{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0000", "text": "Hard thresholding, LASSO , adaptive LASSO and SCAD point estimators have been suggested for use in the linear regression context when most of the components of the regression parameter vector are believed to be zero, a sparsity type of assumption. Potscher and Schneider, 2010, Electronic Journal of Statistics, have considered the properties of fixed-width confidence intervals that include one of these point estimators (for all possible data values). They consider a normal linear regression model with orthogonal regressors and show that these confidence intervals are longer than the standard confidence interval (based on the maximum likelihood estimator) when the tuning parameter for these point estimators is chosen to lead to either conservative or consistent model selection. We extend this analysis to the case of variable-width confidence intervals that include one of these point estimators (for all possible data values). In consonance with these findings of Potscher and Schneider, we find that these confidence intervals perform poorly by comparison with the standard confidence interval, when the tuning parameter for these point estimators is chosen to lead to consistent model selection. However, when the tuning parameter for these point estimators is chosen to lead to conservative model selection, our conclusions differ from those of Potscher and Schneider. We consider the variable-width confidence intervals of Farchione and Kabaila, 2008, Statistics & Probability Letters, which have advantages over the standard confidence interval in the context that there is a belief in a sparsity type of assumption. These variable-width confidence intervals are shown to include the hard thresholding, LASSO, adaptive LASSO and SCAD estimators (for all possible data values) provided that the tuning parameters for these estimators are chosen to belong to an appropriate interval.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00256", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0001", "text": "engineer or scientist. He’s also a climate change denier, so many are worried that NASA’s excellent work in that area is about to come to an end. Trump’s orders essentially revive the Constellation program, although it will likely involve much more of a private spaceflight component, since Trump’s pick for NASA administrator, James Bridenstine is very much pro-business, and not an engineer or scientist. He’s also a climate change denier, so many are worried that NASA’s excellent work in that area is about to come to an end. NASA is in a better place to execute Constellation, but it was a flawed program: During the Bush administration, billions was spent on Ares I, which ultimately didn’t pan out. However, it does have Orion, a successfully tested crew vehicle, and in theory it could be back on the moon within a decade. But there are very real medical questions about how long humans can remain in space, and building a moonbase, not to mention establishing regular traffic back and forth between the Moon as a staging ground to go to Mars, has a lot of question marks. And it may all be pointless without more advanced climate science work to help us understand the weather, since rocket launches are finicky things. During the Bush administration, billions was spent on Ares I, which ultimately didn’t pan out. However, it does have Orion, a successfully tested crew vehicle, and in theory it could be back on the moon within a decade. But there are very real medical questions about how long humans can remain in space, and building a moonbase, not to mention establishing regular traffic back and forth between the Moon as a staging ground to go to Mars, has a lot of question marks. And it may all be pointless without more advanced climate science work to help us understand the weather, since rocket launches are finicky things. And all of this is under threat anyway: Republicans love NASA, perhaps because its work directly benefits Republican strongholds, but there’s also this tax bill you may have heard about that cuts funding across the board. NASA won’t be able to buy moon boots, let alone a rocket to the moon, if its budget gets cut. In other words, Trump can insist this is a job-creating move, as he does in the below clip. But unless he backs that executive order with money, NASA isn’t going anywhere.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 484, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00557", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0002", "text": "Willie Mullins is throwing his four best staying chasers at the Coral Punchestown Gold Cup in an effort to claim a large share of the €250,000 purse. Total Recall, Killultagh Vic and last year's runner-up Djakadam all ran in the Cheltenham Gold Cup, while Bellshill made a bold bid in the Irish National, being beaten just a length. Since Cheltenham, Total Recall was sent off favourite for the Aintree Grand National but an early error put him on the back foot and he never threatened to get involved. Assistant trainer Patrick Mullins said: \"Total Recall made an early mistake or two and after that it knocked his confidence and Paul (Townend) wasn't hard on him, so it didn't take much out of him. \"The worry is that sometimes horses come back from Aintree and can jump a bit careful, but he's schooled well. \"Punchestown should be easier for Killultagh Vic to get into a rhythm. He definitely has the ability and if he does get into a rhythm, he must have a huge chance. \"Bellshill has a huge engine. You don't know how much of a mark Fairyhouse might have left, but at home we can't see one and we're expecting a big run.\" Mullins jnr maintains his partnership with Djakadam, whom he partnered into fifth at Cheltenham. He said: \"I got a great spin off Djakadam in the Gold Cup. Outlander after his Down Royal success \"A lot of those who finished in front of him at Cheltenham aren't here, so that gives him a good chance.\" Mullins' big rival Gordon Elliott fields the enigmatic Outlander, who has been pulled up on his last two starts but did win a Grade One earlier in the season. \"He's won another Grade One for us this season at Down Royal and was only beaten a neck at Leopardstown in February and three lengths there at Christmas, so he's a great little horse,\" said Elliott. \"If the ground doesn't dry up too much, hopefully he'll be there or thereabouts.\" Noel Meade is hoping to gatecrash the party with Road To Respect, who ran a fine race to finish fourth at Cheltenham. \"I think if we get reasonably good ground it's going to be a big help to him,\" Meade told At The Races.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00760", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0003", "text": "We study the implementation of one-, two-, and three-qubit quantum gates for interacting qubits using optimal control. Different Markovian and non-Markovian environments are compared and efficient optimisation algorithms utilising analytic gradient expressions and quasi-Newton updates are given for both cases. The performance of the algorithms is analysed for a large set of problems in terms of the fidelities attained and the observed convergence behaviour. New notions of success rate and success speed are introduced and density plots are utilised to study the effect of key parameters, such as gate operation times, and random variables, such as the initial fields required to start the iterative algorithm. Core characteristics of the optimal fields are statistically analysed. Substantial differences between Markovian and non-Markovian environments in terms of the possibilities for control and the control mechanisms are uncovered. In particular, in the Markovian case it is found that the optimal fields obtained without considering the environment cannot be improved substantially by taking the environment into account and the fidelities attained are determined mostly by the gate operation time as well as the overall strength of the environmental effects. Computation time is saved if the fields are pre-optimised neglecting decoherence. In the non-Markovian case, on the other hand, substantial improvements in the fidelities are observed when the details of the system-bath coupling are taken into account. In that case, field leakage is shown to be a significant issue which can make high gate fidelities impossible to obtain unless both the system and noise qubits are fully controlled.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00359", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0004", "text": "errals under such plan (in the amount determined under subparagraph (B)) during the period which begins on the date of the reemployment and whose duration is the lesser of-- ``(I) 5 years; or ``(II) 3 times the period of qualified military service which resulted in such rights; and ``(ii) makes a matching contribution in respect of any additional elective deferral made pursuant to clause (i) which would have been required had such deferral actually been made during the period of such qualified military service. ``(B) Amount of makeup required.--The amount determined under this subparagraph is the maximum amount of elective deferrals that the individual would have been permitted to make under the plan during his period of qualified military service if he had continued to be employed by the employer during such period and received compensation at the rate computed in accordance with section 4318(b)(3) of title 38. Proper adjustment shall be made to the amount determined under the preceding sentence for any elective deferrals actually made during the period of such qualified military service. ``(C) Elective deferral.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term `elective deferral' has the meaning given to such term by section 402(g)(3); except that such term shall include any deferral of compensation under an eligible deferred compensation plan (as defined in section 457(b)). ``(3) Loan repayment suspensions permitted.--If any plan suspends the repayment of any loan made to an individual for the period while such individual is performing qualified military service, such suspension shall not be taken into account for purposes of section 72(p). ``(4) Qualified military service.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `qualified military service' means any service in the uniformed services (as defined in chapter 43 of title 38, United States Code) by any individual if such individual is entitled to reemployment rights under such chapter 43, with respect to such service. ``(5) Individual account plan.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `individual account plan' means any defined contribution plan and any eligible deferred compensation plan (as defined in section 457(b)).''. (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect as of September 2, 1974, and shall apply to plans as if such amendment were enacted on such date as part of section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 490, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00915", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0005", "text": "Polaris, the nearest and brightest classical Cepheid, is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 30 years. Using the High Resolution Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys onboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at a wavelength of ~2255\\AA, we have directly detected the faint companion at a separation of 0\\farcs17. A second HST observation 1.04 yr later confirms orbital motion in a retrograde direction. By combining our two measures with the spectroscopic orbit of Kamper and an analysis of the Hipparcos and FK5 proper motions by Wielen et al., we find a mass for Polaris Aa of 4.5^{+2.2}_{-1.4} M_\\odot--the first purely dynamical mass determined for any Cepheid. For the faint companion Polaris Ab we find a dynamical mass of 1.26^{+0.14}_{-0.07} M_\\odot, consistent with an inferred spectral type of F6 V and with the flux difference of 5.4 mag observed at 2255\\AA. The magnitude difference at the V band is estimated to be 7.2 mag. Continued HST observations will significantly reduce the mass errors, which are presently still too large to provide critical constraints on the roles of convective overshoot, mass loss, rotation, and opacities in the evolution of intermediate-mass stars. Our astrometry, combined with two centuries of archival measurements, also confirms that the well-known, more distant (18\") visual companion, Polaris B, has a nearly common proper motion with that of the Aa,Ab pair. This is consistent with orbital motion in a long-period bound system. The ultraviolet brightness of Polaris B is in accordance with its known F3 V spectral type if it has the same distance as Polaris Aa,Ab.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 396, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00070", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0006", "text": "restoration date by any person if the aggregate amount of such highway motor fuel held by such person on such date does not exceed 2,000 gallons. The preceding sentence shall apply only if such person submits to the Secretary (at the time and in the manner required by the Secretary) such information as the Secretary shall require for purposes of this paragraph. (2) Exempt fuel.--For purposes of paragraph (1), there shall not be taken into account any highway motor fuel held by any person which is exempt from the tax imposed by subsection (a) by reason of subsection (d). (3) Controlled groups.--For purposes of this section-- (A) Corporations.-- (i) In general.--All persons treated as a controlled group shall be treated as 1 person. (ii) Controlled group.--The term ``controlled group'' has the meaning given to such term by subsection (a) of section 1563 of such Code; except that for such purposes the phrase ``more than 50 percent'' shall be substituted for the phrase ``at least 80 percent'' each place it appears in such subsection. (B) Nonincorporated persons under common control.-- Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, principles similar to the principles of subparagraph (A) shall apply to a group of persons under common control if 1 or more of such persons is not a corporation. (f) Other Laws Applicable.--All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 4081of such Code shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes imposed by subsection (a) to the same extent as if such taxes were imposed by such sections.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 352, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00917", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0007", "text": "It is known that the gas has a fractal structure in a wide range of spatial scales with a fractal dimension that seems to be a constant around Df = 2.7. It is expected that stars forming from this fractal medium exhibit similar fractal patterns. Here we address this issue by quantifying the degree to which star-forming events are clumped. We develop, test, and apply a precise and accurate technique to calculate the correlation dimension Dc of the distribution of HII regions in a sample of disk galaxies. We find that the determination of Dc is limited by the number of HII regions, since if there are < 100 regions available then a bias tending to underestimate the dimension is produced. The reliable results are distributed in the range 1.5 < Dc < 2.0 with an average value Dc = 1.81. This corresponds to a three-dimensional dimension of Df = 2.73, very similar to the value measured in the interstellar clouds. However, we get significant variations in the fractal dimension among galaxies, contrary to a universal picture sometimes claimed in literature. The fractal dimension exhibits a weak but significant correlation with the absolute magnitude and, to a lesser extent, with the galactic radius. The faintest galaxies tend to distribute their HII regions in more clustered (less uniform) patterns. The fractal dimension for the brightest HII regions within the same galaxy seems to be smaller than for the faintest ones suggesting some kind of evolutionary efffect, but the obtained correlation remains unchanged if only the brightest regions are taken into account.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00061", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0008", "text": "Well, kind of. Since it measures from the middle of the unit (where the down arrow is), you can’t get it flush with the wall. Hence you have to add a couple of inches onto your measurement. For instance, it measured the width of one room at 9.213 feet, which is 110.5 inches. But a check of our trusty old-fashioned tape measure – which you can get right up to the wall by pulling out more tape than you need – tells us it actually measured 112.5 inches. The only way around this is to measure it from the doorway with the door open, so you can start measuring from exactly where the wall starts. But this isn’t always convenient. It also measures in feet by default, and there’s no obvious way – that we could see at least – of changing to metres or inches. So, contrary to the manufacturer’s claims, it does involve some calculations. When it gets things right, its measurements are pretty spot-on. But moreover, it's convenient. Measuring the height of a 10-foot ceiling was far easier just shooting it with a laser than clambering up a stepladder trying to keep a tape measure straight. The screen presents the information well, but it’s not readable from all angles, so you’ll have to get down on your hands and knees to read it in situ. The app is a bit hit and miss, too. You can supposedly send your measurements to it from the Cubit via Bluetooth, but we couldn’t figure out how. The ability to place virtual pictures and boxes on your actual walls and floors is pretty neat, but you’ll need decent lighting to prevent the results looking over-exposed - if at all.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 351, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00691", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0009", "text": "Background: The secondary structure and complexity of mRNA influences its accessibility to regulatory molecules (proteins, micro-RNAs), its stability and its level of expression. The mobile elements of the RNA sequence, the wobble bases, are expected to regulate the formation of structures encompassing coding sequences. Results: The sequence/folding energy (FE) relationship was studied by statistical, bioinformatic methods in 90 CDS containing 26,370 codons. I found that the FE (dG) associated with coding sequences is significant and negative (407 kcal/1000 bases, mean +/- S.E.M.) indicating that these sequences are able to form structures. However, the FE has only a small free component, less than 10% of the total. The contribution of the 1st and 3rd codon bases to the FE is larger than the contribution of the 2nd (central) bases. It is possible to achieve a ~ 4-fold change in FE by altering the wobble bases in synonymous codons. The sequence/FE relationship can be described with a simple algorithm, and the total FE can be predicted solely from the sequence composition of the nucleic acid. The contributions of different synonymous codons to the FE are additive and one codon cannot replace another. The accumulated contributions of synonymous codons of an amino acid to the total folding energy of an mRNA is strongly correlated to the relative amount of that amino acid in the translated protein. Conclusion: Synonymous codons are not interchangable with regard to their role in determining the mRNA FE and the relative amounts of amino acids in the translated protein, even if they are indistinguishable in respect of amino acid coding.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00073", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0010", "text": "Astronomy can never be a hard core physics discipline, because the Universe offers no control experiment, i.e. with no independent checks it is bound to be highly ambiguous and degenerate. Thus e.g. while superluminal motion can be explained by Special Relativity. data on the former can never on their own be used to establish the latter. This is why traditionally astrophysicists have been content with (and proud of) their ability to use known physical laws and processes established in the laboratory to explain celestial phenomena. Cosmology is not even astrophysics: all the principal assumptions in this field are unverified (or unverifiable) in the laboratory, and researchers are quite comfortable with inventing unknowns to explain the unknown. How then could, after fifty years of failed attempt in finding dark matter, the fields of dark matter {\\it and now} dark energy have become such lofty priorities in astronomy funding, to the detriment of all other branches of astronomy? I demonstrate in this article that while some of is based upon truth, at least just as much of $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology has been propped by a paralyzing amount of propaganda which suppress counter evidence and subdue competing models. The recent WMAP3 paper of Spergel et al (2007) will be used as case in point on selective citation. I also show that when all evidence are taken into account, two of the competing models that abolish dark energy and/or dark matter do not trail behind $\\Lambda$CDM by much. Given all of the above, I believe astronomy is no longer heading towards a healthy future, unless funding agencies re-think their master plans by backing away from such high a emphasis on groping in the dark.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 353, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00008", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0011", "text": "such beneficiary by reason of cancellation of a contract referred to in subsection (b)(1). If any payment referred to in the preceding sentence consists of property other than money, the basis of such property in the hands of such beneficiary shall be the same as the trust's basis in such property immediately before the payment. ``(f) Exception if Interest Paid To Beneficiaries Pursuant to Election.--If, on or before the date on which a qualified funeral trust is established, the trustee, pursuant to an agreement with a beneficiary of such trust, elects to pay (not less than annually) to such beneficiary all income of the trust which is attributable to such beneficiary, then for purposes of this title such beneficiary's interest in such trust shall be treated as a separate trust to which this section does not apply. The election under this subsection, once made, shall be irrevocable. ``(g) Simplified Reporting.--The Secretary may prescribe rules for simplified reporting of all qualified funeral trusts having a single trustee.'' (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart F of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``Sec. 684. Treatment of funeral trusts.'' (c) Effective Date.-- (1) In general.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to items which, but for such amendment, would be taken into account in taxable years of a grantor or beneficiary which end after the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) Trusts established before date of enactment.--In the case of a trust established before the date of the enactment of this Act, section 684(f) of such Code (as added by this section) shall be applied by treating an election which is made before the end of the 1-year period beginning with the date of the enactment of this Act as if such election were made on or before the date on which the trust was established, if such election is made pursuant to an agreement, described in such section 684(f), entered into during such period.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01024", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0012", "text": "Face unlock is all the rage these days now that Apple has invented it for the iPhone X. Of course, face unlock has existed on Android for years—it just wasn't very good. Some device makers are returning to the concept, among them OnePlus. The OnePlus 5T and new OnePlus 6 have face unlock, but it's not as secure as other security options. In fact, one owner has shown that a printed photo is enough to bypass OnePlus' face unlock. As you can see in the video, it only takes a few seconds to get the phone unlocked with a printed photo. It also works with a black and white photo. I printed my face to unlock my OnePlus 6 for the lulz... it worked ¯_(ツ)_/¯ pic.twitter.com/rAVMq8JKBr — rik (@rikvduijn) May 29, 2018 Anyone who has been an Android user for long enough might remember when Google added face unlock in Android 4.0. It was a neat demo, but we all quickly realized that it was easy to defeat with a photo of the phone's owner. Google added a \"liveness test\" later that required you to blink, but even that was simple enough to fool with a video or photo animated to \"blink.\" OnePlus doesn't even implement the liveness test because that slows down unlocking. The problem then (and to this day) is that a regular front-facing camera can't differentiate between a flat surface and a real face. Apple got around this by using an IR dot projector to map faces in 3D. Meanwhile, Samsung's face unlock works together with iris scanning. If the device is unlocked with your face only, you can't access more secure apps and services like Samsung Pay until you verify with a secure method. OnePlus does include a disclaimer when you configure face unlock, noting that it's less secure than other options. However, it does push face unlock aggressively during the setup process. Our own Ryne Hager tested this workaround and was unable to get the OnePlus 6 unlocked with a black and white photo of middling quality (see above). So, you might need a rather high-quality printer to pull it off. We've reached out to OnePlus for comment and will report back if we hear anything.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 464, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00767", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0013", "text": "Suppose Alice wishes to send messages to Bob through a communication channel C_1, but her transmissions also reach an eavesdropper Eve through another channel C_2. The goal is to design a coding scheme that makes it possible for Alice to communicate both reliably and securely. Reliability is measured in terms of Bob's probability of error in recovering the message, while security is measured in terms of the mutual information between the message and Eve's observations. Wyner showed that the situation is characterized by a single constant C_s, called the secrecy capacity, which has the following meaning: for all $\\epsilon > 0$, there exist coding schemes of rate $R \\ge C_s - \\epsilon$ that asymptotically achieve both the reliability and the security objectives. However, his proof of this result is based upon a nonconstructive random-coding argument. To date, despite a considerable research effort, the only case where we know how to construct coding schemes that achieve secrecy capacity is when Eve's channel C_2 is an erasure channel, or a combinatorial variation thereof. Polar codes were recently invented by Arikan; they approach the capacity of symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels with low encoding and decoding complexity. Herein, we use polar codes to construct a coding scheme that achieves the secrecy capacity of general wiretap channels. Our construction works for any instantiation of the wiretap channel model, as originally defined by Wyner, as long as both C_1 and C_2 are symmetric and binary-input. Moreover, we show how to modify our construction in order to achieve strong security, as defined by Maurer, while still operating at a rate that approaches the secrecy capacity. In this case, we cannot guarantee that the reliability condition will be satisfied unless the main channel C_1 is noiseless, although we believe it can be always satisfied in practice.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00248", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0014", "text": "If the Weinstein story follows the pattern recently laid down by Roger Ailes and Bill O’Reilly, it’s a decent bet that “at least” will be followed with many additional allegations. The question is whether Mr. Weinstein, as a liberal lion of Hollywood and prominent donor to Democratic politicians, will suffer the same consequences as those Fox News troglodytes Mr. Ailes and Mr. O’Reilly. If past is prologue, perhaps not. As Camille Paglia noted in a recent interview with The Hollywood Reporter, prominent feminists like Gloria Steinem didn’t waste any time discarding sexual harassment guidelines when it came to Bill Clinton’s sexual predations as president. Principle rapidly gave way to partisanship and political opportunism. Newsletter Sign Up Continue reading the main story Sign Up for the Opinion Today Newsletter Every weekday, get thought-provoking commentary from Op-Ed columnists, the Times editorial board and contributing writers from around the world. Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. Thank you for subscribing. An error has occurred. Please try again later. View all New York Times newsletters. Mr. Weinstein clearly understands this calculus. In the wake of the Times report, he issued a cringe-inducing apology: “I came of age in the ’60s and ’70s, when all the rules about behavior and workplaces were different. That was the culture then,” as if in the good olde days of the women’s liberation movement it was totally acceptable to ask a 20-something colleague to bathe you. He promises “to do better” and “conquer my demons.” He misquotes Jay-Z. He says he has hired a team of therapists to “deal with the issue head on.” But the real heart of his message was that he will be an even better progressive if given a second chance: “I’m going to need a place to channel that anger so I’ve decided I’m going to give the N.R.A. my full attention.” He’s also making a movie about Donald Trump. And if the virtue-signaling isn’t enough, the man who has bankrolled Barbara Boxer, Charles Schumer, Elizabeth Warren, Hillary Clinton, Cory Booker, Kirsten Gillibrand — the list goes on and on — is", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00602", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0015", "text": "Politics of Monday, 14 August 2017 Source: mynewsgh.com 2017-08-14 Some leaders of the National Democratic Congress The rancor and acrimony within the opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) will only end when they have a presidential candidate to steer affairs in the party, lecturer with the Baptist University College believes. “They need to hold an emergency congress to elect a presidential candidate for the 2020 polls where they will all throw their support behind that person”, Mr. Collins Kankam-Kwarteng suggested According to him, though the current happenings in the party is normal in every political space but this could break their front if the party’s leadership swiftly do not take steps to manage it. “It is normal seeing political parties fighting and pointing accusing fingers at each other like immediately after leaving power”. The Marketing Lecturer and Policy Analyst in an exclusive interview with mynewsgh.com urged the ruling New Patriotic Party to take lessons from the situation the NDC currently finds itself seven month in opposition. “The NPP should also learn to manage their issues in their party well especially this time in government. They should tolerate and respect individual views on issues”, Mr. Collins Kankam-Kwarteng counseled. The country’s largest opposition NDC appears to be on a cross road less than one year in opposition with members pointing accusing fingers at each other for their hefty loss in the 2016 polls. They have even gone to a extent of blaming their founder and former President Jerry John Rawlings of clandestinely giving corruption messages to then opposition NPP which they believe affected their chances of reelection. But according to the lecturer, the internal wrangling could be managed well if the party holds an earlier congress to elect new executives with skills and competence to lead the party.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00645", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0016", "text": "We use two-band imaging data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope for a detailed study of NGC1533, an SB0 galaxy in the Dorado group surrounded by a ring of HI. NGC1533 appears to be completing a transition from late to early type: it is red, but not quite dead. Faint spiral structure becomes visible following galaxy subtraction, and luminous blue stars can be seen in isolated areas of the disk. Dust is visible in the color map in the region around the bar, and there is a linear color gradient throughout the disk. We determine an accurate distance from the surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) method, finding m-M = 31.44\\pm0.12 mag, or d = 19.4\\pm1.1 Mpc. We then study the globular cluster (GC) colors, sizes, and luminosity function (GCLF). Estimates of the distance from the median of the GC half-light radii and from the peak of the GCLF both agree well with the SBF distance. The GC specific frequency is S_N=1.3\\pm0.2, typical for an early-type disk galaxy. The color distribution is bimodal, as commonly observed for bright galaxies. There is a suggestion of the redder GCs having smaller sizes, but the trend is not significant. The sizes do increase significantly with galactocentric radius, in a manner more similar to the Milky Way GC system than to those in Virgo. This difference may be an effect of the steeper density gradients in loose groups as compared to galaxy clusters. Additional studies of early-type galaxies in low density regions can help determine if this is indeed a general environmental trend.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00022", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0017", "text": "GRBs generate an afterglow emission that can be detected from radio to X-rays during days, or even weeks after the initial explosion. The peak of this emission crosses the mm/submm range during the first hours to days, making their study in this range crucial for constraining the models. Observations have been limited until now due to the low sensitivity of the observatories in this range. We present observations of 10 GRB afterglows obtained from APEX and SMA, as well as the first detection of a GRB with ALMA, and put them into context with all the observations that have been published until now in the spectral range that will be covered by ALMA. The catalogue of mm/submm observations collected here is the largest to date and is composed of 102 GRBs, of which 88 had afterglow observations, whereas the rest are host galaxy searches. With our programmes, we contributed with data of 11 GRBs and the discovery of 2 submm counterparts. In total, the full sample, including data from the literature, has 22 afterglow detections with redshift ranging from 0.168 to 8.2. GRBs have been detected in mm/submm wavelengths with peak luminosities spanning 2.5 orders of magnitude, the most luminous reaching 10^33erg s^-1 Hz^-1. We observe a correlation between the X-ray brightness at 0.5 days and the mm/submm peak brightness. Finally we give a rough estimate of the distribution of peak flux densities of GRB afterglows, based on the current mm/submm sample. Observations in the mm/submm bands have been shown to be crucial for our understanding of the physics of GRBs, but have until now been limited by the sensitivity of the observatories. With the start of the operations at ALMA, the sensitivity will be increased by more than an order of magnitude. Our estimates predict that, once completed, ALMA will detect up to 98% of the afterglows if observed during the passage of the peak synchrotron emission.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 428, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00367", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0018", "text": "if enacted, would only repeal that tax expenditure. That bill shall clearly identify the amount of budget authority that is proposed to be rescinded for each program, project, or activity to which that budget authority relates. ``(2) In the case of an appropriation Act that includes accounts within the jurisdiction of more than one subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, the President in proposing to rescind budget authority under this section shall send a separate special message and accompanying draft bill for accounts within the jurisdiction of each such subcommittee. ``(3) Each special message shall specify, with respect to the budget authority proposed to be rescinded, the matters referred to in paragraphs (1) through (5) of section 1012(a). ``(c) Procedures for Expedited Consideration.-- ``(1)(A) Before the close of the second legislative day of the House of Representatives after the date of receipt of a special message transmitted to Congress under subsection (b), the majority leader or minority leader of the House of Representatives shall introduce (by request) the draft bill accompanying that special message. If the bill is not introduced as provided in the preceding sentence, then, on the third legislative day of the House of Representatives after the date of receipt of that special message, any Member of that House may introduce the bill. ``(B) The bill shall be referred to the Committee on Appropriations or the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, as appropriate. The committee shall report the bill without substantive revision and with or without recommendation. The bill shall be reported not later than the seventh legislative day of that House after the date of receipt of that special message. If the committee fails to report the bill within that period, that committee shall be automatically discharged from consideration of the bill, and the bill shall be placed on the appropriate calendar. ``(C) A vote on final passage of the bill shall be taken in the House of Representatives on or before the close of the tenth legislative day of that House after the date of the introduction of the bill in that House. If the bill is passed, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall cause the bill to be engrossed, certified, and transmitted to the Senate within one calendar day of the day on which the bill is passed. ``(2)(A) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed to the consideration of a bill under this section shall be highly privileged and not debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00866", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0019", "text": "It is a longstanding open problem to devise an oracle relative to which BQP does not lie in the Polynomial-Time Hierarchy (PH). We advance a natural conjecture about the capacity of the Nisan-Wigderson pseudorandom generator [NW94] to fool AC_0, with MAJORITY as its hard function. Our conjecture is essentially that the loss due to the hybrid argument (which is a component of the standard proof from [NW94]) can be avoided in this setting. This is a question that has been asked previously in the pseudorandomness literature [BSW03]. We then make three main contributions: (1) We show that our conjecture implies the existence of an oracle relative to which BQP is not in the PH. This entails giving an explicit construction of unitary matrices, realizable by small quantum circuits, whose row-supports are \"nearly-disjoint.\" (2) We give a simple framework (generalizing the setting of Aaronson [A10]) in which any efficiently quantumly computable unitary gives rise to a distribution that can be distinguished from the uniform distribution by an efficient quantum algorithm. When applied to the unitaries we construct, this framework yields a problem that can be solved quantumly, and which forms the basis for the desired oracle. (3) We prove that Aaronson's \"GLN conjecture\" [A10] implies our conjecture; our conjecture is thus formally easier to prove. The GLN conjecture was recently proved false for depth greater than 2 [A10a], but it remains open for depth 2. If true, the depth-2 version of either conjecture would imply an oracle relative to which BQP is not in AM, which is itself an outstanding open problem. Taken together, our results have the following interesting interpretation: they give an instantiation of the Nisan-Wigderson generator that can be broken by quantum computers, but not by the relevant modes of classical computation, if our conjecture is true.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 408, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00243", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0020", "text": "We present the first ever direct $N$-body computations of an old Milky Way globular cluster over its entire life time on a star-by-star basis. Using recent GPU hardware at Bonn University, we have performed a comprehensive set of $N$-body calculations to model the distant outer halo globular cluster Palomar 14 (Pal 14). By varying the initial conditions we aim at finding an initial $N$-body model which reproduces the observational data best in terms of its basic parameters, i.e. half-light radius, mass and velocity dispersion. We furthermore focus on reproducing the stellar mass function slope of Pal 14 which was found to be significantly shallower than in most globular clusters. While some of our models can reproduce Pal 14's basic parameters reasonably well, we find that dynamical mass segregation alone cannot explain the mass function slope of Pal 14 when starting from the canonical Kroupa initial mass function (IMF). In order to seek for an explanation for this discrepancy, we compute additional initial models with varying degrees of primordial mass segregation as well as with a flattened IMF. The necessary degree of primordial mass segregation turns out to be very high. This modelling has shown that the initial conditions of Pal 14 after gas expulsion must have been a half-mass radius of about 20 pc, a mass of about 50000 M$_{\\odot}$, and possibly some mass segregation or an already established non-canonical IMF depleted in low-mass stars. Such conditions might be obtained by a violent early gas-expulsion phase from an embedded cluster born with mass segregation. Only at large Galactocentric radii are clusters likely to survive as bound entities the destructive gas-expulsion process we seem to have uncovered for Pal 14. In addition we compute a model with a 5% primordial binary fraction to test if such a population has an effect on the cluster's evolution.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00267", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0021", "text": "A number of misunderstandings about modeling the apparent accelerated expansion of the Universe, and about the `weak singularity' are clarified: 1. Of the five definitions of the deceleration parameter given by Hirata and Seljak (HS), only $q_1$ is a correct invariant measure of acceleration/deceleration of expansion. The $q_3$ and $q_4$ are unrelated to acceleration in an inhomogeneous model. 2. The averaging over directions involved in the definition of $q_4$ does not correspond to what is done in observational astronomy. 3. HS's equation (38) connecting $q_4$ to the flow invariants gives self-contradictory results when applied at the centre of symmetry of the Lema\\^{\\i}tre-Tolman (L-T) model. The intermediate equation (31) that determines $q_{3'}$ is correct, but approximate, so it cannot be used for determining the sign of the deceleration parameter. Even so, at the centre of symmetry of the L-T model, it puts no limitation on the sign of $q_{3'}(0)$. 4. The `weak singularity' of Vanderveld {\\it et al.} is a conical profile of mass density at the centre - a perfectly acceptable configuration. 5. The so-called `critical point' in the equations of the `inverse problem' for a central observer in an L-T model is a manifestation of the apparent horizon - a common property of the past light cones in zero-lambda L-T models, perfectly manageable if the equations are correctly integrated.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00127", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0022", "text": "[Abridged] We investigate the detectability of the gravitational stochastic background produced by cosmological sources in scenarios of structure formation. The model considers the coalescences of three kind of binary systems: double neutron stars, the neutron star-black hole binaries, and the black hole-black hole systems. We also included the core-collapse supernovae leaving black holes as compact remnants. We use two different dark-energy scenarios, cosmological constant and Chaplygin gas, in order to verify their influence on the cosmic star formation rate, the coalescence rates, and on the gravitational wave backgrounds. We calculate the gravitational wave signals separately for each kind of source as well as we determine their collective contribution for the stochastic background of gravitational waves. Concerning to the compact binary systems, we verify that these sources produce stochastic backgrounds with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) ~ 1.5 (~ 0.90) for NS-NS, ~ 0.50 (~ 0.30) for NS-BH, ~ 0.20 (~ 0.10) for BH-BH for a pair of advanced LIGO detectors in the cosmological constant (Chaplygin gas) cosmology. Particularly, the sensitivity of the future third generation of detectors as the Einstein Telescope (ET) could increase the present signal-to-noise ratios by a high-factor (~ 300 - 1000) when compared to the (S/N) calculated for advanced LIGO detectors. Thus, the third generation of gravitational wave detectors could be used to reconstruct the history of star formation in the Universe as well as for contributing with the characterization of the dark energy, for example, identifying if there is evidence for the evolution of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w(a).", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 353, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00488", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0023", "text": "-star, Vin Diesel, and that the two of them had been butting heads on set like two rams attempting to establish dominance, which is a lot of fun to picture, like, for real. August 11, 2016 — Tyrese takes a side Three days after The Rock’s post, with drama percolating and the world — mostly me — fascinated by the developing feud, Tyrese goes on Instagram and takes a side in an ellipses-filled post. Our brotherhood and every moment has inspired me to be a better man and father…. So much strength to pull from….. I’m so f-cking proud to call you my family and my brother…. even now I’m learning so much about sitting still and being centered in the mist of all of this unexpected energy……. I’ve always said that if ONLY people knew how hard you work to protect this franchise and characters, minds would be blown The post doesn’t mention anyone by name, but its message is clear. Tyrese is Team Vin. August 19, 2016 — A curious omission Damage control is underway. While no one has officially backtracked, both sides have attempted to cool things off a bit. The Rock says conflict can be a good thing. There were reports of a secret meeting between him and Vin Diesel. Things appeared to be calming down. But then The Rock posted the above message on Instagram, in which he shouted out pretty much everyone involved in the film except Vin Diesel. Was this an innocent omission? Or was it a subliminal shot? Many members of the media — still just me — stay awake at night wondering what it all means, and if their — my — dads will ever stop fighting.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00560", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0024", "text": "The paper tackles the power of randomization in the context of locality by analyzing the ability to`boost' the success probability of deciding a distributed language. The main outcome of this analysis is that the distributed computing setting contrasts significantly with the sequential one as far as randomization is concerned. Indeed, we prove that in some cases, the ability to increase the success probability for deciding distributed languages is rather limited. Informally, a (p,q)-decider for a language L is a distributed randomized algorithm which accepts instances in L with probability at least p and rejects instances outside of L with probability at least q. It is known that every hereditary language that can be decided in t rounds by a (p,q)-decider, where p^2+q>1, can actually be decided deterministically in O(t) rounds. In one of our results we give evidence supporting the conjecture that the above statement holds for all distributed languages. This is achieved by considering the restricted case of path topologies. We then turn our attention to the range below the aforementioned threshold, namely, the case where p^2+q\\leq1. We define B_k(t) to be the set of all languages decidable in at most t rounds by a (p,q)-decider, where p^{1+1/k}+q>1. It is easy to see that every language is decidable (in zero rounds) by a (p,q)-decider satisfying p+q=1. Hence, the hierarchy B_k provides a spectrum of complexity classes between determinism and complete randomization. We prove that all these classes are separated: for every integer k\\geq 1, there exists a language L satisfying L\\in B_{k+1}(0) but L\\notin B_k(t) for any t=o(n). In addition, we show that B_\\infty(t) does not contain all languages, for any t=o(n). Finally, we show that if the inputs can be restricted in certain ways, then the ability to boost the success probability becomes almost null.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 424, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00474", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0025", "text": "If your heart stops beating, you’ll keep tweeting. Suggesting you can still communicate through social media once you’re dead sounds like an episode of futuristic series “Black Mirror,” but living forever through our Facebook pages could happen within the decade. Researchers from the University of Melbourne have studied how social media and death relate to each other and discovered the concept of social immortality. Currently, Google and Facebook use an algorithm to create a profile of us, to target us with certain marketing campaigns that match up with our interests. This same algorithm could work with other software to generate posts from our profiles after we die, allowing us to update our statuses and participate in online conversations. It’s a scary thought, but a number of sites have been launched dedicated to maintaining your social presence once you die. “We all pass away sooner or later. We only leave behind a few photos, maybe some home videos, or in rare situations, a diary or autobiography,” it says on EterniMe. “But eventually, we are all forgotten.” People can sign up to the website and it collects your thoughts, stories and memories. Emailfromdeath.com is another website people sign up to so they can write emails to be sent out after they die. “You store your emails and the website prompts you to respond with a password. If you fail to respond a number of times it assumes you’re dead and sends out the emails you’ve prepared to the recipients you nominated,” University of Melbourne History and Philosophy Science associate professor Michael Arnold told News.com.au. “It can send emails to relatives or data to business partners or emotional content.” Arnold said another website, DeadSocial, also allowed people to manage their social media from beyond the grave. “It takes it a step further,” he said. “It’s not simply emails but also social media posts on anything like Twitter, Facebook or blogs.” “You can nominate when you have a social presence, whether that be immediately after your death or later on. You might prepare media to be sent out on the first anniversary of your death or on the wedding of your young child, 10, 15 years down the track.” Not only can you leave posts for websites to publish, but social media will be able to generate its own content. Looking at your social media activity, your sense of humor and language, algorithms could create a social media post so you can continue to participate in discussions online. More advanced technology could even mimic your voice and make phone calls on your", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00823", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0026", "text": "imposed by paragraph (1) on any liquid held on the floor stocks tax date by any person if the aggregate amount of liquid held by such person on such date does not exceed 2,000 gallons. The preceding sentence shall apply only if such person submits to the Secretary (at the time and in the manner required by the Secretary) such information as the Secretary shall require for purposes of this subparagraph. (B) Exempt fuel.--For purposes of subparagraph (1), there shall not be taken into account fuel held by any person which is exempt from the tax imposed by paragraph (1) by reason of paragraph (4) or (5). (C) Controlled groups.--For purposes of this section-- (i) Corporations.-- (I) In general.--All persons treated as a controlled group shall be treated as 1 person. (II) Controlled group.--The term ``controlled group'' has the meaning given to such term by subsection (a) of section 1563 of such Code; except that for such purposes the phrase ``more than 50 percent'' shall be substituted for the phrase ``at least 80 percent'' each place it appears in such subsection. (ii) Nonincorporated persons under common control.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, principles similar to the principles of clause (i) shall apply to a group of persons under common control where 1 or more of such persons is not a corporation. (7) Other laws applicable.--All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by chapter 31 or 32 of such Code shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes imposed by paragraph (1) to the same extent as if such taxes were imposed by such chapter.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01028", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0027", "text": "If heaven and hell had a baby, it would be Bali. With its screensaver beaches, tropical climate and prices so low, you feel like you’re cheating the system ($27 a night for a three-star hotel, $1 for a fresh fruit smoothie), the Island of the Gods is the closest thing to paradise on earth. But Bali, despite its natural splendor and affordability, is no Eden. It’s to Australians what Cancun is to Americans, what Ibiza is to Europeans. It attracts more than its share of hedonists who come for spring break year-round. INDONESIAN BOOZE BAN MAY HURT BALI TOURISM Expand / Contract A vendor sells fruit in a bustling Balinese market. (Taylor Jenson) In 2015, Bali welcomed 4 million foreign visitors — one traveler per resident. By 2020, Indonesia’s Ministry of Tourism aims to host 20 million — an ambitious goal, especially if the country’s House of Representatives passes a proposed alcohol ban that could impose sentences of up to 10 years in prison for producing, selling or consuming alcohol. But even if the law passes, the ministry is confident that Bali’s appeal will not be diminished. In that regard, it has an impressive track record. This is the same place that bounced back after deadly terrorist bombings in 2002 and 2005 and weathered a public relations storm in 2015 when two Australians were executed for drug trafficking. The State Department has warned of potential crime related issues for travelers noting that “organized crime remains a problem in Indonesia, most notably drug dealing and trafficking in persons.” But would an alcohol ban really curb any crime-related incidents? The Islamic groups who support the bill think it will help curb damage incurred from drunken tourists, but the head of the Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Association, Hariyadai Sukamdani, told The Jakarta Post that “their business will be done” if the bill passes. But not all foreigners would be turned off by an alcohol-free vacation in paradise. Taylor Jenson, a 28-year-old photographer from Colorado who returned from a vacation in Bali last month, said an alcohol ban wouldn’t affect his decision to return. “Alcohol is definitely a large part of the tourism culture there, but Bali has much more to offer than just partying,” he said. “The people, the food and the waves all outweigh alcohol.” Jenson said he was never offered drugs or women in Bali, though he", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00733", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0028", "text": "If the number of such children is greater than or equal to 150 and less than 300, then the amount is $40,000. ``(D) If the number of such children is greater than or equal to 300 and less than 450, then the amount is $50,000. ``(E) If the number of such children is greater than or equal to 450 and less than 600, then the amount is $60,000. ``(3) Census determination.-- ``(A) In general.--Each local educational agency desiring a grant under this section shall conduct a census not later than December 1 of each year to determine the number of kindergarten through grade 12 students in average daily attendance at the schools served by the local educational agency. ``(B) Submission.--Each local educational agency shall submit the number described in subparagraph (A) to the Secretary not later than March 1 of each year. ``(4) Penalty.--If the Secretary determines that a local educational agency has knowingly submitted false information under paragraph (3) for the purpose of gaining additional funds under this section, then the local educational agency shall be fined an amount equal to twice the difference between the amount the local educational agency received under this section, and the correct amount the local educational agency would have received under this section if the agency had submitted accurate information under paragraph (3). ``(d) Disbursal.--The Secretary shall disburse the funds awarded to a local educational agency under this section for a fiscal year not later than July 1 of that year. ``(e) Special Rule.--Any local educational agency that receives a grant under this section for a fiscal year shall be ineligible to receive funds for the fiscal year under the following provisions of law: ``(1) Subpart 2 of part A of title III. ``(2) Subpart 1 of part A of title VII. ``(3) Subpart 2 of part A of title VII. ``(4) Section 7142. ``(5) Part A of title X. ``(6) Part B of title X. ``(7) Part I of title X. ``(f) Supplement Not Supplant.--Funds made available under this section shall be used to supplement and not supplant any other Federal, State or local education funds. ``SEC. 10975. ACCOUNTABILITY. ``(a) Academic Achievement.-- ``(1) In general.--Each local educational agency that uses or receives funds under section 10973 or 10974", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00884", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0029", "text": "We study the production of gamma rays via LSP annihilations in the core of the Galaxy as a possible experimental signature of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), in which supersymmetry-breaking parameters are assumed to be universal at the GUT scale, assuming also that the LSP is the lightest neutralino chi. The part of the CMSSM parameter space that is compatible with the measured astrophysical density of cold dark matter is known to include a stau_1 - chi coannihilation strip, a focus-point strip where chi has an enhanced Higgsino component, and a funnel at large tanb where the annihilation rate is enhanced by the poles of nearby heavy MSSM Higgs bosons, A/H. We calculate the total annihilation rates, the fractions of annihilations into different Standard Model final states and the resulting fluxes of gamma rays for CMSSM scenarios along these strips. We observe that typical annihilation rates are much smaller in the coannihilation strip for tanb = 10 than along the focus-point strip or for tanb = 55, and that the annihilation branching ratios differ greatly between the different dark matter strips. Whereas the current Fermi-LAT data are not sensitive to any of the CMSSM scenarios studied, and the calculated gamma-ray fluxes are probably unobservably low along the coannihilation strip for tanb = 10, we find that substantial portions of the focus-point strips and rapid-annihilation funnel regions could be pressured by several more years of Fermi-LAT data, if understanding of the astrophysical background and/or systematic uncertainties can be improved in parallel.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 338, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00338", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0030", "text": "If you could create anything at all, how would you make your mark on your town? This is the question asked by Wigan-based artist Jess Rotherham, who is calling for the community to explore their artistic flair as part of a new visual project. Jess, 25, is one of eight artists-in-residence as part of Wigan Council’s Imago programme and is leading on the project ‘Ideas for a town’, which encourages the residents to take ownership of the places that they live through art. Members of the public can sculpt, draw or write about their ideas before handing them into their local library or taking a photograph and uploading to the project blog. All submissions will then be included in Jess’ open exhibition from March 10 in Wigan Library. Jess said: “I am really keen to work with people who don’t necessarily engage with art on a daily basis. “Ideas don’t have to make sense and they don’t have to be realistic – I just want to give everybody the opportunity to be an artist. “I’m excited for what is an eclectic exhibition that has been contributed to by the whole community regardless of age, gender or background.” Sculpture packs can be picked up from the Grand Arcade or Wigan Library’s mezzanine, which have all the materials needed including a backdrop, clay and figurines. There have been more than 60 submissions so far with ideas such as a tower of pies, a brick maze and even a spaceship. For those who would like to work with Jess directly on their submission, there will be a free drop-in workshop on Monday, February 19, suitable for all ages at the Museum of Wigan Life, from 11am to 12.30pm. Alternatively, visit the blog at www.ideasforatown.tumblr.com for more information or to submit your ideas.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 374, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00786", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0031", "text": "We study possible correlations between ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), observed by Auger, AGASA and Yakutsk, and nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and $Fermi$ sources. We consider the deflection effects by a Galactic magnetic field (GMF) model constrained by the most updated measurements. We found that the average deflection angles of UHECRs by the Galactic magnetic fields are less than $4^\\circ$. A correlation between the Auger cosmic-ray events and nearby AGNs with a significance level of $\\sim 4\\sigma$ was found for the Auger UHECR data sets with or without deflection correction. No correlation was found between the AGASA/Yakutsk events with nearby AGNs. Marginal correlations between the Auger events and the $Fermi$ sources, and between AGASA events and $Fermi$ AGNs were found when the deflections calculated by the GMF model were considered. However, no correlation was found between the Yakutsk data and $Fermi$ sources. Some $Fermi$ sources are close to the arrival directions of UHECR events detected by Auger, AGASA, and Yakutsk, most of which are probably chance coincidence rather than objects producing UHECRs in the nearby Universe. Four $Fermi$ sources, NGC 4945, ESO 323-G77, NGC 6951, and Cen A, within 100~Mpc have UHECR events within $3.1^{\\circ}$ from their positions, which could potentially be cosmic ray accelerators. However, the association can only be confirmed if more UHECRs are preferably detected in these directions.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 357, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00216", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0032", "text": "food or water dish. “Wherever germs have a moist environment, they are going to thrive,” Martin says. “Our own mouth flora is getting on the mouthpiece and marinating there.” Funnily enough, Martin admits to being just as guilty as the next person of not washing her water bottle every day. “I’m more concerned about sharing my water bottle with someone else than ingesting my own germs.” To keep from drinking anything but your own mouth germs, try to avoid touching the mouthpiece directly with your hands. For cleanliness, get two (or more) water bottles, she says. That way, you’ll always have a newly cleaned one at your disposal after washing the other one. Earbuds Can’t run without music? The more often you use your earbuds, the greater your chances of an ear infection, according to one study from Indian researchers. It found that, by increasing the temperature and humidity of the ear canal as well as causing small skin abrasions within the ear, earbuds create the perfect introduction for microorganisms to enter the body. Plus, think about it, where are your earbuds right now? Crumpled up in the bottom of a sweaty gym bag, perhaps? You could use an anti-microbial wipe or clean off those earbuds with a paper towel using just about any cleaner. Don’t drench the device as you don’t want extra moisture to get inside and cause them to go on the fritz. Also, for earbuds that have silicone tips, you can take them off and clean then separately. So, obviously earbuds aren’t for sharing. And if the germs don’t gross you out, the earwax they are covered in should.