We study the direct CP violation in $\bar{B}^0 \to \rho^0(\omega)\rho^0(\omega) \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ (with unpolarized $\rho^0(\omega)$) via the $\rho-\omega$ mixing mechanism which causes a large strong phase difference and consequently a large CP violating asymmetry when the masses of the $\pi^+\pi^-$ pairs are in the vicinity of the $\omega$ resonance. Since there are two $\rho (\omega)$ mesons in the intermediate state $\rho-\omega$ mixing contributes twice to the first order of isospin violation, leading to an even larger CP violating asymmetry (could be 30% -- 50% larger) than in the case where only one $\rho (\omega)$ meson is involved. The CP violating asymmetry depends on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements and the hadronic matrix elements. The factorization approach is applied in the calculation of the hadronic matrix elements with the nonfactorizable effects being included effectively in an effective parameter, $N_c$. We give the constraint on the range of $N_c$ from the latest experimental data for the branching ratios for $\bar{B}^0 \to\rho^0\rho^0$ and $\bar{B}^0 \to\rho^+\rho^-$. We find that the CP violating asymmetry could be very large (even more than 90% for some values of $N_c$). It is shown that the sensitivity of the CP violating asymmetry to $N_c$ is large compared with its smaller sensitivity to the CKM matrix elements. We also discuss the possibility to remove the mod $(\pi)$ ambiguity in the determination of the CP violating phase angle $\alpha$ through the measurement of the CP violating asymmetry in the decay $\bar{B}^0\to \rho^0(\omega)\rho^0(\omega) \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$.


Manish Vyas, president of business communication at Tech Mahindra, spoke with TechRepublic's Dan Patterson about innovations that will be enabled by the arrival of 5G. Watch the video, or read the full transcript of their conversation below: Patterson: Help us understand, Manish, 5G we hear a lot of hype about. What's the reality of this new wireless standard? Vyas: The reality is that it does promise us to transform. You very rightly use the word digital, but my translation of digital is it promises to change the way people would live, work, and play going forward in a more significant fashion than what you saw with the previous generations. If I could just expand on that a bit, 5G is not just about the throughput and the speed and the power and the latencies, but 5G is about exciting, exciting propositions that will come our way both in the enterprise space and in the consumer domain. Given that 5G also combined with some of the other later technological innovations that are happening as we speak, for example, artificial intelligence, will just enable a certain set of use cases. It will just change the paradigm of how people communicate, how people consume experiences, or how people transact business. All of that is going to change, so I guess that's the reason why everybody is so hyped up, if I may, about 5G. Patterson: So, how? We know that the capabilities of 2G, 3G, and 4G has iterated and created new technological capabilities. What specifically about 5G enables IoT, enables high-speed mobile devices, and enables artificial intelligence? Vyas: Yes. I think it is, and all of them are related, the convergence of other software technologies that are advancing at the speed of light right now. Let's take two of them, just to build a use case, right? Let's take VR, virtual reality. Let's take IoT, which is the ability to connect the devices and harness the power of data, right? Now, combine that with the wireless advancements that will happen with the 5G technology from an access, as well as from how the data is processed. It will create use cases that have hereto not been possible. SEE: Virtual and augmented reality policy (Tech Pro Research) One of my favorite examples that I often give is think of an NFL game, and think of the tailgate parties that


) A description of the strategies for integrating programs and services for children who are placed across State lines. ``(D) Such other information as the Secretary may require. ``(3) Grant authority.--The Secretary may make a grant to a State that complies with paragraph (2). ``(4) Use of funds.--A State to which a grant is made under this subsection shall use the grant for the development of the centralized electronic system described in paragraph (1). ``(5) Evaluations.--Not later than 1 year after the final year in which grants are awarded under this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress, and make available to the general public by posting on a website, that contains the following information: ``(A) How using the centralized electronic system developed pursuant to paragraph (4) has changed the time it takes for children to be placed across State lines. ``(B) The number of cases subject to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children that were processed through the centralized electronic system, and the number of interstate child placement cases that were processed outside the centralized electronic system, by each State in each year. ``(C) The progress made by States in implementing the centralized electronic system. ``(D) How using the centralized electronic system has affected various metrics related to child safety and well-being, including the time it takes for children to be placed across State lines. ``(E) How using the centralized electronic system has affected administrative costs and caseworker time spent on placing children across State lines. ``(6) Data integration.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretariat for the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children and the States, shall assess how the centralized electronic system developed pursuant to paragraph (4) could be used to better serve and protect children that come to the attention of the child welfare system, by-- ``(A) connecting the system with other data systems (such as systems operated by State law enforcement and judicial agencies, systems operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the purposes of the Innocence Lost National Initiative, and other systems); ``(B) simplifying and improving reporting related to paragraphs (34) and (35) of section 471(a) regarding children or youth who have been identified as being a sex trafficking victim or children missing from foster care; and ``(C) improving the ability of States to quickly comply with background check requirements of section 471(a)(20), including checks of child abuse and neglect registries as required by section 471(a)(20)(B).'


.--Chapter 19 of title I of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2015 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 244 the following: ``SEC. 251. THORIUM FUEL CYCLE NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION. ``(a) Definitions.--In this section: ``(1) Chairman.--The term `Chairman' means the Chairman of the Commission. ``(2) Department.--The term `Department' means the Department of Energy. ``(3) Office.--The term `Office' means an office established under subsection (b)(1). ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of Energy. ``(b) Offices for Research and Regulation of Thorium Fuel Cycle Nuclear Power Generation.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Chairman, shall establish and provide funds to-- ``(1) an office for the regulation of thorium fuel cycle nuclear power generation within the Commission; and ``(2) an office of thorium-based fuel cycle research within the Department. ``(c) Regulations.-- ``(1) Fuel.--Not later than December 31, 2011, the Chairman, in consultation with industry and nonindustry experts, shall establish standards for the manufacture, testing, use, and management of spent thorium-based nuclear fuel. ``(2) Power generation.--Not later than December 31, 2012, the Chairman, in cooperation with the Secretary, shall promulgate regulations for facilities and materials used in thorium-based fuel cycle power generation. ``(d) Demonstration Projects.-- ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with industry experts, nonindustry experts, and National Laboratories, shall carry out demonstration projects for thorium-based nuclear power generation. ``(2) Administration.--In preparing for and selecting demonstration projects, the Secretary shall consult with reactor designers, utilities, engineering, and manufacturing firms to-- ``(A) determine the optimum use of thorium in different reactor types; ``(B) prioritize thorium-based fuel cycle options that take advantage of existing nuclear power infrastructure and could be deployed in support of light water reactors like reactors used in the United States in the near term; ``(C) license the manufacture of thorium-based fuels; ``(D) qualify and license thorium-based fuel for use in commercial reactors; and ``(E) develop and maintain databases necessary for United States industry and regulators to safely license and use advanced fuels. ``(e) International Partnerships and Incentives.--Not


they can cross-check their own diagnoses. How important is this? "In many rural areas in China, there are no trained radiologists who can help stroke victims," said Chen. "And in other areas of the world, like the US, radiologists make an average of $375,000 a year, so they are very expensive." Chen says that the feedback he gets from hospitals is that younger radiologists and medical practitioners rely heavily on AI, while older practitioners prefer to use it as a second opinion that they cross-check against their own. "In a stroke, you want to respond to the condition as quickly as possible," said Chen. "It might take 30 to 35 seconds in a standard process to generate a report on the condition so treatment can be determined. With our tool, that time is cut to less than three seconds." The use of deep learning and expanded analytics also expand the spectrum of diagnosis, which can lead to better results. "In one non-stroke case that involved diagnosis and treatment of a bone fracture and a degenerated area of bone, the standard approach is to treat the affected area itself," said Chen. "With analytics and AI, a system can focus on different areas of the body that are far removed from where the problem is to see if these other areas could be affecting the condition. If it is a problem that is being generated far from the fracture itself, the analytics allow us to treat causes of the condition, and not just symptoms." SEE: How to implement AI and machine learning (free PDF) (ZDNet/TechRepublic special report) Here are some best practices hospitals and clinics can adopt as AI and deep learning tools evolve: Deploy the tool where help is needed most If there is an acute shortage of medical practitioners in a specific region, analytics and AI can help in situations like stroke intervention and treatment, and the chances for success for patients will improve. Use the tool for training Radiologists and medical practitioners must develop knowledge and experience before they can become expert diagnosticians. An analytics and deep learning tool can assist in the training process because users can compare their own findings against what the system finds in numerous scenarios. Learn to expect the unexpected You might think you are going to treat one condition and end up treating another. The bone fracture that Chen mentioned, where the system actually found the causal problem in a different area of the body, is a prime example. This is why medical practitioners should keep their minds open. Never forget that AI and


of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(F) you will exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that might interfere with the objective evaluation of the health claim. ``(5) Failure to abide by the above rules will result in disbarment from the Independent Scientific Review program and disallowance of all compensation for any review undertaken. ``(b) Confirmation of Independent Scientific Reviewer Status.--No later than 30 days after the Secretary determines that a health claim meets the criteria established in section 3 of the Health Information Independence Act for government approval, including the certifications required under subsection (a)(4) of this section, from a person who seeks to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer, the Secretary shall notify that person whether he or she satisfies the qualification criteria specified in such subsection and is, thereby, eligible to be selected to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer. ``(c) Random Selection of Independent Scientific Reviewer to Evaluate Health Claim.--Not later than 15 days after the Secretary determines that a health claim meets the criteria established in section 3 of the Health Information Independence Act for government approval, the Secretary shall select an Independent Scientific Reviewer at random and shall provide that person with a complete copy of the health claim petition for evaluation. The Secretary shall not reveal the name of the Independent Scientific Reviewer to the public or to the health claim petitioner until after the Secretary receives from the Independent Scientific Reviewer all publicly available scientific evidence reviewed and a complete evaluation of the health claim. ``(d) All Publicly Available Scientific Evidence Shall Be Reviewed.--Upon receipt of a health claim petition, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall acquire and evaluate all publicly available scientific evidence relevant to the claim. The Independent Scientific Reviewer shall determine whether credible scientific evidence supports the health claim. ``(e) Every Health Claim Shall Be Recommended for Approval That Is Supported by Credible Scientific Evidence.--If the Independent Scientific Reviewer finds that credible scientific evidence supports the health claim, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall recommend to the Secretary that the health claim be approved. If the Independent Scientific Reviewer finds the scientific evidence in support of the claim less than conclusive, suggestive but not conclusive, preliminary and inconclusive, or generally accepted but not yet proven to a conclusive degree, or if the Independent Scientific Reviewer finds the claim to convey a potentially misleading connotation, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall also recommend that the health claim be approved accompanied by a concise disclaimer carefully worded to render


