{"id": "hedging_test_1_00000", "text": "%Context: {Previous studies have indicated that the 372.4 GHz ground transition of ortho-H$_2$D$^+$ might be a powerful probe of Proto-Planetary Disks. The line could be especially suited for study of the disk mid-plane, where the bulk of the mass resides and where planet formation takes place.} %Aims: {Provide detailed theoretical predictions for the line intensity, profile and maps expected for representative disk models.} %Methods: {We determine the physical and chemical structure of the disks from the model developed by Ceccarelli & Dominik (2005). The line emission is computed with the new radiative transfer method developed recently by Elitzur & Asensio Ramos (2006).} %Results: {We present intensity maps convolved with the expected ALMA resolution, which delineate the origin of the H$_2$D$^+$ 372.4 GHz line. In the disk inner regions, the line probes the conditions in the mid-plane out to radial distances of a few tens of AU, where Solar-like planetary systems might form. In the disk outermost regions, the line originates from slightly above the mid-plane. When the disk is spatially resolved, the variation of line profile across the image provides important information about the velocity field. Spectral profiles of the entire disk flux show a double peak shape at most inclination angles.} %Conclusions: {Our study confirms that the 372.4 GHz H$_2$D$^+$ line provides powerful diagnostics of the mid-plane of Proto-Planetary Disks. Current submillimeter telescopes are capable of observing this line, though with some difficulties. The future ALMA interferometer will have the sensitivity to observe and even spatially resolve the H$_2$D$^+$ line emission.}", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00227", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00001", "text": "We present the results of a VLA and OVRO-MMA follow-up to our single-dish surveys of the neutral atomic and molecular gas in a sample of nearby Luminous Compact Blue Galaxies (LCBGs). These luminous, blue, high surface brightness, starbursting galaxies were selected using criteria similar to that used to define LCBGs at higher redshifts. The surveys were undertaken to study the nature and evolutionary possibilities of LCBGs, using dynamical masses and gas depletion time scales as constraints. Here we present nearly resolved VLA H I maps of four LCBGs, as well as results from the literature for a fifth LCBG. In addition, we present OVRO-MMA maps of CO(J=1-0) in two of these LCBGs. We have used the resolved H I maps to separate the H I emission from target galaxies and their companions to improve the accuracy of our gas and dynamical mass estimates. For this sub-sample of LCBGs, we find that the dynamical masses measured with the single-dish telescope and interferometer are in agreement. However, we find that we have overestimated the mass of H I in two galaxies by a significant amount, possibly as much as 75%, when compared to the single-dish estimates. These two galaxies have companions within a few arc minutes; we find that our single-dish and interferometric measurements of H I masses are in reasonable agreement for galaxies with more distant companions. The H I velocity fields indicate that all five galaxies are clearly rotating yet distorted, likely due to recent interactions. Our measurements of the gas and dynamical masses of LCBGs point towards evolution into low mass galaxies such as dwarf ellipticals, irregulars, and low mass spirals, consistent with studies of LCBGs at higher redshifts.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 370, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00481", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00002", "text": ") After-school programs reduce teen risky behavior by involving teens in activities that provide alternatives to sex. Teenage girls who play sports, for instance, are more likely to delay sex and have fewer partners and less likely to become pregnant. (10) After-school programs help prevent teen pregnancy by advancing good decision-making skills and providing teens health education and positive role models in a supervised setting. (11) 8 in 10 girls and 6 in 10 boys report that they wish they had waited until they were older to have sex. SEC. 3. EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PREVENTING TEEN PREGNANCIES. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this Act as the ``Secretary'') may make grants to local educational agencies, State and local public health agencies, and nonprofit private entities for the purpose of carrying out projects to provide education on preventing teen pregnancies. (b) Preference in Making Grants.--In making grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give preference to applicants that will carry out the projects under such subsection in communities for which the rate of teen pregnancy is significantly above the average rate in the United States of such pregnancies. (c) Certain Requirements.--A grant may be made under subsection (a) only if the applicant for the grant meets the following conditions with respect to the project involved: (1) The applicant agrees that information provided by the project on pregnancy prevention will be age-appropriate, factually and medically accurate and complete, and scientifically-based. (2) The applicant agrees that the project will give priority to preventing teen pregnancies by-- (A) encouraging teens to delay sexual activity; (B) providing educational services and referrals for sexually active teens or teens at risk of becoming sexually active; (C) educating both young men and women about the responsibilities and pressures that come along with parenting; (D) helping parents communicate with teens about sexuality; or (E) teaching young people responsible decision- making. (d) Matching Funds.-- (1) In general.--With respect to the costs of the project to be carried out under subsection (a) by an applicant, a grant may be made under such subsection only if the applicant agrees to make available (directly or through donations from public or private entities) non-Federal contributions toward such costs in an amount that is not less than 25 percent of such costs ($1 for each $3 of Federal funds provided in the grant). (2)", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01032", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00003", "text": "In this article we develop quantum algorithms for learning and testing juntas, i.e. Boolean functions which depend only on an unknown set of k out of n input variables. Our aim is to develop efficient algorithms: - whose sample complexity has no dependence on n, the dimension of the domain the Boolean functions are defined over; - with no access to any classical or quantum membership (\"black-box\") queries. Instead, our algorithms use only classical examples generated uniformly at random and fixed quantum superpositions of such classical examples; - which require only a few quantum examples but possibly many classical random examples (which are considered quite \"cheap\" relative to quantum examples). Our quantum algorithms are based on a subroutine FS which enables sampling according to the Fourier spectrum of f; the FS subroutine was used in earlier work of Bshouty and Jackson on quantum learning. Our results are as follows: - We give an algorithm for testing k-juntas to accuracy $\\epsilon$ that uses $O(k/\\epsilon)$ quantum examples. This improves on the number of examples used by the best known classical algorithm. - We establish the following lower bound: any FS-based k-junta testing algorithm requires $\\Omega(\\sqrt{k})$ queries. - We give an algorithm for learning $k$-juntas to accuracy $\\epsilon$ that uses $O(\\epsilon^{-1} k\\log k)$ quantum examples and $O(2^k \\log(1/\\epsilon))$ random examples. We show that this learning algorithms is close to optimal by giving a related lower bound.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 310, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00391", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00004", "text": "New HI images from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey (VGPS) show clear absorption features associated with the supernova remnant (SNR) G18.8+0.3. High-resolution $^{13}$CO images reveal that molecular clouds overlap the radio filaments of G18.8+0.3. The $^{13}$CO emission spectrum over the full velocity range in the direction of G18.8+0.3 shows two molecular components with high brightness-temperatureand three molecular components with low brightness-temperature, all with respective HI absorption. This implies that these clouds are in front of G18.8+0.3. In the HI images, the highest velocity absorption feature seen against the continuum image of G18.8+0.3 is at 129 km s$^{-1}$, which corresponds to the tangent point in this direction. This yields a lower distance limit of 6.9 kpc for G18.8+0.3. Absence of absorption at negative velocities gives an upper distance limit of 15 kpc. The broadened profile at 20$\\pm$5 km s$^{-1}$ in the $^{13}$CO emission spectra is a strong indicator of a possible SNR/CO cloud interaction. Thus, G18.8+0.3 is likely to be at the distance of about 12 kpc. The upper mass limit and mean density of the giant CO cloud at 20$\\pm$5 km s$^{-1}$ are \\sim 6 \\times 10^{5} M_{\\odot} and \\sim 2 \\times 10^{2} cm^{-3}. We find an atomic hydrogen column density in front of G18.8+0.3 of $N_{HI}$ \\sim 2 \\times 10^{22} cm^{-2}. The ROSAT PSPC observations show a diffuse X-ray enhancement apparently associated with part of the radio shell of G18.8+0.3. Assuming an association, the unabsorbed flux is 2.2 \\times10^{-12} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}, suggesting an intrinsic luminosity of 3.6 \\times 10^{34} erg s^{-1} for G18.8+0.3.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 473, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00110", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00005", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Firefighter Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds that-- (1) increased demands on firefighting personnel have made it difficult for local governments to adequately fund necessary fire safety precautions; (2) the Federal Government has an obligation to protect the health and safety of the firefighting personnel of the United States and to help ensure that the personnel have the financial resources to protect the public; (3) the United States has serious fire losses, including a fire death rate that is one of the highest per capita in the industrialized world; (4) in the United States, fire kills more than 4,000 people and injures more than 25,000 people each year; (5) in any single day in the United States, on the average-- (A) 11 people will die because of fire; (B) 2 of those people are likely to be children under the age of 5; (C) 68 people will be injured because of fire; and (D) over $9,000,000,000 in property losses will occur from fire; and (6) those statistics demonstrate a critical need for Federal investment in support of firefighting personnel. SEC. 3. REDESIGNATION OF FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY. (a) In General.--The Federal Emergency Management Agency is redesignated as the ``Federal Fire and Emergency Management Agency''. (b) References.--Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall be deemed to be a reference to the Federal Fire and Emergency Management Agency. (c) Conforming Amendments to Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974.--Sections 4(4), 17, and 31(a)(5)(B) of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 2203(4), 2216, and 2227(a)(5)(B)) are amended by striking ``Federal Emergency Management Agency'' each place it appears and inserting ``Federal Fire and Emergency Management Agency''. SEC. 4. FIREFIGHTER INVESTMENT AND RESPONSE ENHANCEMENT. The Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.) is amended by", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01114", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00006", "text": "We present multi-frequency, radio-continuum and HI observations of NGC4438, the highly-disturbed, active galaxy in the Virgo cluster, with the VLA and the GMRT. High-resolution observations with the VLA at 4860 and 8460 MHz show the presence of an inverted-spectrum radio nucleus located between the highly asymmetric lobes of radio emission. This demonstrates that these lobes arise due to an AGN rather than a compact nuclear starburst. The low-frequency radio continuum observations made with the GMRT detect the extended emission on the western side of the galaxy whose spectral index is flatter at higher frequencies and suggests that it is a mixture of thermal and non-thermal emission. The HI observations show an elongated structure which is displaced by ~4.1 kpc on the western side of NGC4438 and has a size of ~9.8 kpc and a mass of 1.8*10^8 M_sun. The velocity field suggests systematic rotation. We also detect HI emission from the disk of the galaxy with a mass of 1.2*10^8 M_sun. We detect a faint HI tail towards the north of NGC4438 close to a stellar tail seen in deep optical observations. This HI tail has a total extent of ~50 kpc and a mass of 1.4*10^8 M_sun if it is at the distance of NGC4438. The velocity of the HI tail is ~-10 km/s similar to that of HI emission from IC 3355, but the possibility that the tail could be foreground Galactic emission cannot be ruled out. We discuss the different structures in the light of different models.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00273", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00007", "text": "are likely to include, any course in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. ``(e) STEM Teacher Training Expenses.--The term `STEM teacher training expenses' means any amount paid or incurred by a taxpayer engaged in a trade or business within an area of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics which is attributable to the participation of any eligible STEM teacher in a regular training program provided to employees of the taxpayer which is determined by such teacher's school as enhancing such teacher's teaching skills in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. ``(f) Denial of Double Benefit.--No deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for any amount allowed as a credit under this section.''. (b) Conforming Amendments.-- (1) Section 38(b) of such Code is amended by striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (18), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (19), and inserting ``, plus'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(20) the elementary and secondary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) contributions credit determined under section 45J.''. (2) The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``Sec. 45J. Contributions benefiting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education at the elementary and secondary school level.''. (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 5. ASSURANCE OF CONTINUED LOCAL CONTROL. Nothing in this Act may be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution or school system.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00922", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00008", "text": "PLANT CITY, Fla. (AP) — A Florida teen who doctors say is dying from a rare form of cancer has been granted one of his final wishes, to be married to his high school sweetheart. The Tampa Bay Times reports 19-year-old Dustin Snyder and 21-year-old Sierra Siverio were wed Sunday in Plant City, near Tampa. \"After her being there with me through this cancer, always supporting me and loving me, that's when I knew she was the one,\" Snyder said. \"I wanted to give her something back before my time was up.\" Doctors say Snyder has weeks or maybe a month to live. Wasting no time, Snyder proposed to Siverio on Thursday. The newspaper reports the community quickly came together to make sure the wedding took place, donating everything from the rings to the wedding gown and the venue. The two say they've been overwhelmed by the outpouring of support from strangers. Snyder's sister, Brittany Hails, posted her brother's story on Facebook and started a GoFundMe page, which had raised nearly $13,000 by Friday. An update said they had met their goal and leftover donations would help the family with other expenses. \"I didn't think it would go this far, but God was on our side,\" Hails said. \"Dustin's really excited, and all we wanted is for him to be happy. And he's happy right now.\" The teens met in middle school, but had lost touch before reuniting in high school. Snyder has battled synovial sarcoma much of that time. On June 27, 2016, the day before his 18th birthday, Snyder went to the hospital with chest pains, which his mother thought were brought on by asthma. But doctors quickly diagnosed the teen with synovial sarcoma, which targets soft tissue and is more common among adolescents and young adults than other age groups who contract it. \"When I first found out I was devastated, but then he told me I needed to be strong for him,\" Siverio said. \"Ever since he said that I've been by his side.\" ___ Information from: Tampa Bay Times (St. Petersburg, Fla.), http://www.tampabay.com.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 455, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00825", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00009", "text": "The formation of subdwarf B (sdB) stars is not well understood within the current framework of stellar single and binary evolution. In this study, we focus on the formation and evolution of the pulsating sdB star in the very short-period eclipsing binary PG1336-018. We aim at refining the formation scenario of this unique system, so that it can be confronted with observations. We probe the stellar structure of the progenitors of sdB stars in short-period binaries using detailed stellar evolution calculations. Applying this to PG1336-018 we reconstruct the common-envelope phase during which the sdB star was formed. The results are interpreted in terms of the standard common-envelope formalism (the alpha-formalism) based on the energy equation, and an alternative description (the gamma-formalism) using the angular momentum equation. We find that if the common-envelope evolution is described by the alpha-formalism, the sdB progenitor most likely experienced a helium flash. We then expect the sdB mass to be between 0.39 and 0.48 Msun, and the sdB progenitor initial mass to be below ~2 Msun. However, the results for the gamma-formalism are less restrictive, and a broader sdB mass range (0.3 - 0.8 Msun) is possible in this case. Future seismic mass determination will give strong constraints on the formation of PG1336-018 and, in particular, on the CE phase.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 302, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00421", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00010", "text": "The multiverse is a hierarchy in the number of universes, increasing stepwise towards infinity. It is an evolutionary system, in which universes survive only near critical mass. That mass is actually a factor of 1.94 less than the critical mass, and this is found to be consistent with the baryon density inferred from nucleosynthesis in our universe; it is also precisely verified as a cosmological effect. That factor seems to have originated in the multiverse for causing intersecting expansions of its universes, such that mixing occurs of debris from aging galaxies (over proton-decaying time scales). It follows that there is an inter-universal medium (IUM), probably having the demand of new universes in balance with the supply of dark radiation and sub-atomic particles from the decaying galaxies. The mixing causes the universes to have the same quantum, relativity, gravity, and particle physics as our universe. The making of a universe from the radiation and sub-atomic particles occurs through re-vitalizing the protons, and other particles as well, by gravitational energy obtained in accretion of the IUM. This process therefore begins wherever the IUM space density reaches proton density, near 10 E18 kg m E-3. The process continues quietly as the sweeping-up and gravitational accretion proceeds, until the near-critical mass is reached. Some of the IUM debris must also be pervading our present universe, steadily or in partially accreted lumps. The model therefore predicts that the IUM sub-atomic particles appear as our dark matter, and its radiation component as our dark energy, both near 0 K temperatures. The dark energy may cause expansion phenomena, in addition to the above non-flatness expansion, from an accretion lump that arrived at our universe at age near 9 x 10 E9 y.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00340", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00011", "text": "We present the first results of a large spectroscopic survey of candidate globular clusters located in the extreme outskirts of the nearby M31 galaxy. We obtained low resolution spectra of 48 targets selected from the XSC of 2MASS, as in Galleti et al. (2005). The observed candidates have been robustly classified according to their radial velocity and by verifying their extended/point-source nature from ground-based optical images. Among the 48 observed candidates clusters we found 5 genuine remote globular clusters. One of them has been already identified independently by Mackey et al. (2007), their GC1; the other four are completely new discoveries: B516, B517, B518, B519. The newly discovered clusters lie at projected distance 40 kpc<~R_p<~100 kpc from the center of M31, and have absolute integrated magnitude -9.5<M_V<-7.5. For all the observed clusters we have measured the strongest Lick indices and we have obtained spectroscopic metallicity estimates. Mackey-GC1, Martin-GC1, B517 and B518 have spectra typical of old and metal poor globular clusters ([Fe/H]<~ -1.3); B519 appears old but quite metal-rich ([Fe/H]~-0.5); B516 presents very strong Balmer absorption lines: if this is indeed a cluster it should have a relatively young age (likely <2 Gyr). The present analysis nearly doubles the number of M31 globulars at R_p> 40 kpc. At odds with the Milky Way, M31 appears to have a significant population of very bright globular clusters in its extreme outskirts.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 346, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00183", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00012", "text": "The aim of this paper is to identify the young protostellar counterparts associated to dust millimeter cores of the Vela Molecular Ridge Cloud D through new IR observations (H_2 narrow-band at 2.12 micron and N broad band at 10.4 micron) along with an investigation performed on the existing IR catalogues. The association of mm continuum emission with infrared sources from catalogues (IRAS, MSX, 2MASS), JHK data from the literature and new observations, has been established according to spatial coincidence, infrared colours and spectral energy distributions. Only 7 out of 29 resolved mm cores (and 16 out of the 26 unresolved ones) do not exhibit signposts of star formation activity. The other ones are clearly associated with: far-IR sources, H_2 jets or near-IR objects showing a high intrinsic colour excess. The distribution of the spectral indices pertaining to the associated sources is peaked at values typical of Class I objects, while three objects are signalled as candidates Class 0 sources. We remark the high detection rate (30%) of H_2 jets driven by sources located inside the mm-cores. They appear not driven by the most luminous objects in the field, but rather by less luminous objects in young clusters, testifying the co-existence of both low- and intermediate-mass star formation. The presented results reliably describe the young population of VMR-D. However, the statistical evaluation of activity vs inactivity of the investigated cores, even in good agreement with results found for other star forming regions, seems to reflect the limiting sensitivity of the available facilities rather than any property intrinsic to the mm-condensations.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 340, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00025", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00013", "text": "We present high spatial resolution maps, obtained with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, of the blue lobe of the L1157 outflow. We observed four lines at 3 mm, namely CH3OH (2_K-1_K), HC3N (11-10), HCN (1-0) and OCS (7-6). Moreover, the bright B1 clump has also been observed at better spatial resolution in CS (2-1), CH3OH (2_1-1_1)A-, and 34SO (3_2-2_1). These high spatial resolution observations show a very rich structure in all the tracers, revealing a clumpy structure of the gas superimposed to an extended emission. In fact, the three clumps detected by previous IRAM-30m single dish observations have been resolved into several sub-clumps and new clumps have been detected in the outflow. The clumps are associated with the two cavities created by two shock episodes driven by the precessing jet. In particular, the clumps nearest the protostar are located at the walls of the younger cavity with a clear arch-shape form while the farthest clumps have slightly different observational characteristics indicating that they are associated to the older shock episode. The emission of the observed species peaks in different part of the lobe: the east clumps are brighter in HC3N (11-10), HCN (1-0) and CS (2-1) while the west clumps are brighter in CH3OH(2_K-1_K), OCS (7-6) and 34SO (3_2-2_1). This peak displacement in the line emission suggests a variation of the physical conditions and/or the chemical composition along the lobe of the outflow at small scale, likely related to the shock activity and the precession of the outflow. In particular, we observe the decoupling of the silicon monoxide and methanol emission, common shock tracers, in the B1 clump located at the apex of the bow shock produced by the second shock episode.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 440, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00422", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00014", "text": "$B\\to\\phi K^*$ ($\\btos$) is three separate decays, one for each polarization of the final-state vector mesons (one longitudinal, two transverse). It is observed that the fraction of transverse decays, $\\fT$, and the fraction of longitudinal decays, $\\fL$, are roughly equal: $\\fTfL \\simeq 1$, in opposition to the naive expectation that $\\fT \\ll \\fL$. If one requires a single explanation of all polarization puzzles, two possibilities remain within the standard model: penguin annihilation and rescattering. In this paper we examine the predictions of these two explanations for $\\fTfL$ in $\\btod$ decays. In $B \\to \\rho\\rho$ decays, only $\\bd \\to \\rho^0\\rho^0$ can possibly exhibit a large $\\fTfL$. In B decays related by U-spin, we find two promising possibilities: (i) $B^+ \\to K^{*0} \\rho^+$ ($\\btos$) and $B^+ \\to \\Kbar^{*0} K^{*+}$ ($\\btod$) and (ii) $\\bs \\to K^{*0} \\Kbar^{*0}$ ($\\btos$) and $\\bd \\to \\Kbar^{*0} K^{*0}$ ($\\btod$). The measurement of $\\fTfL$ in these pairs of decays will allow us to test penguin annihilation and rescattering. Finally, it is possible to distinguish penguin annihilation from rescattering by performing a time-dependent angular analysis of $\\bd \\to \\Kbar^{*0} K^{*0}$.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 371, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00181", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00015", "text": "We study the two-photon process for the transitions ns --> 1s and nd --> 1s in hydrogen up to large n. For n<=20 we provide simple analytic fitting formulae to describe the non-resonant part of the two-photon emission profiles. Combining these with the analytic form of the cascade-term yields a simple and accurate description of the full two-photon decay spectrum, which only involves a sum over a few intermediate states. We demonstrate that the cascade term naturally leads to a nearly Lorentzian shape of the two-photon profiles in the vicinity of the resonances. However, due to quantum-electrodynamical corrections, the two-photon emission spectra deviate significantly from the Lorentzian shape in the very distant wings of the resonances. We investigate up to which distance the two-photon profiles are close to a Lorentzian and discuss the role of the interference term. We then analyze how the deviation of the two-photon profiles from the Lorentzian shape affects the dynamics of cosmological hydrogen recombination. Since in this context the escape of photons from the Lyman-alpha resonance plays a crucial role, we concentrate on the two-photon corrections in the vicinity of the Lyman-alpha line. Our computations show that the changes in the ionization history due to the additional two-photon process from high shell (n>2) likely do not reach the percent-level. For conservative assumptions we find a correction DN_e/N_e~-0.4% at redshift z~1160. This is numerically similar to the result of another recent study; however, the physics leading to this conclusion is rather different. In particular, our calculations of the effective two-photon decay rates yield significantly different values, where the destructive interference of the resonant and non-resonant terms plays a crucial role in this context (abridged)", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 380, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00166", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00016", "text": "ology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, or nutrition at a university that is accredited by an organization recognized by the Department of Education of the United States; ``(B) you have never been employed by, and have never been contracted to do work for, the Food and Drug Administration or any other agency or office of the Department of Health and Human Services (except to review health claim petitions) or for the health claim petitioner; ``(C) you will evaluate any health claim petition submitted to you in strict accordance with the criteria specified in section 403D; ``(D) you will not discuss with any person the fact that you are reviewing the health claim petition or the substance of the petition or the substance of the evaluation before you submit a complete written evaluation of the health claim to the Secretary; ``(E) you will complete your review of the health claim petition and will supply your complete written evaluation of it along with all scientific evidence reviewed to the Secretary no later than 180 days after receipt of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(F) you will exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that might interfere with the objective evaluation of the health claim. ``(5) Failure to abide by the above rules will result in disbarment from the Independent Scientific Review program and disallowance of all compensation for any review undertaken. ``(b) Confirmation of Independent Scientific Reviewer Status.--No later than 30 days after the Secretary's receipt of a request, including the certifications required under subsection (a)(4), from a person who seeks to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer, the Secretary shall notify that person whether he or she satisfies the qualification criteria specified in such subsection and is, thereby, eligible to be selected to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer. ``(c) Random Selection of Independent Scientific Reviewer To Evaluate Health Claim.--No later than 15 days after a health claim petition is filed with the Secretary, the Secretary shall select an Independent Scientific Reviewer at random and shall provide that person with a complete copy of the health claim petition for evaluation. The Secretary shall not reveal the name of the Independent Scientific Reviewer to the public or to the health claim petitioner until after the Secretary receives from the Independent Scientific Reviewer all publicly available scientific evidence reviewed and a complete evaluation of the health claim. ``(d) All Publicly Available Scientific Evidence Shall Be Reviewed.--Upon receipt of a health claim petition, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall acquire and evaluate all publicly", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00911", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00017", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Heart Disease Education, Analysis, and Research, and Treatment for Women Act'' or the ``HEART for Women Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among women. (2) Despite being the number 1 killer, only 13 percent of women are aware that cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, are their greatest health risk. (3) Many minority women, including African American, Hispanic, and Native American women, are at a higher risk of death from heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases, but they are less likely to know of this risk. (4) There is a pervasive lack of awareness among health care providers that cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women. (5) Women are less likely than men to receive certain treatments for cardiovascular diseases, perhaps due to lack of awareness and the presence of different symptoms in women than in men. (6) Women tend to experience later onset of heart disease than men, and therefore more often suffer from multiple conditions that mask symptoms of heart disease and complicate treatment. (7) Certain diagnostic tests for cardiovascular disease may be less accurate in women than men. (8) Drug effectiveness and metabolism differ in women and men, impacting successful treatment of cardiovascular disease. (9) In addition, stroke kills 2.3 times as many females as does breast cancer. Nearly 61 percent of stroke-related deaths occur in females. Studies have found gender differences in the effects, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke. For instance-- (A) stroke severity is greater in women than in men; (B) women often receive fewer diagnostic tests and intervention procedures than men; and (C) strokes present treatment issues unique to women. SEC. 3. REPORTING OF GENDER DATA IN APPLICATIONS FOR DRUGS, BIOLOGICS, AND DEVICES. (a) New Drug Applications.--Section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(5)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the applicant shall include in any submission to the Secretary pursuant to this subsection, to the extent appropriate, information stratified by gender, race and ethnicity, including any differences in safety and effectiveness.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00896", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00018", "text": "ism has helped her accept her body One of the things that I find so moving about Catholicism is that it never forgets that to be a person is inherently and inescapably and necessarily to be in a body — a body that brings you pain, a body that brings you pleasure, a body that can be a barrier to thinking more completely about your life and your soul — but [that it] can also be a vehicle to delivering you into better communion with the world, with other people and to whatever divinity it is that you believe in. What Catholicism did for me, in part, is give me a framework in which to understand my body as not an accident or a punishment or a mistake, but as the body that I am meant to have and that is constitutive of so much of who I am and what I've done and what I hope I will do in the world. More and more... I've come to see my body as a place of pride and potential, and as something that gives me a unique outlook onto the world. And I'd rather that, I guess, than be infuriated by it. On her twin sister, who died shortly after birth She lived about 36 hours after we were born.... It's a phenomenon in my life that I have not a lot of rational explanation for,... but it is true that I miss my sister with a kind of intense specificity that has no rational explanation, and that I feel aware of her presence in this way that I can't exactly explain or articulate, but which feels undeniable to me.... I do think that that sort of gave me no other option than to believe in some kind of something beyond this current mortal life that we're living. Because what is the explanation otherwise for the fact that I feel like I miss and I know this person who only lived a matter of hours? And for the fact as much as I know that she is dead and is gone in a real way, she doesn't feel \"disappeared\" to me. On how her physical disability and her poetry are intertwined I think the easiest way I have of describing it is I have two [early] memories.... One of them is of sitting on a table in a hospital room in the children's hospital in St. Louis, choosing the flavor of the anesthetic gas I was going to breathe when they put me under to do my first major surgery. I was picking between cherry and butterscotch and grape", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 496, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00635", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00019", "text": "a teaching hospital, and may include-- (1) other clinical entities, including community hospitals and health centers or physician group practices; (2) schools of medicine or other health professions; and (3) other nonclinical entities, including community organizations. (c) Application.