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00757", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0033", "text": "If we can't beat online radicals, why not ban them? For much of the Obama presidency, the State Department waged a narrative war against the world’s jihadists. Through a small office known as the Center for Strategic Counterterrorism Communications, a... Jihadis are obsessed with American al Qaeda leader's old sermon It was a chilling prediction issued as part of a propaganda video intended to fuel hatred between Muslims and the West. Now jihadis claim the words of American-born al Qaeda... Ohio State attacker likely inspired by ISIS videos, FBI says The 18-year-old Somali refugee who drove a car into a group of fellow Ohio State students — and then slashed at them with a butcher knife — likely received “inspiration”... The secret sex life of one of al Qaeda's most fearsome members With the exception of Osama bin Laden, Anwar al-Awlaki was the most fearsome member of al Qaeda ever faced by the United States. The American-born Awlaki preached jihad from Yemen... Al-Qaeda recruiter gets 22 years in prison A Nigerian national who served as a propagandist and recruiter for late al-Qaeda leader Anwar al-Awlaki was ​hit with a 22 year prison term Wednesday in Brooklyn federal court. Lawal... How the CIA set a terrorist up with 'groupie' for marriage — and death In September 2009, Morten Storm, a young Danish national-turned-Islamic jihadist, flew to Yemen to visit an old friend — Anwar al-Awlaki, the American-born terrorist leading al Qaeda in Yemen. Awlaki had...", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 316, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00821", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0034", "text": "a description of the steps being taken to implement the North-South Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula; (11) an assessment of the participation by North Korea in talks between North Korea and the Republic of Korea; and (12) a description of any action taken by the President under section 6(a)(2). (b) Form of Report.--To the maximum extent possible, the President should submit the report in unclassified form. SEC. 13. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) Agreed framework.--The term ``Agreed Framework'' means the document entitled ``Agreed Framework Between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea'', signed October 21, 1994, at Geneva, and the attached Confidential Minute. (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committees on Foreign Relations and Armed Services of the Senate and the Committees on International Relations and National Security of the House of Representatives. (3) IAEA safeguards.--The term ``IAEA safeguards'' means the safeguards set forth in an agreement between a country and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as authorized by Article III(A)(5) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency. (4) North korea.--The term ``North Korea'' means the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, including any agency or instrumentality thereof. (5) Inspections.--The term ``inspections'' means inspections conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency pursuant to an IAEA safeguards agreement, including special inspection of undeclared information or locations if the IAEA cannot account for nuclear material and is therefore unable to verify that there has been no diversion of nuclear materials.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00909", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0035", "text": "Let A be the adjacency matrix of a graph $X$ and suppose U(t)=exp(itA). We view A as acting on $\\cx^{V(X)}$ and take the standard basis of this space to be the vectors $e_u$ for $u$ in $V(X)$. Physicists say that we have perfect state transfer from vertex $u$ to $v$ at time $\\tau$ if there is a scalar $\\gamma$ such that $U(\\tau)e_u = \\gamma e_v$. (Since $U(t)$ is unitary, $\\norm\\gamma=1$.) For example, if $X$ is the $d$-cube and $u$ and $v$ are at distance $d$ then we have perfect state transfer from $u$ to $v$ at time $\\pi/2$. Despite the existence of this nice family, it has become clear that perfect state transfer is rare. Hence we consider a relaxation: we say that we have pretty good state transfer from $u$ to $v$ if there is a complex number $\\gamma$ and, for each positive real $\\epsilon$ there is a time $t$ such that $\\norm{U(t)e_u - \\gamma e_v} < \\epsilon$. Again we necessarily have $|\\gamma|=1$. Godsil, Kirkland, Severini and Smith showed that we have have pretty good state transfer between the end vertices of the path $P_n$ if and only $n+1$ is a power of two, a prime, or twice a prime. (There is perfect state transfer between the end vertices only for $P_2$ and $P_3$.) It is something of a surprise that the occurrence of pretty good state transfer is characterized by a number-theoretic condition. In this paper we study double-star graphs, which are trees with two vertices of degree $k+1$ and all other vertices with degree one. We prove that there is never perfect state transfer between the two vertices of degree $k+1$, and that there is pretty good state transfer between them if and only if $4k+1$ is a perfect square.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 444, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00459", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0036", "text": "some people make it out to be.” He could think of only one time he was genuinely worried about his game. McIlroy was 19 and in his first full year as a pro in 2008. He had only two top 10s all year on the European Tour. He wasn’t eligible for any of the majors. He had missed three straight cuts in Sweden, Holland and Scotland. He was concerned he might lose his card. And then he lost in a playoff in Switzerland, lost in another playoff in Hong Kong and won his first pro event early in the next year. “And I was off and running,” he said. McIlroy reached No. 50 with that playoff loss in Hong Kong, and he hasn’t fallen out since then. He’s had a few dips, sure, “but it’s not as if I’ve had to panic.” Palmer and McIlroy share one other connection, at least for now. They are one leg short of the Grand Slam. Palmer never won the PGA Championship. McIlroy needs the Masters. When they had dinner at Bay Hill in 2015 — right before McIlroy’s first crack at the fourth leg of the slam — the topic never came up. “It’s amazing to think, all that Arnold did in the game, he never won that Grand Slam,” McIlroy said. McIlroy at the Masters, Phil Mickelson at the U.S. Open and Jordan Spieth at the PGA Championship each have a chance at the career slam this year. “I’m glad to be part of that conversation, get the first shot at it in a few weeks,” McIlroy said. “So we’ll see how we go.” His game is never far away, even if it doesn’t look like it at times.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00664", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0037", "text": "If you’re still chasing the euphoria of the Great American Eclipse, and 2024 seems too long to wait, this month’s meteor showers might sate the craving. October is ripe for shooting stars. This Sunday, there’s the Draconid, and then a little later, the main event: the Orionid meteor shower. Meteor showers show snapshots of the past. As comets course through the sky, they burn up, shedding bits of debris. Those bits burn up as they fall to earth, producing the streaks of light we know as shooting stars. According to NASA, the Draconid meteor shower comes from the comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner. The Draconids, so called because they appear around the constellation Draco the Dragon, are expected to peak this Sunday, October 8. The Draconid meteor shower normally only provides 10 to 20 meteors per hour at its peak, but this year meteorologists predict that as many as 600 per hour will fall through the sky towards earth. As The New York Times notes, when you see a meteor shower, you’re actually seeing the remnants of the comet from the second-to-last time it showed up in Earth’s orbit. So you won't be seeing the remains of the Draconid from last time 21P/Giacobini-Zinner passed through earth's atmosphere, but from the time before. National Geographic estimates that there are an average of 21 meteor showers per year, mostly between August and December. The American Meteor Society keeps a detailed list of the meteor showers that are visible with the naked eye. And while this weekend's bright moonlight might make the Draconids hard to spot, the Orionids later this month should light up the skies. After the frenzy of eye care caution surrounding the eclipse and the warnings to under no circumstances look directly at the sun meteor-shower, stargazers can relax. According to The New York Times, it may actually be easiest to watch meteor showers through your own two eyes after letting them adjust to the dark night sky (NASA also regularly live streams the events for the public). If you can, get yourself to a spot away from the noise and lights of a city or town, somewhere where you can see the sky untainted. For the Draconids, point yourself north. Then, look up. No glasses necessary. Related Articles", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 484, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00573", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0038", "text": "if applicable, during the 1- year period beginning with the 1st date on which such State recognized same-sex marriages, civil unions, or registered domestic partnerships; and (B) provides a sworn affidavit that such parent was married to, or in a domestic partnership with, such individual throughout the 1-year period ending on the date of the application for child's insurance benefits. SEC. 5. NOTIFICATION OF CHANGES IN LAW; OUTREACH CAMPAIGN. (a) In General.--As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act but not later than December 31, 2014, the Commissioner of Social Security shall conduct a comprehensive and effective 3-year outreach campaign to encourage individuals newly eligible for benefits under title II of the Social Security Act as a result of changes in law relating to same-sex marriage and occurring on or after June 26, 2013, including this Act and the amendments made thereby, to apply for such benefits. Such outreach campaign shall include direct notification regarding such changes in law to current beneficiaries and to individuals approaching retirement. (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than December 31 of each of the 1st 3 calendar years beginning with 2015, the Commissioner of Social Security shall submit to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Finance of the Senate, and the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate a report that includes-- (1) a description of the educational and outreach activities conducted by the Commissioner of Social Security under subsection (a) during the preceding year; (2) the number of applications for benefits under title II of the Social Security Act filed as a result of changes in law relating to same-sex marriage and occurring on or after June 26, 2013, including this Act and the amendments made thereby, in the preceding year; and (3) the number of such applications which resulted in entitlement to benefits.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 399, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00896", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0039", "text": "An edge coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,2,\\ldots ,t$ is called an interval $t$-coloring if for each $i\\in \\{1,2,\\ldots,t\\}$ there is at least one edge of $G$ colored by $i$, and the colors of edges incident to any vertex of $G$ are distinct and form an interval of integers. A graph $G$ is interval colorable, if there is an integer $t\\geq 1$ for which $G$ has an interval $t$-coloring. Let $\\mathfrak{N}$ be the set of all interval colorable graphs. In 2004 Kubale and Giaro showed that if $G,H\\in \\mathfrak{N}$, then the Cartesian product of these graphs belongs to $\\mathfrak{N}$. Also, they formulated a similar problem for the lexicographic product as an open problem. In this paper we first show that if $G\\in \\mathfrak{N}$, then $G[nK_{1}]\\in \\mathfrak{N}$ for any $n\\in \\mathbf{N}$. Furthermore, we show that if $G,H\\in \\mathfrak{N}$ and $H$ is a regular graph, then strong and lexicographic products of graphs $G,H$ belong to $\\mathfrak{N}$. We also prove that tensor and strong tensor products of graphs $G,H$ belong to $\\mathfrak{N}$ if $G\\in \\mathfrak{N}$ and $H$ is a regular graph.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00177", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0040", "text": "TORONTO — A judge has ruled that a class-action lawsuit can proceed against the Royal Winnipeg Ballet and a photographer who is alleged to have taken intimate photos of students. Lawyer Margaret Waddell says about 60 people have been identified so far as potential class-action members in the lawsuit against the ballet company and Bruce Monk, who worked as a photographer between 1984 and 2015. The lead plaintiff, Sarah Doucet, alleges Monk pressured her into letting him take semi-nude photos of her as a teenager and then distributed them. The allegations have not been proven in court, and both Monk and the ballet company have filed statements of defence denying the accusations. Police investigated a complaint against Monk in 2015 but no charges were laid. The recent decision by an Ontario Superior Court justice certifies Doucet's case as a class-action lawsuit, although the defendants have 30 days to appeal the ruling. \"To date, 53 former students have contacted (Doucet's lawyer) self-identifying as potential class members, or they have been identified by the witnesses on this motion as students whose photographs are on the internet and who may have been photographed by Mr. Monk in a private setting,\" the ruling states. Lawyers for Monk and the Royal Winnipeg Ballet were not immediately available for comment Wednesday. Waddell said there are still a few steps before the lawsuit can be heard. \"We have to get notice out to the class members, to let everybody know that the action has been certified ,and they have an opportunity to decide if they want to exclude themselves,\" Waddell said.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00596", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0041", "text": "MIAMI (AP) — School district officials in Florida said they followed standard protocol last week when a 7-year-old boy was placed in handcuffs and removed from his school — and they say it was the second time since the school year began that the first-grader had to be restrained following aggressive behavior. The latest episode occurred Thursday, when a teacher at the Coral Way K-8 Center in Miami told the boy to stop playing with his food in the cafeteria. When the child refused to stop, he was taken from the cafeteria, according to an incident report from Miami-Dade County Public Schools police officer Munick Soriano. The report said the boy hit the teacher repeatedly in the back when they were in a hallway outside the cafeteria. The child continued punching and kicking the teacher until they both fell on the ground, according to the report, which also said he grabbed her hair. The boy was hospitalized briefly at Miami Children's Hospital under the Florida Mental Health Act, based on behavioral criteria that indicated he could pose a threat to himself or others, school district officials said. Authorities later said it was the second time officers had resorted to handcuffing the student under the same law. The child's mother, Mercy Alvarez, said her son doesn't have a mental disorder. Instead, she called what happened to her son \"police abuse.\" \"If my child wasn't aggressive anymore when we got there, like they were saying he was before, why take such extreme measures?\" she said. Alvarez said her child didn't show aggressive behavior at home until the school year started; she said in past years he had gotten good grades, participated in other activities and behaved well. \"This is too much for a boy that age to go through. It can't be a normal procedure,\" she said. Alvarez recorded the incident last week with her cellphone and shared it on Facebook, where it has been viewed nearly 3 million times. In his report, Soriano wrote that another teacher and several students witnessed the incident, which was also captured on the school's surveillance camera. The boy's parents were notified and came to the school, the report said. The child's father agreed with school officials that the child should be taken to a mental health facility, the report said. But the mother disagreed, telling officials nothing was wrong with her son. Alvarez said the officer was threatening to take the child to jail if they didn't agree to have him taken to a mental health facility for an evaluation.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00513", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0042", "text": "Why it matters to you Norton Point has a pair of sunglasses that will appeal to the environmental conservatist in you -- not only are they made of recycled sea plastic, but the company behind them is also dedicated to cleaning the oceans. Ocean plastic never looked as good as it does on your face. Thanks to Norton Point, the recyclable trash found in the sea is being turned into glasses that help you see a bit better in the sun. The Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts-based company is the first to develop a line of eyewear made from recovered high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ocean plastics. The result? Shades that’ll make you feel as good as you look. “We believe that the 8 million metric tons of plastic flowing into our oceans is one of our planet’s greatest environmental challenges, and we have chosen to become part of the solution,” the company said in its Kickstarter campaign, which ultimately raised an impressive $55,367 from 509 backers. But Norton Point wants to do more than just rid the oceans of this plastic — rather, it wants to repurpose it in the name of fashion. More: Skelmet scans your face to 3D-print feather-light sunglasses with the perfect fit The sunglasses themselves are chic, well-designed pieces for both men and women that would certainly complement just about any style or aesthetic. But when you buy a pair of sunglasses from Norton Point, you’re doing a lot more than making a purchase – you’re helping fulfill a promise. “For every product, we sell we are committing to you to clean up 1 pound of plastic from the ocean,” Norton Point said. “We have also chosen to give back 5 percent of net profits to global cleanup, education, and remediation practices,” specifically to organizations like the Ocean Conservancy. “As a company, our mission is to help create a value chain for the reuse of ocean plastic,” the company noted on Kickstarter. Without a sustainable solution to reducing the tons of plastic that enter our planet’s bodies of water every year, the ocean could contain one pound of plastic for every three pounds of fish by 2025. But not if Norton Point has anything to say about it.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 441, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00721", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0043", "text": "We study quasi-geostrophic turbulence and plasma drift turbulence within the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima (CHM) model. We focus, theoretically and using numerical simulations, on conservation of {\\em zonostrophy} and on its role in the formation of the zonal jets. The zonostrophy invariant was first predicted in \\cite{perm,BNZ_invariant} in two special cases -- large-scale turbulence and anisotropic turbulence. Papers \\cite{perm,BNZ_invariant} also predicted that the three invariants, energy, enstrophy and zonostrophy, will cascade anisotropically into non-intersecting sectors in the $k$-space, so that the energy cascade is \"pushed\" into the large-scale zonal scales. In the present paper, we consider the scales much less than the Rossby deformation radius and generalise the Fj{\\o}rtoft argument of \\cite{perm,BNZ_invariant} to find the directions of the three cascades in this case. For the first time, we demonstrate numerically that zonostrophy is well conserved by the CHM model, and that the energy, enstrophy and zonostrophy cascade as prescribed by the Fj{\\o}rtoft argument if the nonlinearity is sufficiently weak. Moreover, numerically we observe that zonostrophy is conserved surprisingly well at late times and the triple-cascade picture is rather accurate even if the initial nonlinearity is strong.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00136", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0044", "text": "We have investigated planetary accretion from planetesimals in terrestrial planet regions inside the ice line around M dwarf stars through N-body simulations including tidal interactions with disk gas. Because of low luminosity of M dwarfs, habitable zones (HZs) are located in inner regions. In the close-in HZ, type-I migration and the orbital decay induced by eccentricity damping are efficient according to the high disk gas density in the small orbital radii. In the case of full efficiency of type-I migration predicted by the linear theory, we found that protoplanets that migrate to the vicinity of the host star undergo close scatterings and collisions, and 4 to 6 planets eventually remain in mutual mean motion resonances and their orbits have small eccentricities and they are stable both before and after disk gas decays. In the case of slow migration, the resonant capture is so efficient that densely-packed ~ 40 small protoplanets remain in mutual mean motion resonances. In this case, they start orbit crossing, after the disk gas decays and eccentricity damping due to tidal interaction with gas is no more effective. Through merging of the protoplanets, several planets in widely-separated non-resonant orbits with relatively large eccentricities are formed. Thus, the final orbital configurations of the terrestrial planets around M dwarfs sensitively depend on strength of type-I migration. We also found that large amount of water-ice is delivered by type-I migration from outer regions and final planets near the inner disk edge around M dwarfs are generally abundant in water-ice except for the innermost one that is shielded by the outer planets, unless type-I migration speed is reduced by a factor of more than 100 from that predicted by the linear theory.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 353, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00133", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0045", "text": "tree and broke through a guardrail before ending up in an embankment on the side of the westbound 91 freeway in Buena Park on Friday morning. The driver reportedly had to be rescued from the rig but, it was unclear if he was injured. (Photo by Ken Steinhardt, Orange County Register/SCNG) A La Palma Police officer and a California Highway Patrol officer look at a big rig that hit a tree and broke through a guardrail before ending up in an embankment on the side of the westbound 91 freeway in Buena Park on Friday morning. The driver reportedly had to be rescued from the rig but, it was unclear if he was injured. (Photo by Ken Steinhardt, Orange County Register/SCNG) Firefighters look inside the cab of a big rig that hit a tree and broke through a guardrail before ending up in an embankment on the side of the westbound 91 freeway in Buena Park on Friday morning. The driver reportedly was rescued from the rig but, it was unclear if he was injured. (Photo by Ken Steinhardt, Orange County Register/SCNG) Firefighters look inside the cab of a big rig that hit a tree and broke through a guardrail before ending up in an embankment on the side of the westbound 91 freeway in Buena Park on Friday morning. The driver reportedly was rescued from the rig but, it was unclear if he was injured. (Photo by Ken Steinhardt, Orange County Register/SCNG) With his helmet showing signs of fighting many fires, Orange County Fire Authority firefighter George Robledo returns to his truck after looking inside the cab of a big rig that hit a tree and broke through a guardrail before ending up in an embankment on the side of the westbound 91 freeway in Buena Park on Friday morning. The driver reportedly was rescued from the rig but, it was unclear if he was injured. (Photo by Ken Steinhardt, Orange County Register/SCNG) The overturned rig spilled landscaping mulch. Crews were working to clear the road of the debris and remove the truck from the embankment. The driver reportedly had to be rescued from the rig but, it was unclear if he was injured.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 458, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00578", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0046", "text": "The mSUGRA parameter space corresponding to light sleptons well within the reach of LHC and relatively light squarks and gluinos (mass $\\le$ 1 TeV) has three regions consistent with the WMAP data on dark matter relic density and direct mass bounds from LEP 2. Each region can lead to distinct leptonic signatures from squark-gluino events during the early LHC experiments (integrated luminosity $\\sim 10 ~fb^{-1}$ or even smaller). In the much studied stau-LSP coannihilation region with a vanishing common trilinear coupling ($A_0$) at the GUT scale a large fraction of the final states contain electrons and / or muons and $e$ - $\\mu$ - $\\tau$ universality holds to a good approximation. In the not so well studied scenarios with non-vanishing $A_0$ both LSP pair annihilation and stau-LSP coannihilation could contribute significantly to the dark matter relic density for even smaller squark-gluino masses. Our simulations indicate that the corresponding signatures are final states rich in $\\tau$-leptons while final states with electrons and muons are suppressed leading to a violation of lepton universality. These features may be observed to a lesser extent even in the modified parameter space (with non-zero $A_0$) where the coannihilation process dominates. We also show that the generic $m$-leptons + $n$-jets+ $\\not! E_T$ signatures without flavour tagging can also discriminate among the three scenarios. However, the signals become more informative if the $\\tau$ and $b$-jet tagging facilities at the LHC experiments are utilized.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00071", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0047", "text": "New and disturbing details have been released of the alleged abuse that led to the death of a 10-year-old boy in Lancaster.Prosecutors say Anthony Avalos suffered at least five days of sustained torture before his death on June 21, according to new court papers.Prosecutors add Anthony's mother, Heather Barron, and her boyfriend, Kareem Leiva are responsible for that torture.The torture included slamming the boy onto the bedroom floor, whipping him with a belt and cord, pouring hot sauce into his mouth and forbidding him to use the bathroom, according to the documents.Eight siblings witnessed and were forced to take part in some of the abuse, which according to the documents included making the other children fight Anthony and forcing the children keep watch \"so Anthony would remain standing or kneeling.\"Sheriff's deputies were called to Anthony's home a day before he died at a hospital. His mother said the boy had fallen down stairs.Anthony also had reddened eyes and numerous bruises, cuts and scrapes on his forehead, nose, mouth, cheek, neck, legs, shoulder, hips, back, buttocks, stomach, ankle, legs and foot.Since 2013, DCFS reported receiving at least a dozen referrals for possible physical, emotional and sexual abuse of the boy. No such reports had been made in the last two years. Authorities are reviewing the agency's response to those reports.Authorities said Avalos' sexuality may have been a motivating factor in his death.If convicted of the charges against her, Barron faces a possible maximum sentence of 22 years to life in state prison. Leiva faces 32 years to life if convicted.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00524", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0048", "text": "If damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs) contain even modest amounts of dust, the ultraviolet luminosity of the background quasar can be severely diminished. When the spectrum is redshifted, this leads to a bias in optical surveys for DLAs. Previous estimates of the magnitude of this effect are in some tension; in particular, the distribution of DLAs in the column-density -- metallicity plane has led to claims that we may be missing a considerable fraction of metal rich, high column density DLAs, whereas radio surveys do not unveil a substantial population of otherwise hidden systems. Motivated by this tension, we perform a Bayesian parameter estimation analysis of a simple dust obscuration model. We include radio and optical observations of DLAs in our overall likelihood analysis and show that these do not, in fact, constitute conflicting constraints. Our model gives statistical limits on the biasing effects of dust, predicting that only 7% of DLAs are missing from optical samples due to dust obscuration; at 2 sigma confidence, this figure takes a maximum value of 17%. This contrasts with recent claims that DLA incidence rates are underestimated by 30 -- 50%. Optical measures of the mean metallicities of DLAs are found to underestimate the true value by just 0.1 dex (or at most 0.4 dex, 2 sigma confidence limit), in agreement with the radio survey results of Akerman et al. The quantity most affected by dust biasing is the total cosmic density of metals in DLAs, Omega_{Z,DLA}, which is underestimated in optical surveys by a factor of approximately two. (Abridged.)", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00088", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0049", "text": "80 percent not later than September 30, 2023. (b) Reduction of Data Centers.--Not later than 6 months after the issuance of recommendations by the Director under subsection (a), the head of each executive agency shall implement the recommendations by reducing the number of Federal data centers in accordance with such recommendations. Subtitle B--Repeal of Duplicative Catfish Inspection Program SECTION 211. REPEAL OF DUPLICATIVE CATFISH INSPECTION PROGRAM. (a) In General.--Effective on the date of the enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.), section 11016 of such Act (Public Law 110-246; 122 Stat. 2130) and the amendments made by such section are repealed. (b) Application.--The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) and the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) shall be applied and administered as if section 11016 (Public Law 110-246; 122 Stat. 2130) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.) and the amendments made by such section had not been enacted. Subtitle C--Closing Empty Bank Accounts SEC. 221. DOCUMENTING AND CLOSING LONG-EMPTY FEDERAL BANK ACCOUNTS. (a) Inspectors General Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency shall submit to Congress a report that-- (1) lists each bank account held by the United States Government that has a balance of zero dollars for 180 days or more; and (2) recommends which of these accounts should be immediately closed. (b) Closure of Accounts Required.--Not later than 7 days after the report is submitted under subsection (a), the head of each agency with a bank account recommended for closure in the report described in subsection (a) shall close each such account that is managed by the agency. (c) Agency Defined.--In this section, the term ``agency'' has the meaning given that term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 481, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00982", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0050", "text": "if necessary through amendment to its bylaws, measures recommended by the multistakeholder community to increase the transparency of ICANN deliberations and decisions, such as providing public access on the Internet to meetings of the board of directors and associated materials. (4) ICANN will adopt policies and procedures for disclosing to the public records and other information that are at least as protective of public access as the policies and procedures required by section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act). The policies and procedures adopted will include a means by which the denial of a request for access to records or other information may be appealed through the independent dispute resolution process described in paragraph (2)(I). (5) There will be established a private, nonprofit corporation, to be known as the IANA Consortium, that is financed and managed by the top-level domain registries and not by ICANN. (6) The IANA Consortium, and not ICANN, will-- (A) manage the content of the root zones; (B) select an entity to carry out the editing of the root zone files that-- (i) is separate from the IANA Consortium; and (ii) the IANA Consortium is satisfied demonstrates technical competence that is at least equal to that of VeriSign; and (C) oversee the performance of such entity in the editing of the root zone files. (7) There will be established within ICANN a body to be known as the Internet Freedom Panel, which shall be composed of representatives of the Internet community, including registrars, technology groups, and civil society. No member of the Panel will be selected by or represent a governmental or intergovernmental body. (8) The bylaws of ICANN will provide that the Internet Freedom Panel will have the power to review and to veto changes to the domain name system proposed by ICANN that the Panel considers to threaten freedom of expression, the openness, stability, resiliency, or security of the Internet, responsiveness to the user community, or other commitments undertaken by ICANN in the Affirmation of Commitments in effect between the NTIA and ICANN on the date of the enactment of this Act. Any such veto will be final and will not be subject to override by any director or officer of ICANN. (9) The entity selected by the IANA Consortium to carry out the editing of the root zone files in accordance with paragraph (6)(B) will", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00979", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0051", "text": "M31-RV was an extraordinarily luminous (~10^6 Lsun) eruptive variable, displaying very cool temperatures (roughly 1000 Kelvins) as it faded. The photometric behavior of M31-RV (and several other very red novae, i.e. luminous eruptive red variables) has led to several models of this apparently new class of astrophysical object. One of the most detailed models is that of \"mergebursts\": hypothetical mergers of close binary stars. These are predicted to rival or exceed the brightest classical novae in luminosity, but to be much cooler and redder than classical novae, and to become slowly hotter and bluer as they age. This prediction suggests two stringent and definitive tests of the mergeburst hypothesis. First, there should always be a cool red remnant, and NOT a hot blue remnant at the site of such an outburst. Second, the inflated envelope of a mergeburst event should be slowly contracting, hence it must display a slowly rising effective temperature. We have located a luminous, UV-bright object within 0.4 arcsec (1.5 sigma of the astrometric position) of M31-RV in archival WFPC2 images taken 10 years after the outburst: it resembles an old nova. Twenty years after the outburst, the object remains much too hot to be a mergeburst. Its behavior remains consistent with that of theoretical nova models which erupt on a low mass white dwarf. Future Hubble UV and visible images could determine if the M31-RV analogs (in M85 and in M99) are also behaving like old novae.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00259", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0052", "text": "(Abridged). We present new high spatial resolution narrowband imaging observations of extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) in four late-type, actively star forming edge-on spirals, obtained with ACS on-board HST. Our F658N (H-alpha) observations reveal a multitude of structures on both small and large scales. Whereas all four galaxies have been studied with ground-based telescopes before, here the small scale structure of the extended emission line gas is presented for the first time at a spatial resolution of 0.05\", corresponding to 5.0 pc at the mean distance to the target galaxies. The eDIG morphology is very different for all four targets, probably as a result of their different levels of star formation activity. We find that the morphology of the eDIG, in particular the break-up of diffuse emission into filaments in galaxy halos, shows a strong dependence on the level of star formation activity per unit area, and eDIG can be arranged into a morphological sequence. NGC4634 and NGC5775 have the highest SF rate per unit area in our sample and the observed morphology suggests that the break-up of the smooth eDIG layer into individual resolved filaments occurs only above a certain threshold of SF activity per unit area. Combined with ground-based data for samples that span a larger range of galaxy mass our results indicate that the gravitational potential also plays an important role in the eDIG morphology. In low-mass galaxies the gas can be expelled due to shallow gravitational potentials more easily and couple with strong star formation driven outflows on a local scale. This is in contrast to the more massive galaxies, which show smooth eDIG layers, unless they are powered by a superwind, as in the case of nucleated starburst galaxies.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00060", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0053", "text": "It is known that both quantum and classical cellular automata (CA) exist that are computationally universal in the sense that they can simulate, after appropriate initialization, any quantum or classical computation, respectively. Here we introduce a different notion of universality: a CA is called physically universal if every transformation on any finite region can be (approximately) implemented by the autonomous time evolution of the system after the complement of the region has been initialized in an appropriate way. We pose the question of whether physically universal CAs exist. Such CAs would provide a model of the world where the boundary between a physical system and its controller can be consistently shifted, in analogy to the Heisenberg cut for the quantum measurement problem. We propose to study the thermodynamic cost of computation and control within such a model because implementing a cyclic process on a microsystem may require a non-cyclic process for its controller, whereas implementing a cyclic process on system and controller may require the implementation of a non-cyclic process on a \"meta\"-controller, and so on. Physically universal CAs avoid this infinite hierarchy of controllers and the cost of implementing cycles on a subsystem can be described by mixing properties of the CA dynamics. We define a physical prior on the CA configurations by applying the dynamics to an initial state where half of the CA is in the maximum entropy state and half of it is in the all-zero state (thus reflecting the fact that life requires non-equilibrium states like the boundary between a hold and a cold reservoir). As opposed to Solomonoff's prior, our prior does not only account for the Kolmogorov complexity but also for the cost of isolating the system during the state preparation if the preparation process is not robust.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 344, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00258", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0054", "text": "Any physical channel of communication offers two potential reasons why its capacity (the number of bits it can transmit in a unit of time) might be unbounded: (1) Infinitely many choices of signal strength at any given instant of time, and (2) Infinitely many instances of time at which signals may be sent. However channel noise cancels out the potential unboundedness of the first aspect, leaving typical channels with only a finite capacity per instant of time. The latter source of infinity seems less studied. A potential source of unreliability that might restrict the capacity also from the second aspect is delay: Signals transmitted by the sender at a given point of time may not be received with a predictable delay at the receiving end. Here we examine this source of uncertainty by considering a simple discrete model of delay errors. In our model the communicating parties get to subdivide time as microscopically finely as they wish, but still have to cope with communication delays that are macroscopic and variable. The continuous process becomes the limit of our process as the time subdivision becomes infinitesimal. We taxonomize this class of communication channels based on whether the delays and noise are stochastic or adversarial; and based on how much information each aspect has about the other when introducing its errors. We analyze the limits of such channels and reach somewhat surprising conclusions: The capacity of a physical channel is finitely bounded only if at least one of the two sources of error (signal noise or delay noise) is adversarial. In particular the capacity is finitely bounded only if the delay is adversarial, or the noise is adversarial and acts with knowledge of the stochastic delay. If both error sources are stochastic, or if the noise is adversarial and independent of the stochastic delay, then the capacity of the associated physical channel is infinite.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00332", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0055", "text": "We describe natural K\\\"ahler or para-K\\\"ahler structures of the spaces of geodesics of pseudo-Riemannian space forms and relate the local geometry of hypersurfaces of space forms to that of their normal congruences, or Gauss maps, which are Lagrangian submanifolds. The space of geodesics L(S^{n+1}_{p,1}) of a pseudo-Riemannian space form S^{n+1}_{p,1} of non-vanishing curvature enjoys a K\\\"ahler or para-K\\\"ahler structure (J,G) which is in addition Einstein. Moreover, in the three-dimensional case, L(S^{n+1}_{p,1}) enjoys another K\\\"ahler or para-K\\\"ahler structure (J',G') which is scalar flat. The normal congruence of a hypersurface s of S^{n+1}_{p,1} is a Lagrangian submanifold \\bar{s} of L(S^{n+1}_{p,1}), and we relate the local geometries of s and \\bar{s}. In particular \\bar{s} is totally geodesic if and only if s has parallel second fundamental form. In the three-dimensional case, we prove that \\bar{s} is minimal with respect to the Einstein metric G (resp. with respect to the scalar flat metric G') if and only if it is the normal congruence of a minimal surface s (resp. of a surface s with parallel second fundamental form); moreover \\bar{s} is flat if and only if s is Weingarten.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00393", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0056", "text": "PDP region and shall not be considered to be such a plan purposes of meeting the requirements of this subsection. ``(ii) Designation as a fallback plan.-- Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, the Secretary may designate the medicare operated prescription drug plan as the fallback prescription drug plan for any fallback service area (as defined in section 1860D-11(g)(3)) determined to be appropriate by the Secretary.''. (2) Section 1860D-13(c)(3) of such Act, as added by such section, is amended-- (A) in the heading, by inserting ``and medicare operated prescription drug plans'' after ``Fallback plans''; and (B) by inserting ``or a medicare operated prescription drug plan'' after ``a fallback prescription drug plan''. (3) Section 1860D-16(b)(1) of such Act, as added by such section, is amended-- (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon at the end; (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and ``(E) payments for expenses incurred with respect to the operation of medicare operated prescription drug plans under section 1860D-11A.''. (4) Section 1860D-41(a) of such Act, as added by such section, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(19) Medicare operated prescription drug plan.--The term `medicare operated prescription drug plan' has the meaning given such term in section 1860D-11A(c).''. (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect as if included in the enactment of section 101 of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 376, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00844", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0057", "text": "We present HST/ACS observations of 19 nearby M subdwarfs in a search for binary systems. Other than the wide common proper motion pair LHS 2140/2139, none of our sdM and esdM targets are found to be binaries. Our survey is sensitive to equal-luminosity companions at close (2-8 AU) separations, while sub-stellar secondaries could have been detected at separations in the range of 6-30 AU. To check for wide binaries, we have compared the POSS I and II images in a field of view as large as 10'x10', but could not detect a single co-moving star for any of the targets. Combining our results with those from Gizis & Reid, we have a binary fraction of 3% (1/28). Detection of a small number of M subdwarf binaries reported in the literature suggests a higher fraction than the one obtained here, probably comparable to that found for the more massive solar-type stars in the halo (13-15%). Comparison with the disk M dwarf fraction (25%) however suggests multiplicity to be rare among the lowest mass halo stars, implying the two populations formed under different initial conditions. The low binary fraction in our survey could be explained by selection biases. A decrease in multiplicity has been observed in the disk for masses below 0.1Msun, the peak in the disk mass function (MF). The globular cluster MF is found to peak at about 0.33Msun, with a decrease in the number of stars per unit mass below the peak mass. Our sample being composed of stars with masses between ~0.2 and 0.085 Msun suggests that a decrease in multiplicity similar to the disk may also be true for the halo stars, but perhaps below a mass of ~0.3Msun. A higher M subdwarf binary fraction may be obtained if the selected primaries have masses near or higher than the peak in the MF.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 408, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00020", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0058", "text": "If your industry requires components to be 'functionally safe,' Imagination has a high-powered processor for you. Picture this: The networking stack on the main pump controller has crashed, and you need to reboot it -- but it's 20 meters underground, on another continent -- and there's no-one on site to hit'reset'. Or you're bowling along the highway and one of the processor cores in your self-driving car gets zapped by a cosmic ray (yes, this could actually happen). The software can't tell whether the resulting error is a transient glitch or a hardware fault, so limits you to 50 kilometers per hour for safety: No fun with a monster truck hurtling up behind you. Chip designers such as ARM and Imagination Technologies are applying industrial safety design techniques to their processor cores so that they can get themselves out of situations like this. You could soon feel the benefit even if you don't run a subterranean pumping station in Azerbaijan, nor yet have a self-driving car in your garage. Functionally safe We place a lot of faith in the processors in our internet of things, counting on the software they run to perform to spec in all circumstances. But there are problems that no amount of bounds checking, input sanitization or exception handling can fix. That's why manufacturers in many industries seek to make their products functionally safe -- that is, ensuring that they remain in a safe state and respond as expected, regardless of environment, inputs or hardware failures. There are even standards for how to do so: The generic IEC 61508 has variants for specific industries, including ISO 26262 for automotive manufacturing. It's one thing building such a system when you're designing or specifying every detail of every component yourself. Relying on an external suppliers for complex subsystems -- or your suppliers' supplier in the case of microprocessors designed by one company and built by another -- is something else entirely. The standards describe how to incorporate such components -- known as safety elements out of context (SEooCs) -- into functionally safe systems, and companies such as ARM and Imagination Technologies are applying them to their processor cores designs. ARM has offered functionally safe variants of some of its Cortex-R series processor designs for a couple of years now. These are processor cores designed for hard real-time applications, where a response must come within a fixed window of time. The blazing fast cores that you will find in computer vision applications or the latest flagship smartphones, though,", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00529", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0059", "text": "We present a study of the core of the Fe Ka emission line at ~6.4 keV in a sample of type II Seyfert galaxies observed by the Chandra High Energy Grating (HEG). The sample consists of 29 observations of 10 unique sources. We present measurements of the Fe Ka line parameters with the highest spectral resolution currently available. In particular, we derive the most robust intrinsic line widths for some of the sources in the sample to date. We obtained a weighted mean FWHM of 2000 \\pm 160 km/s for 8 out of 10 sources (the remaining sources had insufficient signal-to-noise). From a comparison with the optical emission-line widths obtained from spectropolarimetric observations, we found that the location of Fe Ka line-emitting material is a factor of ~0.7-11 times the size of the optical BLR. Furthermore, compared to 13 type I AGNs for which the best Fe Ka line FWHM constraints were obtained, we found no difference in the FWHM distribution or the mean FWHM, and this conclusion is independent of the central black hole mass. This result suggests that the bulk of the Fe Ka line emission may originate from a universal region at the same radius with respect to the gravitational radius, ~30,000 Rg on average. By examining the correlation between the Fe Ka luminosity and the [O IV] line luminosity, we found a marginal difference in the Fe K line flux between type I and type II AGNs, but the spread in the ratio of L(Fe) to L([O IV]) is about two orders of magnitude. Our results confirm the theoretical expectation that the Fe Ka emission-line luminosity cannot trivially be used as a proxy of the intrinsic AGN luminosity, unless a detailed comparison of the data with proper models is applied.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00351", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0060", "text": "WASHINGTON — Extending NAFTA negotiations into 2019 would prolong uncertainty for the Canadian economy and trim anticipated growth over the next year, says a forecast released Friday. Scotiabank estimates that the lingering doubts would shave 0.2 percentage points off Canada’s potential GDP, while the bank projects the country would still see modest economic growth of 2.3 per cent on the year. The timing question is increasingly relevant. With serious negotiating on the hardest issues just barely begun and national elections in Mexico and the U.S. later this year, conversations are turning to what might happen when the current schedule of talks concludes in March. One scenario involves the talks slowing down, then picking up again after the American congressional elections and after a new Mexican president has taken office in December, setting the stage for a final push for a deal in 2019. “The ongoing efforts to ‘renegotiate and modernize’ NAFTA look set to extend beyond the current end-March 2018 deadline,” said the Scotiabank forecast. “Difficult issues remain unsettled and the remainder of 2018 features a packed political calendar that could delay further talks.” The forecast says the U.S. will not experience any significant investment chill. But it says the lack of clarity could be felt more in Canada, and in Mexico. It echoes similar findings from the Bank of Canada. In its recent Monetary Policy Report, the central bank detected a slight slowdown in foreign companies’ building operations in Canada. It said the trend has been going on since 2016 and projected it would continue through 2019. “(This investment) has declined since mid-2016, especially from Europe but also from the United States,” said the report. “(It’s) a possible sign of the effects of the uncertainty around trade policy. Trade-policy uncertainty is expected to reduce the level of investment by about two per cent by the end of 2019.” The Canadian government has also cited concerns about a lingering cloud over investment as one reason to want an agreement soon. The cabinet member leading the negotiations made the point Friday. “We would like to get this deal done as quickly as possible,” Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland said in Mexico during a meeting with her North American counterparts. “Uncertainty is never good for business confidence.” That being said, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau added Friday that the country must be prepared to walk away from negotiations if it is offered a bad deal.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 495, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00656", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0061", "text": "Current expectations on the signal to noise ratios and masses of supermassive black holes which the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) can observe are based on using in matched filtering only the dominant harmonic of the inspiral waveform at twice the orbital frequency. Other harmonics will affect the signal-to-noise ratio of systems currently believed to be observable by LISA. More significantly, inclusion of other harmonics in our matched filters would mean that more massive systems that were previously thought to be {\\it not} visible in LISA should be detectable with reasonable SNRs. Our estimates show that we should be able to significantly increase the mass reach of LISA and observe the more commonly occurring supermassive black holes of masses $\\sim 10^8M_\\odot.$ More specifically, with the inclusion of all known harmonics LISA will be able to observe even supermassive black hole coalescences with total mass $\\sim 10^8 M_\\odot (10^9M_\\odot)$ (and mass-ratio 0.1) for a low frequency cut-off of $10^{-4}{\\rm Hz}$ $(10^{-5}{\\rm Hz})$ with an SNR up to $\\sim 60$ $(\\sim 30)$ at a distance of 3 Gpc. This is important from the astrophysical viewpoint since observational evidence for the existence of black holes in this mass range is quite strong and binaries containing such supermassive black holes will be inaccessible to LISA if one uses as detection templates only the dominant harmonic.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00001", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0062", "text": "If you’re an Earthling who plans on acquiring a Martian citizenship in the sorta kinda near future, bon voyage! Also, you’re going to want to hear the latest news on the Red Planet: A new study shows that “sideways tornadoes” helped shape the surface of Mars, and yeah, we’re totally nerding out. On the off chance that you, future Mars resident, have been out of the space loop, tornado sightings on Mars aren’t exactly new. Obviously, scientists have kept us well-informed on tornadoes that strike here on Earth, so naturally these Martian twisters have us just as intrigued. Back in 2012, NASA’s Martian Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) captured images of a tornado on Mars and enhanced it using video simulation. Needless to say, it’s pretty incredible. As Forbes reports, the crater rays aren’t visible during the day but when shown through a nighttime infrared view, they give off the appearance of massive, wide-reaching bright streaks due to the amount of heat they hold. According to Brown University geologist and the study’s lead author Peter Schultz, the large Martian crater rays that dot the planet’s surface at are attributed to these unique tornadoes. Schultz collaborated with graduate student Stephanie Quintana to determine the origin of the streaks. In the findings published in the journal Icarus, the pair found that once the surface is struck by an asteroid or other body, powerful vapor plumes rise and travel outward from the impact point at an extremely high speed. When the plumes make contact with a previously raised surface (such as with a pre-existing crater), it produces a “tornadic vortice,” which in turn, causes the streaks. “Where these vortices encounter the surface, they sweep away the small particles that sit loose on the surface, exposing the bigger blocky material underneath, and that’s what gives us these streaks,” Schultz said. Aside from being completely mind-blowing, the streaks left behind by these Martian tornadoes could help researchers understand more about the planet, including rates of erosion or whether ice was present when an impact occurred. We’re so addicted to all of this new info about Mars, and we’re not sorry about it.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 455, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00576", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0063", "text": "If you love bookshops, Parisian charm and an intriguing mystery, then this beguiling story could be your favourite summer read. Break open a bottle of vin rouge and get lost in the bittersweet life of American Leah Eady as she journeys through uncharted waters in search of her missing husband, and ends up finding both herself and a new way of life in the heart of the French capital. Paris by the Book – an enchanting portrait of both a lost soul and a magical city – comes from the pen of Liam Callanan from Wisconsin, an author, teacher and journalist whose first novel, The Cloud Atlas, was a finalist for an Edgar Award. Set in the Marais, a historic and fashionable district of Paris famous for its trendy restaurants, fashion houses and hip galleries, Callanan’s seductive blend of reading and romance peers between the pages of two French landmark books as a marriage and a mystery start to unravel in haunting and poignant style. Once a week, Leah Eady chases men in the hope that they might be her husband. It might sound bizarre but her story began nearly 20 years ago when she met and fell in love with aspiring and somewhat eccentric writer Robert Eady in their home town of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Their shared interest in classic children’s books, The Red Balloon by French author and film maker Albert Lamorisse, and the Madeline series by Austria-Hungary-born American writer Ludwig Bemelmans, was the spark that brought them together. Leah gave up her dreams of being a film maker when they married and she dedicated her life to becoming a loving, organised mother to their two daughters Daphne and Ellie while Robert pursued a career as a successful children’s book author. Over the years, Leah accepted that Robert would sometimes disappear for days on end for what she called his ‘writeaways,’ time and space alone to write. But in recent years, his career has been ‘taking one wrong turn after another’ and now he has walked out and not come back. The only clue to Robert’s whereabouts is the discovery of plane tickets to Paris and Leah sets off for France with her teenage daughters. There she discovers an unfinished manuscript, one Robert had been writing without her knowledge, and featuring a story set in Paris. Hoping to uncover more clues, Leah takes over a small, struggling English-language bookshop in the bustling Marais district, only to realise that Robert might just be closer than any of them had ever imagined…", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00585", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0064", "text": "Timing noise in the data on accretion-powered millisecond pulsars (AMP) appears as irregular pulse phase jumps on timescales from hours to weeks. A large systematic phase drift is also observed in the first discovered AMP SAX J1808.4-3658. To study the origin of these timing features, we use here the data of the well studied 2002 outburst of SAX J1808.4-3658. We develop first a model for pulse profile formation accounting for the screening of the antipodal emitting spot by the accretion disk. We demonstrate that the variations of the visibility of the antipodal spot associated with the receding accretion disk cause a systematic shift in Fourier phases, observed together with the changes in the pulse form. We show that a strong secondary maximum can be observed only in a narrow intervals of inner disk radii, which explains the very short appearance of the double-peaked profiles in SAX J1808.4-3658. By directly fitting the pulse profile shapes with our model, we find that the main parameters of the emitting spot such as its mean latitude and longitude as well as the emissivity pattern change irregularly causing small shifts in pulse phase, and the strong profile variations are caused by the increasing inner disk radius. We finally notice that significant variations in the pulse profiles in the 2002 and 2008 outbursts of SAX J1808.4-3658 happen at fluxes differing by a factor of 2, which can be explained if the inner disk radius is not a simple function of the accretion rate, but depends on the previous history.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00172", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0065", "text": "We study $k$-colored kernels in $m$-colored digraphs. An $m$-colored digraph $D$ has $k$-colored kernel if there exists a subset $K$ of its vertices such that (i) from every vertex $v\\notin K$ there exists an at most $k$-colored directed path from $v$ to a vertex of $K$ and (ii) for every $u,v\\in K$ there does not exist an at most $k$-colored directed path between them. In this paper, we prove that for every integer $k\\geq 2$ there exists a $% (k+1)$-colored digraph $D$ without $k$-colored kernel and if every directed cycle of an $m$-colored digraph is monochromatic, then it has a $k$-colored kernel for every positive integer $k.$ We obtain the following results for some generalizations of tournaments: (i) $m$-colored quasi-transitive and 3-quasi-transitive digraphs have a $k$% -colored kernel for every $k\\geq 3$ and $k\\geq 4,$ respectively (we conjecture that every $m$-colored $l$-quasi-transitive digraph has a $k$% -colored kernel for every $k\\geq l+1)$, and (ii) $m$-colored locally in-tournament (out-tournament, respectively) digraphs have a $k$-colored kernel provided that every arc belongs to a directed cycle and every directed cycle is at most $k$-colored.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00405", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0066", "text": "ING FOR OR VOLUNTEERING AT A STATE OR LOCAL AGENCY OPIOID OVERDOSE PROGRAM. (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (b), no individual who provides an opioid overdose drug shall be liable for harm caused by the emergency administration of an opioid overdose drug by another individual if the individual who provides such drug-- (1) works for or volunteers at an opioid overdose program; and (2) provides the opioid overdose drug as part of the opioid overdose program to an individual authorized by the program to receive an opioid overdose drug. (b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply if the harm was caused by the gross negligence or reckless misconduct of the individual who provides the drug. SEC. 7. LIMITATION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO ADMINISTER OPIOID OVERDOSE DRUGS. (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (b), no individual shall be liable for harm caused by the emergency administration of an opioid overdose drug to an individual who has or reasonably appears to have suffered an overdose from heroin or other opioid, if-- (1) the individual who administers the opioid overdose drug-- (A) obtained the drug from a health care professional or as part of an opioid overdose program; or (B) is doing so pursuant to a prescription for an opioid overdose drug under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355) or is licensed under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 262); and (2) was educated in accordance with section 5(a)(2) by the health care professional or an opioid overdose program. (b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to an individual if the harm was caused by the gross negligence or reckless misconduct of the individual who administers the drug.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 403, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00873", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0067", "text": "(A)), by striking ``provide for a reduction by 15 percent'' and all that follows and inserting the following: ``provide-- ``(A) for such cost reporting periods that begin before October 1, 2002, for an adjustment to the cost limits described in section 1861(v)(1)(L) of such Act so that the total amounts payable for such services in a fiscal year is equal to the greater of-- ``(i) the applicable amount (as defined in paragraph (2); or ``(ii) the total amount of payments for such services that would have been made in such fiscal year if such cost limits (as those limits would otherwise be in effect on September 30, 1999) had been reduced by 15 percent; and ``(B) for such cost reporting periods that begin on or after October 1, 2002, for a reduction by 15 percent in such cost limits (as so in effect).''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(2) Applicable amount defined.--In paragraph (1), the term `applicable amount' means the following amount: ``(A) For fiscal year 2000, $21,200,000,000. ``(B) For fiscal year 2001, $23,300,000,000. ``(C) For fiscal year 2002, $25,200,000,000.''. (b) Temporary Restoration of Periodic Interim Payment for Home Health Services.--Section 1815(e)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395g(e)(2)) (as amended by section 4603(b) of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end; (2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following: ``(D) home health services until the end of the 12-month period following the date that the prospective payment system for such services is implemented pursuant to section 1895; and''. SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE. The amendments made by this Act shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 to which they apply.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 475, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01031", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0068", "text": "section 48(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by-- (1) deleting ``Portland'' and ``Seattle'' in the item relating to the ninth circuit; and (2) inserting after the item relating to the eleventh circuit the following: ``Twelfth................................ Las Vegas, Phoenix, Anchorage, Missoula, Portland, Seattle.''. SEC. 6. JUDGESHIPS. (a) In General.