We present multiwavelength (X-ray/optical/near-infrared/millimetre) observations of GRB 051022 between 2.5 hours and ~1.15 yr after the event. It is the most intense gamma-ray burst (~ 10^-4 erg cm^-2) detected by HETE-2, with the exception of the nearby GRB 030329. Optical and near infrared observations did not detect the afterglow despite a strong afterglow at X-ray wavelengths. Millimetre observations at Plateau de Bure (PdB) detected a source and a flare, confirming the association of this event with a moderately bright (R = 21.5) galaxy. Spectroscopic observations of this galaxy show strong [O II], Hbeta and [O III] emission lines at a redshift of 0.809. The spectral energy distribution of the galaxy implies Av (rest frame) = 1.0 and a starburst occuring ~ 25 Myr ago, during which the star-forming-rate reached >= 25 Msun/yr. In conjunction with the spatial extent (~ 1'') it suggests a very luminous (Mv = - 21.8) blue compact galaxy, for which we also find with Z Zsun. The X-ray spectrum shows evidence of considerable absorption by neutral gas with NH, X-ray = 3.47(+0.48/-0.47) x 10^22 cm^-2 (rest frame). Absorption by dust in the host galaxy at z = 0.809 certainly cannot account for the non-detection of the optical afterglow, unless the dust-to-gas ratio is quite different than that seen in our Galaxy (i.e. large dust grains). It is likely that the afterglow of the dark GRB 051022 was extinguished along the line of sight by an obscured, dense star forming region in a molecular cloud within the parent host galaxy. This galaxy is different from most GRB hosts being brighter than L* by a factor of 3. We have also derived a SFR ~ 50 Msun/yr and predict that this host galaxy will be detected at sub-mm wavelengths.


She had overdosed. Someone had brought her to the clinic in the middle of the night on Feb. 2, authorities said, but when the clinic was closed, whoever brought her abandoned the car and left. They didn't call 911. This month, the Grand Forks Police Department put out a reminder that those using and possessing drugs who are present at the time of an overdose will not be prosecuted if they call and cooperate with first responders. In North Dakota and Minnesota, Good Samaritan laws are on the books that give immunity to those who call in drug overdoses if the caller remains on scene until first responders arrive and cooperate with medical services and law enforcement. The person must be in need of emergency medical services. Up to three people can be granted immunity. The law also applies to people overdosing from alcohol consumption. "We want people to be focused on saving a life," said Lt. Jeremy Moe with the special resource bureau. In 2016, Grand Forks Police responded to 28 calls for overdoses. Three of them were fatal. State Sen. Howard Anderson Jr., R-Turtle Lake, was a sponsor of the Good Samaritan laws that passed in North Dakota in 2015. The former director of the North Dakota Board of Pharmacy, Anderson said he wanted to sponsor the law to give people a better chance to survive. Information provided by companions can be key to successful care. "It's hard to find out what they took or what the situation is, so by the time doctors get a chance to figure out what it is, it's too late," Anderson said. In the process of passing the law, legislators heard testimony from a man whose companions had abandoned him in a dumpster, thinking he'd overdosed, Anderson said. But too few people know about the law, Anderson said. He also believes law enforcement have been overzealous in pressing charges against people, despite the law. "They're using the Good Samaritan laws as an excuse to charge people because, obviously, if I gave you drugs, then I'm guilty of providing them for you. It's like a sale even if I gave it to you free," he said. "So we need a little better education with police. If you're trying to save somebody's life for crying out loud, back off a little bit. Catch the crook the next time." Anderson said users speak to one another, and if law enforcement is too aggressive, it might deter people from


3 (16 U.S.C. 1533) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(j) Independent Scientific Review Requirements.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Action.--The term `action' means-- ``(i) the determination that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species under subsection (a); ``(ii) the determination under subsection (a) that an endangered species or a threatened species be removed from any list published under subsection (c)(1); ``(iii) the development of a recovery plan for a threatened species or endangered species under subsection (f); and ``(iv) the determination that a proposed action is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species and the proposal of any reasonable and prudent alternatives by the Secretary under section 7(b)(3). ``(B) Qualified individual.--The term `qualified individual' means an individual with expertise in the biological sciences-- ``(i) who through publication of peer- reviewed scientific literature or other means, has demonstrated scientific expertise on the species or a similar species or other scientific expertise relevant to the decision of the Secretary under subsection (a) or (f); ``(ii) who does not have, or represent any person with, a conflict of interest with respect to the determination that is the subject of the review; ``(iii) who is not a participant in any petition or proposed or final determination before the Secretary; and ``(iv) who has no direct financial interest, and is not employed by any person with a direct financial interest, in opposing the action under consideration. ``(2) List of independent scientific reviewers.--The Secretary shall solicit recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences and develop and maintain a list of qualified reviewers to participate in independent scientific review actions. ``(3) Appointment of independent scientific reviewers.--(A) Before any action shall become final, the Secretary shall appoint randomly, from among the list prepared in accordance with this section, 3 qualified individuals who shall review and report to the Secretary on the scientific information and analyses on which the proposed action is based. ``(B) The selection and activities of the referees selected pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.). ``(C) Reviewers shall be compensated for conducting the independent review. ``(4) Opinion of peer reviewers.--Independent reviewers shall provide the Secretary, within 3 months, their opinion regarding all relevant scientific information and assumptions relating to the taxonomy, population models, and


We first reported evidence for differential rotation of Kappa1 Ceti in Paper I. In this paper we demonstrate that the differential rotation pattern closely matches that for the Sun. This result is based on additional MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) observations in 2004 and 2005, to complement the 2003 observations discussed in Paper I. Using StarSpotz, a program developed specifically to analyze MOST photometry, we have solved for k, the differential rotation coefficient, and P_{EQ}, the equatorial rotation period using the light curves from all three years. The spots range in latitude from 10 to 75 degrees and k = 0.090^{+0.006}_{-0.005} -- less than the solar value but consistent with the younger age of the star. k is also well constrained by the independent spectroscopic estimate of vsini. We demonstrate independently that the pattern of differential rotation with latitude in fact conforms to solar. Details are given of the parallel tempering formalism used in finding the most robust solution which gives P_{EQ} = 8.77^{+0.03}_{-0.04} days -- smaller than that usually adopted, implying an age < 750 My. Our values of P_{EQ} and k can explain the range of rotation periods determined by others by spots or activity at a variety of latitudes. Historically, Ca II activity seems to occur consistently between latitudes 50 and 60 degrees which might indicate a permanent magnetic feature. Knowledge of k and P_{EQ} are key to understanding the dynamo mechanism and rotation structure in the convective zone as well assessing age for solar-type stars. We recently published values of k and P_{EQ} for epsilon Eri based on MOST photometry and expect to analyze MOST light curves for several more spotted, solar-type stars.