--An application for a grant under this section shall include-- (1) a description of the geographic region to be included in the HIZ established under section 4, including population and health care provider demographics, as well as an estimate of the number of people that could be cared for in the HIZ; (2) a demonstration that the grant applicant has the expertise to engage community and clinical care leaders in developing a design plan for the HIZ that will meet the requirements listed in subsection (e); and (3) a proposed budget setting forth the costs to be incurred in creating the HIZ design plan. (d) Criteria for Awarding Grants.--The Secretary shall give preference to grant applications in which the potential HIZ would care for large and diverse populations and that also demonstrate the commitment of clinical and community partners to participate in the planning process for creating and submitting the HIZ design plan as set forth in subsection (e). (e) HIZ Design Plan Requirements.--A recipient of a grant under this section must submit to the Secretary, within 1 year after receiving such grant funds, an HIZ design plan describing the HIZ to be created in the pilot program under section 4. Such HIZ design plan must contain-- (1) an estimate of the number of people to whom health care will be delivered by the providers in the HIZ using the models of care described in such plan; (2) a description of the legal and management structure of the HIZ Coordinating Entity under which the full spectrum of care would be provided through the HIZ, and that will receive and administer payments received under the pilot program; (3) a description of how the full spectrum of care will be provided and by whom; (4) a description, including supporting financial documentation, of how the HIZ will reduce the rate of increase in Medicare and other health care spending including the level of the reduction and over what time frame such reduction will be achieved; (5) a description of how physician, hospital, and other providers will be integrated and aligned, and how health care delivery processes will be changed to reduce the rate of growth of health care costs while improving quality of care for Medicare, Medicaid, and privately", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01007", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00020", "text": "you currently sell? Could you serve as a middleman that allows entry into an otherwise expensive product? Other companies have proven that unconventional business models can be successful, so at the very least thinking through how these could apply to your industry will prepare you for potential competitors. 3. Ask better questions As leaders, we often fall into a default state of assuming our job is to provide answers. We're the men and women that are supposed to make decisions, provide guidance, and answer tough questions. These are important leadership skills, but increasingly, so is asking the right questions. The rapid pace of change increasingly means we as leaders simply cannot have a functional knowledge of every discipline that's required to compete effectively in today's market. A junior designer on our team might have a bit of knowledge that can help push the collective thinking forward, but will only offer that knowledge if you as a leader create an environment where he or she feels like they can contribute. Try to gain a sense of the perspectives each person on your team brings to the table. This is useful for two reasons. First, it allows you to call on specific people when you need expertise in a particular area. Secondly, it can help identify areas where your team is lacking. You may have a dozen technologists, but no one that can think through how to make employees more effective. Or, you might have a room full of great thinkers on customer experience, but no one that knows the capabilities and limitations of the tools required to deliver those experiences. SEE: 10 books every small business entrepreneur should read (free PDF) (TechRepublic) 4. Get out of your comfort zone Focusing only on your industry can be comfortable. You speak the same language, have the same concerns, and often move at a similar pace to industry peers and competitors. As a leader, you may have grown up in the industry, and are well-regarded as an expert in the space. It can be uncomfortable to spend time with someone who has never heard of you, and regards some aspect of your company as significantly lagging or even irrelevant. However, just as sitting in an \"echo chamber\" of like-minded individuals can adversely affect our personal lives and perspective on our fellow human beings, so, too, can safely remaining in your professional echo chamber. For more business and leadership tips, subscribe to our Executive Briefing newsletter. Subscribe Also see:", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 481, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00573", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00021", "text": "A) The requirement of subsection (a)(1) to make an assessment available for public comment. ``(B) The requirement of subsection (a)(1) to have an assessment or summary thereof published in the Federal Register. ``(C) The requirements of subsection (b)(3). ``(d) Procedures for Gathering Comments.--When any rule is promulgated which may have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals, the head of the agency promulgating the rule or the official of the agency with statutory responsibility for the promulgation of the rule shall assure that individuals have been given an opportunity to participate in the rulemaking for the rule through techniques such as-- ``(1) the inclusion in an advance notice of proposed rulemaking, if issued, of a statement that the proposed rule may have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals; ``(2) the publication of a general notice of proposed rulemaking in publications of national circulation likely to be obtained by individuals; ``(3) the direct notification of interested individuals; ``(4) the conduct of open conferences or public hearings concerning the rule for individuals, including soliciting and receiving comments over computer networks; and ``(5) the adoption or modification of agency procedural rules to reduce the cost or complexity of participation in the rulemaking by individuals. ``(e) Periodic Review of Rules.-- ``(1) In general.--Each agency shall carry out a periodic review of the rules promulgated by the agency that have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals. Under such periodic review, the agency shall determine, for each such rule, whether the rule can be amended or rescinded in a manner that minimizes any such impact while remaining in accordance with applicable statutes. For each such determination, the agency shall consider the following factors: ``(A) The continued need for the rule. ``(B) The nature of complaints or comments received from the public concerning the rule. ``(C) The complexity of the rule. ``(D) The extent to which the rule overlaps, duplicates, or conflicts with other Federal rules, and, to the extent feasible, with State and local governmental rules. ``(E) The length of time since the rule was last reviewed under this subsection. ``(F) The degree to which technology, economic conditions, or other factors have changed in the area affected by the rule since the rule was last reviewed under", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01126", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00022", "text": "Gravitational waves (GWs) from the inspiral of a neutron star (NS) or stellar-mass black hole (BH) into an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) with mass between ~50 and ~350 solar masses may be detectable by the planned advanced generation of ground-based GW interferometers. Such intermediate mass ratio inspirals (IMRIs) are most likely to be found in globular clusters. We analyze four possible IMRI formation mechanisms: (1) hardening of an NS-IMBH or BH-IMBH binary via three-body interactions, (2) hardening via Kozai resonance in a hierarchical triple system, (3) direct capture, and (4) inspiral of a compact object from a tidally captured main-sequence star; we also discuss tidal effects when the inspiraling object is an NS. For each mechanism we predict the typical eccentricities of the resulting IMRIs. We find that IMRIs will have largely circularized by the time they enter the sensitivity band of ground-based detectors. Hardening of a binary via three-body interactions, which is likely to be the dominant mechanism for IMRI formation, yields eccentricities under 10^-4 when the GW frequency reaches 10 Hz. Even among IMRIs formed via direct captures, which can have the highest eccentricities, around 90% will circularize to eccentricities under 0.1 before the GW frequency reaches 10 Hz. We estimate the rate of IMRI coalescences in globular clusters and the sensitivity of a network of three Advanced LIGO detectors to the resulting GWs. We show that this detector network may see up to tens of IMRIs per year, although rates of one to a few per year may be more plausible. We also estimate the loss in signal-to-noise ratio that will result from using circular IMRI templates for data analysis and find that, for the eccentricities we expect, this loss is negligible.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 400, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00105", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00023", "text": "Image via Getty. Prince’s unexpected death last summer was determined an accidental overdose on the opioid fentanyl. Six days preceding his death, Prince overdosed on a plane, and had to be revived at a hospital following an emergency landing. Search warrants issued for Paisley Park, Prince’s Minnesota residence, have just been unsealed, revealing what seems to have been a complicated system intended to funnel narcotics to the beloved icon. Advertisement KARE 11 reports that the documents, which were made public Monday morning, show that CVS prescription bottles found in Prince’s home had the name of his longtime bodyguard, Kirk Johnson, on the label. Investigators had been unable to find the source of fentanyl for Prince after examining his toxicology report, but did discover prescriptions of Oxycodone written for Johnson and prescribed by Dr. Michael Todd Schulenberg. The warrants also listed the pills discovered on the premises: -15 white capsules (Watson 853) discovered in a second floor dressing room -CVS pharmacy bottle under the name of Kirk Johnson/7 green capsules -8 orange oval pills inside suitcase in mirror room/second floor -Bayer bottle/64 white pills with Watson 853 -Aleve bottle with 20 ½ tablets labeled Watson 853 -Pamphlet for Recovery Without Walls (rehab center) Watson 853 is an acetaminophen/hydrocodone painkiller hybrid. Other bottles mislabeled as “Vitamin D” were also filled with acetaminophen/hydrocodone pills, and more was found throughout the house: Advertisement Detectives also discovered Prince’s suitcase — which was the one found with several narcotics inside (in prescription pill bottles under Johnson’s name) — had the name tag of “Peter Bravestrong” — an alias name authorities believe Prince used when he traveled in an attempt to maintain his privacy. Lyrics for the song, “U Got the Look,” were also found in that suitcase, written in Prince’s handwriting. The New York Daily News reports that Dr. Schulenberg told authorities that he wrote prescriptions under Johnson’s name to protect Prince’s privacy. Johnson, who had worked for Prince since the late eighties, told investigators that he had no idea that Prince had a pill addiction, though the day before the artist’s death he went to a Walgreens to pick up a prescription for him. Johnson said it was the first time he’d been sent on such an errand.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 492, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00682", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00024", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``High School Athletics Accountability Act of 2004''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) Participation in sports teaches youth critical life skills and has a significant positive impact on all areas of their lives, especially for girls. (2) Participation in sports results in many long-term physical and psychological health benefits for girls. For instance-- (A) providing opportunities to play sports in school is one key way to combat the rising rates of childhood obesity, which is caused in large part by physical inactivity; (B) girls who participate in sports have lower rates of heart disease, breast cancer, and osteoporosis; and (C) girls who participate in sports have higher levels of confidence and self-esteem, lower levels of depression, are less likely to be suicidal, and are more likely to have a positive body image than female non-athletes. (3) Participation in sports promotes responsible social behaviors and greater academic success among girls. For instance-- (A) girls who participate in sports are more likely to refrain from sexual activity, are more likely to defer having sex until a later age and to have fewer sex partners, and are half as likely to experience an unintended pregnancy as compared to female non- athletes; (B) girls who participate in sports have higher graduation rates, receive better grades, and score higher on standardized tests than female students in general; (C) girls who participate in sports have more positive attitudes towards science, a field traditionally predominated by males; (D) girls who participate in sports are less likely to smoke or use illegal drugs; (E) girls who participate in sports often have strengthened family relationships, including with their fathers and other male family members; and (F) girls who participate in sports learn important professional lessons that have a lifelong influence (Eighty percent of women identified as key leaders in Fortune 500 companies participated in sports while growing up, and 82 percent of executive businesswomen played sports, with the majority saying lessons learned on the playing field contributed to their success in business.). (4) The opportunity to play sports in secondary school helps many middle- and low-income students--who might otherwise be unable to attend college--to gain access to higher education. (5) Physical inactivity is much more common among females than males. (6) Girls who are not involved in physical activity by age 10 have only a 10 percent", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00912", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00025", "text": "their father, Pierre, played for the University of North Dakota, and all four of their brothers played hockey in college, with Jacque a Hobey Baker finalist in 2009 with Air Force. The Lamoureux sisters played a year in college at Minnesota before switching to North Dakota for their final three seasons, the last in 2012-13. They have played internationally for the United States since 2006. Both play forward, though Monique also plays defense. Now 28, the sisters credit each other for their long success, which now includes a third Olympic berth. \"That's part of the reason we've pushed ourselves to this level and been competing at this level for quite a long time is that built-in accountability day-in, day-out even if we're not with the team,\" Jocelyne Lamoureux-Davidson said. Monique Lamoureux-Davidson calls it the benefit of having grown up together playing every sport together on the same team, even though they haven't played together on the ice as much as people might think. Coaches have often spread the skill by playing them on separate lines. \"It's just that thing when we're on the ice together, we have that undeniable chemistry,\" she said. And the American sisters definitely have an Olympic edge having won silver medals in both 2010 and 2014. Jocelyne has 11 points (two goals, nine assists) in 10 Olympic games, while Monique has 13 points (seven goals, six assists) in the same span. The U.S. women's team leaves Wednesday for South Korea chasing the gold medal that eluded the Americans in Sochi, where the United States blew a 2-0 lead to Canada in the final. For Monique, she's chasing simple fulfillment. \"The last four years we've been kind of chasing down this dream of being Olympic champions, and nearly every single day your day is scheduled around being the best athlete you can be,\" she said, \"and you change up your plans, you do everything you can to be the best athlete, best leader, best team you can be.\" Jocelyne can't wait for the opportunity to represent the United States once again in the Olympics with pride the emotion that bubbles up whenever she thinks of the Winter Games. It's what the sisters have been working for most of their lives. And there's one ultimate goal. \"It's gold,\" Joc", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00698", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00026", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Gateway Communities Cooperation Act of 2002''. SEC. 2. IMPROVED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEDERAL LAND MANAGERS AND GATEWAY COMMUNITIES TO SUPPORT COMPATIBLE LAND MANAGEMENT OF BOTH FEDERAL AND ADJACENT LANDS. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following: (1) Communities that are adjacent to or near Federal lands, including units of the National Park System, units of the National Wildlife Refuge System, units of the National Forest System, and lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, are vitally impacted by the management and public use of these Federal lands. (2) These communities, commonly known as gateway communities, fulfill an integral part in the mission of the Federal lands by providing necessary services, such as schools, roads, search and rescue, emergency, medical, provisioning, logistical support, living quarters, and drinking water and sanitary systems, for both visitors to the Federal lands and employees of Federal land management agencies. (3) Provision of these vital services by gateway communities is an essential ingredient for a meaningful and enjoyable experience by visitors to the Federal lands because Federal land management agencies are unable to provide, or are prevented from providing, these services. (4) Gateway communities serve as an entry point for persons who visit the Federal lands and are ideal for establishment of visitor services, including lodging, food service, fuel and auto repairs, emergency services, and visitor information. (5) Development in these gateway communities affect the management and protection of these Federal lands, depending on the extent to which advance planning for the local development is coordinated between the communities and Federal land managers. (6) The planning and management decisions of Federal land managers can have unintended consequences for gateway communities and the Federal lands, when the decisions are not adequately communicated to, or coordinated with, the elected officials and residents of gateway communities. (7) Experts in land management planning are available to Federal land managers, but persons with technical planning skills are often not readily available to gateway communities, particularly small gateway communities. (8) Gateway communities are often affected by the policies and actions of several Federal land agencies and both the communities and the agencies would benefit from greater interagency coordination of those policies and actions. (9) Persuading gateway communities to make decisions and undertake actions in their communities that would also be in the best interest of the Federal lands is most likely to occur when such", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00897", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00027", "text": "We investigate the environments and clustering properties of starburst galaxies selected from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) in order to determine which, if any, environmental factors play a role in triggering a starburst. We quantify the local environments, clustering properties and luminosity functions of our starburst galaxies and compare to random control samples. The starburst galaxies are also classified morphologically in terms of their broad Hubble type and evidence of tidal merger/interaction signatures. We find the starburst galaxies to be much less clustered on large (5-15 Mpc) scales compared to the overall 2dFGRS galaxy population. In terms of their environments, we find just over half of the starburst galaxies to reside in low to intermediate luminosity groups, and a further ~30 per cent residing in the outskirts and infall regions of rich clusters. Their luminosity functions also differ significantly from that of the overall 2dFGRS galaxy population, with the sense of the difference being critically dependent on the way their star formation rates are measured. In terms of pin-pointing what might trigger the starburst, it would appear that factors relating to their local environment are most germane. Specifically, we find clear evidence that the presence of a near neighbour of comparable luminosity/mass within 20 kpc is likely to be important in triggering a starburst. We also find that a significant fraction (20-30 per cent) of our starburst galaxies have morphologies indicative of either an ongoing or recent tidal interaction and/or merger. These findings notwithstanding, there remain a significant portion of starburst galaxies where local environmental influences are not in any obvious way playing a triggering role, leading us to conclude that starbursts can also be internally driven.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 358, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00366", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00028", "text": "and a statement of any changes made in the proposed rule as a result of such issues. ``(C) A description of the steps the agency has taken to minimize the significant privacy impact on individuals consistent with the stated objectives of applicable statutes, including a statement of the factual, policy, and legal reasons for selecting the alternative adopted in the final rule and why each one of the other significant alternatives to the rule considered by the agency which affect the privacy interests of individuals was rejected. ``(3) Availability to public.--The agency shall make copies of the final privacy impact analysis available to members of the public and shall publish in the Federal Register such analysis or a summary thereof. ``(c) Procedure for Waiver or Delay of Completion.--An agency head may waive or delay the completion of some or all of the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) to the same extent as the agency head may, under section 608, waive or delay the completion of some or all of the requirements of sections 603 and 604, respectively. ``(d) Procedures for Gathering Comments.--When any rule is promulgated which may have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals, the head of the agency promulgating the rule or the official of the agency with statutory responsibility for the promulgation of the rule shall assure that individuals have been given an opportunity to participate in the rulemaking for the rule through techniques such as-- ``(1) the inclusion in an advance notice of proposed rulemaking, if issued, of a statement that the proposed rule may have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals; ``(2) the publication of a general notice of proposed rulemaking in publications of national circulation likely to be obtained by individuals; ``(3) the direct notification of interested individuals; ``(4) the conduct of open conferences or public hearings concerning the rule for individuals, including soliciting and receiving comments over computer networks; and ``(5) the adoption or modification of agency procedural rules to reduce the cost or complexity of participation in the rulemaking by individuals. ``(e) Periodic Review of Rules.-- ``(1) In general.--Each agency shall carry out a periodic review of the rules promulgated by the agency that have a significant privacy impact on individuals, or a privacy impact on a substantial number of individuals. Under such periodic review, the agency shall determine, for each such rule, whether the rule can be amended or", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00836", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00029", "text": "We investigate the evolution of the faint-end slope of the luminosity function, $\\alpha$, using semi-analytical modeling of galaxy formation. In agreement with observations, we find that the slope can be fitted well by $\\alpha (z) =a+b z$, with a=-1.13 and b=-0.1. The main driver for the evolution in $\\alpha$ is the evolution in the underlying dark matter mass function. Sub-L_* galaxies reside in dark matter halos that occupy a different part of the mass function. At high redshifts, this part of the mass function is steeper than at low redshifts and hence $\\alpha$ is steeper. Supernova feedback in general causes the same relative flattening with respect to the dark matter mass function. The faint-end slope at low redshifts is dominated by field galaxies and at high redshifts by cluster galaxies. The evolution of $\\alpha(z)$ in each of these environments is different, with field galaxies having a slope b=-0.14 and cluster galaxies b=-0.05. The transition from cluster-dominated to field-dominated faint-end slope occurs roughly at a redshift $z_* \\sim 2$, and suggests that a single linear fit to the overall evolution of $\\alpha(z)$ might not be appropriate. Furthermore, this result indicates that tidal disruption of dwarf galaxies in clusters cannot play a significant role in explaining the evolution of $\\alpha(z)$ at z< z_*. In addition we find that different star formation efficiencies a_* in the Schmidt-Kennicutt-law and supernovae-feedback efficiencies $\\epsilon$ generally do not strongly influence the evolution of $\\alpha(z)$.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 336, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00373", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00030", "text": "We present a comprehensive multi-wavelength study of the star-forming region NGC 1893 to explore the effects of massive stars on low-mass star formation. Using near-infrared colours, slitless spectroscopy and narrow-band $H\\alpha$ photometry in the cluster region we have identified candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) distributed in a pattern from the cluster to one of the nearby nebulae Sim 129. The $V, (V-I)$ colour-magnitude diagram of the YSOs indicates that majority of these objects have ages between 1 to 5 Myr. The spread in the ages of the YSOs may indicate a non-coeval star formation in the cluster. The slope of the KLF for the cluster is estimated to be $0.34\\pm0.07$, which agrees well with the average value ($\\sim 0.4$) reported for young clusters. For the entire observed mass range $0.6 < M/M_\\odot \\le 17.7$ the value of the slope of the initial mass function, $`\\Gamma$', comes out to be $-1.27\\pm0.08$, which is in agreement with the Salpeter value of -1.35 in the solar neighborhood. However, the value of $`\\Gamma$' for PMS phase stars (mass range $0.6 < M/M_\\odot \\le 2.0$) is found to be $-0.88\\pm0.09$ which is shallower than the value ($-1.71\\pm0.20$) obtained for MS stars having mass range $2.5 < M/M_\\odot \\le 17.7$ indicating a break in the slope of the mass function at $\\sim 2 M_\\odot$. Estimated $`\\Gamma$' values indicate an effect of mass segregation for main-sequence stars, in the sense that massive stars are preferentially located towards the cluster center. The estimated dynamical evolution time is found to be greater than the age of the cluster, therefore the observed mass segregation in the cluster may be the imprint of the star formation process. There is evidence for triggered star formation in the region, which seems to govern initial morphology of the cluster.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 464, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00315", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00031", "text": "Swift triggered on a precursor to the main burst of GRB 061121 (z=1.314), allowing observations to be made from the optical to gamma-ray bands. Many other telescopes, including Konus-Wind, XMM-Newton, ROTSE and the Faulkes Telescope North, also observed the burst. The gamma-ray, X-ray and UV/optical emission all showed a peak ~75s after the trigger, although the optical and X-ray afterglow components also appear early on - before, or during, the main peak. Spectral evolution was seen throughout the burst, with the prompt emission showing a clear positive correlation between brightness and hardness. The Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of the prompt emission, stretching from 1eV up to 1MeV, is very flat, with a peak in the flux density at ~1keV. The optical-to-X-ray spectra at this time are better fitted by a broken, rather than single, power-law, similar to previous results for X-ray flares. The SED shows spectral hardening as the afterglow evolves with time. This behaviour might be a symptom of self-Comptonisation, although circumstellar densities similar to those found in the cores of molecular clouds would be required. The afterglow also decays too slowly to be accounted for by the standard models. Although the precursor and main emission show different spectral lags, both are consistent with the lag-luminosity correlation for long bursts. GRB 061121 is the instantaneously brightest long burst yet detected by Swift. Using a combination of Swift and Konus-Wind data, we estimate an isotropic energy of 2.8x10^53 erg over 1keV - 10MeV in the GRB rest frame. A probable jet break is detected at ~2x10^5s, leading to an estimate of ~10^51 erg for the beaming-corrected gamma-ray energy.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 399, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00042", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00032", "text": "the cash transactions of government entities and depository institutions are likely of little or no use to law enforcement efforts and that cash transaction reports related to these entities are unnecessary. (8) The Comptroller General finds that, although the amendments made to chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, by the Money Laundering Suppression Act of 1994 required the Secretary of the Treasury to exempt depository institutions from filing cash transaction reports on the transactions of government entities and depository institutions and did not explicitly require the filing of exemption forms or annual review of such information with respect to the exempt entities to effectuate any such exemption, the regulations prescribed by the Secretary nonetheless require depository institutions to file such exemption forms and annual reviews. (9) The Comptroller General finds that the requirement that depository institutions file forms to exempt government entities and depository institutions, and conduct annual reviews of related information, discourages the use of such exemptions and creates cash transaction reports that are of little or no value to law enforcement efforts. (10) The Comptroller General recommends eliminating the requirement that depository institutions file exemption forms and annually review the supporting information for government entities and depository institutions. (11) The Comptroller General finds that requiring depository institutions to wait 12 months before exempting certain customers with large numbers of cash transactions may needlessly create cash transaction reports that are not highly useful to law enforcement efforts. (12) The Comptroller General finds that allowing depository institutions to exempt clients with frequent cash transactions within a time period of less than a year could avoid the filing of unnecessary cash transaction reports. (13) The Comptroller General recommends considering a change in requirements to allow depository institutions to exempt otherwise-eligible customers with frequent large cash transactions within a period of time shorter than 12 months. SEC. 3. EXCEPTION FROM CURRENCY TRANSACTION REPORTS FOR SEASONED CUSTOMERS. Section 5313(e) of title 31, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: ``(e) Qualified Customer Exemption.-- ``(1) In general.--Before the end of the 270-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of the Seasoned Customer CTR Exemption Act of 2008, the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations that exempt any depository institution from filing a report pursuant to this section after the effective date of such regulations in connection with a transaction for the payment, receipt, or transfer of United States", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01136", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00033", "text": "Gas in the million degree range occurs in a variety of astronomical environments, and it may be the main component of the elusive missing baryons at low redshift. The NVII ion is found in this material and it has a hyperfine spin-flip transition with a rest frequency of 53.042 GHz, which can be observed for z > 0.1, when it is shifted into a suitably transparent radio band. We used the 42-48 GHz spectrometer on the Green Bank Telescope to search for both emission and absorption from this NVII transmission. For absorption studies, 3C273, 3C 279, 3C 345, and 4C+39.25 were observed but no feature were seen above the 5 sigma level. For emission line studies, we observed Abell 1835, Abell 2390 and the star-forming galaxy PKS 1345+12, but no features were seen exceeding 5 sigma. We examine whether the strongest emission feature, in Abell 2390 (3.7 sigma), and the strongest absorption feature, toward 4C+39.25 (3.8 sigma), might be expected from theoretical models. The emission feature would require ~1E10 Msolar of 1E6 K gas, which is inconsistent with X-ray limits for the O VII Kalpha line, so it is unlikely to be real. The NVII absorption feature requires a NVII column of 6E16 cm^-2, higher than model predictions by at least an order of magnitude, which makes it inconsistent with model expectations. The individual observations were less than 1 hr in length, so for lengthy observations, we show that NVII absorption line observations can begin to be useful in in the search for hot intergalactic gas.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00151", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00034", "text": "of it, is now there's a proliferation of SaaS vendors out there, when in the early days it was the big boys like the Workdays, and Salesforce and the likes. There's not a SaaS application for everything, for every business function, for every industry, no matter how large or small, and so as a result there's really this thirst or appetite for the business to get in and self-serve, even if IT's not willing to be a part of that journey. Patterson: Can you give us a profile of some of the IT and business technology decision makers who are now involved in the process of adopting SaaS solutions for the enterprise? SEE: Vendor Relationship Policy (Tech Pro Research) Duguid: Certainly, it's the typical players, so it's everything from the CIO down to the VP's and directors of IT within an organization, but more importantly now what we're starting to see is a lot of decisions being made by what we call line of business IT. Essentially, very smart technology-focused individuals within a particular department. So, for example, in the sales department, you'll typically find a Salesforce administrator whose responsible for the deployment, the management, the feeding and nurturing of their Salesforce CRM, and so you're starting to see a lot more of that type of role turn up within an organization, whether they're responsible for Salesforce's CRM, your human capital management systems or the likes, but it's more of a de-centralized type of IT and larger organizations. Patterson: Ryan, I wonder if you could leave us with a forecast, perhaps the next 6, 12, 18, months in the growth of not just SaaS, but the cloud, the multi-cloud and post-GDPR? Duguid: Ha ha, post-GDPR. You know, I guess GDPR and other associated compliance requirements are sort of the stick that people wave to try and slow this down, but at the end of the day, the prediction I'd give is there's no stopping this, right? This is how technology is delivered to the business now. It meets the needs of the business, the pace, it helps people tackle digital transformation, get ahead of disruptive competitors in the marketplace, and so I think you're just going to see more and more, and from our perspective at Nintex what we're really fascinated by is the concept of IT and the business working together, where IT is empowering the business to get", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00565", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00035", "text": "The proposed training, which would have been provided by volunteers at no cost to the state, would occur during orientation for legislators at the beginning of each session. The bill was not prompted by the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, but several who testified in support of the training said better cultural understanding could have prevented some of the conflicts that arose during the protests. The Senate Government and Veterans Affairs Committee amended the bill to a legislative management study to consider the need for cultural competency training for legislators, other elected and appointed officials and state employees. Sen. Shawn Vedaa, R-Velva, a member of the committee, said Tuesday, Feb. 14, the bill was amended to a study because several committee members felt requiring the training \"was overstepping legislation.