--Each circuit judge of the former ninth circuit who is in regular active service and whose official duty station on the day before the effective date of this Act is in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii, or the Northern Mariana Islands or Nevada shall be a circuit judge of the new ninth circuit as of such effective date. (b) Appointment of Judges for the Twelfth Circuit.--The President shall appoint, by and with the advice of the Senate, 17 circuit judges for the new twelfth circuit, selected from the States assigned to the new twelfth circuit. The official duty station of a judge appointed under this paragraph shall be the locations in the table contained in section 48(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this Act. SEC. 7. ELECTION OF ASSIGNMENT BY SENIOR JUDGES. Each judge who is a senior circuit judge of the former ninth circuit, whose official duty station on the day before the effective date of this Act is in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii, Nevada, or the Northern Mariana Islands, may elect to be assigned to the new ninth circuit or the twelfth circuit as of such effective date and shall notify the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts of such election. SEC. 8. SENIORITY OF JUDGES. The seniority of each judge appointed under section 6(b) shall run from the date of commission of such judge as a judge of the twelfth circuit. SEC. 9. APPLICATION TO CASES. The following apply to any case in which, on the day before the effective date of this Act, an appeal or other proceeding has been filed with the former ninth circuit: (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if the matter has been submitted for decision, further proceedings with respect to the matter shall be had in the same manner and with the same effect as if this Act had not been enacted.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00937", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0069", "text": "If Warren Buffett can do a cartwheel, he’s probably doing one right now, as Apple Inc.’s stock continued its surge and notched yet another record close. The famed billionaire investor’s investment vehicle, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. BRK.B, +0.66%, disclosed in a regulatory filing Tuesday that it loaded up on Apple’s stock during the fourth quarter, increasing its stake to 57.36 million shares as of Dec. 31, up from 15.23 million shares as of Sept. 30. Apple’s stock AAPL, +1.30% rose 2.5% during the fourth quarter. But since then, aided by stronger-than-expected first-fiscal-quarter results, reported Jan. 31, the stock has shot up $19.20, or 16.6%, closing Tuesday at a record level for a second straight day. If the stake remained unchanged, Buffett’s Apple shares would be worth $1.1 billion more than they were just a little over six weeks ago. FactSet Among other moves Buffett’s Berkshire made during the fourth quarter, it slashed its stake in Wal-Mart Stores Inc. WMT, +1.31% to 1.39 million shares from 12.97 million shares. With the stock down 0.7% so far in 2017, Buffett may have saved $5.33 million by selling Wal-Mart shares. Berkshire also added a new 8.04 million–share stake in Monsanto Co. MON, -0.04%, a new 166.64 million–share bet on Sirius XM Holdings Inc. SIRI, -0.42% and a new 43.2 million–share investment in Southwest Airlines Co. LUV, -0.75%, while selling off his entire 20 million–share stake in Kinder Morgan Inc. KMI, -0.04% and cutting his bet on Verizon Communications Inc. VZ, -0.58% to just 928 shares from 15 million shares. Berkshire more than doubled its stake in American Airlines Group Inc. AAL, -1.77% to 45.54 million shares as of Dec. 31 from 21.77 million shares on Sept. 30. His stake in Delta Air Lines Inc. DAL, -0.40% spiked nearly tenfold to 60.03 million shares from 6.33 million shares during the same time, while", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00832", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0070", "text": "by any person if the aggregate amount of liquid held by such person on such date does not exceed 2,000 gallons. The preceding sentence shall apply only if such person submits to the Secretary (at the time and in the manner required by the Secretary) such information as the Secretary shall require for purposes of this paragraph. (2) Exempt fuel.--For purposes of paragraph (1), there shall not be taken into account fuel held by any person which is exempt from the tax imposed by subsection (a) by reason of subsection (d) or (e). (3) Controlled groups.--For purposes of this section-- (A) Corporations.-- (i) In general.--All persons treated as a controlled group shall be treated as 1 person. (ii) Controlled group.--The term ``controlled group'' has the meaning given to such term by subsection (a) of section 1563 of such Code; except that for such purposes the phrase ``more than 50 percent'' shall be substituted for the phrase ``at least 80 percent'' each place it appears in such subsection. (B) Nonincorporated persons under common control.-- Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, principles similar to the principles of clause (i) shall apply to a group of persons under common control where one or more of such persons is not a corporation. (g) Other Laws Applicable.--All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by chapter 31 or 32 of such Code shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes imposed by subsection (a) to the same extent as if such taxes were imposed by such chapter.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01065", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0071", "text": "Aiming at comparing different morphological models of galaxy clusters, we use two new methods to make a cosmological model-independent test of the distance-duality (DD) relation. The luminosity distances come from Union2 compilation of Supernovae Type Ia. The angular diameter distances are given by two cluster models (De Filippis et al. and Bonamente et al.). The advantage of our methods is that it can reduce statistical errors. Concerning the morphological hypotheses for cluster models, it is mainly focused on the comparison between elliptical $\\beta$-model and spherical $\\beta$-model. The spherical $\\beta$-model is divided into two groups in terms of different reduction methods of angular diameter distances, i.e. conservative spherical $\\beta$-model and corrected spherical $\\beta$-model. Our results show that the DD relation is consistent with the elliptical $\\beta$-model at $1\\sigma$ confidence level (CL) for both methods, whereas for almost all spherical $\\beta$-model parameterizations, the DD relation can only be accommodated at $3\\sigma$ CL, particularly for the conservative spherical $\\beta$-model. In order to minimize systematic uncertainties, we also apply the test to the overlap sample, i.e. the same set of clusters modeled by both De Filippis et al. and Bonamente et al.. It is found that the DD relation is compatible with the elliptically modeled overlap sample at $1\\sigma$ CL, however for most of the parameterizations, the DD relation can not be accommodated even at $3\\sigma$ CL for any of the two spherical $\\beta$-models. Therefore it is reasonable that the marked triaxial ellipsoidal model is a better geometrical hypothesis describing the structure of the galaxy cluster compared with the spherical $\\beta$-model if the DD relation is valid in cosmological observations.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00322", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0072", "text": "By Paul Lewis If you agree on the phone or online to pay a firm using a credit or debit card, you will often be authorising a Continuous Payment Authority or CPA. When you do that you give the firm the right to take any amount from your account whenever it chooses to do so. It is a huge power to give – especially to a company you do not know very well, which may be based abroad. CPA on a credit card will appear on your statement like any other payment. If you authorise the CPA on your debit card, the money will be taken directly from your bank account. Some firms will ask for your card number for a free trial – of a gym, a magazine, or a service – without making it completely clear that you are in fact authorising a regular subscription. If you do not specifically cancel the subscription then you will find yourself with a regular commitment. That technique is turned into an out-and-out scam by some foreign firms that charge a low starting fee for health foods or perfumes and then commit you to an expensive monthly subscription. Always check your statement carefully and question any entries you do not recognise. It can seem very difficult to cancel these CPAs and the firms may well insist you have a contract to continue paying. However, you do have an absolute right to stop a CPA with your bank or credit card provider. Once you say you do not authorise any further payments, it must obey that instruction. If it makes another payment after you have cancelled then it has to refund you. Of course, the supplier may still argue about whether you owe them money. Be firm. If you authorise a CPA on your debit card, make sure you have enough money to pay it when it falls due. Items normally paid on a certain date may be taken a bit early or a bit late to fit in with weekends or public holidays. If you go overdrawn because of a CPA, or if a payment bounces, it will be expensive.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 399, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00685", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0073", "text": "We develop a numerical solver for the integral-differential equations, which describes the radiative transfer of photon distribution in the frequency space with resonant scattering of Lyalpha photons by hydrogen gas in the early universe. The time-dependent solutions of this equation is crucial to the estimation of the effect of the Wouthuysen-Field (WF) coupling in relation to the 21 cm emission and absorption at the epoch of reionization. The resonant scattering leads to the photon distribution in the frequency space to be piecewise smooth containing sharp changes. The weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme is suitable to handle this problem, as this algorithm has been found to be highly stable and robust for solving Boltzmann equation. We test this numerical solver against analytic solutions of the evolution of the photon distribution in rest background, analytic solution in expanding background without resonant scattering and formation of local Boltzmann distribution around the resonant frequency with the temperature same as that of atom for recoil. We find that evolution of photon distribution undergoes three phases; profile is similar to the initial one, a flat plateau (without recoil) or local Boltzmann distribution (with recoil) forms around the resonant frequency, and finally the distribution around the resonant frequency is saturated when the photons from the source is balanced by the redshift of the expansion. This result indicates that the onset of the W-F coupling should not be determined by the third phase, but by the time scale of the second phase. We found that the time scale of the W-F coupling is equal to about a few hundreds of the mean free flight time of photons with resonant frequency, and is independent of the Sobolev parameter if this parameter is much less than 1.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00109", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0074", "text": "If they had a choice, members of the urban poor group Kadamay would not live in government housing projects that looked like a dog’s shelter. “Sinasabi lang lang po natin kung tayo ay may regular na trabaho, may sapat na sahod, baka hindi na natin gustong tumira dun sa malayo e. Mangupahan na lang tayo ng apartment, ng condominium kung meron tayong trabaho na maaayos,” Gloria Arellano, chair of Kadamay, said during the hearing of the Senate committee on urban planning, housing, and resettlement on Tuesday. (What I am saying is if only we had a regular job and sufficient pay, we would not live in a far-flung area. We would just rent an apartment or a condominium unit if we had a decent job.) ADVERTISEMENT “E ang nakakatiis lang po sa ginawa ng NHA e mga mahihirap lang po e, ang liliit at sira sira na. Baka sa inyo, kwarto lang ng alagang aso ‘yung mga ginawa nila doon,” Arellano added. (Only the poor can stomach living in houses built by NHA; they are too small and dilapidated. For you, these houses may look like dog shelter.) Last month, Kadamay occupied the housing units in Bulacan intended for military and police personnel. READ: Homeless take over gov’t housing projects in Bulacan After taking over the housing units, the group is now demanding a permanent and decent work for poor people like them. READ: 2 senators say giving housing units to Kadamay may cause anarchy “Hindi po tamad ang mahihirap. Gusto po namin ng trabaho, ng disenteng trabaho. Tungkulin ng gobyerno na lumika nito kaya hindi pa po tapos ang laban ng maralita. Magkaisa at lumaban,” Arellano said. (The poor are not lazy. We want jobs, decent jobs. It’s the government’s duty to create jobs; the fight of the poor is not over. Let us unite and fight.) When the committee chair, Senator Joseph Victor “JV” Ejercito asked if Kadamay members are willing to work to pay for the housing they occupied, Arellano said: “Y", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00550", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0075", "text": "The thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) provides an indirect probe of both the HI and HeII reionisation epochs. Current constraints on the IGM temperature from the Lya forest are restricted to the redshift range 2<z<4.5, limiting the ability to probe the thermal memory of HI reionisation toward higher redshift. In this work, we present the first direct measurement of the IGM temperature around a z=6 quasar by analysing the Doppler widths of Lya absorption lines in the proximity zone of SDSS J0818+1722. We use a high resolution (R= 40000) Keck/HIRES spectrum in combination with detailed numerical modelling to obtain the temperature at mean density, T_0=23600\\pm^5000_6900K (\\pm^9200_9300K) at 68 (95) per cent confidence assuming a prior probability 13500K<T_0<38500 K following HI and HeII reionisation. This enables us to place an upper limit on the redshift of HI reionisation, z_H, within 33 comoving Mpc of SDSS J0818+1722. If the quasar reionises the HeII in its vicinity, then in the limit of instantaneous reionisation we infer z_H<9.0 (11.0) at 68 (95) per cent confidence assuming photoheating is the dominant heat source and that HI reionisation is driven by ionising sources with soft spectra, typical of population II stars. If the HI and HeII in the IGM around SDSS J0818+1722 are instead reionised simultaneously by a population of massive metal-free stars, characterised by very hard ionising spectra, we obtain a tighter upper limit of z_H<8.4 (9.4). Initiating reionisation at higher redshifts produces temperatures which are too low with respect to our constraint unless the HI ionising sources or the quasar itself have spectra significantly harder than typically assumed.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 428, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00191", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0076", "text": "Happy Fourth of July! Celebrate Independence Day with this fruity star-spangled sangria from lifestyle blog Heart and Seam. From fashion and beauty to wellness and recipes Heart and Seam founder Janet Cooke shares real-life experiences on her blog from her home in New Hampshire -- including her festive and tasty summer sangria recipe. Heart and Seam Lifestyle Blog \"This is a fun festive spin on a classic sangria recipe,\" Cooke told \"GMA.\" \"The best part about this recipe is that you can make it in large batches so it's perfect for a Fourth of July cookout where there will be lots of family and friends to enjoy.\" Check out the full recipe and pour this red, wine and blueberry beverage all day for friends and family. Heart and Seam Lifestyle Blog Ingredients 1 bottle red wine (I like Pinot Noir or Shiraz) 1-1/2 cups cranberry juice 1 cup brandy juice from one large orange 2 cups fresh blueberries 8 ounces fresh strawberries cut in quarters Club soda Directions To a large pitcher add wine, cranberry juice, brandy and orange juice. Add blueberries and strawberries. Chill for a few hours. To serve, fill glasses half full with ice and use a slotted spoon to add fruit from the pitcher to each glass. Pour liquid over ice and fruit, top with club soda and serve. Tips Add raspberries, blackberries and even apples to create even more of a festive drink. Be sure to add the ice to the glasses and not the pitcher itself. You will dilute the sangria if you add directly to the pitcher.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00542", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0077", "text": "(47 U.S.C. 405) is amended by adding to the end the following: ``(c) Expedited Action Required.-- ``(1) Time limit.--Within 90 days after receiving from a two percent carrier a petition for reconsideration filed under this section or a petition for waiver of a rule, policy, or other Commission requirement, the Commission shall issue an order granting or denying such petition. If the Commission fails to act on a petition for waiver subject to the requirements of this section within this 90-day period, the relief sought in such petition shall be deemed granted. If the Commission fails to act on a petition for reconsideration subject to the requirements of this section within this 90 day period, the Commission's enforcement of any rule the reconsideration of which was specifically sought by the petitioning party shall be stayed with respect to that party until the Commission issues an order granting or denying such petition. ``(2) Finality of action.--Any order issued under paragraph (1), or any grant of a petition for waiver that is deemed to occur as a result of the Commission's failure to act under paragraph (1), shall be a final order and may be appealed.''. (b) Effective Date.--The provisions of this section shall apply with respect to any petition for reconsideration or petition for waiver that is submitted to the Commission on or after the date of enactment of this Act. Pending petitions for reconsideration or petitions for waiver shall be subject to the requirements of this section as if they had been filed on the date of enactment of this Act.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01016", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0078", "text": "Image copyright Getty Images England fans woke up thinking about only one thing on Wednesday - the fact that football is well and truly coming home. There were scenes of joy in living rooms and pubs across the country, as well as in the streets. Celebs were just as overwhelmed as us by Jordan Pickford's heroics as England won a World Cup match on penalties for the first time. Stormzy was among just two celebs to have their reactions filmed. The rapper was headlining his own festival in Ibiza as the match took place - but stopped it to watch the penalties. Needless to say it went off as Eric Dier's decisive spot-kick went in. Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption Stormzy on stage at his Merky Festival in Ibiza Elsewhere, Ross Kemp's reaction - filmed topless as well as completely breathless - has got him a lot of attention on social media. It's pretty intense. Little Mix's Jade didn't have time to get an England shirt - but she did have something that very few other England fans had to help with their celebrations. And in the studio in Russia, Ian Wright showed what the last-16 win means to him. Devlin's reaction was Ross Kemp-esque. How can someone look so angry and so happy at the same time? It was a pretty different picture back in Ibiza where Stormzy was - there's no doubting how Dave, Avelino and Michael Dapaah are feeling. As for the rest of us? Well - our celebrations are just as worthy of being written about. If England progress past Sweden on Saturday, who knows what level the celebrations might reach. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00792", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0079", "text": "junior school when I decided that my life wasn't as good as it should have been and I didn't want to live with my dad anymore. \"I did try and help him. Loads of people did.\" She turned to her landlady, Shaz, for help. \"I used to stay over at her house, and it was nice because I felt safe enough to talk to her about what was going on. \"At first I was scared about what to say, because I didn't want to admit that my dad was on drugs, so I said stuff like'my dad's been acting weird'. \"Because she lived next door she saw how my dad was behaving, and she helped me through it.\" Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Picture posed by model. Today's report suggests that many children in similar situations aren't able to find help and funding for services to help vulnerable young people at an early stage has been cut by 60% since 2010. Over time, Kimberley also sought out help from a social worker at school, and the NSPCC. She now lives with Shaz who she calls her \"step-mum\", and no longer sees her dad. \"I did have one day out with him after I left home, but before long he started shouting at me and stormed off. I haven't spoken to him since. That was a few years ago. \"I don't really miss seeing him, because I've realised my life is better now.\" For help on coping with drug abuse and family problems, visit the BBC Advice pages. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00795", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0080", "text": "Surprisingly, skew derivations rather than ordinary derivations are more basic (important) object in study of the Grassmann algebras. Let $\\L_n = K\\lfloor x_1, ..., x_n\\rfloor$ be the Grassmann algebra over a commutative ring $K$ with ${1/2}\\in K$, and $\\d$ be a skew $K$-derivation of $\\L_n$. It is proved that $\\d$ is a unique sum $\\d = \\d^{ev} +\\d^{od}$ of an even and odd skew derivation. Explicit formulae are given for $\\d^{ev}$ and $\\d^{od}$ via the elements $\\d (x_1), ..., \\d (x_n)$. It is proved that the set of all even skew derivations of $\\L_n$ coincides with the set of all the inner skew derivations. Similar results are proved for derivations of $\\L_n$. In particular, $\\Der_K(\\L_n)$ is a faithful but not simple $\\Aut_K(\\L_n)$-module (where $K$ is reduced and $n\\geq 2$). All differential and skew differential ideals of $\\L_n$ are found. It is proved that the set of generic normal elements of $\\L_n$ that are not units forms a single $\\Aut_K(\\L_n)$-orbit (namely, $\\Aut_K(\\L_n)x_1$) if $n$ is even and two orbits (namely, $\\Aut_K(\\L_n)x_1$ and $\\Aut_K(\\L_n)(x_1+x_2... x_n)$) if $n$ is odd.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00004", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0081", "text": "section 2, shall apply with respect to complaints of unlawful employment discrimination that are filed after the end of the 6-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act. Any complaint filed before the end of such period shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures in effect on the date of enactment of this Act. SEC. 4. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION FOR TITLE 38 EMPLOYEES. (a) In General.-- (1) Application.--Chapter 74 of title 38, United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end of subchapter V the following new section: ``Sec. 7465. Disclosures of violations of law, gross mismanagement, and certain other matters: protection of employees (a) Section 2302(b)(8) of title 5 shall apply with respect to an employee, or applicant for employment, in a position covered by this chapter in the same manner as if that position were a `covered position' within the meaning of section 2302(a)(2)(B) of title 5. ``(b) Subsection (a) shall apply for purposes of applying to such an employee or applicant the provisions of subchapters II and III of chapter 12 of title 5 that relate to any authority to conduct investigations, or to seek or administer any corrective action, disciplinary action, or other remedy in connection with a prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b)(8) of such title.''. (2) Table of sections.--The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 7464 the following new item: ``7465. Disclosures of violations of law, gross mismanagement, and certain other matters: protection of employees.''. (b) Effective Date.-- (1) Application.--Subject to paragraph (2), section 7465 of title 38, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to personnel actions occurring before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act, if an action for relief relating to the personnel action is commenced prior to the applicable deadline. (2) Administrative proceedings.--Such section shall not affect any administrative proceeding pending on the date of enactment of this Act, and orders shall be issued in any such proceeding, and appeals shall be taken from the orders, as if such section had not been enacted.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 490, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00957", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0082", "text": "An aperiodic tile set was first constructed by R. Berger while proving the undecidability of the domino problem. It turned out that aperiodic tile sets appear in many topics ranging from logic (the Entscheidungsproblem) to physics (quasicrystals). We present a new construction of an aperiodic tile set that is based on Kleene's fixed-point construction instead of geometric arguments. This construction is similar to J. von Neumann self-reproducing automata; similar ideas were also used by P. Gacs in the context of error-correcting computations. This construction it rather flexible, so it can be used in many ways: we show how it can be used to implement substitution rules, to construct strongly aperiodic tile sets (any tiling is far from any periodic tiling), to give a new proof for the undecidability of the domino problem and related results, characterize effectively closed 1D subshift it terms of 2D shifts of finite type (improvement of a result by M. Hochman), to construct a tile set which has only complex tilings, and to construct a \"robust\" aperiodic tile set that does not have periodic (or close to periodic) tilings even if we allow some (sparse enough) tiling errors. For the latter we develop a hierarchical classification of points in random sets into islands of different ranks. Finally, we combine and modify our tools to prove our main result: there exists a tile set such that all tilings have high Kolmogorov complexity even if (sparse enough) tiling errors are allowed.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00168", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0083", "text": "Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of odd characteristic $p$ and $X$ a proper smooth scheme over the Witt ring $W(k)$. To an object $(M,Fil^{\\cdot},\\nabla,\\Phi)$ in the Faltings category $\\mathcal{MF}^{\\nabla}_{[0,n]}(X), n\\leq p-2$, one associates an \\'{e}tale local system $\\V$ over the generic fiber of $X$ and a Higgs bundle $(E,\\theta)$ over $X$. Our motivation is to find the analogue of the classical Simpson correspondence for the categories of subobjects of $\\V$ and $(E,\\theta)$. Our main discovery in this paper is the notion of periodic Higgs subbundles, both in positive characteristic and in mixed characteristic. In char $p$, it relies on the inverse Cartier transform constructed by Ogus and Vologodsky in their work on the char $p$ nonabelian Hodge theory. A lifting of the inverse Cartier transform to mixed characteristic is constructed, which is used for the notion of periodicity in mixed characteristic. We show a one to one correspondence between the set of periodic Higgs subbundles of $(E,\\theta)$ and the set of \\'{e}tale sub local systems of $\\V\\otimes_{\\Z_{p}}\\Z_{p^r}$, where $r$ is a natural number. The notion turns out to be useful in applications. We have proven, among other results, that the reduction $(E,\\theta)_0$ of $(E,\\theta)$ modulo $p$ is Higgs stable, if and only if, the corresponding representation $\\V$ is absolutely irreducible over $k$.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 364, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00471", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0084", "text": "Funds Not To Avoid Penalty.--Paragraph (4) of section 527(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to failure to notify) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term `exempt function income' means any amount described in a subparagraph of subsection (c)(3), whether or not segregated for use for an exempt function.'' (b) Procedures for Assessment and Collection of Penalty.--Paragraph (1) of section 527(j) of such Code (relating to required disclosure of expenditures and contributions) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``For purposes of subtitle F, the penalty imposed by this paragraph shall be assessed and collected in the same manner as penalties imposed by section 6652(c).'' (c) Application of Fraud Penalty.--Section 7207 of such Code (relating to fraudulent returns, statements, and other documents) is amended by striking ``pursuant to subsection (b) of section 6047 or pursuant to subsection (d) of section 6104'' and inserting ``pursuant to section 6047(b), section 6104(d), or subsection (i) or (j) of section 527''. (d) Duplicate Electronic and Written Filings Not Required.-- (1) Subparagraph (A) of section 527(i)(1) of such Code is amended by striking ``, electronically and in writing,''. (2) Subsection (i) of section 527 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(7) Electronic filing.--The Secretary shall develop procedures for submission in electronic form of notices required to be filed under this subsection and reports required to be filed under subsection (j).'' (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by Public Law 106-230.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 396, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00980", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0085", "text": "is in the form of a treaty under article II, section 2, clause 2 of the Constitution of the United States; or (2) an agreement that requires implementing legislation to be enacted into law for the agreement to enter into force with respect to the United States. SEC. 6. DISCLOSURE OF AND REPORT ON RUSSIAN FEDERATION SUPPORT OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAMS OF CHINA, SYRIA, IRAN, AND NORTH KOREA. (a) Disclosure of Support.--The President shall seek to encourage the Government of the Russian Federation to disclose any support by the Russian Federation or Russian entities for the ballistic missile programs of the People's Republic of China, Syria, Iran, or North Korea. (b) Report Required.--The President shall submit to the congressional defense committees a semi-annual report on any disclosure by the Government of the Russian Federation of any such support during the preceding 6-month period. (c) Initial Report.--The initial report required by subsection (b) shall be submitted not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and in addition to addressing any such support during the preceding 6-month period shall also address any such support during the 10-year period ending on the date of the enactment of this Act. (d) Form.--The report required by subsection (b) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex, if necessary. SEC. 7. CONGRESSIONAL DEFENSE COMMITTEES DEFINED. In this Act, the term ``congressional defense committees'' has the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01064", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0086", "text": "combination of approaches); (B) standards to assess volume growth; and (C) how volume control policies should be implemented, including the extent to which the policies should be codified in law. (2) The report shall address the appropriate level of discretion for the Secretary of Health and Human Services to make necessary adjustments to alter physician payments or otherwise intervene to affect provider behavior. (3) The report shall also include findings and recommendations on the work of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Relative Value Update Committee (RUC), including-- (A) whether the current pricing system accurately reflects resource costs; (B) whether adjustments should be made to practice expense to better estimate marginal cost; (C) identification and review of overvalued services; (D) the effectiveness of the five-year review process; (E) comparison of relative values among categories of services; (F) the ability for such Centers to develop and utilize external resources (including as medical directors from carriers or health plans) to determine appropriate pricing; (G) strategies that should be available to such Centers to make adjustments to payments when necessary; (H) any additional recommendations for reforming the current pricing system, such as whether bases other than resource costs should be considered in determining the relative value of services in the physician fee schedule; and (I) the extent to which alternative payment methods should be used for certain types of providers or patients (such as payment by episode and payment by capitation or partial capitation). (4) The report shall evaluate the effect that Medicare and private plan payment policies have on the development and maintenance of the physician workforce. SEC. 4. REPEAL OF MEDICARE COST CONTAINMENT PROVISIONS. Subtitle A of title X of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 is repealed and the provisions of law amended by such subtitle are restored as if such subtitle had not been enacted.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01012", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0087", "text": "The video will start in 8 Cancel Get Daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again later Invalid Email The Met Office has issued another weather update and is now forecasting heavy snow for Crawley for this afternoon. The forecast has changed repeatedly over the last 12 hours - with heavy snow having initially been forecast for this morning's rush hour. The latest update says there is a 60% chance of snow between 1pm and 2pm, which turns to 90% between 2pm and 3pm. It then drops once again to 60% until 4pm, after which the snow is supposed to die down. Temperatures will rarely exceed freezing, and the cold winds will make it feel more like -6°c. There is a yellow weather warning for snow and ice on roads and pavements until 4pm today (Monday), which is then replaced with a yellow ice warning until 11am tomorrow morning (Tuesday). The warning says: “Some injuries are possible from slips and falls on icy surfaces and there will probably be some icy patches on untreated roads and cycle paths. “Some roads and railways are likely to be affected with longer and more difficult journeys.” The snow and ice has already caused severe disruption nationwide on all forms of public transport, with trains, buses and flights all experiencing delays and cancellations. And on the roads, ice and snow is causing delays for commuters, and the cold weather is causing breakdowns, with a reported 25,000 occurring on Sunday. Please be careful when leaving your house, and be sure to wear enough clothing if going outside for a prolonged period as temperatures are not set to rise any time soon.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00701", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0088", "text": "Secretary, at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Secretary, the amount of the tax imposed by this chapter which is submitted to such State under subsection (a) and a copy of the State tax return of each employer making such a submission. The Secretary may, after consultation with such organizations or other entities as the Secretary considers appropriate, prescribe regulations requiring that additional information be submitted by such State with respect to the amount of such tax payable by such employer.'' (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 23 of such Code is amended by striking the item relating to section 3311 and inserting the following new items: ``Sec. 3311. State collection of tax. ``Sec. 3312. Short title.'' (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 2004. SEC. 303. REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION OF STATE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION PACKETS. (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 3304 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to approval of State laws) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (18), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (19) and inserting ``; and'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(20) the State will distribute to unemployed individuals State-specific information packets explaining unemployment insurance eligibility conditions.'' (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to certifications of States for 2005, except that section 3304(a)(20) of such Code, as added by subsection (a), shall not be a requirement for the State law of any State prior to July 1, 2006, if the legislature of such State does not meet in a regular session which closes during the calendar year 2005.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 384, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00847", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0089", "text": "(A) New buildings constructed on the premises shall have setbacks as follows: (i) 100 feet from any lake or river. (ii) 50 feet from any side or back lot line or any road centerline. (B) Requiring a minimum lot size equal to the lesser of 5 acres or the size of the parcel conveyed. (C) Improvements on the premises shall be maintained in a good state of repair and the premises shall be kept clean and orderly. No accumulation or dumping of trash or unsightly materials shall be permitted on the land. Any trash or refuse shall be disposed of as required by State or local laws and regulations. (D) Owners of the land and operators of any business thereon shall comply with all Federal, State, and local laws and regulations applicable to the land or any use thereof. (E) Any new or remodeled buildings, or additions thereto, shall be constructed and maintained on the premises in harmony with the color, design, and type of construction of buildings presently located on the lands. (F) No material shall be disposed of on the land by burning in open fires during any closed season established by law or regulation without a written permit as required by law or regulation. (G) No waste or by-product shall be discarded into any surface water or onto any land surface in violation of Federal, State, or local regulation. (H) The land shall not be used for any purpose other than single family residences, resorts, lodges, outfitters, and normal accessory uses. (2) Preserve any rights-of-way or easements reasonably necessary for public and administrative access to, and management of, adjacent National Forest System lands. (3) Preserve any archaeological sites or valid existing private property rights on the land. (d) Map.--The map described in section 3 along with legal descriptions of all lands to be conveyed, shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Chief of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. The maps and legal descriptions shall have the same force and effect as if included in the Act, except that the Secretary may correct clerical and typographical errors.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 438, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00944", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0090", "text": "The jobless 30-year-old who still lives in his parents’ home is scrambling to pack up his mess of a room as eviction day looms — and he deals with his newfound notoriety. Michael Rotondo is coming off a whirlwind week of media interviews and a trip to Texas to appear on conspiracy theorist Alex Jones’ radio show for $3,000 after the story of his parents suing to evict him went viral. But now, Rotondo has only three days — Friday at noon — to leave his parents’ place in Camillus he’s called home for the past eight years. “Looking around my room and stuff, how much more is all this going to take to pack?” Rotondo told Syracuse.com after schlepping to a Lowe’s to buy $30-worth of boxes and tape. He’ll keep his belongings – piles of books, crumpled clothing, a computer and a bed, according to a photo of his disheveled room – in a self-storage unit until he finds a new place to stay. “There’s no more urgency after that,” he added. “Everything else is just finding a long-term place.” Rotondo said he’s looking for “someplace inexpensive, with internet.” The unemployed father of one has been mooching off his parents Mark and Christina for the past eight years and showed no signs of moving out until they sued him earlier this month. The familial spat garnered international headlines and Rotondo shot to overnight infamy, appearing on Fox News, CNN and even earning a paycheck from Jones last Friday. A Home Depot employee also offered to pay for Rotondo’s moving expenses after he complained he was too broke to fly the coop but he declined. “Alex Jones makes money for having me on his show,” Rotondo explained. The woman “does not,” he told Syracuse.com. But with his newfound celebrity has come “harassing” phone calls, Rotondo claimed. On Monday, someone with a blocked phone number called his cell and muttered, “Loser,” before hanging up. Rotondo called 911. “I can’t have my phone getting jammed up with nonsense like that,” he said. “I can’t have that happen.” Police responded to his complaint that afternoon but it’s unclear what, if any, action was taken.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 465, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00826", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0091", "text": "Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(rr) The term `comparative clinical effectiveness' means the clinical outcomes, effectiveness, safety, and clinical appropriateness of a drug or device in comparison to 1 or more drugs or devices, respectively, approved to prevent, diagnose, or treat the same health condition for the same patient demographic subpopulation, on the basis of research that meets standards adopted by the Secretary under section 4 of the Informed Health Care Decision Making Act.''. (b) Labeling and Advertising Information.--Section 502 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 352) is amended-- (1) in subsection (f), by striking ``for use; and (2)'' and inserting ``for use; (2) such information in brief summary relating to comparative clinical effectiveness as shall be required in regulations which shall be issued by the Secretary in accordance with the procedure specified in section 701(a); and (3)''; (2) in subsection (n)(3), by striking ``and effectiveness'' and inserting ``effectiveness, and comparative clinical effectiveness (or a disclosure that there is no such information relating to comparative clinical effectiveness if another drug has been approved for the same use),''; and (3) in subsection (r)-- (A) by striking ``In the case of any'' and inserting ``(1) In the case of any''; (B) by striking ``(1) a true'' and inserting ``(A) a true''; (C) by striking ``(2) a brief'' and inserting ``(B) a brief''; and (D) by striking ``and contraindications'' and inserting ``contraindications, and, if appropriate after taking into consideration the type of device, effectiveness and comparative clinical effectiveness (or a disclosure that there is no such information relating to comparative clinical effectiveness if another device has been approved for the same use)''.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 413, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00985", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0092", "text": "If Travis Stork has learned anything, it's that sometimes you just have to leap. Twenty-five years ago, the host of \"The Doctors\" didn't even know he wanted to be a doctor — let alone that he would end up on TV as \"The Bachelor\" and become one of television's best-known doctors. \"To say I had zero intention of ever being in front of a camera would be an overstatement,\" he says. Stork was working as an actuarial consultant after college when he volunteered at a medical clinic and found his true calling for medicine. His calling to TV came later — he was discovered after an ER shift by producers who were auditioning potential bachelorettes nearby. \"I literally went to dinner and then a month later I was in Paris in a castle as the Bachelor,\" he says. \"It happened so quickly that I think the lesson I learned in that is sometimes you just have to take chances in life. … If you want your life to be an adventure, it can be.\" More than a decade later, and single again, Stork is in season 9 of hosting \"The Doctors,\" with a new book out, \"The Lose Your Belly Diet: Change Your Gut, Change Your Life.\" He reflected on his path with NBC News' BETTER. Here he is in his own words: An Unlikely Sex Symbol My nickname when I was growin' up was Stork the Dork. And I was really small and sickly.... I grew a foot in I think less than a year. So I was the small little guy, smallest guy in the class, and then one day I grew like a beanstalk. And now I'm almost 6'4\".... I tell kids all the time, \"Find something you're passionate about, do it with reckless abandon and don't worry about what the cool people are doing.\" Because the cool people, usually deep down, are incredibly insecure. Finding His Passion I volunteered at a medical clinic in D.C. and I realized that I was missing something: the interpersonal interaction, that connection that you have with other humans. And so a few years after college I went back and did all of my post-baccalaureate classes while I was working during the day. And next thing you know, I'm in medical school. So that journey alone was the one I'm the most proud of, because I had a career set out in front of me, working", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00745", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0093", "text": "The ionization fraction plays a key role in the chemistry and dynamics of molecular clouds. We study the H13CO+, DCO+ and HOC+ line emission towards the Horsehead, from the shielded core to the UV irradiated cloud edge, i.e., the Photodissociation Region (PDR), as a template to investigate the ionization fraction gradient in molecular clouds. We analyze a PdBI map of the H13CO+ J=1-0 line, complemented with IRAM-30m H13CO+ and DCO+ higher-J line maps and new HOC+ and CO+ observations. We compare self-consistently the observed spatial distribution and line intensities with detailed depth-dependent predictions of a PDR model coupled with a nonlocal radiative transfer calculation. The chemical network includes deuterated species, 13C fractionation reactions and HCO+/HOC+ isomerization reactions. The role of neutral and charged PAHs in the cloud chemistry and ionization balance is investigated. The detection of HOC+ reactive ion towards the Horsehead PDR proves the high ionization fraction of the outer UV irradiated regions, where we derive a low [HCO+]/[HOC+]~75-200 abundance ratio. In the absence of PAHs, we reproduce the observations with gas-phase metal abundances, [Fe+Mg+...], lower than 4x10(-9) (with respect to H) and a cosmic-rays ionization rate of zeta=(5+/-3)x10(-17) s(-1). The inclusion of PAHs modifies the ionization fraction gradient and increases the required metal abundance. The ionization fraction in the Horsehead edge follows a steep gradient, with a scale length of ~0.05 pc (or ~25''), from [e-]~10(-4) (or n_e ~ 1-5 cm(-3)) in the PDR to a few times ~10(-9) in the core. PAH^- anions play a role in the charge balance of the cold and neutral gas if substantial amounts of free PAHs are present ([PAH] >10(-8)).", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 451, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00120", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0094", "text": "itory nostalgic thing that brought people back into Pokemania,\" Samantha says. \"They [Nintendo] saw a surge of new players that maybe hadn't picked up a Pokemon game for 20 years and wanted to get back in.\" Let's Go includes significant crossovers with Pokemon Go, which has received over 750 million mobile downloads to date. Players will be able to transfer caught Pokémon from the mobile game into the Switch experience. \"I think Nintendo saw the success of Pokemon Go and wanted to cash in on it,\" Samantha says. Nintendo also confirmed that an \"all-new core series\" title is in development, which will continue the tradition of in-depth Pokemon RPGs begun by Red and Blue in 1996. Some Pokemon fans have reacted positively to the news online, but those who are passingly familiar with the brand will have to be convinced to buy a Nintendo Switch to play. The decision to release these new Pokemon games aims to dismantle any barriers to entry for those without a Switch by tempting them to purchase a Switch ahead of the core RPG launch next year. \"Pokemon Let's Go Eevee and Pikachu have the Pokemon you know,\" Samantha says. \"My Mum even knows who Pikachu is - she can't spell it, but she knows who Pikachu is - and that's the sort of experience they want to deliver people sort of to wean them back into the experience and maybe even get a few more people playing on Switch too.\" Nintendo remains tight-lipped on how Let's Go will actually play for now, with more information expected in the coming months. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 364, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00794", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0095", "text": ") Extreme fire risk.--Areas determined to be extremely vulnerable to wildfire based on a combination of fire history, weather patterns, topography, accessibility, visitor intensity, and fuel loads. (3) Secretaries.--The term ``Secretaries'' means the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior. SEC. 4. DECLARATION OF EMERGENCY. The United States Congress declares the reduction of natural fuels, on Federal lands within the State of California identified as extreme fire risk, to constitute an emergency action to prevent or to reduce risk to public health or safety or to serious resource loss, for the duration of the drought as determined by the Secretaries. Notwithstanding direction in land management plans, Congress directs the Federal agencies to work cooperatively with State agencies to immediately identify areas of extreme fire risk and take immediate action to reduce natural fuels. Congress authorizes the use of emergency fire suppression funds to reduce natural fuels in such areas provided reductions in the Sierra forests are consistent with the fuels management guidelines of the California Spotted Owl EA or subsequent EIS. In areas identified as requiring additional treatments due to drought or pest infestation on National forest lands, the Forest Service is directed to prepare a budget request declaring an emergency, pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. SEC. 5. STRATEGIC FIRE PLAN AND BUDGET. The Federal agencies are further directed to prepare, in consultation and coordination with other federal agencies and the State of California, a strategic fire plan and annual budget. The plan and budget shall be submitted to Congress by March 1, 1995 for inclusion in the 1996 appropriations request with a supplemental appropriations request, if needed, for 1995 funding of natural fuels treatment.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 361, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00869", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0096", "text": "The paper comments on properties of the so-called \"Unified approach to the construction of classical confidence intervals\", in which confidence intervals are computed in a Neyman construction using the likelihood ratio as ordering quantity. In particular, two of the main results of a paper by Feldman and Cousins (F&C) are discussed. It is shown that in the case of central intervals the so-called flip-flopping problem, occuring in the specific scenario where the experimenter decides to quote a standard upper limit or a confidence interval depending on the measurement, can be easily avoided by choosing appropriate confidence levels for the standard upper limits and confidence intervals. In the F&C paper \"upper limit\" is defined as the upper edge of a confidence interval, whose lower edge coincides with the physical limit. With this definition of upper limit (F&C limit), in an approach which uses the likelihood ratio as ordering quantity, two-sided confidence intervals automatically change over to \"upper limits\" as the signal becomes weaker (Unified approach). In the present paper it is pointed out that this behaviour is not a special property of this approach, because approaches with other ordering principles, like central intervals, symmetric intervals or highest-probability intervals, exhibit the same behaviour. The Unified approach is presented in the F&C paper as a solution to the flip-flopping problem. This might suggest that the F&C limit is a standard upper limit. In order to exclude any misunderstanding, it is proposed in the present paper to call the F&C limit \"upper edge of the confidence interval\", even if its lower edge coincides with the physical limit.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00012", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0097", "text": "If you own a Sony Xperia XA1, Sony Xperia XA1 Plus or Sony Xperia XA1 Ultra smartphone, chances are you can now update your devices to the Android 8.0 Oreo software update. Announced last year in September, the Sony Xperia XA1 family came as Xperia XA1, Xperia XA1 Plus, and Xperia XA1 Ultra, powered by Google's Android 7.0 (Nougat) operating system, but Sony promised that it would offer the Android 8.0 (Oreo) release via a future software update, though no release date was given. Now, Xperia Blog reports that owners of the Sony Xperia XA1, Xperia XA1 Plus, and Xperia XA1 Ultra smartphones can now finally update to the Android 8.0 Oreo operating system, which introduces numerous new features and improvements. The update also includes February 2018's Android Security Patch level. Sony Xperia XA1 owners can finally enjoy Android Oreo With this significant software update, Sony Xperia XA1 owners can finally enjoy Android Oreo's enhancements, including Picture-in-Picture (PiP) mode, background limits for apps, Android Instant Apps, smart text selection, Autofill improvements, notification dots, and numerous stability and security fixes. Android Oreo also brings Night Light, new emojis, app shortcuts and widgets, a new Settings menu, Google Play Protect, Wi-Fi Aware, new battery features, scalable icons for a more unified look, smaller persistent notifications, revamped Quick Settings, as well as the ability to snooze notifications. Without any further ado, go ahead an update your Sony Xperia XA1, Xperia XA1 Plus or Xperia XA1 Ultra smartphone to the Android 8.0 Oreo operating system right now to receive all these goodies. The build number of the Android 8.0.0 Oreo update is 48.1.A.0.116, which upgrades the 48.0.A.1.131 firmware based on Android 7.0 Nougat. With the Android 8.0 Oreo update now rolling out to the Sony Xperia XA1 family, we're hoping that Sony will also prepare the Android 8.1 Oreo incremental update in the coming weeks. Until then, let us know if you managed to install Android Oreo on your Sony Xperia XA1, XA1 Plus or XA1 Ultra and how it works", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00601", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0098", "text": "Based on the results of Chen & Li (2009) and Pakmor et al. (2010), we carried out a series of binary population synthesis calculations and considered two treatment of common envelope (CE) evolution, i.e. $\\alpha$-formalism and $\\gamma$-algorithm. We found that the evolution of birth rate of these peculiar SNe Ia is heavily dependent on how to treat the CE evolution. The over-luminous SNe Ia may only occur for $\\alpha$-formalism with low CE ejection efficiency and the delay time of the SNe Ia is between 0.4 and 0.8 Gyr. The upper limit of the contribution rate of the supernovae to all SN Ia is less than 0.3%. The delay time of sub-luminous SNe Ia from equal-mass DD systems is between 0.1 and 0.3 Gyr for $\\alpha$-formalism with $\\alpha=3.0$, while longer than 9 Gyr for $\\alpha=1.0$. The range of the delay time for $\\gamma$-algorithm is very wide, i.e. longer than 0.22 Gyr, even as long as 15 Gyr. The sub-luminous SNe Ia from equal-mass DD systems may only account for no more than 1% of all SNe Ia observed. The super-Chandrasekhar mass model of Chen & Li (2009) may account for a part of 2003fg-like supernovae and the equal-mass DD model developed by Pakmor et al. (2010) may explain some 1991bg-like events, too. In addition, based on the comparison between theories and observations, including the birth rate and delay time of the 1991bg-like events, we found that the $\\gamma$-algorithm is more likely to be an appropriate prescription of the CE evolution of DD systems than the $\\alpha$-formalism if the equal-mass DD systems is the progenitor of 1991bg-like SNe Ia.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 438, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00271", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0099", "text": "of what his daughters endured at the hands of Nassar until he listened to their accounts in court. A tall, burly man with thick gray hair, Margraves said his relationship with his daughters had long been \"strained, distant and difficult. Now I know the main reason. The reason was Larry Nassar.\" \"Now I have to deal with the fact that I failed to protect my daughters,\" he added. The courtroom disturbance came after Margraves, standing alongside his daughters and wife, asked if Judge Janice Cunningham, as part of sentencing, would \"grant me five minutes in a locked room\" with Nassar. The judge replied that was not an option and rebuked Margraves for his vulgar language in calling Nassar \"a son of a bitch\" in court. Margraves then asked for one minute alone instead. The judge demurred again as some in the courtroom laughed uncomfortably. The father then bolted towards Nassar, seated in an orange jump suit behind a nearby table. Margraves' daughters' hands flew to their mouths, and one of Nassar's lawyers moved to shield his client. 'WHAT IF THIS HAPPENED TO YOU?' Gasps, cries and shouts filled the courtroom as Margraves was wrestled to the floor, knocking items off a desk on the way down before he was handcuffed, while Nassar was whisked to safety. \"One minute!\" Margraves demanded repeatedly, his head pinned down. As uniformed officers pulled him from the courtroom, he implored them, \"What if this happened to you guys?\" The judge then ordered a recess. The attempted attack underscored the anguish Nassar's abuse has caused his victims' parents, some of whom were present in the doctor's exam room even as Nassar, unbeknownst to them, was molesting their children. Several have spoken in court about the guilt they feel for exposing their children to a sexual predator. \"I failed my own daughter,\" Lynn Erickson said tearfully in court on Friday, as her daughter Ashley, one of Nassar's victims, wiped away tears. Margraves' daughters had also described the impact on their parents. At Nassar's first sentencing hearing last month, his oldest daughter Morgan said her father \"went out driving to look for him around East Lansing\" after news of his abuse broke. \"I'm not exactly sure what he would have done if he saw him,\" she said.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00574", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0100", "text": "if not carried out, by the Emirati government. Emirati activist Ahmed Mansoor became famous in August 2016 when he worked with security experts to reveal three previously undisclosed weaknesses in Apple's mobile operating system after he was allegedly targeted with a phishing text message he didn't open. Mansoor and others believed the United Arab Emirates was behind the attack, as it involved so-called \"zero day\" exploits — flaws in programming that hackers can use to potentially install spyware or gain control of a system — that can be worth over a million dollars each. Mansoor was arrested by UAE authorities last March for his online posts. Authorities later said he was being held at Abu Dhabi's central prison and had \"the freedom to hire a lawyer\" and receive family visits. Another hacking campaign targeting Mansoor and others, dubbed \"Stealth Falcon,\" also appeared to be coordinated by the government, said Bill Marczak, a research fellow at Citizen Lab. DarkMatter's close work with the Emirati government, and the experience of its staff, raised flags about the company, Marczak said. \"When you're talking about human rights activists like Ahmed Mansoor... there's nothing he can do and the government gets access to him and his contacts and then can take further actions against his contacts,\" he said. \"It's one thing to use them against people you may think are committing terrorist acts or criminal acts, but using them against someone who is just kind of sitting around their living room tweeting, it seems kind of disproportionate.\" Al-Bannai said DarkMatter had no depository of \"zero day\" exploits, nor did it take part in so-called \"offensive hacking.\" He pointed to one of the company's signature products, a secure mobile phone called \"Katim,\" or \"silence\" in Arabic, as showing the firm's interest in defensive technology. He added that DarkMatter hired CIA, NSA and other ex-government employees for their experience. \"If you think an NSA guy is a spooky guy, the NSA guy is the one protecting you in the U.S.,\" al-Bannai said. \"These are not the bad guys.\" He did, however, acknowledge that questions remain about how much information authorities should have and be able to use. Pegasus, a DarkMatter subsidiary, now has a \"big data\" contract with Dubai police. An example offered by al-Bannai suggested police could be able to pool hours of surveillance", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00505", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0101", "text": "2119(c) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300aa-19(c)) is amended by striking ``not less often than four times per year and''. SEC. 9. CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO TRUST FUND PROVISION. Section 9510(c)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``(as in effect'' and all that follows through ``for vaccine-related injury or death'' and inserting ``(as in effect on the effective date of the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program Improvement Act of 2003) for vaccine-related injury or death''. SEC. 10. INCREASE IN LIMIT ON ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. (a) Increase in Limit on Administrative Expenses.--Section 9510(c)(1)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``(but not in excess of $9,500,000 for any fiscal year)'' and inserting ``(but not in excess of $10,000,000 for any fiscal year)''. (b) Administrative Expenses of Bureau of Public Debt.--Section 9510(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by section 9 and subsection (a), is further amended-- (1) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ``or'' at the end; (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, and''; and (3) by adding at the end the following: ``(C) the payment of administrative and personnel expenses that the Bureau of the Public Debt incurs for financial services for the Trust Fund.''. SEC. 11. PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT CAMPAIGN. Section 2110(c) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300aa- 10(c)) is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, including by conducting a public service announcement campaign.''. SEC. 12. APPLICATION. The provisions of and amendments made by sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 apply to a petition filed under section 2111 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300aa-11) if the petition is pending on or filed after the date of the enactment of this Act.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 487, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00867", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0102", "text": "Important contributions to meson-nucleus scattering are produced by terms in the multiple-scattering series, which is defined as the sum of all diagrams where the meson scatters back and forth between a pair of static nucleons before leaving the nucleus. In particular, the sum of this series is needed for an accurate description of kaon-deuteron scattering, and appears as part of the nucleon-nucleon potential. In this article we present some effective-field-theory (EFT)-based insights into this series in the case of two-nucleon systems. In particular, we discuss the fact that, if meson-nucleon scattering is approximated by the scattering-length term, individual terms of the series are divergent, and enhanced with respect to the straightforward expectation from chiral perturbation theory ($\\chi$PT). This apparently indicates the presence of similarly enhanced counterterms. However, we show that when the series is resummed the divergences cancel, such that no additional information on short-range interactions is needed to obtain predictions for observables after resummation. We discuss the conditions under which this resummation is justified. We show that the same issues arise in the $NN$ potential, where the resummed series produces poles whose appearance indicates the breakdown scale of the $\\chi$PT expansion for that quantity. This demonstrates unequivocally that $\\chi$PT cannot be applied to compute $V(r)$ for distances smaller than $r \\sim 1$ fm at least in the theory without explicit Delta(1232) degrees of freedom. We briefly discuss whether this bound can be lowered if the Delta resonance is included in the EFT as an explicit degree of freedom.