John Stewart Bell's famous 1964 theorem is widely regarded as one of the most important developments in the foundations of physics. It has even been described as "the most profound discovery of science." Yet even as we approach the 50th anniversary of Bell's discovery, its meaning and implications remain controversial. Many textbooks and commentators report that Bell's theorem refutes the possibility (suggested especially by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935) of supplementing ordinary quantum theory with additional ("hidden") variables that might restore determinism and/or some notion of an observer-independent reality. On this view, Bell's theorem supports the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. Bell's own view of his theorem, however, was quite different. He instead took the theorem as establishing an "essential conflict" between the now well-tested empirical predictions of quantum theory and relativistic \emph{local causality}. The goal of the present paper is, in general, to make Bell's own views more widely known and, in particular, to explain in detail Bell's little-known mathematical formulation of the concept of relativistic local causality on which his theorem rests. We thus collect and organize many of Bell's crucial statements on these topics, which are scattered throughout his writings, into a self-contained, pedagogical discussion including elaborations of the concepts "beable", "completeness", and "causality" which figure in the formulation. We also show how local causality (as formulated by Bell) can be used to derive an empirically testable Bell-type inequality, and how it can be used to recapitulate the EPR argument.


of such Code. SEC. 3. FEE. (a) Requirement.--Effective 180 days after the transmittal to the Congress of the results of the study conducted under section 6(a), the Administrator shall require that a fee be assessed on the sale (including a sale through the Internet or a catalogue) to an end-user of any computer, monitor, or other electronic device designated by the Administrator under subsection (c). The Administrator shall establish procedures for the collection of such fee. The requirement under this subsection shall not apply to a sale by an end-user to a subsequent end-user. (b) Fee Amount.--The amount of the fee required under subsection (a) shall-- (1) be an amount sufficient to cover the costs of carrying out section 4(a) and subsection (c) of this section; (2) be uniform-- (A) for each computer with a central processing unit and monitor integrated in a single device; (B) for each central processing unit; (C) for each monitor; and (D) for each class of other devices designated by the Administrator under subsection (c); (3) not exceed $10 per computer, monitor, or other designated device; and (4) be clearly indicated on the label, external packing materials, or sales receipt of the computer, monitor, or device. (c) Administrative Costs.--Persons required by the Administrator to collect a fee under this section may retain 3 percent of amounts so collected to pay the costs of administering the fee collection program. (d) Exempted Sales.--The requirement of a fee under this section shall not apply to a sale of a used computer, monitor, or device by a nonprofit organization. (e) Additional Exemption.--The Administrator may exempt from the requirement of a fee under this section any sale made under a contract or an arrangement that the Administrator determines is likely to result in the maximum reuse of significant components of the computer, monitor, or device, and the disposal of the remaining components-- (1) in an environmentally sound and responsible manner; (2) without violation of any Federal or State law; and (3) without reliance on funding from State or local governments, when the computer, monitor, or device is no longer of use to the end- user. (f) Designation of Electronic Devices.--The Administrator may designate additional electronic devices to which the fee under subsection (a) shall apply if those electronic devices-- (1) contain a


(5) Determination of methods to prevent the regrowth and reintroduction of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive and to reestablish native species. (c) Report on Assessment.-- (1) Preparation and content.--The Secretaries shall prepare a report containing the results of the assessment. The report shall identify long-term management and funding strategies that could be implemented by Federal, State, Tribal, and private land managers and owners on all land management types to address the invasion of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive. The report shall also identify deficiencies or areas for further study and where actual field demonstrations would be useful in the control effort. (2) Submission.--The Secretaries shall submit the report to the Committee on Resources and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate. (d) Support for Identification of Long-Term Management and Funding Strategies.--The Secretaries may make grants to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or both) with an established background and expertise in the public policy issues associated with the control of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive to obtain technical experience, support, and recommendations related to the identification of the long-term management and funding strategies required to be included in the report under subsection (c)(1). Each grant awarded under this subsection may not be less than $250,000. SEC. 4. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR CONTROL OF SALT CEDAR AND RUSSIAN OLIVE IN WESTERN STATES. (a) Demonstration Projects.-- (1) Projects required.--Based on the results of the assessment and report in section 3, the Secretaries shall initiate a program of not fewer than three demonstration projects in the Western United States designed to address the deficiencies and areas for further study to address the invasion of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive, including the test of additional control methods, identified by the report. (2) Implementation.--The Secretaries may enter into an agreement with a State in the Western United States to carry out a demonstration project. If the Secretaries select a demonstration project for implementation on National Forest System lands, the Secretary of Agriculture shall be responsible for implementation of the project. (b) Elements of Projects.-- (1) Design and scale.--Each demonstration project shall be designed with integrated methods and adaptive management strategies and carried out over time frames and spatial scales large enough to accomplish the goals laid out in the report. (2) Scientific review.--Before being


this again, converting the project input range (A15:H16) to a Table (with headers). Then, enable the Total Row as you did for the category Table. You may or may not need a project row each week. You could have 0 rows or several, depending on the number of projects you worked on that pay period. The current project list has only two projects, so you'd have up to two rows for the given pay period. If you add a new project next week, you might have up to three rows in this Table. As you add projects using the data validation list, the Table, shown in Figure K, expands. As before, don't worry about Table formats just yet. Figure K This Table will adjust to the number of projects you work on during the pay period. 8. Category and project totals To add a column of category totals, select I8, click AutoSum, highlight B8:H8 and press Enter. Change the default header to Category Totals and increase the column width. Repeat this process to add project totals to the project Table. Be sure to highlight row 16 (AutoSum might try to sum values in column I). 9. Grand daily totals Presently, you have category and project weekly totals in column I and daily subtotals in row 13 and 17. You don't have a daily grand total. Insert two blank rows between row 5 and 7. Select B7 and enter the expression =Table4[[#Totals],[Sunday]]+Table3[[#Totals],[Sunday]] Copy it to C7:H7. Instead of entering those long references, you could click B15 and B19. Figure L shows the timesheet after disabling the gridlines and applying Table formats consistently to both Table objects. It's a bit odd to have grand totals at the top of the sheet, but this position allows the project Table to grow with impunity. Figure L The complete timesheet. 10. Business rules At this point, your sheet is functional, but there are some things you might want to add. If blank cells are problematic for your accounting system, add zeros to the input ranges in the category and project Table objects. To do so, enter a 0 into an empty cell and copy it to the Clipboard. Then, select B10:H14 (the category input range) and press F5. In the resulting dialog, click Special. Select the Blanks option and click


kneecap. He also missed 21 games last season and 47 in 2015-16. If Griffin isn't able to stay on the court, that big contract will become quite a burden for the Pistons — and even if he is healthy, Detroit may need to be creative to build a capable supporting cast around him and Drummond. Van Gundy already suggested that it will be hard for the Pistons to make another major move before this year's trade deadline next week. "If you look at our roster, and the fact that we gave up a pick and the whole thing, we don't have a ton of assets now to really do anything major," he said. "But it doesn't mean something couldn't come up." No matter how this deal turns out, it feels like a tipping point for Van Gundy, the kind of trade that could define his tenure in Detroit. The Pistons will have a hard time withstanding any significant decline in Griffin's performance, but if he remains the star he's been for much of his career, his arrival could be a big step in the right direction. "Since we've gotten here, all of our discussions have talked about, you know, how do you get that guy? How do you get the real superior talents in this league?" Van Gundy said. "You've got to have one of those guys." ___ More AP NBA: https://apnews.com/tag/NBAbasketball ___ Follow Noah Trister at www.Twitter.com/noahtrister


it can take on a different meaning if it's something that comes from the coach: "Well, this is how we treat women and girls, and it's OK to talk about it and have a healthy conversation about it." We've reached more than 800 male athletes. Q. What kinds of results have you seen? Hall-Jiran: A new project update on Safer Tomorrows shows really exciting outcomes. Forty-six percent fewer students in grades 9-12 have reported that someone forced them to do something sexual that they did not want to do. Violence-related suspensions and expulsions are down 42 percent. Physical fights in schools, down 24 percent. Those are pretty awesome numbers. Q. Were these findings based on before-and-after surveys? Hall-Jiran: Right. We used a lot of the surveys that were already done in the school system, and then compared the results as the project progressed. We also in Grand Forks region have the lowest levels of dating violence at 33 percent lower than the rest of the state. And that's since the project started; before it started, we were actually higher than the rest of the state. Haga: The brain science of all this is fascinating. It is a touchy-feely method, but it's also a scientific truth that something is happening to the brains of our children when trauma is happening. And there are methods that we can use, if we know what to do and what to look for, that can heal those harms and actually change their brain science and actually prepare them even better. Hall-Jiran: And that changes generations. As you know, when someone has unresolved trauma and then they parent, there's no way it doesn't affect their kids. So it just goes on and on. I see that at CVIC, and I'm sad, because i think we should have been there for those kids 25 years ago the way we are now.


GRB 060614 is a remarkable GRB observed by Swift with puzzling properties, which challenge current progenitor models. The lack of any bright SN down to very strict limits and the vanishing spectral lags are typical of short GRBs, strikingly at odds with the long (102s) duration of this event. Here we present spectral and temporal analysis of the Swift observations. We show that the burst presents standard optical, UV and X-ray afterglows. An achromatic break is observed simultaneously in optical and X-rays, at a time consistent with the break in the R-band light curve measured by the VLT. The achromatic behaviour and the consistent post-break decay slopes make GRB 060614 one of the best examples of a jet break for a Swift burst. The optical, UV and X-rays afterglow light curves have also an earlier break at ~30 ks. In the optical, there is strong spectral evolution around this break, suggesting the passage of a break frequency through the optical/UV band. The very blue spectrum at early times and the trend in the light curves (rising at low frequencies, and decaying at higher energies) suggest this may be the injection frequency. The early X-ray light curve is well interpreted as the X-ray counterpart of the burst extended emission. Spectral analysis of BAT/XRT data in the 80s overlap time show that the Ep of the burst has decreased to as low as 8keV at the beginning of the XRT observation. The Ep continues to decrease through the XRT energy band and exits it at about 500s after the trigger. The average Ep of the burst is likely < 24 keV but larger than 8 keV. The initial peak observed by BAT is however distinctly harder than the rest with Ep ~300 keV as measured by Konus Wind. Considering the time-averaged spectral properties, GRB 060614 is consistent with the Eiso-Ep_rest, Egamma-Ep_rest, and Liso-Ep correlations.