\" Sen. Dick Dever, R-Bismarck, spoke in favor of the bill as a way to repair relationships that have been strained during the pipeline protests. \"I think there have been damages done to the relationships between our general population and the population south of here through recent events,\" Dever said. The Senate voted to amend the bill to a study, but ultimately the bill failed in a 20-26 vote on Tuesday. Sen. Richard Marcellais, D-Belcourt, a member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa and one of the bill's sponsors, said he is disappointed with the vote. \"It's not going to improve the communications or relations between the state and tribes,\" he said. Marcellais sponsored similar legislation in 2009 that also failed in the Senate with a similar vote.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00596", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00036", "text": "Used to be that Roger Federer simply could not win a match, let alone a championship, at major tournaments. That might be hard to imagine now that Federer owns 20 Grand Slam trophies. But you can look it up: He lost in the first round on three of his first four trips to Wimbledon, and three of his first five appearances at the French Open. So let's recall what Federer said at the All England Club on the day he collected his very first Grand Slam title, all the way back in July 2003. \"I hope,\" Federer said, \"it's not going to be my last.\" Seems silly nowadays, doesn't it? Because there he was, nearly 15 full years later, tears dotting his cheeks as he spoke to an adoring Australian Open crowd after beating 2014 U.S. Open champion Marin Cilic 6-2, 6-7 (5), 6-3, 3-6, 6-1 in Sunday's final in Melbourne. Holding his most recent prize, Federer declared, \"The fairy tale continues.\" It's hard to decide what is most remarkable about Federer's career. Cilic's take? \"The passion to compete, season after season, especially at this high level,\" said the man who has lost two of the last three Grand Slam finals to the Swiss maestro. \"Also, being able to challenge himself, first physically and then mentally, as well, to be at the top almost every single week.\" The sheer volume of it all does stand out. Federer has won exactly 10 percent of the 200 major tournaments contested in the professional era. Before Federer started collecting his 20, the most any man managed to accumulate was the 14 for Pete Sampras; he now stands No. 3, behind Federer and Rafael Nadal with 16. There's also that constant work to evolve and improve, most notably during his recent renaissance by adding versatility to his backhand side with a flatter, more powerful shot than his long-preferred slice. And there's the longevity, which is particularly impressive in light of the recent injury woes for the younger members of tennis' elite: Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka. At 36½, Federer is now the second-oldest man to win a Grand Slam title in the Open era — Ken Roswell won", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00797", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00037", "text": "We re-discuss the evolutionary state of upper main sequence magnetic stars using a sample of Ap and Bp stars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes and definitely determined longitudinal magnetic fields. We confirm our previous results obtained from the study of Ap and Bp stars with accurate measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus and mean quadratic magnetic fields that magnetic stars of mass M < 3 M_sun are concentrated towards the centre of the main-sequence band. In contrast, stars with masses M > 3 M_sun seem to be concentrated closer to the ZAMS. The study of a few known members of nearby open clusters with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes confirms these conclusions. Stronger magnetic fields tend to be found in hotter, younger and more massive stars, as well as in stars with shorter rotation periods. No evidence is found for any loss of angular momentum during the main-sequence life. The magnetic flux remains constant over the stellar life time on the main sequence. An excess of stars with large obliquities beta is detected in both higher and lower mass stars. The obliquity angle distribution as inferred from the distribution of r-values appears random at the time magnetic stars become observable on the H-R diagram. After quite a short time spent on the main sequence, the obliquity angle beta tends to reach values close to either 90 deg or 0 deg for M < 3 M_sun. The evolution of the obliquity angle beta seems to be somewhat different for low and high mass stars. While we find a strong hint for an increase of beta with the elapsed time on the main sequence for stars with M > 3 M_sun, no similar trend is found for stars with M < 3 M_sun. However, the predominance of high values of beta at advanced ages in these stars is notable.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00036", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00038", "text": "resumes. Around 10% of respondents said they felt happy when learning in a traditional university setting, the report said. Overall, only 5% of respondents said they were anxious in such a setting, but women were 2.5x more likely to say they were anxious. Online courses may offer women and minorities a chance to learn tech skills without feeling intimidated by typically male-dominated university computer science programs. The report found that, while women may feel more empowered in online courses, men are more likely to see a pay raise or promotion due to learning how to code. Men are almost 55% more likely than women to say they made more money due to their new coding skills. Men are 1.5x more likely than women to receive a promotion due to the skills, the survey found. \"Dozens of programs have sprung up to help women move into careers in tech, but it seems that even when women take all the right steps, they're not seeing the reward,\" the report said of the findings. Despite women-targeted programs and adjusted entry-level computer science courses, more may need to be done to fight gender disparity in the tech industry. Want to use these statistics in your next presentation? Feel free to copy and paste these takeaways: 55% of Codecademy users hold a college degree, but are still learning how to code via the online course platform. -Codecademy, 2017. 40% said they were learning new coding skills to move into a software development job or similar position. -Codecademy, 2017. Men are 55% more likely than women to make more money due to learning how to code. -Codecademy, 2017. Stay informed, click here to subscribe to the TechRepublic Tech News You Can Use newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 370, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00558", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00039", "text": "We present optical and near-infrared light curves of SN 2001el from 310 to 445 days past maximum light, obtained with the Very Large Telescope. The late-time optical (UBVRI) light curves decay in a nearly linear fashion with decay time scales of 1.43\\pm0.14, 1.43\\pm0.06, 1.48\\pm0.06, 1.45\\pm0.07, and 1.03\\pm0.07 magnitudes (per hundred days) in the U, B, V, R and I bands, respectively. In contrast, in the near-infrared (JHKs) bands the time evolution of the flux appears to be nearly constant at these epochs. We measure decline rates (per hundred days) of 0.19\\pm0.10 and 0.17\\pm0.11 magnitudes in the J and H bands, respectively. We construct a UVOIR light curve, and find that the late-time luminosity has a decay time scale nearly consistent with complete depostion of positron kinetic energy. The late-time light curves of the normal type Ia SN 2001el demonstrate the increased importance of the near-infrared contribution. This was previously observed in the peculiar SN 2000cx, and the results for SN 2001el thus ensure that the conclusions previously based on a single peculiar event are applicable to normal type Ia supernovae. The measured late-time UVOIR decline rate suggests that a majority of the positrons are trapped within the ejecta. This results does not favor the predictions of a weak and/or radially combed magnetic field configuration.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00152", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00040", "text": ", and modern infrastructure that our economy needs and our people deserve. Tonight I'm calling on Congress to produce a bill that generates at least $1.5 trillion for the new infrastructure investment that our country so desperately needs. Every federal dollar should be leveraged by partnering with state and local governments and, where appropriate, tapping into private sector investment to permanently fix the infrastructure deficit. And we can do it. Any bill must also streamline the permitting and approval process, getting it down to no more than two years, and perhaps even one. Together, we can reclaim our great building heritage. We will build gleaming new roads, bridges, highways, railways, and waterways all across our land. And we will do it with American heart, American hands, and American grit. We want every American to know the dignity of a hard day's work. We want every child to be safe in their home at night. And we want every citizen to be proud of this land that we all love so much. We can lift our citizens from welfare to work, from dependence to independence, and from poverty to prosperity. As... as tax cuts create new jobs, let's invest in workforce development and let's invest in job training, which we need so badly. Let's open great vocational schools so our future workers can learn a craft and realize their full potential. And let's support working families by supporting paid family leave. As America regains its strength, opportunity must be extended to all citizens. That is why this year we will embark on reforming our prisons to help former inmates who have served their time get a second chance at life. Struggling communities, especially immigrant communities, will also be helped by immigration policies that focus on the best interests of American workers and American families. For decades, open borders have allowed drugs and gangs to pour into our most vulnerable communities. They've allowed millions of low-wage workers to compete for jobs and wages against the poorest Americans. Most tragically, they have caused the loss of many innocent lives. Here tonight are two fathers and two mothers: Evelyn Rodriguez, Freddy Cuevas, Elizabeth Alvarado, and Robert Mickens. Their two teenage daughters — Kayla Cuevas and Nisa Mickens — were close friends on Long Island. But in September 2016, on the eve of Nisa's 16th birthday, such a happy time it should have been, neither of them came home. These two precious girls were brutally murdered while walking together in their", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00707", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00041", "text": "in strict accordance with the criteria specified in section 403D; ``(5) signs an oath pledging not to discuss with any person the fact that he or she is reviewing the health claim petition or the substance of the petition or the substance of the evaluation before the results of the scientific review are supplied in a complete written evaluation to the Secretary; ``(6) signs an oath pledging to supply complete copies of all publicly available scientific evidence reviewed along with a complete written evaluation of the health claim to the Secretary no later than 180 days after receipt of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(7) signs an oath pledging to exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that might interfere with the objective evaluation of the health claim.''. SEC. 4. HEALTH CLAIMS. Section 403(r) (21 U.S.C. 343(r)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (1)-- (A) in the matter preceding clause (A)-- (i) by striking ``food intended'' and inserting ``food or dietary supplement intended''; and (ii) by striking ``food which'' and inserting ``food or dietary supplement which''; and (B) in clause (B)-- (i) by inserting after ``health-related condition'' the following: ``(including any statement that the nutrient prevents, treats, or cures a disease)''; and (ii) by striking ``or (5)(D)''; (2) in subparagraph (3), by amending clause (B) to read as follows: ``(B)(i) The Secretary shall promulgate no later than 30 days after receiving an evaluation from an Independent Scientific Reviewer regulations that authorize use on labels and in labeling of all claims of the type described in subparagraph (1)(B) recommended for approval by the Independent Scientific Reviewer together with such disclaimer or disclaimers as the Independent Scientific Reviewer may also recommend. ``(ii) The duties of the Secretary described in subclause (i) are nondelegable and may be discharged only by the Secretary.''; (3) by striking subparagraph (4) and redesignating subparagraph (5) as subparagraph (4); and (4) in subparagraph (4) (as so redesignated), by striking clause (D). SEC. 5. INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. Chapter IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00910", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00042", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Foster Care Mentoring Act of 2003''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Research shows that caring adults can make a difference in children's lives. Forty-five percent of mentored teens are less likely to use drugs. Fifty-nine percent of mentored teens have better academic performance. Seventy-three percent of mentored teens achieve higher goals generally. (2) Children that have mentors have better relationships with adults, fewer disciplinary referrals, and more confidence to achieve their goals. (3) In 2001, over 163,000 children in the foster care system were under the age of 5 years. (4) In 2001, over 124,000 children were under the age of 10 when they were removed from their parents or caretakers. (5) The International Day of the Child, sponsored by Children United Nations, has served as a great tool to recruit mentors and partner them with needy foster care children. (6) On November 10, 2002, as many as 3,000 children will be matched with mentors as a result of the International Day of the Child. (7) States should be encouraged to incorporate mentor programs into the delivery of their foster care services. The State of California serves as a great example, matching close to half a million mentors with needy children. (8) Mentor programs that serve foster children are unique and require additional considerations including specialized training and support necessary to provide for consistent, long term relationships for children in care. (9) Mentor programs are cost-effective approaches to decreasing the occurrence of so many social ills such as teen pregnancy, substance abuse, incarceration and violence. SEC. 3. PROGRAMS FOR MENTORING CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE. Subpart 2 of part B of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 629 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 440. PROGRAMS FOR MENTORING CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE. ``(a) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to authorize the Secretary to make grants to eligible applicants to support the establishment or expansion and operation of programs using a network of public and private community entities to provide mentoring for children in foster care. ``(b) Definitions.--In this section: ``(1) Children in foster care", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01092", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00043", "text": "iding over a meeting of his closest security advisers, their biggest Vietnam concern the struggle to avoid the loss of the U.S. Marine combat base of Khe Sanh that over the weeks had been threatened by a growing number of North Vietnamese troops. Nearly half of all American combat troops in Vietnam were being moved to the northern provinces to support Khe Sanh and other border bases. It was during the meeting that President Johnson first heard the alarming news from Saigon. His special assistant for national security affairs, Walt Rostow, returned after taking a call from the National Military Command Center. It was 2:35 p.m. Rostow, a hawk on Vietnam who late in 1967 had used the phrase \"light at the end of the tunnel\" to describe the war policy's successes, announced, \"We have just been informed that we are being heavily mortared in Saigon. The presidential palace, our bachelor officers' quarters, the embassy and the city itself have been hit.\" The minutes of the meeting record President Johnson as responding, \"This could be very bad. What can we do to shake them from this?... What comes to mind in the way of retaliation?\" Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, the primary architect of early war policy whose growing doubts about the morality of the American effort had led to his announced replacement, gave little weight to the initial information, suggesting it should be handled as \"a 'public relations' issue.\" Around the same time, William Colby, the CIA's chief of the Far East Division, at work at the agency's Langley, Virginia, headquarters, received a flash message from Saigon station reporting that \"a violent attack against the American Embassy is in progress with the attackers possibly within the embassy itself.\" Colby advised them in a flash return message that the Communications Center should button up its steel doors. Colby was a former CIA station chief in Saigon, a confidant of the slain President Ngo Dinh Diem, and a proponent of a counter insurgency strategy that relied less on American combat troops. Within days, he would be on his way to South Vietnam to help pick up the pieces of a crumbling policy. As the 3 million people of Saigon became abruptly aware of the brutal enemy intrusion in their Tet holiday celebrations, there was confusion within the South Vietnamese security ranks. Many of the military police primarily responsible for city protection were at home celebrating with their families. President Nguyen Van Thieu, who", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00811", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00044", "text": "An unusual Android bug found by a Reddit user is causing a lot of people to scratch their heads: When typing \"the1975..com\" (note the extra dot) the poster found all of his recent text messages displayed through Google instead of the content he was searching for. Other Reddit users chimed in saying that they were getting the same results, with some even experiencing it when they performed a search for \"Vizela viagens\" (a travel agency in one Reddit user's home town), and the glitch also appeared with variant spellings too. Reddit users with a wide variety of Android devices said they were affected as well. Particularly interesting is one comment stating that if you type \"my text messages\" into the search bar you receive the same result. What this means for how Google may be caching text messages is unknown. Is it a security risk? Google has yet to issue a statement regarding the bug, and without some acknowledgement of the issue and its scope it's difficult to know if there is any real risk of data exposure. More likely is the possibility that the bug is connected to Google Assistant, as pointed out by an article on MSPoweruser: \"upon testing, I found out that any Android device with Google Assistant has this issue. It isn't certain if this is a deliberate action by Google or just a weird glitch that [lets] Google access the messages stored on the device.\" SEE: Mobile device computing policy (Tech Pro Research) Google Assistant has been able to read text messages aloud for some time, raising the distinct possibility that Google simply overlooked a few precise search terms that would generate the same result. Those concerned about the privacy and security of their text messages can protect themselves, and the process is easy. Open the Settings app, tap on the Apps option, and then revoke SMS permissions from the Google app. There's a good chance this isn't anything more than a simple bug, but taking precautions to protect your personal messages is good to do just in case. The big takeaways for tech leaders: Android users are reportedly finding their text messages in Google Search results when typing specific things like \"the1975..com\" or \"Vizela viagens.\" It's not known at this point if there is a security risk inherent in this glitch. It's more likely that this is a bug tied to Google Assistant's ability to read text messages aloud. If you're still concerned about device security you can disable Google's SMS permissions in the Android Settings app.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00574", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00045", "text": "We report on the serendipitous discovery of a 442-Hz pulsar during a Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observation of the globular cluster NGC 6440. The oscillation is detected following a burst-like event which was decaying at the beginning of the observation. The time scale of the decay suggests we may have seen the tail-end of a long-duration burst. Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are known to emit thermonuclear X-ray bursts that are sometimes modulated by the spin frequency of the star, the so called burst oscillations. The pulsations reported here are peculiar if interpreted as canonical burst oscillations. In particular, the pulse train lasted for ~500 s, much longer than in standard burst oscillations. The signal was highly coherent and drifted down by ~2x10^-3 Hz, much smaller than the ~Hz drifts typically observed during normal bursts. The pulsations are reminiscent of those observed during the much more energetic ``superbursts'', however, the temporal profile and the energetics of the burst suggest that it was not the tail end nor the precursor feature of a superburst. It is possible that we caught the tail end of an outburst from a new `intermittent'' accreting X-ray millisecond pulsar, a phenomenon which until now has only been seen in HETE J1900.1$-$2455 (Galloway et al. 2007). We note that (Kaaret et al. 2003) reported the discovery of a 409.7 Hz burst oscillation from SAX J1748.9-2021, also located in NGC 6440. However, Chandra X-ray Observatory imaging indicates it contains several point-like X-ray sources, thus the 442 Hz object is likely a different source.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00437", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00046", "text": "the pulse of his team. He relates to everyone very well and I've been able to see that and look at that through a different lens. When we need a push, he pushes us. When we need love, he loves us. When we need a pat on the back, he does that. When we need to run hills, we run hills,\" McDaniels said. \"He just has a tremendous ability to understand when to do what as a head coach. And he serves us in so many ways to make us better coaches, to make the players better players. He's there to help us, he doesn't take it away from us. Believe me, I make tons of mistakes in my role and he's there to help.\" McDaniels didn't think it was possible, but he now holds Belichick in even higher regard than he did during his first stint from 2006-08, because he now realizes all the juggling head coaches have to do. \"Before you leave and you do that, it's hard to say that you know what he's going through because you really don't,\" McDaniels said. \"I'm very happy for the experiences that I've gone through. A lot of the failings in my career have been some of the best teachers that I've had. I've really learned a lot from them, I think I'm a better person, a better coach, a better communicator, a lot of things because of the things that I haven't done well.\" One thing he's done exceptionally well is working with Brady, who's going for his sixth Super Bowl ring Sunday when the Patriots play the NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles. McDaniels has long held that working with Brady made him a better coach, because he always had to be prepared to answer the quarterback's incessant questions, to justify the smallest of his decisions, to explain what everyone's role was on every single play. \"We haven't treated each other any differently. He treats me with the respect of a coach and I treat him like I need to make him a better player,\" McDaniels said. \"And I think that's the only way to do it. I know his experience and his understanding is above all others as a player. But I don't really focus a whole lot on that. I focus on the next team, the next week, the next practice, our scheme, what we're trying to do and he's very respectful of that.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00722", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00047", "text": "Ryan Duguid, SVP of technology strategy at Nintex, spoke with TechRepublic's Dan Patterson about the role of non-IT employees in cloud transitions. Watch the video or read the transcript of their conversation below: Patterson: The cloud has had an undeniably transformative effect on the enterprise and SaaS, of course, is at the heart of cloud growth. Now, the growth of SaaS might be up to non-IT workers. Ryan, thank you very much for your time today. I wonder if we could first define how SaaS has grown historically to this point, and then we'll talk a little bit about why it's up to non-IT employees to help the growth of the cloud, and cloud-based applications. Duguid: Certainly, so at the end of the day, the massive upswing in SaaS is driven for obvious reasons, right? There's cost savings associated with it, a lack of requirement for as many IT administrators to keep the lights on, but fundamentally, I think it's about speed of delivery of technology to the business, and that's always been a problem in the IT sector, and SaaS really makes the promise to solve that problem. Patterson: So what is it about SaaS that has either reached an apex, or what is it that is now demanding non-IT employees to buy in as well? Duguid: I think there's two parts to this, right? The first part is that at the end of the day, SaaS has largely been driven by demand from the business. IT historically has struggled to keep up with the requirements of the business, and so the business is constantly pushing for the latest and greatest technology. I think the other side of it, is now there's a proliferation of SaaS vendors out there, when in the early days it was the big boys like the Workdays, and Salesforce and the likes. There's not a SaaS application for everything, for every business function, for every industry, no matter how large or small, and so as a result there's really this thirst or appetite for the business to get in and self-serve, even if IT's not willing to be a part of that journey. Patterson: Can you give us a profile of some of the IT and business technology decision makers who are now involved in the process of adopting SaaS solutions for the enterprise? SEE: Vendor Relationship Policy (Tech Pro Research) Duguid: Certainly,", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00564", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00048", "text": "The Critical Pomeron solution of high-energy unitarity leads to a unique underlying massless field theory that might be the origin of the Standard Model. A color sextet quark sector - producing both electroweak symmetry breaking and dark matter - is added to QCD to saturate asymptotic freedom. The sextet sector is then embedded uniquely in ``QUD'' - an anomaly free, just asymptotically free, massless SU(5) theory with elementary lepton and triplet quark sectors very close to the Standard Model. A multi-regge bound-state S-Matrix is constructed using infra-red divergent scaling reggeon interactions that couple via massless fermion chiral anomalies. Within the QCD sub-sector there is an ``anomalous wee gluon'' critical phenomenon that produces a spectrum with confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. The exponentiation of left-handed gauge boson divergences implies that the full set of composite interactions and the low-mass spectrum of QUD could be just those of the Standard Model. All particles, including neutrinos, appear as massive, Goldstone boson related, bound-states and there is no Higgs field. The different coupling strengths, multiple mass scales, and multigenerational structure should also appear. The Critical Pomeron may be the S-Matrix manifestation of the underlying fixed-point field theory. If QUD underlies the Standard Model as described, the sextet sector should produce new, unmistakeable, large cross-sections at the LHC, for which the pomeron could be the main diagnostic!", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 317, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00452", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00049", "text": "We selected a mass-limited sample of 4048 objects from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey in the redshift interval 0.5<z<1.3. We used the amplitude of the 4000 Balmer break (Dn4000) to separate the galaxy population and the EW[OII]3727 line as proxy for the star formation activity. We discuss to what extent stellar mass drives galaxy evolution, showing for the first time the interplay between stellar ages and stellar masses over the past 8Gyr. Low-mass galaxies have small Dn4000 and at increasing stellar mass, the galaxy distribution moves to higher Dn4000 values as observed in the local Universe. As cosmic time goes by, we witness an increasing abundance of massive spectroscopically ET systems at the expense of the LT systems. This spectral transformation is a process started at early epochs and continuing efficiently down to the local Universe. This is confirmed by the evolution of our type-dependent stellar mass function. The underlying stellar ages of LT galaxies apparently do not show evolution, likely as a result of a continuous formation of new stars. All star formation activity indicators consistently point towards a star formation history peaked in the past for massive galaxies, with little or no residual star formation taking place in the most recent epochs. The activity and efficiency of forming stars are mechanisms that depend on stellar mass, and the mass assembly becomes progressively less efficient in massive systems as time elapses. The concepts of star formation downsizing and mass assembly downsizing describe a single scenario that has a top-down evolutionary pattern. The role of (dry) merging events seems to be only marginal at z<1.3, as our estimated efficiency in stellar mass assembly can possibly account for the progressive accumulation of passively evolving galaxies.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 361, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00165", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00050", "text": "We present results from the first robust investigation of galaxy morphology as a function of environment at z>1.5. Our study is motivated by the fact that star-forming galaxies contained within a protocluster at z=2.3 in the HS1700+64 field have significantly older ages and larger stellar masses on average than those at similar redshifts but more typical environmental densities. In the analysis of HST/ACS images, we apply non-parametric statistics to characterize the rest-frame UV morphologies of a sample of 85 UV-selected star-forming galaxies at z=1.7-2.9, 22 of which are contained in the protocluster. The remaining 63 control-sample galaxies are not in the protocluster but have a similar mean redshift of <z>~2.3. We find no environmental dependence for the distributions of morphological properties. Combining the measured morphologies with the results of population synthesis modeling, we find only weak correlations, if any, between morphological and stellar population properties such as stellar mass, age, extinction and star-formation rate. Given the incomplete census of the protocluster galaxy population, and the lack of correlation between rest-frame UV morphology and star-formation history at z~2 within our sample, the absence of environmental trends in the distribution of morphological properties is not surprising. Additionally, using a larger sample of photometric candidates, we compare morphological distributions for 282 UV-selected and 43 near-IR-selected galaxies. While the difference in the degree of nebulosity between the two samples appears to be a byproduct of the fainter average rest-frame UV surface brightness of the near-IR-selected galaxies, we find that, among the lowest surface brightness galaxies, the near-IR-selected objects have significantly smaller angular sizes (abridged).", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00268", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00051", "text": "sometimes performs studies of their own. The seal is a \"symbol that an independent panel reviewed and approved the product for its safety and effectiveness,\" Spomer says. Many toothpastes carry the ADA seal. So far only one over-the-counter-bleaching product does — Crest 3D White Glamorous White Whitestrips. Even so, Sahota says many over-the-counter products that don't carry the seal can still be effective if used as directed. Most cause some tooth sensitivity during the bleaching process, but that goes away once the process is complete, she says. Depending on which product is used, bleaching can take anywhere from two to six weeks. And, if you're not careful, Sahota says the products can leak onto the gums, causing inflammation and \"extra sensitivity\" to pressure, temperature and touch. A safer but more costly option might be to buy a custom-made tray from your dentist, Sahota says. Unlike the one-size-fits-all trays sold over the counter, a dentist makes the tray \"just for you\" she says. The tray hugs the teeth and ensures the gel is kept where it should be and is evenly applied. The kits cost about $400; this at-home whitening process can take up to four weeks, depending on how stained the teeth are to begin with. Generally, the trays are worn for one or two hours a day. If you want an even faster route, you'll have to pay more. Bleaching in the dental office can run more than $1,000, but results are quick and more dramatic. Dentists use bleaching gels that rely on high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (up to 40 percent hydrogen peroxide, compared to a 5 to 6 percent concentration in drugstore kits and a 10 to 15 percent solution in the home-kits from dentists). So the whole process in the dentist's office can take just an hour or two to complete. And because the peroxide concentrations used there are much higher, the results can be many shades lighter than with take-home kits and over-the-counter products. An important caveat: Insurance companies consider in-office teeth whitening \"cosmetic\" so the procedures are almost never covered. Nonetheless, more Americans are opting for in-office whitening. In 2015, in-office bleaching procedures rose 29 percent over the year before, according to an American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry survey. And there's at least a little evidence that", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00652", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00052", "text": "The min-sum (MS) algorithm is arguably the second most fundamental algorithm in the realm of message passing due to its optimality (for a tree code) with respect to the {\\em block error} probability \\cite{Wiberg}. There also seems to be a fundamental relationship of MS decoding with the linear programming decoder \\cite{Koetter}. Despite its importance, its fundamental properties have not nearly been studied as well as those of the sum-product (also known as BP) algorithm. We address two questions related to the MS rule. First, we characterize the stability condition under MS decoding. It turns out to be essentially the same condition as under BP decoding. Second, we perform a degree distribution optimization. Contrary to the case of BP decoding, under MS decoding the thresholds of the best degree distributions for standard irregular LDPC ensembles are significantly bounded away from the Shannon threshold. More precisely, on the AWGN channel, for the best codes that we find, the gap to capacity is 1dB for a rate 0.3 code and it is 0.4dB when the rate is 0.9 (the gap decreases monotonically as we increase the rate). We also used the optimization procedure to design codes for modified MS algorithm where the output of the check node is scaled by a constant $1/\\alpha$. For $\\alpha = 1.25$, we observed that the gap to capacity was lesser for the modified MS algorithm when compared with the MS algorithm. However, it was still quite large, varying from 0.75 dB to 0.2 dB for rates between 0.3 and 0.9. We conclude by posing what we consider to be the most important open questions related to the MS algorithm.