// This file is part of OpenCV project. // It is subject to the license terms in the LICENSE file found in the top-level directory // of this distribution and at http://opencv.org/license.html. #include "../precomp.hpp" #include "../usac.hpp" #include "opencv2/imgproc/detail/gcgraph.hpp" namespace cv { namespace usac { class GraphCutImpl : public GraphCut { protected: const Ptr neighborhood_graph; const Ptr estimator; const Ptr quality; const Ptr lo_sampler; const Ptr error; int gc_sample_size, lo_inner_iterations, points_size; double spatial_coherence, sqr_trunc_thr, one_minus_lambda; std::vector labeling_inliers; std::vector energies, weights; std::set used_edges; std::vector gc_models; Ptr termination; int num_lo_optimizations = 0, current_ransac_iter = 0; public: void setCurrentRANSACiter (int ransac_iter) override { current_ransac_iter = ransac_iter; } // In lo_sampler_ the sample size should be set and be equal gc_sample_size_ GraphCutImpl (const Ptr &estimator_, const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &neighborhood_graph_, const Ptr &lo_sampler_, double threshold_, double spatial_coherence_term, int gc_inner_iteration_number_, Ptr termination_) : neighborhood_graph (neighborhood_graph_), estimator (estimator_), quality (quality_), lo_sampler (lo_sampler_), error (quality_->getErrorFnc()), termination(termination_) { points_size = quality_->getPointsSize(); spatial_coherence = spatial_coherence_term; sqr_trunc_thr = threshold_ * 2.25; // threshold is already squared gc_sample_size = lo_sampler_->getSubsetSize(); lo_inner_iterations = gc_inner_iteration_number_; one_minus_lambda = 1.0 - spatial_coherence; energies = std::vector(points_size); labeling_inliers = std::vector(points_size); used_edges = std::set(); gc_models = std::vector (estimator->getMaxNumSolutionsNonMinimal()); } bool refineModel (const Mat &best_model, const Score &best_model_score, Mat &new_model, Score &new_model_score) override { if (best_model_score.inlier_number < estimator->getNonMinimalSampleSize()) return false; // improve best model by non minimal estimation new_model_score = Score(); // set score to inf (worst case) best_model.copyTo(new_model); bool is_best_model_updated = true; while (is_best_model_updated) { is_best_model_updated = false; // Build graph problem. Apply graph cut to G int labeling_inliers_size = labeling(new_model); for (int iter = 0; iter < lo_inner_iterations; iter++) { // sample to generate min (|I_7m|, |I|) int num_of_estimated_models; if (labeling_inliers_size > gc_sample_size) { // generate random subset in range <0; |I|> num_of_estimated_models = estimator->estimateModelNonMinimalSample (lo_sampler->generateUniqueRandomSubset(labeling_inliers, labeling_inliers_size), gc_sample_size, gc_models, weights); } else { if (iter > 0) break; // break inliers are not updated num_of_estimated_models = estimator->estimateModelNonMinimalSample (labeling_inliers, labeling_inliers_size, gc_models, weights); } for (int model_idx = 0; model_idx < num_of_estimated_models; model_idx++) { const Score gc_temp_score = quality->getScore(gc_models[model_idx]); // store the best model from estimated models if (gc_temp_score.isBetter(new_model_score)) { is_best_model_updated = true; new_model_score = gc_temp_score; gc_models[model_idx].copyTo(new_model); } } if (termination != nullptr && is_best_model_updated && current_ransac_iter > termination->update(best_model, best_model_score.inlier_number)) { is_best_model_updated = false; // to break outer loop } } // end of inner GC local optimization } // end of while loop return true; } private: // find inliers using graph cut algorithm. int labeling (const Mat& model) { const auto &errors = error->getErrors(model); detail::GCGraph graph; for (int pt = 0; pt < points_size; pt++) graph.addVtx(); // The distance and energy for each point double tmp_squared_distance, energy; // Estimate the vertex capacities for (int pt = 0; pt < points_size; pt++) { tmp_squared_distance = errors[pt]; if (std::isnan(tmp_squared_distance)) tmp_squared_distance = std::numeric_limits::max(); energy = tmp_squared_distance / sqr_trunc_thr; // Truncated quadratic cost if (tmp_squared_distance <= sqr_trunc_thr) graph.addTermWeights(pt, 0, one_minus_lambda * (1 - energy)); else graph.addTermWeights(pt, one_minus_lambda * energy, 0); energies[pt] = energy > 1 ? 