We report the identification of a recurrent ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), a highly absorbed X-ray source (possibly a background AGN), and a young supernova remnant near the center of the starburst galaxy M82. From a series of Chandra observations taken from 1999 to 2005, we found that the transient ULX first appeared in 1999 October. The source turned off in 2000 January, but later reappeared and has been active since then. The X-ray luminosity of this source varies from below the detection level (~2.5e38 erg/s) to its active state in between ~7e39 erg/s and 1.3e40 erg/s (in the 0.5-10 keV energy band) and shows unusual spectral changes. The X-ray spectra of some Chandra observations are best fitted with an absorbed power-law model with photon index ranging from 1.3 to 1.7. These spectra are similar to those of Galactic black hole binary candidates seen in the low/hard state except that a very hard spectrum was seen in one of the observations. By comparing with near infrared images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, the ULX is found to be located within a young star cluster. Radio imaging indicates that it is associated with a H II region. We suggest that the ULX is likely to be a > 100 solar mass intermediate-mass black hole in the low/hard state. In addition to the transient ULX, we also found a highly absorbed hard X-ray source which is likely to be an AGN and an ultraluminous X-ray emitting young supernova remnant which may be related to a 100-year old gamma-ray burst event, within 2 arcsec of the transient ULX.


To test whether the short GRB rates, redshift distribution and host galaxies are consistent with current theoretical predictions, we use avery large database of population synthesis calculations to examine BH-NS and NS-NS merger rates in the universe, factoring in (i) the star formation history of the universe, (ii) a heterogeneous population of star-forming galaxies, including spirals and ellipticals, and (iii) a simple flux-limited selection model for short GRB detection. When we require our models reproduce the known short GRB rates and redshift measurements (and, for NS-NS, the merger rates extrapolated from binary pulsars in the Galaxy), a small fraction of models reproduce all observations, both when we assume a NS-NS and a BH-NS origin for bursts. Most commonly models produce mergers preferentially in spiral galaxies if short GRBs arise from NS-NS mergers alone. Model universes where present-day binary mergers occur preferentially in elliptical galaxies necessarily include a significant fraction of binaries with long delay times between birth and merger (often $O(10{\rm Gyr})$). Though long delays occur, almost all of our models predict that a higher proportion of short GRBs should occur at moderate to high redshift (e.g., $z>1$) than has presently been observed, in agreement with recent observations which suggest a selection bias towards successful follow-up of low-redshift short GRBs. Finally, if only a fraction of BH-NS mergers have the right combination of masses and spins to make GRBs, then at best only a small fraction of BH-NS models could be consistent with all {\em current} available data. (Abridged)


A), the Administrator may consider, as a secondary consideration, likely technological feasibility in establishing and revising the national primary ambient air quality standard for the pollutant.''. (b) Timeline for Review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards.-- (1) 10-year cycle for all criteria air pollutants.--Section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409(d)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``five-year intervals'' and inserting ``10-year intervals''; and (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``five-year intervals'' and inserting ``10-year intervals''. (2) Cycle for next review of ozone criteria and standards.--Notwithstanding section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409(d)), the Administrator shall not-- (A) complete, before October 26, 2025, any review of the criteria for ozone published under section 108 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7408) or the national ambient air quality standard for ozone promulgated under section 109 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7409); or (B) propose, before October 26, 2025, any revisions to those criteria or standards. (c) Consideration of Adverse Public Health, Welfare, Social, Economic, or Energy Effects.--Section 109(d)(2) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409(d)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(D) Advice from scientific review committee.-- Before establishing or revising a national ambient air quality standard, the Administrator shall request, and the scientific review committee appointed under subparagraph (A) shall provide, advice under subparagraph (C)(iv) regarding any adverse public health, welfare, social, economic, or energy effects which may result from various strategies for attainment and maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard.''. (d) Timely Issuance of Implementing Regulations and Guidance.-- Section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Timely Issuance of Implementing Regulations and Guidance.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Best available control technology.--The term `best available control technology' has the meaning given that term in section 169. ``(B) Lowest achievable


We present deep polarimetric observations at 1420 MHz of the European Large Area ISO Survey North 1 region (ELAIS N1) as part of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Planck Deep Fields project. By combining closely spaced aperture synthesis fields, we image a region of 7.43 square degrees to a maximum sensitivity in Stokes Q and U of 78 microJy/beam, and detect 786 compact sources in Stokes I. Of these, 83 exhibit polarized emission. We find that the differential source counts (log N - log p) for polarized sources are nearly constant down to p > 500 microJy, and that these faint polarized radio sources are more highly polarized than the strong source population. The median fractional polarization is (4.8 +/- 0.7)% for polarized sources with Stokes I flux density between 1 and 30 mJy; approximately three times larger than sources with I > 100 mJy. The majority of the polarized sources have been identified with galaxies in the Spitzer Wide Area Infrared Extragalactic Survey (SWIRE) image of ELAIS N1. Most of the galaxies occupy regions in the IRAC 5.8/3.6 micron vs. 8.0/4.5 micron color-color diagram associated with dusty AGNs, or with ellipticals with an aging stellar population. A few host galaxies have colors that suggests significant PAH emission in the near-infrared. A small fraction, 12%, of the polarized sources are not detected in the SWIRE data. None of the polarized sources in our sample appears to be associated with an actively star-forming galaxy.


Very recently, we proposed the row-monomial distributed orthogonal space-time block codes (DOSTBCs) and showed that the row-monomial DOSTBCs achieved approximately twice higher bandwidth efficiency than the repetitionbased cooperative strategy [1]. However, we imposed two limitations on the row-monomial DOSTBCs. The first one was that the associated matrices of the codes must be row-monomial. The other was the assumption that the relays did not have any channel state information (CSI) of the channels from the source to the relays, although this CSI could be readily obtained at the relays without any additional pilot signals or any feedback overhead. In this paper, we first remove the row-monomial limitation; but keep the CSI limitation. In this case, we derive an upper bound of the data-rate of the DOSTBC and it is larger than that of the row-monomial DOSTBCs in [1]. Secondly, we abandon the CSI limitation; but keep the row-monomial limitation. Specifically, we propose the row-monomial DOSTBCs with channel phase information (DOSTBCs-CPI) and derive an upper bound of the data-rate of those codes. The rowmonomial DOSTBCs-CPI have higher data-rate than the DOSTBCs and the row-monomial DOSTBCs. Furthermore, we find the actual row-monomial DOSTBCs-CPI which achieve the upper bound of the data-rate.


head of an agency determines it is not practicable to provide an estimate of the number of individuals and beneficiaries served by the program-- ``(I) an explanation of why data regarding the number of such individuals and beneficiaries cannot be provided; and ``(II) a discussion of the measures that could be taken to gather the data required to provide such an estimate; and ``(iii) a description of-- ``(I) the Federal employees who administer the program, including the number of full-time equivalents with a pro rata estimate for full-time equivalents associated with multiple programs; and ``(II) other individuals whose salary is paid in part or full by the Federal Government through a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or another form of financial award or assistance who administer or assist in any way in administering the program, including the number of full-time equivalents, to the extent practicable; ``(G) links to any evaluation, assessment, or program performance reviews by the agency, an Inspector General, or the Government Accountability Office (including program performance reports required under section 1116) released during the preceding 5 years; and ``(H) to the extent practicable, financial and other information for each program activity required to be reported under the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note).''; and (5) by adding at the end the following: ``(4) Information for smaller programs.--Information for each program identified in the program inventory required under paragraph (2) for which there is more than $1,000,000 and not more than $10,000,000 in annual budget authority shall, at a minimum, include-- ``(A) an identification of the program activities that are aggregated, disaggregated, or consolidated as part of identifying programs; ``(B) for each program activity described in subparagraph (A), the amount of funding for the current fiscal year and previous 2 fiscal years; ``(C) an identification of the statutes that authorize the program and any major regulations specific to the program; ``(D) for any program that provides grants or other financial assistance to individuals or entities, a description of the individuals served by the program and beneficiaries who received financial assistance under the program for the most recent fiscal year; and ``(E) links to any evaluation, assessment, or program performance reviews by the agency, an Inspector General, or the Government Accountability Office (including program performance reports required under section 1116) released during the preceding 5 years.


Image via Jim Cooke/GMG When I was in my early twenties I dated a guy who was just a nightmare. He played games with my mind, going back and forth between making me feel like I was the best thing ever and then making me think I made him sick to his stomach. Emotionally, I was a wreck. But things never got physical. Except once. We fought, punches were thrown and I left his apartment in tears. My roommates found out and told my parents. My parents confronted me over it; I told them it was overblown and not a big deal and they never brought it up again. Considering that experience, I’m surprised I never talked to my step-daughter Lauren about abuse. Advertisement I started out writing this column thinking that I did a great job talking to Lauren about sex and relationships. Over the last few topics we’ve discussed, I realize I wasn’t as great about it as I thought I was. I didn’t mind talking about the nuts and bolts of sex. (This is the labia!) But I stopped short of a lot of the things that also matter—understanding orgasms and how to understand abuse and sexual assault. I was fine with the birds and the bees—not so much about the nitty gritty business. So finally, I talked to Lauren about her thoughts on why we never discussed domestic violence, why emotional abuse is much more rampant in her circle and—as always—why social media makes it all so much worse. I never talked to you about domestic violence. Nope, we never discussed it! Why do you think I didn’t bring it up? I think you thought it was a Thing that didn’t need to be said because of course that’s not okay. Which of course, is not how that works. Exactly. I think it was based on assumption. Also, we talked about general Not Okay Abuse stuff. Like bullies and stuff. And you probably felt like domestic violence was in that category. Before we move on, do we need to break out physical abuse from emotional abuse? Well, we can’t privilege one over the other. But we can usually see physical abuse while it’s hard to gauge how impactful emotional stuff can be. Even when it’s your own self being abused. Have you ever been physically abused by a partner? Physically? No. Never. I’ve experienced emotional abuse. What about your friends—what you know, of course. I don’t think so. Wait