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 344, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00414", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0103", "text": "The Nernst effect has recently proven a sensitive probe for detecting unusual normal state properties of unconventional superconductors. In particular, it may sensitively detect Fermi surface reconstructions which are connected to a charge or spin density wave (SDW) ordered state, and even fluctuating forms of such a state. Here we summarize recent results for the Nernst effect of the iron pnictide superconductor $\\rm LaO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$, whose ground state evolves upon doping from an itinerant SDW to a superconducting state, and the cuprate superconductor $\\rm La_{1.8-x}Eu_{0.2}Sr_xCuO_4$ which exhibits static stripe order as a ground state competing with the superconductivity. In $\\rm LaO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$, the SDW order leads to a huge Nernst response, which allows to detect even fluctuating SDW precursors at superconducting doping levels where long range SDW order is suppressed. This is in contrast to the impact of stripe order on the normal state Nernst effect in $\\rm La_{1.8-x}Eu_{0.2}Sr_xCuO_4$. Here, though signatures of the stripe order are detectable in the temperature dependence of the Nernst coefficient, its overall temperature dependence is very similar to that of $\\rm La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$, where stripe order is absent. The anomalies which are induced by the stripe order are very subtle and the enhancement of the Nernst response due to static stripe order in $\\rm La_{1.8-x}Eu_{0.2}Sr_xCuO_4$ as compared to that of the pseudogap phase in $\\rm La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$, if any, is very small.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00418", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0104", "text": "If the peculiar motion of galaxy groups and clusters indeed resembles that of the surrounding baryons, then the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) pattern of those massive halos should be closely correlated to the kSZ pattern of all surrounding electrons. Likewise, it should also be correlated to the CMB E-mode polarization field generated via Thomson scattering after reionization. We explore the cross-correlation of the kSZ generated in groups and clusters to the all sky E-mode polarization in the context of upcoming CMB experiments like Planck, ACT, SPT or APEX. We find that this cross-correlation is effectively probing redshifts below $z=3-4$ (where most of baryons cannot be seen), and that it arises in the very large scales ($l<10$). The significance with which this cross-correlation can be measured depends on the Poissonian uncertainty associated to the number of halos where the kSZ is measured and on the accuracy of the kSZ estimations themselves. Assuming that Planck can provide a cosmic variance limited E-mode polarization map at $l<20$ and S/N $\\sim 1$ kSZ estimates can be gathered for all clusters more massive than $10^{14} M_{\\odot}$, then this cross-correlation should be measured at the 2--3 $\\sigma$ level. Further, if an all-sky ACT or SPT type CMB experiment provides similar kSZ measurements for all halos above $10^{13} M_{\\odot}$, then the cross-correlation total signal to noise (S/N) ratio should be at the level of 4--5. A detection of this cross-correlation would provide direct and definite evidence of bulk flows and missing baryons simultaneously.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00066", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0105", "text": "Over the past few days, a fun if implausible rumor has spread about Kid Rock being named as a potential Republican candidate for Debbie Stabenow’s Senate seat, which the Democrat has held since 2000. Judging from the headlines of local news outlets and Roll Call, you’d think Rock was seriously being considered for the roll, but alas the entire thing can be traced back to a quote by a single Tea Party operative in the state. The Detroit Free Press first reported the story on Saturday as part of a larger article about the discussions to retake the seat at a Michigan Republican Party convention last weekend. From the Free Press: Wes Nakagiri, a Livingston County Tea Party activist who was elected to the party’s central committee Friday night, said Kid Rock, who endorsed President Donald Trump, “has name I.D., is an out-of-the-box idea, and would kind of get rid of that stodgy Republican image.” The Trump candidacy could be “a template” for a Kid Rock candidacy, and “I’ll bet you he would generate as much excitement as Trump did,” Nakagiri told the Free Press. Those quotes were picked up two days later by local affiliates for ABC and CBS, both of which went with headlines that appeared to take Nakagiri seriously: “Could Kid Rock launch a campaign to take Debbie Stabenow’s Senate seat?” and “Kid Rock’s Name Tossed Out For Possible Senate Run.” One day later, national politics publication Roll Call published the story with the headline “Kid Rock Eyed as Potential Senate Candidate.” While Nakagiri is certainly active in Republican politics in Michigan—he ran for lieutenant governor in 2014, was one of the delegates from the state for the 2016 Republican National Convention, and was recently elected to the state party’s central committee—it seems safe to say that Kid Rock’s potential candidacy for Senate is just a rumor that, three days after it began, still hasn’t been addressed by Rock’s representatives. That said, we hope he runs, if only so we can all relive the glass dildo Insane Clown Posse controversy.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 426, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00653", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0106", "text": "the United States. (b) Modification of Allocation.--If the Secretary and the Counties determine the public interest will be better served thereby, they may agree to modify the precise water allocation made pursuant to this section or to enter into cooperative agreements (with or without reimbursement) to use, share, or otherwise administer such water rights and associated facilities as they determine appropriate. SEC. 8. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. (a) Time Requirement for Completing Transfer.--If the Counties make a timely offer, pursuant to section 2(a), the transfers of lands authorized and directed by this Act shall be completed no later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act. (b) Boundary Modifications.--The Secretary and the Counties may mutually agree to make modifications of the final boundary between tracts A and B prior to completion of the exchange authorized by this Act if such modifications are determined to better serve mutual objectives than the precise boundaries as set forth in the maps referenced in this Act. (c) Tract A Easement.--The transfer of tract A to the Counties shall be subject to the existing highway easement to the State of Colorado and to any other right, title, or interest of record. (d) Validity.--If any provision of this Act or the application thereof is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and application thereof, except for the precise provision held invalid, shall not be affected thereby. (e) Forest Headquarters and Administrative Offices.--The White River National Forest headquarters and administrative office in Glenwood Springs, Colorado, are hereby transferred from the jurisdiction of the United States General Services Administration to the jurisdiction of the Secretary, who shall retain such facilities unless and until otherwise provided by subsequent Act of Congress.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01013", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0107", "text": "If you’re a business owner or manager, holiday marketing is something that you probably should have thought of months ago. Marketing plans should technically be in place 6-12 months in advance. This allows for planning, budgeting, and the ability to add a new idea or event without panicking. Play Facebook Twitter Embed How retailers can prep for holiday shoppers 4:42 autoplay autoplay Copy this code to your website or blog The reality though is that a lot of businesses only develop their marketing plans few weeks in advance. So with Q4 looming, here are a few tricks to boost your holiday marketing efforts. Form a Marketing Partnership The old adage “team work makes the dream work” rings true even with marketing. Find another business to collaborate with for an event or joint marketing effort. Pick a business with a bigger social media presence or email mailing list than you, so that you can leverage the business’s broader reach. Then offer a complete marketing plan and offer to do most of the heavy lifting like event descriptions, clean up, and hosting to make it easy for them to say yes. Capture Your Customer’s Dollar Early Get customers through your doors before the holiday craze begins, and incentivize them to purchase early. Offer discounts, deals, preview nights, VIP customer access and more as a way to bring them into your business. Invite customers onto your site with a value proposition that is meaningful for them. For example, if you’re a bakery, host a free class on how to decorate cookies. If you’re a brewery, maybe it’s a beer tasting. Once customers are through your doors find ways to get them to spend money right away or soon after the event. Use the time that you have with them to promote whatever holiday specials, products or services you offer. Don’t wait for the customer to get into the holiday mood. It’s your job to get them there. Get Your Staff Involved Your staff should have a specific daily sales goal for Q4. If you’re a retailer, try to add on one item to every sale they ring up. If you’re a restaurant, make it a goal to have every table order at least 1 dessert. If you’re a gym, try to get every member to buy a one-month package for their loved one. Keep the goal simple and specific. Make sure your staff knows what the goal is and give tips on how to execute. Management can even make it into a game by giving prizes to the staff member or members", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00743", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0108", "text": "dwelling units. (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. (6) Split incentive problem.--The term ``split incentive problem'' means, with respect to multifamily housing, a situation in which-- (A) the occupant of a dwelling unit in the housing does not pay for energy, water, or gas consumption for such unit and is not incentivized to implement an energy savings measure; or (B) the owner does not pay for energy, water, or gas consumption for dwelling units in the housing and is not incentivized to implement an energy savings measure. (7) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the United States. (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2015, $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2016, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2017, and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2018 to carry out this section. SEC. 5. GREEN PRESERVATION EXPANSION. During the 5-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may waive any statutory or regulatory requirement regarding the eligibility of multifamily properties for an existing risk-sharing agreement entered into under section 542 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 1715z-22), but only if such waiver facilitates the adoption of energy or water conservation measures in such properties.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01015", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0109", "text": "If Our Girl‘s 2-section were under any illusion they were doing mighty fine work in Nigeria, Special Forces soldier Bones (real name Captain McClyde) is on hand to bring them straight back down to earth. Captain James is giving his team a collective pat on the back in episode two when Bones strolls into the room and asks, “why the f*** are you lot congratulating yourselves?” – his words dripping with disdain. Advertisement The Special Forces soldier was briefly glimpsed at the start of the new series where, on first impression, he was a thuggish mercenary, terrorising the local community. In fact, he was undercover, monitoring a group of schoolgirls taken hostage by the Boko Haram terrorist group – an operation blown by Georgie’s off-piste rescue mission. So, there’s plenty more to be seen of Bones in upcoming Our Girl episodes… Who plays Bones in Our Girl? That would be actor Olly Rix, who has been amassing a string of dramatic roles over the last few years, beginning with BBC drama Death Comes to Pemberley, playing Carthwright back in 2013. He moved onto parts in Midsomer Murders and Musketeers (as Navas), before playing DI Harry Sawyer in WPC 56. But his most substantial role to date is Of Kings and Prophets, an ABC drama co-starring Ray Winstone which aired in the States in 2015 before it was cancelled. Rix actually auditioned to play Captain James in the very first series of Our Girl: “Ben [Aldridge], of course, was a much better choice and the rest is history,” he says. What do we know about Bones? In the words of Rix: “He’s a tricky kind of guy. He’s abrasive, brash and yet highly competent as a soldier. He’s somewhat arrogant and intolerant of what he sees as pointless bureaucracy or anything that prevents him from doing his job. Ultimately, for all his naughtiness, he’s a decent man with a healthy disrespect for authority; he’s extremely focused on his missions and bailing out 2-Section every five minutes.” Why does Bones hate Captain James? It turns out the pair were at Sandhurst together, but while Bones excelled with an anarchic streak, Captain James was rather a goody two-shoes, a trait that Bones doesn’t exactly warm to. We know from creator Tony Grounds", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00687", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0110", "text": "We consider the formation and migration of protoplanetary embryos in disks around the stars in tight binary systems (separations ~ 20 AU. In such systems, the initial stages of runaway embryo formation are expected to only take place within some critical disk radius a_{crit}, due to the perturbing effect of the binary companions (Thebault et al. 2009). We perform n-body simulations of the evolution of such a population of inner-disk embryos surrounded by an outer-disk of smaller planetesimals. Taking Alpha Centauri-B as our fiducial reference example in which a_{crit} ~ 0.7 AU, and using a Minimum Mass Nebular Model with $\\Sigma \\propto a^{-3/2}$, we find that within 10^6 yrs (10^7 yrs), systems will on average contain embryos which have migrated out to 0.9 AU (1.2 AU), with the average outer-most body having a mass of 0.2 M_{earth} 0.4 M_{earth}. Changes to increase the surface density of solids or to use a flatter profile both produce increased embryo migration and growth. At a given time, the relative change in semi-major axis of the outer-most embryo in these simulations is found to be essentially independent of a_{crit}, and we note that little further embryo migration takes place beyond 10^7 years. We conclude that the suppression of runaway growth outside a_{crit} does not mean that the habitable zones in such tight binary systems will be devoid of detectable, terrestrial mass planets, even if a_{crit} lies significantly interior to the inner edge of the habitable zone.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 343, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00162", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0111", "text": "We consider the prospects for measuring squark flavor violation through the signal of single top production at the LHC. We study this signal in the context of R-symmetric supersymmetry, which allows for large flavor violation in the squark sector, however the results can also be generalized to the MSSM. The single top signal arises from squark pair production in which one squark decays to a top and gaugino, whereas the other squark decays to a non-top quark and gaugino. We study three decay patterns: (I) squark decay into a quark and neutralino LSP; (II) squark decay into a quark and neutralino NLSP, with subsequent decay of the NLSP to a photon and gravitino; (III) squark decay into a quark and chargino NLSP, with subsequent decay of the NLSP to a H^\\pm/W^\\pm and gravitino. Case II is the most promising, when the NLSP decay is prompt, since every event contains two hard photons that can be used to tag the events, reducing the background to a negligible level. Case I is promising if the neutralino LSP is bino-like. We carefully consider large SM backgrounds and identify a series of cuts to isolate the signal. Case III can occur in the MRSSM with Higgsino-like lightest gauginos. Due to the large Higgs coupling, squarks preferentially decay to top quarks, substantially reducing the potential flavor violating signal. Nevertheless, the flavor violating signal might still be identifiable if the chargino NLSP is long-lived.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 332, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00115", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0112", "text": "The branching fraction for the decays of gluinos to third generation quarks is expected to be enhanced in classes of supersymmetric models where either third generation squarks are lighter than other squarks, or in mixed-higgsino dark matter models constructed to be in concordance with the measured density of cold dark matter. In such scenarios, gluino production events at the CERN Large Hadron Collider should be rich in top and bottom quark jets. Requiring b-jets in addition to missing transverse energy should, therefore, enhance the supersymmetry signal relative to Standard Model backgrounds from V + jet, VV and QCD backgrounds (V=W, Z). We quantify the increase in the supersymmetry reach of the LHC from b-tagging in a variety of well-motivated models of supersymmetry. We also explore ``top-tagging'' at the LHC. We find that while the efficiency for this turns out to be too low to give an increase in reach beyond that obtained via b-tagging, top-tagging can indeed provide a confirmatory signal if gluinos are not too heavy. Finally, we explore the prospects for detecting the direct production of third generation squarks in models with an inverted squark mass hierarchy. This is signalled by b-jets + missing transverse energy events harder than in the Standard Model, but softer than those from the production of gluinos and heavier squarks. We find that while these events can be readily separated from SM background (for third generation squark masses ~300-500 GeV), the contamination from the much heavier gluinos and squarks remains formidable if these are also accessible.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 334, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00049", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0113", "text": "Monday trading in U.S. stocks was another reminder that investors have short memories. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell about 336 points, or 1.4%, to 24,611 points. The venerable stock index is now down slightly for 2018. But maybe we can still consider the glass to be half full, rather than half empty. On Monday (March 19), shares of Facebook Inc. FB, -6.77% declined 6.8% as some investors grew despondent over the uproar over the company’s disclosure that a company tied to President Trump’s 2016 election campaign gathered and retained data from millions of Facebook users without their permission. Facebook is not a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, -1.35% but the stock’s hammering set the stage for a bad day for technology stocks and U.S. stocks overall. More on the Facebook fallout: Facebook sheds more than $40 billion of market cap as investors flee stock Facebook election issues push investors toward Twitter and Snap Social-media ETF falls with Facebook set for biggest drop since November 2016 Dow summary All components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average were down Monday, except for Boeing Co. BA, +0.39% which was up slightly. Boeing has risen 12.5%, excluding dividends, this year. In 2017, it was the best Dow performer, with the shares soaring 89%. Here are the Dow 30 sorted by Monday’s declines: These figures include price changes. Dividends aren’t included. Despite the carnage Monday and the overall decline for the index this year, 13 of the Dow 30 are up for 2018, and three — Cisco Systems Inc. CSCO, -1.64% Boeing and Intel Corp. INTC, -0.66% — have increased by double digits. This performance follows 2017’s strength, when 21 of the 30 stocks were up by double digits (again, excluding dividends). So if you are lamenting the state of the market, keep in mind that the year is young, earnings estimates have been increasing and if you consider how much the market has been climbing and for how long, you might not be doing so badly.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 456, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00831", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0114", "text": "We prove that if U\\subset\\R^n is an open domain whose closure \\overline{U} is compact in the path metric, and F is a Lipschitz function on \\partial{U}, then for each \\beta\\in\\R there exists a unique viscosity solution to the \\beta-biased infinity Laplacian equation \\beta |\\nabla u| + \\Delta_\\infty u=0 on U that extends F, where \\Delta_\\infty u= |\\nabla u|^{-2} \\sum_{i,j} u_{x_i}u_{x_ix_j} u_{x_j}. In the proof, we extend the tug-of-war ideas of Peres, Schramm, Sheffield and Wilson, and define the \\beta-biased \\eps-game as follows. The starting position is x_0 \\in U. At the k^\\text{th} step the two players toss a suitably biased coin (in our key example, player I wins with odds of \\exp(\\beta\\eps) to 1), and the winner chooses x_k with d(x_k,x_{k-1}) < \\eps. The game ends when x_k \\in \\partial{U}, and player II pays the amount F(x_k) to player I. We prove that the value u^{\\eps}(x_0) of this game exists, and that \\|u^\\eps - u\\|_\\infty \\to 0 as \\eps \\to 0, where u is the unique extension of F to \\overline{U} that satisfies comparison with \\beta-exponential cones. Comparison with exponential cones is a notion that we introduce here, and generalizing a theorem of Crandall, Evans and Gariepy regarding comparison with linear cones, we show that a continuous function satisfies comparison with \\beta-exponential cones if and only if it is a viscosity solution to the \\beta-biased infinity Laplacian equation.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 404, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00094", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0115", "text": ",746 Cubans who were alleged criminals and could be returned to the island. When the U.S. abandoned the \"wet foot, dry foot\" policy in January, the two nations agreed that the list could be revised to add other Cuban \"marielitos\" who were subject to active deportation orders. Rudy Blanco was 8 when he was brought from the port of Mariel by his parents in 1980. He now has a family and owns a home-remodeling business in Perry, Florida. But because he was convicted of attempting to sell cocaine in 1998, he wasn't allowed to become a U.S. citizen and instead received an order of deportation by mail in 2005. Blanco was allowed to stay as long as he made routine visits to ICE. However, he was arrested on May 9 and is now awaiting deportation. An ICE spokeswoman said only that the agency intends to deport him based on the 2005 order. Blanco's wife, Shelly, said that both Florida Sen. Marco Rubio and the family's congressman, Rep. Neal Dunn, have told her they are trying to gather information on the case. Both men are Republicans. Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper, a Democrat, pardoned another Cuban immigrant for an armed robbery committed 19 years ago, in an effort to stave off his deportation. Rene Lima-Marin, 38, arrived as a toddler in the boatlift and 20 years later received a deportation order after his conviction. Apart from the Mariel list, Cuba has agreed to review deportations on a case-by-case basis. Fifty-seven Cubans have been deported since October, while 335 were arrested between Jan. 22 and April 29. Susan Eckstein, a sociology professor at Boston University, argues that Cubans' immigration privileges should end to make immigration policy more equitable for all foreign nationals. \"I would be very surprised if Trump changes Obama's policy because it is so consistent with his stance on immigration in general,\" she said.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 410, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00535", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0116", "text": "If you’ve taken a stroll through Spruce Grove over the last two months, you’ve probably noticed a series of letters posted along walking trails, parks and other public spaces. The letters are addressed to anonymous victims of sexual assault and violence and the practice marks the third installation of Spruce Grove’s Survivor Love Letters project. Spearheaded by Stephanie Chard, the Love Letters project aims to provide support to those affected by sexual violence in the tri-region and to the further the conversation around consent in the region. “What I’ve done is I’ve put a call out to community members in Spruce Grove and the surrounding area for them to write a letter to a survivor (of sexual violence),” Chard said. \"It’s not focused on one person in particular, or calling anyone out, it’s to the broader survivors within our community.” Over the years, Chard has been flooded with letters from the public, expressing their support and belief in those victimized by sexual violence. She takes those heartfelt letters and distributes them throughout the community. “What I did is I took those letters that I got, put them on coloured paper, decorated them and laminated them and placed them throughout the community,” she said. The last two years have been dominated by increased focus on consent and sexual violence with movements like #MeToo and the arrest of disgraced media mogul Harvey Weinstein, but Chard began her work three years ago from a personal place. “I’m a survivor in this community. As I was growing up and in high school I felt very alone. I did not feel supported and didn’t know anyone in the community who had faced similar situations as I had,” Chard said. “It’s a topic that has a lot of stigma behind it. People don’t want to talk about it even if they are survivors. So trying to get the word out and get people to talk about it and shed some light on the topic.” The Love Letters project has received positive feedback from the community, says Chard who noted she receives messages through social media about the conversations that her project has sparked between families and friends. She’s hoping that those experiences will help improve sexual assault services in Spruce Grove and the surrounding areas. “I’d like to see a sexual assault centre in Spruce Grove. I think it’s highly needed,” Chard said. “We have one in Edmonton but when I was in high school I had no transportation. I had no one that I felt like I could", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00552", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0117", "text": "In order to examine the far-IR/radio correlation at high redshift we have studied the Spitzer 70um/far-infrared (far-IR) properties of sub-mJy radio sources from the 13^H XMM-Newton/Chandra Deep Field by redshift and galaxy type: active galactic nucleus (AGN) or star forming galaxy (SFG). We directly detect 70um counterparts (at >3sigma significance) for 22.5% (92/408) of the radio sources, while for the rest we perform stacking analysis by redshift and galaxy type. For the sources detected at 70um we find that the median and scatter of the observed flux density ratio, q70, are similar to previous results in the literature, but with a slight decrease in q70 towards higher redshifts. Of the radio sources detected at 70um 8/92 were already classified as AGN, but two of which maybe SFGs. For the stacked sources we obtain a detection for the SFGs at every redshift bin which implies they have mean flux densities a factor ~5 below the original 70um detection limit. For the stacked AGN we obtain a detection only in our highest redshift bin (1<~z<~5) where we may be sampling hot dust associated with the AGN at rest-frame 12-35um. The combined observed mean value of q70 for the SFGs (detected and non-detected at 70um) decreases gradually with redshift, consistent with tracks derived from empirical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of local SFGs. Upon closer inspection and when comparing with tracks of appropriate luminosity, the values of q70 broadly agree at low redshift. However, at z~1, the observed q70 (for ULIRGs) is 2sigma below the value seen for local ULIRGs tracks, implying a difference in the SED between local and z~1 ULIRGs. At higher redshifts, the convergence of the tracks and the higher uncertainties in q70 do not allow us to determine if such a difference persists.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 439, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00146", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0118", "text": "if applicable), and other costs and fees that would be expected to be due if the mortgagor obtained instead other mortgage products offered by the lender and for which the borrower would qualify with a similar loan- to-value ratio in connection with a conventional mortgage (as that term is used in section 305(a)(2) of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 1454(a)(2)) or section 302(b)(2) of the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1717(b)(2)), as applicable), assuming prevailing interest rates; and ``(B) a statement regarding when the requirement of the mortgagor to pay the mortgage insurance premiums for a mortgage insured under this section would terminate, or a statement that the requirement shall terminate only if the mortgage is refinanced, paid off, or otherwise terminated.''. SEC. 3. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. Section 245 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1715z-10) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``, or if the mortgagor'' and all that follows through ``case of veterans''; and (2) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``, or, if the'' and all that follows through ``for veterans,''. SEC. 4. REPEAL OF GNMA GUARANTEE FEE INCREASE. Section 972 of the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 (Public Law 105-244; 112 Stat. 1837) is hereby repealed. SEC. 5. INDEXING OF FHA MULTIFAMILY HOUSING LOAN LIMITS. (a) The National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 206 the following new section 206A (12 U.S.C. 1712A): ``SEC. 206A. INDEXING OF FHA MULTIFAMILY HOUSING LOAN LIMITS. ``(a) Method of Indexing.--The dollar amounts set forth in-- ``(1) section 207(c)(3)(A) (12 U.S.C. 1713(c)(3)(A)); ``(2) section 213(b)(2)(A) (12 U.S.C. 1715e(b)(2)(A)); ``(3) section 220(d)(3)(B)(iii)(I", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00924", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0119", "text": "given that term under section 551, except that such term does not include-- ``(A) any rule of particular applicability, including a rule that approves or prescribes for the future rates, wages, prices, services, or allowances therefor, corporate or financial structures, reorganizations, mergers, or acquisitions thereof, or accounting practices or disclosures bearing on any of the foregoing; ``(B) any rule relating to agency management or personnel; or ``(C) any rule of agency organization, procedure, or practice that does not substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency parties. ``Sec. 802. Congressional approval of major rules ``Subject to section 805, before a major rule can take effect, such rule shall be-- ``(1) submitted to Congress as required under section 803; and ``(2) approved by a joint resolution described under section 804. ``Sec. 803. Congressional review ``(a)(1) Any agency promulgating a major rule shall submit to each House of Congress and to the Comptroller General a report containing-- ``(A) a copy of the major rule; ``(B) a concise general statement relating to the major rule; and ``(C) the proposed effective date of the major rule. ``(2) On the date of the submission of the report under paragraph (1), the agency promulgating the major rule shall submit to the Comptroller General and make available to each House of Congress-- ``(A) a complete copy of the cost-benefit analysis of the major rule, if any; ``(B) the agency's actions relevant to sections 603, 604, 605, 607, and 609; ``(C) the agency's actions relevant to sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995; and ``(D) any other relevant information or requirements under any other Act or any relevant Executive order. ``(3) Upon receipt of a report submitted under paragraph (1), each House shall provide copies of the report to the chairman and ranking member of each standing committee with jurisdiction under the rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives to report a bill to amend the provision of law under which the major rule is issued. ``Sec. 804. Approval procedure ``(a)(1) In this section, the term `joint resolution' means only a joint resolution that-- ``(A) is introduced on the date described under paragraph", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00975", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0120", "text": "The secondary-to-primary B/C ratio is widely used to study the cosmic ray (CR) propagation processes in the Galaxy. It is usually assumed that secondary nuclei such as Li-Be-B are entirely generated by collisions of heavier CR nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM). We study the CR propagation under a scenario where secondary nuclei can also be produced or accelerated from galactic sources. We consider the processes of hadronic interactions inside supernova remnants (SNRs) and re-acceleration of background CRs in strong shocks. Thus, we investigate their impact in the propagation parameter determination within present and future data. The spectra of Li-Be-B nuclei emitted from SNRs are harder than those due to CR collisions with the ISM. The secondary-to-primary ratios flatten significantly at ~TeV/n energies, both from spallation and re-acceleration in the sources. The two mechanisms are complementary to each other and depend on the properties of the local ISM around the expanding remnants. The secondary production in SNRs is significant for dense background media, n ~1 cm^-3, while the amount of re-accelerated CRs is relevant for SNRs expanding into rarefied media, n ~0.1 cm-3. Due to these effects, the the diffusion parameter 'delta' may be misunderstood by a factor of ~5-15%. Our estimations indicate that an experiment of the AMS-02 caliber can constrain the key propagation parameters while breaking the source-transport degeneracy, for a wide class of B/C-consistent models. Given the precision of the data expected from on-going experiments, the SNR production/acceleration of secondary nuclei should be considered, if any, to prevent a possible mis-determination of the CR transport parameters.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00433", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0121", "text": "unique to the Zero1, Marver says, is a multilayered approach to protection. The helmet is made with a collapsible outer shell which covers a layer of vertical columns composed of a proprietary material that compress to absorb shock from a hit. “This is designed to endure thousands of collisions,” Marver says, pushing on the flexible outer shell. “It bounces back each time, and the whole process is invisible to the naked eye.” The Zero1 recently came down in price, from $1500 down to $950, which is still almost four times as much as the NFL’s number two ranked helmet, the Schutt Air XP Pro VTD II. Is the Zero1 that much safer? Arthur Maerlender with the Brain Injury Alliance of Nebraska and a professor in the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln said the verdict is still out. But, he added that any parent looking for fool-proof equipment to eliminate concussions in their son or daughter will be out of luck. “We’re not able to say, ‘This is good, you’re never going to get a concussion with this helmet,’” Maerlender said. “That’s just not going to happen.” Instead, Maerlender said, one of the best things parents can do is to make sure their child athletes are removed from playing and taken to see a doctor after its suspected they may have suffered a concussion. The NFL states on its helmet ranking poster that any advantage the Zero1 had over the 13 other helmets in the \"top-performing-group\" is statistically insignificant. The independent Virginia tech STAR helmet rating system — widely considered the industry standard — has yet to test the Zero1 because it hasn't been publicly available until recently. VICIS maintains their research and design will only continue to improve and that the cost will only go down. “Like a lot of new technologies, it's expensive at first,” Marver said when asked about the cost. For the Connor family, the high cost wasn’t a deterrent. Andy Connor felt that having the top-ranked helmet was a no-brainer. “I couldn't really make the decision not to do it knowing what could happen if I didn't,\" Connor said.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 454, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00637", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0122", "text": "When an accreting star is close to rotational equilibrium between the dipole component of the stellar magnetic field and the accretion disk, the star's rotation rate is roughly of the order of the Keplerean rotation rate at the inner boundary of the disk, estimated as the conventional Alfven radius. A range of frequencies higher than this equilibrium rotation frequency can naturally arise if the accretion flow is channeled by higher multipoles of the star's magnetic field. The higher multipole components of the magnetic field will balance the material stresses of the accretion flow at radii closer to the star. The Kepler frequencies associated with these generalized Alfven radii increase with the order of the multipole. Other frequency bands, like the epicyclic frequencies associated with the accretion flow, may in turn be higher than the Kepler frequencies. We present expressions for the spectrum of higher frequencies arising due to these effects. Kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation frequencies that are much higher than the rotation rate of the neutron star, as observed from the recently discovered 11 Hz (P = 90 ms) X-ray pulsar IGR J17480-2446 in the globular cluster Terzan 5, may be due to modulation of the accretion rate by the excitation of these modes in the accretion flow. The very high QPO frequencies observed from the soft gamma repeaters SGR 1806-20 (P = 5.2 s) and SGR 1900+14 (P = 7.5 s) may also correspond to these characteristic frequencies if SGRs accrete from fallback disks around them.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 339, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00464", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0123", "text": "If South Africa has many business concerns in Nigeria and they keep hating and killing Nigerians this way, then the government of Nigeria should immediately wake up and give South Africa a strong word on this mindless killings and if South Africans do not desist from this cruelty to Nigerians, South African businesses in Nigeria should be expelled from the country. South Africa makes billions of naira from Nigeria, yet they hate Nigerians so much even when they are supposed to unite with Nigerians to forge a common front as the two leading nations in Africa. This should no longer be condoned by Nigerians and the Nigerian government. If we don’t protect our citizens, other countries will continue to maim and kill them without minding the consequences. If our government keeps taking this serious issue of the continuous killing of Nigerians in South Africa with levity, South Africans will continue to kill Nigerians in South Africa. When Nelson Mandela the former South African president was alive, he advocated African unity and was a father to all. He benefited so much after all his struggles, from Nigerian efforts towards liberating South Africa from Apartheid rule which for many years oppressed South African citizens. After freedom from the clutches of white minority rule, it is unthinkable that South Africa would now turn against Nigeria who incidentally was instrumental to their freedom. This should no longer be acceptable to the Nigerian people. The government of Nigeria must immediately take this issue very seriously. One of the reasons why the killing of innocent Nigerians in South Africa persists is because the Nigerian government has over the years taken this issue with levity. No country can progress when its citizens are not protected wherever they are. The government of President Muhammadu Buhari has done little or nothing to stop these mindless killings. The government should now do more in this regard. President Buhari should interface with the new South African president and give him a strong word on this issue. There should be consequences for South Africa if these killings of Nigerian citizens continue. The life of every Nigerian citizen is sacrosanct and must be duly protected. By TAYO DEMOLA, Human Rights Advocate/Activist & Author. Lagos, Nigeria. He can be reached via [email protected] Do you have something awesome to share with the world? Click here to share Do you ever have any question about anything you wish to ask and get answer? Click here to ask Follow us on twitter @NigeriaTodayNG Also, Like us on facebook Share this", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00638", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0124", "text": "If you’re not over-stuffed on funky, artisanal pizzas, make room for PQR’s Roman-style, rectangular slices ($4 to $8). The new spot at 1631 Second Ave. (near East 85th Street) is the only place in town that boasts the airy-yet-crispy pizza crust made famous by PQR partner and head chef Angelo Iezzi, who began tossing his signature dough in Rome in 1987. He went on to become a “pizza god,” according to PQR owner Fabio Casella, who also runs nearby San Matteo. Iezzi, who first learned to make pizza at age 13, was regarded by Italy’s old-school pizza masters as a dangerous renegade when he launched his contrarian style, which relies on a lighter dough, in the late 1980s. But it soon caught on, and he now heads a global pizza-making school called Associazione Pizzerie Italiane in Rome. The Iezzi process starts with special flour. PQR uses taglio alle romana, a soft wheat variety that’s not as heavy as the ubiquitous “00” flour. It’s used to form a dough that ferments for 96 hours and is 80 percent water, 20 percent flour. That’s much wetter than typical pizza doughs, which have water-flour ratios of 70 to 30 or 60 to 40. The dough is pressed into massive, 2-centimeter-deep pans, topped with an ever-changing variety of ingredients and cooked in a volcanic-stone oven for 13 minutes. The result is a crust that’s “soft but crisp with air bubbles inside,” Casella says. It ably supports toppings that range from the classic margherita to spicy soppressata with grape tomatoes to marvelously aromatic crema di zucca (squash) with pancetta and provolone. I loved them all except for one with black truffles and potatoes, a combination oddly without much flavor. The lighter dough was something of a revelation. I’m bloated after a single slice of Ray’s, but after eating most of four different PQR slices, I only wanted more.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 448, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00822", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0125", "text": "If there are scalar particles of small or moderate mass coupled very weakly to Dirac neutrinos, in a minimal way, then neutrino-anti-neutrino clouds of sufficient number density can experience an instability in which helicities are suddenly reversed. The predicted collective evolution is many orders of magnitude faster than given by cross-section calculations. The instabilities are the analogue of the ``flavor-angle\" instabilities (enabled by the Z exchange force) that may drive very rapid flavor exchange among the neutrinos that emerge from a supernova. These exchanges do require a tiny seed in addition to the scalar couplings, but the transition time is proportional to the negative of the logarithm of the seed strength, so that the size of this parameter is comparatively unimportant. For our actual estimates we use a tiny non-conservation of leptons; an alternative would be a neutrino magnetic moment in a small magnetic field. The possibility of a quantum fluctuation as a seed is also discussed. Operating in the mode of putting limits on the coupling constant of the scalar field, for the most minimal coupling scheme, with independent couplings to all three $\\nu$, we find a rough limit on the dimensionless coupling constant for a neutrino-flavor independent coupling of $G<10^{-10}$, to avoid the effective number of light neutrinos in the early universe being essentially six. If, on the other hand, we wish to fine-tune the model to give a more modest excess (over three) in the effective neutrino number, as may be needed according to recent WMAP analyses, it is easy to do so. \\pacs{13.15.+g}", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00283", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0126", "text": "few weeks are “crunch time” for school districts who are deciding on what their budgets will look like for next year. “It’s a difficult position our districts are in,” Joyce remarked. “They don’t want to initiate the pink slip process, but I think they’re coming to that time where it’s going to become a reality.” As Joyce explains, time is running out for school districts all across the state. But it is not too late for a change. Welborn and many others have spent the past few days imploring the General Assembly to change course and all those who are concerned about the wellbeing of North Carolina’s school districts should do the same. “To continue going down this road is not helping children,” Welborn warned. Everyone in North Carolina wants to make sure that children in this state receive the best education that they can, most of all the school districts themselves. Therefore, the North Carolina General Assembly should listen to those who are closest to the issue and reconsider the K-3 class size mandate. Moreover, they would also do well to provide more funding to the public schools that they claim to care about so much. As of 2015, North Carolina ranks 47th in the nation in teacher pay and 46th in per-pupil funding. As someone who has worked in the North Carolina public school system, I have talked to a number of educators who have told me that even well-meaning and compassionate teachers will leave North Carolina in order to pursue a job that pays better. While class size is certainly an issue that needs to be analyzed, the real crisis is the dismally low amount of money that the General Assembly allocates to its public school system. The legislature therefore has two options: either increase funding for the districts or reconsider the K-3 mandate. The latter is probably the more likely scenario, but even that prospect looks relatively bleak. Yet if the General Assembly wants to do what is best for school districts, the latter option is exactly what they have to choose.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 406, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00584", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0127", "text": "2 through 6 of this Act shall cease to have force or effect at the end of fiscal year 2017. SEC. 9. AUTHORITY OF INSPECTORS GENERAL. Title XXXVII of the Crime Control Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5779 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 3703. AUTHORITY OF INSPECTORS GENERAL. ``(a) In General.--An Inspector General appointed under section 3 or 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) may authorize staff to assist the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children-- ``(1) by conducting reviews of inactive case files to develop recommendations for further investigations; and ``(2) by engaging in similar activities. ``(b) Limitations.-- ``(1) Priority.--An Inspector General may not permit staff to engage in activities described in subsection (a) if such activities will interfere with the duties of the Inspector General under the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.). ``(2) Funding.--No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section.''. SEC. 10. USE OF RESOURCES. The Attorney General may reprogram funds appropriated for any congressionally directed spending item (as that term is defined under rule XLIV of the Standing Rules of the Senate) to carry out this Act or the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (Public Law 109- 248; 120 Stat. 587), or an amendment made by that Act, if Congress does not provide funding to carry out those Acts or amendments at the levels authorized.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01032", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0128", "text": "If the RealDoll wasn’t already threat enough to flesh-and-blood relationships, get ready for the faux lovers — designed to look hotter than any humans on the planet — to outthink us, as well as out-sex us. The company that produces the $7,000-or-so fornication toys, made from silicon and painted by hand, is coming out with a high-tech app that gives its products artificial brains. The hope is that the new iteration of RealDolls will be able to establish emotional ties to their owners — and, in the not too distant future, have some robotic qualities as well. It gets us one step closer to a real-world version of the film “Her”, in which Joaquin Phoenix’s character falls in love with the Alexa-style software in his computer. “They made a movie about what we are trying to do,” Matt McMullen, CEO of RealDoll fabricator Abyss Creations, tells the Post. “We just released the AI as an app on the phone to customize [the doll’s] personality. Toward the end of the year, we will release the robotic counterpart.” According to Digital Trends, the AI-wired head alone — slated for later this year, and available as an add-on to existing dolls — will go for around $10,000. Not only will the sex bots ultimately be able to move their lips and bodies and speak in a variety of accents, but they will also possess the ability to learn. As explained on Techmine, RealDolls with artificial brains will be able to remember the “main events [in their owners’ lives]” and “create a simulation of a compelling relationship.” Eventually, the hope goes, these RealDolls will be able to hold up their end of a conversation. It’s still a work in progress. As reported on Engadget, when asked its favorite sexual position, the brain-infused RealDoll mistakenly responded, “She’s not that kind of girl” — but refinements are coming along. (Phew. Nobody wants a reserved old maid of an artificial sex surrogate.) McMullen, who is married and does not have a RealDoll of his own, expects to see his creations become something more than merely sex objects. “A lot of people are focusing on the fact that it is a sex robot,” he says. “But it’s more [oriented toward] companionship. We are trying to create an alternative for people who don’t necessarily", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00820", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0129", "text": "We studied the impact of the revisited values for the LSR circular velocity of the Milky Way (Reid et al. 2004) on the formation of the Magellanic Stream. The LSR circular velocity was varied within its observational uncertainties as a free parameter of the interaction between the Large (LMC) and the Small (SMC) Magellanic Clouds and the Galaxy. We have shown that the large-scale morphology and kinematics of the Magellanic Stream may be reproduced as tidal features, assuming the recent values of the proper motions of the Magellanic Clouds (Kallivayalil et al. 2006). Automated exploration of the entire parameter space for the interaction was performed to identify all parameter combinations that allow for modeling the Magellanic Stream. Satisfactory models exist for the dynamical mass of the Milky Way within a wide range of 0.6*10^12Msun to 3.0*10^12Msun and over the entire 1-sigma errors of the proper motions of the Clouds. However, the successful models share a common interaction scenario. The Magellanic Clouds are satellites of the Milky Way, and in all cases two close LMC-SMC encounters occurred within the last 4Gyr at t<-2.5Gyr and t approx. -150Myr, triggering the formation of the Stream and of the Magellanic Bridge, respectively. The latter encounter is encoded in the observed proper motions and inevitable in any model of the interaction. We conclude that the tidal origin of the Magellanic Stream implies the previously introduced LMC/SMC orbital history, unless the parameters of the interaction are revised substantially.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00265", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0130", "text": "the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands of the United States, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, and each federally recognized Indian Tribe. (14) User.--The term ``user'' means, with respect to a covered service, a person who-- (A) is a current or former-- (i) subscriber to such service; or (ii) holder of an account for such service; (B) purchases such service without a subscription or account; (C) is an applicant for such service; or (D) in the case of a service described in clause (iii) or (iv) of paragraph (4)(A), uses the service. (15) User information.--The term ``user information'' means any information that-- (A) a provider of a covered service acquires in connection with the provision of such service; and (B) is linked or reasonably linkable to an individual. SEC. 7. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW. (a) Preemption of State Law.--No State or political subdivision of a State shall, with respect to a provider of a covered service subject to this Act, adopt, maintain, enforce, or impose or continue in effect any law, rule, regulation, duty, requirement, standard, or other provision having the force and effect of law relating to or with respect to the privacy of user information. (b) Other Federal Law.-- (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), nothing in this Act shall be construed to supercede any other Federal statute or regulation relating to information privacy. (2) Communications act of 1934.--Insofar as any provision of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) or any regulations promulgated under such Act apply to any person, partnership, or corporation subject to this Act with respect to privacy policies, terms of service, and practices covered by this Act, such provision of the Communications Act of 1934 or such regulations shall have no force or effect, unless such regulations pertain to emergency services.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 437, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01055", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0131", "text": "We examine existence and stability of relative equilibria of the $n$-vortex problem specialized to the case where $N$ vortices have small and equal circulation and one vortex has large circulation. As the small circulation tends to zero, the weak vortices tend to a circle centered on the strong vortex. A special potential function of this limiting problem can be used to characterize orbits and stability. Whenever a critical point of this function is nondegenerate, we prove that the orbit can be continued, and its linear stability is determined by properties of the potential. For $N\\geq 3$ there are at least three distinct families of critical points associated to the limiting problem. Assuming nondegeneracy, one of these families continues to a linearly stable class of relative equilibria with small and large circulation of the same sign. This class becomes unstable as the small circulation passes through zero and changes sign. Another family of critical points which is always nondegenerate continues to a configuration with small vortices arranged in an $N$-gon about the strong central vortex. This class of relative equilibria is linearly unstable regardless of the sign of the small circulation when $N\\geq 4$. Numerical results suggest that the third family of critical points of the limiting problem also continues to a linearly unstable class of solutions of the full problem independent of the sign of the small circulation. Thus there is evidence that linearly stable relative equilibria exist when the large and small circulation strengths are of the same sign, but that no such solutions exist when they have opposite signs. The results of this paper are in contrast to those of the analogous celestial mechanics problem, for which the $N$-gon is the only relative equilibrium for $N$ sufficiently large, and is linearly stable if and only if $N\\geq 7$.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00286", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0132", "text": "A simple pillbox model with two adjustable parameters accounts for the selectivity of both DEEA Ca channels and DEKA Na channels in many ionic solutions of different composition and concentration. Only the side chains are different in the model of the Ca and Na channels. Parameters are the same for both channels in all solutions. 'Pauling' radii are used for ions. No information from crystal structures is used in the model. Side chains are grossly approximated as spheres. The predicted properties of the Na and Ca channels are very different. How can such a simple model give such powerful results when chemical intuition says that selectivity depends on the precise relation of ions and side chains? We use Monte Carlo simulations of this model that determine the most stable-lowest free energy-structure of the ions and side chains. Structure is the computed consequence of the forces in this model. The relationship of ions and side chains vary with ionic solution and are very different in simulations of the Na and Ca channels. Selectivity is a consequence of the 'induced fit' of side chains to ions and depends on the flexibility (entropy) of the side chains as well as their location. The model captures the relation of side chains and ions well enough to account for selectivity of both Na channels and Ca channels in the wide range of conditions measured in experiments. Evidently, the structures in the real Na and Ca channels responsible for selectivity are self-organized, at their free energy minimum. Oversimplified models are enough to account for selectivity if the models calculate the 'most stable' structure as it changes from solution to solution, and mutation to mutation.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 329, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00152", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0133", "text": "Very recently Ben Andrews and Haizhong Li showed that every embedded cmc torus in the three dimensional sphere is axially symmetric. There is a two-parametric family of axially symmetric cmc surfaces; more precisely, for every real number H and every C > 2 (H+\\sqrt{1+H^2}) there is an axially symmetry surface \\Sigma_{H,C} with mean curvature H. In 2010, Perdomo showed that for every H between cot(\\pi/m) and (m^2-2)/(2(m^2-1)^1/2), there exists an embedded axially symmetric example with non constant principal curvatures that is invariant under the ciclic group Z_m. Andrews and Li, showed that these examples are the only non-isoparametric embedded examples in the family when H>0. In this paper we study those examples in the family with H<0. We prove that there are no embedded examples in the family when H<0 and we also prove that for every integer m>2 there is a properly immersed example in this family that contains a great circle and is invariant under the ciclic group Z_m. We will say that these examples contain the axis of symmetry. Finally we show that every non-isoparametric surface \\Sigma_{H,C} is either properly immersed invariant under the ciclic group Z_m for some integer m>1 or it is dense in the region bounded by two isoparametric tori if the surface \\Sigma_{H,C} does not contain the axis of symmetry or it is dense in the region bounded by a totally umbilical surface if the surface \\Sigma_{H,C} contains the axis of symmetry.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00495", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0134", "text": "If you love all things Italian, you’ll probably want to pay a visit to a cosy new Croydon bistro which serves up rich coffees, fresh salads and handmade sweet treats. Romeo, on Wickham Road in Shirley, was opened on September 29 by husband and wife team Tracey-ann and Julian Sequino, who wanted to bring a taste of Italy to their neighbourhood. The couple, who have two young children, had been running a similar café in central London for more than ten years when they decided it was time to “bring a bit of London and Italy closer to home”. “When we first moved here, we loved the area but we realised it was just not possible to stop and have a nice coffee anywhere after a walk,” Tracey-ann explained. “There’s a lovely little community here and we wanted to offer some diversity to the parade by providing an alternative to a greasy spoon – fry-ups are great but you just don’t fancy them every day. “Our menu consists of things that nowhere else around here offers and everything is light, fresh and made from scratch.” The bistro serves hot breakfast and lunch dishes as well as pastries, cakes, tarts, salads and paninis in a variety of flavours. The menu been designed with Julian’s expertise as a fourth-generation chef, and all dishes can be eaten in or taken away. “We want people to make themselves at home here and to serve them food which is all about quality rather than quantity,” Tracey-ann said. “The menu is simple so we can focus on doing a few things very well – and so that customers who are popping in quickly on the school run can choose something they will love.” For breakfast, you might choose granola with fresh berries and yoghurt or an egg muffin – which is a crustless quiche made with carrots, peppers and crispy pancetta. Hearty lunch dishes include a beef and vegetable stew and baked aubergines stuffed with tomato sauce and cheese, with lighter bites like bruschetta and fig salad with mozzarella also available. If you’re peckish between meals, sweet treats on the menu include fruit gateau, chocolate and citrus cupcakes and brioche buns filled with cream or Nutella and berries. To drink, there's a tempting range of herbal teas and hot coffee on offer, as well as Italian-style thick hot chocolate. Cold drinks include smoothies, pear juice, apricot juice and an", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00703", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0135", "text": "We give sufficient and necessary geometric conditions, guaranteeing that an immersed compact closed manifold $\\Sigma^m\\subset \\R^n$ of class $C^1$ and of arbitrary dimension and codimension (or, more generally, an Ahlfors-regular compact set $\\Sigma$ satisfying a mild general condition relating the size of holes in $\\Sigma$ to the flatness of $\\Sigma$ measured in terms of beta numbers) is in fact an embedded manifold of class $C^{1,\\tau}\\cap W^{2,p}$, where $p>m$ and $\\tau=1-m/p$. The results are based on a careful analysis of Morrey estimates for integral curvature--like energies, with integrands expressed geometrically, in terms of functions that are designed to measure either (a) the shape of simplices with vertices on $\\Sigma$ or (b) the size of spheres tangent to $\\Sigma$ at one point and passing through another point of $\\Sigma$. Appropriately defined \\emph{maximal functions} of such integrands turn out to be of class $L^p(\\Sigma)$ for $p>m$ if and only if the local graph representations of $\\Sigma$ have second order derivatives in $L^p$ and $\\Sigma$ is embedded. There are two ingredients behind this result. One of them is an equivalent definition of Sobolev spaces, widely used nowadays in analysis on metric spaces. The second one is a careful analysis of local Reifenberg flatness (and of the decay of functions measuring that flatness) for sets with finite curvature energies. In addition, for the geometric curvature energy involving tangent spheres we provide a nontrivial lower bound that is attained if and only if the admissible set $\\Sigma$ is a round sphere.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00430", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0136", "text": "If billboards popping up in Nashville are any indication, Mayor Megan Barry's admission on Wednesday that she had an affair with the former head of her security detail, has done little to erode her support among the residents of Tennessee's largest city. Case in point: At least two billboards proclaiming \"We Love Our Mayor\" have been spotted in Nashville. One is situated off Interstate 24 and another is located in downtown Nashville on Silliman Evans bridge, ABC affiliate WKRN reported Friday. According to WKRN, it is unclear who paid for the billboards. WKRN said it reached out to the billboard company for comment but has yet to hear back. Mark Humphrey/AP \"Today, I have acknowledged publicly that I have engaged in an extramarital affair with the former head of my security detail,\" Barry said in a statement Wednesday, of the affair with retired Metro Nashville Police Department Sgt. Robert Forrest. Barry continued, \"I accept full responsibility for the pain I have caused my family and his. I am so sorry to my husband Bruce, who has stood by me in my darkest moments and remains committed to our marriage, just as I am committed to repairing the damage I have done.\" At a press conference Wednesday, following her statement's release, Barry told reporters that the affair \"is over.\" WKRN Forrest, meanwhile, said in a statement, \"I deeply regret that my professional relationship with Mayor Barry turned into a personal one. This has caused great pain for my wife, my family, friends and colleagues. At no time did I ever violate my oath as a police office or engage in actions that would abuse the public trust.\" WKRN via Nashville.gov Nashville TV station WZTV spoke to drivers who expressed their support of the embattled mayor. \"Megan Barry has done a lot for Nashville,\" Nashville resident Latisha Yarlett told WZTV. \"She's brought us a very far way.\" Fellow resident Andy Martin told the TV station, \"When I saw the billboard I thought you know that's Nashville . That's pretty cool.