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 354, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00133", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00053", "text": "We study the CO and the radiocontinuum emission in an active galaxy to analyze the interplay between the central activity and the molecular gas. We present new high-resolution observations of the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emission lines, and 3.5 cm and 20 cm radio continuum emission in the central region of the LINER/starburst galaxy NGC 6764. The galaxy has an outflow morphology in radio continuum, spatially coincident with the CO and H$\\alpha$ emission, and centered slightly off the radio continuum peak at the LINER nucleus. The total molecular gas mass in the center is about 7x10^8 \\msun, using a CO luminosity to total molecular gas conversion factor that is three times lower than the standard one. CO(1-0) emission is found near the boundaries of the radio continuum emission cone. The outflow has a projected expansion velocity of 25 km/s relative to the systemic velocity of NGC6764. About 4x 10^6 \\msun of molecular gas is detected in the outflow. The approximate location (~1 kpc) of the dynamical inner Lindblad resonance has been derived from the rotation curve. The peak of the CO emission is slightly (< 200 pc) offset from the peak of the radio continuum. The molecular gas has most likely been ejected by the stellar winds from the recent starburst, but the CO line ratios show indication of an interaction with the AGN. The energy released by the nuclear starburst is sufficient to explain the observed outflow, even if the data cannot exclude the AGN from being the major energy source. Comparison of the outflow with hydrodynamical simulations suggests that the nuclear starburst is 3--7 Myr old and the bubble-like outflow is still confined and not freely expanding.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 376, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00341", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00054", "text": "We investigate the evolution of binary fractions in star clusters using N-body models of up to 100000 stars. Primordial binary frequencies in these models range from 5% to 50%. Simulations are performed with the NBODY4 code and include a full mass spectrum of stars, stellar evolution, binary evolution and the tidal field of the Galaxy. We find that the overall binary fraction of a cluster almost always remains close to the primordial value, except at late times when a cluster is near dissolution. A critical exception occurs in the central regions where we observe a marked increase in binary fraction with time -- a simulation starting with 100000 stars and 5% binaries reached a core binary frequency as high as 40% at the end of the core-collapse phase (occurring at 16 Gyr with ~20000 stars remaining). Binaries are destroyed in the core by a variety of processes as a cluster evolves, but the combination of mass-segregation and creation of new binaries in exchange interactions produces the observed increase in relative number. We also find that binaries are cycled into and out of cluster cores in a manner that is analogous to convection in stars. For models of 100000 stars we show that the evolution of the core-radius up to the end of the initial phase of core-collapse is not affected by the exact value of the primordial binary frequency (for frequencies of 10% or less). We discuss the ramifications of our results for the likely primordial binary content of globular clusters.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 303, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00003", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00055", "text": "(Abridged) I report new light curves and determine the rotations and phase functions of several large Kuiper Belt objects, including the dwarf planet Eris (2003 UB313). (120348) 2004 TY364 shows a light curve which if double-peaked has a period of 11.70+-0.01 hours and peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.22+-0.02 magnitudes. (84922) 2003 VS2 has a well defined double-peaked light curve of 7.41+-0.02 hours with a 0.21+-0.02 magnitude range. (126154) 2001 YH140 shows variability of 0.21+-0.04 magnitudes with a possible 13.25+-0.2 hour single-peaked period. The seven new KBOs in the sample which show no discernible variations within the uncertainties on short rotational time scales are 2001 UQ18, (55565) 2002 AW197, (119979) 2002 WC19, (120132) 2003 FY128, (136108) Eris 2003 UB313, (90482) Orcus 2004 DW, and (90568) 2004 GV9. The three medium to large sized Kuiper Belt objects 2004 TY364, Orcus and 2004 GV9 show fairly steep linear phase curves (~0.18 to 0.26 mags per degree) between phase angles of 0.1 and 1.5 degrees. The extremely large dwarf planet Eris (2003 UB313) shows a shallower phase curve (0.09+-0.03 mags per degree) which is more similar to the other known dwarf planet Pluto. It appears the surface properties of the largest dwarf planets in the Kuiper Belt maybe different than the smaller Kuiper Belt objects. This may have to do with the larger objects ability to hold more volatile ices as well as sustain atmospheres. The absolute magnitudes obtained using the measured phase slopes are a few tenths of magnitudes different from those given by the MPC.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 438, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00045", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00056", "text": "(C) is addressed to a qualified individual. (3) Mail described.--Mail described in this paragraph is-- (A) any first-class mail (including any sound- or video-recorded communication) not exceeding 13 ounces in weight and having the character of personal correspondence; and (B) parcel post not exceeding 15 pounds in weight. (4) Limitations.-- (A) Number.--An individual shall be eligible for 1 voucher for each month in which such individual is a qualified individual. (B) Use.--Any such voucher may not be used-- (i) for more than a single qualified mailing; or (ii) after the earlier of-- (I) the expiration date of such voucher, as designated by the Secretary of Defense; or (II) the last day of the 1-year period referred to in section 4. (5) Coordination rule.--Postal benefits under this Act shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any reduced rates of postage or other similar benefits which might otherwise be available by or under law, including any rates of postage resulting from the application of section 3401(b) of title 39, United States Code. (d) Regulations.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense (in consultation with the Postal Service) shall prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this Act, including-- (1) procedures by which vouchers will be provided or made available in timely manner to persons duly identified by qualified individuals to receive those vouchers; and (2) procedures to ensure that the number of vouchers provided or made available with respect to any qualified individual complies with subsection (c)(4)(A). SEC. 3. FUNDING. (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Defense a sum determined by the Department of Defense to be equal to the expenses incurred by the Department in providing the benefits described in section 2(c). (b) Transfers to Postal Service.-- (1) Based on estimates.--The Department of Defense shall transfer to the Postal Service, out of any amount so appropriated and in advance of each calendar quarter during which postal benefits under this Act may be used, an amount equal to the amount of postal benefits that the Department of Defense estimates will be used during such quarter, reduced or increased (as the case may be) by any amounts by which the Department finds that a determination under this section", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01070", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00057", "text": "any individual who-- (1) is convicted of a criminal sexual offense against a victim who is an older individual, which shall include any such offense under State law for conduct that would constitute an offense under chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code, had the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison; and (2) is a sexually violent predator. (b) Compliance and Ineligibility.-- (1) Compliance date.--Each State shall have not more than 3 years from the date of enactment of this Act to comply with subsection (a), except that-- (A) the Attorney General may grant an additional 2 years to a State that is making good faith efforts to comply with such subsection; and (B) the Attorney General shall waive the requirements of subsection (a) if compliance with such subsection by a State would be unconstitutional under the constitution of such State. (2) Ineligibility for funds.--For any fiscal year after the expiration of the period specified in paragraph (1), a State that fails to comply with subsection (a) shall not receive 10 percent of the funds that would otherwise be allocated for that fiscal year to the State under the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program under subpart 1 of part E of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3750 et seq.). (c) Reallocation.--Amounts not allocated under the program referred to in subsection (b)(2) to a State for failure to fully comply with subsection (a) shall be reallocated under that program to States that have not failed to comply with such subsection. (d) Definitions.--For the purposes of this section-- (1) the term ``older individual'' means an individual who is 65 years of age or older; and (2) the term ``sexually violent predator'' means a person who-- (A) has been convicted of a sexually violent offense; and (B) has been diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional as having a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person likely to engage in predatory sexually violent offenses, or has been determined by a court to suffer from such an illness or disorder. SEC. 4. AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL SENTENCING GUIDELINES. (a) Request for Immediate Consideration by the United States Sentencing Commission.--Pursuant to", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01074", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00058", "text": "to fill in the gap without him. Bennett signed with Green Bay in the offseason, before being released by the Packers in November. He then re-signed with the Patriots, but only appeared in two games before being placed on season-ending injured reserve. Brady said he wants to spend the rest of the time leading up to the Super Bowl avoiding all possible distractions. That includes not talking about a new series that debuted on Facebook recently and provides viewers a rare glimpse at his life off the field. \"What? Let's talk about distractions,\" Brady joked when he was asked about the series Saturday. \"We'll stick to football this week, too. I like that no distractions part.\" Though this will be Brady's eighth trip to the Super Bowl, the 40-year-old said he still has an appreciation for what it takes to be playing at this point of the season. \"I've never taken anything like this for granted, and I think we're all very fortunate to be in this game,\" he said. \"Being a part of a couple of these losses, those are pretty tough to swallow, but I think you realize how much effort you have to put in to prepare. It's a very unique environment, unique game, and you have to be at your best. But in order to do that, you have to prepare as well as you possibly can.\" ___ More AP NFL: http://www.pro32.ap.org and http://www.twitter.com/AP_NFL ___ Follow Kyle Hightower on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/khightower", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 311, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00766", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00059", "text": "Context: L'-band (3.8 micron) images of the Galactic Center show a large number of thin filaments in the mini-spiral, located west of the mini-cavity and along the inner edge of the Northern Arm. One possible mechanism that could produce such structures is the interaction of a central wind with the mini-spiral. Additionally, we identify similar features that appear to be associated with stars. Aims: We present the first proper motion measurements of the thin dust filaments observed in the central parsec around SgrA* and investigate possible mechanisms that could be responsible for the observed motions. Methods: The observations have been carried out using the NACO adaptive optics system at the ESO VLT. The images have been transformed to a common coordinate system and features of interest were extracted. Then a cross-correlation technique could be performed in order to determine the offsets between the features with respect to their position in the reference epoch. Results: We derive the proper motions of a number of filaments and 2 cometary shaped dusty sources close (in projection) to SgrA*. We show that the shape and the motion of the filaments does not agree with a purely Keplerian motion of the gas in the potential of the supermassive black hole at the position of SgrA*. Therefore, additional mechanisms must be responsible for their formation and motion. We argue that the properties of the filaments are probably related to an outflow from the disk of young mass-losing stars around SgrA*. In part, the outflow may originate from the black hole itself. We also present some evidence and theoretical considerations that the outflow may be collimated.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 339, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00094", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00060", "text": "We report the detection of the millisecond pulsar B1257+12 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In a 20 ks exposure we detected 25 photons from the pulsar, with energies between 0.4 and 2.0 keV, corresponding to the flux F_X=(4.4+/- 0.9)*10^{-15} ergs s^{-1} cm^{-2} in this energy range. The X-ray spectrum can be described by a power-law model with photon index Gamma = 2.8 and luminosity L_X \\approx 2.5*10^{29} ergs s^{-1} in the 0.3--8 keV band, for a plausible distance of 500 pc and hydrogen column density N_H=3*10^{20} cm^{-2}. Alternatively, the spectrum can be fitted by a blackbody model with kT ~ 0.22 keV and projected emitting area ~2000 m^2. If the thermal X-rays are emitted from two symmetric polar caps, the bolometric luminosity of the two caps is 2 L_bol ~ 3*10^{29} ergs s^{-1}. We compared our results with the data on other 30 millisecond pulsars observed in X-rays and found that the apparent X-ray efficiency of PSR B1257+12, L_X/Edot ~ 3*10^{-5} for d=500 pc, is lower than those of most of millisecond pulsars. This might be explained by an unfavorable orientation of the X-ray pulsar beam if the radiation is magnetospheric, or by strong asymmetry of polar caps if the radiation is thermal (e.g., one of the polar caps is much brighter than the other and remains invisible for most part of the pulsar period). Alternatively, it could be attributed to absorption of X-rays in circumpulsar matter, such as a flaring debris disk left over after formation of the planetary system around the pulsar.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 413, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00052", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00061", "text": "Based on radial velocity measurements it has been found recently that the two giant planets detected around the star HD 73526 are in 2:1 resonance. However, as our numerical integration shows, the derived orbital data for this system result in chaotic behavior of the giant planets, which is uncommon among the resonant extrasolar planetary systems. We intend to present regular (non-chaotic) orbital solutions for the giant planets in the system HD 73526 and offer formation scenarios based on combining planetary migration and sudden perturbative effects such as planet-planet scattering or rapid dispersal of the protoplanetary disk. A comparison with the already studied resonant system HD 128311, exhibiting similar behavior, is also done. The new sets of orbital solutions have been derived by the Systemic Console (www.oklo.org). The stability of these solutions has been investigated by the Relative Lyapunov indicator, while the migration and scattering effects are studied by gravitational N-body simulations applying non-conservative forces as well. Additionally, hydrodynamic simulations of embedded planets in protoplanetary disks are performed to follow the capture into resonance. For the system HD 73526 we demonstrate that the observational radial velocity data are consistent with a coplanar planetary system engaged in a stable 2:1 resonance exhibiting apsidal corotation. We have shown that, similarly to the system HD 128311, the present dynamical state of HD 73526 could be the result of a mixed evolutionary process melting together planetary migration and a perturbative event.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 309, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00257", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00062", "text": "in our repertoire are so amazing—it's a great honor to be able to carry them on with the new dancers for the future. Krohn with Robert Fairchild in Justin Peck's Everywhere We Go. Video Courtesy NYCB. Is there someone who's teaching style or mentorship style you'd most like to emulate? There are a couple of ballet masters that I've connected to. I'm very close to Karin von Aroldingen. Her undying passion for these pieces is incredibly inspiring. Susan Hendl has also been an inspiration. She has a wonderful talent of drawing out everyone's unique qualities and femininity. What parts of your life outside of ballet do you most look forward to cultivating now that you'll have more time on your hands? I'm looking forward to having more time to enjoy museums in the city. While I was dancing I didn't want to be up on my legs all day on my days off. I won't have to worry about that so much now, and I can spend my day off roaming around and being inspired. I also love to cook, so I'll get to cook a lot more and hopefully host more dinner parties. Krohn and Company in Balanchine's \"Serenade.\" Photo by Paul Kolnik, Courtesy NYCB. Do you have a piece of advice for young dancers who are just starting out? What's so special about ballet is the discipline that it instills. It's important for young dancers to really understand that that is what's taught to you in ballet class every day. It's an invaluable quality for a person to have, whether they continue to dance or end up doing other things. My other piece of advice is that you have to treat each day as a new start. Some days you might not feel good about yourself, or things in your body might not be working well—every day is different. But you have to start fresh, be positive and move forward.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00500", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00063", "text": "Unfortunately, it seems there's a phishing scheme to go along with virtually every event in life, whether a holiday, a tragedy, or an annual ritual. Tax time is not exempt, so to speak. Whether you work in finance or you support users who do, it's important to be on the lookout this tax season for phishing schemes geared towards obtaining confidential information from unsuspecting individuals. What should users look out for? A common phishing attempt involves compromised or spoofed emails which purport to be from an executive at your organization and are sent either to human resources or finance/payroll employees. The email requests a list of employees and their related W-2 forms. That's not all, however. Another common scam (which can occur throughout the year) involves receiving a phone call from an individual claiming to be from the IRS (caller ID can be spoofed to show this as well) who informs you that you owe money for back taxes and often threatens law enforcement retribution if payment (usually via credit card over the phone) isn't provided. The IRS will never call you on the phone to report you owe them money nor demand money over the phone; they utilize the postal service for such notifications. They also will not engage in threats and are supposed to provide an opportunity for you to work constructively with them or negotiate payment. SEE: IT leader's guide to cyberattack recovery (Tech Pro Research) What standard protection methods should be used? The typical safeguards against phishing can protect you and your employees; establish a policy against requesting confidential information through email, call people directly to verify such requests, arrange for secure transfer of data, and limit the number of employees who possess the authority to access or handle W-2 forms. The IRS also recommends contacting them about any malicious activity. Phishing attempts can be reported to phishing@irs.gov. If someone from your company has given out W-2 information, contact dataloss@irs.gov with a description of what happened and how many employees were affected. Also make sure not to attach any confidential information! If your company is contacted by scammers claiming you owe the IRS money, report it via the IRS Impersonation Scam Reporting webpage. You can also call 800-366-4484. You should also report this to the Federal Trade Commission via the FTC Complaint Assistant on FTC.gov. What else is available to help here? Education and establishing proper procedures can be helpful in minimizing risk, but I also highly recommend using technology to safeguard", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00517", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00064", "text": "we just couldn't get it. We just didn't want to give it up.\" Day was on his \"third-string\" caddie. He said Luke Reardon, who caddied for him at the end of last year, and David Lutterus, who was going to be on the bag, had trouble securing visas. His third in line, childhood friend Rika Batibasaga, \"he's marrying an American and I knew that he's in here already,\" Day said. \"So I was like, 'I've got to grab someone, either grab him or grab someone out of the crowd.'\" Day hopes this victory leads to a turnaround from a miserable 2017, which included his mother recovering from lung cancer and a game that lost some discipline and focus. \"I think last year was a good kick in the butt, you know, not really being talked about and being talked about for the wrong reasons,\" the 30-year-old Australian said. \"Obviously take my mum and stuff out of the equation, but just I see the guys winning, Jordan (Spieth), and Dustin (Johnson) is playing some tremendous golf, Jon Rahm's playing some tremendous golf, and I feel like I should be there as well, winning.\" Day is currently ranked No. 10 in the world. Getting back to the top is the goal. \"I got there for 51 weeks, but I've always wanted to be a dominant No. 1 player in the world and that is going to take time,\" he said. \"That's going to take a lot of hard work and dedication because I know how hard it is to get to No. 1 in the world and I know the quality of play that is fighting to get to No. 1 as well.\" ___ Follow Bernie Wilson on Twitter at http://twitter.com/berniewilson", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00780", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00065", "text": "In the Alabama Republican Senate race, every candidate wants to be just like Donald Trump. But in Tuesday's primary, the leading candidate sounds and acts more like the president, while it's the incumbent, an appointed senator just fighting to make it into a likely runoff, who has Trump's actual blessing — but also the curse of being Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell's favorite candidate. That's the conundrum of the Republican contest, largely seen as a three-way race between front-runner Roy Moore, a controversial former Alabama Supreme Court chief justice; Sen. Luther Strange, appointed back in February to fill the seat of now-Attorney General Jeff Sessions; and Rep. Mo Brooks, who's seized on an anti-McConnell platform as the president's attacks against the Senate's top Republican have intensified recently. Moore has consistently polled atop the field, and looks likely to claim a spot in a probable September runoff. His ads sound downright Trumpian, promising to \"drain the swamp\" and taking a swipe at D.C. elites. Moore is well-known throughout the state — and the country — too. He first gained national notoriety when he refused to remove a monument of the Ten Commandments from a state judicial building despite a federal court order; Moore himself was then removed from his position as chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court in 2003. He won election to the same post again in 2012, but was then suspended after he ordered judges to enforce the state's ban on same-sex marriage despite the Supreme Court's 2015 decision in favor of gay marriage nationwide under the federal Constitution. He resigned earlier this year to challenge Strange. To state observers, it's not surprising that Moore has been able to build a strong following and even expand beyond what might be his typical conservative base in the state. \"Alabama voters supported Trump because he spoke his mind and said all the things they had been thinking about government,\" said Brent Buchanan, a GOP strategist and pollster in the state. \"Out of all the candidates, Roy Moore has some of those similar characteristics. You may not agree with all of his policy or personal preferences, but you know that Roy Moore is going to do what Roy Moore believes.\" That's why it was so, well, strange last week when Trump tweeted out his support for Strange, saying the incumbent has his \"complete and total endorsement!\" The senator has benefited from millions of dollars in ads from the McConnell-aligned Senate Leadership Fund super PAC. The very next", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00649", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00066", "text": "PARIS (AP) — A young American man tried an underhand serve while cramping during a five-setter at the French Open. Hmm. Seen that before, haven't we? Except there was one key difference this time: For 21-year-old Jared Donaldson against No. 4-seed Grigor Dimitrov on Wednesday, unlike for 17-year-old — and eventual tournament champion — Michael Chang against Ivan Lendl in 1989, the unorthodox strategy didn't come in a victory. Dimitrov came back to beat the 57th-ranked Donaldson 6-7 (2), 6-4, 4-6, 6-4, 10-8 in a second-round match that lasted 4 hours, 19 minutes on the new Court 18 at Roland Garros. The most memorable aspect was Donaldson's two unusual service motions; he won the point the first time, but not the other. \"I would never try it if I was feeling 100 percent and stuff,\" said Donaldson, who could barely move by the end because of painful cramps in his legs. \"But obviously Grigor was playing so far back on the return that I felt like, 'You know, maybe it's just something that I'll try.' He obviously wasn't expecting it, you know what I mean? It's kind of a cheeky way to get a point.\" Donaldson said he has never seen footage of what Chang did 29 years ago. He did, however, know of the episode: Chang used an underhand serve while cramping during a fourth-round win over Lendl on the way to the French Open title; he remains the youngest man to win a major singles championship. Dimitrov was not angered by the tactic. Quite the opposite, actually, shrugging his shoulders and conceding it was smart for Donaldson to try it. \"It was beautiful, right?\" Dimitrov said. \"He wanted to use something different to kind of try to put me off guard.\" Before his first underhand attempt, Donaldson was actually two points from the victory, leading 6-5 in the fifth set and at love-30 on Dimitrov's serve. But Dimitrov took the next four points. In the next game, at 6-all, 40-30, Donaldson successfully used the underhand motion. He hit a short serve that two-time Grand Slam semifinalist Dimitrov returned long", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00703", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00067", "text": "According to a recent proposal [S. Takayama et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 061107 (2005)], the triangular lattice of triangular air holes may allow to achieve a complete photonic band gap in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs. In this work we present a systematic theoretical study of this photonic lattice in a high-index membrane, and a comparison with the conventional triangular lattice of circular holes, by means of the guided-mode expansion method whose detailed formulation is described here. Photonic mode dispersion below and above the light line, gap maps, and intrinsic diffraction losses of quasi-guided modes are calculated for the periodic lattice as well as for line- and point-defects defined therein. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) the triangular lattice of triangular holes does indeed have a complete photonic band gap for the fundamental guided mode, but the useful region is generally limited by the presence of second-order waveguide modes; (ii) the lattice may support the usual photonic band gap for even modes (quasi-TE polarization) and several band gaps for odd modes (quasi-TM polarization), which could be tuned in order to achieve doubly-resonant frequency conversion between an even mode at the fundamental frequency and an odd mode at the second-harmonic frequency; (iii) diffraction losses of quasi-guided modes in the triangular lattices with circular and triangular holes, and in line-defect waveguides or point-defect cavities based on these geometries, are comparable. The results point to the interest of the triangular lattice of triangular holes for nonlinear optics, and show the usefulness of the guided-mode expansion method for calculating photonic band dispersion and diffraction losses, especially for higher-lying photonic modes.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00208", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00068", "text": "Smaller terrestrial planets (< 0.3 Earth masses) are less likely to retain the substantial atmospheres and ongoing tectonic activity probably required to support life. A key element in determining if sufficiently massive \"sustainably habitable\" planets can form is the availability of solid planet-forming material. We use dynamical simulations of terrestrial planet formation from planetary embryos and simple scaling arguments to explore the implications of correlations between terrestrial planet mass, disk mass, and the mass of the parent star. We assume that the protoplanetary disk mass scales with stellar mass as Mdisk ~ f Mstar^h, where f measures the relative disk mass, and 1/2 < h < 2, so that disk mass decreases with decreasing stellar mass. We consider systems without Jovian planets, based on current models and observations for M stars. We assume the mass of a planet formed in some annulus of a disk with given parameters is proportional to the disk mass in that annulus, and show with a suite of simulations of late-stage accretion that the adopted prescription is surprisingly accurate. Our results suggest that the fraction of systems with sufficient disk mass to form > 0.3 Earth mass habitable planets decreases for low-mass stars for every realistic combination of parameters. This \"habitable fraction\" is small for stellar masses below a mass in the interval 0.5 to 0.8 Solar masses, depending on disk parameters, an interval that excludes most M stars. Radial mixing and therefore water delivery are inefficient in lower-mass disks commonly found around low-mass stars, such that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of most low-mass stars are likely to be small and dry.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 344, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00351", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00069", "text": "where water seeped from the reservoir through a hillside were common issues with dams. What mattered, said John Moyle, New Jersey's director of dam safety and flood control, was whether dam operators dealt with the problems carefully — patching cracks so they were watertight, and dealing with spots where water was leaking through so they didn't grow to undermine the concrete. The Department of Water Resources declined to answer specific questions about the repair work, saying engineers were focused on ensuring public safety. Robert Bea, professor emeritus of civil and environmental engineering at University of California, Berkeley, said it's \"obvious those repairs didn't work.\" \"We don't have details on the repairs, but they put cement into the cracks and troweled it over,\" Bea said. \"I call it 'patch and pray.'\" On Monday, federal regulators told the department it must enlist a group of independent consultants both to assess what went wrong and to recommend long-term fixes. Documents and interviews show that crews were patching cracks in 2009 and 2013. A water resources department spokesman said it was normal for maintenance crews to be troubleshooting cracks in the channel during dry summer months. One resident of the region said he saw crews in the spillway at least once a year for the past several years. \"When they have four or five trucks down there, the only thing they have to do is fill cracks,\" said Don Reighley, a retiree and fisherman who several times a week drives past the channel to launch his boat into the reservoir. One of the state inspectors who went to Oroville Dam in August said authorities may never know exactly what destabilized the spillway. \"Any type of evidence that might have been there is gone,\" Eric Holland of the water resources department's dam safety division said. \"Everything has been washed away.\" ___ Knickmeyer reported from Sonoma, California, Pritchard reported from Los Angeles. John Flesher in Traverse City, Michigan, contributed. ___ Contact Pritchard at https://twitter.com/lalanewsman.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 420, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00734", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00070", "text": "This paper investigates GRB 050802, one of the best examples of a it Swift gamma-ray burst afterglow that shows a break in the X-ray lightcurve, while the optical counterpart decays as a single power-law. This burst has an optically bright afterglow of 16.5 magnitude, detected throughout the 170-650nm spectral range of the UVOT on-board Swift. Observations began with the XRT and UVOT telescopes 286s after the initial trigger and continued for 1.2 x 10^6s. The X-ray lightcurve consists of three power-law segments: a rise until 420s, followed by a slow decay with alpha_2 = 0.63 +/- 0.03 until 5000s, after which, the lightcurve decays faster with a slope of alpha_3 = 1.59 +/- 0.03. The optical lightcurve decays as a single power-law with alpha_O = 0.82 +/- 0.03 throughout the observation. The X-ray data on their own are consistent with the break at 5000s being due to the end of energy injection. Modelling the optical to X-ray spectral energy distribution, we find that the optical afterglow can not be produced by the same component as the X-ray emission at late times, ruling out a single component afterglow. We therefore considered two-component jet models and find that the X-ray and optical emission is best reproduced by a model in which both components are energy injected for the duration of the observed afterglow and the X-ray break at 5000s is due to a jet break in the narrow component. This bright, well-observed burst is likely a guide for interpreting the surprising finding of Swift that bursts seldom display achromatic jet breaks.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 372, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00215", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00071", "text": ", Yahiya Osman helps Syrians register for ID cards and health care. He's a Syrian refugee himself, and has worked here for four years — even though he only got a work permit two weeks ago. \"It makes me eligible for private health insurance, a pension and worker's compensation,\" says Osman, 33. \"You've got to think ahead. We're not sure what's going to happen in Syria. We might have to stay here in Turkey forever.\" But Turkish government statistics show out of the 3 million Syrians here, fewer than 14,000 had work permits by January — a year into the program. \"It's a very exhausting procedure,\" says Sule Akarsu, who manages a charity that teaches Syrian refugees how to do bricklaying and other construction work. Her work is dedicated to helping Syrian refugees. Yet even she has not applied for work permits for her Syrian staff. \"It takes nearly three months to get permission for the Syrians,\" she says. \"It's also difficult for Turkish industry, doing all these procedures.\" Only companies can apply for these permits, not employees, and they must pay monthly social security for each worker — even if it's a Syrian who doesn't plan to stay in Turkey long-term. Some employers say it's not worth the hassle and expense. There are questions about how much Turkey's government really wants to implement this policy. It has threatened to fine companies that hire Syrians without permits. But the fines are rarely enforced. At an Istanbul cafe, Adnan Hadad, another Syrian, says it's not just the bureaucracy that slows things down. He's dragged his feet too. When he arrived four years ago, he thought he'd be in Turkey \"a couple of years,\" he says. \"But the Syrian war, and how it eventually evolved, made me realize I'll be here a lot longer,\" Hadad says. He still dreams of growing old back home in Syria. But for now, he's starting in on some Turkish paperwork.