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Broadband Antitrust Restoration and Reform Act''. SEC. 2. AMENDMENT TO THE CLAYTON ACT. The Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 28. COMPETITION IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES. ``(a) Application Prerequisite To Providing High Speed Data Service or Internet Backbone Service; Attorney General Reinstatement of Pro- Competitive Regulations.-- ``(1) Requirement to file application with attorney general of the united states.--A Bell operating company or an affiliate of a Bell operating company may not provide any interLATA service in any of its in-region States under the authority of any amendment to section 271 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 271) enacted after June 13, 2001-- ``(A) unless it files with the Attorney General of the United States an application to provide such service; and ``(B) until the Attorney General-- ``(i) approves such application before the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date such application is filed; or ``(ii) fails to approve or to disapprove such application during such 90-day period. ``(2) Authority of attorney general.--The Attorney General of the United States-- ``(A) may issue rules to establish requirements applicable to the form and contents of applications filed under paragraph (1); ``(B) may make recommendations to an applicant regarding-- ``(i) withdrawal of an application filed under paragraph (1); or ``(ii) filing of an application under paragraph (1), with or without modifications, subsequent to the withdrawal of an application filed under such paragraph; and ``(C) may not approve an application filed in compliance with this subsection if the Attorney General determines that the applicant-- ``(i) has monopoly power in the local exchange market; and ``(ii) is using or is likely to use its monopoly power in order to engage in exclusionary or other anticompetitive conduct. ``(3) Withdrawal of application.--An application filed under paragraph (1) may be withdrawn by the applicant at any time before the Attorney General approves or disapproves such application, but may not be modified after being filed. ``(4) Reinstatement of regulation.--If the Attorney General, sua sponte, determines that the conditions specified in paragraph (2)(C) have been met with respect to


conduct a study reviewing the various assessments that have been conducted by Federal agencies and others regarding the potential effects and costs of partially and fully removing the 4 lower Snake River dams. The Comptroller General's review shall include a comparison of the scope and methodologies used in, findings of, and recommendations made in those studies that have addressed any or all of the following: (1) The economic effects of dam removal and recovered Snake River salmon and steelhead populations for communities near the dams, for communities upstream from the dams, and for downstream and coastal communities, including downstream and coastal communities located within the boundaries of Alaska, California, and Canada. This analysis should include the impacts on commercial fishing, sport fishing, and nonfishing recreation such as boating and camping, including employment gains or losses that would result from removing the lower Snake River dams and replacing their energy, navigation, and water supply benefits in the most cost-effective manner. (2) The effects of dam removal on freight transportation, including-- (A) the feasibility, costs, and sufficiency of various alternative transportation configurations utilizing existing or upgraded railroads, highways, Columbia River barges, or other means; (B) the economic benefits and costs of various alternatives for replacing the dams' freight transportation benefits; (C) the environmental impact of shifting to such alternatives; (D) the means for mitigating any environmental harm that might be caused by the use of such alternatives; and (E) any development or expansion of such alternatives that would be required to continue transporting the same amount of cargo that is currently transported on the lower Snake River. (3) The effects of dam removal on irrigation, including the availability of alternatives to replace irrigation water or to extend irrigation pumps. (4) The effects of dam removal on energy production, including the regional effects of any changes in energy production, identification of alternative renewable energy sources or energy efficiency measures that could replace any loss in energy production, and the benefits and costs of such energy alternatives. (5) The economic effects of extinction of the salmon and steelhead populations in the Snake River. (b) Review of Dam Removal Engineering Cost Determinations by Corps of Engineers.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study reviewing and determining the accuracy of the engineering costs associated with dam removal as determined by the February 2002 Army Corps of Engineers Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement. (c) Reports.--Not later than 12 months


MELBOURNE, Australia (AP) — Once he'd become the first man to win 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the questions to Roger Federer shifted to another major milestone. The record for most major singles titles is 24, set by Margaret Court across the amateur and professional eras. Serena Williams set the Open era record last year when she beat her sister Venus in the Australian Open final for her 23rd major title. That win 12 months ago — Serena Williams' last before taking time out for her pregnancy and the birth last September of her daughter — coincided with Federer's drought-breaking triumph at Melbourne Park. Federer's win over Rafael Nadal in the 2017 final ended a Grand Slam drought dating back to Wimbledon in 2012. He followed that up by winning the Wimbledon title and finished last year at No. 2. Now that he has successfully defended a Grand Slam title for the first time in almost a decade — he won the U.S. Open five consecutive years from 2004 to 2008 (equaling his longest streak of five Wimbledon titles from 2003-7) — people are speculating about his chances of matching Court's record. "I didn't think 20 was ever possible, to be honest. But, no, I think it's too far," Federer said. "Those numbers are surreal. They're amazing. I'm very happy if it stays at 20. What a moment." Federer didn't hide his emotion after beating sixth-seeded Marin Cilic 6-2, 6-7 (5), 6-3, 3-6, 6-1 on Rod Laver Arena on Sunday night, shedding tears as he accepted the trophy. Even the great Laver, sitting in the crowd, was compelled to get a photo of it for posterity. At the age of 36 years, 173 days, Federer became the second-oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era after Ken Rosewall, who won the 1972 Australian Open at 37. The father-of-four said careful planning and staying injury-free could keep him in contention at the big tournaments. "I've won three Slams now in 12 months. I can't believe it myself," Federer said. "I've just got to keep a good schedule, stay hungry, then maybe good things can happen." Here's what


left knee while diving into the end zone for a touchdown that was called back because of a holding penalty. Wentz is scheduled to have an MRI on Monday to evaluate the severity of the injury. Two people familiar with the injury told Associated Press that Wentz tore his ACL and would be out for the season. The people did not want their names used because they were not authorized to discuss the injury. Other QBs hurt Sunday were Marcus Mariota of the Titans (knee) and Josh McCown of the Jets (hand). BIG BEN: Ben Roethlisberger became the first quarterback to throw for 500 yards in three games and the Steelers, after squandering an early 14-point lead, rallied from 11 down for a 39-38 win over Baltimore. Roethlisberger's numbers: 44 for 66 for 506 yards and two touchdowns. Roethlisberger's previous 500-yard games came in 2014 (522 yards vs. Colts) and 2009 (503 vs. Packers). SNOW DAY: Snowball fight! On a day like this, Bills linebacker Ryan Davis could hardly resist. Davis scooped up handfuls of the white stuff and started pelting teammates to celebrate a sack. It was one of dozens of must-see moments from Buffalo's 13-7 overtime win over Indianapolis that will be remembered for one thing: snow. Fans built snowmen in the stands, players did snow angels on the field and all 11 members of the Colts special teams — plus some sideline personnel who were later removed from the field by officials — had to kick away piles of ankle-high snow to clear a spot for Adam Vinatieri to try the game-tying extra point late in the fourth quarter. WALK-OFF WIN: Davante Adams closed out Green Bay's comeback win over the Browns in style. After catching the pass from Brett Hundley and spinning away, he scooted into the end zone, then kept right on running into the tunnel. Final score: Green Bay 27, Cleveland 21. It was Green Bay's second straight overtime win and it kept the Packers alive in the playoff hunt, at 7-6, with Aaron Rodgers rounding into health and possibly available to return next week. Oh, and poor Cleveland found yet another way to lose. The Browns led 21-7 with 13 minutes left, but fell to 0-13. FINE TIME: The NFL might be getting into


be debarred for at least 3 years from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in a program described in subsection (a) or to any Federal agency. ``(c) Waivers.--The Secretary may waive a debarment imposed under subsection (a) or (b) if the Secretary determines that debarment would-- ``(1) likely have a significant adverse effect on competition or prices in the relevant market or nationally; ``(2) seriously interfere with the ability of a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium to procure a needed product or commodity for a program described in subsection (a); ``(3) be unfair to a person, subsidiary corporation, affiliate, parent company, or local division of a corporation that is not involved in the improper activity that would otherwise result in the debarment; or ``(4) not be in the public interest. ``(d) Relationship to Other Authority.--A debarment imposed under this section shall not reduce or diminish the authority of a Federal, State, or local government agency or court to-- ``(1) penalize, fine, suspend, debar, or otherwise punish, in a civil or criminal action, a person or a principal or affiliate of the person; or ``(2) imprison, debar, suspend, fine, or otherwise punish a person or a principal or affiliate of the person. ``(e) Regulations.--The Secretary shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.''. (b) Implementation.-- (1) Application.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall not apply to a conviction that is based on an activity that took place prior to the date of enactment of this Act. (2) Regulations.--Not later than July 1, 1994, the Secretary of Agriculture shall amend the nonprocurement regulations established under part 3017 of chapter XXX of subtitle B of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, to conform with section 12A of the National School Lunch Act (as added by subsection (a)). (3) Consistent debarment policy.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Secretary of Defense, and such other officials as the Secretary of Agriculture determines are appropriate, shall advise the appropriate committees of Congress


s (b) and (c), the Secretary shall debar a person, and each principal and affiliate of the person, for at least 1 year from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in the school lunch program established under this Act, the school breakfast program established under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.), the special milk program established under section 3 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1772), or the summer food service program for children established under section 13 of this Act if the person, or a principal or affiliate of the person, is convicted, in connection with supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in any of the programs, or to any Federal agency, of-- ``(1) an anticompetitive activity, including bid-rigging, price-fixing, the allocation of customers between competitors, or other violation of Federal or State law related to protecting competition; ``(2) mail fraud, bribery, theft, or embezzlement; ``(3) making a false statement or claim; ``(4) making a false declaration before a grand jury; or ``(5) other obstruction of justice. ``(b) Subsequent Convictions.--Except as provided in subsection (c), if a person, or a principal or affiliate of the person, is convicted of an activity described in subsection (a) after having been previously debarred under this section, the person, and each principal and affiliate of the person, shall be debarred for at least 3 years from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in a program described in subsection (a) or to any Federal agency. ``(c) Waivers.--The Secretary may waive a debarment imposed under subsection (a) or (b) if the Secretary determines that debarment would-- ``(1) likely have a significant adverse effect on competition or prices in the relevant market or nationally; ``(2) seriously interfere with the ability of a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium to procure a needed product or commodity for a program described in subsection (a); ``(3)