\"", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 417, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00541", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0137", "text": "Share Twitch has revealed the May lineup for its Free Games with Prime program. Headlined by indie darling Gone Home, May’s slate of six games features an eclectic bunch of critically acclaimed indies that are sure to appeal to a wide variety of gamers. By now, Gone Home probably doesn’t need an introduction. The 2013 game from Fullbright was one of the first major successes in the walking simulator genre, and featured a gripping domestic mystery that focuses on narrative over gameplay. If you still haven’t gotten around to Gone Home, this is an opportunity you shouldn’t pass up. Next up is Titan Souls, a devilishly challenging top-down adventure with pixelated visuals. You play as a nameless hero who must defeat 19 challenging bosses called Titans. To make matters more challenging, you only wield a single arrow. So each time you shoot, you must go retrieve the arrow from the target. It may not sound as appealing, but this 2015 indie is a tough-as-nails delight that makes great use of its singular mechanic. Also up for grabs is the 2003 cult hit Psychonauts from Double Fine Productions. The platforming game focuses on a summer camp for psychically gifted kids. Raz, with the help of other campers, suspects that something bigger is going on at the camp and sets off to investigative. Wonderful dialogue, neat powers, interesting set pieces, and the endless charm that Double Fine is known for are all on display in Psychonauts. Zany physics-based arcade racer Clustertruck tasks players with maneuvering through all sorts of ridiculous hazards during its increasingly challenging series of levels. You can also pick up High Hell, a “neon-soaked” first-person shooter with simplistic but appealing visuals and fast-paced action that will appeal to fans of old-school shooters. Rounding out May’s lineup is I, Hope, a poignant adventure about a young girl who has been affected by cancer. According to its Steam page, I, Hope was created specifically to inspire kids who are battling cancer, and all developer profits are being donated to Game Changer Charity, a nonprofit whose mission is to help kids in hospitals. All six games will be available for free for Amazon Prime members. Even if you’re subscription lapses, you can still play Free Games with Prime. May’s games go live on the first of the month, so make sure you have secured April’s lineup if you haven’t already.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00717", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0138", "text": "In this paper we present a new derivation of the QCD factorization. We deduce the k_T- and collinear factorizations for the DIS structure functions by consecutive reductions of a more general theoretical construction. We begin by studying the amplitude of the forward Compton scattering off a hadron target, representing this amplitude as a set of convolutions of two blobs connected by the simplest, two-parton intermediate states. Each blob in the convolutions can contain both the perturbative and non-perturbative contributions. We formulate conditions for separating the perturbative and non-perturbative contributions and attributing them to the different blobs. After that the convolutions correspond to the QCD factorization. Then we reduce this totally unintegrated (basic) factorization first to the k_T- factorization and finally to the collinear factorization. In order to yield a finite expression for the Compton amplitude, the integration over the loop momentum in the basic factorization must be free of both ultraviolet and infrared singularities. This obvious mathematical requirement leads to theoretical restrictions on the non-perturbative contributions (parton distributions) to the Compton amplitude and the DIS structure functions related to the Compton amplitude through the Optical theorem. In particular, our analysis excludes the use of the singular factors x^{-a} (with a > 0) in the fits for the quark and gluon distributions because such factors contradict to the integrability of the basic convolutions for the Compton amplitude. This restriction is valid for all DIS structure functions in the framework of both the k_T- factorization and the collinear factorization if we attribute the perturbative contributions only to the upper blob.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 342, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00229", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0139", "text": "Let $N$ be a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group, $\\Lambda$ a lattice in $N$, and $X=N/\\Lambda$ the corresponding nilmanifold. Let $Aff(X)$ be the group of affine transformations of $X$. We characterize the countable subgroups $H$ of $Aff(X)$ for which the action of $H$ on $X$ has a spectral gap, that is, such that the associated unitary representation $U$ of $H$ on the space of functions from $L^2(X)$ with zero mean does not weakly contain the trivial representation. Denote by $T$ the maximal torus factor associated to $X$. We show that the action of $H$ on $X$ has a spectral gap if and only if there exists no proper $H$-invariant subtorus $S$ of $T$ such that the projection of $H$ on $Aut (T/S)$ has an abelian subgroup of finite index. We first establish the result in the case where $X$ is a torus. In the case of a general nilmanifold, we study the asymptotic behaviour of matrix coefficients of $U$ using decay properties of metaplectic representations of symplectic groups. The result shows that the existence of a spectral gap for subgroups of $Aff(X)$ is equivalent to strong ergodicity in the sense of K.Schmidt. Moreover, we show that the action of $H$ on $X$ is ergodic (or strongly mixing) if and only if the corresponding action of $H$ on $T$ is ergodic (or strongly mixing).", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00341", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0140", "text": "If you want a job that rides the wave of the future, get hired by a firm that combats cyber-threats. Criminal and malicious hackers are endlessly inventive and every day despatch novel viruses and other digital threats into cyber-space to wreak havoc. Getting paid to tackle these is about as cutting edge as you can get. One emerging discipline in this field of cyber-incident response tackles the most skilled and serious of these hackers - those who work for nation-states. The UK's GCHQ now estimates that 34 separate nations have serious, well-funded cyber-espionage teams targeting friends and foes alike. The threat from these state-sponsored digital spies has been deemed so serious that the intelligence agency has designated five firms victims can all on if they are caught out by these attackers. \"We get called when people have a big fire and we come along with our hoses and try to put it out,\" says James Allman-Talbot, head of incident response in the cyber-security division of BAE Systems. Image copyright BAE Image caption \"We're like the fire service,\" says BAE's James Allman-Talbot That captures the fact that, more often than not, the fire brigade arrive to find a building still in flames. When it comes to cyber-fires, that means the hackers are still embedded in a victim's network and are still trying to steal data or burrow more deeply. Unlike the fire service, the BAE team do not arrive in a blaze of lights and sirens. They have to be more stealthy. \"If the attackers have access to the victim's email servers the last thing you want to do is discuss it on there,\" says Robin Oldham, head of the cyber-security consulting practice at BAE, who is also part of the incident response team. Tipping off the bad guys could prompt them to delete evidence or, if they have more malicious motives, shut down key systems and destroy data, he says. Instead, responders first gather evidence to see how bad the incident is and how far the hackers have penetrated a network. It's at this point that the team use the skills picked up during earlier careers. All of the team have solid technical computer skills to which they have added particular specialities. Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Responders first gather evidence to see how bad the incident is and how far the hackers have penetrated a network Prior to working at BAE, Mr Allman-Talbot did digital forensics for the Metropolitan", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00791", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0141", "text": "ky child sex abuse scandal. \"Their parallel strategies make sense, given what's at stake for Mr. Cosby. He's fighting for his personal and professional lives.\" On Tuesday, as jury deliberations stretched into a second day without signs of a verdict, Wyatt steered reporters to a former colleague of accuser Andrea Constand who said Constand had once suggested she would try to set up a famous man to get money. The judge had barred her hearsay testimony from the trial, but Wyatt made sure her statement got out. Constand alleges Cosby gave her three sedatives he claimed were an herbal remedy and then groped her breast and genitals while she was paralyzed and unable to fight him off. Cosby said he was in a romantic relationship with the young staffer on the women's basketball team at his alma mater, Temple University, and that the encounter was consensual. \"If he's found guilty, his estate would likely take an enormous financial hit that would devastate his family. That's why their approach makes practical sense, even if it makes some feel uncomfortable,\" La Torre said. Jurors appeared tired and spent when they decided to call it quits late Tuesday after about 16 hours of deliberations. They'll resume Wednesday morning. The judge praised them for being remarkably conscientious as they consider three counts of felony aggravated indecent assault that could put Cosby in prison for the rest of his life. The jury's day began Tuesday by reviewing more than a dozen passages from Cosby's decade-old deposition, including his telling Constand the pills were \"three friends\" to make her relax. Cosby left the courthouse on Wyatt's arm Tuesday night, shouting the \"Fat Albert\" catchphrase, \"Hey, hey, hey\" and giving a thumbs-up as he got in his SUV. He didn't comment to reporters. The AP does not typically identify people who say they are victims of sexual assault unless they grant permission, which Constand has done.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 391, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00615", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0142", "text": "We present results on the evolution of the intrinsic scatter of black hole masses considering different implementations of a model in which black holes only grow via mergers. We demonstrate how merger driven growth affects the correlations between black hole mass and host bulge mass. The simple case of an initially log-normal distributed scatter in black hole and bulge masses combined with random merging within the galaxy population results in a decreasing scatter with merging generation/number as predicted by the Central-limit theorem. In general we find that the decrease in scatter {\\sigma} is well approximated by {\\sigma}merg(m) = {\\sigma}ini \\times (m + 1)^(-a/2) with a = 0.42 for a range of mean number of mergers m < 50. For a large mean number of mergers (m > 100) we find a convergence to a = 0.61. This is valid for a wide range of different initial distributions, refill-scenarios or merger mass-ratios. Growth scenarios based on halo merger trees of a (100 Mpc)^3 dark matter LambdaCDM-simulation show a similar behaviour with a scatter decrease of a = 0.30 with typical number of mergers m < 50 consistent with random merging (best matching model: a = 0.34). Assuming a present day scatter of 0.3 dex in black hole mass and a mean number of mergers not exceeding m = 50 our results imply a scatter of 0.6 dex at z = 3 and thus a possible scenario in which overmassive (and undermassive) black holes at high redshift are a consequence of a larger intrinsic scatter in black hole mass. A simple toy model connecting the growth of black holes to the growth of LambdaCDM dark matter halos via mergers, neglecting any contribution from accretion, yields a consistent M\\cdot -MBulge relation at z = 0 - if we assume the correct initial relation.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 404, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00228", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0143", "text": "Since its discovery quantum teleportation has often been seen as a manifestation, indeed the epitome, of the very paradoxical and mysterious nature of quantum theory itself. It is commonly regarded as genuinely quantum and essentially paradoxical. Although a common approach to teleportation amongst physicists nowadays is a somewhat operational one, some researchers are making an effort to deflate the above views. On the one hand, it was recently argued that the paradox of information transfer taking place in teleportation is dissolved (Timpson, 2006) by appealing the very notion of information. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that some classical versions of teleportation retain its important features, which hitherto were considered genuinely quantum (Cohen, 2003; Collins&Popescu, 2002; Hardy, 1999; Mor, 2006; Spekkens, 2007). I will present a special version of a quantum teleportation protocol which is in a sense split into classical and quantum steps. This description provides us with a unified picture of teleportation in both domains. It will be explicitly shown how classical teleportation is embedded in the quantum protocol. Moreover, the classical step can be successfully accomplished even if the state shared by the parties is completely disentangled [this is consistent with the result obtained in (Wang, 2005)]. Yet, all the (apparent) paradoxical features usually associated with quantum teleportation are clearly present in this step. In particular, this demonstrates that entanglement cannot be ultimately responsible and not necessary for the (paradoxical?) information transfer. Thus, even if one considers teleportation as mysterious, all its mysteries are shifted from quantum domain into purely classical one.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 345, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00068", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0144", "text": "(p,q)-strings are bound states of p F-strings and q D-strings and are predicted to form at the end of brane inflation. As such these cosmic superstrings should be detectable in the universe. In this paper we argue that they can be detected by the way that massive and massless test particles move in the space-time of these cosmic superstrings, in particular we study solutions to the geodesic equation in the space-time of field theoretical (p,q)-strings. The geodesics can be classified according to the test particle's energy, angular momentum and momentum in the direction of the string axis. We discuss how the change of the magnetic fluxes, the ratio between the symmetry breaking scale and the Planck mass, the Higgs to gauge boson mass ratios and the binding between the F- and D-strings, respectively, influence the motion of the test particles. While massless test particles can only move on escape orbits, a new feature as compared to the infinitely thin string limit is the existence of bound orbits for massive test particles. In particular, we observe that - in contrast to the space-time of a single Abelian-Higgs string - bound orbits for massive test particles in (p,q)-string space-times are possible if the Higgs boson mass is larger than the gauge boson mass. We also compute the effect of the binding between the p- and the q-string on observables such as the light deflection and the perihelion shift. While light deflection can also be caused by other matter distributions, the possibility of a negative perihelion shift seems to be a feature of finite width cosmic strings that could lead to the unmistakable identification of such objects. In Melvin space-times, which are asymptotically non-conical, massive test particles have to move on bound orbits, while massless test particles can only escape to infinity if their angular momentum vanishes.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00290", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0145", "text": "We report on the long term X-ray monitoring with Swift, RXTE, Suzaku, Chandra and XMM-Newton of the outburst of the newly discovered magnetar Swift J1822.3-1606 (SGR 1822-1606), from the first observations soon after the detection of the short X-ray bursts which led to its discovery, through the first stages of its outburst decay (covering the time-span from July 2011, until end of April 2012). We also report on archival ROSAT observations which witnessed the source during its likely quiescent state, and on upper limits on Swift J1822.3-1606's radio-pulsed and optical emission during outburst, with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), respectively. Our X-ray timing analysis finds the source rotating with a period of P=8.43772016(2) s and a period derivative \\dot{P}=8.3(2)x10^{-14} s s^{-1} , which entails an inferred dipolar surface magnetic field of B~2.7x10^{13} G at the equator. This measurement makes Swift J1822.3-1606 the second lowest magnetic field magnetar (after SGR 0418+5729; Rea et al. 2010). Following the flux and spectral evolution from the beginning of the outburst, we find that the flux decreased by about an order of magnitude, with a subtle softening of the spectrum, both typical of the outburst decay of magnetars. By modeling the secular thermal evolution of Swift J1822.3-1606, we find that the observed timing properties of the source, as well as its quiescent X-ray luminosity, can be reproduced if it was born with a poloidal and crustal toroidal fields of B_{p}~1.5x10^{14} G and B_{tor}~7x10^{14} G, respectively, and if its current age is ~550 kyr.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 431, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00435", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0146", "text": "Let $H$ be an undirected graph. In the List $H$-Homomorphism Problem, given an undirected graph $G$ with a list constraint $L(v) \\subseteq V(H)$ for each variable $v \\in V(G)$, the objective is to find a list $H$-homomorphism $f:V(G) \\to V(H)$, that is, $f(v) \\in L(v)$ for every $v \\in V(G)$ and $(f(u),f(v)) \\in E(H)$ whenever $(u,v) \\in E(G)$. We consider the following problem: given a map $f:V(G) \\to V(H)$ as an oracle access, the objective is to decide with high probability whether $f$ is a list $H$-homomorphism or \\textit{far} from any list $H$-homomorphisms. The efficiency of an algorithm is measured by the number of accesses to $f$. In this paper, we classify graphs $H$ with respect to the query complexity for testing list $H$-homomorphisms and show the following trichotomy holds: (i) List $H$-homomorphisms are testable with a constant number of queries if and only if $H$ is a reflexive complete graph or an irreflexive complete bipartite graph. (ii) List $H$-homomorphisms are testable with a sublinear number of queries if and only if $H$ is a bi-arc graph. (iii) Testing list $H$-homomorphisms requires a linear number of queries if $H$ is not a bi-arc graph.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 356, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00342", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0147", "text": "the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``Effective'' and all that follows through ``implement'' and inserting ``Effective 60 days after date of conveyance of the Projects, the Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriated funds, take such actions as are necessary to implement''; and (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``referred to in section 3(c)(2) for the removal of the dams and full;'' and inserting ``for the removal of the Elwha dam and''; and (B) in the first sentence of subsection (b), by striking ``referred to in section 3(c)(2)''; (2) in section 5(a), by striking ``as provided in section 3(e)''; (3) in section 6-- (A) in the first sentence of subsection (a), by striking ``makes the determination to remove the dams and''; and (B) in the first sentence of subsection (b)(1)-- (i) by striking ``makes the determination to remove the dams and''; and (ii) by inserting ``of the Elwha Project'' after ``removal''; and (4) in section 7(a)-- (A) by striking ``makes the determination to remove the dams and''; and (B) by inserting ``of the Elwha Project'' after ``removal''. SEC. 4. COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER HYDROELECTRIC SYSTEM PROTECTION. (a) In General.--Under no circumstances shall removal of dams on the Elwha River be considered a precedent of any kind for removal of dams on other rivers. (b) Congressional Authorization Required.--Except as otherwise provided in this Act, no dam, impoundment, or other facility on the Columbia River or Snake River or their tributaries that is owned or operated by an agency of the United States for flood control, hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, navigation, or other congressionally authorized purpose may be removed or significantly modified structurally, except for reasons of safety or necessary repairs, unless specifically approved by an authorization or appropriation by Congress.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 442, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00888", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0148", "text": "If a court finds that an insurer or related company of the insurer acted in bad faith, the court shall award damages in an amount equal to 3 times the amount otherwise to be awarded under subparagraph (A). (2) Attorney's fees and costs.--A court shall award reasonable attorney's fees and costs to a prevailing beneficiary in a civil action brought under subsection (a). (d) Limitation.--A civil action may not be brought under this section on or after the date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act. SEC. 5. EFFECT OF PRIOR JUDGMENTS AND RELEASES. (a) In General.-- (1) Effect.--Subject to subsection (b)(1), a judgment or release described in paragraph (2) shall not preclude, foreclose, bar, release, waive, acquit, discharge, or otherwise impair any claim brought under section 4 by any person. (2) Judgments and releases.--A judgment or release described in this paragraph is-- (A) a judgment entered before the date of enactment of this Act for any claim arising under a covered policy in any civil action in a Federal or State court; or (B) an agreement entered into before the date of enactment of this Act under which any person (on behalf of the person, any other person, or a class of persons) agrees not to assert or agrees to waive or release any claim described in subparagraph (A), regardless of whether the agreement is-- (i) denominated as a release, discharge, covenant not to sue, or otherwise; or (ii) approved by a court. (b) Rules of Construction.-- (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), nothing in this section shall affect the validity or enforceability of any agreement entered into between any claimant under a covered policy and the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims or an insurer under which the claimant has agreed to release or waive any claim in consideration for payment under a covered policy. (2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any agreement for which the payment is denominated as humanitarian by the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims. SEC. 6. EFFECT OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS AND EXECUTIVE FOREIGN POLICY. (a) Effect of Executive Agreements and Executive Foreign Policy on State Laws.--An executive agreement described in subsection (c)(1) and an executive foreign policy described in subsection (", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01041", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0149", "text": "c) Grants to States.-- ``(1) Assistance in meeting federal standards.--Beginning on the date a final regulation is promulgated under subsection (b)(2), the Secretary of Transportation shall award grants to States to assist them in conforming to the minimum standards for driver's licenses and personal identification cards set forth in the regulation. ``(2) Allocation of grants.--The Secretary of Transportation shall award grants to States under this subsection based on the proportion that the estimated average annual number of driver's licenses and personal identification cards issued by a State applying for a grant bears to the average annual number of such documents issued by all States. ``(3) Minimum allocation.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), each State shall receive not less than 0.5 percent of the grant funds made available under this subsection. ``(d) Extension of Effective Date.--The Secretary of Transportation may extend the date specified under subsection (b)(1)(A) for up to 2 years for driver's licenses issued by a State if the Secretary determines that the State made reasonable efforts to comply with the date under such subsection but was unable to do so. ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for each of the fiscal years 2005 through 2009, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.''. (B) Effective date.--Section 7212 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, as added by subparagraph (A), shall take effect as if included in the original enactment of such Act on December 17, 2004.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 322, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00907", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0150", "text": "Inversions of spectropolarimetric observations of penumbral filaments deliver the stratification of different physical quantities in an optical depth scale. However, without establishing a geometrical height scale their three-dimensional geometrical structure can not be derived. This is crucial in understanding the correct spatial variation of physical properties in the penumbral atmosphere and to provide insights into the mechanism capable of explaining the observed penumbral brightness. The aim of this work is to determine a global geometrical height scale in the penumbra by minimizing the divergence of the magnetic field vector and the deviations from static equilibrium as imposed by a force balance equation that includes pressure gradients, gravity and the Lorentz force. Optical depth models are derived from the SIR inversion of spectropolarimetric data of an active region observed with SOT on-board the Hinode satellite. We use a genetic algorithm to determine the boundary condition for the inference of geometrical heights. The retrieved geometrical height scale permits the evaluation of the Wilson depression at each pixel and the correlation of physical quantities at each height. Our results fit into the uncombed penumbral scenario, i.e., a penumbra composed of flux tubes with channelled mass flow and with a weaker and more horizontal magnetic field as compared with the background field. The ascending material is hotter and denser than their surroundings. We do not find evidence of overturning convection or field free regions in the inner penumbral area analyzed. The penumbral brightness can be explained by the energy transfer of the ascending mass carried by the Evershed flow, if the physical quantities below z=-75km are extrapolated from the results of the inversion.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00247", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0151", "text": "As a generic model system of an asymmetric binary fluid mixture, hexadecane dissolved in carbon dioxide is considered, using a coarse-grained bead-spring model for the short polymer, and a simple spherical particle with Lennard-Jones interactions for the carbon dioxide molecules. In previous work, it has been shown that this model reproduces the real phase diagram reasonable well, and also the initial stages of spinodal decomposition in the bulk following a sudden expansion of the system could be studied. Using the parallelized simulation package ESPResSo on a multiprocessor supercomputer, phase separation of thin fluid films confined between parallel walls that are repulsive for both types of molecules are simulated in a rather large system (1356 x 1356 x 67.8 A^3, corresponding to about 3.2 million atoms). Following the sudden system expansion, a complicated interplay between phase separation in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the walls is found: in the early stages the hexadecane molecules accumulate mostly in the center of the slit pore, but as the coarsening of the structure in the parallel direction proceeds, the inhomogeneity in the perpendicular direction gets much reduced. Studying then the structure factors and correlation functions at fixed distances from the wall, the densities are essentially not conserved at these distances, and hence the behavior differs strongly from spinodal decomposition in the bulk. Some of the characteristic lengths show a nonmonotonic variation with time, and simple coarsening described by power-law growth is only observed if the domain sizes are much larger than the film thickness.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00058", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0152", "text": "of each employer making such a submission. The Secretary may, after consultation with the Interstate Conference of Employment Security Administrators, prescribe regulations requiring that additional information be submitted by such State with respect to the amount of such tax payable by such employer.'' (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 23 of such Code is amended by striking the item relating to section 3311 and inserting the following new items: ``Sec. 3311. State collection of tax. ``Sec. 3312. Short title.'' (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1996. SEC. 5. REQUIRED DISTRIBUTION OF STATE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION PACKETS. (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 3304 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to approval of State laws) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (18), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (19) and inserting ``; and'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(20) the State will distribute to unemployed individuals State-specific information packets explaining unemployment insurance eligibility conditions.'' (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to certifications of States for 1997, except that section 3304(a)(20) of such Code, as added by subsection (a), shall not be a requirement for the State law of any State prior to July 1, 1998, if the legislature of such State does not meet in a regular session which closes during the calendar year 1997.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00856", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0153", "text": "''. SEC. 3. ELIMINATION OF SUNSET. Section 110105 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is amended-- (1) by striking ``--'' and all that follows through ``(1)''; and (2) by striking ``; and'' and all that follows through ``that date''. SEC. 4. GRANDFATHER PROVISIONS. Section 922(v)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by inserting ``(A)'' after ``(2)''; (2) by striking ``on the date of the enactment of this subsection'' and inserting ``as of September 13, 1994''; and (3) by adding after and below the end the following: ``(B) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any firearm the possession or transfer of which would (but for this subparagraph) be unlawful by reason of this subsection, and which is otherwise lawfully possessed on the date of the enactment of this subparagraph.''. SEC. 5. REPEAL OF CERTAIN EXEMPTIONS. Section 922(v)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking ``(3)'' and all that follows through the 1st sentence and inserting the following: ``(3) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any firearm that-- ``(A) is manually operated by bolt, pump, level, or slide action; ``(B) has been rendered permanently inoperable; or ``(C) is an antique firearm.''. SEC. 6. REQUIRING BACKGROUND CHECKS FOR THE TRANSFER OF LAWFULLY POSSESSED SEMIAUTOMATIC ASSAULT WEAPONS. Section 922(v) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(5) It shall be unlawful for any person to transfer a semiautomatic assault weapon to which paragraph (1) does not apply, except through-- ``(A) a licensed dealer, and for purposes of subsection (t) in the case of such a transfer, the weapon shall be considered to be transferred from the business inventory of the licensed dealer and the dealer shall be considered to be the transferor; or ``(B) a State or local law enforcement agency if the transfer is made in accordance with the procedures provided for in subsection (t) of this section and section 923(g).", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00845", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0154", "text": "Let V be a finite set and M a collection of subsets of V. Then M is an alignment of V if and only if M is closed under taking intersections and contains both V and the empty set. If M is an alignment of V, then the elements of M are called convex sets and the pair (V, M) is called an aligned space. If S is a subset of V, then the convex hull of S is the smallest convex set that contains S. Suppose X in M. Then x in X is an extreme point for X if X-x is in M. The collection of all extreme points of X is denoted by ex(X). A convex geometry on a finite set is an aligned space with the additional property that every convex set is the convex hull of its extreme points. Let G=(V,E) be a connected graph and U a set of vertices of G. A subgraph T of G containing U is a minimal U-tree if T is a tree and if every vertex of V(T)-U is a cut-vertex of the subgraph induced by V(T). The monophonic interval of U is the collection of all vertices of G that belong to some minimal U-tree. A set S of vertices in a graph is m_k-convex if it contains the monophonic interval of every k-set of vertices is S. A set of vertices S of a graph is m^3-convex if for every pair u,v of vertices in S, the vertices on every induced path of length at least 3 are contained in S. A set S is m_3^3-convex if it is both m_3- and m^3- convex. We show that if the m_3^3-convex sets form a convex geometry, then G is A-free.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00352", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0155", "text": "If you wear your heart on your sleeve this Valentine's Day, you should also keep your hand on your wallet. The BBB and an AG's office are warning about relationship scams preying on the love-lorn this Valentine's Day. And consumer experts have advice for saving on that last-minute flower purchase. Because with shoppers spending $18 billion on Valentine's Day this year, according to National Retail Federation estimates, there's plenty of money at play. Here's how not to get screwed on V-Day: Play Facebook Twitter Google Plus Embed Can you tell which is a real diamond and which is a cheaper gemstone? 5:12 autoplay autoplay Copy this code to your website or blog Buy Flowers From a Local Florist Try shopping with your local florist with good reviews instead of calling up one of the big national chains. Orders are farmed out to local shops anyway, so you can cut out the middleman. And flowers ordered online don't always look like their photos, says Consumer Reports. Trying to get a bouquet to someone who doesn't live nearby? Simple. Call the local florist near them. Don't Turn up Your Nose at the Supermarket Supermarket flowers used to be a punchline, but quality has been increasing lately. Often you can get a perfectly good bouquet at your grocer for less than an online store or florist. Related: Why Valentine's Gifts for Men Are Gaining Ground Pro tip: Avoid the pre-made bouquets as they tend to wilt faster and be more padded, Apartment Therapy writes. Instead, create your own from the most beautiful and freshest flowers in the bins, even if they're not traditional roses. Watch Out for \"Sweetheart Scams\" The Better Business Bureau and one state attorney general are warning the public to be on the watch for scammers who prey on dating site users. These \"catfishers\" tend to get more aggressive around Valentine's Day because that's the day \"when we all could be a little lonely,\" Kentucky Attorney General Andy Beshear told WKRN. The BBB gave an example of one Tennessee woman who lost money to a man she met on a Christian dating site. \"He really played the part of a sincere Christian, even calling me to pray with me over the phone before bedtime,\" the victim told the BBB. Beware Valentine Targeted Phishing The BBB is also warning users to be wary of sketchy-looking Valentine's Day e-greetings that are nothing more than phishes in cupid's clothing", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00750", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0156", "text": "We report results from numerical simulations of star formation in the early universe that focus on the dynamical behavior of metal-free gas under different initial and environmental conditions. In particular we investigate the role of turbulence, which is thought to ubiquitously accompany the collapse of high-redshift halos. We distinguish between two main cases: the birth of Population III.1 stars - those which form in the pristine halos unaffected by prior star formation - and the formation of Population III.2 stars - those forming in halos where the gas is still metal free but has an increased ionization fraction. This latter case can arise either from exposure to the intense UV radiation of stellar sources in neighboring halos, or from the high virial temperatures associated with the formation of massive halos, that is, those with masses greater than 1e8 solar masses. We find that turbulent primordial gas is highly susceptible to fragmentation in both cases, even for turbulence in the subsonic regime, i.e. for rms velocity dispersions as low as 20 % of the sound speed. Contrary to our original expectations, fragmentation is more vigorous and more widespread in pristine halos compared to pre-ionized ones. We therefore predict Pop III.1 stars to be on average of somewhat lower mass, and form in larger groups, than Pop III.2 stars. We find that fragment masses cover over two orders of magnitude, indicating that the resulting Population III initial mass function was significantly extended in mass as well. This prompts the need for a large, high-resolution study of the formation of dark matter minihalos that is capable of resolving the turbulent flows in the gas at the moment when the baryons become self-gravitating. This would help determine which, if any, of the initial conditions presented in our study are realized in nature.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00237", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0157", "text": "Welcome to “The Month in Live Jazz,” a column highlighting three standout performances from the past month on stages across New York City. SULLIVAN FORTNER TRIO WITH MELISSA ALDANA Jazz Standard, May 25 Sullivan Fortner, a pianist born in New Orleans, has an extravagant amount of talent and a hyperactive flow on the keyboard. He mixes chords and crossing patterns and two-handed unison lines, all at a rapid clip. Sometimes he’ll play with both hands right around the center of the instrument, but you’ll swear that he’s using every key. At other times, he really is. Mr. Fortner is about to release a fine album, “Moments Preserved” and he celebrated the occasion with a four-night run at Jazz Standard, performing with a trio that included the drummer Marcus Gilmore, an experimentalist with an ear for micro-attunements and stippled phrasing. On Friday, Melissa Aldana, one of the more exciting young tenor saxophonists today, joined as a special guest. She mixes the influence of certain clean-toned tenors of the 1990s — Mark Turner and Chris Potter, especially — with that of classic figures like Joe Henderson and, further back, Don Byas. On “Aria,” the first tune of the night featuring Ms. Aldana, Mr. Gilmore and Mr. Sullivan seemed almost isolated in their own worlds, sending flares and building private 3-D designs. There wasn’t a clear place for her saxophone to go, and at first, it seemed as if this partnership might be doomed.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00605", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0158", "text": "Not everyone can get away for a basketball tournament where their favorite team is playing. For example, the Oklahoma State University Alumni Association OKC Chapter has members who can’t get away for the OSU basketball game Saturday against Florida State University in the Orange Bowl Classic in Florida. So, the stay-at-homers have planned a full day together right here in Oklahoma City. They’re calling it an Ice Skate and Tailgate Day. The group will ice skate at 11 a.m. Saturday at the Devon Ice Rink. At 1 p.m., they will gather to tailgate at the Renaissance Hotel. OSU Alumni Association members will receive discounted tickets to this event. Of course, if some aren’t interested in basketball, they can ice skate until 11 p.m. Christmas in Guthrie Guthrie’s Territorial Christmas brightens this historic city every year and it really makes the town look like it did in the early years. Come to the Victorian Walk on Saturday from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. to see living window displays and hear live music. From 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., many of the beautiful homes are open for tours. Pick up $15 tickets at the Frontier Drugstore Museum, 214 W. Oklahoma Ave., beginning at 9 a.m. Spectacular settings Spectacular is the only way to describe the decor of Oklahoma City Golf and Country Club for the annual members’ Christmas party. Maybe there’s another word to describe the decor but I don’t know what it is. As members walked into the club, they stopped and gasped. The wall was not there. They saw a red-carpeted, golden staircase that curved from ceiling to floor and looked so real one wanted to step up. Then the members entered the ballroom and found that they were in a forest of pine trees in a snowstorm, a covering for the walls of the entire ballroom. Don’t know who designed this entire setting for the main floor of the club, but it was certainly elegant. Holiday fun downtown There’s snow tubing at Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark. The kids will love it. Take a free trip down the Bricktown Canal to see the colorful decorations – or just walk down the path and do close-up enjoyment The skating rink in the Myriad Botanical Gardens is open daily and if you go there, stroll around to see other activities in the gardens.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 490, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00755", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0159", "text": "South Simcoe Police say it is dealing with a new twist on the gift card scam. This time, an Innisfil business says an employee got an email from what appeared to be the boss, really a scammer, who had the worker go buy a large amount of iTunes gift cards supposedly as gifts for clients. The phony company CEO also had the employee’s cell number, through which different instructions were issued to the point where the employee became weary and contacted the boss directly. Fraud Alert: New twist on gift card #scams. #Innisfil employee out several thousand dollars after receiving bogus email from ‘boss’ to buy large amount of iTunes cards. Please check with employer to confirm email is legit before shopping. #giftcards #fraud pic.twitter.com/DVd1E7lywy — South Simcoe Police (@SouthSimcoePS) May 30, 2018 That’s when the scam was discovered and some of the iTunes purchase transactions were cancelled; the fraud still amounted to several thousand dollars. Police are warning the public to be suspicious of any large-purchase requests from the boss, confirming it is legitimate before going through with any purchase. This scam mirrors another type of fraud that has someone purportedly from the Canada Revenue Agency calling, demanding payment on a phony debt through the purchase of iTunes gift cards. South Simcoe Police say the scam artists on the other end of these transactions are able to use the information on the back of the iTunes card, given by the unsuspecting victim, to retrieve the funds used to purchase them. The so-called CRA Scam became so prevalent at one point that South Simcoe Police even introduced a new initiative in the Spring, aimed at stopping gift card scams before they start. The imitative included printouts at the point-of-purchase, along with increased training for cashiers. Police say, in the fraud involving a phony boss, the cashier at the store even asked the employee if these cards were for the CRA.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 401, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00700", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0160", "text": "A nonlinear force-free solution is constructed for the coronal magnetic field in NOAA solar active region AR 10953 based on a photospheric vector magnetogram derived from Hinode satellite observations on 30 April 2007, taking into account uncertainties in the boundary data and using improved methods for merging multiple-instrument data. The solution demonstrates the \"self-consistency\" procedure of Wheatland & Regnier (2009), for the first time including uncertainties. The self-consistency procedure addresses the problem that photospheric vector magnetogram data are inconsistent with the force-free model, and in particular that the boundary conditions on vertical electric current density are over-specified and permit the construction of two different nonlinear force-free solutions. The procedure modifies the boundary conditions on current density during a sequence of cycles until the two nonlinear force-free solutions agree. It hence constructs an accurate single solution to the force-free model, with boundary values close, but not matched exactly, to the vector magnetogram data. The inclusion of uncertainties preserves the boundary conditions more closely at points with smaller uncertainties. The self-consistent solution obtained for active region AR 10953 is significantly non-potential, with magnetic energy E/E_0 = 1.08, where E_0 is the energy of the reference potential (current-free) magnetic field. The self-consistent solution is shown to be robust against changes in the details of the construction of the two force-free models at each cycle. This suggests that reliable nonlinear force-free modeling of active regions is possible if uncertainties in vector magnetogram boundary data are included.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00292", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0161", "text": "We analyze the absorption of microwaves by the Heisenberg-Ising chain combining exact calculations, based on the integrability of the model, with numerical calculations. Within linear response theory the absorbed intensity is determined by the imaginary part of the dynamical susceptibility. The moments of the normalized intensity can be used to define the shift of the resonance frequency induced by the interactions and the line width independently of the shape of the spectral line. These moments can be calculated exactly as functions of temperature and strength of an external magnetic field, as long as the field is directed along the symmetry axis of the chain. This allows us to discuss the line width and the resonance shift for a given magnetic field in the full range of possible anisotropy parameters. For the interpretation of these data we need a qualitative knowledge of the line shape which we obtain from fully numerical calculations for finite chains. Exact analytical results on the line shape are out of reach of current theories. From our numerical work we could extract, however, an empirical parameter-free model of the line shape at high temperatures which is extremely accurate over a wide range of anisotropy parameters and is exact at the free fermion point and at the isotropic point. Another prediction of the line shape can be made in the zero-temperature and zero magnetic field limit, where the sufficiently anisotropic model shows strong absorption. For anisotropy parameters in the massive phase we derive the exact two-spinon contribution to the spectral line. From the intensity sum rule it can be estimated that this contribution accounts for more than 80% of the spectral weight if the anisotropy parameter is moderately above its value at the isotropic point.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00412", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0162", "text": "We study the physics potential of future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments at large $\\theta_{13}$, focusing especially on systematic uncertainties. We discuss superbeams, \\bbeams, and neutrino factories, and for the first time compare these experiments on an equal footing with respect to systematic errors. We explicitly simulate near detectors for all experiments, we use the same implementation of systematic uncertainties for all experiments, and we fully correlate the uncertainties among detectors, oscillation channels, and beam polarizations as appropriate. As our primary performance indicator, we use the achievable precision in the measurement of the CP violating phase $\\deltacp$. We find that a neutrino factory is the only instrument that can measure $\\deltacp$ with a precision similar to that of its quark sector counterpart. All neutrino beams operating at peak energies $\\gtrsim 2$ GeV are quite robust with respect to systematic uncertainties, whereas especially \\bbeams and \\thk suffer from large cross section uncertainties in the quasi-elastic regime, combined with their inability to measure the appearance signal cross sections at the near detector. A noteworthy exception is the combination of a $\\gamma=100$ \\bbeam with an \\spl-based superbeam, in which all relevant cross sections can be measured in a self-consistent way. This provides a performance, second only to the neutrino factory. For other superbeam experiments such as \\lbno and the setups studied in the context of the \\lbne reconfiguration effort, statistics turns out to be the bottleneck. In almost all cases, the near detector is not critical to control systematics since the combined fit of appearance and disappearance data already constrains the impact of systematics to be small provided that the three active flavor oscillation framework is valid.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00499", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0163", "text": "The effect of a magnetic field on the linear phase of the advective-acoustic instability is investigated, as a first step toward a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory of the stationary accretion shock instability taking place during stellar core collapse. We study a toy model where the flow behind a planar stationary accretion shock is adiabatically decelerated by an external potential. Two magnetic field geometries are considered: parallel or perpendicular to the shock. The entropy-vorticity wave, which is simply advected in the unmagnetized limit, separates into five different waves: the entropy perturbations are advected, while the vorticity can propagate along the field lines through two Alfven waves and two slow magnetosonic waves. The two cycles existing in the unmagnetized limit, advective-acoustic and purely acoustic, are replaced by up to six distinct MHD cycles. The phase differences among the cycles play an important role in determining the total cycle efficiency and hence the growth rate. Oscillations in the growth rate as a function of the magnetic field strength are due to this varying phase shift. A vertical magnetic field hardly affects the cycle efficiency in the regime of super-Alfvenic accretion that is considered. In contrast, we find that a horizontal magnetic field strongly increases the efficiencies of the vorticity cycles that bend the field lines, resulting in a significant increase of the growth rate if the different cycles are in phase. These magnetic effects are significant for large-scale modes if the Alfven velocity is a sizable fraction of the flow velocity.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00175", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0164", "text": "1395fff). (d) Effective Date.--The provisions of this section shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. SEC. 4. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS ON MEDICARE HOME HEALTH AGENCIES IN COMPLYING WITH OUTCOME AND ASSESSMENT INFORMATION SET (OASIS) REQUIREMENT. (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to Congress and the Comptroller General of the United States a report describing costs incurred by medicare home health agencies in complying with the data collection requirement of patients of such agencies under the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) standard as part of the comprehensive assessment of patients. (b) GAO Audit.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an independent audit of the costs described in subsection (a). Not later than 180 days after receipt of the report under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report describing the Comptroller General's findings with respect to such audit, and shall include comments on the report submitted to Congress by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under subsection (a). (c) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Comprehensive assessment of patients.--The term ``comprehensive assessment of patients'' means the rule published by the Health Care Financing Administration that requires, as a condition of participation in the medicare program, a home health agency to provide a patient-specific comprehensive assessment that accurately reflects the patient's current status and that incorporates the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS). (2) Outcome and assessment information set.--The term ``Outcome and Assessment Information Set'' means the standard provided under the rule relating to data items that must be used in conducting a comprehensive assessment of patients. SEC. 5. ELIMINATION OF INCREMENTAL BILLING REQUIREMENT. (a) In General.--Section 1895(c)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395fff(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``, as measured in 15 minute increments.'' and inserting a period. (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) takes effect as if included in the enactment of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105-33).", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 498, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01058", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0165", "text": "A meeting to revive the Maynooth Musical Society will be held in the Glenroyal Hotel in Maynooth tomorrown night. So if you dance, sing, act or enjoy the hustle and bustle of the backbone of a society, drop down to the Glenroyal Hotel on Tuesday August 15 at 8pm. The remaining committee members of Maynooth Musical Society have been contacted by a local man who is proposing to relaunch the society. Declan, a scriptwriter with 20 years of experience, who moved to Maynooth two years ago, wants to re-launch the society. “I want to bring the society back to Maynooth and operate it as a fun and equal opportunity society with members who are passionate about performing. I see the society as a place where members can audition for roles and only be judged on their suitability and performance at the time. I see a society where the communication policy is open and there is no home for politics. I see a society growing because of the strength of their members. All members who join the society will be treated with the respect that you deserve. Maynooth is a fantastic town and it is time for it to have a society that can become part of its history.” Declan has worked in music around the world. He comes from a family of directors and has spent a number of years producing various acts. He proposes to bring a new concept to the society and provide people with the opportunity to be cast in a new original musical. As has always been the case, the society would continue be open to all people who are interested in getting involved, on and off stage. It is described as a chance for people who love theatre to be part of the journey again, perform in some great shows and build confidence in their performance. Anyone with experience in music, drama, committee experience or if you feel you could contribute to make the society great again is asked to come to the meeting.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 395, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00803", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0166", "text": "If you’re into stereotypes, better drop the baggage because when you meet FBI Special Agent Gina Osborn preconceived notions explode. After six years in Army counterintelligence, 22 years in the FBI catching terrorists and cracking down on cyber crime, Osborn is handing in her federal badge this week to write film and television scripts. Girls participate in the first FBI Cyber G-Girl Academy in 2014 at the Orange County Regional Computer Forensics Lab. The purpose of the program is to encourage girls to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) and to plant the seed for them to consider the FBI as a career. (Photo courtesy of Gina Osborn) Participants in the first FBI Cyber G-Girl Academy in 2014 show their certificates at the Orange County Regional Computer Forensics Lab. The purpose of the program is to encourage girls to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) and to plant the seed for them to consider the FBI as a career. (Photo courtesy of Gina Osborn) Sound The gallery will resume in seconds Gina Osborn, FBI Assistant Special Agent in Charge, Cyber and Computer Forensics works at the crime lab in Orange on Wednesday, May 23, 2018. Osborn is leaving the FBI to focus on script writing. (Photo by Jeff Gritchen, Orange County Register/SCNG) That’s right, when most law enforcement types either retire to the forests of Idaho or reach for the riches of corporate security, Osborn is turning to an iffy career in — OMG — Hollywood. Her quest is to go beyond the usual cop dramas and show the world what women can do. She even calls her new company G-Girl Productions. It’s a tip of the fedora to the old-school FBI nickname — G-Men. But that’s not what blows my mind. When I sit down with Osborn at the FBI’s cyber forensics lab (they actually let me in!), she reminds me more of Reese Witherspoon in “Legally Blonde” than my idea of someone trained at Quantico. With long blond locks, a pink jacket and gold high heels, it appears she’s gone glam. I ask, “Girly girl?” Oh, my bad. “Be your authentic self,” Osborn counters. Cyber crime heats up Before proceeding, let’s clear some brush and consider three things about FBI agents I’ve learned over the years: They are smart, meticulous, patriotic.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00579", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0167", "text": "If the Pioneer Anomaly (PA) was a genuine dynamical effect of gravitational origin, it should also affect the orbital motions of the solar system's bodies moving in the space regions in which the PA manifested itself in its presently known form, i.e. as a constant and uniform acceleration approximately directed towards the Sun with a non-zero magnitude APio = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10^-10 m s^-2 after 20 au from the Sun. In this paper we preliminarily investigate its effects on the orbital motions of the Neptunian satellites Triton, Nereid and Proteus, located at about 30 au from the Sun, both analytically and numerically. Extensive observational records covering sev- eral orbital revolutions have recently been analyzed for them, notably improving the knowledge of their orbits. Both analytical and numerical calculations, limited to the direct, Neptune-satellite interaction, show that the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the PA-induced radial, transverse and out-of-plane perturbations over one century are up to 300 km, 600 km, 8 m for Triton, 17,500 km, 35,000 km, 800 km for Nereid, and 60 km, 120 km, 30 m for Proteus. The corresponding orbital uncertainties ob- tained from a recent analysis of all the data available for the satellites considered are, in general, smaller by one-two orders of magnitude, although obtained without modeling a Pioneer-like extra-force. Further investigations based on a re-processing of the satellites' real or simulated data with modified equations of motions including an additional Pioneer-type force as well are worth being implemented and may shed further light on this important issue.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 357, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00183", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0168", "text": "receive from the Secretary a grant for each fiscal year in an amount equal to the total amount expended by the State during the immediately preceding fiscal year under the State program funded under this part for assistance to any exempt family or exempt adult for any month for which the family or the adult, in the absence of section 408(a)(7)(E), would not be eligible for such assistance. ``(B) Appropriation.--Out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, there are appropriated for grants under this paragraph such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal year.''. SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. Section 419 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 607(b)), as added by section 103(a) of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, is amended by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as paragraphs (4) through (7), respectively, and by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: ``(2) Exempt adult.--The term `exempt adult' means an adult who is-- ``(A) living with and caring for a minor child who is related to (but not a biological child of) the adult; and ``(B) the head of a family that-- ``(i) does not include a parent of any such minor child; and ``(ii) does not include a biological child of the adult. ``(3) Exempt family.--The term `exempt family' means a family which-- ``(A) is headed by an adult who is living with and caring for a minor child who is related to (but not a biological child of) the adult; ``(B) does not include a parent of any such minor child; and ``(C) does not include a biological child of the adult.''. SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE. The amendments made by this Act shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 407, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00976", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0169", "text": "the beginning of questions all Manitoba employers will face. Overt smoking of cannabis at the workplace can be neatly banned under the tobacco-smoking restrictions that already exist. But what about cannabis edibles? While it will be illegal for cannabis stores to sell edibles in Manitoba, cannabis cookies are easily made by anyone with access to an oven: can employees bring cannabis cookies to work or to “pot luck” workplace functions? What about executives who have expense accounts on which they “wine and dine” important clients? If the client prefers weed to wine, can the company representative vape with the VIP and write off the reefer? If the Manitoba government finds itself confounded by workplace policies around cannabis, it’s not alone. The Canadian Human Resources Professionals Association surveyed more than 700 of its members in January and found a full 71 per cent of employers were not prepared for the legalization of cannabis. A report titled Clearing the Haze: The Impacts of Marijuana in the Workplace recommends government sets a clear legal definition of “impairment” and the grounds under which an employee can be drug-tested. This remains a serious debate for employers, as cannabis chemicals remain in the bloodstream and employees who use the drug only after clocking out could fail a drug test even if they’re not under the influence at work. The report also says provincial governments should co-ordinate recreational marijuana regulations as much as possible, so employers with a national workforce can easily adhere to the policies. It’s incumbent on both employees and employers to be responsible about cannabis. For employers, this includes giving workers a clear cannabis-use policy before the drug becomes legal. Workers have a right to know specifically what is, and isn’t, allowed at their office, plant and job site. If workplaces don’t yet have clear policies, the employers should get to work, and put in the overtime if necessary.