1 : energy; } used_edges.clear(); bool has_edges = false; // Iterate through all points and set their edges for (int point_idx = 0; point_idx < points_size; ++point_idx) { energy = energies[point_idx]; // Iterate through all neighbors for (int actual_neighbor_idx : neighborhood_graph->getNeighbors(point_idx)) { if (actual_neighbor_idx == point_idx || used_edges.count(actual_neighbor_idx*points_size + point_idx) > 0 || used_edges.count(point_idx*points_size + actual_neighbor_idx) > 0) continue; used_edges.insert(actual_neighbor_idx*points_size + point_idx); used_edges.insert(point_idx*points_size + actual_neighbor_idx); double a = (0.5 * (energy + energies[actual_neighbor_idx])) * spatial_coherence, b = spatial_coherence, c = spatial_coherence, d = 0; graph.addTermWeights(point_idx, d, a); b -= a; if (b + c < 0) continue; // invalid regularity if (b < 0) { graph.addTermWeights(point_idx, 0, b); graph.addTermWeights(actual_neighbor_idx, 0, -b); graph.addEdges(point_idx, actual_neighbor_idx, 0, b + c); } else if (c < 0) { graph.addTermWeights(point_idx, 0, -c); graph.addTermWeights(actual_neighbor_idx, 0, c); graph.addEdges(point_idx, actual_neighbor_idx, b + c, 0); } else graph.addEdges(point_idx, actual_neighbor_idx, b, c); has_edges = true; } } if (! has_edges) return quality->getInliers(model, labeling_inliers); graph.maxFlow(); int inlier_number = 0; for (int pt = 0; pt < points_size; pt++) if (! graph.inSourceSegment(pt)) // check for sink labeling_inliers[inlier_number++] = pt; return inlier_number; } int getNumLOoptimizations () const override { return num_lo_optimizations; } }; Ptr GraphCut::create(const Ptr &estimator_, const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &neighborhood_graph_, const Ptr &lo_sampler_, double threshold_, double spatial_coherence_term, int gc_inner_iteration_number, Ptr termination_) { return makePtr(estimator_, quality_, neighborhood_graph_, lo_sampler_, threshold_, spatial_coherence_term, gc_inner_iteration_number, termination_); } // http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~matas/papers/chum-dagm03.pdf class InnerIterativeLocalOptimizationImpl : public InnerIterativeLocalOptimization { private: const Ptr estimator; const Ptr quality; const Ptr lo_sampler; Ptr lo_iter_sampler; std::vector lo_models, lo_iter_models; std::vector inliers_of_best_model, virtual_inliers; int lo_inner_max_iterations, lo_iter_max_iterations, lo_sample_size, lo_iter_sample_size; bool is_iterative; double threshold, new_threshold, threshold_step; std::vector weights; public: InnerIterativeLocalOptimizationImpl (const Ptr &estimator_, const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &lo_sampler_, int pts_size, double threshold_, bool is_iterative_, int lo_iter_sample_size_, int lo_inner_iterations_=10, int lo_iter_max_iterations_=5, double threshold_multiplier_=4) : estimator (estimator_), quality (quality_), lo_sampler (lo_sampler_) , lo_iter_sample_size(0), new_threshold(0), threshold_step(0) { lo_inner_max_iterations = lo_inner_iterations_; lo_iter_max_iterations = lo_iter_max_iterations_; threshold = threshold_; lo_sample_size = lo_sampler->getSubsetSize(); is_iterative = is_iterative_; if (is_iterative) { lo_iter_sample_size = lo_iter_sample_size_; lo_iter_sampler = UniformRandomGenerator::create(0/*state*/, pts_size, lo_iter_sample_size_); lo_iter_models = std::vector(estimator->getMaxNumSolutionsNonMinimal()); virtual_inliers = std::vector(pts_size); new_threshold = threshold_multiplier_ * threshold; // reduce multiplier threshold K·θ by this number in each iteration. // In the last iteration there be original threshold θ. threshold_step = (new_threshold - threshold) / lo_iter_max_iterations_; } lo_models = std::vector(estimator->getMaxNumSolutionsNonMinimal()); // Allocate max memory to avoid reallocation inliers_of_best_model = std::vector(pts_size); } /* * Implementation of Locally Optimized Ransac * Inner + Iterative */ bool refineModel (const Mat &so_far_the_best_model, const Score &best_model_score, Mat &new_model, Score &new_model_score) override { if (best_model_score.inlier_number < estimator->getNonMinimalSampleSize()) return false; so_far_the_best_model.copyTo(new_model); new_model_score = best_model_score; // get inliers from so far the best model. int num_inliers_of_best_model = quality->getInliers(so_far_the_best_model, inliers_of_best_model); // Inner Local Optimization Ransac. for (int iters = 0; iters < lo_inner_max_iterations; iters++) { int num_estimated_models; // Generate sample of lo_sample_size from inliers from the best model. if (num_inliers_of_best_model > lo_sample_size) { // if there are many inliers take limited number at random. num_estimated_models = estimator->estimateModelNonMinimalSample (lo_sampler->generateUniqueRandomSubset(inliers_of_best_model, num_inliers_of_best_model), lo_sample_size, lo_models, weights); } else { // if model was not updated in first iteration, so break. if (iters > 0) break; // if inliers are less than limited number of sample then take all for estimation // if it fails -> end Lo. num_estimated_models = estimator->estimateModelNonMinimalSample (inliers_of_best_model, num_inliers_of_best_model, lo_models, weights); } //////// Choose the best lo_model from estimated lo_models. for (int model_idx = 0; model_idx < num_estimated_models; model_idx++) { const Score temp_score = quality->getScore(lo_models[model_idx]); if (temp_score.isBetter(new_model_score)) { new_model_score = temp_score; lo_models[model_idx].copyTo(new_model); } } if (is_iterative) { double lo_threshold = new_threshold; // get max virtual inliers. Note that they are nor real inliers, // because we got them with bigger threshold. int virtual_inliers_size = quality->getInliers (new_model, virtual_inliers, lo_threshold); Mat lo_iter_model; Score lo_iter_score = Score(); // set worst case for (int iterations = 0; iterations < lo_iter_max_iterations; iterations++) { lo_threshold -= threshold_step; if (virtual_inliers_size > lo_iter_sample_size) { // if there are more inliers than limit for sample size then generate at random // sample from LO model. num_estimated_models = estimator->estimateModelNonMinimalSample (lo_iter_sampler->generateUniqueRandomSubset (virtual_inliers, virtual_inliers_size), lo_iter_sample_size, lo_iter_models, weights); } else { // break if failed, very low probability that it will not fail in next iterations // estimate model with all virtual inliers num_estimated_models = estimator->estimateModelNonMinimalSample (virtual_inliers, virtual_inliers_size, lo_iter_models, weights); } if (num_estimated_models == 0) break; // Get score and update virtual inliers with current threshold ////// Choose the best lo_iter_model from estimated lo_iter_models. lo_iter_models[0].copyTo(lo_iter_model); lo_iter_score = quality->getScore(lo_iter_model); for (int model_idx = 1; model_idx < num_estimated_models; model_idx++) { const Score temp_score = quality->getScore(lo_iter_models[model_idx]); if (temp_score.isBetter(lo_iter_score)) { lo_iter_score = temp_score; lo_iter_models[model_idx].copyTo(lo_iter_model); } } if (iterations != lo_iter_max_iterations-1) virtual_inliers_size = quality->getInliers(lo_iter_model, virtual_inliers, lo_threshold); } if (lo_iter_score.isBetter(new_model_score)) { new_model_score = lo_iter_score; lo_iter_model.copyTo(new_model); } } if (num_inliers_of_best_model < new_model_score.inlier_number && iters != lo_inner_max_iterations-1) num_inliers_of_best_model = quality->getInliers (new_model, inliers_of_best_model); } return true; } }; Ptr InnerIterativeLocalOptimization::create (const Ptr &estimator_, const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &lo_sampler_, int pts_size, double threshold_, bool is_iterative_, int lo_iter_sample_size_, int lo_inner_iterations_, int lo_iter_max_iterations_, double threshold_multiplier_) { return makePtr(estimator_, quality_, lo_sampler_, pts_size, threshold_, is_iterative_, lo_iter_sample_size_, lo_inner_iterations_, lo_iter_max_iterations_, threshold_multiplier_); } class SimpleLocalOptimizationImpl : public SimpleLocalOptimization { private: const Ptr quality; const Ptr error; const Ptr estimator; const Ptr termination; const Ptr random_generator; const Ptr weight_fnc; // unlike to @random_generator which has fixed subset size // @random_generator_smaller_subset is used to draw smaller // amount of points which depends on current number of inliers Ptr random_generator_smaller_subset; int points_size, max_lo_iters, non_min_sample_size, current_ransac_iter; std::vector weights; std::vector inliers; std::vector models; double inlier_threshold_sqr; int num_lo_optimizations = 0; bool updated_lo = false; public: SimpleLocalOptimizationImpl (const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &estimator_, const Ptr termination_, const Ptr &random_gen, Ptr weight_fnc_, int max_lo_iters_, double inlier_threshold_sqr_, bool update_lo_) : quality(quality_), error(quality_->getErrorFnc()), estimator(estimator_), termination(termination_), random_generator(random_gen), weight_fnc(weight_fnc_) { max_lo_iters = max_lo_iters_; non_min_sample_size = random_generator->getSubsetSize(); current_ransac_iter = 0; inliers = std::vector(quality_->getPointsSize()); models = std::vector(estimator_->getMaxNumberOfSolutions()); points_size = quality_->getPointsSize(); inlier_threshold_sqr = inlier_threshold_sqr_; if (weight_fnc != nullptr) weights = std::vector(points_size); random_generator_smaller_subset = nullptr; updated_lo = update_lo_; } void setCurrentRANSACiter (int ransac_iter) override { current_ransac_iter = ransac_iter; } int getNumLOoptimizations () const override { return num_lo_optimizations; } bool refineModel (const Mat &best_model, const Score &best_model_score, Mat &new_model, Score &new_model_score) override { new_model_score = best_model_score; best_model.copyTo(new_model); int num_inliers; if (weights.empty()) num_inliers = Quality::getInliers(error, best_model, inliers, inlier_threshold_sqr); else num_inliers = weight_fnc->getInliersWeights(error->getErrors(best_model), inliers, weights); auto update_generator = [&] (int num_inls) { if (num_inls <= non_min_sample_size) { // add new random generator if number of inliers is fewer than non-minimal sample size const int new_sample_size = (int)(0.6*num_inls); if (new_sample_size <= estimator->getMinimumRequiredSampleSize()) return false; if (random_generator_smaller_subset == nullptr) random_generator_smaller_subset = UniformRandomGenerator::create(num_inls/*state*/, quality->getPointsSize(), new_sample_size); else random_generator_smaller_subset->setSubsetSize(new_sample_size); } return true; }; if (!update_generator(num_inliers)) return false; int max_lo_iters_ = max_lo_iters, last_update = 0, last_inliers_update = 0; for (int iter = 0; iter < max_lo_iters_; iter++) { int num_models; if (num_inliers <= non_min_sample_size) num_models = estimator->estimate(new_model, random_generator_smaller_subset->generateUniqueRandomSubset(inliers, num_inliers), random_generator_smaller_subset->getSubsetSize(), models, weights); else