Using SDSS I data, we have analysed the stellar distribution of the Leo II dwarf spheroidal galaxy (distance of 233 kpc) to search for evidence of tidal deformation. The existing SDSS photometric catalogue contains gaps in regions of high stellar crowding, hence we filled the area at the centre of Leo II using the DAOPHOT algorithm applied to the SDSS images. The combined DAOPHOT-SDSS dataset contains three-filter photometry over a 4x4 square degree region centred on Leo II. By defining a mask in three-filter colour-magnitude space, we removed the majority of foreground field stars. We have measured the following Leo II structural parameters: a core radius of r_c = 2.64 +/- 0.19 arcmin (178 +/- 13 pc), a tidal radius of r_t = 9.33 +/- 0.47 arcmin (632 +/- 32 pc) and a total V-band luminosity of L_V = (7.4 +/- 2.0) times 10^5 L_sun (M_V = -9.9 +/- 0.3). Our comprehensive analysis of the Leo II structure did not reveal any significant signs of tidal distortion. The internal structure of this object contains only mild isophotal twisting. A small overdensity was discovered appoximately 4.5 tidal radii from the Leo II centre, however we conclude it is unlikely to be material tidally stripped from Leo II based on its stellar population, and is most likely a foreground overdensity of stars. Our results indicate that the influence of the Galactic graviational field on the structure of Leo II has been relatively mild. We rederived the mass-to-light ratio of this system using existing kinematic data combined with our improved structural measurements, and favour the scenario in which Leo II is strongly dominated by dark matter with (M/L)_V ~ 100 in solar units.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Equitable Compensation Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds that-- (1) from 1927 to 1931, at the direction of Congress, the Corps of Engineers investigated the Columbia River and its tributaries to determine sites at which power could be produced at low cost; (2) under section 10(e) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 803(e)), when licenses are issued involving tribal land within an Indian reservation, a reasonable annual charge shall be fixed for the use of the land, subject to the approval of the Indian tribe having jurisdiction over the land; (3) in August 1933, the Columbia Basin Commission, an agency of the State of Washington, received a preliminary permit from the Federal Power Commission for water power development at the Grand Coulee site; (4) had the Columbia Basin Commission or a private entity developed the site, the Spokane Tribe would have been entitled to a reasonable annual charge for the use of the land of the Spokane Tribe; (5) in the mid-1930s, the Federal Government, which is not subject to licensing under the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 792 et seq.)-- (A) federalized the Grand Coulee Dam project; and (B) began construction of the Grand Coulee Dam; (6) when the Grand Coulee Dam project was federalized, the Federal Government recognized that-- (A) development of the project affected the interests of the Spokane Tribe and the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation; and (B) it would be appropriate for the Spokane and Colville Tribes to receive a share of revenue from the disposition of power produced at Grand Coulee Dam; (7) in the Act of June 29, 1940 (16 U.S.C. 835d et seq.), Congress-- (A) granted to the United States-- (i) in aid of the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Columbia Basin Project, all the right, title, and interest of the Spokane Tribe and Colville Tribes in and to the tribal and allotted land within the Spokane and Colville Reservations, as designated by the Secretary of the Interior from time to time; and (ii) other interests in that land as required and as designated by the Secretary for certain construction activities undertaken in connection


WASHINGTON (AP) — The Federal Reserve's first meeting under Jerome Powell's leadership will likely end Wednesday with an announcement that the Fed will resume its modest interest rate hikes. But investors will be most attuned to what Powell signals at his first news conference about whether and how he might steer the Fed's policymaking differently from his predecessor, Janet Yellen. Will he, for example, be inclined to step up the pace of Fed rate hikes? Powell hasn't yet tipped his hand. Speaking to Congress last month, the new chairman said his "personal outlook" on the economy had strengthened since December, when the Fed's policymakers collectively forecast three rate hikes for 2018, the same as in 2017. That comment helped send stocks tumbling because it suggested that the Fed might be about to accelerate the gradual pace it had pursued under Yellen. More aggressive rate increases would likely slow the economy and make stocks less appealing. Yet when he testified to Congress again two days later, Powell tempered his view: He stressed that the Fed still thinks it has room to maintain a moderate pace of rate hikes, in part to allow Americans' average wages, which have stagnated for years, to pick up. The impression was that he might not favor raising rates faster than Yellen did after all — at least not yet. That said, few doubt that the Fed will announce when its policy meeting concludes that it will resume raising rates, after having most recently done so in December. A healthy job market and a steady if unspectacular economy have given the Fed the confidence to think the economy can withstand further increases within a still historically low range of borrowing rates. The financial markets have been edgy for weeks, and Powell's back-and-forth comments have been only one factor. A sharp rise in wage growth reported in the government's January jobs report triggered fears that higher labor costs would lead to higher inflation and, ultimately, to higher interest rates. Stocks sank on the news. But subsequent reports on wages and inflation have been milder, and the markets appear to have stabilized. The February jobs report pointed to an unusually robust labor market: Employers added 313,000 jobs, the largest monthly gain in 1½ years. The unemployment rate remained at a 17-year low of 4.1 percent. Other measures of the economy, though, have been more sluggish. Consumer spending, the economy's primary fuel, has slowed this year and has led many economists to downgrade their forecasts for growth


for widespread human rights abuses, including killings and the diversion of food supplies resulting in the displacement of thousands of persons.'' (11) In June 2007, in response to this violence, including the deadly April 2007 attacks on a Chinese oil exploration site in the Ogaden and at a May 2007 political rally, the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi, announced that the Government of Ethiopia was launching a ``political and military operation to contain the activities of the ONLF,'' which, according to credible reports, has resulted in the displacement of thousands of civilians to government-designated ``protection zones,'' while thousands more have fled across Ethiopia's borders. (12) Although the Government of Ethiopia has legitimate security concerns in the Ogaden, and, according to the Department of State's 2007 Country Report on Terrorism, ``Ethiopian forces [also] countered Somali-based extremists who attempted to conduct attacks inside Ethiopia,'' a number of credible media accounts, human rights organizations, and humanitarian agencies have documented the ENDF's unjustifiably brutal tactics against its own citizens there, as has been previously been reported in other regions of the country including Oromiya, Amhara, and Gambella. (13) In May 2008, the Government of Ethiopia circulated a draft law that claims to be a tool to enhance the transparency and accountability of civil society organizations, but if enacted, is instead likely to create a complex web of onerous bureaucratic hurdles, draconian criminal penalties, and intrusive powers of surveillance that would further decrease the political space available for civil society activities. SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. It is the policy of the United States-- (1) to support the efforts by the people and Government of Ethiopia-- (A) to achieve a participatory multiparty democracy, an active and unhindered civil society, rule of law and accountability, judicial capacity and independence, freedom of the press, respect for human rights, and economic development; and (B) to combat extremism and terrorism in their country and the region; (2) to promote stability, democracy, accountability, social and economic development, human and political rights, humanitarian assistance, the rule of law and accountability, and counterterrorism efforts in Ethiopia and the wider Horn of Africa; (3) to seek the unconditional release of all political prisoners and prisoners of conscience in Ethiopia; (4) to prohibit United States funding to any unit of the Ethiopian security forces if there is credible


Belle Collaboration has recently observed a new state, the X(4160), in the process of double charm production $e^+e^-\to J/\psi+X(4160)$ followed by $X(4160)\to D^*\bar{D^*}$. We discuss possible interpretations for the X(4160) based on the NRQCD calculations and the potential model estimates for the charmonium spectrum. We first focus on the D-wave spin-singlet $2^{-+}$ charmonium $^1D_2(2D)$, which is estimated to have a small production rate of about 5% of that for $e^+e^-\to J/\psi+\eta_c(1S)$, and therefore is incompatible with the observed data for X(4160). We then discuss the possibility that the X(4160) is the known $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ charmonium state $\psi(4160)$, which can be produced via two photon fragmentation, but the production rate is much smaller than observed for $e^+e^-\to J/\psi+X(4160)$. In contrast to above two possibilities, the $\eta_c(4S)$ assignment is a likely one, which is supported by the observed relatively large production rate and non-observation of $D\bar D$ decay of X(4160), but we have to understand why $\eta_c(4S)$ has such a low mass, which deserves further studies. The P-wave excited state $\chi_{c0}(3P)$ is also an interesting candidate, if the observed broad peak around 3.8-3.9 GeV in the recoil mass of $D\bar D$ against $J/\psi$ in $e^++e^-\to J/\psi+D\bar D$ is due to the $\chi_{c0}(2P)$ state. Measurements of production angular distributions will be helpful to distinguish between $\eta_c(4S)$ and $\chi_{c0}(3P)$ assignments. Production mechanisms in nonrelativistic QCD are emphasized.