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 374, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00666", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0170", "text": "High-resolution submm imaging of the HzRG, 4C60.07, at z=3.8, has revealed two dusty components. Spitzer imaging shows that one of these components (B) is coincident with an extremely red AGN, offset by ~4\" (~30 kpc) from the HzRG core. The other submm component (A) - resolved by our beam and devoid of emission at 3.6-8.0um - lies between B and the HzRG core. Since the HzRG was discovered via its young, steep-spectrum lobes and their creation was likely triggered by the interaction, we argue that we are witnessing an early-stage merger, prior to its eventual equilibrium state. The interaction is between the host galaxy of an actively-fueled BH, and a gas-rich starburst/AGN (B) marked by the compact submm component and coincident with broad CO emission. `A' is a plume of cold, dusty gas, associated with a narrow (~150 km/s) CO feature, and may represent a short-lived tidal structure. It has been claimed that HzRGs and SMGs differ only in the activity of their AGNs, but such complex submm morphologies are seen only rarely amongst SMGs. Our study has important implications: where a galaxy's gas is not aligned with its central BH, CO may be an unreliable probe of dynamical mass, affecting work on the co-assembly of BHs and spheroids. Our data support the picture wherein close binary AGN are induced by mergers. They also raise the possibility that some supposedly jet-induced starbursts may have formed co-evally with (yet independently of) the radio jets, both triggered by the same interaction. We note that the HzRG host would have gone unnoticed without its jets/companion, so there may be many other unseen BHs at high redshift, lost in the sea of ~5 x 10^8 similarly bright IRAC sources - sufficiently massive to drive a >10^27-W radio source, yet practically invisible unless actively fueled (abridged).", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 429, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00074", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0171", "text": "Why it matters to you If you're sitting on a trove of Bitcoin now might be a good time to sell. Or it might not be. It's very hard to predict what Bitcoin will do. Bitcoin has once again beaten all of its own records for the value of a single unit of cryptocurrency by breaching the $4,000 mark. This latest surge follows a month-long climb back to new heights after it dropped to a quarterly low of around $1,900 as a new-generation of graphics card miners began dumping their newly acquired number-crunching hardware. The price of Bitcoin has a history of rising to new highs, crashing in the aftermath of reduced confidence, and then slowly building up to even greater highs. That pattern is evident if you look at multiple year graphs of the cryptocurrency’s value, and was highlighted in our recent chat with a few experts about Bitcoin’s past and future. This latest peak is astronomically high, though. It’s more than twice the value the currency held in mid-May and at the time of writing sits at $4,308. It’s rising so quickly in fact, that we’ve updated that total twice just while writing this story. That rise has pushed Bitcoin’s market cap to $70.6 billion, which is tens of billions more than it was a mere few months ago. This is perhaps more impressive since there was some consideration earlier this month that Bitcoin could become the lesser of two currencies, after a “hard fork,” saw the creation of “Bitcoin Cash.” Although essentially merely an alternative, or “altcoin” much like many other cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin Cash was the first to attempt to use the recognizable name of Bitcoin for its nomenclature. Despite its promises to deliver a more consumer friendly experience than its parent though, Bitcoin Cash has fallen from its $640 peak to $300 per unit at the time of writing. Although it’s possible that Bitcoin Cash will gather more steam in the future, for now it’s Bitcoin, not its young upstart, that is seeing monumental growth, more than eight years on from its debut. One other cryptocurrency that is in vogue, Ether, has also recovered from its valuation tumble in late July. It’s now reached close to $300 again itself, following a similar trend to Bitcoin in rises and falls that gradually trend upward. The trend could end up skyrocketing once again if the AMD Vega graphics cards turn out to be as good at mining it as they are predicted to be.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 497, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00709", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0172", "text": "If the hype around Pumpkin Spice Lattes is any indication, we are all ready to take the plunge into fall food trends. Luckily a lot of them are a whole lot healthier than the sugar-loaded calorie bomb that has a special place in every sweater-lovers’ heart. To the contrary, fall produce is chock full of healthy nutrients. We all know that in-season foods tend to be a little easier on your wallet, plus they introduce a whole new array of ingredients to get creative with in the kitchen. (Admit it, you're a little tired of the chopped salads.) What's on the menu? Root vegetables like turnips and sweet potatoes, winter squash and a new lineup of fruit to fill the bowl on your kitchen counter. Whether you’re cooking up a weeknight dinner for one, meal prepping lunch or serving a hungry crowd of football fans, use the super foods of the season as inspiration to infuse autumn flavor and nutrients into your meals. Brussels Sprouts “Brussels sprouts are cruciferous vegetables, which means they're loaded with cancer-fighting compounds,” says Lainey Younkin, MS, RD, LDN, founder of Lainey Younkin Nutrition in Boston, MA. “They are also high in vitamin K, which helps your blood clot. Shred them in a food processor and use as a base for your next salad or simply roast them on a baking sheet in the oven — add a little maple syrup for a sweet-savory punch.” Recipe box: Serve Maple-Balsamic Roasted Brussels Sprouts as a side dish, or toss with onions, cranberries and toasted pecans and serve over farro for a heartier main course. (We are starring this one for the Thanksgiving spread!) Whole Wheat Pumpkin Pancakes Pinch of Yum Pumpkin Canned pumpkin may just be the best kept secret on the grocery store shelves. While it’s available all year long, we feel a re-invigorated love for the ingredient when fall rolls around. “A cup of sliced pumpkin has almost 200 percent of your daily value of vitamin A and is shock-full of vitamin C and potassium,” says Younkin. “As long as you aren't drinking it in syrup form in your latte, pumpkin is a healthy addition to any fall meal. A 1/2 cup of canned pumpkin delivers 3 grams of fiber and has just 5 grams of sugar and 50 calories. There isn't much", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00747", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0173", "text": "42 U.S.C. 300gg-13(a)(4)) is amended by inserting ``(including oral contraceptives for routine, daily use approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use without a prescription, even if the individual does not have a prescription for such contraceptive)'' after ``additional preventive care''. SEC. 6. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. (a) Non-Interference With FDA Regulation.--Nothing in this Act (or the amendment made by this Act) shall be construed to modify or interfere with Food and Drug Administration processes to review or approve, or otherwise determine the safety and efficacy of, and make available, non-prescription drugs or devices, modify or interfere with the scientific and medical considerations of the Food and Drug Administration, or alter any other authority of the Food and Drug Administration. (b) Non-Preemption.--Nothing in this Act (or the amendment made by this Act) preempts any provision of Federal or State law to the extent that such Federal or State law provides protections for consumers that are greater than the protections provided for in this Act. SEC. 7. DUTIES OF RETAILERS TO ENSURE ACCESS TO ORAL BIRTH CONTROL FOR USE WITHOUT A PRESCRIPTION. (a) In General.--Any retailer that stocks oral birth control for routine, daily use that is approved by, or otherwise legally marketed under regulation by, the Food and Drug Administration for use without a prescription may not interfere with an individual's access to or purchase of such birth control or access to medically accurate, comprehensive information about such birth control. (b) Limitation.--Nothing in this section shall prohibit a retailer that stocks oral birth control for routine, daily use from refusing to provide an individual with such oral birth control that is approved by, or otherwise legally marketed under regulation by, the Food and Drug Administration if the individual is unable to pay for the birth control, directly or through insurance coverage.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01027", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0174", "text": "We present a model-independent investigation of the WMAP data with respect to scale- dependent non-Gaussianities (NGs) by employing the method of constrained randomization. For generating so-called surrogate maps a shuffling scheme is applied to the Fourier phases of the original data, which allows to test for the presence of higher order correlations (HOCs) on well-defined scales. Using scaling indices as test statistics we find highly significant signatures for non-Gaussianities when considering all scales. We test for NGs in the bands l = [2,20], l = [20,60], l = [60,120] and l = [120,300]. We find highly significant signatures for non-Gaussianities and ecliptic hemispherical asymmetries for l = [2, 20]. We also obtain highly significant deviations from Gaussianity for the band l = [120,300]. The result for the full l-range can be interpreted as a superposition of the signatures found in the bands l = [2, 20] and l = [120, 300]. We find remarkably similar results when analyzing different ILC-like maps. We perform a set of tests to investigate if the detected anomalies can be explained by systematics. While no test can convincingly rule out the intrinsic nature of the anomalies for the low l case, the ILC map making procedure and/or residual noise in the maps can also lead to NGs at small scales. Our investigations prove that there are phase correlations in the WMAP data of the CMB. In the absence of an explanation in terms of Galactic foregrounds or known systematic artefacts, the signatures at low l must so far be taken to be cosmological at high significance. These findings strongly disagree with predictions of isotropic cosmologies with single field slow roll inflation. The task is now to elucidate the origin of the phase correlations and to understand the physical processes leading to these scale-dependent non-Gaussianities - if systematics as cause for them must be ruled out.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 408, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00289", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0175", "text": "If you’re getting close to 65, chances are you’re going to enroll in Medicare. While it’s common knowledge that Medicare is the United States’ health insurance program for retirees, many people don’t fully understand certain things about Medicare, such as when to enroll, how much it costs, what all the “parts” of Medicare are, and more. Continue Reading Below Image source: Getty Images. With that in mind, here’s a quick guide that could answer some of your Medicare questions before you have them. Is Medicare enrollment automatic? For many people, Medicare enrollment happens automatically. Specifically, if any of these three criteria apply to you, there’s nothing you need to do — you’ll be automatically enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B (more on the “parts” in the next section). In these cases, expect to receive your Medicare card in the mail about three months before you’ll be eligible for benefits. You already get Social Security benefits or retirement benefits from the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB). In this case, you’ll automatically get Medicare Parts A and B on the first day of the month you’ll turn 65. You’ve gotten SS or RRB disability benefits for 24 months. You have ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease). In this case, you’ll get Parts A and B the month your disability benefits begin. Continue Reading Below ADVERTISEMENT If none of these applies to you, you’ll need to sign up for Medicare. For those who are eligible based on age, the initial seven-month enrollment period begins three months before the month in which you’ll turn 65 and includes the three months after your birth month. You don’t have to sign up during the initial enrollment period, but not doing so can result in permanently higher premiums when you do. The Medicare general enrollment period runs from Jan.1 through March 31 each year. The easiest way to sign up for Medicare is online at the Social Security Administration’s website. Doing so takes about 10 minutes, and there are no forms to sign and no additional documentation requirements. If you already have Part A and just need to sign up for Part B, there is a separate application for this purpose. Of course, you can always choose to apply in person at a Social Security office, or over the phone, but these options can be much more time-consuming. What are the “parts” of Medicare? You may have heard about the “parts” of Medicare — for example, maybe you heard someone refer", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00732", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0176", "text": "I hesitated for a long time before giving shape to these notes, originally intended for preliminary reading by the attendees to the Summer School \"New paths towards quantum gravity\" (Holbaek Bay, Denmark, May 2008). At the end, I decide against just selling my mathematical wares, and for a survey, necessarily very selective, but taking a global phenomenological approach to its subject matter. After all, non-commutative geometry does not purport yet to solve the riddle of quantum gravity; it is more of an insurance policy against the probable failure of the other approaches. The plan is as follows: the introduction invites students to the fruitful doubts and conundrums besetting the application of even classical gravity. Next, the first experiments detecting quantum gravitational states inoculate us a healthy dose of skepticism on some of the current ideologies. In Section 3 we look at the action for general relativity as a consequence of gauge theory for quantum tensor fields. Section 4 briefly deals with the unimodular variants. Section 5 arrives at non-commutative geometry. I am convinced that, if this is to play a role in quantum gravity, commutative and non-commutative manifolds must be treated on the same footing; which justifies the place granted to the reconstruction theorem. Together with Section 3, this part constitutes the main body of the notes. Only very summarily at the end of this section we point to some approaches to gravity within the non-commutative realm. The last section delivers a last dose of skepticism. My efforts will have been rewarded if someone from the young generation learns to mistrust current mindsets.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00226", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0177", "text": "We report recent studies on structure functions of the nucleon and nuclei. First, clustering effects are investigated in the structure function F_2 of Be-9 for explaining an unusual nuclear correction found in a JLab experiment. We propose that high densities created by formation of clustering structure like 2*alpha+neutron in Be-9 is the origin of the unexpected JLab result by using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). There is an approved proposal at JLab to investigate the structure functions of light nuclei including the cluster structure, so that much details will become clear in a few years. Second, tensor-polarized quark and antiquark distributions are obtained by analyzing HERMES measurements on the structure function b_1 for the deuteron. The result suggests a finite tensor polarization for antiquark distributions, which is an interesting topic for further theoretical and experimental investigations. An experimental proposal exists at JLab for measuring b_1 of the deuteron as a new tensor-structure study in 2010's. Furthermore, the antiquark tensor polarization could be measured by polarized deuteron Drell-Yan processes at hadron facilities such as J-PARC and GSI-FAIR. Third, the recent CDF dijet anomaly is investigated within the standard model by considering possible modifications of the strange-quark distribution. We find that the shape of a dijet-mass spectrum changes depending on the strange-quark distribution. It indicates that the CDF excess could be partially explained as a PDF effect, particularly by the strangeness in the nucleon, within the standard model if the excess at m_{jj}~140 GeV is not a sharp peak.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00385", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0178", "text": "If low-energy supersymmetry is realized in nature, a seemingly contrived hierarchy in the squark mass spectrum appears to be required. We show that composite supersymmetric theories at the bottom of the conformal window can automatically yield the spectrum that is suggested by experimental data and naturalness. With a non-tuned choice of parameters, the only superpartners below one TeV will be the partners of the Higgs, the electroweak gauge bosons, the left-handed top and bottom, and the right-handed top, which are precisely the particles needed to make weak scale supersymmetry breaking natural. In the model considered here, these correspond to composite (or partially composite) degrees of freedom via Seiberg duality, while the other MSSM fields, with their heavier superpartners, are elementary. The key observation is that at or near the edge of the conformal window, soft supersymmetry breaking scalar and gaugino masses are transmitted only to fundamental particles at leading order. With the potential that arises from the duality, a Higgs with a 125 GeV mass, with nearly SM production rates, is naturally accommodated without tuning. The lightest ordinary superpartner is either the lightest stop or the lightest neutralino. If it is the stop, it is natural for it to be almost degenerate with the top, in which case it decays to top by emitting a very soft gravitino, making it quite difficult to find this mode at the LHC and more challenging to find SUSY in general, yielding a simple realization of the stealth supersymmetry idea. We analyze four benchmark spectra in detail.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00402", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0179", "text": "We analyze the behavior of an itinerant Fermi system near a charge nematic(n=2) Pomeranchuk instability in terms of the Landau Fermi liquid (FL) theory. The main object of our study is the fully renormalized vertex function $\\Gamma\\Omega$, related to the Landau interaction function. We derive $\\Gamma^\\Omega$ for a model case of the long-range interaction in the nematic channel. Already within the Random Phase Approximation (RPA), the vertex is singular near the instability. The full vertex, obtained by resumming the ladder series composed of the RPA vertices, differs from the RPA result by a multiplicative renormalization factor $Z_\\Gamma$, related to the single-particle residue $Z$ and effective mass renormalization $m^*/m$. We employ the Pitaevski-Landau identities, which express the derivatives of the self-energy in terms of $\\Gamma^\\Omega$, to obtain and solve a set of coupled non-linear equations for $Z_\\Gamma$, $Z$, and $m^*/m$. We show that near the transition the system enters a critical FL regime, where $Z_\\Gamma \\sim Z \\propto (1 + g_{c,2})^{1/2}$ and $m^*/m \\approx 1/Z$, where $g_{c,2}$ is the $n=2$ charge Landau component which approaches -1 at the instability. We construct the Landau function of the critical FL and show that all but $g_{c,2}$ Landau components diverge at the critical point. We also show that in the critical regime the one-loop result for the self-energy $\\Sigma (K) \\propto \\int dP G(P) D (K-P)$ is asymptotically exact if one identifies the effective interaction $D$ with the RPA form of $\\Gamma^\\Omega$.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 394, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00173", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0180", "text": "We consider some generalizations of the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Path problem. Suppose we have an asymmetric metric G = (V,A) with two distinguished nodes s,t. We are also given a positive integer k. The goal is to find k paths of minimum total cost from s to t whose union spans all nodes. We call this the k-Person Asymmetric Traveling Salesmen Path problem (k-ATSPP). Our main result for k-ATSPP is a bicriteria approximation that, for some parameter b >= 1 we may choose, finds between k and k + k/b paths of total length O(b log |V|) times the optimum value of an LP relaxation based on the Held-Karp relaxation for the Traveling Salesman problem. On one extreme this is an O(log |V|)-approximation that uses up to 2k paths and on the other it is an O(k log |V|)-approximation that uses exactly k paths. Next, we consider the case where we have k pairs of nodes (s_1,t_1), ..., (s_k,t_k). The goal is to find an s_i-t_i path for every pair such that each node of G lies on at least one of these paths. Simple approximation algorithms are presented for the special cases where the metric is symmetric or where s_i = t_i for each i. We also show that the problem can be approximated within a factor O(log n) when k=2. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the general problem cannot be approximated within any bounded ratio unless P = NP.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00396", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0181", "text": "1994.''. (2) Expenditure limits on exceptions.--The aggregate amount of additional payments or payment adjustments made under section 1861(v)(1)(L)(ii)(II), as added by paragraph (1), with respect to a fiscal year may not exceed 5 percent of the aggregate payments projected or estimated by the Secretary to be made under section 1861(v)(1)(L) for such fiscal year. (b) Additional Payments for Outliers.--Section 1861(v)(1)(L) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(v)(1)(L)), as amended by section 3(a), is further amended by adding at the end the following new clause: ``(xi) Notwithstanding clauses (v) through (ix), the Secretary shall provide for an additional payment amount to a provider equal to the difference between the reasonable cost incurred by the provider and the limit under such clauses applicable to the provider if the provider demonstrates to the Secretary that-- ``(I) the provider incurred costs in excess of the limits applicable under such clauses with respect to an individual described in subclause (II); ``(II) with respect to an individual to whom the provider furnished home health services under this title, the individual requires the most expensive home health services (case outliers) or requires such services for a far longer than average period of time (case and duration outliers), such outliers determined by the Secretary; and ``(III) such incurred costs are reasonable. No payment shall be made under this clause to a provider that, as of October 1, 1999, has ceased furnishing home health services for which payment may be made under this title.''. (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply as if included in the enactment of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 370, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00922", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0182", "text": "If you haven't finished season 2 of The Crown, proceed with caution, light spoilers ahead. In The Crown, Prince Philip's close relative Lord Mountbatten is portrayed by English actor Greg Wise. Here's the true story of the man who mentored the Duke of Edinburgh. The Mountbatten connection to the Royal Family Advertisement - Continue Reading Below As with many royal relatives, Louis Mountbatten was related to both Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth. A great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he was both a distant cousin of the Queen's and Prince Philip's uncle. Philip's mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg, was Louis's sister. Philip also lived with the Mountbattens for several years following his mother's institutionalization. A Complicated Marriage Lord Louis Mountbatten and his wife Lady Edwina in London, 1941. Getty In a particularly tender scene in the first episode of season two of The Crown, Elizabeth II speaks candidly with Uncle Dickie about her marital woes. “You married a wild spirit—we both did,\" he says, referring to his wife Lady Edwina Ashley Mountbatten, whom he married on July 18, 1922. \"Trying to tame them is no use.\" Advertisement - Continue Reading Below \"Of course I considered ending it,\" he continues. \"Then I imagined how thin, how poor life would be. I realized, when you really adore someone, as fully and as hopelessly as I think you and I do, you put up with anything.\" This season of The Crown centers around infidelity—rumors followed many of the couples featured on the show—but in reality Louis and Edwina Mountbatten had a rather unorthodox marriage. Certainly, Edwina could not be tamed, to use the language of the show, but by 1931 the couple had reportedly \"cut a deal,\" according to the Washington Post: \"They would stay together with separate beds and, to some extent, separate lives. But they would remain loving, mutually supportive chums. Above all, they would be discreet.\" Both Mountbattens had affairs; Louis wasn't just sitting at home sulking. He once reportedly said, \"Edwina and I spent all our married lives getting into other people's beds.\" The couple did have two daughters together: Patricia Knatchbull, who later became the 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma, and Lady Pamela Hicks, mother of", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00695", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0183", "text": "We consider the question: can the isotropy representation of an irreducible pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space be realized as a conformal holonomy group? Using recent results of Cap, Gover and Hammerl, we study the representations of SO(2,1), PSU(2,1) and PSp(2,1) as isotropy groups of irreducible symmetric spaces of signature (3,2), (4,4) and (6,8), respectively, describing the geometry induced by a conformal holonomy reduction to the corresponding subgroups. In the case of SO(2,1) we show that conformal manifolds with such a holonomy reduction are always locally conformally flat and hence this group cannot be a conformal holonomy group. This result completes the classification of irreducible conformal holonomy groups in Lorentzian signature. In the case of PSU(2,1), we show that conformal manifolds of signature (3,3) with this holonomy reduction carry, on an open dense subset, a canonical nearly para-Kaehler metric with positive Einstein constant. For PSp(2,1) we also show that there is an open dense subset endowed with a canonical Einstein metric in the conformal class. As a result, after restricting to an open dense subset the conformal holonomy must be a proper subgroup of PSU(2,1) or of PSp(2,1), respectively. Finally, using a recent result of Graham and Willse we prove the following general non-existence result: for a real-analytic, odd-dimensional conformal manifold, the conformal holonomy group can never be given by the isotropy representation of an irreducible pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space unless the isotropy is SO(p+1,q+1).", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00490", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0184", "text": "If a portion of a loan is repaid by the Secretary under this section for any year, the proportionate amount of interest on such loan which accrues for such year shall be repaid by the Secretary. (c) Repayment to Eligible Lenders.--The Secretary shall pay to each eligible lender or holder for each fiscal year an amount equal to the aggregate amount of loans which are subject to repayment pursuant to this section for such year. (d) Application for Repayment.-- (1) In general.--Each eligible individual desiring loan repayment under this section shall submit a complete and accurate application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. (2) Conditions.-- (A) Years of service.--An eligible individual may apply for loan repayment under this section after completing the required number of years of qualifying employment. (B) Fully qualified teachers in public elementary or secondary schools.--An application for loan repayment under this section shall include such information as is necessary to demonstrate that the applicant-- (i) if teaching in a public elementary, middle, or secondary school (other than as a teacher in a public charter school), has obtained State certification as a teacher (including certification obtained through alternative routes to certification) or passed the State teacher licensing exam and holds a license to teach in such State; and (ii) if teaching in-- (I) a public elementary school, holds a bachelor's degree and demonstrates knowledge and teaching skills in reading, writing, mathematics, science, and other areas of the elementary school curriculum; or (II) a public middle or secondary school, holds a bachelor's degree and demonstrates a high level of competency in all subject areas in which he or she teaches through-- (aa) a high level of performance on a rigorous State or local academic subject areas test; or (bb) completion of an academic major in each of the subject areas in which he or she provides instruction. (C) Teachers in nonprofit private elementary or secondary schools or charter schools.--In the case of an applicant who is teaching in a nonprofit private elementary or secondary school, or in a charter school, an application for loan repayment under this section shall include such information as is necessary to demonstrate that the applicant has knowledge and teaching skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, as certified by the chief administrative officer of the school. (e) Treatment of Consolidation Loans.--A loan amount for a consolidation loan made under section 428C of the Higher", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01011", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0185", "text": "if a criminal background check of a child care staff member, a family child care provider, or an adult permitted to reside in such a family child care provider's private residence reveals an adult felony conviction for-- ``(A) child abuse or neglect; ``(B) spousal abuse; ``(C) a crime against children (including child pornography); ``(D) a violent crime, including-- ``(i) physical assault or battery; ``(ii) rape; ``(iii) sexual assault; or ``(iv) homicide; or ``(E) distribution of, possession with intent to distribute, or importation of a controlled substance committed within 5 years prior to submission to a criminal background check. ``(3) Submittal of requests.--Subject to paragraph (4), a child care provider or a family child care provider shall submit a request for a State and national criminal background check to the appropriate State agency designated by the State-- ``(A) with respect to an individual who became a child care staff member or family child care provider, or an adult who began to reside in the private residence of such a provider, before the date of the enactment of the Child Care Accountability and Responsibility Act of 2012-- ``(i) not later than the date under subsection (b) in which a State implements the requirements of this section; and ``(ii) during each 5-year period following the first submission date under this subparagraph for such staff member, family provider, or adult; and ``(B) with respect to an individual who is a prospective child care staff member or family child care provider, or an adult who begins to reside in the private residence of such a provider, on or after the date of the enactment of such Act-- ``(i) prior to the date the individual becomes a child care staff member, a family child care provider, or such adult begins to reside in such residence; and ``(ii) during each 5-year period following the first submission date under this subparagraph for such staff member, family provider, or adult. ``(4) Limitation on requests.--Not more than 1 request for a State and national criminal background check under paragraph (3) is required for any child care staff member, family child care provider, or adult who resides in the private residence of such provider, for each 5-year period described in such paragraph. ``(5) Results.-- ``(A) In general.--Not later than 10 business days after the date on which a request under this section is made for", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00998", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0186", "text": "Spin foam models are an attempt for a covariant, or path integral formulation of canonical loop quantum gravity. The construction of such models usually rely on the Plebanski formulation of general relativity as a constrained BF theory and is based on the discretization of the action on a simplicial triangulation, which may be viewed as an ultraviolet regulator. The triangulation dependence can be removed by means of group field theory techniques, which allows one to sum over all triangulations. The main tasks for these models are the correct quantum implementation of the Plebanski constraints, the existence of a semiclassical sector implementing additional \"Regge-like\" constraints arising from simplicial triangulations, and the definition of the physical inner product of loop quantum gravity via group field theory. Here we propose a new approach to tackle these issues stemming directly from the Holst action for general relativity, which is also a proper starting point for canonical loop quantum gravity. The discretization is performed by means of a \"cubulation\" of the manifold rather than a triangulation. We give a direct interpretation of the resulting spin foam model as a generating functional for the n-point functions on the physical Hilbert space at finite regulator. This paper focuses on ideas and tasks to be performed before the model can be taken seriously. However, our analysis reveals some interesting features of this model: first, the structure of its amplitudes differs from the standard spin foam models. Second, the tetrad n-point functions admit a \"Wick-like\" structure. Third, the restriction to simple representations does not automatically occur -- unless one makes use of the time gauge, just as in the classical theory.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00104", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0187", "text": ", IMF, and World Bank. The Georgian Government has only applied this new law, which gives the Government the right to seize loan collateral before the banks that issued the loan, to Bank Cartu and no other banks. As a result, the Saakashvili regime continues to seize Bank Cartu assets in an effort to force the bank out of business and remove a source of Ivanishvili's financial support. (20) United States national security interests are best served by a democratic Georgia no matter what individuals and which parties are in control of the country. An undemocratic Georgia will breed instability in a volatile region and increase the likelihood of violent conflict. As such, it is incumbent on the United States Government to clearly communicate to President Saakashvili that if he continues down his current path and does not allow free, fair, and competitive elections, the special relationship between the United States and Georgia will be at risk and Georgia will face the loss of both United States political support and financial assistance. SEC. 3. LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE TO THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA. (a) Limitation.--No funds available to any United States department or agency for fiscal year 2013 may be used to provide assistance to the Republic of Georgia until the Secretary of State certifies and reports to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that the parliamentary elections held in October 2012 or such other date if rescheduled were carried out in a free, fair, and competitive manner consistent with international standards. (b) Matters To Be Included.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include information on-- (1) the presence and findings of election observers; (2) the ability of opposition parties to campaign effectively; and (3) whether Bidzina Ivanishvili and the Georgian Dream Party participated in the election, and, if not, the reason for their absence.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 395, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01037", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0188", "text": "applicable life insurance account'' after ``health benefits account'' each place it appears, and (B) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``or applicable life insurance benefit liabilities'' after ``health benefits liabilities''. (f) Technical Correction.--Clause (iii) of section 420(f)(6)(B) is amended by striking ``416(I)(1)'' and inserting ``416(i)(1)''. (g) Repeal of Deadwood.-- (1) Subparagraph (A) of section 420(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1990''. (2) Subsection (b) of section 420 of such Code is amended by striking paragraph (4) and by redesignating paragraph (5), as amended by this Act, as paragraph (4). (3) Paragraph (2) of section 420(b) of such Code, as amended by this section, is amended-- (A) by striking subparagraph (B), and (B) by striking ``per year.--'' and all that follows through ``No more than'' and inserting ``per year.--No more than''. (4) Paragraph (2) of section 420(c) of such Code is amended-- (A) by striking subparagraph (B), (B) by moving subparagraph (A) two ems to the left, and (C) by striking ``before transfer.--'' and all that follows through ``The requirements of this paragraph'' and inserting the following: ``before transfer.--The requirements of this paragraph''. (5) Paragraph (2) of section 420(d) of such Code is amended by striking ``after December 31, 1990''. (h) Effective Date.-- (1) In general.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to transfers made after the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) Conforming amendments relating to pension protection act.--The amendments made by subsections (b)(3)(B) and (f) shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 841(a) of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 444, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00946", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0189", "text": "Let (g,K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold M with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(M)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume V(k)=(-k/3)^{3}Vol_{g(k)}(M) is monotonically decreasing in the expanding direction and bounded below by V_{\\inf}=(-1/6)Y(M))^{3/2}. Inspired by this fact we define the ground state of the manifold M as \"the limit\" of any sequence of CMC states {(g_{i},K_{i})} satisfying: i. k_{i}=-3, ii. V_{i} --> V_{inf}, iii. Q_{0}((g_{i},K_{i}))< L where Q_{0} is the Bel-Robinson energy and L is any arbitrary positive constant. We prove that (as a geometric state) the ground state is equivalent to the Thurston geometrization of M. Ground states classify naturally into three types. We provide examples for each class, including a new ground state (the Double Cusp) that we analyze in detail. Finally consider a long time and cosmologically normalized flow (\\g,\\K)(s)=((-k/3)^{2}g,(-k/3))K) where s=-ln(-k) is in [a,\\infty). We prove that if E_{1}=E_{1}((\\g,\\K))< L (where E_{1}=Q_{0}+Q_{1}, is the sum of the zero and first order Bel-Robinson energies) the flow (\\g,\\K)(s) persistently geometrizes the three-manifold M and the geometrization is the ground state if V --> V_{inf}.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 380, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00082", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0190", "text": "The author gives the full list of his conjectures on series for powers of $\\pi$ and other important constants scattered in some of his public papers or his private diaries. The list contains 234 reasonable conjectural series. On the list there are 178 reasonable series for $\\pi^{-1}$, four series for $\\pi^2$, two series for $\\pi^{-2}$, four series for $\\pi^4$, two series for $\\pi^5$, three series for $\\pi^6$, seven series for $\\zeta(3)$, one series for $\\pi\\zeta(3)$, two series for $\\pi^2\\zeta(3)$, one series for $\\zeta(3)^2$, three series involving both $\\zeta(3)^2$ and $\\pi^6$, one series for $\\zeta(5)$, three series involving both $\\zeta(5)$ and $\\zeta(2)\\zeta(3)$, two series involving both $\\pi\\zeta(5)$ and $\\pi^3\\zeta(3)$, three series involving $\\zeta(7)$, three series for $K=L(2,(\\frac{\\cdot}{3}))$, one series for the Catalan constant $G$, two series for $\\pi G$, one series involving both $\\pi^3G$ and $\\pi^2\\zeta(3)$, two series for $\\pi K$, two series involving $L=L(4,(\\frac{\\cdot}3))$, three series involving $\\beta(4)=L(4,(\\frac{-4}{\\cdot}))$, and four series for $\\pi^2\\log a$ with $a=2,3,(\\sqrt5+1)/2$. The code of a conjectural series is underlined if and only if a complete proof of the identity is available.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00312", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0191", "text": ", 2019-- (1) the pause or moratorium on the issuance of new Federal coal leases under the Secretarial order referred to in subsection (a)(1) is terminated; and (2) that Secretarial order shall have no force or effect. SEC. 5. GRANDFATHERING OF COAL LEASES ON APPLICATION AND COAL LEASE MODIFICATIONS. Nothing in the order of the Secretary of the Interior entitled ``Discretionary Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement to Modernize the Federal Coal Program'', numbered 3338 and dated January 15, 2016, shall be considered to prohibit or restrict any issuance of a coal lease on application or coal lease modification, pursuant to section 3432 of title 43, Code of Federal Regulations, for which the Bureau of Land Management has begun its review under section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332) as of January 15, 2016. SEC. 6. DEADLINE FOR COAL LEASE SALES AND MODIFICATIONS. Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Secretary completes the analysis required under section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332) for an application for a coal lease, or an application for a modification to a coal lease pursuant to subpart 3432 of part 3430 of title 43, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), accepted by the Secretary, the Secretary shall conduct the lease sale and issue the lease, or approve the modification, unless the applicant indicates in writing that the applicant no longer seeks the lease or modification to the lease.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00851", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0192", "text": "Let $E_d(n)$ be the maximum number of pairs that can be selected from a set of $n$ points in $R^d$ such that the midpoints of these pairs are convexly independent. We show that $E_2(n)\\geq \\Omega(n\\sqrt{\\log n})$, which answers a question of Eisenbrand, Pach, Rothvo\\ss, and Sopher (2008) on large convexly independent subsets in Minkowski sums of finite planar sets, as well as a question of Halman, Onn, and Rothblum (2007). We also show that $\\lfloor\\frac{1}{3}n^2\\rfloor\\leq E_3(n)\\leq \\frac{3}{8}n^2+O(n^{3/2})$. Let $W_d(n)$ be the maximum number of pairwise nonparallel unit distance pairs in a set of $n$ points in some $d$-dimensional strictly convex normed space. We show that $W_2(n)=\\Theta(E_2(n))$ and for $d\\geq 3$ that $W_d(n)\\sim\\frac12\\left(1-\\frac{1}{a(d)}\\right)n^2$, where $a(d)\\in N$ is related to strictly antipodal families. In fact we show that the same asymptotics hold without the requirement that the unit distance pairs form pairwise nonparallel segments, and also if diameter pairs are considered instead of unit distance pairs.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00246", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0193", "text": "right in line with the GTX 1080, and beats it by a more comfortable margin than the RX Vega 56. Nvidia’s champion, the GTX 1080 Ti, remains far ahead of the RX Vega 64 – yet at pricing just below $700 for the most affordable variants, it’s not in the same league. How long will it last? With solid 1080p and 1440p performance, the Radeon RX Vega 56 and RX Vega 64 should have no problem keeping up for several years. The openness of FreeSync also gives AMD an edge here, since it should be easier and more affordable to upgrade to a FreeSync monitor in the future, if you don’t have on already. Should you buy it? Yes, for both models – with the RX Vega 56 taking an edge in terms of value. At $400, it’s still expensive by the standards of most gamers (you could buy a PS4 Pro for as much), but it delivers top-tier performance at 1080p and 1440p resolution. It delivers GTX 1080-level performance for $100 less, and that’s awesome. The RX Vega 64 is also recommended, but we’re surprised by the small improvement it offers over the RX Vega 56. That blunts its value. Will you notice that the RX Vega 64 is, on average, three frames per second quicker than the RX Vega 56 in Battlefield 1? We doubt it. Yet the RX Vega 64 does generally beat the GTX 1080, and it’s priced the same. That makes it the card to buy if you have $500 to spend. Vega is a not the landslide AMD needs, but it is a victory. Nvidia’s alternatives have been around for some time, and the green team could blunt much of AMD’s momentum by dropping prices. Still, a win is a win. RX Vega is the way to go if you have between $400 and $500 to spend on a video card right now.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 409, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00723", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0194", "text": "The classical Lojasiewicz inequality and its extensions for partial differential equation problems (Simon) and to o-minimal structures (Kurdyka) have a considerable impact on the analysis of gradient-like methods and related problems: minimization methods, complexity theory, asymptotic analysis of dissipative partial differential equations, tame geometry. This paper provides alternative characterizations of this type of inequalities for nonsmooth lower semicontinuous functions defined on a metric or a real Hilbert space. In a metric context, we show that a generalized form of the Lojasiewicz inequality (hereby called the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality) relates to metric regularity and to the Lipschitz continuity of the sublevel mapping, yielding applications to discrete methods (strong convergence of the proximal algorithm). In a Hilbert setting we further establish that asymptotic properties of the semiflow generated by $-\\partial f$ are strongly linked to this inequality. This is done by introducing the notion of a piecewise subgradient curve: such curves have uniformly bounded lengths if and only if the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality is satisfied. Further characterizations in terms of talweg lines -a concept linked to the location of the less steepest points at the level sets of $f$- and integrability conditions are given. In the convex case these results are significantly reinforced, allowing in particular to establish the asymptotic equivalence of discrete gradient methods and continuous gradient curves. On the other hand, a counterexample of a convex C^2 function in in the plane is constructed to illustrate the fact that, contrary to our intuition, and unless a specific growth condition is satisfied, convex functions may fail to fulfill the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00047", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0195", "text": "Non-gaussianity in the initial conditions of the universe is one of the most powerful mechanisms to discriminate among the competing theories of the early universe. Measurements using bispectrum of cosmic microwave background anisotropies are limited by the cosmic variance, i.e. available number of modes. Recent work has emphasized the possibility to probe non-gaussianity of local type using the scale dependence of large scale bias from highly biased tracers of large scale structure. However, this power spectrum method is also limited by cosmic variance, finite number of structures on the largest scales, and by the partial degeneracy with other cosmological parameters that can mimic the same effect. Here we propose an alternative method that solves both of these problems. It is based on the idea that on large scales halos are biased, but not stochastic, tracers of dark matter: by correlating a highly biased tracer of large scale structure against an unbiased tracer one eliminates the cosmic variance error, which can lead to a high signal to noise even from the structures comparable to the size of the survey. The square of error improvement on non-gaussianity parameter f_nl relative to the power spectrum method scales as Pn/2, where P and n is the power spectrum and the number density of the biased tracer, respectively. For an ideal survey out to z=2 the error reduction can be as large as a factor of seven, which should guarantee a detection of non-gaussianity from an all sky survey of this type. The improvements could be even larger if high density tracers that are sensitive to non-gaussianity can be identified and measured over a large volume.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00072", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0196", "text": "If you're a woman, your menstrual cycle is regular Marcos Mesa Sam Wordley/Shutterstock\"Regular menstrual cycles (intervals of 27 to 35 days) are a sign of reproductive health. Regular cycles suggest normal ovulation, and that reflects balanced hormone levels from the brain down to the ovaries. Women who are unhealthy because they're overweight or underweight tend to have more erratic or even absent periods; the brain shuts down ovarian function and ovulation doesn't happen or happens unpredictably.\" —Janet Choi, MD, reproductive endocrinologist, CCRM-New York. These are the period problems you shouldn't ignore. You have thick hair and strong nails Focus and Blur/Shutterstock\"Thick abundant hair and firm, fast growing nails tend to be a sign of good health. The opposite, thinning hair, brittle or cracked nails are often a sign of marked nutritional deficiencies such as lack of iron, Vitamin D and other key vitamins.\" —Arielle Levitan MD, founder of Vous Vitamin, LLC. If you're looking to get more luster in your hair and nails, check out these quick tips. You tend to have a lot of energy A. and I. Kruk/Shutterstock\"If you spring out of bed each morning, ready to hit the gym and face the day, you are likely doing pretty well. Many illnesses and vitamin deficiencies can leave you sluggish, lacking energy and fatigued.\" —Arielle Levitan MD, founder, Vous Vitamin, LLC Content continues below ad You can deal with your emotions and others' emotions. fizkes/Shutterstock\"We've all got needs—for connection, nurturing, respect, autonomy, to name just a few—and being able to recognize, express, and pursue these creates better relationships and a happier life. Healthy people also try to understand and meet the emotional needs of others. They're curious and attentive to how others feel. When they do something that's hurtful, they make amends and they make changes.\" —Holly Brown, marriage and family therapist. These are the five things you need for emotional intelligence. You don't get many headaches, and they don't last long Syda Productions/Shutterstock\"Headaches—we all get them. They are the result of stress, or tense musculature, and are normal. In a healthy person, they pass in time and do not linger. An occasional migraine or other headache is not uncommon, but if medications no longer work, and other medical causes have", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00777", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0197", "text": "Given two genomes with duplicate genes, \\textsc{Zero Exemplar Distance} is the problem of deciding whether the two genomes can be reduced to the same genome without duplicate genes by deleting all but one copy of each gene in each genome. Blin, Fertin, Sikora, and Vialette recently proved that \\textsc{Zero Exemplar Distance} for monochromosomal genomes is NP-hard even if each gene appears at most two times in each genome, thereby settling an important open question on genome rearrangement in the exemplar model. In this paper, we give a very simple alternative proof of this result. We also study the problem \\textsc{Zero Exemplar Distance} for multichromosomal genomes without gene order, and prove the analogous result that it is also NP-hard even if each gene appears at most two times in each genome. For the positive direction, we show that both variants of \\textsc{Zero Exemplar Distance} admit polynomial-time algorithms if each gene appears exactly once in one genome and at least once in the other genome. In addition, we present a polynomial-time algorithm for the related problem \\textsc{Exemplar Longest Common Subsequence} in the special case that each mandatory symbol appears exactly once in one input sequence and at least once in the other input sequence. This answers an open question of Bonizzoni et al. We also show that \\textsc{Zero Exemplar Distance} for multichromosomal genomes without gene order is fixed-parameter tractable if the parameter is the maximum number of chromosomes in each genome.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00206", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0198", "text": "blast away from traffic lights (thanks to a 48-horsepower motor that pushes 53 pounds of torque). There are two other modes available: Road gives you all the power with a little regenerative braking while Sail removes all regenerative braking. I stuck with Eco Pro and Dynamic modes for 95 percent of my rides, since they offered the best combination of riding and regenerative energy creation. Regardless of how you ride, there is the usual electric-vehicle caveat that if you spend any time at high speeds on the freeway, you're going to burn through your charge. During an 11-mile jaunt on the highway at a steady 65MPH, I drained 20 percent of the battery. That's something to consider if you're interested in any EV for a daily commute that involves a lot of time on the freeway. Recharging the bike after flying down the highway via the level 2 port took about 4 to 4.5 hours. It can also be charged with the 110-volt outlet you have at home, but expect it to take about twice as long. In a city like Los Angeles where malls, Whole Foods Markets and other businesses have chargers in their parking lot, pushing past the century mark during a single day wasn't a problem -- that is, if you're cool shopping or eating while you charge. That might not be so healthy for the bank account. That's the rub with electric motorcycles and scooters. Unlike their four-wheeled counterparts, it's tough to see a financial incentive. The gas-powered BMW counterparts to the C evolution both get 51 miles per gallon, so the monthly outlay of cash isn't that high to begin with. There are the maintenance cost savings, but with a price tag that's about $3,000 more than comparable with BMW gas-powered scooters, it's tough to see the financial upside of the C evolution. That said, as I rode through LA and saw a constant brown haze on the horizon, both over land and water, it was a reminder that petrol-powered vehicles contribute to that smog. In the grand scheme of things, it's important to see the C evolution and other EVs as vehicles that will reduce that brown sky. Sure, on a spreadsheet buying one doesn't add up, but when you take into account the impact vehicles have on our air, if you can afford to go EV and it fits into your lifestyle, it's almost a no-brainer.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00627", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0199", "text": "We present the first metallicity distribution functions of the old field populations in the Magellanic Clouds. Our metallicities are based on the Fourier decomposition of Type ab RR Lyrae light curves from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-III). On the metallicity scale of Zinn & West; we find a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.50 +/- 0.24 dex based on 16776 RR Lyrae stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). For the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) we obtain -1.70 +/- 0.27 dex based on 1831 RR Lyrae stars. These uncertainties represent the intrinsic spread in the population rather than the standard deviation of the mean. Our results are in good agreement with the few existing spectroscopic metallicity determinations for LMC RR Lyrae stars from the literature. For both the LMC and the SMC the metallicity spread exceeds 1 dex in [Fe/H]. The distribution of metallicities in both Clouds is very uniform, and no significant metallicity gradient is detectable. We also do not find any pronounced populations of extremely metal-poor RR Lyrae candidates with metallicities well below -2 dex, although we need to caution that the photometric method used may overestimate the metallicities of metal-deficient stars. Moreover, because of stellar evolutionary effects one does not expect to observe many RR Lyrae stars among very metal-poor horizontal branch stars. We suggest that the Magellanic Clouds experienced fairly rapid and efficient early enrichment involving pre-enriched gas as well as possibly gas infall, while metal loss through outflows does not seem to have played a significant role. Moreover we suggest that the differences in the metallicities of the old population of LMC and SMC make an origin from a single, common progenitor unlikely, unless the separation happened very early on.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 396, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00392", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0200", "text": "If the Secretary disapproves a management plan, the Secretary shall advise the management entity in writing of the reasons for the disapproval and shall make recommendations for revisions to the management plan. (B) Deadline for approval of revision.--The Secretary shall approve or disapprove a proposed revision within 90 days after the date on which the revision is submitted to the Secretary. (c) Approval of Amendments.-- (1) Review.--The Secretary shall review substantial amendments (as determined under section 6(c)(8)) to the management plan for the Heritage Area. (2) Requirement of approval.--Funds made available under this Act shall not be expended to implement the amendments described in paragraph (1) until the Secretary approves the amendments. SEC. 8. SUNSET PROVISION. The Secretary shall not provide any grant or other assistance under this Act after September 30, 2012. SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act $10,000,000, except that not more than $1,000,000 may be appropriated to carry out this Act for any fiscal year. (b) 50 Percent Match.--The Federal share of the cost of activities carried out using any assistance or grant under this Act shall not exceed 50 percent. Passed the Senate November 19, 1999. Attest: Secretary. 106th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 905 _______________________________________________________________________ AN ACT To establish the Lackawanna Valley National Heritage Area and for other purposes.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00956", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0201", "text": "If you are entering Indian Country or another school zone, be prepared for traffic. \"They definitely need to leave earlier and that is anytime for any school zone, particularly for this one but leave yourself enough time so that when traffic does back that you are not rushed, the kids aren't going to be late for school, they aren't going to be late for work and nobody is trying to short cut,\" said Officer Jamie Hamrick, a prevention resource officer at schools in Bridgeport and member of the Bridgeport Police Department. Drop off will be different this year at Johnson Elementary because of construction for the new school. A few things have changed to the drop off routine and parents and commuters need to be aware when traveling in front of the schools. \"Johnson Avenue does not have the entrance that they had last year for Johnson Elementary School. This year all Johnson traffic will have to come down City Park Drive and then come behind the school, let their kids out or go into the parking lot and then proceed out because there is only one way in and one way out this year,\" explained Hamrick. Parents must enter the City Park entrance and travel around the back of the school. The parking lot next to the school's entrance has been repaved and is just for parent parking. \"I will be out in the back actually this year trying to keep things moving along because the high school students will actually be coming down the same way and then parking behind the high school so I will be directing traffic back there but yes we will be having an increased police presence out along Johnson Avenue, making sure everyone is going the way they should be,\" added Hamrick. The best advice Bridgeport Police can give the community? Avoid Johnson Avenue if you are not part of school traffic and remember, Johnson Avenue is 15 m.p.h during school times.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00677", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0202", "text": "Assuming the Three Lions come out top in their game against Sweden, what time will their next match be? And where can you watch it? England are now just one game away from reaching a World Cup semi-final and having their best tournament since Italia 1990. But if they beat Sweden in their quarter-final (Saturday 7th July, 3pm, BBC1), when will they play next? And against who? Advertisement Here’s everything you need to know… When will England play in the World Cup 2018 semi-finals? If they reach this stage, England will play at Luzhniki on Wednesday 11 July. What time is kick off? The match begins at 7pm BST What channel is the game on? If England get through, the match is extremely likely to air on ITV, with the broadcaster having first dibs of the semi-final games. Who could England play against in the World Cup semi-finals? The Three Lions could face a match between Croatia or hosts Russia. Those two sides play Saturday 7th July at 7pm, ITV – a few hours after England’s game with Sweden. Check the full World Cup 2018 schedule here. Advertisement Who could the winner face in the final? The victor of this semi-final will go on to face either Uruguay, France, Brazil or Belgium, with those four sides currently contending in the quarter-finals. The final will be held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow at 4pm BST on Sunday 15th July, with the game airing both on ITV and BBC1.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00688", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0203", "text": "the requirements of such title solely on the basis of its failure to meet these additional requirements before the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the close of the first regular session of the State legislature that begins after the date of enactment of this Act. For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session is considered to be a separate regular session of the State legislature. SEC. 4. INCREASING AWARENESS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF END-OF-LIFE PLANNING. Title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 241 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new part: ``PART R--PROGRAMS TO INCREASE AWARENESS OF ADVANCE DIRECTIVE PLANNING ISSUES ``SEC. 399Z-1. ADVANCE DIRECTIVE EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS AND INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSES. ``The Secretary shall provide for the establishment of a national, toll-free, information clearinghouse as well as clearinghouses that the public may access to find out about State-specific information regarding advance directive and end-of-life decisions.''. SEC. 5. GAO STUDY AND REPORT ON ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL ADVANCE DIRECTIVE REGISTRY. (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the feasibility of a national registry for advance directives, taking into consideration the constraints created by the privacy provisions enacted as a result of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a) together with recommendations for such legislation and administrative action as the Comptroller General of the United States determines to be appropriate. SEC. 6. ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AT STATE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES. Each State shall establish a program of providing information on the advance directives clearinghouse established pursuant to section 399Z-1 of the Public Health Service Act to individuals who are residents of the State at such State's department of motor vehicles. Such program shall be modeled after the program of providing information regarding organ donation established at the State's department of motor vehicles, if such State has such an organ donation program.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 486, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00916", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0204", "text": "We present the burst ages for young stellar populations in a sample of six nearby (< 10 Mpc) spiral galaxies using a differential pixel-based analysis of the ionized gas emission. We explore this as an alternative approach for connecting large-scale dynamical mechanisms with star formation processes in disk galaxies, based on burst ages derived from the Ha to far UV (FUV) flux ratio. Images of each galaxy in Ha were taken with Taurus Tunable Filter (TTF) and matched to FUV imaging from GALEX. The resulting flux ratio provides a robust measure of relative age across the disk which we discuss in terms of the large-scale dynamical motions. Systematic effects, such as a variable initial mass function (IMF), non-solar metallicities, variable star-formation history (SFHs), and dust attenuation, have been used to derive estimates of the systematic uncertainty. The resulting age maps show a wide range of patterns outside of those galaxies with the strongest spiral structure, confirming the idea that star formation is driven one by several processes, largely determined by the individual circumstances of the galaxy. Generally, grand design spirals such as M74, M100, and M51 exhibit age gradients across the main spiral arms, with the youngest star formation regions along the central and inner edges. In M63 and M74 galaxy-wide trends emerge, suggesting that although most star formation is located along spiral arms, spiral density waves are not the only driver in these cases. We argue that despite appearances, galaxy morphology is not an absolute discriminator of the star formation history of an individual galaxy, nor of the processes triggering it. We conclude that Ha-to-FUV flux ratios are a relatively direct way to probe burst ages across galaxies and infer something of their dynamical histories, provided that sources of systematics are properly taken into account.