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 406, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00619", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00072", "text": "We first study the temporal Wilson loop in the finite-temperature non-commutative dipole field theory from the string/gauge correspondence. The associated dual supergravity background is constructed from the near-horizon geometry of near-extremal D-branes, after applying T-duality and smeared twist. We investigate the string configuration therein and find that while the temperature produces a maximum distance $L_{max}$ in the interquark distance the dipole in there could produce a minimum distance $L_{min}$. The quark boundary pair therefore could be found only if their distance is between $L_{min}$ and $L_{max}$. We also show that, beyond a critical temperature the quark pair becomes totally free due to screening by thermal bath. We next study the spatial Wilson loop and find the confining nature in the zero temperature 3D and 4D non-supersymmetry dipole gauge theory. The string tension of the linear confinement potential is obtained and found to be a decreasing function of the dipole field. We also investigate the associated t'Hooft loop and determine the corresponding monopole anti-monopole potential. The conventional screening of magnetic charge which indicates the confinement of the electric charge is replaced by a strong repulsive however. Finally, we show that the dual string which is rotating along the dipole deformed $S^5$ will behave as a static one without dipole field, which has no minimum distance and has larger energy than a static one with dipole field. We discuss the phase transition between these string solutions.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00288", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00073", "text": "Context: Weak flares are supposed to be an important heating agent of the outer layers of stellar atmospheres. However, due to instrumental limitations, only large X-ray flares have been studied in detail until now. Aims: We used an XMM-Newton observation of the very active BY-Dra type binary star CC Eri in order to investigate the properties of two flares that are weaker than those typically studied in the literature. Methods: We performed time-resolved spectroscopy of the data taken with the EPIC-PN CCD camera. A multi-temperature model was used to fit the spectra. We inferred the size of the flaring loops using the density-temperature diagram. The loop scaling laws were applied for deriving physical parameters of the flaring plasma. We also estimated the number of loops involved in the observed flares. Results: A large X-ray variability was found. Spectral analysis showed that all the regions in the light curve, including the flare segments, are well-described by a 3-T model with variable emission measures but, surprisingly, with constant temperatures (values of 3, 10 and 22 MK). The analysed flares lasted ~ 3.4 and 7.1 ks, with flux increases of factors 1.5-1.9. They occurred in arcades made of a few tens of similar coronal loops. The size of the flaring loops is much smaller than the distance between the stellar surfaces in the binary system, and even smaller than the radius of each of the stars. The obtained results are consistent with the following ideas: (i) the whole X-ray light curve of CC Eri could be the result of a superposition of multiple low-energy flares, and (ii) stellar flares can be scaled-up versions of solar flares.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 365, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00278", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00074", "text": "The soft X-ray background shows a general enhancement toward the inner region of the Galaxy. But whether this enhancement is a local feature (e.g., a superbubble within a distance of <= 200 pc) and/or a phenomenon related to energetic outflows from the Galactic center/bulge remains unclear. Here we report a comparative X-ray emission and absorption study of diffuse hot gas along the sight lines toward 3C 273 and Mrk 421, on and off the enhancement, but at similar Galactic latitudes. The diffuse 3/4-keV emission intensity, as estimated from the ROSAT All Sky Survey, is about three times higher toward 3C 273 than toward Mrk 421. Based on archival \\chandra grating observations of these two AGNs, we detect X-ray absorption lines (e.g., OVII Kalpha, Kbeta, and OVIII Kalpha transitions at z~0) and find that the mean hot gas thermal and kinematic properties along the two sight lines are significantly different. By subtracting the foreground and background contribution, as determined along the Mrk 421 sight line, we isolate the net X-ray absorption and emission produced by the hot gas associated with the enhancement in the direction of 3C 273. From a joint analysis of these differential data sets, we obtain the temperature, dispersion velocity, and hydrogen column density as 2.0(1.6, 2.3)E6 K, 216(104,480) km/s, and 2.2(1.4, 4.1)E19 cm^{-2}, respectively (90% confidence intervals), assuming that the gas is approximately isothermal, solar in metal abundances, and equilibrium in collisional ionization. We also constrain the effective line-of-sight extent of the gas to be 3.4(1.0, 10.1) kpc, strongly suggesting that the enhancement most likely represents a Galactic central phenomenon.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 404, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00159", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00075", "text": "Linux. And if you're wondering whether it's possible to hack the Classic Edition and load more games? That answer is also yes. There's plenty of information on the internet that will show you how to update the system's software and install additional games. But be warned: There's always a chance that modifying your system could cause irreparable damage. More importantly, downloading and using games for which you don't already own a license for is usually illegal. Yesterday's games running on today's tech The NES Classic Edition is pure retro gaming fun. It's a much easier way to play old NES games than hunting through flea markets or online auctions for original hardware. And, it's less complicated (and more legal) than running emulator software with downloaded games on a PC. Unfortunately, after selling over 2 million Classic Editions, Nintendo unexpectedly discontinued the console in April 2017. If you didn't manage to scoop one up then, you may still be able to buy one online, albeit at a likely inflated price. It's also being released again on June 29. We shelled out $200 for the one I cracked open, which is way more than the $60, £50 or AU$100 retail price. Perhaps what stood out the most to me after cracking open the NES Classic Edition was just how much technology has improved in the past three decades. The hardware inside the Classic Edition is tiny compared with the original system, yet it's so much more powerful. I can't wait to see how far technology advances in the next 30 years. Also see: Update, May 29 at 5:55 p.m. PT: Added information about the NES Classic Edition returning to stores in June 2018.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00566", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00076", "text": "than $200 million for beating Pacquiao. No one is making predictions, but it's likely the hybrid fight will at least end up in second place in pay-per-view sales behind the $400 million or so brought in by the Mayweather-Pacquiao fight. Balance that against the chance McGregor may ruin his brand — and that of the UFC — by being embarrassed by Mayweather in the ring, and the money wins out. Even White, who was initially skeptical about putting his star in a boxing match, seems ready now to push the idea that he could actually win. \"I've stopped doubting this kid a long time ago,\" White said. \"The reason he's such a superstar is this guy will fight anyone, anywhere, at any time.\" Give McGregor credit for doing that, but give him even more credit for what turned out to be a masterful plan to make the fight happen. It was two years ago that he first suggested he could beat Mayweather in a boxing ring, and he's trolled Mayweather ever since, jabbing at every opening until he finally got him to sign on the dotted line. Sure, it's a freak show of sorts, bordering on something you see in WWE. But both fighters know their roles, and they will play them well. So enjoy the ride, because it should be a wild one. Just understand that the fun almost surely ends when the opening bell rings. ___ Tim Dahlberg is a national sports columnist for The Associated Press. Write to him at tdahlberg@ap.org or http:twitter.com//timdahlberg", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 319, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00760", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00077", "text": "Previously, we have identified the cytoplasmic zinc metalloprotease insulin-degrading enzyme(IDE) in human tissues by an immunohistochemical method involving no antigen retrieval (AR) by pressure cooking to avoid artifacts by endogenous biotin exposure and a detection kit based on the labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) method. Thereby, we also employed 3% hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) for the inhibition of endogenous peroxidase activity and incubated the tissue sections with the biotinylated secondary antibody at room temperature (RT). We now add the immunohistochemical details that had led us to this optimized procedure as they also bear a more general relevance when demonstrating intracellular tissue antigens. Our most important result is that endogenous peroxidase inhibition by 0.3% H2O2 coincided with an apparently positive IDE staining in an investigated breast cancer specimen whereas combining a block by 3% H2O2 with an incubation of the biotinylated secondary antibody at RT, yet not at 37 degrees Celsius, revealed this specimen as almost entirely IDE-negative. Our present data caution against three different immunohistochemical pitfalls that might cause falsely positive results and artifacts when using an LSAB- and peroxidase-based detection method: pressure cooking for AR, insufficient quenching of endogenous peroxidases and heating of tissue sections while incubating with biotinylated secondary antibodies.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 302, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00109", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00078", "text": "other sales of tobacco products; ``(2) provides for the seizure of tobacco products or other property related to a violation of such laws; or ``(3) establishes cooperative programs for the administration of such laws. ``SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. ``As used in this Act-- ``(1) the term `attorney general', with respect to a State, means the chief law enforcement officer of that State, or the designee of that officer; ``(2) the term `cigarette' means-- ``(A) any roll of tobacco wrapped in paper or in any substance not containing tobacco which is to be heated or burned; ``(B) any roll of tobacco wrapped in any substance containing tobacco that, because of its appearance, the type of tobacco used in the filler, or its packaging or labeling is likely to be offered to, or purchased by consumers as a cigarette described in subparagraph (A); ``(C) any roll of tobacco wrapped in any substance that because of its appearance, the type of tobacco used in the filler, or its packaging or labeling is likely to be offered to, or purchased by consumers as a cigarette; or ``(D) loose rolling tobacco that, because of its appearance, type, packaging, or labeling, is likely to be offered to, or purchased by, consumers as tobacco for making cigarettes; ``(3) the term `smokeless tobacco' means any product intended or marketed for human consumption containing finely cut, ground, powdered, leaf, or other tobacco that is intended to be placed in the oral or nasal cavity or otherwise consumed without being combusted; ``(4) the term `interstate sale of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco' means any sale of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco in interstate or foreign commerce to a person, other than a person licensed or otherwise authorized as a distributor, wholesaler, or retailer in the State where the cigarettes or smokeless tobacco is delivered, in which-- ``(A) the buyer submits the order for such sale by means of a telephone or other method of voice transmission, the mails, or the Internet or other online service, or the seller is not in the physical presence of the buyer when the request for purchase or order is made; or ``(B) the cigarettes or smokeless tobacco are delivered by use of a common carrier, private delivery service, or the mails, or the seller is not in the physical presence of the buyer when the buyer obtains physical possession of the delivered cigarettes or smokeless tobacco; ``(5)", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01027", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00079", "text": "Low mass helium-core white dwarfs (M < 0.45 Msun) can be produced from interacting binary systems, and traditionally all of them have been attributed to this channel. However, a low mass white dwarf could also result from a single star that experiences severe mass loss on the first ascent giant branch. A large population of low mass He-core white dwarfs has been discovered in the old metal-rich cluster NGC 6791. There is therefore a mechanism in clusters to produce low mass white dwarfs without requiring binary star interactions, and we search for evidence of a similar population in field white dwarfs. We argue that there is a significant field population (of order half of the detected systems) that arises from old metal rich stars which truncate their evolution prior to the helium flash from severe mass loss. There is a consistent absence of evidence for nearby companions in a large fraction of low mass white dwarfs. The number of old metal-rich field dwarfs is also comparable with the apparently single low mass white dwarf population, and our revised estimate for the space density of low mass white dwarfs produced from binary interactions is also compatible with theoretical expectations. This indicates that this channel of stellar evolution, hitherto thought hypothetical only, has been in operation in our own Galaxy for many billions of years. One strong implication of our model is that single low mass white dwarfs should be good targets for planet searches because they are likely to arise from metal-rich progenitors. We also discuss other observational tests and implications, including the potential impact on SN Ia rates and the frequency of planetary nebulae.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 320, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00270", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00080", "text": "We present SEST observations of the molecular environment ahead of the southern Herbig-Haro object 188 (HH188), associated with the low-mass protostar Re4 IRS. We have also used the SuperCosmos Halpha survey to search for Halpha emission associated with the Re4 IRS - HH188 region. The aim of the present work is to study the properties of the molecular gas and to better characterize this southern star forming region. We mapped the HCO+ 3-2 and H13CO+ 1-0 emission around the YSO and took spectra of the CH3OH 2(0)-1(0)A+ and 2(-1)-1(-1)E and SO 6(5)-5(4) towards the central source. Column densities are derived and different scenarios are considered to explain the origin of the molecular emission. HCO+ arises from a relatively compact region around the YSO; however, its peak emission is displaced to the south following the outflow direction. Our chemical analysis indicates that a plausible scenario is that most of the emission arises from the cold, illuminated dense gas ahead of the HH188 object. We have also found that HH188, a high excitation object, seems to be part of a parsec scale and highly collimated HH system. Re4 IRS is probably a binary protostellar system, in the late Class 0 or Class I phase. One of the protostars, invisible in the near-IR, seems to power the HH188 system.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00137", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00081", "text": "for advice. I’d say, BAIL LAUREN BAIL! Right, but if I told you I truly felt like it was a one-off and that he apologized—Oh wait. Yeah, that sounds like any other abusive situation. Advertisement Exactly. He yanked me down to the sofa and told me not to move. He knew I was really upset. I threw a plate of food at him and he gets pissed and chased me into the bathroom and I stayed there until he cooled off. But it’s totally fine now, I swear! Right. Jeesh. That wasn’t an abusive act on the part of your dad. But I have eighteen years of knowing him to understand that. Now, emotional abuse. You said you’ve experienced it? Yeah, in a few ways, mainly gaslighting. Explain to me how gaslighting works. I’ve been hearing it a lot more lately. It’s like, you confront your partner on something and they make it all about them and manipulate you into thinking not only that you’re incorrect—but you’re the one causing harm. Give me an example. My friend saw a hickey on her partner’s neck and confronted him. He said it was a rash. But then it became this whole thing. He made her feel like she ruined their whole day together and then it became about how she just wasn’t a good partner overall. What happened to just dealing with a good-old-fashioned liar? They’re out there. But it might not necessarily be emotional abuse. Gaslighting feels like it’s coming from a seriously evil person! Depends on the person. I’ve done it too. Oh. In what instances have you done it? When the person has done it to me! But, that’s no excuse. Wrong is wrong. Emotional abuse is serious. It’s not just lying or the regular ways we can disappoint or even hurt our partners. It’s continual manipulation when you specifically want to hurt someone. Like, that’s the goal. And you’re dealing with this? Yeah. Actually, I have to check myself about the ways I’m conditioned to expect the worse in a relationship. Are you catching these signs? Sometimes. But even when I do catch it. I don’t always do something about it. Like, when people plays those games with contacting. Like texting and stuff. Can that be considered emotional abuse? Maybe not at first. But if you’re dating someone who plays that stupid I’ll-wait", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00679", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00082", "text": "On-axis achromatic interfero-coronagraph. We present a new type of stellar interfero-coronagraph, the \"CIAXE\", which is a variant of the \"AIC\", the Achromatic Interfero-Coronagraph [3,4]. The CIAXE is characterized by a very simple, compact and fully coaxial optical combination. Indeed, contrarily to the classical AIC which has a Michelson interferometer structure, the CIAXE delivers its output beam on the same axis as the input beam. This will ease its insertion in the focal instrumentation of existing telescopes or next generation ones. Such a device could be a step forward in the field of instrumental search for exoplanets. ----- Dans le but deparvenir \\`a l'imagerie \\`a haute dynamique d'objets comme les exoplan\\`etes, nous pr\\'esentons ici un nouveau concept de coronographe stellaire interf\\'erentiel, le \"CIAXE\". Il est d\\'eriv\\'e du \"CIA\", le Coronographe Interf\\'erentiel Achromatique. Le CIAXE se distingue de son pr\\'ed\\'ecesseur par une combinaison optique originale, simplifi\\'ee, tr\\`es compacte et totalement coaxiale. En effet, \\`a la diff\\'erence du CIA classique qui est d\\'eriv\\'e de l'interf\\'erom\\`etre de Michelson, le CIAXE d\\'elivre son faisceau de sortie sur le m\\^eme axe que le faisceau d'entr\\'ee, ce qui facilitera grandement son insertion au sein de l'instrumentation focale d'un t\\'elescope. Un tel dispositif pourrait constituer une avanc\\'ee en mati\\`ere d'instrumentation focale pour la recherche d'exoplan\\`etes.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 404, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00306", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00083", "text": "that contains the following information: ``(A) How using the electronic interstate case- processing system developed pursuant to paragraph (4) has changed the time it takes for children to be placed across State lines. ``(B) The number of cases subject to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children that were processed through the electronic interstate case- processing system, and the number of interstate child placement cases that were processed outside the electronic interstate case-processing system, by each State in each year. ``(C) The progress made by States in implementing the electronic interstate case-processing system. ``(D) How using the electronic interstate case- processing system has affected various metrics related to child safety and well-being, including the time it takes for children to be placed across State lines. ``(E) How using the electronic interstate case- processing system has affected administrative costs and caseworker time spent on placing children across State lines. ``(6) Data integration.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretariat for the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children and the States, shall assess how the electronic interstate case-processing system developed pursuant to paragraph (4) could be used to better serve and protect children that come to the attention of the child welfare system, by-- ``(A) connecting the system with other data systems (such as systems operated by State law enforcement and judicial agencies, systems operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the purposes of the Innocence Lost National Initiative, and other systems); ``(B) simplifying and improving reporting related to paragraphs (34) and (35) of section 471(a) regarding children or youth who have been identified as being a sex trafficking victim or children missing from foster care; and ``(C) improving the ability of States to quickly comply with background check requirements of section 471(a)(20), including checks of child abuse and neglect registries as required by section 471(a)(20)(B).''. SEC. 5. CONTINUATION OF DISCRETIONARY FUNDING TO PROMOTE SAFE AND STABLE FAMILIES. Section 437(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 629g(a)) is amended by striking ``2016'' and inserting ``2018''. SEC. 6. RESERVATION OF FUNDS TO IMPROVE THE INTERSTATE PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN. Section 437(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 629g(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00979", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00084", "text": "Image via Getty. Carrie Fisher’s death is heartbreaking to so many because her openness and honesty about her life made her seem like someone you’ve known all your life, an intimate and wonderful old friend. The words of her actual old friend supports some of those feelings. Advertisement In a tribute published on The Hollywood Reporter Monday, Mark Hamill shared some sweet memories of getting to know Carrie Fisher as a young man and the joy of having his life inextricably linked to hers through the Star Wars series. Before shooting with Fisher began, Hamill asked the production office to set up a dinner between them so he could get to know her, and it sounds like she knew how to make instant pals: You know, she was 19 years old at the time. I was a worldly 24. So I was thinking, “Oh my God, it’ll be like working with a high school kid.” But I was just bowled over. I mean she was just so instantly ingratiating and funny and outspoken. She had a way of just being so brutally candid. I’d just met her but it was like talking to a person you’d known for ten years. She was telling me stuff about her stepfather, about her mom, about Eddie Fisher — it was just harrowing in its detail. I kept thinking, “Should I know this?” I mean, I wouldn’t have shared that with somebody that I had trusted for years and years and years. But she was the opposite. She just sucked you into her world. Most of his anecdotes are similar to the goofy memories you might have of your own social group’s hijinks, except they were on the set of one of the most successful movies of all time: Advertisement Once at lunchtime she said, “You should try on my jumpsuit.” I said, “The one-piece white jumpsuit? You’re what, 5’2”? I’ll never get in!” She said, “Just try.” I put on that Princess Leia zipper jump suit and it was so tight I looked like a Vegas lounge singer. If that wasn’t ridiculous enough, she had me put on one of those bald cap masks with the Bozo hair and glasses and nose and then she walked me around the back lot. Hamill alludes to times when he and Fisher were in conflict, and times when they “hated each other’s guts.” But, he says, “That’s all part of what makes a relationship complete. It", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00683", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00085", "text": "Aiming at a better understand of the physical and chemical processes in the hot molecular core stage of high-mass star formation, we observed the prototypical hot core G29.96-0.02 in the 862mu band with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at sub-arcsecond spatial resolution. The observations resolved the hot molecular core into six submm continuum sources with the finest spatial resolution of 0.36''x0.25'' (~1800AU) achieved so far. Four of them located within 7800(AU)^2 comprise a proto-Trapezium system with estimated protostellar densities of 1.4x0^5 protostars/pc^3. The plethora of ~80 spectral lines allows us to study the molecular outflow(s), the core kinematics, the temperature structure of the region as well as chemical effects. The derived hot core temperatures are of the order 300K. We find interesting chemical spatial differentiations, e.g., C34S is deficient toward the hot core and is enhanced at the UCHII/hot core interface, which may be explained by temperature sensitive desorption from grains and following gas phase chemistry. The SiO(8-7) emission outlines likely two molecular outflows emanating from this hot core region. Emission from most other molecules peaks centrally on the hot core and is not dominated by any individual submm peak. Potential reasons for that are discussed. A few spectral lines that are associated with the main submm continuum source, show a velocity gradient perpendicular to the large-scale outflow. Since this velocity structure comprises three of the central protostellar sources, this is not a Keplerian disk. While the data are consistent with a gas core that may rotate and/or collapse, we cannot exclude the outflow(s) and/or nearby expanding UCHII region as possible alternative causes of this velocity pattern.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 385, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00008", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00086", "text": "(7) while roadless areas may have many wilderness-like attributes, unlike wilderness areas, the use of mechanized means of travel is allowed in many roadless areas; (8) roadless areas contain many sites sacred to Native Americans and other groups that use roadless areas for spiritual and religious retreats; (9) from the inception of Federal land management, it has been the mission of the Forest Service and other agencies to manage the National Forest System for the dual purposes of resource extraction and conservation; (10) consistent with that dual mission, this Act-- (A) protects social and ecological values, while allowing for many multiple uses of inventoried roadless areas; and (B) does not impose any limitations on the use of, or access to, private, State, or National Forest System land outside inventoried roadless areas; (11) establishing a consistent national policy for the protection of inventoried roadless areas-- (A) ensures that the considerable long-term ecological and economic benefits of protecting roadless areas for future generations are properly considered; (B) diminishes the likelihood of controversy at the project level; and (C) enables the Forest Service to focus on the economic and environmental benefits of reducing hazardous fuel buildups in already roaded portions of the landscape; (12) the National Fire Plan indicates that fires are almost twice as likely to occur in roaded areas as in roadless areas, because roadless areas are generally located further away from communities and are harder to access; (13) the report entitled ``Protecting People and Sustaining Resources in Fire-Adapted Ecosystems--A Cohesive Strategy'' (65 Fed. Reg. 67480) advocates a higher priority for fuel reduction on land that is near communities and readily accessible municipal watersheds; (14) the Forest Service has an enormous backlog of maintenance needs for the existing 386,000 mile road system of the Forest Service that will cost millions of dollars to eliminate; (15) no State or private land owner would continue to build new roads in the face of such an enormous backlog; (16) failure to maintain forest roads-- (A) limits public access; and (B) causes degradation of water quality and wildlife and fish habitat; and (17) protection of roadless areas-- (A) will impact less than 0.5 percent of the national timber supply; and (B) will have a negligible impact on oil and gas production since-- (i", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01128", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00087", "text": "SECTION 1. TRAFFICKING IN COUNTERFEIT MARKS. (a) Short Title; Findings.-- (1) Short title.--This section may be cited as the ``Stop Counterfeiting in Manufactured Goods Act''. (2) Findings.--The Congress finds that-- (A) the United States economy is losing millions of dollars in tax revenue and tens of thousands of jobs because of the manufacture, distribution, and sale of counterfeit goods; (B) the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection estimates that counterfeiting costs the United States $200 billion annually; (C) counterfeit automobile parts, including brake pads, cost the auto industry alone billions of dollars in lost sales each year; (D) counterfeit products have invaded numerous industries, including those producing auto parts, electrical appliances, medicines, tools, toys, office equipment, clothing, and many other products; (E) ties have been established between counterfeiting and terrorist organizations that use the sale of counterfeit goods to raise and launder money; (F) ongoing counterfeiting of manufactured goods poses a widespread threat to public health and safety; and (G) strong domestic criminal remedies against counterfeiting will permit the United States to seek stronger anticounterfeiting provisions in bilateral and international agreements with trading partners. (b) Trafficking in Counterfeit Marks.--Section 2320 of title 18, United States Code, is amended as follows: (1) Subsection (a) is amended by inserting after ``such goods or services'' the following: ``, or intentionally traffics or attempts to traffic in labels, patches, stickers, wrappers, badges, emblems, medallions, charms, boxes, containers, cans, cases, hangtags, documentation, or packaging of any type or nature, knowing that a counterfeit mark has been applied thereto, the use of which is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive,''. (2) Subsection (b) is amended to read as follows: ``(b)(1) The following property shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States and no property right shall exist in such property: ``(A) Any article bearing or consisting of a counterfeit mark used in committing a violation of subsection (a). ``(B) Any property used, in any manner or part, to commit or to facilitate the commission of a violation of subsection (a). ``(2) The provisions of chapter 46 of this title relating to civil forfeitures,", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00932", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00088", "text": "ad's goal is to work for NASA. He emailed NPR that same day, that his brother is a research astronomer working for NASA at Goddard. \"I think it would be a cool follow up to connect the son to my brother and help him make the connections needed to pursue studies in astronomy,\" he wrote. Cool, indeed. The connection was made, emails were exchanged, and last week, at the invitation of Jeremy Schnittman, Murad and his mother, Limara Rahimova, made the trip to Goddard outside Washington, D.C. Schnittman, an astrophysicist who specializes in black holes, spent several hours showing the Rahimovs the inner workings of the space flight center and sharing his enthusiasm for space science. Murad was clearly in his element, sporting a t-shirt with a picture of the Millennium Falcon spaceship from Star Wars, and a line from the movie: \"the fastest hunk of junk in the galaxy.\" He and his mother got to see the giant cryo-vac chamber where spacecraft are tested to find out if they'll withstand the extreme temperatures of space. They walked inside the acoustic chamber that blasts spacecraft with earsplitting sound to simulate the vibration of launch. They toured the laser lab where scientists are fine-tuning measurements to detect gravitational waves. \"Amazing,\" Murad marveled. Back in his office, (\"black hole central,\" as he calls it) Schnittman talked with Murad about his research into how light gets bent around black holes. Naturally, they both share a hero in Albert Einstein, whose photo Schnittman keeps pinned above his desk. \"It's remarkable,\" Schnittman said. \"It's over 100 years since Einstein did all of this stuff, and still, everything is Einstein. Einstein, Einstein, Einstein.\" When Murad mused about the possibilities of time travel, Schnittman sounded optimistic. \"It's really not that much of a stretch to say that we're one step closer to time travel,\" he told Murad. \"This is something that Einstein predicted 100 years ago. According to the theory, the equations, time travel should be possible. The trick is just building it and getting it to work, but as far as we can tell, there's no rule against it.\" The astrophysicist and the would-be astronaut parted ways with the promise to stay in touch. Later Murad said he loves science because it shows \"", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00626", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00089", "text": "We present a photoionization model study of the effects of micro-turbulence and dissipative heating on emission lines for number and column densities, elemental abundances, and ionizations typical for the narrow emission line regions (NLRs) of Seyfert galaxies. Earlier studies of NLR spectra generally found good agreement between the observations and the model predictions for most strong emission lines, such as [O III] $\\lambda$5007, [O II] $\\lambda$3727, [N II] $\\lambda$6583, [Ne III] $\\lambda$3869, and the H and He recombination lines. Nevertheless, the strengths of lines from species with ionization potentials greater than that of He$^{+}$(54.4 eV), e.g. N$^{+4}$ and Ne$^{+4}$, were often under-predicted. Among the explanations suggested for these discrepancies were (selectively) enhanced elemental abundances and contributions from shock heated gas. Interestingly, the NLR lines have widths of several 100 km s$^{-1}$, well in excess of the thermal broadening. If this is due to micro-turbulence, and the turbulence dissipates within the emission-line gas, the gas can be heated in excess of that due to photoionization. We show that the combined effects of turbulence and dissipative heating can strongly enhance N V $\\lambda$1240 (relative to He II $\\lambda$1640), while the heating alone can boost the strength of [Ne V] $\\lambda$3426. We suggest that this effect is present in the NLR, particularly within $\\sim$ 100 pc of the central engine. Finally, since micro-turbulence would make clouds robust against instabilities generated during acceleration, it is not likely to be a coincidence that the radially outflowing emission-line gas is turbulent.