We present a Spitzer based census of the IC 348 nebula and embedded star cluster. Our Spitzer census supplemented by ground based spectra has added 42 class II T-Tauri sources to the cluster membership and identified ~20 class 0/I protostars. The population of IC 348 likely exceeds 400 sources after accounting statistically for unidentified diskless members. Our Spitzer census of IC 348 reveals a population of protostars that is anti-correlated spatially with the T-Tauri members, which comprise the centrally condensed cluster around a B star. The protostars are instead found mostly at the cluster periphery about 1 pc from the B star and spread out along a filamentary ridge. We find that the star formation rate in this protostellar ridge is consistent with that rate which built the exposed cluster while the presence of fifteen cold, starless, millimeter cores intermingled with this protostellar population indicates that the IC 348 nebula has yet to finish forming stars. We show that the IC 348 cluster is of order 3-5 crossing times old, and, as evidenced by its smooth radial profile and confirmed mass segregation, is likely relaxed. While it seems apparent that the current cluster configuration is the result of dynamical evolution and its primordial structure has been erased, our findings support a model where embedded clusters are built up from numerous smaller sub-clusters. Finally, the results of our Spitzer census indicate that the supposition that star formation must progress rapidly in a dark cloud should not preclude these observations that show it can be relatively long lived.


We have constructed a detailed radiative transfer disk model which reproduces the main features of the spectrum of the outbursting young stellar object FU Orionis from ~ 4000 angstrom, to ~ 8 micron. Using an estimated visual extinction Av~1.5, a steady disk model with a central star mass ~0.3 Msun and a mass accretion rate ~ 2e-4 Msun/yr, we can reproduce the spectral energy distribution of FU Ori quite well. With the mid-infrared spectrum obtained by the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we estimate that the outer radius of the hot, rapidly accreting inner disk is ~ 1 AU using disk models truncated at this outer radius. Inclusion of radiation from a cooler irradiated outer disk might reduce the outer limit of the hot inner disk to ~ 0.5 AU. In either case, the radius is inconsistent with a pure thermal instability model for the outburst. Our radiative transfer model implies that the central disk temperature Tc > 1000 K out to ~ 0.5 - 1 AU, suggesting that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) can be supported out to that distance. Assuming that the ~ 100 yr decay timescale in brightness of FU Ori represents the viscous timescale of the hot inner disk, we estimate the viscosity parameter (alpha) to be ~ 0.2 - 0.02 in the outburst state, consistent with numerical simulations of MRI in disks. The radial extent of the high mass accretion region is inconsistent with the model of Bell & Lin, but may be consistent with theories incorporating both gravitational instability and MRI.


Up till now very few dying sources were known, presumably because the dying phase is short at centimeter wavelengths. We therefore have tried to improve the statistics on sources that have ceased to be active, or are intermittently active. The latter sources would partly consist of a fossil radio plasma left over from an earlier phase of activity, plus a recently restarted core and radio jets. Improving the statistics of dying sources will give us a better handle on the evolution of radio sources, in particular the frequency and time scales of radio activity. We have used the WENSS and NVSS surveys, in order to find sources with steep spectral indices, associated with nearby elliptical galaxies. In the cross correlation we presently used only unresolved sources, with flux densities at 1.4 GHz larger than 10 mJy. The eleven candidates thus obtained were observed with the VLA in various configurations, in order to confirm the steepness of the spectra, and to check whether active structures like flat-spectrum cores and jets are present, perhaps at low levels. We estimated the duration of the active and relic phases by modelling the integrated radio spectra using the standard models of spectral evolution. We have found six dying sources and three restarted sources, while the remaining two candidates remain unresolved also with the new VLA data and may be Compact Steep Spectrum sources, with an unusually steep spectrum. The typical age of the active phase, as derived by spectral fits, is in the range 10^7 - 10^8 years. For our sample of dying sources, the age of the relic phase is on average shorter by an order of magnitude than the active phase.


the implications, if any, of those strengths or weaknesses for the rulemaking. SEC. 4. PILOT PROJECT FOR REPORT ON RULES. (a) In General.-- (1) Request for review.--When an agency publishes an economically significant rule, a chairman or ranking member of a committee of jurisdiction of either House of Congress may request the Comptroller General of the United States to review the rule. (2) Report.--The Comptroller General shall submit a report on each economically significant rule selected under paragraph (4) to the committees of jurisdiction in each House of Congress not later than 180 calendar days after a committee request is received, or in the case of a committee request for review of a notice of proposed rulemaking or an interim final rulemaking, by the end of the period for submission of comment regarding the rulemaking, if practicable. The report shall include an independent evaluation of the economically significant rule by the Comptroller General. (3) Independent evaluation.--The independent evaluation of the economically significant rule by the Comptroller General under paragraph (2) shall include-- (A) an evaluation of an agency's analysis of the potential benefits of the rule, including any beneficial effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to receive the benefits; (B) an evaluation of an agency's analysis of the potential costs of the rule, including any adverse effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to bear the costs; (C) an evaluation of an agency's analysis of alternative approaches set forth in the notice of proposed rulemaking and in the rulemaking record, as well as of any regulatory impact analysis, federalism assessment, or other analysis or assessment prepared by the agency or required for the economically significant rule; and (D) a summary of the results of the evaluation of the Comptroller General and the implications of those results. (4) Procedures for priorities of requests.--The Comptroller General shall have discretion to develop procedures for determining the priority and number of requests for review under paragraph (1) for which a report will be submitted under paragraph (2). (b) Authority of Comptroller General.--Each agency shall promptly cooperate with the Comptroller General in carrying out this Act. Nothing in this Act is intended to expand or limit the authority of the General Accounting Office. SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There


We present the results of an interferometric study of the N2H+(1--0) emission from nine nearby, isolated, low-mass protostellar cores, using the OVRO millimeter array. The main goal of this study is the kinematic characterization of the cores in terms of rotation, turbulence, and fragmentation. Eight of the nine objects have compact N2H+ cores with FWHM radii of 1200 -- 3500 AU, spatially coinciding with the thermal dust continuum emission. The only more evolved (Class I) object in the sample (CB 188) shows only faint and extended N2H+ emission. The mean N2H+ line width was found to be 0.37 km/s. Estimated virial masses range from 0.3 to 1.2 M_sun. We find that thermal and turbulent energy support are about equally important in these cores, while rotational support is negligible. The measured velocity gradients across the cores range from 6 to 24 km/s/pc. Assuming these gradients are produced by bulk rotation, we find that the specific angular momenta of the observed Class 0 protostellar cores are intermediate between those of dense (prestellar) molecular cloud cores and the orbital angular momenta of wide PMS binary systems. There appears to be no evolution (decrease) of angular momentum from the smallest prestellar cores via protostellar cores to wide PMS binary systems. In the context that most protostellar cores are assumed to fragment and form binary stars, this means that most of the angular momentum contained in the collapse region is transformed into orbital angular momentum of the resulting stellar binary systems.


Services (CMS) 2009 Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) addresses overall treatment planning or follow-up care planning for cancer patients. SEC. 3. MEDICARE QUALITY CANCER CARE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this section referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall establish a quality cancer care demonstration project under this section (in this section referred to as the ``QCCD project'') for the purpose of establishing quality metrics and aligning Medicare payment incentives in the areas of treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. (b) Test Metrics and Reporting Systems Through a Pay-For-Reporting Incentive Program.--Under the QCCD project, the Secretary shall do the following: (1) Identify and address gaps in current quality measures related to the areas of active treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning by refining the performance measures described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (d) relating to active treatment planning and follow-up cancer planning for clinician-level reporting. (2) Use quality assessment programs of oncology professional societies to report quality data to the extent feasible and explore the potential to report quality data through other registries and other electronic means for treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning, including identifying data elements necessary to measure quality of treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning and determine how those elements could be collected through claims data or registries or other electronic means. (3) Test and validate identified treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning quality measures through a pay- for-reporting program with oncologists, which program-- (A) ensures that oncologists are able to accurately report on measures through simple HCPCS coding mechanisms; and (B) tests processes of submitting treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning measures through registries or other electronic means. (c) Incentive Payment.-- (1) In general.--Under the QCCD project, the Secretary shall provide for a separate payment under section 1848 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-4), to be divided into a baseline payment amount and an additional payment amount, as specified by the Secretary, for a treatment planning code and follow-up cancer care planning code. The amount of such payments under the project shall be designed to total $300,000,000 each year. Payments under the project shall be designed to


We demonstrate an efficient scheme for continuous trap loading based upon spatially selective optical pumping. We discuss the case of $^{1}$S$_{0}$ calcium atoms in an optical dipole trap (ODT), however, similar strategies should be applicable to a wide range of atomic species. Our starting point is a reservoir of moderately cold ($\approx 300 \mu$K) metastable $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms prepared by means of a magneto-optic trap (triplet-MOT). A focused 532 nm laser beam produces a strongly elongated optical potential for $^{1}$S$_{0}$-atoms with up to 350 $\mu$K well depth. A weak focused laser beam at 430 nm, carefully superimposed upon the ODT beam, selectively pumps the $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms inside the capture volume to the singlet state, where they are confined by the ODT. The triplet-MOT perpetually refills the capture volume with $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms thus providing a continuous stream of cold atoms into the ODT at a rate of $10^7 $s$^{-1}$. Limited by evaporation loss, in 200 ms we typically load $5 \times 10^5$ atoms with an initial radial temperature of 85 $\mu$K. After terminating the loading we observe evaporation during 50 ms leaving us with $10^5$ atoms at radial temperatures close to 40 $\mu$K and a peak phase space density of $6.8 \times 10^{-5}$. We point out that a comparable scheme could be employed to load a dipole trap with $^{3}$P$_{0}$-atoms.