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 366, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00317", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0205", "text": "government data that focuses specifically on that population. For that reason, many assertions about the effects of family immigration tend to be based on assumptions about the skills and education held by family-sponsored immigrants. “Do I think the poor labor market for situation for these folks is a serious and profound social problem? You bet,” Camarota said. “Do I think immigration is contributing to that problem? I do.” But others say a policy that reduces legal immigration would probably hurt Americans more than it would help. “If we want our economy to be dynamic, we need immigrants,” said Jim Russell, a research consultant with the Center for Population Dynamics at Cleveland State University. Cities like Cleveland are struggling to attract residents, he said. At the same time, immigrants are helping to fill gaps in the region’s labor market, not just in low-skill jobs in the service and agriculture sectors, but also in high-skill professions like engineering and medicine. If those folks can’t someday bring their parents or siblings, Russell said, they may be deterred from moving here. “The signal you're sending to the rest of the world is one that will reach highly skilled people as well,” he said. “And they will see the United States as intolerant and instead of going to Cleveland, they'll go to Toronto, or they'll go to Sydney.” Or professionals, like attorney Su He, may decide to leave. Ms. He moved here from China about a decade ago to attend law school at Case Western Reserve University. Along the way, she met her husband, a scientist. And last year she hung up a shingle, her own immigration law practice. She said, she and her husband have plans to put down roots in Cleveland, become citizens, and one day, sponsor their aging parents to come live here. “When I get older, my parents get older,” she said, “and because me and my husband, we’re both the only child in the family, if we don’t care of them, no one will take care of them.” But those plans could change if President Trump were to get his way. Ms. He said if she and her husband can’t bring their parents here, they’d have no choice but to move back to China.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 453, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00599", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0206", "text": "We use a non-equilibrium chemical network to revisit and study the effect of H_{2}, HD and LiH molecular cooling on a primordial element of gas. We solve both the thermal and chemical equations for a gas element with an initial temperature T\\approx 1000K and a gas number density in the range n_{tot}=1-10^{4} cm^{-3}. At low densities, n_{tot}<10^{2} cm^{-3}, the gas reaches temperatures \\sim 100K and the main coolant is H_{2}, but at higher densities, n_{tot}>10^{2} cm^{-3}, the HD molecule dominates the gas temperature evolution. The effect of LiH is negligible in all cases. We studied the effect of D abundance on the gas cooling. The D abundance was set initially to be in the range n_{D}/n_{H}=10^{-7}-10^{-4.5}, with n_{HD}/n_{H}={D^{+}}/n_{H}=10^{-10}. The simulations show that at n_{tot}>10^{2} cm^{-3} the HD cooling dominates the temperature evolution for D abundances greater than 10^{-5}n_{H}. This number decrease at higher densities. Furthermore, we studied the effect of electrons and ionized particules on the gas temperature. We followed the gas temperature evolution with n_{H_{+}}/n_{H}=10^{-4}-10^{-1} and n_{D^{+}}/n_{H^{+}}=10^{-5}. The gas temperature reached lower values at high ionization degree because electrons, H^{+} and D^{+} are catalizers in the formation paths of the H_{2} and HD molecules, which are the main coolers at low temperatures. Finaly, we studied the effect of an OB star, with T_{eff}=4\\times 10^{4}K, would have on gas cooling. It is very difficult for a gas with n_{tot} in the range between 1-100 cm^{-3} to drop its temperature if the star is at a distance less than 100 pc.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 446, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00081", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0207", "text": "Observations are revealing the ubiquity of filamentary structures in molecular clouds. As cores are often embedded in filaments, it is important to understand how line profiles from such systems differ from those of isolated cores. We perform radiative transfer calculations on a hydrodynamic simulation of a molecular cloud in order to model line emission from collapsing cores embedded in filaments. We model two optically thick lines, CS(2-1) and HCN(1-0), and one optically thin line, N2H+(1-0), from three embedded cores. In the hydrodynamic simulation, gas self-gravity, turbulence, and bulk flows create filamentary regions within which cores form. Though the filaments have large dispersions, the N2H+(1-0) lines indicate subsonic velocities within the cores. We find that the observed optically thick line profiles of CS(2-1) and HCN(1-0) vary drastically with viewing angle. In over 50% of viewing angles, there is no sign of a blue asymmetry, an idealised signature of infall motions in an isolated spherical collapsing core. Profiles which primarily trace the cores, with little contribution from the surrounding filament, are characterised by a systematically higher HCN(1-0) peak intensity. The N2H+(1-0) lines do not follow this trend. We demonstrate that red asymmetric profiles are also feasible in the optically thick lines, due to emission from the filament or one-sided accretion flows onto the core. We conclude that embedded cores may frequently undergo collapse without showing a blue asymmetric profile, and that observational surveys including filamentary regions may underestimate the number of collapsing cores if based solely on profile shapes of optically thick lines.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00411", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0208", "text": "We present Chandra ACIS-I and ACIS-S observations (~200ks in total) of the X-ray luminous elliptical galaxy NGC4636, located in the outskirts of the Virgo cluster. A soft band (0.5-2 keV) image shows the presence of a bright core in the center surrounded by an extended X-ray corona and two pronounced quasi-symmetric, 8 kpc long, arm-like features. Each of this features defines the rim of an ellipsoidal bubble. An additional bubble-like feature, whose northern rim is located ~2 kpc south of the north-eastern arm, is detected as well. We present surface brightness and temperature profiles across the rims of the bubbles, showing that their edges are sharp and characterized by temperature jumps of about 20-25%. Through a comparison of the observed profiles with theoretical shock models, we demonstrate that a scenario where the bubbles were produced by shocks, probably driven by energy deposited off-center by jets, is the most viable explanation to the X-ray morphology observed in the central part of NGC4636. As a confirmation to this scenario, radio jets extending towards the bubbles and a central weak X-ray and radio source are detected and are most likely the signs of AGN activity which was more intense in the past. A bright dense core of ~1 kpc radius is observed at the center of NGC4636. A sharp decline in surface brightness from the core to the ambient gas is observed and is not accompanied by a variation in the temperature and thus could not be in thermal pressure equilibrium. However the bright core could be a long lived feature if the radio jets are acting as a balancing factor to thermal pressure or if the bright core is produced by steep abundance gradients.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 350, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00132", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0209", "text": "If your home is decked out in dazzling decorations this Christmas you could be in with a chance of winning £1,000 as Royal Mail begins its search for the UK’s most festive home. Whether you live in a bungalow or a flat, the Stop, Look, Glisten campaign is encouraging homeowners to transform their properties into magical award-winning grottos that even Santa Claus would be proud of. Stop, Look, Glisten. David Gold, Royal Mail spokesperson, said: “When it comes to an award-winning house, we’re looking for originality, personality and festivity. “Royal Mail has a footprint in communities across the UK and we enjoy all the brilliant and magical ways people celebrate Christmas.” He added: “Light decorations are a particular favourite. That’s why we decided to launch our Stop, Look, Glisten competition, to encourage people across the UK to take pride in their decorations and share them far and wide.” The lucky winner will win £1,000 whilst the runners up will receive a set of 50 Christmas stamps and a framed personalised image. Do you live in the UK's most festive home? But whilst the decorations go up, Royal Mail are reminding contestants not to blind their local postie with festive lights, and to stay safe. “Whilst Christmas lights are a beautiful addition to our communities, it’s important to remember to stay safe when decorating your house and take the appropriate precautions,” said Gold. “Also, keep in mind how your decorations might impact those visiting you – especially your postman or postwoman!” To be in with a chance of winning, send an image or video of your house to glisten@jpress.co.uk, upload your image/video on Twitter or Instagram including #ChristmasLights, @RoyalMail and @sunderlandecho, or visit www.facebook.com/RoyalMail. The Stop, Look, Glisten competition closes midnight on Sunday, December 17, and the winner and runners-up will be announced week commencing December 18. The usual terms and conditions apply to this competition. This Competition Notice should be read together with, and is in addition to, Johnston Press Plc’s Competition/Prize Draw Terms and Conditions at: www.johnstonpress.co.uk/terms-conditions", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 453, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00582", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0210", "text": "We study near a Feshbach resonance, as a function of the mass ratio, the fermion-dimer scattering amplitude in fermionic mixtures of two fermion species. When masses are equal the physical situation is known to be quite simple. We show that, when the mass ratio is increased, the situation becomes much more complex. For the s-wave contribution we obtain an analytical solution in the asymptotic limit of very large mass ratio. In this regime the s-wave scattering amplitude displays a large number of zeros, essentially linked to the known large value of the fermion-dimer scattering length in this regime. We find by an exact numerical calculation that a zero is still present for a mass ratio of 15. For the p-wave contribution we make our study below the mass ratio of 8.17, where a fermion-dimer bound state appears. We find that a strong p-wave resonance is present at low energy, due to a virtual bound state, in the fermion-dimer system, which is a forerunner of the real bound state. This resonance becomes prominent in the mass ratio range around the one corresponding to the $^{40}$K - $^6$Li mixtures, much studied experimentally. This resonance should affect a number of physical properties. These include the equation of state of unbalanced mixtures at very low temperature but also the equation of state of balanced mixtures at moderate or high temperature. The frequency and the damping of collective modes should also provide a convenient way to evidence this resonance. Finally it should be possible to modify the effective mass of one of the fermionic species by making use of an optical lattice. This would allow to study the strong dependence of the resonance as a function of the mass ratio of the two fermionic elements. In particular one could check if the virtual bound state is relevant for the instabilities of these mixtures.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 378, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00496", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0211", "text": "Say this for Mayor de Blasio: He’s an equal-opportunity enabler. Fat cats, lobbyists, unions — they all get to wield their influence at City Hall, once they pledge their loyalty (and their wallets) to the mayor. That de Blasio is a union advocate is no secret. But now PoliticoNY reports that some unions seem to be more equal than others. Hundreds of pages of newly disclosed e-mails show that 32BJ SEIU, which represents building-service workers, pretty much ran the process of coming up with new laws to “protect” non-unionized fast-food workers. That included drafting, editing and dictating last-minute changes to a set of bills even before it was introduced in the City Council. Yes, it’s normal for elected officials to routinely solicit input from advocates for and against proposed legislation, and that’s what the mayor’s minions claim is all that happened here. But Politico New York says the e-mails (released under the Freedom of Information laws) show that here it was the union, not City Hall, driving the bill-drafting process. And with good reason: Besides setting scheduling rules for fast-food workers, one bill required employers to deduct fees for a nonprofit if employees request it. That nonprofit, Fast Food Justice, claims 1,200 members. Critics call it an alternative union not subject to the disclosure rules that govern actual unions. But (as Politico notes) if Fast Food Justice evolves into a real union, as is its goal, then it will logically become part of 32BJ, the first union to back de Blasio’s re-election. Whether 32BJ or BerlinRosen or Jona Rech­nitz or Harendra Singh, everyone has long known they can gain something from Team de Blasio if the price is right.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00804", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0212", "text": "If $Q$ is a non degenerate quadratic form on ${\\bb C}^n$, it is well known that the differential operators $X=Q(x)$, $Y=Q(\\partial)$, and $H=E+\\frac{n}{2}$, where $E$ is the Euler operator, generate a Lie algebra isomorphic to ${\\go sl}_{2}$. Therefore the associative algebra they generate is a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra ${\\cal U}({\\go sl}_{2})$. This fact is in some sense the foundation of the metaplectic representation. The present paper is devoted to the study of the case where $Q(x)$ is replaced by $\\Delta_{0}(x)$, where $\\Delta_{0}(x)$ is the relative invariant of a prehomogeneous vector space of commutative parabolic type ($ {\\go g},V $), or equivalently where $\\Delta_{0}$ is the \"determinant\" function of a simple Jordan algebra $V$ over ${\\bb C}$. In this Part I we show several structure results for the associative algebra generated by $X=\\Delta_{0}(x)$, $Y=\\Delta_{0}(\\partial)$. Our main result shows that if we consider this algebra as an algebra over a certain commutative ring ${\\bf A}$ of invariant differential operators it is isomorphic to the quotient of what we call a generalized Smith algebra $S(f, {\\bf A}, n)$ where $f\\in {\\bf A}[t]$. The Smith algebras (over ${\\bb C}$) were introduced by P. Smith as \"natural\" generalizations of ${\\cal U}({\\go sl}_{2})$.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00045", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0213", "text": "action and a copy of the complaint to the Federal Trade Commission immediately upon the filing of the action. (3) Authority of federal trade commission.-- (A) In general.--On receiving notice under paragraph (2) of an action under this subsection, the Federal Trade Commission shall have the right-- (i) to intervene in the action; (ii) upon so intervening, to be heard on all matters arising therein; and (iii) to file petitions for appeal. (B) Limitation on state action while federal action is pending.--If the Federal Trade Commission or the Attorney General of the United States has instituted a civil action for violation of a rule promulgated under subsection (a) (referred to in this subparagraph as the ``Federal action''), no State attorney general, official, or agency may bring an action under this subsection during the pendency of the Federal action against any defendant named in the complaint in the Federal action for any violation of such rule alleged in such complaint. (4) Rule of construction.--For purposes of bringing a civil action under this subsection, nothing in this Act shall be construed to prevent an attorney general, official, or agency of a State from exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general, official, or agency by the laws of such State to conduct investigations, administer oaths and affirmations, or compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documentary and other evidence. (d) Definitions.--In this section: (1) Child.--The term ``child'' means an individual that is less than 18 years of age. (2) Firearm.--The term ``firearm'' has the meaning given that term in section 921 of title 18, United States Code.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00890", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0214", "text": "High resolution X-ray spectroscopy has revealed soft X-rays from high density plasma in Classical T-Tauri stars (CTTSs), probably arising from the accretion shock region. However, the mass accretion rates derived from the X-ray observations are consistently lower than those derived from UV/optical/NIR studies. We aim to test the hypothesis that the high density soft X-ray emission is from accretion by analysing optical accretion tracers from an X-ray selected sample of CTTSs in a homogeneous manner. We analyse optical spectra of a sample of CTTSs and calculate the accretion rates based on measuring optical emission lines. These are then compared to the accretion rates derived from the X-ray spectroscopy. We find that, for each CTTS in our sample, the different optical tracers predict mass accretion rates that agree within the errors, albeit with a spread of ~1 order of magnitude. Typically, mass accretion rates derived from Halpha and HeI 5876 Ang are larger than those derived from Hbeta, Hgamma and OI. When comparisons of the optical mass accretion rates are made to the X-ray derived mass accretion rates, we find that: a) the latter are always lower (but by varying amounts); b) the latter range within a factor of ~2 around 2x10^{-10} M_odot yr^{-1}, despite the fact that the former span a range of ~3 orders of magnitude. We suggest that the systematic underestimation of the X-ray derived mass accretion rates could depend on the density distribution inside the accretion streams, where the densest part of the stream is not visible in the X-ray band because of the absorption by the stellar atmosphere. We also suggest that a non-negligible optical depth of X-ray emission lines produced by post-shock accreting plasma may explain the almost constant mass accretion rates derived in X-rays if the effect is larger in stars with larger optical mass accretion rates.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 418, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00284", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0215", "text": "if this wasn’t already a constitutional obligation). But one new principle did substantively change things: going forward, the government would assess the “direct and upstream greenhouse gas emissions linked to projects.” This requires regulators to engage in an extraordinary amount of guesswork. It ignores the fact that other countries will supply fossil fuels if we choose not to. And it makes an already fraught regulatory climate that much more uncertain. Energy East should not have been subject to criteria not in place when the company filed its application Energy East filed its application with the NEB before these new rules were in effect, so the project shouldn’t have been subject to the new criteria in the first place. But it was. It leaves one to wonder whether the Liberals intended to orchestrate a cancellation of Energy East to avoid the political fallout of approving or rejecting it later on. This is the same government, after all, that used an oil-tanker traffic ban to undermine the Northern Gateway project (which had previously been approved by the Harper government), to curry political favour in some parts of the country, while hurting others. Whether the Liberals knowingly sabotaged Energy East, or are merely oblivious to the importance of maintaining a stable business climate, there is no silver lining here. The damage is not easily undone, and our economy will continue to lose investment, even as Alberta’s oil ships anyway, at greater risk, by rail, and is sold at a discount. Eastern Canadians will continue to import energy from often abhorrent regimes abroad, thousands of potential jobs have been lost, and a grim signal has been sent to global investors about our willingness and ability to get business done. All of this was avoidable. And yet, sadly, none of it is surprising.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 345, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00661", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0216", "text": "Context: The chemical composition of a molecular cloud changes dramatically as it collapses to form a low-mass protostar and circumstellar disk. Two-dimensional (2D) chemodynamical models are required to properly study this process. Aims: The goal of this work is to follow, for the first time, the chemical evolution in two dimensions all the way from a pre-stellar core into a circumstellar disk. Of special interest is the question whether the chemical composition of the disk is a result of chemical processing during the collapse phase, or whether it is determined by in situ processing after the disk has formed. Methods: Our model combines a semi-analytical method to get 2D axisymmetric density and velocity structures with detailed radiative transfer calculations to get temperature profiles and UV fluxes. Material is followed in from the core to the disk and a full gas-phase chemistry network -- including freeze-out onto and evaporation from cold dust grains -- is evolved along these trajectories. The abundances thus obtained are compared to the results from a static disk model and to observations of comets. Results: The chemistry during the collapse phase is dominated by a few key processes, such as the evaporation of CO or the photodissociation of H2O. At the end of the collapse phase, the disk can be divided into zones with different chemical histories. The disk is not in chemical equilibrium at the end of the collapse, so care must be taken when choosing the initial abundances for stand-alone disk chemistry models. Our model results imply that comets must be formed from material with different chemical histories: some of it is strongly processed, some of it remains pristine. Variations between individual comets are possible if they formed at different positions or different times in the solar nebula.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 358, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00373", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0217", "text": "if any). ``(3) Off-highway business use defined.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `off-highway business use' has the meaning given to such term by section 6421(e)(2); except that such term shall not, for purposes of subsection (a)(1), include use in a diesel-powered train.'' (2) Repeal of reduced rate on ethanol fuel produced from natural gas.-- (A) Paragraph (1) of section 4041(m) of such Code is amended by striking ``or ethanol'' in the material preceding subparagraph (A). (B) Clause (i) of section 4041(m)(1)(A) of such Code is amended by striking ``shall be--'' and all that follows and inserting ``shall be 9.15 cents per gallon, and''. (C) Clause (ii) of section 4041(m)(1)(A) of such Code is amended by striking ``shall be--'' and all that follows and inserting ``shall be 2.15 cents per gallon, and''. (D) Paragraph (2) of section 4041(m) of such Code is amended-- (i) by striking ``or ethanol'' each place it appears in the heading and text, (ii) by striking ``, ethanol,'' and (iii) by inserting ``(other than ethanol)'' after ``alcohol''. (c) Tax of Fuel Alcohol To Same Extent as Other Motor Fuels.-- (1) Treatment as taxable fuel.--Paragraph (1) of section 4083(a) of such Code (defining taxable fuel) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the end the following: ``(D) fuel alcohol.'' (2) Definition of fuel alcohol.--Subsection (a) of section 4083 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(4) Fuel alcohol.--The term `fuel alcohol' means any alcohol (including ethanol and methanol)-- ``(A) which is produced other than from petroleum, natural gas, or coal (including peat), and ``(B) which is withdrawn from the distillery where produced free of tax under chapter 51 by reason of section 5181 or so much of section 5214(a)(1) as relates to fuel use.'' (3) Rate of", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00935", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0218", "text": "Long linear polymers in strongly disordered media are well described by self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on percolation clusters. The length-distribution of these SAWs encompasses to distinct averages, viz. the averages over cluster- and SAW-conformations. For the latter average, there are two basic options, one being static and one being kinetic. It is well known for static averaging that if the disorder of the underlying medium is weak, differences to the ordered case appear merely in non-universal quantities. Using dynamical field theory, we show that the same holds true for kinetic averaging. For strong disorder, i.e., the medium being close to the percolation point, we employ a field theory for the nonlinear random resistor network in conjunction with a real-world interpretation of Feynman diagrams, and we calculate the scaling exponents for the shortest, the longest and the mean or average SAW to 2-loop order. In addition, we calculate to 2-loop order the entire family of multifractal exponents that governs the moments of the the statistical weights of the elementary constituents (bonds or sites of the underlying fractal cluster) contributing to the SAWs. Our RG analysis reveals that kinetic averaging leads to renormalizability whereas static averaging does not, and hence, we argue that the latter does not lead to a well-defined scaling limit. We discuss the possible implications of this finding for experiments and numerical simulations which have produced wide-spread results for the exponent of the average SAW. To corroborate our results, we also study the well-known Meir-Harris model for SAWs on percolation clusters. We demonstrate that this model leads back to 2-loop order to the renormalizable real world formulation with kinetic averaging if the replica limit is consistently performed at the first possible instant of the calculation.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00389", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0219", "text": "Several authors have found a statistically significant excess of galaxies with higher redshifts relative to the group centre, so-called discordant redshifts, in particular in groups where the brightest galaxy, identified in apparent magnitudes, is a spiral. Our aim is to explain the observed redshift excess. We use a semi-analytical galaxy catalogue constructed from the Millennium Simulation to study redshift asymmetries in spiral-dominated groups in the Lambda cold dark matter (LambdaCDM) cosmology. We show that discordant redshifts in small galaxy groups arise when these groups are gravitationally unbound and the dominant galaxy of the group is misidentified. The redshift excess is especially significant when the apparently brightest galaxy can be identified as a spiral, in full agreement with observations. On the other hand, the groups that are gravitationally bound do not show a significant redshift asymmetry. When the dominant members of groups in mock catalogues are identified by using the absolute B-band magnitudes, our results show a small blueshift excess. This result is due to the magnitude limited observations that miss the faint background galaxies in groups. When the group centre is not correctly identified it may cause the major part of the observed redshift excess. If the group is also gravitationally unbound, the level of the redshift excess becomes as high as in observations. There is no need to introduce any \"anomalous\" redshift mechanism to explain the observed redshift excess. Further, as the Friends-of-Friends percolation algorithm picks out the expanding parts of groups, in addition to the gravitationally bound group cores, group catalogues constructed in this way cannot be used as if the groups are purely bound systems.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00100", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0220", "text": "An edge-coloring of a graph $G$ with colors $1,...,t$ is an interval $t$-coloring if all colors are used, and the colors of edges incident to each vertex of $G$ are distinct and form an interval of integers. A graph $G$ is interval colorable if $G$ has an interval $t$-coloring for some positive integer $t$. Let $\\mathfrak{N}$ be the set of all interval colorable graphs. For a graph $G\\in \\mathfrak{N}$, the least and the greatest values of $t$ for which $G$ has an interval $t$-coloring are denoted by $w(G)$ and $W(G)$, respectively. In this paper we first show that if $G$ is an $r$-regular graph and $G\\in \\mathfrak{N}$, then $W(G\\square P_{m})\\geq W(G)+W(P_{m})+(m-1)r$ ($m\\in \\mathbb{N}$) and $W(G\\square C_{2n})\\geq W(G)+W(C_{2n})+nr$ ($n\\geq 2$). Next, we investigate interval edge-colorings of grids, cylinders and tori. In particular, we prove that if $G\\square H$ is planar and both factors have at least 3 vertices, then $G\\square H\\in \\mathfrak{N}$ and $w(G\\square H)\\leq 6$. Finally, we confirm the first author's conjecture on the $n$-dimensional cube $Q_{n}$ and show that $Q_{n}$ has an interval $t$-coloring if and only if $n\\leq t\\leq \\frac{n(n+1)}{2}$.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 397, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00413", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0221", "text": "The effect of disorder on pinning and wetting models has attracted much attention in theoretical physics. In particular, it has been predicted on the basis of the Harris criterion that disorder is relevant (annealed and quenched model have different critical points and critical exponents) if the return probability exponent alpha, a positive number that characterizes the model, is larger than 1/2. Weak disorder has been predicted to be irrelevant (i.e. coinciding critical points and exponents) if alpha < 1/2. Recent mathematical work has put these predictions on firm grounds. In renormalization group terms, the case alpha = 1/2 is a 'marginal case' and there is no agreement in the literature as to whether one should expect disorder relevance or irrelevance at marginality. The question is particularly intriguing also because the case alpha = 1/2 includes the classical models of two-dimensional wetting of a rough substrate, of pinning of directed polymers on a defect line in dimension (3+1) or (1+1) and of pinning of an heteropolymer by a point potential in three-dimensional space. Here we prove disorder relevance both for the general alpha = 1/2 pinning model and for the hierarchical version of the model proposed by B. Derrida, V. Hakim and J. Vannimenus (JSP, 1992), in the sense that we prove a shift of the quenched critical point with respect to the annealed one. In both cases we work with Gaussian disorder and we show that the shift is at least of order exp(-1/\\beta^4) for beta small, if beta is the standard deviation of the disorder.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00095", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0222", "text": "iii) as clauses (iii) and (iv); and (3) by inserting after clause (i) the following new clause: ``(ii) The amount determined under this clause is-- ``(I) for discharges occurring during the first 3 12-month cost reporting periods that begin on or after April 1, 1990, the amount by which the hospital's target amount for the cost reporting period (as defined in subsection (b)(3)(D)) exceeds the amount determined under paragraph (1)(A)(iii); and ``(II) for discharges occurring during any subsequent cost reporting period (or portion thereof), 50 percent of the amount by which the hospital's target amount for the cost reporting period (as defined in subsection (b)(3)(D)) exceeds the amount determined under paragraph (1)(A)(iii).''. (b) Permitting Hospitals to Decline Reclassification.--If any hospital fails to qualify as a medicare-dependent, small rural hospital under section 1886(d)(5)(G)(i) of the Social Security Act as a result of a decision by the Medicare Geographic Classification Review Board under section 1886(d)(10) of such Act to reclassify the hospital as being located in an urban area for fiscal year 1994, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall-- (1) notify such hospital of such failure to qualify, (2) provide an opportunity for such hospital to decline such reclassification, and (3) if the hospital declines such reclassification, administer the Social Security Act (other than section 1886(d)(8)(D)) for fiscal year 1994 as if the decision by the Review Board had not occurred.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 345, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01052", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0223", "text": "Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry, we characterize the age of the stellar association in the vicinity of supernova (SN) 2011dh and use it to infer the zero-age main sequence mass (M_{ZAMS}) of the progenitor star. We find two distinct and significant star formation events with ages of <6 and 17^{+3}_{-4} Myrs, and the corresponding M_{ZAMS} are >29 and 13^{+2}_{-1} M_{Sun}, respectively. These two bursts represent 18^{+4}_{-9}% (young) and 64^{+10}_{-14}% (old) of the total star formation in the last 50 Myrs. Adopting these fractions as probabilities suggests that the most probable M_{ZAMS} is 13^{+2}_{-1} M_{Sun}. These results are most sensitive to the luminosity function along the well-understood main sequence and are less sensitive to uncertain late-stage stellar evolution. Therefore, they stand even if the progenitor suffered disruptive post-main-sequence evolution (e.g. eruptive mass loss or binary Roche-lobe overflow). Progenitor identification will help to further constrain the appropriate population. Even though pre-explosion images show a yellow supergiant (YSG) at the site of the SN, panchromatic SN light curves suggest a more compact star as the progenitor. In spite of this, our results suggest an association between the YSG and the SN. Not only was the star located at the SN site, but reinforcing an association, the star's bolometric luminosity is consistent with the final evolutionary stage of the 17 Myr old star burst. If the YSG disappears, then M_{ZAMS}=13^{+2}_{-1} M_{Sun}, but if it persists, then our results allow the possibility that the progenitor was an unseen star of >29 M_{Sun}.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 402, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00365", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0224", "text": ") shall apply; and (B) specifying the products and services otherwise subject to the tax or taxes identified by the State under subparagraph (A) to which the authority of this Act shall not apply; and (2) implements each of the following minimum simplification requirements: (A) Provide-- (i) a single entity within the State responsible for all State and local sales and use tax administration, return processing, and audits for remote sales sourced to the State; (ii) a single audit of a remote seller for all State and local taxing jurisdictions within that State; and (iii) a single sales and use tax return to be used by remote sellers to be filed with the single entity responsible for tax administration. A State may not require a remote seller to file sales and use tax returns any more frequently than returns are required for nonremote sellers. No local jurisdiction may require a remote seller to submit a sales and use tax return or to collect sales and use taxes other than as provided by this paragraph. (B) Provide a uniform sales and use tax base among the State and the local taxing jurisdictions within the State pursuant to paragraph (1). (C) Source all interstate sales in compliance with the sourcing definition set forth in section 4(7). (D) Provide-- (i) information indicating the taxability of products and services along with any product and service exemptions from sales and use tax in the State and a rates and boundary database; (ii) software free of charge for remote sellers that calculates sales and use taxes due on each transaction at the time the transaction is completed, that files sales and use tax returns, and that is updated to reflect rate changes as described in subparagraph (H); and (iii) certification procedures for persons to be approved as certified software providers. For purposes of clause (iii), the software provided by certified software providers shall be capable of calculating and filing sales and use taxes in all States qualified under this Act. (E) Relieve remote sellers from liability to the State or locality for the incorrect collection, remittance, or noncollection of sales and use taxes, including any penalties or interest, if the liability is the result of an error or omission made by a certified software provider. (F) Relieve certified software providers from liability to the State or locality for the incorrect collection, remittance, or noncollection of sales and use taxes, including any penalties or interest, if the liability is the result of misleading or inaccurate information provided by a remote seller.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00840", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0225", "text": "The annihilation cross section of thermal relic dark matter determines both its relic density and indirect detection signals. We determine how large indirect signals may be in scenarios with Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation, subject to the constraint that the dark matter has the correct relic density. This work refines our previous analysis through detailed treatments of resonant Sommerfeld enhancement and the effect of Sommerfeld enhancement on freeze out. Sommerfeld enhancements raise many interesting issues in the freeze out calculation, and we find that the cutoff of resonant enhancement, the equilibration of force carriers, the temperature of kinetic decoupling, and the efficiency of self-interactions for preserving thermal velocity distributions all play a role. These effects may have striking consequences; for example, for resonantly-enhanced Sommerfeld annihilation, dark matter freezes out but may then chemically recouple, implying highly suppressed indirect signals, in contrast to naive expectations. In the minimal scenario with standard astrophysical assumptions, and tuning all parameters to maximize the signal, we find that, for force-carrier mass m_phi = 250 MeV and dark matter masses m_X = 0.1, 0.3, and 1 TeV, the maximal Sommerfeld enhancement factors are S_eff = 7, 30, and 90, respectively. Such boosts are too small to explain both the PAMELA and Fermi excesses. Non-minimal models may require smaller boosts, but the bounds on S_eff could also be more stringent, and dedicated freeze out analyses are required. For concreteness, we focus on 4 mu final states, but we also discuss 4 e and other modes, deviations from standard astrophysical assumptions and non-minimal particle physics models, and we outline the steps required to determine if such considerations may lead to a self-consistent explanation of the PAMELA or Fermi excesses.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 378, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00232", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0226", "text": "The gravitational lens system CLASS B2108+213 has two radio-loud lensed images separated by 4.56 arcsec. The relatively large image separation implies that the lensing is caused by a group of galaxies. In this paper, new optical imaging and spectroscopic data for the lensing galaxies of B2108+213 and the surrounding field galaxies are presented. These data are used to investigate the mass and composition of the lensing structure. The redshift and stellar velocity dispersion of the main lensing galaxy (G1) are found to be z = 0.3648 +/- 0.0002 and sigma_v = 325 +/- 25 km/s, respectively. The optical spectrum of the lensed quasar shows no obvious emission or absorption features and is consistent with a BL Lac type radio source. However, the tentative detection of the G-band and Mg-b absorption lines, and a break in the spectrum of the host galaxy of the lensed quasar gives a likely source redshift of z = 0.67. Spectroscopy of the field around B2108+213 finds 51 galaxies at a similar redshift to G1, thus confirming that there is a much larger structure at z ~ 0.365 associated with this system. The width of the group velocity distribution is 694 +/- 93 km/s, but is non-Gaussian, implying that the structure is not yet viralized. The main lensing galaxy is also the brightest group member and has a surface brightness profile consistent with a typical cD galaxy. A lensing and dynamics analysis of the mass distribution, which also includes the newly found group members, finds that the logarithmic slope of the mass density profile is on average isothermal inside the Einstein radius, but steeper at the location of the Einstein radius. This apparent change in slope can be accounted for if an external convergence gradient, representing the underlying parent halo of the galaxy group, is included in the mass model.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 398, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00166", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0227", "text": "Unless otherwise authorized by the head of the agency for urgent and compelling reasons, the solicitation shall not be issued until the determination under subparagraph (D) has been made by such agency head and submitted to the Administrator.''. (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 15(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(a)) is amended by striking the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth sentences. (c) Responsibilities of Agency Small Business Advocates.--Section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)) is amended-- (1) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9) as paragraphs (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10), respectively; and (2) by adding after paragraph (4) the following new paragraph (5): ``(5) identify and report on proposed solicitations that represent bundling of contract requirements, and work with the agency acquisition officials and the Administration to revise the procurement strategies for such proposed solicitations to increase the probability of participation by small businesses as prime contractors, or to facilitate small business participation as subcontractors and suppliers, if a solicitation for a bundled contract is to be issued,''. SEC. 5. FOSTERING CONTRACTOR TEAMING. Section 15(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(b)), as amended by section 2, is further amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(3)(A) A small business concern intending to submit an offer for an anticipated bundled contract may propose to the Administration for approval a team of subcontractors meeting the requirements of subparagraph (B) without regard to the requirements of subsection (o) or the regulations of the Administration regarding findings of affiliation or control, either direct or indirect. ``(B) A subcontracting team proposed under subparagraph (A) may include-- ``(i) other small business concerns; and ``(ii) business concerns other than small business concerns, whose aggregate participation may not represent more than 25 percent of the anticipated total value of the contract. ``(C) Any subcontracting team proposed under subparagraph (A) and approved by the Administrator shall be subject to such alternative requirements regarding subcontracting and affiliation or control as may be specified by the Administrator.''. SEC. 6. REPORTING OF BUNDLED CONTRACT OPPORTUNITIES. (a) Data Collection Required.--The", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01021", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0228", "text": "We investigate a trapped surface and naked singularity in a $D$-dimensional Vaidya spacetime with a self-similar mass function. A trapped surface is defined as a closed spacelike $(D-2)$-surface which has negative both null expansions. There is no trapped surface in the Minkowski spacetime. However, in a four-dimensional self-similar Vaidya spacetime, Bengtsson and Senovilla considered non-spherical trapped surfaces and showed that a trapped surface can penetrate into a flat region, if and only if the mass function rises fast enough [I. Bengtsson and J. M. M. Senovilla, Phys. Rev. D \\textbf{79}, 024027 (2009).]. We apply this result to a $D$-dimensional spacetime motivated by the context of large extra dimensions or TeV-scale gravity. In this paper, similarly to Bengtsson and Senovilla's study, we match four types of $(D-2)$-surfaces and show that a trapped surface extended into the flat region can be constructed in the $D$-dimensional Vaidya spacetime, if the increasing rate of the mass function is greater than 0.4628. Moreover, we show that the maximum radius of the trapped surface constructed here approaches the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini radius in the large $D$ limit. Also, we show that there is no naked singularity, if the spacetime has the trapped surface constructed here.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 313, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00369", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0229", "text": "if the United States were a private person, to legal process brought for the satisfaction of a debt owed to another party. ``(c)(1) Service of legal process under this section may be accomplished by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, or by personal service, upon-- ``(A) the appropriate agent designated for receipt of such service of process pursuant to regulations issued under this section; or ``(B) if no agent has been designated for the agency having payment responsibility for the moneys involved, then upon the head of such agency. ``(2) Such legal process shall be accompanied by sufficient information to permit prompt identification of the individual and the moneys involved. ``(d) No employee whose duties include responding to interrogatories pursuant to requirements imposed by this section shall be subject under any law to any disciplinary action or civil or criminal liability or penalty for, or on account of, any disclosure of information made by such employee with the carrying out of any of such employee's duties which pertain (directly or indirectly) to the answering of any such interrogatory. ``(e) Whenever any person, who is designated by law or regulation to accept service of process to which an agency is subject under this section, is effectively served with any such process or with interrogatories relating to an individual's obligation in connection with a particular debt, such person shall respond thereto within 30 days (or within such longer period as may be prescribed by applicable State law) after the date effective service thereof is made, and shall, as soon as possible but not later than 15 days after the date effective service is made, send written notice that such process has been so served (together with a copy thereof) to the affected employee at such employee's duty station or last-known home address. ``(f) Agencies affected by legal process under this section shall not be required to vary their normal pay and disbursement cycles in order to comply with any such legal process. ``(g) Neither the United States, an agency, nor any disbursing officer shall be liable with respect to any payment made from moneys due or payable from the United States to any individual pursuant to legal process regular on its face, if such payment is made in accordance with this section and the regulations prescribed to carry out this section. ``(h)(1) In the event that an agency, which is authorized under this section or the regulations prescribed to carry out this section to accept service of process, is served with more than", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01042", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0230", "text": "Huawei may not be a big player here in the United States, but it's slowly easing itself in. The Mate 9 is the first flagship device that the Chinese OEM is officially selling here under the Huawei moniker, and it's not a bad introduction. In our Mate 9 review, we found that the Mate 9 was a solid device, and its MSRP of $599.99 was reasonable. At just $379.99 for a refurbished unit, this phablet is a downright steal. The Mate 9 is quite the powerhouse. Aside from the lower-resolution 5.9\" 1080p display, the rest of the specs are top-notch. Those include a Kirin 960 octa-core chip, 4GB of RAM, 64GB of storage with microSD expansion, dual 12MP RGB and 20MP monochrome sensors out back, an 8MP camera up front, and a massive 4000mAh battery. Android 7.0 Nougat with EMUI 5.0 comes on board, and this iteration of EMUI is a big improvement. Best Buy has refurbished units of the Mate 9 for just $379.99 - that's $220 less than the MSRP, which was already fairly competitive. Two-day shipping is free, but if you're just too impatient, you can opt for store pickup. There was actually a Best Buy via eBay listing as well, but that's since sold out. So if you want one, be warned: they look to be going quick.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00766", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0231", "text": "We use Halpha and FUV GALEX data for a large sample of nearby objects to study the high mass star formation activity of normal late-type galaxies. The data are corrected for dust attenuation using the most accurate techniques at present available, namely the Balmer decrement and the total far-infrared to FUV flux ratio. The sample shows a highly dispersed distribution in the Halpha to FUV flux ratio indicating that two of the most commonly used star formation tracers give star formation rates with uncertainties up to a factor of 2-3. The high dispersion is due to the presence of AGN, where the UV and the Halpha emission can be contaminated by nuclear activity, highly inclined galaxies, for which the applied extinction corrections are probably inaccurate, or starburst galaxies, where the stationarity in the star formation history required for transforming Halpha and UV luminosities into star formation rates is not satisfied. Excluding these objects we reach an uncertainty of ~50% on the SFR. The Halpha to FUV flux ratio increases with their total stellar mass. If limited to normal star forming galaxies, however, this relationship reduces to a weak trend that might be totally removed using different extinction correction recipes. In these objects the Halpha to FUV flux ratio seems also barely related with the FUV-H colour, the H band effective surface brightness, the total star formation activity and the gas fraction. The data are consistent with a Kroupa and Salpeter initial mass function in the high mass stellar range and imply, for a Salpeter IMF, that the variations of the slope cannot exceed 0.25, from g=2.35 for massive galaxies to g=2.60 in low luminosity systems. We show however that these observed trends, if real, can be due to the different micro history of star formation in massive galaxies with respect to dwarf.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 377, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00170", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0232", "text": "such term in section 3 of the Torture Victims Relief Act of 1995.''. (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--(1) Of the total amount authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for fiscal year 1995, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President such sums as may be necessary to carry out section 129 of that Act. (2) Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended. (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on October 1, 1995. SEC. 10. MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE. (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 301 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to international organizations and programs), there are authorized to be appropriated to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture (in this section referred to as the ``Fund'') the following amounts for the following fiscal years: (1) For fiscal year 1996, $1,500,000. (2) For fiscal year 1997, $3,000,000. (b) Availability of Funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) are authorized to remain available until expended. (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that the President, acting through the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations, should-- (1) request the Fund-- (A) to find new ways to support and protect treatment centers that are carrying out rehabilitative services for victims of torture; and (B) to encourage the development of new such centers; (2) use the voice and vote of the United States to support the work of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and the Committee Against Torture established under the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; and (3) use the voice and vote of the United States to establish a country rapporteur or similar procedural mechanism to investigate human rights violations in a country if either the Special Rapporteur or the Committee Against Torture indicates that a systematic practice of torture is prevalent in that country.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 469, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00889", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0233", "text": "if the State has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session is deemed to be a separate regular session of the State legislature. SEC. 4. GRANTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CENTRALIZED ELECTRONIC SYSTEM TO EXPEDITE THE INTERSTATE PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE OR GUARDIANSHIP, OR FOR ADOPTION. (a) In General.--Section 437 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 637) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(g) Grants for the Development of a Centralized Electronic System To Expedite the Interstate Placement of Children in Foster Care or Guardianship, or for Adoption.-- ``(1) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to facilitate the development of a centralized electronic system for the exchange of data and documents to expedite the placements of children in foster, guardianship, or adoptive homes across State lines. ``(2) Application requirements.--A State that desires a grant under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an application containing the following: ``(A) A description of the goals and outcomes to be achieved during the period for which grant funds are sought, which goals and outcomes must result in-- ``(i) reducing the time it takes for a child to be provided with a safe and appropriate permanent living arrangement across State lines; ``(ii) improving administrative processes and reducing costs in the foster care system; and ``(iii) the secure exchange of relevant case files and other necessary materials in real time, and timely communications and placement decisions regarding interstate placements of children. ``(B) A description of the activities to be funded in whole or in part with the grant funds, including the sequencing of the activities. ``(C) A description of the strategies for integrating programs and services for children who are placed across State lines. ``(D) Such other information as the Secretary may require. ``(3) Grant authority.--The Secretary may make a grant to a State that complies with paragraph (2). ``(4) Use of funds.--A State to which a grant is made under this subsection shall use the grant for the development of the centralized electronic system described in paragraph (1). ``(5) Evaluations.--Not later than 1 year after the final year in which grants are awarded under this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress, and make available to the general public by posting on a website, that contains the following information: ``(A) How using the centralized", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00835", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0234", "text": "We give a quantitative analysis of the previously published nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in the k-(ET)2X family of organic charge transfer salts by using the phenomenological spin fluctuation model of Moriya, and Millis, Monien and Pines (M-MMP). For temperatures above T_nmr ~ 50 K, the model gives a good quantitative description of the data in the metallic phases of several k-(ET)2X materials. These materials display antiferromagnetic correlation lengths which increase with decreasing temperature and grow to several lattice constants by T_nmr. It is shown that the fact that the dimensionless Korringa ratio is much larger than unity is inconsistent with a broad class of theoretical models (such as dynamical mean-field theory) which neglects spatial correlations and/or vertex corrections. For materials close to the Mott insulating phase the nuclear spin relaxation rate, the Knight shift and the Korringa ratio all decrease significantly with decreasing temperature below T_nmr. This cannot be described by the M-MMP model and the most natural explanation is that a pseudogap, similar to that observed in the underdoped cuprate superconductors, opens up in the density of states below T_nmr. Such a pseudogap has recently been predicted to occur in the dimerised organic charge transfer salts materials by the resonating valence bond (RVB) theory. We propose specific new experiments on organic superconductors to elucidate these issues. For example, measurements to see if high magnetic fields or high pressures can be used to close the pseudogap would be extremely valuable.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00007", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0235", "text": ") of such Code is amended by striking ``section,'' and inserting ``section and section 444A''. (c) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part I of subchapter E of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 444 the following new item: ``Sec. 444A. Qualified small businesses election of taxable year ending in a month from April to November.''. (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 8. INCREASE IN MAXIMUM NUMBER OF S CORPORATION SHAREHOLDERS. (a) In General.--Subparagraph (A) of section 1361(b)(1) is amended by striking ``100'' and inserting ``150''. (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 9. GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS WITH SMALL BUSINESSES NOT SUBJECT TO TAX WITHHOLDING. (a) In General.--Paragraph (2) of section 3402(t) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (H), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (I) and inserting ``, and'', and by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: ``(J) to any specified small business.''. (b) Specified Small Business.--Subsection (t) of section 3402 is amended by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4) and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph: ``(3) Specified small business.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `specified small business' means a corporation or partnership which meets the gross receipts test of section 448(c) for the taxable year prior to the taxable year in which the payment is received (or, in the case of a sole proprietorship, which would meet such test if such proprietorship were a corporation).''. (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect as if included in section 511 of the Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 451, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00964", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0236", "text": "The term `product' means-- ``(aa) any good that is manufactured or sold by an affiliate of the entity; and ``(bb) any service that is provided by an affiliate of the entity. ``(III) Distribution entity.--The term `distribution entity' means a person whose primary business is the sale, lease or servicing of a product that is manufactured by the entity or its affiliates. ``(IV) Affiliate.--The term `affiliate' means, with respect to an entity-- ``(aa) a person that reports information or prepares financial statements on a consolidated basis with the entity, or for which a parent company reports information or prepares financial statements on a consolidated basis for the person and the entity; or ``(bb) a person of which the entity or the parent of the entity holds 50 percent or more of the equity interests. ``(V) Person.--The term `person' means an individual, partnership, corporation (including a business trust), limited liability company, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated association, joint venture or other entity, or a government or any political subdivision or agency thereof.''. (b) Exclusion From Swap Clearing Requirement.--Section 2(h)(7)(C)(iii) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2(h)(7)(C)(iii)) is amended to read as follows: ``(iii) Exclusion of certain captive finance entities.--Such term shall not include an entity excluded from the definition of major swap participant by reason of section 1a(33)(D).''. SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE. The amendments made by this Act shall take effect as if they had been included in subtitle A of title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 353, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00892", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0237", "text": "In this paper, we study the complexity of computing the determinant of a matrix over a non-commutative algebra. In particular, we ask the question, \"over which algebras, is the determinant easier to compute than the permanent?\" Towards resolving this question, we show the following hardness and easiness of noncommutative determinant computation. * [Hardness] Computing the determinant of an n \\times n matrix whose entries are themselves 2 \\times 2 matrices over a field is as hard as computing the permanent over the field. This extends the recent result of Arvind and Srinivasan, who proved a similar result which however required the entries to be of linear dimension. * [Easiness] Determinant of an n \\times n matrix whose entries are themselves d \\times d upper triangular matrices can be computed in poly(n^d) time. Combining the above with the decomposition theorem of finite dimensional algebras (in particular exploiting the simple structure of 2 \\times 2 matrix algebras), we can extend the above hardness and easiness statements to more general algebras as follows. Let A be a finite dimensional algebra over a finite field with radical R(A). * [Hardness] If the quotient A/R(A) is non-commutative, then computing the determinant over the algebra A is as hard as computing the permanent. * [Easiness] If the quotient A/R(A) is commutative and furthermore, R(A) has nilpotency index d (i.e., the smallest d such that R(A)d = 0), then there exists a poly(n^d)-time algorithm that computes determinants over the algebra A. In particular, for any constant dimensional algebra A over a finite field, since the nilpotency index of R(A) is at most a constant, we have the following dichotomy theorem: if A/R(A) is commutative, then efficient determinant computation is feasible and otherwise determinant is as hard as permanent.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 407, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00300", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0238", "text": "Parliament has approved the Customs Amendment Bill 2017 that will allow for the removal of import duty on vehicular spare parts. The bill was passed after a protracted debate, with the minority insisting the bill is unconstitutional and a breach of the ECOWAS treaty. They also questioned why government did not remove all duties on spare parts as promised in the 2017 budget statement. Deputy Minority Leader James Avedzi said the move will only benefit spare part importers and not the ordinary Ghanaian. “The government must ensure that you are reducing the duty on the parts. As the importers enjoy the reduction in duties they must reduce the prices of the parts but there is no mechanism to ensure that. “They will go and get the reduction, enrich their pockets but they will not reduce the prices of the parts,” he said. He added if the buyers will not benefit from the reduction, then there is no point in implementing the policy. The protest by the Minority follows a major policy announcement by the government to reduce taxes and duties it described as nuisance. As part of the 2017 budget statement that was read on the floor, the Finance Minister Ken Ofori Atta announced that import duties had been removed on spare parts a major policy decision which got spare parts dealers at Abossey Okai in Accra and other parts of the country jubilating. Despite passing the budget, there was the need to amend the country’s laws to allow for the import duties on the spare parts to be removed. With the law amended and the duties removed it is yet to be seen if the prices of spare parts will reduce.