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 383, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00309", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00090", "text": "SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — It looks like a perfectly staged assassination, straight out of the pages of a spy novel: North Korean royalty Kim Jong Nam, the estranged, exiled half-brother of leader Kim Jong Un, falls ill at a Malaysian airport, complains of being sprayed with some sort of chemical, and drops dead. But, as with many things about the alleged motives of cloistered North Korea, the unknowns currently far outweigh the certainties. A look at what officials are trying to piece together as they work to reconstruct one of the most audacious, mysterious assassinations in recent Asian history: ___ WHY NOW? This is the big one: Motive. Kim Jong Nam, a jovial, overweight gambler and playboy, had embarrassed Pyongyang before — he tried to sneak into Tokyo Disney; he criticized his half-brother — but he's been generally seen more as an annoyance than an existential threat to North Korea's stability. Why would Kim Jong Un go through the massive logistical trouble — and potential embarrassment — of staging the risky assassination of a blood relation on foreign soil? Without elaborating, South Korea's spy service told lawmakers Wednesday that the North had been trying to kill Kim Jong Nam for five years. Spy officials offered a single, shaky motive for the death: Kim Jong Un's \"paranoia\" over his estranged brother. But the South's National Intelligence Service has a long history of botching intelligence on North Korea and has long sought to portray the North's leadership as mentally unstable. Some in Seoul wonder if Kim Jong Un might have become enraged when a South Korean newspaper reported last week that Kim Jong Nam tried to defect to the South in 2012. South Korea's spy service denied this, but it's still an open question: Could public speculation that a member of the exalted Kim dynasty wanted to flee to the hated South have pushed Kim Jong Un to order his brother's assassination? ___ WHY THE AIRPORT IN MALAYSIA? There would seem to be easier, less public places to kill such a high-profile target. A possible explanation might be found in another nugget provided by South Korea's spy agency: China had long protected Kim Jong Nam and his family in their home base of Macau. Analysts have seen Beijing as looking to Kim Jong Nam as a potential leader should North Korea's regime collapse. With security, presumably overseen by China, tight in Macau, could there have been a security gap", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00720", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00091", "text": "Most of us use macros to automate processes that we repeat or that require specialized knowledge. Regardless of why you use macros, you want them to run as quickly as possible. You can optimize your code by: Disabling features that update the sheet Avoiding selecting things In this article, I'll show you how to make simple changes to your code to optimize it for speed. I'm using Excel 2016 on a Windows 10 64-bit system, but these tips will work in older versions. The tips are specific to the desktop version because macros don't run in the browser version. There's no demonstration file; you won't need one. 1: Disable updating features Have you noticed that your screen sometimes flickers while a macro is running? This happens when Excel attempts to redraw the screen to show changes made by the running macro. If screen updates aren't necessary while running the macro, consider disabling this feature so your macro can run a bit faster. Use the following statements to disable and enable this feature: Application.ScreenUpdating = False'macro code Application.ScreenUpdating = True You can expect Excel to redraw the screen when the macro completes its work—when you reset the property to True. Disabling screen updates won't disable the Status Bar, which displays information during normal operations, including what your macro is doing. To disable updates to the Status Bar, use the DisplayStatusBar property as follows: Application.ScreenUpdating = False Application.DisplayStatusBar = False'macro code Application. DisplayStatusBar = True Application.ScreenUpdating = True If your macro is analyzing a lot of data, consider setting the Calculation property to Manual while the macro is running. That way, the workbook won't recalculate unless you force it to by pressing F9. Calculation speed probably isn't a large performance factor is most normal workbooks though, and it can have unexpected results, so use it sparingly—as needed: Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual Application.ScreenUpdating = False Application.DisplayStatusBar = False'macro code Application. DisplayStatusBar = True Application.ScreenUpdating = True Application.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic Macros can trigger unnecessary event procedures. For instance, entering a value into a cell triggers the Worksheet_Change event. A few won't be noticeable, but if the macro is complex enough, you might consider disabling events while the macro is running: Application.Calculation = xlCalculationManual Application.ScreenUpdating = False Application.DisplayStatusBar = False Application.EnableEvents = False'macro code Application.EnableEvents =", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00556", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00092", "text": "ultimate aim is the selection of the Chief Executive by universal suffrage upon nomination by a broadly representative nominating committee in accordance with democratic procedures''; (H) provides that the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the Legislative Council; and (I) provides that ``the ultimate aim is the election of all the members of the Legislative Council by universal suffrage''. (3) The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) determined on December 29, 2007, that Hong Kong could elect the Chief Executive by universal suffrage beginning in 2017, and that Hong Kong could thereafter elect the Legislative Council by universal suffrage beginning in 2020. (4) The Chief Executive is currently selected by an Election Committee consisting of 1,200 members. In order to run, candidates for Chief Executive must currently receive the support of one-eighth of the members of the Election Committee, the majority of whom reportedly support or have ties to the Chinese Communist Party. (5) On August 31, 2014, the NPCSC determined that the 2017 election for the Chief Executive could be held by universal suffrage but that Hong Kong voters could only choose from two to three candidates, each of whom is to be chosen by a majority of a nominating committee similar to the current Election Committee that is heavily controlled by pro-Beijing members. (6) International standards for elections, including Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, guarantee citizens the right to vote and to be elected in genuine periodic elections by universal and equal suffrage without unreasonable restrictions. (7) Hundreds of thousands of Hong Kong residents have consistently and peacefully expressed their dissatisfaction with the electoral reform plans of the Hong Kong government and the Government of the People's Republic of China, including the August 2014 NPCSC decision, and have called for a genuine choice in elections that meet international standards. Their peaceful and orderly protests have set an example for other democratic movements around the world, including those in mainland China who continue to fight for their fundamental freedoms. (8) Media reports indicate that Hong Kong police used tear gas and pepper spray against demonstrators on September 28, 2014, and that police allegedly failed to adequately protect demonstrators from mobs of counter-protestors, some of whom had affiliations with gangs known as ``triads'', who beat students and forcibly tried to remove them from their places of protest", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00990", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00093", "text": "or other benefit provided or reasonably likely to be provided in the future to or on behalf of a claimant, as a result of an injury or wrongful death, pursuant to-- (A) any State or Federal health, sickness, income- disability, accident or workers' compensation Act; (B) any health, sickness, income-disability, or accident insurance that provides health benefits or income-disability coverage; (C) any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership, or corporation to provide, pay for, or reimburse the cost of medical, hospital, dental, or income disability benefits; and (D) any other publicly or privately funded program. (6) Drug.--The term ``drug'' has the meaning given such term in section 201(g)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(g)(1)). (7) Economic damages.--The term ``economic damages'' means objectively verifiable monetary losses incurred as a result of the provision of, use of, or payment for (or failure to provide, use, or pay for) health care services or medical products such as past and future medical expenses, loss of past and future earnings, cost of obtaining domestic services, loss of employment, loss due to death, burial costs, and loss of business or employment opportunities. (8) Harm.--The term ``harm'' means any legally cognizable wrong or injury for which punitive damages may be imposed. (9) Health benefit plan.--The term ``health benefit plan'' means-- (A) a hospital or medical expense incurred policy or certificate, (B) a hospital or medical service plan contract, (C) a health maintenance subscriber contract, or (D) a Medicare+Choice product (offered under part C of title XVIII of the Social Security Act), that provides benefits with respect to health care services. (10) Health care liability action.--The term ``health care liability action'' means a civil action brought in a State or Federal court or pursuant to alternative dispute resolution against a health care provider, an entity which is obligated to provide or pay for health benefits under any health benefit plan (including any person or entity acting under a contract or arrangement to provide or administer any health benefit), or the manufacturer, distributor, supplier, marketer, promoter, or seller of a medical product, in which the claimant alleges a claim (including third party claims, cross claims, counter claims, or contribution claims", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00852", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00094", "text": "We present and analyze high-resolution optical spectra of the Algol binaries S Equ and KO Aql. New accurate radial velocities for the hotter primary components are obtained. Thanks to the cross-correlation procedure, we were able to measure, for the first time to our knowledge, radial velocities also for the cool secondary components of S Equ and KO Aql. By combining the parameters obtained from the solution of the radial velocity curves with those obtained from the light curve analysis, reliable absolute parameters of the systems have been derived. The rotational velocity of the hotter components of S Equ and KO Aql has been measured and it is found that the gainers of both systems rotate about 30 % faster than synchronously. This is likely due to mass transfer across the Lagrangian L1 point from the cooler to the hotter component. The lower luminosity of the mass-gaining components of these systems compared to normal main-sequence stars of the same mass can be also an effect of the mass transfer. The H-alpha profiles reveal clear evidence of mass transfer and accretion structures. In both systems we clearly observed extra-absorption lines. From the integrated absorption and the radial velocity variations of these features, we found that the mass accretion is very dense around the impact region of the hotter components. A double-peaked emission in the spectra of S Equ was seen outside the eclipses. One of these peaks is likely originated in a region between the center of mass and the cooler component, which is occupied by the flowing matter. Furthermore, the H-alpha difference spectra of S Equ and KO Aql display also emission features, which should be arising from the magnetic activity of the cooler components.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00291", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00095", "text": "In this paper we study $\\mu-e$ conversion in nuclei within the context of the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, enlarged by three right handed neutrinos and their supersymmetric partners, and where the neutrino masses are generated via a seesaw mechanism. Two different scenarios with either universal or non-universal soft supersymmetry breaking Higgs masses at the gauge coupling unification scale are considered. In the first part we present a complete one-loop computation of the conversion rate for this process that includes the photon-, $Z$-boson, and Higgs-boson penguins, as well as box diagrams, and compare their size in the two considered scenarios. Then, in these two scenarios we analyse the relevance of the various parameters on the conversion rates, particularly emphasising the role played by the heavy neutrino masses, $\\tan \\beta$, and especially $\\theta_{13}$. In the case of hierachical heavy neutrinos, an extremely high sensitivity of the rates to $\\theta_{13}$ is indeed found. The last part of this work is devoted to the study of the interesting loss of correlation between the $\\mu-e$ conversion and $\\mu \\to e \\gamma$ rates that occurs in the non-universal scenario. In the case of large $\\tan \\beta$ and light $H^0$ Higgs boson an enhanced ratio of the $\\mu-e$ to $\\mu \\to e \\gamma$ rates, with respect to the universal case is found, and this could be tested with the future experimental sensitivities.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 314, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00378", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00096", "text": "We report the X-ray detection of the Type II-plateau supernova SN 2004et in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, using the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The position of the X-ray source was found to agree with the optical position within ~0.4 arcsec. Chandra also surveyed the region before the 2004 event, finding no X-ray emission at the location of the progenitor. For the post-explosion observations, a total of 202, 151, and 158 photons were detected in three pointings, each ~29 ks in length, on 2004 October 22, November 6, and December 3, respectively. The spectrum of the first observation is best fit by a thermal model with a temperature of kT=1.3 keV and a line-of-sight absorption of N_H=1.0 x 10^{22} cm^{-2}. The inferred unabsorbed luminosity (0.4-8 keV) is ~4x10^{38} erg/s, adopting a distance of 5.5 Mpc. A comparison between hard and soft counts on the first and third epochs indicates a softening over this time, although there is an insufficient number of photons to constrain the variation of temperature and absorption by spectral fitting. We model the emission as arising from the reverse shock region in the interaction between the supernova ejecta and the progenitor wind. For a Type IIP supernova with an extended progenitor, the cool shell formed at the time of shock wave breakout from the star can affect the initial evolution of the interaction shell and the absorption of radiation from the reverse shock. The observed spectral softening might be due to decreasing shell absorption. We find a pre-supernova mass loss rate of (2-2.5)x 10^{-6} M_{\\odot} /yr for a wind velocity of 10 kms, which is in line with expectations for a Type IIP supernova.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 407, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00250", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00097", "text": "the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall direct that all elements of the Department of Defense suspend use of depleted uranium munitions. (b) Duration.--(1) The suspension of use of depleted uranium munitions required by subsection (a) shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Health and Human Services, based upon the results of the study under section 7(a), certifies to the committees specified in paragraph (2) that use of depleted uranium munitions in future conflicts-- (A) will not pose a likely long-term or residual threat to the health of United States or NATO military personnel; and (B) will not jeopardize the health of civilian populations in the area of such use. (2) The committees referred to in paragraph (1) are the following: (A) The Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives. (B) The Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate. (c) Future Use Limited to Stocks Free of Transuranic Matter.--Upon a certification by the Secretary of Health and Human Services described in subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense shall limit any subsequent use of depleted uranium munitions to stocks of such munitions that the Secretary certifies to be free of plutonium and other transuranic matter. SEC. 5. SUSPENSION OF SALE AND EXPORT OF DEPLETED URANIUM MUNITIONS. (a) Suspension of Sale and Export.--Upon the enactment of this Act, all elements of the Government with responsibility for approving the foreign sale or export of munitions shall suspend the approval of the sale and export of munitions containing depleted uranium. (b) Duration.--The suspension required by subsection (a) of approval of the foreign sale and export of depleted uranium munitions shall remain in effect until the Secretary of Health and Human Services makes a certification described in section 4(b). (c) Future Exports To Be Limited to Stocks Free of Transuranic Matter.--Upon a certification by the Secretary of Health and Human Services described in section 4(b), any subsequent foreign sale or export of depleted uranium munitions or preproduction depleted uranium may be made only from stocks of such munitions or preproduction depleted uranium that the Secretary of Defense certifies to be free of plutonium and other transuranic matter, excluding depleted uranium. SEC. 6. COMPTROLLER GENERAL INVESTIGATION OF PLUTONIUM CONT", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00847", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00098", "text": "The X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is a highly variable X-ray source that displays a wide range of observed spectral states. One of the main states is significantly harder than the others, peaking at ~ 20 keV, with only a weak low-energy component. Due to the enigmatic nature of this object, hidden inside the strong stellar wind of its Wolf-Rayet companion, it has remained unclear whether this state represents an intrinsic hard state, with truncation of the inner disc, or whether it is just a result of increased local absorption. We study the X-ray light curves from RXTE/ASM and CGRO/BATSE in terms of distributions and correlations of flux and hardness and find several signs of a bimodal behaviour of the accretion flow that are not likely to be the result of increased absorption in a surrounding medium. Using INTEGRAL observations, we model the broad-band spectrum of Cyg X-3 in its apparent hard state. We find that it can be well described by a model of a hard state with a truncated disc, despite the low cut-off energy, if the accreted power is supplied to the electrons in the inner flow in the form of acceleration rather than thermal heating, resulting in a hybrid electron distribution and a spectrum with a significant contribution from non-thermal Comptonization, usually observed only in soft states. The high luminosity of this non-thermal hard state implies that either the transition takes place at significantly higher L/Ledd than in the usual advection models, or the mass of the compact object is > 20 Msun, possibly making it the most massive black hole observed in an X-ray binary in our Galaxy so far. We find that an absorption model as well as a model of almost pure Compton reflection also fit the data well, but both have difficulties explaining other results, in particular the radio/X-ray correlation.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 381, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00357", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00099", "text": "could produce results detrimental to the safety and well-being of the United States and its people'' under the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 88-277); (13) Congress has previously expressed its intent ``that appropriate actions be authorized and taken to avoid or minimize any disruption'' and ``that all officers of the Government so conduct the affairs of the Government for which they exercise responsibility and authority as (1) to be mindful of problems occasioned by transitions in the office of the President, (2) to take appropriate lawful steps to avoid or minimize disruptions that might be occasioned by the transfer of the executive power, and (3) otherwise to promote orderly transitions in the office of President'' under the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 88-277); (14) the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States established under title VI of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (6 U.S.C. 101 note; Public Law 107-306) expressly recognized the need to ``Improve the Transitions between Administrations'' in its final report; (15) the Commission specifically recommended that, ``[s]ince a catastrophic attack could occur with little or no notice, we should minimize as much as possible the disruption of national security policymaking during the change of administrations by accelerating the process for national security appointments'' and that ``the process could be improved significantly so transitions can work more effectively and allow new officials to assume their new responsibilities as quickly as possible''; (16) the Commission suggested that ``[a] president-elect should submit lists of possible candidates for national security positions to begin obtaining security clearances immediately after the election, so that their background investigations can be complete before January 20'', that ``[a] president-elect should submit the nominations of the entire new national security team, through the level of under secretary of cabinet departments, not later than January 20'', that ``[t]he Senate, in return, should adopt special rules requiring hearings and votes to confirm or reject national security nominees within 30 days of their submission'', and that an outgoing Administration should work cooperatively with an incoming President to ensure a smooth transition, in the interest of national security; and (17) there is no more important national security position than the office of President, and thus it is essential to national security that any new administration establish", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00956", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00100", "text": "the following: ``(a) Annual Report.--Not later''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(b) Grant Accountability.--Section 3026 (relating to grant accountability) shall apply to grants awarded by the Director under this part. For purposes of the preceding sentence, any references in section 3026 to the Attorney General shall be considered references to the Director and any references in that section to part LL shall be considered references to part AA.''; (4) in section 2704 (34 U.S.C. 10554)-- (A) in paragraph (1)-- (i) by striking ``a public'' and inserting ``an''; and (ii) by inserting ``, including a Bureau- funded school (as defined in section 1141 of the Education Amendments of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2021))'' after ``secondary school''; (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end; (C) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and (D) by adding at the end the following: ``(4) the term `evidence-based' means a program, practice, technology, or equipment that-- ``(A) demonstrates a statistically significant effect on relevant outcomes based on-- ``(i) strong evidence from not less than 1 well-designed and well-implemented experimental study; ``(ii) moderate evidence from not less than 1 well-designed and well-implemented quasi- experimental study; or ``(iii) promising evidence from not less than 1 well-designed and well-implemented correlational study with statistical controls for selection bias; ``(B) demonstrates a rationale based on high- quality research findings or positive evaluation that such program, practice, technology, or equipment is likely to improve relevant outcomes, and includes ongoing efforts to examine the effects of the program, practice, technology, or equipment; or ``(C) in the case of technology or equipment, demonstrates that use of the technology or equipment is-- ``(i) consistent with best practices for school security, including-- ``(I) applicable standards for school security established by a Federal or State government agency; and ``(II) findings and recommendations of public commissions and task forces established to make recommendations or set standards for school security; and ``(ii) compliant with all applicable codes, including building and life safety codes; and ``(5) the term `tribal organization' has the same", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01088", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00101", "text": ", decided to see if things have improved. The lab's engineers developed a test program and put these six smart locks through their paces: August Smart Lock (USA) Burg-Wachter secuENTRY easy 501 (Germany) Danalock V3 (Denmark) eQ-3 Equiva Bluetooth Smart Lock (Germany) Noke Padlock (USA) Nuki Combo (Austria) Test environments Data security was the first thing considered by the engineers with special emphasis on acquisition, storage, and transmission of data; the following image depicts how they employed Wireshark to capture traffic between the smart lock being tested and the controlling smartphone application. Besides communications, the team examined each system's hardware and software, tested the software-update process, and determined whether the associated smart-lock application had any security issues. Image: AV-TEST The results It seems smart locks have improved considerably in the past four-plus years. From the AV-TEST report: \"Convenience does not have to mean less security. This reassuring conclusion can be made following the surprisingly strong results of the smart-lock testing.\" Concerning the test results, the test engineers offer the following insights. Installation: Despite physical differences, all smart locks evaluated by AV-TEST installed easily—systems manufactured by eQ-3 and Nuki being the easiest. Local communications: All tested smart locks are locally activated via Bluetooth. \"As a standard feature, the smart locks use encryption, mostly AES with at least 128 bits,\" mentions the report. \"Three locks, August, Danalock, and Nuki can encrypt at a higher rate—AES with 256 bits.\" The AV-TEST engineers report that smart locks by August, Danalock, and Nuki can integrate with local Wi-Fi networks; this allows location-independent remote control using the mobile device's smart-lock app. According to the report, neither Bluetooth nor SSL-encrypted Wi-Fi connections introduce any detectable vulnerabilities. Data protection: AV-TEST's engineers measured each smart lock's privacy policy against European data-protection law. One concern centered on whether systems save more data than what is needed to operate properly. From the report: \"For August, Danalock, and Noke, the testers see a need for improvement, e.g., in terms of information on stored data and its use by third parties. An adaptation to European data-protection law would easily remedy these defects.\" SEE: Cybersecurity in an IoT and mobile world (free PDF) (", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00518", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00102", "text": "children have increased risk of major depression, often beginning in childhood with long- lasting effects. (6) According to the Department of Defense, more than 700,000 children have experienced one or more parental deployments. Children's reactions to a parent's deployment vary by a child's developmental stage, age, and presence of any preexisting psychological or behavioral problems. The mental health of the parent is often a key factor affecting the child's distress level. Parents reporting clinically significant stress are more likely to have children identified as high risk for psychological and behavioral problems. (7) The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey revealed that nearly 1 in 5 women reported having been the victim of a rape at some time during their lives. Forty-two percent experienced their first rape before the age of 18. (8) The National Child Traumatic Stress Network collected data on 14,088 children and adolescents served by 56 Network service centers across the country from 2004 to 2010, examining the prevalence of exposure to a wide range of trauma types, access to services, and child outcomes outcome. Nearly 80 percent of children referred for screening and evaluation reported experiencing at least one type of traumatic event. Of the 11,104 children and adolescents who reported trauma exposure, 77 percent had experienced more than one type of trauma and 31 percent had experienced five or more types. (9) The children served by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network are involved with many different kinds of child- serving systems. Of those receiving service, 65 percent had received social services and 35 percent had received school- based services. After treatment, significant improvements were made in trauma symptoms, mental health diagnoses, and behavioral problems. SEC. 3. GRANTS TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO EXPERIENCE TRAUMA AND VIOLENCE RELATED STRESS. Section 582 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290hh-1) is amended to read as follows: ``SEC. 582. GRANTS TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO EXPERIENCE TRAUMA AND VIOLENCE RELATED STRESS. ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall award grants, contracts or cooperative agreements to public and nonprofit private entities, as well as to Indian tribes and tribal organizations, for the purpose of developing and maintaining programs that provide for-- ``(1) the continued operation of the National", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01050", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00103", "text": "ivers) The site also includes charts for quarterbacks, running backs, and receivers to see their patterns from their last game. In addition, the NFL publishes photo essays with specific insights from Next Gen Stats from the previous week's games, as well as videos that explain the differences and similarities between players, teams, and games based on the data. \"There's some very complicated parts of football that can be really fascinating to die hard fans,\" said Swensson. \"A lot of times you watch a game and maybe you don't realize some of the decisions and why they are made, or even some of the intricacies of the game such as why players line up a certain way. My hope is that [Next Gen Stats] continues to educate fans and help them understand more and more of our game.\" SEE: Turning Big Data into Business Insights (ZDNet special report) | Download the report as a PDF (TechRepublic) This stuff is obviously great source material for fantasy football junkies, but it can also fuel die-hard fans in their search to better understand the performance of their team and their favorite players—which can also create greater customer loyalty for the NFL. The good news for fans is that the program is just getting off the ground. \"The stuff you see on the site now is just based off the tracking data and the splits we've been able to do based on location data, but not much pattern recognition,\" said Swensson. \"A lot of the machine learning stuff we've done, we haven't put up yet. Our plan is to launch that for next season.\" Of course, there's one more big game left this season. For the fans watching Super Bowl LII between the New England Patriots and the Philadelphia Eagles on Sunday, here are a pair of Next Gen Stats videos that break down what's likely to be the game's key matchup: Image: NFL What other businesses can learn \"The typical conversation that we're having with customers around machine learning is that it is one of the top priorities,\" said Kelman. \"But, there is a huge gap in most of these companies between what they want to do and the skills of their people. It's kind of as simple as we have all this data, what should we do with machine learning? What problems should we point it at, and what kind of predictions should we make? The more examples that we can give our customers of what other people are doing, the better.\" Subscribe to TechRepublic's Big Data", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00550", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00104", "text": "We performed interferometric observations of a high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 18566+0408 in the \\nh3 (J,K)=(1,1), (2,2) and (3,3) inversion transitions, the SiO J=2-1 and HCN J=1-0 lines, and the 43 and 87 GHz continuum emission using the VLA and OVRO. The 87 GHz continuum emission reveals two continuum peaks MM-1 and MM-2 along a molecular ridge. The dominant peak MM-1 coincides with a compact emission feature at 43 GHz, and arises mostly from the dust emission. For dust emissivity index $\\beta$ of 1.3, the masses in the dust peaks amount to 70 \\msun for MM-1, and 27 \\msun for MM-2. Assuming internal heating, the central luminosities of MM-1 and MM-2 are $6 \\times 10^4$ and $8 \\times 10^3$ \\lsun, respectively. The SiO emission reveals a well collimated outflow emanating from MM-1. The jet-like outflow is also detected in \\nh3 at velocities similar to the SiO emission. The outflow, with a mass of 27 \\msun, causes significant heating in the gas to temperatures of 70 K, much higher than the temperature of $\\lsim 15$ K in the extended core. Compact ($< 3''$) and narrow line ($<1.5$ \\kms-1) \\nh3 (3,3) emission features are found associated with the outflow. They likely arise from weak population inversion in \\nh3 similar to the maser emission. Toward MM-1, there is a compact \\nh3 structure with a linewidth that increases from 5.5 \\kms-1 FHWM measured at 3$''$ resolution to 8.7 \\kms-1\\ measured at 1$''$ resolution. This linewidth is much larger than the FWHM of $<$ 2 \\kms-1 in the entire core, and does not appear to originate from the outflow. This large linewidth may arise from rotation/infall, or relative motions of unresolved protostellar cores.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 477, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00075", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00105", "text": "(Abridged) Combining cosmic shear power spectra and cluster counts is powerful to improve cosmological parameter constraints and/or test inherent systematics. However they probe the same cosmic mass density field, if the two are drawn from the same survey region, and therefore the combination may be less powerful than first thought. We investigate the cross-covariance between the cosmic shear power spectra and the cluster counts based on the halo model approach, where the cross-covariance arises from the three-point correlations of the underlying mass density field. Fully taking into account the cross-covariance as well as non-Gaussian errors on the lensing power spectrum covariance, we find a significant cross-correlation between the lensing power spectrum signals at multipoles l~10^3 and the cluster counts containing halos with masses M>10^{14}Msun. Including the cross-covariance for the combined measurement degrades and in some cases improves the total signal-to-noise ratios up to plus or minus 20% relative to when the two are independent. For cosmological parameter determination, the cross-covariance has a smaller effect as a result of working in a multi-dimensional parameter space, implying that the two observables can be considered independent to a good approximation. We also discuss that cluster count experiments using lensing-selected mass peaks could be more complementary to cosmic shear tomography than mass-selected cluster counts of the corresponding mass threshold. Using lensing selected clusters with a realistic usable detection threshold (S/N~6 for a ground-based survey), the uncertainty on each dark energy parameter may be roughly halved by the combined experiments, relative to using the power spectra alone.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00102", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00106", "text": "Struxure, at the top of that stack, it starts with those connected devices and then edge control, really is where we build a lot of our software. So we build software for control, for analytics, of where we're starting to build out some of the AI and machine learning, and where we store a lot of that data of course, in the cloud, so that we start to do more sophisticated views of what's going on in those manufacturing sites, or petrochemical sties, or whatever they happen to be. And so that's, I would say at the crux of it, that's what EcoStruxure is. It's an architecture that allows all three of those layers to interoperate, and it's really designed to be completely open and interoperable, because while we think our customers should only buy Schneider Electric stuff, that is probably not realistic and so, we need to be very open in the way we work with other vendors as well. Patterson: I'm glad about the nuclear power plants, there are all types of industrial facilities that are adopting Internet of Things, but generally when I talk to people, even in business technology, they tend to think of IoT as a smart fridge or your Alexa. Can you give us an example of a device that might be IoT and deployed at large scale? Bennett: Yeah, for sure. I think, think about just a breaker. Just your electrical infrastructure, and really the most important thing, because it's pretty hard to run a manufacturing process or a plant without power. And so today, because of really our heritage and our legacy with power, and delivering clean reliable energy, everything starts with that electrical infrastructure. So at plants today we have customers that are connecting those assets. They want to know about their energy consumption. They of course want to reduce energy consumption 'cause that's good to the bottom line. It's also good from a sustainability perspective. So if you think about all that electrical infrastructure, then you can start to kind of work your way up the stack in terms of whether it's a motor that's running a conveyor belt, or part of your process. Whether it's a pump. These are all devices that historically were not all connected, right. They didn't historically see the need to necessarily connect those. Over time, more and more of those devices became connected, primarily so that those companies could control. So when we talk about OT, as juxtaposed to IT for a second", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00576", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00107", "text": "John Essey and family live in a modest, two-story home on a tree-lined street in the suburbs north of Pittsburgh. From the outside, it looks like any other house in the neighborhood, but this house has a brain. \"It knows we're home. Doors unlock, [it] kinda sets the mood for the rest of the house too, turns on lights, sets the thermostat accordingly,\" Essey says. Essey is an engineer at Uber and an early adopter of the Internet of things. He can control his lights with his Amazon Echo or an array of touchpad sensors he's installed throughout the home. Sensors tell him when there's water in the basement or a leak under the sink. While Essey's setup might sound a little like science fiction it's a prototype of the future. Some critics are worried these devices won't be secure and that companies will use them to spy on us to make money. Gierad Laput, a Ph.D. student at Carnegie Mellon University, says as the Internet of things becomes more engrained in our daily lives, there are a couple of ways people are turning ordinary homes into smart homes. \"One way is basically to buy all the appliances, smart oven, smart dishwasher, smart microwave, smart toaster, all these things,\" Laput says. But that stuff is really expensive. Smart refrigerators can cost $3,000 or more. And Laput said those devices don't always talk to each other, especially if they're made by different manufacturers. The other way is to get sensors, and put them on everything you want to monitor. \"But then those get really unwieldy and you've got all these things sticking around and they look ugly and socially obtrusive,\" Laput says. So Laput and his team wanted to see if they could build just one sensor that could monitor a whole range of activity in a room. And they did. It doesn't look like much; just a little 2-inch-square circuit board that plugs into the wall. The board senses about a dozen different facets of its environment: vibrations, sounds, light color and so on. The sensor communicates wirelessly with a computer, which interprets everything it picks up. Laput demonstrated how the sensor works by turning on a blender. Almost immediately, a text box saying \"blender running\" popped up on a computer screen along with a purple squiggly line representing the blender's vibration. Laput turned on a light,", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00636", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00108", "text": "), the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to require, as soon as practicable after the promulgation of the regulations, the use of automated train control systems that are available at that time. (3) Waivers.--If the appropriate official of a railroad carrier establishes, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, and in a manner specified by the Secretary, that the railroad carrier will have in operation a satellite-based positive train control system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall waive for that railroad carrier the application of the regulations promulgated under paragraph (2), subject to terms and conditions established by the Secretary. (4) Exceptions and conditions.--In promulgating regulations under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide for any exceptions or conditions that the Secretary determines to be necessary. (5) Monitoring.--If the Secretary issues a waiver for a railroad carrier under paragraph (3), the railroad carrier shall, during the period that the waiver is in effect, provide such information to the Secretary as the Secretary determines to be necessary to monitor the compliance of the railroad carrier with the terms and conditions of the waiver, including information concerning the progress of the railroad carrier in achieving an operational satellite-based positive train control system. (6) Revocation of waivers.--If, at any time during the period that a waiver issued under paragraph (3) is in effect, the Secretary determines that the railroad carrier issued the waiver is not meeting the terms or conditions of the waiver, or is not likely to have in operation a satellite-based positive train control system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall revoke the waiver. SEC. 5. AUTOMATIC TRAIN ESCAPE DEVICE STUDY. (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall complete and transmit to the Congress a report detailing the results of a study of the technical, structural, and economic feasibility of installing in rail passenger cars devices which, in the event of a collision, would automatically provide passenger escape access. (b) Regulations.--If the Secretary finds in the study that automatic train escape devices should be required on rail passenger trains, the Secretary shall, not later than 180 days after the date the report is submitted to Congress under subsection (a), promulgate regulations to require automatic train escape devices on rail passenger trains as soon as practicable after the promulgation of the regulations. SEC. 6. EMERGENCY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01091", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00109", "text": "IGR J11215-5952 is a hard X-ray transient source discovered in April 2005 with INTEGRAL and a confirmed member of the new class of High Mass X-ray Binaries, the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXTs). Archival INTEGRAL data and RXTE observations showed that the outbursts occur with a periodicity of ~330 days. Thus, IGR J11215-5952 is the first SFXT displaying periodic outbursts, possibly related to the orbital period. We performed a Target of Opportunity observation with Swift with the main aim of monitoring the source behaviour around the time of the fifth outburst, expected on 2007 Feb 9. The source field was observed with Swift twice a day (2ks/day) starting from 4th February, 2007, until the fifth outburst, and then for ~5 ks a day afterwards, during a monitoring campaign that lasted 23 days for a total on-source exposure of ~73 ks. This is the most complete monitoring campaign of an outburst from a SFXT. The spectrum during the brightest flares is well described by an absorbed power law with a photon index of 1 and N_H~1 10^22 cm^-2. A 1-10 keV peak luminosity of ~10^36 erg s^-1 was derived (assuming 6.2 kpc, the distance of the optical counterpart). These Swift observations are a unique data-set for an outburst of a SFXT, thanks to the combination of sensitivity and time coverage, and they allowed a study of IGR J11215-5952 from outburst onset to almost quiescence. We find that the accretion phase lasts longer than previously thought on the basis of lower sensitivity instruments observing only the brightest flares. The observed phenomenology is consistent with a smoothly increasing flux triggered at the periastron passage in a wide eccentric orbit with many flares superimposed, possibly due to episodic or inhomogeneous accretion.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 418, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00009", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00110", "text": "Using mappings to computer-science problems and by applying sophisticated algorithms, one can study numerically many problems much better compared to applying standard approaches like Monte Carlo simulations. Here, using calculations of ground states of suitable perturbed systems, droplets are obtained in two-dimensional +-J spin glasses, which are in the focus of a currently very lifely debate. Since a sophisticated matching algorithm is applied here, exact ground states of large systems up to L^2=256^2 spins can be generated. Furthermore, no equilibration or extrapolation to T=0 is necessary. Three different +-J models are studied here: a) with open boundary conditions, b) with fixed boundary conditions and c) a diluted system where a fraction p=0.125 of all bonds is zero. For large systems, the droplet energy shows for all three models a power-law behavior E_D L^\\theta'_D with \\theta'_D<0. This is different from previous studies of domain walls, where a convergence to a constant non-zero value (\\theta_dw=0) has been found for such models. After correcting for the non-compactness of the droplets, the results are likely to be compatible with \\theta_D= -0.29 for all three models. This is in accordance with the Gaussian system where \\theta_D=-0.287(4) (\\nu=3.5 via \\nu=-1/\\theta_D). Nevertheless, the disorder-averaged spin-spin correlation exponent \\eta is determined here via the probability to have a non-zero-energy droplet, and \\eta~0.22$ is found for all three models, this being in contrast to the behavior of the model with Gaussian interactions, where exactly \\eta=0.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 353, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00074", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00111", "text": "It's the kind of goal that makes fans groan because, man, he probably should've stopped that. A shooter skating down the wing or even behind the net fires the puck between a goaltender and the near post for a short-side goal. It looks like it shouldn't go in, but it has been happening a lot more this season as players figure out what goalies are doing... or at least trying to do. \"Those goals, they don't look good, but I think if people knew how hard it was to do that maneuver, they might be a little less quick to jump to judgment on the goalies,\" Chicago Blackhawks goalie Scott Darling said. That maneuver is called the \"Reverse VH\" and it's the most widespread way for goalies to cover the post and not allow soft goals to be scored. An opposite of the previously-used \"VH\" stance, it means a goalie's pad against the post is horizontal along the ice while the back leg is vertical. The Reverse VH is more effective than its predecessor, but as NHL Network analyst and former goaltender Kevin Weekes has said : Short side has become the new five hole. And everyone in hockey knows it. Brian Boucher, another retired goalie turned analyst, said you can't go two or three nights without seeing a short-side goal somewhere around the league. As recently as Thursday night, Colorado Avalanche captain Gabriel Landeskog went short side on Stanley Cup-winning Pittsburgh Penguins goaltender Matt Murray on a textbook sharp-angle shot that looks like a bad goal but is more the product of shooters understanding techniques. \"Guys are realizing that the sharp-angle shots are extremely difficult to stop,\" Vezina Trophy-winning goalie Braden Holtby of the Washington Capitals said. \"You do see more and more guys trying it because it's a high-quality scoring chance. Guys figure out trends now. They kind of figure them out a little quicker than they used to, which isn't great for us.\" Jonathan Quick led the Los Angeles Kings to two Cups by using the Reverse VH and taking advantage of his Gumby-like athleticism. The stance, which originated in Sweden a few years before, took off in the NHL after Quick won the Cup in 2012 and now it's a go-to for most goalies. Goaltending analyst Justin Goldman points out that when a skater is coming down the ice, there's actually more room for the puck on the short side than the far side because there's less distance for", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00769", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00112", "text": "500 million to increase law enforcement and mental health counselors at schools, to make buildings more secure with metal detectors and to create an anonymous tip line. A package of legislation passed by the New York state Senate includes provisions for metal detectors and improved security technology in schools. A parent in Knox County, Kentucky, has said his law office would donate $25,000 for metal detectors in schools there. Alvarez, the student at Detroit's Western International, said she and others who attend the school go through metal detectors every morning. Her elementary and middle schools also had metal detectors. \"I've always seen it as something that made me feel safe,\" she said, adding that all schools should have them and not just inner-city ones \"so students don't feel discriminated against.\" Metal detectors are seen as a symptom of a \"stigma that already exists,\" said Mark Fancher, staff attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan's Racial Justice Project. \"There is a presumption that urban schools — particularly those with students of color — are violent places and security demands you have procedures in place that are intended to protect the safety of the students,\" Fancher said. But metal detectors, property searches, security guards and police in schools create conditions similar to those found in prisons, he said. \"Students, themselves, internalize these things,\" Fancher said. \"If you create a school that looks like a prison, the people who go there will pretty much decide that's what is expected of them.\" Many urban districts have a greater awareness and sensitivity when it comes to students' needs, said Kenneth Trump, president of the Cleveland-based National School Safety and Security Services, a K-12 security consulting firm. \"I think in urban schools, the approach of most of the educators, administrators and security personnel is, 'We realize there are issues kids bring to school,'\" said Trump, who has been in the school safety field for more than 30 years. \"The people will tell you, 'We are not in denial... we acknowledge our problems. We just don't have enough resources to deal with it.'\" Suburban and rural administrators, parents and students often view themselves as different from their big-city counterparts, and that may impact how they treat school security, he said. \"There's very often that divide of 'There's us and there's them. We're not the urban district. We are the alternative. We're the place people go to get away from the urban district", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00828", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00113", "text": "[Abridged] We present a comprehensive study of the metallicity dependence of the mass-loss rates in stationary stellar winds of hot massive stars. Assuming a power-law dependence of mass loss on metallicity, Mdot \\propto Z^{m}, and adopting a theoretical relation between the terminal velocity and metallicity, v_inf \\propto Z^{0.13} (Leitherer et al.), we find m = 0.83 +/- 0.16 for non-clumped outflows from an analysis of the wind momentum luminosity relation (WLR) for stars more luminous than 10^{5.2} Lsun. Within the errors, this result agrees with the prediction of m = 0.69 +/- 0.10 from Vink et al. For the high luminosity stars we find the mass loss rates to be greater than the predictions, implying wind clumping factors in their line-forming regions of ~4. For lower luminosity stars, the winds are so weak that their strengths cannot be reliably derived from optical lines, and one must rely on analysis of UV lines. In the low-luminosity domain the Galactic WLR is found to be much steeper than expected from theory, leading to a discrepancy between UV mass-loss rates and the predictions by a factor 100 at luminosities of L ~ 10^{4.75} Lsun, the origin of which is unknown. We emphasize that even if the current mass-loss rates of hot luminous stars are overestimated as a result of wind clumping, the degree of clumping would likely to be independent of metallicity, so the scalings derived in this study are expected to remain correct.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00468", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00114", "text": "We study a model of hard-core bosons on the kagome lattice with short-range hopping ($t$) and repulsive interactions ($V$). This model directly maps on to an easy-axis $S=1/2$ XXZ model on the kagome lattice and is also related, at large $V/t$, to a quantum dimer model on the triangular lattice. Using quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) numerics, we map out the phase diagram of this model at half-filling. At T=0, we show that this model exhibits a superfluid phase at small $V/t$ and an insulating phase at large $V/t$, separated by a continuous quantum phase transition at $V_c/t \\approx 19.8$. The insulating phase at T=0 appears to have no conventional broken symmetries, and is thus a uniform Mott insulator (a `spin liquid' in magnetic language). We characterize this insulating phase as a uniform $Z_2$ fractionalized insulator from the topological order in the ground state and estimate its vison gap. Consistent with this identification, there is no apparent thermal phase transition upon heating the insulator. The insulating phase instead smoothly crosses over into the high temperature paramagnet via an intermediate cooperative paramagnetic regime. We also study the superfluid-to-normal thermal transition for $V < V_c$. We find that this is a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition at small $V/t$ but changes to a first order transition for $V$ closer to $V_c$. We argue that this first order thermal transition is consistent with the presence of a nearby $Z_2$ insulating ground state obtained from the superfluid ground state by condensing double vortices.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00307", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00115", "text": "says Maestas. Her survey found that while such interactions were seen across the board, verbal abuse was much more common in customer service jobs and experienced at the highest rates among men who did not graduate from college. Younger women and women of \"prime age,\" defined in the survey as ages 35-49, experienced the most unwanted sexual attention. But people who have \"good\" bosses — or bosses who respect them, praise them, work with them and give feedback — were less likely to have workers who reported verbal or physical threats, Maestra notes. \"Maybe bad bosses are part of the problem,\" she says, when it comes to a hostile work environment. American workers feel, by and large, that they have a reasonable amount of autonomy on the job and are confident in their skills. Still, many workers, particularly those in service jobs and without a college degree, have little control over their work schedules. Some experience schedule changes the day of work or the day before. New York and San Francisco have passed laws requiring employers to make schedules more predictable, and Oregon may become the first state to require at least a week's notice of duty hours for certain service jobs so employees can plan doctors' appointments and child care and get to their second jobs. Despite multiple studies showing the benefits of telecommuting, it is still a rare option for many workers. The RAND survey found that 78 percent of employees are required to show up at their workplaces during regular business hours. No matter where we work, friendships play an important role in how we perceive our jobs. Sixty-one percent of women agree with the statement \"I have very good friends at work,\" while 53 percent of men agreed. While the emotional support helps, many jobs are simply tough on the body. Seventy-five percent of people surveyed report intense or repetitive physical exertion on the job at least 25 percent of the time. While workers who don't have a college education report greater physical challenges on the job — think health care aides and construction workers — college-educated and older workers face significant physical challenges as well, particularly in the medical and sales fields where they are lifting heavy items and on their feet most of the day. The physical exertion of their jobs may be why some older Americans retire early. It's also a prime consideration for many seniors who say they would consider going back to work for the \"right\" job, Maestas says. \"We've got more people retiring than ever, and", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00660", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00116", "text": "-- ``(1) a suit or action (other than a suit or action arising under section 592) brought for the forfeiture of a vessel, vehicle, aircraft, merchandise, or baggage seized under any law relating to the collection of duties on imports or tonnage; or ``(2) a suit or action brought for the recovery of the value of any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, merchandise, or baggage, because of a violation of that law.''. SEC. 6. RELEASE OF SEIZED PROPERTY FOR SUBSTANTIAL HARDSHIP. Section 614 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1614) is amended-- (1) by inserting ``(a) Release Upon Payment.--'' before ``If''; and (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: ``(b) Release of Seized Property for Substantial Hardship.-- ``(1) Request for release.--(A) A claimant is entitled to immediate release of seized property if continued possession by the Government would cause the claimant substantial hardship. ``(B) A claimant seeking release of property under this subsection shall-- ``(i) request possession of the property from the appropriate customs officer; and ``(ii) state in the request the basis for such release. ``(2) Civil action.--(A) If, within 10 days after the date on which a request is made under paragraph (1), the subject property has not been released, the claimant may file a complaint in any district court that would have jurisdiction over forfeiture proceedings relating to the property. ``(B) A complaint under subparagraph (B) shall state-- ``(i) the nature of the claim to the seized property; ``(ii) the reason why the continued possession by the United States Government pending the final disposition of forfeiture proceedings will cause substantial hardship to the claimant; and ``(iii) the steps that the claimant has taken to secure release of the property from the appropriate customs officer. ``(3) Return of property.--If a complaint is filed under paragraph (2), the district court shall order that the property be returned to the claimant, pending completion of proceedings by the United States Government to obtain forfeiture of the property, if the claimant shows that-- ``(A) the claimant is likely to demonstrate a possessory interest in the seized property; and ``(B) continued possession by the United States Government of the seized property is likely to cause substantial hardship to the claimant. ``(4", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00993", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00117", "text": "We analyze the properties of the shallow decay segment with a sample of 53 long Swift GRBs. We show that the distributions of its characteristics are log-normal or normal, and its isotropic X-ray energy (E_{iso,X}) is linearly correlated with the prompt gamma-ray energy, but with a steeper photon spectrum except for some X-ray flashes. No significant spectral evolution is observed from this phase to the follow-up phase, and the follow-up phase is usually consistent with the external shock models, implying that this segment likely due to a refreshed external shock. Within this scenario, the data are generally consistent with a roughly constant injection luminosity up to the end of this phase $t_b$. A positive correlation between E_{iso, X} and t_b also favors this scenario. Among the 13 bursts that have well-sampled optical light curves, 6 have an optical break around t_b and the breaks are consistent with being achromatic. However, the other 7 bursts either do not show an optical break or have a break at a different epoch than t_b. This raises a concern to the energy injection scenario, suggesting that the optical and X-ray emissions may not be the same component at least for a fraction of bursts. There are 4 significant outliers in the sample, and this shallow decau phase in these bursts is immediately followed by a very steep decay after t_b, which is inconsistent with any external shock model. The optical data of these bursts evolve independently from the X-ray data. These X-ray plateaus likely have an internal origin and demand continuous operation of a long-term GRB central engine. We conclude that the observed shallow decay phase likely has diverse physical origins(Abridged).", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 344, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00134", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00118", "text": "The galactic black hole candidate XTE J1817-330 was discovered in outburst by RXTE in January 2006. We present here the results of an XMM-Newton Target of opportunity observation (TOO), performed on 13 March 2006 (44 days after the maximum), and an INTEGRAL observation performed on 15-18 February 2006 (18 days after the maximum). The EPIC-pn camera on-board XMM-Newton was used in the fast read-out Burst mode to avoid photon pile-up, while the RGSs were used in Spectroscopy high count-rate mode. We fit both the XMM-Newton and the INTEGRAL spectra with a two-component model consisting of a thermal accretion disk and a comptonizing hot corona. The soft X-ray spectrum is dominated by an accretion disk component, with a maximum temperature decreasing from 0.96+/-0.04 keV at the time of the INTEGRAL observation to 0.70+/-m0.01 keV on 13 March. The Optical Monitors on board INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton showed the source with magnitudes V: 11.3-11.4, U:15.0-15.1 and UVW1:14.7-14.8. The soft X-ray spectrum, together with the optical and UV data, show a low hydrogen column density towards the source, and several absorption lines, most likely of interstellar origin, are detected in the RGS spectrum: OI K-alpha, OI K-beta, OII, OIII and OVII, which trace both cold and hot components of the ISM. The soft X-ray spectrum indicates the presence of a black hole, with an estimate for the upper limit of the mass of 6.0(+4.0/-2.5) Msun.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 390, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00405", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00119", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Holocaust Victims Redress Act''. TITLE I--HEIRLESS ASSETS SEC. 101. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. (a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows: (1) Among the $198,000,000 in German assets located in the United States and seized by the United States Government in World War II were believed to be bank accounts, trusts, securities, or other assets belonging to Jewish victims of the Holocaust. (2) Among an estimated $1,200,000,000 in assets of Swiss nationals and institutions which were frozen by the United States Government during World War II (including over $400,000,000 in bank deposits) were assets whose beneficial owners were believed to include victims of the Holocaust. (3) In the aftermath of the war, the Congress recognized that some of the victims of the Holocaust whose assets were among those seized or frozen during the war might not have any legal heirs, and legislation was enacted to authorize the transfer of up to $3,000,000 of such assets to organizations dedicated to providing relief and rehabilitation for survivors of the Holocaust. (4) Although the Congress and the Administration authorized the transfer of such amount to the relief organizations referred to in paragraph (3), the enormous administrative difficulties and cost involved in proving legal ownership of such assets, directly or beneficially, by victims of the Holocaust, and proving the existence or absence of heirs of such victims, led the Congress in 1962 to agree to a lump-sum settlement and to provide $500,000 for the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization of New York, such sum amounting to \\1/6\\th of the authorized maximum level of ``heirless'' assets to be transferred. (5) In June of 1997, a representative of the Secretary of State, in testimony before the Congress, urged the reconsideration of the limited $500,000 settlement. (6) While a precisely accurate accounting of ``heirless'' assets may be impossible, good conscience warrants the recognition that the victims of the Holocaust have a compelling moral claim to the unrestituted portion of assets referred to in paragraph (3). (7) Furthermore, leadership by the United States in meeting obligations to Holocaust victims would strengthen-- (A) the efforts of the United States to press for the speedy distribution of the remaining nearly 6 metric tons of gold still held by the Tripartite", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00907", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00120", "text": "Using archival RXTE data we derive the 2-16 keV Fourier-resolved spectra of the Atoll source 4U 1728-34 in a sequence of its timing states as its low QPO frequency spans the range between 6 and 94 Hz. The increase in the QPO frequency accompanies a spectral transition of the source from its island to its banana states. The banana-states' Fourier-resolved spectra are well fitted by a single blackbody component with $kT \\sim 2-3$ keV depending on the source position in the color -- color diagram and the Fourier frequency, thus indicating that this spectral component is responsible for the source variability on these timescales. This result is in approximate agreement with similar behavior exhibited by the Z sources, suggesting that, as in that case, the boundary layer -- the likely source of the thermal component -- is supported by radiation pressure. Furthermore, it is found that the iron line at $\\sim$6.6 keV, clearly present in the averaged spectra, not apparent within the limitations of our measurements in the frequency-resolved spectra irrespective of the frequency range. This would indicate that this spectral component exhibits little variability on time scales comprising the interval $10^{-2}-10^2$ seconds. In the island state the single blackbody model proved inadequate, particularly notable in our lowest frequency band ($0.008-0.8$ Hz). An absorbed powerlaw or an additive blackbody plus hard powerlaw model was required to obtain a satisfactory fit. Statistics do not allow unambiguous discrimination between these possible scenarios.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00244", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00121", "text": "vehicle with the teen driver; (ii) drivers and passengers in other vehicles involved in a crash with the teen driver's vehicle; and (iii) pedestrians. (4) According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety-- (A) the chance that a vehicle driven by a 16- or 17-year-old will be involved in an accident-- (i) doubles when there are 2 other teens in the vehicle; and (ii) quadruples when there are 4 teens in the vehicle; (B) States with strong nighttime driving restrictions experience lower fatal crash rates among drivers ages 15 to 17 years old; and (C) a higher age requirement for licensing teen drivers is correlated with a lower number of fatal crashes per capita. (5) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has found that distraction caused by cellular phones is significant enough to degrade driver performance, and is particularly dangerous for inexperienced drivers between 15 and 20 years of age. (6) That National Transportation Safety Board has found that although only 20 percent of driving by teenage drivers occurs at night, more than 50 percent of the motor vehicle crash fatalities involving teenage drivers occur at night. (7) According to a 2007 report from the Texas Transportation Institute at Texas A&M University-- (A) teenage drivers in rural areas are less likely to be aware of the risks and dangers associated with driving, placing them at higher risk of involvement in crashes; (B) teen drivers are more likely than other drivers-- (i) to drive with other teenage passengers; (ii) to drive late at night; (iii) to exceed the speed limit; (iv) to use cell phones while driving; and (v) to fail to use seat belts while driving. (8) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that although 23 percent of the population of the United States lives in rural areas, 57 percent of all traffic fatalities occur on rural roads, underscoring the elevated crash risk for teen drivers in rural areas. (9) The American Academy of Pediatrics has found evidence that the area of the brain responsible for planning, impulse control, and executive decisionmaking does not fully mature until a person is between 20 and 25 years of age, placing teen drivers at greater risk of being involved in an accident. (10) The Journal of the American Medical Association reports that after Michigan and North Carolina adopted comprehensive graduated driver licensing systems in 1997, crashes involving 16-year-old drivers decreased", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01146", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00122", "text": "MELBOURNE, Australia (AP) — Marin Cilic felt more than prepared to face Roger Federer in a Grand Slam final for the second time in six months. Last year at Wimbledon, he was hobbled by a blister on his foot and couldn't play his normally attacking style of tennis. Frustrated by not being able to perform in the moment, he put a towel over his head during a changeover and broke down in tears. He went on to lose in straight sets. There were no tears after his five-set loss to Federer in the Australian Open final on Sunday — at least, none from Cilic — but the big-serving Croatian player was frustrated nonetheless. This time, by the decision to close the roof at Rod Laver Arena before the match because of the extreme heat in Melbourne. The tournament referee made a late call to close the roof and Cilic said it was tough to acclimatize to playing indoors after practicing outdoors earlier in the day when the temperature reached a high of 38 Celsius (100 Fahrenheit). \"I have to say that decision, could it have been different? I guess so. I think that it was just little bit difficult to adjust, especially the beginning of the match,\" Cilic said. \"With the roof closed, it was way, way cooler than I expected. That was very, very difficult, especially for the final to be in that kind of a situation.\" Cilic did have a poor start to the match, getting broken in his first two service games and dropping the set in just 24 minutes. Afterward, he wasn't sure if the decision to close the roof gave Federer an advantage, but it clearly threw off his game. \"I had a slow start in the match,\" he said. \"Then catching up most of the time.\" After Cilic caught up and forced a fifth set, he had two chances for an early break in the first game that would have given him the lead — and continued his momentum. But he made two errors and let the chances slip away, then dropped his own serve twice as Federer ran away with the set. Still, Cilic was pleased just to have made his third major final and coming oh-so-close to adding to his only Grand Slam trophy at the 2014 U.S. Open. He also believes he's closing the gap with the top players in the men's game — the so-called Big Four of", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00733", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00123", "text": "modifications to procedures for improving the security of sealed sources in use, transportation, and storage, which may include periodic Commission audits or inspections to ensure that sealed sources are properly secured and can be fully accounted for, Commission evaluation of security measures, increased fines for violations of Commission regulations relating to security and safety measures applicable to licensees who possess sealed sources, background checks for certain individuals with access to sealed sources, assurances of the physical security of facilities that contain sealed sources, and the screening of shipments to facilities particularly at risk for sabotage of sealed sources to ensure that they do not contain explosives. ``b. Commission Actions.--Not later than 60 days after receipt by Congress and the President of the report required under subsection a.(3)(B), the Commission, in accordance with the recommendations of the task force, shall take any appropriate actions, including commencing revision of its system for licensing sealed sources, and shall take necessary steps to ensure that States that have entered into an agreement under section 274 b. establish compatible programs in a timely manner. ``c. National Academy of Sciences Study.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Commission shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for a study of industrial, research, and commercial uses for sealed sources. The study shall review the current uses for sealed sources, identifying industrial or other processes that utilize sealed sources that could be replaced with economically and technically equivalent (or improved) processes that do not require the use of radioactive materials. The Commission shall transmit the results of the study to Congress within 24 months after the date of the enactment of this section. ``d. Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term `sealed source' means any byproduct material or special nuclear material encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the material, except that such term does not include fuel or spent fuel.''. (b) Table of Sections Amendment.--The table of sections of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to chapter 14 the following new items: ``Sec. 170B. Uranium supply. ``Sec. 170C. Radiation source protection.''.