Just like the vector bosons in Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories, gravitons can attain mass by spontaneous local symmetry breaking. The question is whether this can happen in a Lorentz-invariant way. We consider the use of four scalar fields that break coordinate reparametrization invariance, by playing the role of preferred flat coordinates x, y, z, and t. In the unbroken representation, the theory has a (negative) cosmological constant, which is tuned to zero by the scalars in the broken phase. Massive spin 2 bosons and a single massive scalar survive. The theory is not renormalizable, so at best it can be viewed as an effective field theory for massive spin 2 particles. One may think of applications in cosmology, but a more tantalizing idea is to apply it to string theory approaches to QCD: if the gluon sector is to be described by a compactified 26 or 10 dimensional bosonic string theory, then the ideas considered here could be used to describe the mechanism that removes a massless or tachyonic scalar and provides mass to the spin 2 glueball states. The delicate problem of removing indefinite metric and/or negative energy states is addressed. The scalar particle has negative metric, so that unitarity demands that only states with an even number of them are allowed. Various ways are considered to adapt the matter section of the theory such that matter only couples to positive metric states, and we succeed in suppressing the main contributions to unitarity-violating amplitudes, but the exact restoration of unitarity in the spinless sector will continue to be a delicate issue in theories of this sort.


by over 1,000 North Korean soldiers who had infiltrated through the front lines without being detected and the 65th Infantry Regiment rallied, attacked, and subsequently destroyed the North Korean force, thereby saving the commanding officer and staff of the 3d Infantry Division from death or capture. (6) For their heroism in battle, the soldiers of the 65th Infantry Division were showered with many accolades but for them perhaps the most significant and meaningful came in the form of a letter from the commander of the United Nations forces in Korea, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur which read in part as follows: ``The Puerto Ricans forming the ranks of the gallant 65th Infantry Division on the battlefields of Korea by valor, determination and a resolute will to victory give daily testament to their invincible loyalty to the United States and the fervor of their devotion to those immutable standards of human relations to which the Americans and the Puerto Ricans are in common dedicated. They are writing a brilliant record of achievement in battle and I am proud indeed to have them in this command. I wish that we might have many more like them.''. SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS. (a) $1 Silver Coins.--In commemoration of all the Puerto Ricans in the 65th Infantry Regiment of the United States Army who fought in the Korean conflict, the Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall mint and issue not more than 60,000 1 dollar coins, which shall-- (1) weigh 26.73 grams; (2) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and (3) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. (b) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code. (c) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered to be numismatic items. SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION. The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under this Act only from stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act. SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS. (a) Design Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this


authentication feature' means any hologram, watermark, certification, symbol, code, image, sequence of numbers or letters, or other physical feature that either individually or in combination with another feature is used by the respective copyright owner to verify that a phonorecord, a copy of a computer program, a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, or documentation or packaging is not counterfeit or otherwise infringing of any copyright; ``(5) the term `documentation or packaging' means documentation or packaging for a phonorecord, copy of a computer program, or copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; and ``(6) the term `illicit authentication feature' means an authentication feature, that-- ``(A) without the authorization of the respective copyright owner has been tampered with or altered so as to facilitate the reproduction or distribution of-- ``(i) a phonorecord; ``(ii) a copy of a computer program; ``(iii) a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; or ``(iv) documentation or packaging; in violation of the rights of the copyright owner under title 17; ``(B) is genuine, but has been distributed, or is intended for distribution, without the authorization of the respective copyright owner; or ``(C) appears to be genuine, but is not.''; (4) in subsection (c)-- (A) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following: ``(3) the counterfeit label or illicit authentication feature is affixed to, is embedded in, or encloses, or is designed to be affixed to, to be embedded in, or to enclose-- ``(A) a phonorecord of a copyrighted sound recording; ``(B) a copy of a copyrighted computer program; ``(C) a copy of a copyrighted motion picture or other audiovisual work; or ``(D) documentation or packaging; or''; and (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``for a computer program''; (5) in subsection (d)-- (A) by inserting ``or illicit authentication features'' after ``counterfeit labels'' each place it appears; (B) by inserting ``or illicit authentication features'' after ``such labels''; and (C) by inserting before the period at the end the following: ``, and of any equipment, device, or materials used to manufacture, reproduce, or assemble the counterfeit labels or illicit authentication features''; and (6) by adding at the end the following


Using deep NIR VLT/ISAAC and optical HST/WFPC2 imaging in the fields of the HDFS and MS1054-03, we study the rest-frame UV-to-optical colors and magnitudes of galaxies to z~3. While there is no evidence for a red sequence at z~3, there does appear to be a well-defined color-magnitude relation (CMR) for blue galaxies at all redshifts, with more luminous galaxies having redder U-V colors. The slope of the blue CMR is independent of redshift d(U-V)/dMV = -0.09 (0.01) and can be explained by a correlation of dust-reddening with luminosity. The average color at fixed luminosity reddens strongly \Delta(U-V) = 0.75 from z~3 to z=0, much of which can be attributed to aging of the stars. The color scatter of the blue sequence is relatively small sigma(U-V) = 0.25 (0.03) and constant to z~3, but notably asymmetrical with a sharp blue ridge and a wing towards redder colors. We explore sets of star formation histories to study the constraints placed by the shape of the scatter at z=2-3. One particular set of models, episodic star formation, reproduces the detailed properties very well. For a two-state model with high and low star formation, the duty cycle is constrained to be > 40% and the contrast between the states must be a factor > 5 (or a scatter in log(SFR) of > 0.35 dex around the mean). However, episodic models do not explain the observed tail of very red galaxies, primarily Distant Red Galaxies (DRGs), which may have ceased star formation altogether or are more heavily obscured. Finally, the relative number density of red, luminous MV < -20.5 galaxies increases by a factor of ~ 6 from z = 2.7 to z = 0.5, as does their contribution to the total rest-frame V-band luminosity density. We are likely viewing the progressive formation of red, passively evolving galaxies.


We study the evolution of the Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs) emitters across the illuminated edge of the Horsehead nebula and especially their survival and properties in the HII region. We present spectral mapping observations taken with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) at wavelengths 5.2-38 microns. A strong AIB at 11.3 microns is detected in the HII region, relative to the other AIBs at 6.2, 7.7 and 8.6 microns. The intensity of this band appears to be correlated with the intensity of the [NeII] at 12.8 microns and of Halpha, which shows that the emitters of the 11.3 microns band are located in the ionised gas. The survival of PAHs in the HII region could be due to the moderate intensity of the radiation field (G0 about 100) and the lack of photons with energy above about 25eV. The enhancement of the intensity of the 11.3 microns band in the HII region, relative to the other AIBs can be explained by the presence of neutral PAHs. Our observations highlight a transition region between ionised and neutral PAHs observed with ideal conditions in our Galaxy. A scenario where PAHs can survive in HII regions and be significantly neutral could explain the detection of a prominent 11.3 microns band in other Spitzer observations.


percent of high school seniors reported having been drunk by eighth grade, 30 percent by ninth grade, 43 percent by tenth grade, and 60 percent by twelfth grade. Studies demonstrate that the use of alcohol before the age of 15 appears to be one of the predictors of later heavy alcohol and other drug use. (5) According to a national survey on youth and alcohol (Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, 1991), the average binge drinker is a 16 year-old male in the tenth grade who was 12 years old when he took his first drink. (6) Young people are not well informed about the hazards of alcohol use. More than one quarter of high school seniors do not view taking one or two drinks nearly every day as entailing great risk. Approximately 45 percent of eighth graders, 47 percent of tenth graders, and 53 percent of twelfth graders do not perceive having 5 or more drinks once or twice a weekend as entailing a great risk (1995 ``Monitoring the Future'' survey). More than 2.6 million students do not know a person can die from an overdose of alcohol. A projected 259,000 students think that wine coolers or beer cannot get a person drunk, make a person sick, or do as much harm as other alcoholic beverages (Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, 1991). (7) According to Healthy People 2000, the National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives-- (A) nearly one-half of all deaths from motor vehicle crashes are alcohol-related; (B) alcohol is implicated in nearly one-half of all fatal intentional injuries such as suicides and homicides; and (C) victims are intoxicated in approximately one- third of all homicides, drownings, and boating deaths. (8) An estimated 25 percent of all hospitalized persons have alcohol-related problems. (9) Alcohol in combination with other drugs is the leading cause of emergency room drug abuse episodes. (10) In 1995, chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, was the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Of 41,000 deaths attributed to liver disease in the United States, 46 percent diagnostically were associated with alcohol. Heavy alcohol use is considered the most important risk factor for chronic liver disease. Even among liver disease deaths not coded as alcohol-related, approximately 50 percent are thought to