num_models = estimator->estimate(new_model, random_generator->generateUniqueRandomSubset(inliers, num_inliers), non_min_sample_size, models, weights); for (int m = 0; m < num_models; m++) { const auto score = quality->getScore(models[m]); if (score.isBetter(new_model_score)) { last_update = iter; last_inliers_update = new_model_score.inlier_number - score.inlier_number; if (updated_lo) { if (max_lo_iters_ < iter + 5 && last_inliers_update >= 1) { max_lo_iters_ = iter + 5; } } models[m].copyTo(new_model); new_model_score = score; if (termination != nullptr && current_ransac_iter > termination->update(new_model, new_model_score.inlier_number)) return true; // terminate LO if max number of iterations reached if (score.inlier_number >= best_model_score.inlier_number || score.inlier_number > non_min_sample_size) { // update inliers if new model has more than previous best model if (weights.empty()) num_inliers = Quality::getInliers(error, best_model, inliers, inlier_threshold_sqr); else num_inliers = weight_fnc->getInliersWeights(error->getErrors(best_model), inliers, weights); if (!update_generator(num_inliers)) return true; } } } if (updated_lo && iter - last_update >= 10) { break; } } return true; } }; Ptr SimpleLocalOptimization::create (const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &estimator_, const Ptr termination_, const Ptr &random_gen, const Ptr weight_fnc, int max_lo_iters_, double inlier_thr_sqr, bool updated_lo) { return makePtr (quality_, estimator_, termination_, random_gen, weight_fnc, max_lo_iters_, inlier_thr_sqr, updated_lo); } class MagsacWeightFunctionImpl : public MagsacWeightFunction { private: const std::vector &stored_gamma_values; double C, max_sigma, max_sigma_sqr, scale_of_stored_gammas, one_over_sigma, gamma_k, squared_sigma_max_2, rescale_err; int DoF; unsigned int stored_gamma_number_min1; public: MagsacWeightFunctionImpl (const Ptr &gamma_generator, int DoF_, double upper_incomplete_of_sigma_quantile, double C_, double max_sigma_) : stored_gamma_values (gamma_generator->getGammaValues()) { gamma_k = upper_incomplete_of_sigma_quantile; stored_gamma_number_min1 = static_cast(gamma_generator->getTableSize()-1); scale_of_stored_gammas = gamma_generator->getScaleOfGammaValues(); DoF = DoF_; C = C_; max_sigma = max_sigma_; squared_sigma_max_2 = max_sigma * max_sigma * 2.0; one_over_sigma = C * pow(2.0, (DoF - 1.0) * 0.5) / max_sigma; max_sigma_sqr = squared_sigma_max_2 * 0.5; rescale_err = scale_of_stored_gammas / squared_sigma_max_2; } int getInliersWeights (const std::vector &errors, std::vector &inliers, std::vector &weights) const override { return getInliersWeights(errors, inliers, weights, one_over_sigma, rescale_err, max_sigma_sqr); } int getInliersWeights (const std::vector &errors, std::vector &inliers, std::vector &weights, double thr_sqr) const override { const auto _max_sigma = thr_sqr; const auto _squared_sigma_max_2 = _max_sigma * _max_sigma * 2.0; const auto _one_over_sigma = C * pow(2.0, (DoF - 1.0) * 0.5) / _max_sigma; const auto _max_sigma_sqr = _squared_sigma_max_2 * 0.5; const auto _rescale_err = scale_of_stored_gammas / _squared_sigma_max_2; return getInliersWeights(errors, inliers, weights, _one_over_sigma, _rescale_err, _max_sigma_sqr); } double getThreshold () const override { return max_sigma_sqr; } private: int getInliersWeights (const std::vector &errors, std::vector &inliers, std::vector &weights, double _one_over_sigma, double _rescale_err, double _max_sigma_sqr) const { int num_inliers = 0, p = 0; for (const auto &e : errors) { // Calculate the residual of the current point if (e < _max_sigma_sqr) { // Get the position of the gamma value in the lookup table auto x = static_cast(_rescale_err * e); if (x > stored_gamma_number_min1) x = stored_gamma_number_min1; inliers[num_inliers] = p; // store index of point for LSQ weights[num_inliers++] = _one_over_sigma * (stored_gamma_values[x] - gamma_k); } p++; } return num_inliers; } }; Ptr MagsacWeightFunction::create(const Ptr &gamma_generator_, int DoF_, double upper_incomplete_of_sigma_quantile, double C_, double max_sigma_) { return makePtr(gamma_generator_, DoF_, upper_incomplete_of_sigma_quantile, C_, max_sigma_); } /////////////////////////////////////////// FINAL MODEL POLISHER //////////////////////// class NonMinimalPolisherImpl : public NonMinimalPolisher { private: const Ptr quality; const Ptr solver; const Ptr error_fnc; const Ptr weight_fnc; std::vector mask, mask_best; std::vector models; std::vector weights; std::vector errors_best; std::vector inliers; double threshold, iou_thr, max_thr; int max_iters, points_size; bool is_covariance, CHANGE_WEIGHTS = true; public: NonMinimalPolisherImpl (const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &solver_, Ptr weight_fnc_, int max_iters_, double iou_thr_) : quality(quality_), solver(solver_), error_fnc(quality_->getErrorFnc()), weight_fnc(weight_fnc_) { max_iters = max_iters_; points_size = quality_->getPointsSize(); threshold = quality_->getThreshold(); iou_thr = iou_thr_; is_covariance = dynamic_cast(solver_.get()) != nullptr; mask = std::vector(points_size); mask_best = std::vector(points_size); inliers = std::vector(points_size); if (weight_fnc != nullptr) { weights = std::vector(points_size); max_thr = weight_fnc->getThreshold(); if (is_covariance) CV_Error(cv::Error::StsBadArg, "Covariance polisher cannot be combined with weights!"); } } bool polishSoFarTheBestModel (const Mat &model, const Score &best_model_score, Mat &new_model, Score &new_model_score) override { int num_inliers = 0; if (weights.empty()) { quality->getInliers(model, mask_best); if (!is_covariance) for (int p = 0; p < points_size; p++) if (mask_best[p]) inliers[num_inliers++] = p; } else { errors_best = error_fnc->getErrors(model); num_inliers = weight_fnc->getInliersWeights(errors_best, inliers, weights, max_thr); } new_model_score = best_model_score; model.copyTo(new_model); int last_update = -1; for (int iter = 0; iter < max_iters; iter++) { int num_sols; if (is_covariance) num_sols = solver->estimate(mask_best, models, weights); else num_sols = solver->estimate(new_model, inliers, num_inliers, models, weights); Score prev_score; for (int i = 0; i < num_sols; i++) { const auto &errors = error_fnc->getErrors(models[i]); const auto score = quality->getScore(errors); if (score.isBetter(new_model_score)) { last_update = iter; models[i].copyTo(new_model); errors_best = errors; prev_score = new_model_score; new_model_score = score; } } if (weights.empty()) { if (iter > last_update) break; else { Quality::getInliers(errors_best, mask, threshold); if (Utils::intersectionOverUnion(mask, mask_best) >= iou_thr) return true; mask_best = mask; num_inliers = 0; if (!is_covariance) for (int p = 0; p < points_size; p++) if (mask_best[p]) inliers[num_inliers++] = p; } } else { if (iter > last_update) { // new model is worse if (CHANGE_WEIGHTS) { // if failed more than 5 times then break if (iter - std::max(0, last_update) >= 5) break; // try to change weights by changing threshold if (fabs(new_model_score.score - prev_score.score) < FLT_EPSILON) { // increase threshold if new model score is the same as the same as previous max_thr *= 1.05; // increase by 5% } else if (iter > last_update) { // decrease max threshold if model is worse max_thr *= 0.9; // decrease by 10% } } else break; // break if not changing weights } // generate new weights and inliers num_inliers = weight_fnc->getInliersWeights(errors_best, inliers, weights, max_thr); } } return last_update >= 0; } }; Ptr NonMinimalPolisher::create(const Ptr &quality_, const Ptr &solver_, Ptr weight_fnc_, int max_iters_, double iou_thr_) { return makePtr(quality_, solver_, weight_fnc_, max_iters_, iou_thr_); } }}