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 328, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00646", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0239", "text": "Finite State Machine (FSM) model is widely used in the construction of binary convolutional codes. If Z_2={0,1} is the binary mod-2 addition group and (Z_2)^n is the n-times direct product of Z_2, then a binary convolutional encoder, with rate (k/n)< 1 and memory m, is a FSM with (Z_2)^k as inputs group, (Z_2)^n as outputs group and (Z_2)^m as states group. The next state mapping nu:[(Z_2)^k x (Z_2)^m] --> (Z_2)^m is a surjective group homomorphism. The encoding mapping omega:[(Z_2)^k x (Z_2)^m] --> (Z_2)^n is a homomorphism adequately restricted by the trellis graph produced by nu. The binary convolutional code is the family of bi-infinite sequences produced by the binary convolutional encoder. Thus, a convolutional code can be considered as a dynamical system and it is known that well behaved dynamical systems must be necessarily controllable. The generalization of binary convolutional encoders over arbitrary finite groups is made by using the extension of groups, instead of direct product. In this way, given finite groups U,S and Y, a wide-sense homomorphic encoder (WSHE) is a FSM with U as inputs group, S as states group, and Y as outputs group. By denoting (U x S) as the extension of U by S, the next state homomorphism nu:(U x S) --> S needs to be surjective and the encoding homomorphism omega:(U x S) --> Y has restrictions given by the trellis graph produced by nu. The code produced by a WSHE is known as group code. In this work we will study the case when the extension (U x S) is abelian with U being Z_p, p a positive prime number. We will show that this class of WSHEs will produce controllable codes only if the states group S is isomorphic with (Z_p)^j, for some positive integer j.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 451, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00485", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0240", "text": "We show that Pyragas delayed feedback control can stabilize an unstable periodic orbit (UPO) that arises from a generic subcritical Hopf bifurcation of a stable equilibrium in an n-dimensional dynamical system. This extends results of Fiedler et al. [PRL 98, 114101 (2007)], who demonstrated that such feedback control can stabilize the UPO associated with a two-dimensional subcritical Hopf normal form. Pyragas feedback requires an appropriate choice of a feedback gain matrix for stabilization, as well as knowledge of the period of the targeted UPO. We apply feedback in the directions tangent to the two-dimensional center manifold. We parameterize the feedback gain by a modulus and a phase angle, and give explicit formulae for choosing these two parameters given the period of the UPO in a neighborhood of the bifurcation point. We show, first heuristically, and then rigorously by a center manifold reduction for delay differential equations, that the stabilization mechanism involves a highly degenerate Hopf bifurcation problem that is induced by the time-delayed feedback. When the feedback gain modulus reaches a threshold for stabilization, both of the genericity assumptions associated with a two-dimensional Hopf bifurcation are violated: the eigenvalues of the linearized problem do not cross the imaginary axis as the bifurcation parameter is varied, and the real part of the cubic coefficient of the normal form vanishes. Our analysis of this degenerate bifurcation problem reveals two qualitatively distinct cases when unfolded in a two-parameter plane. In each case, Pyragas-type feedback successfully stabilizes the branch of small-amplitude UPOs in a neighborhood of the original bifurcation point, provided that the phase angle satisfies a certain restriction.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 355, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00238", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0241", "text": "Locating the centers of dark matter halos is critical for understanding the mass profiles of halos as well as the formation and evolution of the massive galaxies that they host. The task is observationally challenging because we cannot observe halos directly, and tracers such as bright galaxies or X-ray emission from hot plasma are imperfect. In this paper we quantify the consequences of miscentering on the weak lensing signal from a sample of 129 X-ray selected galaxy groups in the COSMOS field with redshifts 0<z<1 and halo masses in the range 10^13 - 10^14 M_sun. By measuring the stacked lensing signal around eight different candidate centers (such as the brightest member galaxy, the mean position of all member galaxies, or the X-ray centroid), we determine which candidates best trace the center of mass in halos. In this sample of groups, we find that massive galaxies near the X-ray centroids trace the center of mass to <~75 kpc, while the X-ray position and centroids based on the mean position of member galaxies have larger offsets primarily due to the statistical uncertainties in their positions (typically ~50-150 kpc). Approximately 30% of groups in our sample have ambiguous centers with multiple bright or massive galaxies, and these groups show disturbed mass profiles that are not well fit by standard models, suggesting that they are merging systems. We find that halo mass estimates from stacked weak lensing can be biased low by 5-30% if inaccurate centers are used and the issue of miscentering is not addressed.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00455", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0242", "text": "if in the best interests of an Indian child, as part of an adoption decree of that Indian child, an agreement that states that a birth parent, an extended family member, or the tribe of the Indian child shall have an enforceable right of visitation or continued contact with the Indian child after the entry of a final decree of adoption; and ``(2) the failure to comply with any provision of a court order concerning the continued visitation or contact referred to in paragraph (1) shall not be considered to be grounds for setting aside a final decree of adoption.''. SEC. 9. PLACEMENT OF INDIAN CHILDREN. Section 105(c) of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1915(c)) is amended-- (1) in the second sentence-- (A) by striking ``Indian child or parent'' and inserting ``parent or Indian child''; and (B) by striking the colon after ``considered'' and inserting a period; (2) by striking ``Provided, That where'' and inserting: ``In any case in which''; and (3) by inserting after the second sentence the following: ``In any case in which a court determines that it is appropriate to consider the preference of a parent or Indian child, for purposes of subsection (a), that preference may be considered to constitute good cause.''. SEC. 10. FRAUDULENT REPRESENTATION. Title I of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1911 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 114. FRAUDULENT REPRESENTATION. ``(a) In General.--With respect to any proceeding subject to this Act involving an Indian child or a child who may be considered to be an Indian child for purposes of this Act, a person, other than a birth parent of the child, shall, upon conviction, be subject to a criminal sanction under subsection (b) if that person knowingly and willfully-- ``(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device, a material fact concerning whether, for purposes of this Act-- ``(A) a child is an Indian child; or ``(B) a parent is an Indian; ``(2)(A) makes any false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement, omission, or representation; or ``(B) falsifies a written document knowing that the document", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_01045", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0243", "text": "If you're reading Android Police, the HTC U11 is probably not a phone you're going to buy. I say this not because the U11 is bad (it's not - it's good), but because it's statistically likely: last year's HTC flagship, the 10, makes up around 0.38% of Android Police's mobile device traffic year to date, sitting in position number 37 on our most-popular devices list, right below the T-Mobile Galaxy Note 5 (yes, really). While the 10 was a marked improvement over the rather not-so-great One M9, there's no denying that even among phone enthusiasts HTC has rapidly seen its market and mind share decline. Once the most dominant Android manufacturer, and the first hardware partner for the platform, HTC has fallen by the wayside in recent years, and nothing they do seems to right the ship. The U11 will not be this company's savior. It is available on a single carrier in the US (arguably the worst one) and can also be purchased on HTC's website for $649. As such, HTC will not sell many of these phones in America, and I doubt they'll sell many globally, either. There's no money in the coffers for a massive ad campaign, no exceptional value being offered over competing handsets, and nothing really technically special about the U11. It is a high-end Android smartphone that does basically what most other high-end Android phones do. It does some things better, some worse, and some about the same. This means the U11 is a good phone. A very good one, even. I'd say it can legitimately compete with the Galaxy S8, LG G6, and Google Pixel in a number of ways. Sure, it doesn't really look the part in 2017 compared to the S8 and G6 with their tiny bezels, but functionally the U11 feels like a high-end smartphone. The battery life is good, it has lots of storage, the camera takes great photos, and performance is satisfactory. There's not a bunch of bloatware, and HTC doesn't mess with Android in obnoxious ways. The U11 also isn't perfect, and I do have some gripes to discuss. The capacitive keys feel so old-school now, the screen has awful light bleed, and the phone is an absolute fingerprint magnet. So, it's too bad most people will never hear about", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00771", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0244", "text": "Why it matters to you Antibiotic resistance is a huge problem in hospitals. By targeting specific bacteria -- instead of all of them -- this CRISPR pill may eliminate antibiotic resistance. Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison want to stamp out antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Their weapons of choice are deception and a powerful gene-editing tool called CRISPR. CRISPR has been making waves over the past few years, leading to what some are calling the “CRISPR Revolution,” impacting industries from healthcare to agriculture. Initially borrowed from bacteria, which use CRISPR as an immune defense against viruses, the gene-editing tool works by recording snippets of the attacker’s DNA, so that the bacteria can recognize and eliminate future invaders. In his lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Jan-Peter Van Pijkeren hopes to use CRISPR to deceive a nasty germ called Clostridium difficile. It may sound unfamiliar to most people but it’s nonetheless a risk to hospital patients. Studies have shown C. difficile to be the cause of almost half a million infections and 15,000 deaths in the United States, topping the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s list of drug-resistant threats. Van Pijkeren’s plan is to develop a virus that can carry a customized CRISPR message into the human body by packaging it into a swallowable probiotic pill. When the pill passes into a person’s intestinal tract, the virus would exit and infect any C. difficile in the area, delivering a false message that causes the bacteria to self-destruct. Though the pill hasn’t yet been tested in animals, previous studies have shown that similar methods work, reports MIT Technology Review. Sweeping antibiotic use — which kills off both good and bad bacteria — sets the stage for drug-resistant bacteria. As such, C. difficile will be a persistent problem, according to Herbert DuPont, director of the Center for Infectious Diseases at the University of Texas. “As long as we house patients together in a hospital or in a nursing home and we give a lot of them antibiotics we’re going to have a problem with C. difficile,” he told Technology Review. Research into other methods to eliminate harmful bacteria are desired, even if it may take years before they replace today’s antibiotics.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 464, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00711", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0245", "text": "TAIPEI: Chinese military aircraft conducted a third day of training near Taiwan on Monday after doing close flybys of the island over the weekend, Taiwan’s Ministry of Defense said. Two Chinese military transport aircraft flew through the Bashi Channel that separates Taiwan from the Philippines, then took different courses before returning to base, the ministry said. China has been increasingly asserting itself in territorial disputes in the South and East China Seas. It is also worried about Taiwan, which it claims as its own, but which is run by a government China fears is intent on independence. Taiwan’s military closely monitored the Chinese aircraft and the situation was under control, the ministry said. “Our military has monitored the movements of the Chinese aircraft from the beginning to the end and were prepared for any contingency based on our rules of engagement,” it said in a statement. After the two aircraft flew through the Bashi Channel, one took a northeasterly direction and passed over waters near Japan’s Miyako island to Taiwan’s north before returning to its base, the ministry said. The other flew in a southeasterly direction before it too returned to base the way it had come. China’s defense ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the past three days of drills. China conducted air exercises near Taiwan over the weekend , the latest in a series of such exercises near Taiwan and Japan in the past several weeks. China considers self-ruled Taiwan to be a renegade province, and has never ruled out the option to regain control of the island by force if necessary.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00789", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0246", "text": "(Abridged) We study the predictions of various annihilating Dark Matter (DM) models in order to interpret the origin of non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters. We consider three neutralino DM models with light (9 GeV), intermediate (60 GeV) and high (500 GeV) mass. The secondary particles created by neutralino annihilation produce a multi-frequency Spectral Energy Distribution (SED), as well as heating of the intracluster gas, that are tested against the observations available for the Coma cluster. The DM produced SEDs are normalized to the Coma radio halo spectrum. We find that it is not possible to interpret all non-thermal phenomena observed in Coma in terms of DM annihilation. The DM model with 9 GeV mass produces too small power at all frequencies, while the DM model with 500 GeV produces a large excess power at all frequencies. The DM model with 60 GeV and $\\tau^{\\pm}$ composition is consistent with the HXR and gamma-ray data but fails to reproduce the EUV and soft X-ray data. The DM model with 60 GeV and $b{\\bar b}$ composition is always below the observed fluxes. The radio halo spectrum of Coma is well fitted only in the $b{\\bar b}$ or light and intermediate mass DM models. The heating produced by DM annihilation in the center of Coma is always larger than the intracluster gas cooling rate for an NFW DM density profile and it is substantially smaller than the cooling rate only for a cored DM density profile in DM model with 9 GeV. We conclude that the possibility of interpreting the origin of non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters with DM annihilation models requires a low neutralino mass and a cored DM density profile. If we then consider the multimessenger constraints to the neutralino annihilation cross-section, it turns out that such scenario would also be excluded unless we introduce a substantial boost factor due to the presence of DM substructures.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 406, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00214", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0247", "text": "if one has specular higlights in the background, the lens does a great job in rendering those beautifully. Going through images, I did not notice any images with distracting bokeh. Since Nikon did not utilize any aspherical elements as part of the lens design, you do not have to worry about seeing ugly onion-shaped highlights in images. 11) Vignetting The Nikon 200-500mm VR handles vignetting really well, pushing at most close to 1.7 EV in the extreme corners at 500mm when focused at infinity: As you can see, vignetting is practically non-existent at short focal lengths. Only when pushed beyond 300mm, do we start seeing darkening of edges and only at infinity. 12) Ghosting and Flare Ghosting and flare is something to watch out for, since super telephoto lenses generally cannot handle it well due to long focal lengths. There is a reason why the Nikon 200-500mm VR comes with a long hood – keep it mounted on the front of the lens at all times and avoid shooting against bright sources of light. 13) Distortion Distortion is generally a non-issue with most telephoto lenses as well and as we can see from the graph below, the Nikon 200-500mm VR only exhibits a slight amount of barrel distortion that you will never see in images: 14) Chromatic Aberration What about lateral chromatic aberration levels? Let’s take a look: As you can see, chromatic aberration levels are fairly low at 200mm and 300mm, but start to get worse towards 400mm. At 500mm, lateral chromatic aberration reaches 2.29 pixels at f/5.6, which is rather high. 15) Nikon 200-500mm f/5.6E VR vs Tamron 150-600mm f/5-6.3 VC How does the Nikon 200-500mm f/5.6E VR optically compare to the Tamron 150-600mm f/5-6.3 VC? Let’s take a look at the two at 500mm: It is pretty clear that the Nikon 200-500mm VR outperforms the Tamron 150-600mm VC at 500mm in the center. Where the Nikon suffers a bit in comparison is the corners, particularly when stopped down. Here, the Tamron seems to be a", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00609", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0248", "text": "The modular variety of non singular and complete hyperelliptic curves with level-two structure of genus 3 is a 5-dimensional quasi projective variety which admits several standard compactifications. The first one, X, comes from the realization of this variety as a sub-variety of the Siegel modular variety of level two and genus three .We will be to describe the equations of X in a suitable projective embedding and its Hilbert function. It will turn out that X is normal. A further model comes from geometric invariant theory using so-called semistable degenerated point configurations in (P^1)^8 . We denote this GIT-compactification by Y. The equations of this variety in a suitable projective embedding are known. This variety also can by identified with a Baily-Borel compactified ball-quotient. We will describe these results in some detail and obtain new proofs including some finer results for them. We have a birational map between Y and X . In this paper we use the fact that there are graded algebras (closely related to algebras of modular forms) A,B such that X=proj(A) and Y=proj(B). This homomorphism rests on the theory of Thomae (19th century), in which the thetanullwerte of hyperelliptic curves have been computed. Using the explicit equations for $A,B$ we can compute the base locus of the map from Y to X. Blowing up the base locus and the singularity of Y, we get a dominant, smooth model {\\tilde Y}. We will see that {\\tilde Y} is isomorphic to the compactification of families of marked projective lines (P^1,x_1,...,x_8), usually denoted by {\\bar M_{0,8}}. There are several combinatorial similarities between the models X and Y. These similarities can be described best, if one uses the ball-model to describe Y.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 403, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00028", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0249", "text": "If you can’t bring the audience to the TV show, bring the TV show to the audience. That seems to be the strategy as Canadian television struggles to survive the current upheaval in the industry. This fall, CBC has sent stars from two of its series — “Murdoch Mysteries” and “Kim’s Convenience” — to various Canadian cities in an attempt to strengthen connections with their viewers. The live audience response has been encouraging. More than 700 fans lined up to see “Murdoch” stars Yannick Bisson and Helene Joy last Sunday at the Vancouver Police Museum. In the same city, 1,200 people recently jammed a sold-out screening with the cast of “Kim’s Convenience.” For “Murdoch,” catering to its loyal fan base is paying off. The Monday night drama returned to 1,227,000 total viewers for its 11th season premiere. For all shows made in Canada, it’s is clear that reaching out to viewers has become more important than ever. The clutter of competition, especially on streaming services is steadily chipping away at the broadcast television audience. The erosion seems more apparent than ever this fall. In English Canada, based on the first three weeks of the season, the total available TV audience among broadcasters CBC, CTV, City and Global is down eight per cent year-to-year. Among viewers aged 25 to 54, a demographic advertisers covet the most, the drop is 12 per cent in all day parts, according to Numeris, which measures TV viewership in Canada. This mirrors similar declines to start this season among American broadcasters. Even NFL viewership has been thrown for a nine per cent loss year-to-year in the United States. In the United States, this is the fifth straight yearly decline. Viewers have migrated by the millions to less expensive streaming services such as Netflix. They are, in turn, “cord cutting” the old link to cable and satellite providers. According to one recent report, as much as 22 per cent of the U.S. population is now “cordless.” The unusually warm weather in parts of Canada has also likely contributed to the drop. Some viewers are simply enjoying the outdoors while they can. All of these factors are making the perennial challenge of bringing Canadian content to Canadian viewers even more difficult. For example: Rogers-owned City introduced the limited run drama “Bad Blood” in September. Boasting an all-star cast of Canadians and Americans, including Kim Co", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00659", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0250", "text": "Lincolnshire Police has warned convicted drink-drivers that they will be named and shamed ahead of a county-wide campaign over the festive period. The force’s ‘Think Don’t Drink’ campaign will start on Monday 18 December and run into the New Year and will see those convicted of the offence named by the county’s officers. The identities of people found to be driving under the influence of drugs will also be released. The aim is to make people think twice before getting behind the wheel. Inspector Ewan Gell from the Serious Collision Investigation Unit, said: “Drink-driving is still a problem in Lincolnshire but we are very good at catching offenders. I sincerely hope we don’t have to name a single person over these two weeks. Driving under the influence can be deadly, claims and ruins lives but is easily avoidable. “Do not consume a drop if you are driving and be wary the morning after as you could still be over the limit. If we pull you over the consequences could be a losing your licence, a criminal record or even a prison sentence.” Lincolnshire Police has made more than 1,000 arrests for drink-driving in the last year and more than 150 arrests for driving under the influence of drugs. Over the same period 706 people were charged for drink-driving and 51 for drug-driving during. A recent study by the Press Association found that the force charges more offenders than anywhere else in the UK. John Siddle from the Lincolnshire Road Safety Partnership said: “Drink drivers cannot turn back the clock however, almost all those arrested wish they could. “They stand to lose so much when they make that decision to get behind the wheel – their livelihood, life, other people’s lives and possibly their liberty if they are sent to prison. “The knock-on effects of that will be loss of job, possible loss of home (who pays the mortgage) car insurance increase, possibly a re-sit of the driving test. Despite this some people still choose to drink or drug drive, so I welcome Lincolnshire police’s decision to name those charged with driving whilst impaired, through drink or drugs, which adds to the list of deterrents already in place.” The police are asking concerned citizens to call 101 or 999 in an emergency if they suspect someone is about to drive under the influence.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 468, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00548", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0251", "text": "One consequence of the application of superconductivity to accelerator construction is that the power consumption of accelerators will become much smaller. This raises the old possibility of using high energy protons to make neutrons which are then absorbed by fertile uranium or thorium to make a fissionable material like plutonium that can be burned in a nuclear reactor. The Energy Doubler/Saver being constructed at Fermilab is to be a superconducting accelerator that will produce 1000 GeV protons. The expected intensity of about $10^{12}$ protons per second corresponds to a beam power of about 0.2 MW. The total power requirements of the Doubler will be about 20 MW of which the injector complex will use approximately 13 MW, and the refrigeration of the superconducting magnets will use about 7 MW. Thus the beam power as projected is only a few orders of magnitude less than the accelerator power. But each 1000 GeV proton will produce about 60,000 neutrons in each nuclear cascade shower that is releaseq in a block of uranium, and then most of these neutrons will be absorbed to produce 60,000 plutonium a toms. Each of these when burned will Subsequently release about 0.2 GeV of fission energy to make a total energy of 12,000 GeV (20 ergs) for each 1000 GeV proton. Inasmuch as megawatts are involved, it appears to be worthwhile to consider the cost of making the protons to see if there could be an overall energy production.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00251", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0252", "text": "We present discovery observations of a quasar in the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey (CFHQS) at redshift z=6.44. We also use near-IR spectroscopy of nine CFHQS quasars at z~6 to determine black hole masses. These are compared with similar estimates for more luminous Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars to investigate the relationship between black hole mass and quasar luminosity. We find a strong correlation between MgII FWHM and UV luminosity and that most quasars at this early epoch are accreting close to the Eddington limit. Thus these quasars appear to be in an early stage of their life cycle where they are building up their black hole mass exponentially. Combining these results with the quasar luminosity function, we derive the black hole mass function at z=6. Our black hole mass function is ~10^4 times lower than at z=0 and substantially below estimates from previous studies. The main uncertainties which could increase the black hole mass function are a larger population of obscured quasars at high-redshift than is observed at low-redshift and/or a low quasar duty cycle at z=6. In comparison, the global stellar mass function is only ~10^2 times lower at z=6 than at z=0. The difference between the black hole and stellar mass function evolution is due to either rapid early star formation which is not limited by radiation pressure as is the case for black hole growth or inefficient black hole seeding. Our work predicts that the black hole mass - stellar mass relation for a volume-limited sample of galaxies declines rapidly at very high redshift. This is in contrast to the observed increase at 4<z<6 from the local relation if one just studies the most massive black holes.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 373, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00236", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0253", "text": "If you fall into a real astronomical black hole (choosing a supermassive black hole, to make sure that the tidal forces don't get you first), then you will probably meet your fate not at a central singularity, but rather in the exponentially growing, relativistic counter-streaming instability at the inner horizon first pointed out by Poisson & Israel (1990), who called it mass inflation. The chief purpose of this paper is to present a clear exposition of the physical cause and consequence of inflation in spherical, charged black holes. Inflation acts like a particle accelerator in that it accelerates cold ingoing and outgoing streams through each other to prodigiously high energies. Inflation feeds on itself: the acceleration is powered by the gravity produced by the streaming energy. The paper: (1) uses physical arguments to develop simple approximations that follow the evolution of inflation from ignition, through inflation itself, to collapse; (2) confirms that the simple approximations capture accurately the results of fully nonlinear one- and two-fluid self-similar models; (3) demonstrates that, counter-intuitively, the smaller the accretion rate, the more rapidly inflation exponentiates; (4) shows that in single perfect-fluid models, inflation occurs only if the sound speed equals the speed of light, supporting the physical idea that inflation in single fluids is driven by relativistic counter-streaming of waves; (5) shows that what happens during inflation up to the Planck curvature depends not on the distant past or future, but rather on events happening only a few hundred black hole crossing times into the past or future; (6) shows that, if quantum gravity does not intervene, then the generic end result of inflation is not a general relativistic null singularity, but rather a spacelike singularity at zero radius.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00096", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0254", "text": "We present details on a physical realization, in a many-body Hamiltonian system, of the abstract probabilistic structure recently exhibited by Gell-Mann, Sato and one of us (C.T.), that the nonadditive entropy $S_q=k [1- Tr \\hat{\\rho}^q]/[q-1]$ ($\\hat{\\rho}\\equiv$ density matrix; $S_1=-k Tr \\hat{\\rho} \\ln \\hat{\\rho}$) can conform, for an anomalous value of q (i.e., q not equal to 1), to the classical thermodynamical requirement for the entropy to be extensive. Moreover, we find that the entropic index q provides a tool to characterize both universal and nonuniversal aspects in quantum phase transitions (e.g., for a L-sized block of the Ising ferromagnetic chain at its T=0 critical transverse field, we obtain $\\lim_{L\\to\\infty}S_{\\sqrt{37}-6}(L)/L=3.56 \\pm 0.03$). The present results suggest a new and powerful approach to measure entanglement in quantum many-body systems. At the light of these results, and similar ones for a d=2 Bosonic system discussed by us elsewhere, we conjecture that, for blocks of linear size L of a large class of Fermionic and Bosonic d-dimensional many-body Hamiltonians with short-range interaction at T=0, we have that the additive entropy $S_1(L) \\propto [L^{d-1}-1]/(d-1)$ (i.e., $ \\ln L$ for $d=1$, and $ L^{d-1}$ for d>1), hence it is not extensive, whereas, for anomalous values of the index q, we have that the nonadditive entropy $S_q(L)\\propto L^d$ ($\\forall d$), i.e., it is extensive. The present discussion neatly illustrates that entropic additivity and entropic extensivity are quite different properties, even if they essentially coincide in the presence of short-range correlations.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 440, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00031", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0255", "text": "The future new-generation radio telescope SKA (Square Kilometre Array) and its precursors will provide a rapidly growing number of polarized radio sources. Hundred and thousands polarized background sources can be measured towards nearby galaxies thus allowing their detailed magnetic field mapping by means of Faraday rotation measures (RM). We aim to estimate the required density of the background polarized sources detected with the SKA for reliable recognition and reconstruction of the magnetic field structure in nearby spiral galaxies. We construct a galaxy model which includes the ionized gas and magnetic field patterns of different azimuthal symmetry (axisymmetric (ASS), bisymmetric (BSS) and quadrisymmetric spiral (QSS), and superpositions) plus a halo magnetic field. RM fluctuations with a Kolmogorov spectrum due to turbulent fields and/or fluctuations in ionized gas density are superimposed. Recognition of magnetic structures is possible from RM towards background sources behind galaxies or a continuous RM map obtained from the diffuse polarized emission from the galaxy itself. Under favourite conditions, about a few dozens of polarized sources are sufficient for a reliable recognition. Reconstruction of the field structure without precognition becomes possible for a large number of background sources. A reliable reconstruction of the field structure needs at least 20 RM values on a cut along the projected minor axis which translates to approximately 1200 sources towards the galaxy. Radio telescopes operating at low frequencies (LOFAR, ASKAP and the low-frequency SKA array) may also be useful instruments for field recognition or reconstruction with the help of RM, if background sources are still significantly polarized at low frequencies (abriged).", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 328, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00033", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0256", "text": "Let $I$ be a monomial ideal in the polynomial ring $S=\\mathbb{K}[x_1,...,x_n]$. We study the Stanley depth of the integral closure $\\bar{I}$ of $I$. We prove that for every integer $k\\geq 1$, the inequalities ${\\rm sdepth} (S/\\bar{I^k}) \\leq {\\rm sdepth} (S/\\bar{I})$ and ${\\rm sdepth} (\\bar{I^k}) \\leq {\\rm sdepth} (\\bar{I})$ hold. We also prove that for every monomial ideal $I\\subset S$ there exist integers $k_1,k_2\\geq 1$, such that for every $s\\geq 1$, the inequalities ${\\rm sdepth} (S/I^{sk_1}) \\leq {\\rm sdepth} (S/\\bar{I})$ and ${\\rm sdepth} (I^{sk_2}) \\leq {\\rm sdepth} (\\bar{I})$ hold. In particular, $\\min_k \\{{\\rm sdepth} (S/I^k)\\} \\leq {\\rm sdepth} (S/\\bar{I})$ and $\\min_k \\{{\\rm sdepth} (I^k)\\} \\leq {\\rm sdepth} (\\bar{I})$. We conjecture that for every integrally closed monomial ideal $I$, the inequalities ${\\rm sdepth}(S/I)\\geq n-\\ell(I)$ and ${\\rm sdepth} (I)\\geq n-\\ell(I)+1$ hold, where $\\ell(I)$ is the analytic spread of $I$. Assuming the conjecture is true, it follows together with the Burch's inequality that Stanley's conjecture holds for $I^k$ and $S/I^k$ for $k\\gg 0$, provided that $I$ is a normal ideal.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 417, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00458", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0257", "text": "If there is any doubt about Phlow’s rap game, on New Era, he comes clean with a cutting, size-less form of – also enviable – baskets of bars that are so yummy they can be Cadbury and Kingsbite at the same time. In settling on a theme, New Era went along the lines of recent compositions by other younglings, where braggadocio and who’s got the best bars proved ultimate shopping carts. Phlow joins in on the party and gate-storms his way through a guest list that previously had Worlasi, and all the cats who featured on the Trumpet; Koo Ntakra, Medikal, Strongman, Donzy and Pappy Kojo claiming arrival status with Hip Hop flight boarding passes to show. An opening scene from the ‘New Era’ video directed by Salifu Abdul Hafiz But Phlow dishes an even bigger beef with New Era. Phlow’s real beef as he explains some 57 seconds into the song, was sliced, steamed, nutmegged, and cooked on his claim to fame as a crack Fante MC. And he did the dishing while still fasting, he says, and only went for the kill when it became obvious too many not-fits and mockups were calling themselves something other than worse rappers who can’t string together, basic rap rhymes to save their borrowed, faded hoodie lives. The posturing as he expands further, gets his goad, but also sees him claiming he’s been doing amazing lots of Sugar. Honey. Ice. Tea for years. That, you can also call braggadocio. What you can’t however say, is that Phlow isn’t credible. Phlow is a wild cat. He is a problem; a big one with incredible street credibility that predates his Last Two days. He’s had success in the streets; long before both Malafaka and Onaapo became buzzwords. And what he does with New Era is to cement that thought. Produced by Ssnowbeatz, New Era has Phlow touching some nerves; those ones so deadly they can easily make him – as he predicts, public enemy number one – within the local Hip hop scene. As less reaching as his clout may seem now, he however refuses to be put away. He schleps through the 4 minutes, edgy-subject song with so much confidence and attitude if a struggling mainstream act had such dynamism, he", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00647", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0258", "text": "We consider the computation of stable approximations to the exact solution $x^\\dag$ of nonlinear ill-posed inverse problems $F(x)=y$ with nonlinear operators $F:X\\to Y$ between two Hilbert spaces $X$ and $Y$ by the Newton type methods $$ x_{k+1}^\\delta=x_0-g_{\\alpha_k} (F'(x_k^\\delta)^*F'(x_k^\\delta)) F'(x_k^\\delta)^* (F(x_k^\\delta)-y^\\delta-F'(x_k^\\delta)(x_k^\\delta-x_0)) $$ in the case that only available data is a noise $y^\\delta$ of $y$ satisfying $\\|y^\\delta-y\\|\\le \\delta$ with a given small noise level $\\delta>0$. We terminate the iteration by the discrepancy principle in which the stopping index $k_\\delta$ is determined as the first integer such that $$ \\|F(x_{k_\\delta}^\\delta)-y^\\delta\\|\\le \\tau \\delta <\\|F(x_k^\\delta)-y^\\delta\\|, \\qquad 0\\le k<k_\\delta $$ with a given number $\\tau>1$. Under certain conditions on $\\{\\alpha_k\\}$, $\\{g_\\alpha\\}$ and $F$, we prove that $x_{k_\\delta}^\\delta$ converges to $x^\\dag$ as $\\delta\\to 0$ and establish various order optimal convergence rate results. It is remarkable that we even can show the order optimality under merely the Lipschitz condition on the Fr\\'{e}chet derivative $F'$ of $F$ if $x_0-x^\\dag$ is smooth enough.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00090", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0259", "text": "If you want to make your hair turn prematurely gray, raise your blood pressure, and go on an epic-level rant, just try to comprehend red snapper management. Then, try to understand virtually any fisheries management. It’s tough – very tough – to understand what they’re doing, and why. The first thing we need to point out is that the vast majority of the people working on fisheries management are good people, doing the best they can. It’s easy to point fingers and lay blame, but it’s MUCH harder to divvy up a valuable resource among various “stakeholders” in a way that makes sense. It’s downright impossible to please everyone, while doing it. So if we can dispense with the name-calling, blame-laying, and vitriol right out of the gate, the entire conversation can be much more productive. Which leads us to one example of why this lofty goal is so difficult: red snapper. Everyone’s surely familiar with the red snapper debacle, which started off as a whopping-big three day season. Three measly days. This, when anglers out on the water knew darn well that there were gobs of snapper around. On the face of it the three-day season was utterly absurd. When Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross extended the season to 42 days, however, it was just as absurd – because it was illegal, clearly in violation of the Magnuson-Stevens act. Hear me now, people: I am NOT saying I wish the season hadn’t been extended to 42 days. I’m just saying that we all claim to be living in a country of laws, and it’s ridiculous to cheer an action of the government that is clearly against the law, merely because it benefits us. I do believe that’s an excellent example of hypocrisy, of which there is already more than enough to go around in the government. I’ve spoken with a couple of people (you can still call them that, even though they live and work in Washington) who are hip-deep in federal fisheries management, and they’ve told me that the root of the problem is almost always poor science. So let’s push for better science, by all means. But in the meantime, let’s also recognize that a) whoever thought a three-day season was acceptable made a radically bad decision, and b) that bad decision was “fixed” in the worst possible way.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 489, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00592", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0260", "text": "percent of the portion of lifetime annuity payments otherwise includible in gross income under this section (determined without regard to this paragraph), or ``(ii) the amount in effect under section 72(b)(5). ``(B) Rules of section 72(b)(5) to apply.--For purposes of this paragraph, rules similar to the rules of section 72(b)(5) and section 72(w) shall apply, substituting the term `beneficiary of the life insurance contract' for the term `annuitant' wherever it appears, and substituting the term `life insurance contract' for the term `annuity contract' wherever it appears.''. (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 101(d)(1) of such Code is amended by inserting ``or paragraph (4)'' after ``to the extent not excluded by the preceding sentence''. (e) Effective Date.-- (1) In general.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to amounts received in calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) Special rule for existing contracts.--In the case of a contract in force on the date of the enactment of this Act that does not satisfy the requirements of section 72(c)(5)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section), or requirements similar to such section 72(c)(5)(A) in the case of a life insurance contract), any modification to such contract (including a change in ownership) or to the payments thereunder that is made to satisfy the requirements of such section (or similar requirements) shall not result in the recognition of any gain or loss, any amount being included in gross income, or any addition to tax that otherwise might result from such modification, but only if the modification is completed prior to the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 384, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00989", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0261", "text": "If you can’t win, change the rules. That’s the Democratic Party’s new playbook. Democrats are urging the US Supreme Court to redraw Wisconsin’s electoral map, claiming Republican lawmakers drew it unfairly. If the justices toss Wisconsin’s map and dictate new rules for election mapmaking, it could turn winners into losers and vice versa in many states. Republicans have been on a winning streak and now control both legislative houses in 33 states, including Wisconsin. They rightly oppose this judicial interference. The justices will hear the case, Gill v. Whitford, on Oct. 3. Democrats claim Wisconsin’s election map puts them at a disadvantage by packing their voters into too few election districts, “wasting” their votes and allowing Republicans to win the majority of districts. But the real problem isn’t an unfair map. It’s that Wisconsin Democrats are concentrated in cities. In many states, Democrats tend to win urban voters and do less well with suburban and rural voters. Wisconsin Democrats want the lines redrawn so their urban voters can capture a majority of the state’s legislative seats — and they’re asking the Supreme Court to help them. It’s a brazen political gambit disguised as fairness. They claim to be victims of gerrymandering — drawing election districts to favor one party. But they’re not opposed to gerrymandering. They just want it to favor them. They hope a Supreme Court victory will restore their political fortunes after the 2020 Census, when states have to redraw their electoral maps. If Democrats prevail in court, the nation’s political map could change significantly after the Census, with many statehouses flipped to Democratic control. That would likely mean higher state taxes, anti-fracking laws and job-killing regulations on business. As for gerrymandering, it’s been around for over 200 years and isn’t limited to any party. When James Madison ran for Congress in 1788, rival politicians, including his mortal enemy Patrick Henry, drew district lines to try to exclude Madison’s supporters. Madison won anyway, but manipulating voting districts for partisan advantage was just getting started. Massachusetts Gov. Elbridge Gerry, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and Constitutional Convention delegate, raised it to an art form in 1812, carving a bizarre district in his state that meandered around Boston like a salamander. A Boston newspaper caricatured it, adding claws, fangs and a tail, and called it a Gerry-mander. That political monster has", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00816", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0262", "text": "raised the Russia investigation, saying of the decision to fire Comey: \"When I decided to just do it, I said to myself, I said you know, this Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made up story. It’s an excuse by the Democrats for having lost an election that they should have won.\" Comey said in a written statement before his testimony before the Senate Intelligence Committee last week that he told Trump he was not personally under investigation. But Comey said at the hearing that he took Trump's alleged statement \"I hope you can let this go\" about former national security adviser Michael Flynn as a direction to end the investigation. Asked if thought the alleged comment was an attempt to obstruct, Comey said it wasn't for him to say, but \"I'm sure the special counsel will work towards,to try and understand what the intention was there, and whether that's an offense.\" Trump a day later said Comey's testimony vindicated him, and said in response to a question at a joint press conference: \"No collusion. No obstruction. He's a leaker.\" Play Facebook Twitter Embed JUNE 9: Trump: Comey Testimony Shows 'No Collusion, No Obstruction' 1:31 autoplay autoplay Copy this code to your website or blog — As always, an FBI inquiry can be closed without charges, or lead to charges against a person or persons as determined by the prosecutor. Federal employees may face criminal charges while in office. But the precedent is that the Justice Department takes the position that it cannot indict a sitting president. And in the event an investigation were to find potential high crimes, the process is to refer such information or material to Congress, which the Constitution provides as the adjudicative body for alleged high crimes and misdemeanors by a president. In other words, precedent has been that only the House — which is currently Republican controlled — may charge a sitting president with crimes, not the Justice Department. Meanwhile, rumors raised this week that Trump was considering firing Mueller might, in theory, be put to bed now, since firing law enforcement leadership overseeing an investigation would look even worse if the president is reportedly under investigation.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 430, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00739", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0263", "text": "We study the Wouthuysen-Field coupling at early universe with numerical solutions of the integrodifferential equation describing the kinetics of photons undergoing resonant scattering. The numerical solver is developed based on the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme for the Boltzmann-like integrodifferential equation. We focus on the time evolution of the Wouthuysen-Field (W-F) coupling in relation to the 21 cm emission and absorption at the epoch of reionization. We show that a local Boltzmann distribution will be formed if photons with frequency \\sim \\nu_0 have undergone a ten thousand or more times of scattering, which corresponds to the order of 10^3 yrs for neutral hydrogen density of the concordance \\Lambda CDM model. The time evolution of the shape and width of the local Boltzmann distribution actually doesn't dependent on the details of atomic recoil, photon sources, or initial conditions very much. However, the intensity of photon flux at the local Boltzmann distribution is substantially time-dependent. The time scale of approaching the saturated intensity can be as long as 10^5-10^6 yrs for typical parameters of the \\Lambda CDM model. The intensity of the local Boltzmann distribution at time less than 10^5 yrs is significantly lower than that of the saturation state. Therefore, it may not be always reasonable to assume that the deviation of the spin temperature of 21 cm energy states from cosmic background temperature is mainly due to the W-F coupling if first stars or their emission/absorption regions evolved with a time scale equal to or less than Myrs.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 334, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00105", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0264", "text": "If you look at the entire timeline of human existence, we live longer in modern times than we ever have and we’re continually beating world records with physical achievements that set new high bars for human capability. With that in mind, it might be tempting to imagine that humans will just keep getting better and living longer for the foreseeable future, but new research suggests that’s simply not the case. Researchers now believe that humans have peaked. According to the new study, which was published in Frontiers in Physiology, the human body is either at or rapidly nearing the absolute limits for its capabilities. Citing what they believe is evidence of a plateau in lifespan, height, endurance and other human capabilities, the scientists are sounding the alarm that humans, as we exist today, might be as good as we’re ever going to get. “These traits no longer increase, despite further continuous nutritional, medical and scientific progress,” Professor Jean-François Toussaint from Paris Descartes University explains. “This suggests that modern societies have allowed our species to reach its limits. We are the first generation to become aware of this.” Instead of continually improving, the study’s data suggests that we’ll simply continue to see more people reaching current maximums of lifespan and physical capabilities. For example, the world records for age won’t continue to climb, but the percentage of people who reach that upper limit will grow. The study was based on historical records and trends plotted over many generations and the numbers don’t lie. “This will be one of the biggest challenges of this century as the added pressure from anthropogenic activities will be responsible for damaging effects on human health and the environment,” Toussaint says. “The current declines in human capacities we can see today are a sign that environmental changes, including climate, are already contributing to the increasing constraints we now have to consider.” Finding cures for some of the diseases that most often cut life short could have a noticeable impact on the overall average lifespan and advances in nutrition and a greater understanding of human physiology may give people everyday people a physical edge in the future, but the body has limits. Of course, that could all go right out the window if the much-talked-about marriage between man and machine becomes a reality.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 449, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00812", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0265", "text": "Let $K$ denote a field and let $V$ denote a vector space over $K$ with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations $A:V \\to V$ and $A^*:V \\to V$ that satisfy the following conditions: (i) each of $A,A^*$ is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering $\\lbrace V_i\\rbrace_{i=0}^d$ of the eigenspaces of $A$ such that $A^* V_i \\subseteq V_{i-1} + V_{i} + V_{i+1}$ for $0 \\leq i \\leq d$, where $V_{-1}=0$ and $V_{d+1}=0$; (iii) there exists an ordering $\\lbrace V^*_i\\rbrace_{i=0}^\\delta$ of the eigenspaces of $A^*$ such that $A V^*_i \\subseteq V^*_{i-1} + V^*_{i} + V^*_{i+1}$ for $0 \\leq i \\leq \\delta$, where $V^*_{-1}=0$ and $V^*_{\\delta+1}=0$; (iv) there is no subspace $W$ of $V$ such that $AW \\subseteq W$, $A^* W \\subseteq W$, $W \\neq 0$, $W \\neq V$. We call such a pair a {\\it tridiagonal pair} on $V$. It is known that $d=\\delta$ and for $0 \\leq i \\leq d$ the dimensions of $V_i$, $V^*_i$, $V_{d-i}$, $V^*_{d-i}$ coincide; we denote this common dimension by $\\rho_i$. In this paper we prove that $\\rho_i \\leq \\rho_0 \\binom{d}{i}$ for $0 \\leq i \\leq d$. It is already known that $\\rho_0=1$ if $\\K$ is algebraically closed.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 448, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00148", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0266", "text": "Both Uranus and Neptune are thought to have strong zonal winds with velocities of several hundred meters per second. These wind velocities, however, assume solid-body rotation periods based on Voyager 2 measurements of periodic variations in the planets' radio signals and of fits to the planets' magnetic fields; 17.24h and 16.11h for Uranus and Neptune, respectively. The realization that the radio period of Saturn does not represent the planet's deep interior rotation and the complexity of the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune raise the possibility that the Voyager 2 radio and magnetic periods might not represent the deep interior rotation periods of the ice giants. Moreover, if there is deep differential rotation within Uranus and Neptune no single solid-body rotation period could characterize the bulk rotation of the planets. We use wind and shape data to investigate the rotation of Uranus and Neptune. The shapes (flattening) of the ice giants are not measured, but only inferred from atmospheric wind speeds and radio occultation measurements at a single latitude. The inferred oblateness values of Uranus and Neptune do not correspond to bodies rotating with the Voyager rotation periods. Minimization of wind velocities or dynamic heights of the 1 bar isosurfaces, constrained by the single occultation radii and gravitational coefficients of the planets, leads to solid-body rotation periods of ~16.58h for Uranus and ~17.46h for Neptune. Uranus might be rotating faster and Neptune slower than Voyager rotation speeds. We derive shapes for the planets based on these rotation rates. Wind velocities with respect to these rotation periods are essentially identical on Uranus and Neptune and wind speeds are slower than previously thought. Alternatively, if we interpret wind measurements in terms of differential rotation on cylinders there are essentially no residual atmospheric winds.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00241", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0267", "text": "NF-{\\kappa}B is a pleiotropic protein whose nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking is tightly regulated by multiple negative feedback loops embedded in the NF-{\\kappa}B signaling network and contributes to diverse gene expression profiles important in immune cell differentiation, cell apoptosis, and innate immunity. The intracellular signaling processes and their control mechanisms, however, are susceptible to both extrinsic and intrinsic noise. In this article, we present numerical evidence for a universal dynamic behavior of NF-{\\kappa}B, namely oscillatory nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, due to the fundamentally stochastic nature of the NF-{\\kappa}B signaling network. We simulated the effect of extrinsic noise with a deterministic ODE model, using a statistical ensemble approach, generating many copies of the signaling network with different kinetic rates sampled from a biologically feasible parameter space. We modeled the effect of intrinsic noise by simulating the same networks stochastically using the Gillespie algorithm. The results demonstrate that extrinsic noise diversifies the shuttling patterns of NF-{\\kappa}B response, whereas intrinsic noise induces oscillatory behavior in many of the otherwise non-oscillatory patterns. We identify two key model parameters which significantly affect the NF-{\\kappa}B dynamic response and deduce a two-dimensional phase-diagram of the NF-{\\kappa}B response as a function of these parameters. We conclude that if single-cell experiments are performed, a rich variety of NF-{\\kappa}B response will be observed, even if population-level experiments, which average response over large numbers of cells, do not evidence oscillatory behavior.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 337, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00263", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0268", "text": "If Dark Energy introduces an acceleration in the universal expansion then large scale gravitational potential wells should be shrinking, causing a blueshift in the CMB photons that cross such structures (Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, [ISW]). Galaxy clusters are known to probe those potential wells. In these objects, CMB photons also experience inverse Compton scattering off the hot electrons of the intra-cluster medium, and this results in a distortion with a characteristic spectral signature of the CMB spectrum (the so-called thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, [tSZ]). Since both the ISW and the tSZ effects take place in the same potential wells, they must be spatially correlated. We present how this cross ISW-tSZ signal can be detected in a CMB-data contained way by using the frequency dependence of the tSZ effect in multi frequency CMB experiments like {\\it Planck}, {\\em without} requiring the use of external large scale structure tracers data. We find that by masking low redshift clusters, the shot noise level decreases significantly, boosting the signal to noise ratio of the ISW--tSZ cross correlation. We also find that galactic and extragalactic dust residuals must be kept at or below the level of ~0.04 muK^2 at l=10, a limit that is a factor of a few below {\\it Planck}'s expectations for foreground subtraction. If this is achieved, CMB observations of the ISW-tSZ cross correlation should also provide an independent probe for the existence of Dark Energy and the amplitude of density perturbations.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00297", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0269", "text": "The Florida woman who was forced to walk naked down a frigid Harlem street by her unhinged boyfriend bravely took the stand against him Monday, telling jurors how she’d planned to leave the jealous monster in the days before the incident. The 24-year-old threw Jason Melo a steely glance before she began to describe his years of abuse, which included calling her a “whore” and throwing her phones out the apartment window in envious fits of rage. Melo cowardly stared down at the defense table as the woman, whose name is being withheld, walked in​ ​–​ ​even going so far as to limply leaf through some papers in front of him to avoid looking at the mother of his child. “He made it very clear to me many times that we were not together, he said that many times–that he didn’t love me,” she said softly as Melo avoided eye contact. “He broke several phones of mine,” the woman, who moved back to Florida after the incident, told jurors. “It would be over stupid things. One time he didn’t like a picture I took, so he threw my phone out the window.” She described another incident, at a family party, where Melo’s uncle asked her to dance, and then Melo forced her to leave and derided her as a “whore” on the way home. On another instance, he bit her cheek in anger, she told jurors. “I was going to leave,” she said of the days leading up to the incident. Jurors earlier heard that Melo punched the then-22-year-old in the face before forcing her into the street wearing boots and a towel in January 2016, after he allegedly found pictures of other men on her phone. In footage that horrified the city, but which has since been removed from Instagram, Melo could be seen following the woman, her thin frame wrapped in a bath towel, down the block while he berates her in Spanish. Jurors Monday watched the disturbing two-minute clip, in which Melo reaches out and yanks the towel away, forcing the naked woman to seek refuge between two parked cars as she attempts to cover herself. “This is what you deserve,” he shouts. She eventually wraps herself in a dirty-looking motorcycle cover as he continues to film her. Melo faces up to seven years behind bars if convicted on the top count of felony coercion.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 491, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00817", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0270", "text": "If massive black holes (BHs) are ubiquitous in galaxies and galaxies experience multiple mergers during their cosmic assembly, then BH binaries should be common albeit temporary features of most galactic bulges. Observationally, the paucity of active BH pairs points toward binary lifetimes far shorter than the Hubble time, indicating rapid inspiral of the BHs down to the domain where gravitational waves lead to their coalescence. Here, we review a series of studies on the dynamics of massive BHs in gas-rich galaxy mergers that underscore the vital role played by a cool, gaseous component in promoting the rapid formation of the BH binary. The BH binary is found to reside at the center of a massive self-gravitating nuclear disc resulting from the collision of the two gaseous discs present in the mother galaxies. Hardening by gravitational torques against gas in this grand disc is found to continue down to sub-parsec scales. The eccentricity decreases with time to zero and when the binary is circular, accretion sets in around the two BHs. When this occurs, each BH is endowed with it own small-size (< 0.01 pc) accretion disc comprising a few percent of the BH mass. Double AGN activity is expected to occur on an estimated timescale of < 1 Myr. The double nuclear point-like sources that may appear have typical separation of < 10 pc, and are likely to be embedded in the still ongoing starburst. We note that a potential threat of binary stalling, in a gaseous environment, may come from radiation and/or mechanical energy injections by the BHs. Only short-lived or sub-Eddington accretion episodes can guarantee the persistence of a dense cool gas structure around the binary necessary for continuing BH inspiral.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00026", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0271", "text": "We measure the clustering of non-quasar X-ray AGN at z=0.7-1.4 in the AEGIS field. Using the cross-correlation of 113 Chandra-selected AGN, with a median log L_X=42.8 erg s^-1, with ~5,000 DEEP2 galaxies, we find that the X-ray AGN are fit by a power law with a clustering scale length of r_0=5.95 +/-0.90 h^-1 Mpc and slope gamma=1.66 +/-0.22. X-ray AGN have a similar clustering amplitude as red, quiescent and `green' transition galaxies at z~1 and are significantly more clustered than blue, star-forming galaxies. The X-ray AGN clustering strength is primarily determined by the host galaxy color; AGN in red host galaxies are significantly more clustered than AGN in blue host galaxies, with a relative bias that is similar to that of red to blue DEEP2 galaxies. We detect no dependence of clustering on optical brightness, X-ray luminosity, or hardness ratio within the ranges probed here. We find evidence for galaxies hosting X-ray AGN to be more clustered than a sample of galaxies with matching joint optical color and magnitude distributions. This implies that galaxies hosting X-ray AGN are more likely to reside in groups and more massive dark matter halos than galaxies of the same color and luminosity without an X-ray AGN. In comparison to optically-selected quasars in the DEEP2 fields, we find that X-ray AGN at z~1 are more clustered than optically-selected quasars (with a 2.6-sigma significance) and therefore likely reside in more massive dark matter halos. Our results are consistent with galaxies undergoing a quasar phase while in the blue cloud before settling on the red sequence with a lower-luminosity X-ray AGN, if they are similar objects at different evolutionary stages.", "label": 1, "domain": "academic", "token_count": 401, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00117", "split": "test"}
{"id": "conditionality_test_pos_0272", "text": "Ahhhh, Thanksgiving. It’s the holiday that’s impossible to hate. It’s all about one thing – food. Lots and lots of delicious food. While Thanksgiving dinner itself is incredible, some say that leftovers are even better. With that in mind, here are 9 tasty ways to use your leftovers. You’re welcome. A Thanksgiving Sandwich Listen – there’s an art to turkey sandwiches. You can’t just slap some turkey on bread and call it a day. Anyone who has watched Friends knows what I’m talking about. You’ve got to take it to the next level! Turkey, mashed potatoes, stuffing, gravy and cranberry sauce between two pieces of bread. Get. In. My. Belly. (bonus points if you give it a quick toast on the panini grill) Cheesy Mashed Potato Pancakes We checked, and science has proven that this is the greatest use for leftover mashed potatoes of all time. Turkey Soup/Stew A classic. Is Thanksgiving really Thanksgiving without next-day turkey soup/stew? The answer is no, so bust out those slow cookers! A post shared by The Inspired Home (@theinspiredhome) on Sep 15, 2017 at 5:45am PDT Turkey Poutine Now that you think about it, isn’t it obvious?!? Bacon Wrapped Stuffing Bites When two of the most beautiful foods known to human kind come together, magic happens. Turkey & Cranberry Quesdillas A great way to get your kids to eat leftovers. Whip this up for a quick day-after lunch that is as tasty as it is easy. Casserole Casserole’s don’t get the love they deserve these days. They’re warm, comforting and you can pretty much put anything in them and it’ll still turn out great. This option can also be swapped out for a Shepard’s Pie if that’s more your thing.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 382, "matched_pair_id": "conditionality_00699", "split": "test"}