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 448, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00960", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00124", "text": "only vehicle for astronaut crew rotation to the International Space Station after 2010. From 2011 until the planned operation of Orion in 2015, NASA likely has no other option for transporting American astronauts to space other than on Russian vehicles. (19) Due to NASA's lack of a backup plan for reliance on the Russians for transport of American astronauts to space, the United States needs a better approach. The best approach is the Space Shuttle, a proven, domestic source of space transport for assured access to space, including the International Space Station, for crew and cargo transport. (20) With 2 Shuttle missions per year during the human spaceflight program flight gap between Shuttle and Orion, currently scheduled from 2010 through 2015, we can replace our need to rely on the Russians for crew rotation for the International Space Station. (21) Savings from replacing Russian transport services to the International Space Station with the Space Shuttle would pay for a portion of the costs for flying 2 Space Shuttle missions per year. (22) Only by closing the gap between 2010 and 2015, or until the Orion is operational, will our Nation be able to keep our Nation's highly skilled and critically important spaceworkers and engineers gainfully employed, and mitigate the loss of critical skills. (23) By extending Space Shuttle operations, NASA may realize considerable savings by no longer having to pay retention bonuses to critical space workers. But retention bonuses would not be the only added costs associated with the end of Space Shuttle operations when critical skilled workers leave NASA or its contractors. Recruitment incentives for new workers and contract cost increases could also be incurred by NASA since the majority of the Kennedy Space Center's workforce are contractors. (24) The success of the Constellation program will depend on having the most skilled and experienced workforce possible. The workforce gap, as currently envisioned by NASA, will jeopardize this. NASA has acknowledged that thousands of critical space workers will lose their jobs in the transition from the Space Shuttle to the Constellation program. Continued operation of the Space Shuttle, but on a reduced flight requirement, while also integrating these workers into the Orion program, is the best way to retain many of these critical workers and skill sets. (25) An August 2007 study by the Government Accountability Office, ``NASA Progress Made on Strategic Human Capital Management, but Future Program Challenges Remain,'' stated that ``the agency as a whole faces challenges in recruiting and retaining highly experienced senior-level engineers in certain specialties. NASA", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01134", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00125", "text": "We report Hubble Space Telescope imaging obtained 155 days after the 2006 outburst of RS Ophiuchi. We detect extended emission in both [O III] and [Ne V] lines. In both lines, the remnant has a double ring structure. The E-W orientation and total extent of these structures (580+-50 AU at d=1.6kpc) is consistent with that expected due to expansion of emitting regions imaged earlier in the outburst at radio wavelengths. Expansion at high velocity appears to have been roughly constant in the E-W direction (v_{exp} = 3200+-300 km/s in the plane of the sky), with tentative evidence of deceleration N-S. We present a bipolar model of the remnant whose inclination is consistent with that of the central binary. The true expansion velocities of the polar components are then v = 5600+-1100 km/s. We suggest that the bipolar morphology of the remnant results from interaction of the outburst ejecta with a circumstellar medium that is significantly denser in the equatorial regions of the binary than at the poles. This is also consistent with observations of shock evolution in the X-ray and the possible presence of dust in the infrared. Furthermore, it is in line with models of the shaping of planetary nebulae with close binary central systems, and also with recent observations relating to the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae, for which recurrent novae are a proposed candidate. Our observations also reveal more extended structures to the S and E of the remnant whose possible origin is briefly discussed.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00267", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00126", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Children's Recovery from Trauma Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) According to a 2002 Government Accountability Office report (GAO-02-813), large numbers of children experience trauma-related mental health problems, while at the same time facing barriers to receiving appropriate mental health care. (2) According to the National Institute of Mental Health, only 36 percent of youth with any mental disorder received services, and only half of these youth who were severely impaired by their mental disorder received any professional mental health treatment. Of those with anxiety disorders (including post traumatic stress disorder), only 18 percent received services. Half of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14, and that despite effective treatments that have been developed, there are long delays, sometimes decades, between first onset of symptoms and when treatment is obtained. (3) Findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study have shown that adverse childhood experiences predispose children towards negative trajectories from infancy to adulthood. (4) The Great Smoky Mountains Study, a representative longitudinal study of children, found that by age 16, more than 67 percent of the children had been exposed to one or more traumatic events, such as child maltreatment, domestic violence, or sexual assault (Copeland et al, 2007). (5) According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the lifetime prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder for 13 to 18 year olds is 4 to 6 percent (NIMH, 2010). In 2007, the National Institute of Mental Health reported that adults who were abused or neglected as children have increased risk of major depression, often beginning in childhood with long- lasting effects. (6) According to the Department of Defense, more than 700,000 children have experienced one or more parental deployments. Children's reactions to a parent's deployment vary by a child's developmental stage, age, and presence of any preexisting psychological or behavioral problems. The mental health of the parent is often a key factor affecting the child's distress level. Parents reporting clinically significant stress are more likely to have children identified as high risk for psychological and behavioral problems. (7) The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey revealed that nearly 1 in 5 women reported having been the victim of a rape at some time during their lives. Forty-two percent", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01049", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00127", "text": "Spend more than an hour in a meeting with any major software company and you're bound to hear the buzzword \"hyperconverged infrastructure,\" but what is it, and why should you care? Industry analyst Zeus Kerravala explained it for us in a question-and-answer session. We played the role of skeptic. SEE: Virtualization policy (Tech Pro Research) TechRepublic: We think we understand what hyperconverged infrastructure means, but how would you explain it? Zeus Kerravala: \"It's kind of a weird term. There was already a converged infrastructure market [lacking the software aspect] when this technology came around. Hyperconverged platforms are turnkey products that include all the hardware and software one needs to run a contained little data center in a box.... When you look at running data center infrastructure there's a lot of different choices for buyers. If you use Cisco networking, EMC storage, and Dell computing, which is a pretty standard thing, there's over 800 configurations. [In HCI] the vendor's done all the heavy lifting. They're not plug-and-play... it's data center technology, nothing's ever going to be plug-and-play. But customers have told me the deployment time for these is days vs. months if you're trying to cobble it all together yourself.\" SEE: The cloud v. data center decision (ZDNet special report) | Download the report as a PDF (TechRepublic) TechRepublic: Do you think most corporate sysadmins and CIOs understand this? Zeus Kerravala: \"I'm not sure the CIO does. I think technology has been somewhat niche. It's been used primarily for virtual desktop deployments. Those are workloads that tend to be demanding... unified communications are a likely next thing. I don't really understand where the 'hyper' came from, to be honest with you.\" TechRepublic: Most good ideas in information technology are cyclical. How much of this is truly novel and how much is just a new name? Zeus Kerravala: \"We used to have converged platforms a long time ago, and we called them mainframes. The reason the hyperconverged market exists is to simplify the deployment of all the stuff we need to run data centers.\" TechRepublic: Why is this happening now? Zeus Kerravala: \"I talk to CIOs. More and more, CIOs are less concerned about the technical aspects of running stuff.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00535", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00128", "text": "of applications in the IoT and industrial space of the Internet of Things. You know I also think we have to be careful, because I do think there's a tendency and I'm certainly guilty of it, of using a lot of the buzzwords and attracting folks to the pure machine learning side of the equation. But what we're observing with clients today, is first of all, a lot of them are still moving through that journey of actually connecting to those devices, right? Controlling those devices. So kind of the, I would say the ability to actually aggregate data. But what's happening over time for sure is, as you aggregate that data, as you can start to look at broader trends, you could start to bring in things like machine learning, and the thing that I think that we're seeing today that is the most pronounced, is that you still need quite a bit of human interaction when it comes to machine learning or AI. You need to identify patterns, and then you need to feed those back into machine learning so that you know what that pattern recognition looks like, and then you can start to take proactive measures, and so, just one example. You know a lot of outages or problems that happen in industrial setting, often start, you can actually look at things like partial discharge, or electrical partial discharge that happens in equipment. And if that happens over a long period of time, eventually that piece of equipment's probably going to fail. And so today, if you kind of looked at the signatures of what that looks like, a human being can look at that, you know we have thousands of electrical engineers in our company. Incredibly intelligent about what they do. You might not necessarily want to go out drinking with them but, they're a lot of fun too, to actually identify these problems. These guys can look at that, they can look at those signatures, they can instantly say, \"You're going to have a problem here.\" Now to codify that, and actually take that and build AI around that, that process is, I would say we're in the early stages. So you saying this, this is what that pattern looks like, now you can feed that into an AI system, and you can start to create a set of patterns that you can look for, and then obviously do what we ultimately wanna do, which is not just predict, but avoid outages and equipment failures in an industrial setting. Patterson: Andrew, last question for", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00578", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00129", "text": "\"That's a good first step,\" Perkins said. \"That was good to get out with probably a little more intensity than I imagined. To feel like I could push it is exciting.\" Set to take Wednesday off from throwing before long-tossing again on Thursday, Perkins had some anxious moments over the weekend after canceling a planned bullpen session on Feb. 10. He used air quotes around the word \"setback,\" but it wasn't ideal when he felt soreness in his teres minor, one of the rotator cuff muscles involved in the external rotation of the shoulder joint. \"I think it had been bugging me longer than I thought,\" Perkins said. \"I just thought it was part of rehabbing and a little discomfort, but I think it had been lingering for a while, a month or so maybe. I forgot what it was like to feel good.\" Having hit every marker on his rehab calendar since June 23 surgery to repair a torn labrum, Perkins figures it was inevitable he'd have to back off at some point. The good news is Tuesday's moderate-intensity throwing session presented no challenges, physical or otherwise. \"They say that when you have the front of your shoulder fixed, eventually you're going to develop some sort of soreness or something in the back,\" Perkins said. \"It was bound to happen. It's just how your arm works. It was a matter of time before something happened.\" Perkins, who threw as usual under the eye of rehab coordinator Lanning Tucker, noted he was able to get about 7 months into an eight-month rehab schedule before he had to scale back a bit. \"I was lucky with that,\" he said. \"The whole thing had been laid out, and so you try to get through it that way and it doesn't always work. I don't think anyone's ever done that. I had a little soreness, and it went away in a couple days.\" A three-time all-star set to turn 34 on March 2, Perkins is entering the last guaranteed year of a contract extension he signed in the spring of 2014. He anticipates throwing his next bullpen session on Friday or Saturday but will be careful not to look too far ahead. \"I'm taking it day by day. I'm not getting that far ahead,\" he said. \"I got too far ahead last week. I was thinking about that bullpen a week before I threw it. You've got to focus on", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00597", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00130", "text": "Images via E! “I just got a call from the offices over at Vogue,” Kris Jenner tells her daughters Kendall and Kylie during Sunday night’s episode of Keeping Up with the Kardashians. “They’re coming to review the Kendall + Kylie collection in new York. This is like, such a big deal.” Advertisement “Getting a review from Vogue and having it be positive would mean everything to the girls,” Kris explains. But Kendall, already a Vogue cover girl, says she finds the prospect of a Vogue review “really terrifying.” Kylie, a generally unruffled personality, is seemingly chill about the situation. “You should be proud of yourselves. The fact that they’re giving you this attention in year one, Vogue usually does this after a designer has established themselves, even for years. And Nicole Phelps is actually the one coming to review the line,” Kris goes on to explain, more for the benefit of the viewers at home than for her children. “You should be very flattered that they want to see what you’re up to.” “Nicole Phelps has reviewed lines like Louis Vuitton, Givenchy, and all the top designers,” Kylie says of the Vogue Runway Director, helpfully breaking things down. “I mean if they love it, it’ll be amazing, but if they don’t, it could potentially make or break us,” Kendall adds. The conversation between the sisters and their mother looks like it was shot the week of September 19, which is odd, given that we then see them present their collection to Phelps during New York Fashion Week, which took place the first week of September. In the scene, we see a man with a microphone that isn’t identified, but was Vogue Runway Style Editor Edward Barsamian. The two did a Facebook Live interview with him on September 7. Phelps also posted about shooting that day. Strange given that, in a later scene, we see Kris telling Kendall about the review—which was also published September 7—as she shoots a campaign for will.i.am’s headphones or something, which appears to have taken place that week as well. “I know how nervous you were about the Vogue review,” Kris says to Kendall, before showing it to her and telling her “I heard they don’t really give them this early” (whatever that is supposed to signify). Then we hear (though do not see) Kris saying “They love every single piece,” with a very large pause between “love” and “every,”", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00673", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00131", "text": "in activities that provide alternatives to sex. Teenage girls who play sports, for instance, are more likely to delay sex and have fewer partners and less likely to become pregnant. (10) After-school programs help prevent teen pregnancy by advancing good decision-making skills and providing teens health education and positive role models in a supervised setting. (11) Eight in 10 girls and six in 10 boys report that they wish they had waited until they were older to have sex. SEC. 3. EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PREVENTING TEEN PREGNANCIES. (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this Act as the ``Secretary'') may make grants to local educational agencies, State and local public health agencies, and nonprofit private entities for the purpose of carrying out projects to provide education on preventing teen pregnancies. (b) Preference in Making Grants.--In making grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give preference to applicants that will carry out the projects under such subsection in communities for which the rate of teen pregnancy is significantly above the average rate of such pregnancies. (c) Certain Requirements.--A grant may be made under subsection (a) only if the applicant for the grant meets the following conditions with respect to the project involved: (1) The applicant agrees that information provided by the project on pregnancy prevention will be age-appropriate, factually and medically accurate and complete, and scientifically-based. (2) The applicant agrees that the project will give priority to preventing teen pregnancies by-- (A) encouraging teens to delay sexual activity; (B) providing educational services and interventions for sexually active teens or teens at risk of becoming sexually active; (C) educating both young men and women about the responsibilities and pressures that come along with parenting; (D) helping parents communicate with teens about sexuality; or (E) teaching young people responsible decision- making. (d) Matching Funds.-- (1) In general.--With respect to the costs of the project to be carried out under subsection (a) by an applicant, a grant may be made under such subsection only if the applicant agrees to make available (directly or through donations from public or private entities) non-Federal contributions toward such costs in an amount that is not less than 25 percent of such costs ($1 for each $3 of Federal funds provided in the grant). (2) Determination of amount contributed.--Non-Federal contributions required in paragraph (1) may", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01104", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00132", "text": "We present a detailed analysis of the prompt and afterglow emission of GRB 050410 and GRB 050412 detected by Swift for which no optical counterpart was observed. The 15-150 keV energy distribution of the GRB 050410 prompt emission shows a peak energy at 53 keV. The XRT light curve of this GRB decays as a power law with a slope of alpha=1.06+/-0.04. The spectrum is well reproduced by an absorbed power law with a spectral index Gamma_x=2.4+/-0.4 and a low energy absorption N_H=4(+3;-2)x10^21 cm^(-2) which is higher than the Galactic value. The 15-150 keV prompt emission in GRB 050412 is modelled with a hard (Gamma=0.7+/-0.2) power law. The XRT light curve follows a broken power law with the first slope alpha_1=0.7+/-0.4, the break time T_break=254(-41;+79) s and the second slope alpha_2=2.8(-0.8;+0.5). The spectrum is fitted by a power law with spectral index Gamma_x=1.3+/-0.2 which is absorbed at low energies by the Galactic column. The GRB 050410 afterglow reveals the expected characteristics of the third component of the canonical Swift light curve. Conversely, a complex phenomenology was detected in the GRB 050412 because of the presence of the very early break. The light curve in this case can be interpreted as being the last peak of the prompt emission. The two bursts present tight upper limits for the optical emission, however, neither of them can be clearly classified as dark. For GRB 050410, the suppression of the optical afterglow could be attributed to a low density interstellar medium surrounding the burst. For GRB 050412, the evaluation of the darkness is more difficult due to the ambiguity in the extrapolation of the X-ray afterglow light curve.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 434, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00083", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00133", "text": "it is still an operational facility for adults with really serious disabilities, although it is in the process of closing. But like a lot of things in Virginia, it was initially built on an enormous amount of land. And, so, a really interesting thing happened, which is that as the buildings that were originally part of the colony fell into disrepair, they were largely just moved out of — and new buildings were built on accompanying land, but those original buildings were not necessarily torn down. So the place itself is this really strange combination of functioning facility and ghost town of everything that it has been. I've never been in a place that felt more acutely haunted in my life. On how some people assume her physical disability means she also has an intellectual disability We do have a strange tendency in this country to equate any kind of disability with less intellectual capability and with even a less complete humanity. Certainly as a child and as a teenager — and even now as an adult — [I] encountered people who assumed that just because I used a wheelchair, maybe I couldn't even speak to them. I often get questions directed at people I'm with, as opposed to me, and that's a really interesting phenomenon. On the connection between poetry and theology Both poetry and theology for me are about paying attention to the world in a very intentional way, and about admitting a mystery that is bigger than anything that I rationally understand.... I think poetry has always been for me a kind of prayer. So those things feel very linked for me. And, again, poetry does feel like the first — and in some ways best — language I ever had for mystery and for my sense of what exists beyond the world we're currently living in. On how Catholicism has helped her accept her body One of the things that I find so moving about Catholicism is that it never forgets that to be a person is inherently and inescapably and necessarily to be in a body — a body that brings you pain, a body that brings you pleasure, a body that can be a barrier to thinking more completely about your life and your soul — but [that it] can also be a vehicle to delivering you into better communion with the world, with other people and to whatever divinity it is that you believe in. What Catholicism did for me, in part, is give me a framework in which to understand my body as not an accident or a punishment or a mistake, but as the body that I", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00634", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00134", "text": "We present a new catalog of star cluster candidates in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. It is based on eight existing catalogs wherein we have cross-referenced identifications and endeavored to resolve inconsistencies between them. Our catalog contains 451 candidates of which 255 are confirmed clusters based on HST and high resolution ground-based imaging. The catalog contains precise cluster positions (RA and Dec), magnitudes and colors in the UBVRIJHKs filters, metallicities, radial velocities, masses and ages, where available, and galactocentric distances for each cluster. The color distribution of the M33 clusters appears to be similar to those in the Large Magellanic Cloud with major peaks at (B-V)o~0.15, and (B-V)o~0.65. The intrinsic colors are correlated with cluster ages, which range from 10^{7.5} to 10^{10.3} years. The age distribution of the star clusters supports the notion of rapid cluster disruption with a slope of alpha=-1.09 +/- 0.07 in the dN_{cluster}/dt ~ t^{alpha} relation. In addition, comparison to theoretical single stellar population models suggests the presence of an age-metallicity relation among these clusters with younger clusters being more metal-rich. Analysis of the radial distribution of the clusters yields some evidence that younger clusters (age <~ 1 Gyr) may be more concentrated toward the center of M33 than older ones. A similar comparison with the radial profile of the M33 field stars shows the clusters to be more centrally concentrated at the greater than 99.9% confidence level. Possible reasons for this are presented and discussed; however, the overwhelming conclusion seems to be that a more complete and thorough cluster search is needed covering at least 4 square degrees centered on M33.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00040", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00135", "text": "of the harm.\" While ACT UP's activism centered on an array of complex issues, the central focus of HIV and AIDS was a unifying and organizing force. But anger at Trump is broad, diffuse and across a range of issues from health care to climate change. \"It's a different animal, there's not one single thing to organize against,\" Wolfe says. \"What we need is how to sustain focus. You can't just do one action, let's say, against (senior presidential adviser Steve) Bannon. You have to do many such actions.\" \"We know now that nominally democratic governments don't have to listen to social protests,\" says activist and writer Micah White, who helped launch the Occupy Wall Street protests. \"You can get 4 million people into the streets and there is no requirement in our Constitution or in our laws that the president has to listen. He's able to say, 'Thanks. Now go home.' And they go home.\" White now advocates a rural, Internet-enabled progressive movement where activists get elected to local offices and prove they can govern. \"As social protesters, we need to stop with this naïve belief that if we just get more people into the streets, then we'll get what we want. It's not true!\" White says. Finkelstein notes that he did not come up with the Silence=Death logo quickly on the back of a napkin one night over a beer. It was, he says, a deliberative, iterative process with five friends that took about six months to produce. He's not against big marches like January's massive Women's March in cities across America and the world, or the upcoming Earth Day March for Science. But his lesson from creating the iconic ACT UP logo: there's tremendous power in smaller actions that can reverberate in unexpected ways. \"If that million people were broken into small groups of four and five, think of the power that could have,\" Finkelstein says. \"Pussy Riot was four people with a boombox, and it totally changed the way we thought about Putin's administration.\" Rise and Resist and several other anti-Trump groups are still groping, in these early days, with what tactics might have a real impact with a famously media-savvy mogul turned president, who may be thin-skinned, but knows how to punch back. \"A lot of super smart people that I know are so distracted by the scorching lava flow of Trump's campaign,", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00608", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00136", "text": "SECTION 1. FINDINGS. The Congress makes the following findings: (1) Ensuring secure access to energy is in the highest national security interests of the United States. (2) Without secure access to oil supplies, the United States economy, which depends heavily on oil for transportation, could be severely affected. Two-thirds of the oil used in the United States is consumed by the transportation sector. Passenger vehicles alone account for 40 percent of United States oil use. (3) In the year 2000, the United States imported 58 percent of its oil needs, 45 percent of which came from Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) nations. (4) Over the next 20 years, according to the Energy Information Administration, the United States's demand for oil is projected to increase by 33 percent. (5) In 1973 OPEC placed an embargo on sales of oil to the United States, creating severe oil shortages and driving up oil prices in the United States. OPEC's action was a major factor in the recession which followed shortly thereafter. (6) Under the ``Carter Doctrine'', announced by President Carter in 1980, ``An attempt by any outside forces to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force.''. (7) Following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, the United States sent more than 500,000 troops to the Persian Gulf to expel the Iraqi troops, liberate Kuwait, protect Saudi Arabia, and ensure access to Persian Gulf oil. (8) As of March 19, 2003, the United States is on the verge of fighting yet another war against Iraq to further ensure access to vital oil supplies. (9) Many major oil producing nations do not share United States values of democracy, freedom of expression, thought, and religion, and equality for women. (10) During the Afghanistan conflict and the war on terrorism, many oil producing nations did not openly support the United States campaign to end the terror, and many of the terrorists of September 11 came from major OPEC nations. (11) It is in the highest national security interests of the United States to substantially reduce our dependence on oil as soon as possible, to secure our access to oil supplies, and to reduce our dependence on nations which do not share our", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01115", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00137", "text": "We present a study on the dynamics of massive BHs in galaxy mergers, obtained from a series of high-resolution N-Body/SPH simulations. The presence of a gaseous component is essential for the rapid formation of an eccentric (Keplerian) BH binary, that resides at the center of a massive (~10^9 Msun) turbulent nuclear disc. Using physically and/or numerically motivated recipes, we follow the accretion history of the BHs during the merger. The mass of the BHs increases as large central inflows of gas occur inside each galaxy, and their mass ratio varies with time. Given the encountered strong degeneracy between numerical resolution and physical assumptions, we suggest here three possible paths followed by the galaxies and the BHs during a merger in order to fulfill the M-sigma relation : Adjustment, Symbiosis, and BH Dominance. In an extremely high resolution run, we resolved the turbulent gas pattern down to parsec scales, and found that BH feedback is expected to be effective near the end of the merger. We then trace the BH binary orbit down to a scale of 0.1 pc modeling the nuclear disc as an equilibrium Mestel disc composed either of gas, gas and stars, or just stars. Under the action of dynamical friction against the rotating gaseous and/or stellar background the orbit circularizes. When this occurs, each BH is endowed with its own small-size (~0.01 pc) accretion disc comprising a few percent of the BH mass. Double AGN activity is expected to occur on an estimated timescale of ~10 Myrs, comparable to the inspiral time. The double nuclear point--like sources that may appear have typical separations of ~10 pc, and are likely to be embedded in the still ongoing starburst.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00252", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00138", "text": "Image: Jack Wallen Ah the ubiquitous web browser. What would we do without one? Not much, that's for sure. No matter if you're seated at your desk or roaming about with mobile in hand, you depend upon a web browser. But which browser? That's the key. There are browsers for every type of user, especially in the mobile landscape. Most users, however, simply live with the default. On Android, that's Chrome. What would you say if I told you there were better options? There's Firefox, Opera, Puffin, Dolphin, Naked Browser, Orfox, Ghostery, and so many more. But one particular mobile browser tends to fall through the cracks. That browser is Via Browser, and it is certainly worth your time. Via Browser is a lightweight, fast, customizable, mini browser that doesn't feel like a \"mini\" browser at all. In fact, outside of the fast speeds, Via contains enough features to make it feel like its full-blown brothers and sisters. Via is also really stable, with a developer that actively works to fix bugs and add new features. Let's install Via Browser on Android and see if it might make you want to switch from your default. Installation The installation of Via Browser is quite simple. Here are the necessary steps: Open the Google Play Store on your Android device Search for Via Browser Locate and tap the entry by Lakor Tap Install Allow the installation to complete That's all there is to the installation. At this point, you should see an icon for Via on the home screen or the App Drawer (or both). Tap to launch the browser. Permissions Out of the gate, you'll be warned about the necessary permissions. The developer has done a great job of explaining these permissions (so users won't grow paranoid that the browser is spying on them in any way - Figure A). Figure A Dismiss this warning and then okay the necessary permissions (Storage and Location). Usage Using Via Browser is incredibly intuitive. From the homepage (Figure B) tap the search bar and either type a search string or a URL. If you type a search string, the results will appear in a Google search. If you type a URL, guess what? The site in question will appear. Simple. Figure B If you don't want Google as your search provider, you can tap the Menu button (three horizontal bar icon in the bottom right of the Via homepage) and tap Settings. Tap General and scroll down", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00583", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00139", "text": "We calculate growth rates and corresponding gains for RX and LO mode radiation associated with the cyclotron maser instability for parameterized horseshoe electron velocity distributions. The velocity distribution function was modeled to closely fit the electron distribution functions observed in the auroral cavity. We systematically varied the model parameters as well as the propagation direction to study the dependence of growth rates on model parameters. The growth rate depends strongly on loss cone opening angle, which must be less than $90^{o}$ for significant CMI growth. The growth rate is sharply peaked for perpendicular radiation ($k_{\\parallel} = 0$), with a full-width at half-maximum $1.7^{o}$, in good agreement with observed k-vector orientations and numerical simulations. The fractional bandwidth varied between 10$^{-4}$ and 10$^{-2}$, depending most strongly on propagation direction. This range encompasses nearly all observed fractional AKR burst bandwidths. We find excellent agreement between the computed RX mode emergent intensities and observed AKR intensities assuming convective growth length $L_c\\approx$20-40 km and group speed 0.15$c$. The only computed LO mode growth rates compatible observed LO mode radiation levels occurred for number densities more than 100 times the average energetic electron densities measured in auroral cavities. This implies that LO mode radiation is not produced directly by the CMI mechanism but more likely results from mode conversion of RX mode radiation. We find that perturbation of the model velocity distribution by large ion solitary waves (ion holes) can enhance the growth rate by a factor of 2-4. This will result in a gain enhancement more than 40 dB depending on the convective growth length within the structure. Similar enhancements may be caused by EMIC waves.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 358, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00122", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00140", "text": "We present new results from a multi-wavelength (radio/infrared/optical/X-ray) study of the black hole X-ray binary GRO J1655-40 during its 2005 outburst. We detected, for the first time, mid-infrared emission at 24 um from the compact jet of a black hole X-ray binary during its hard state, when the source shows emission from a radio compact jet as well as a strong non-thermal hard X-ray component. These detections strongly constrain the optically thick part of the synchrotron spectrum of the compact jet, which is consistent with being flat over four orders of magnitude in frequency. Moreover, using this unprecedented coverage, and especially thanks to the new Spitzer observations, we can test broadband disk and jet models during the hard state. Two of the hard state broadband spectra are reasonably well fitted using a jet model with parameters overall similar to those previously found for Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4. Differences are also present; most notably, the jet power in GRO J1655-40 appears to be a factor of at least ~3-5 higher (depending on the distance) than that of Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4 at comparable disk luminosities. Furthermore, a few discrepancies between the model and the data, previously not found for the other two black hole systems for which there was no mid-IR/IR and optical coverage, are evident, and will help to constrain and refine theoretical models.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 305, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00413", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00141", "text": "A consistent folding model analysis of the ($\\Delta S=0, \\Delta T=1$) charge exchange \\pn reaction measured with $^{48}$Ca, $^{90}$Zr, $^{120}$Sn and $^{208}$Pb targets at the proton energies of 35 and 45 MeV is done within a two-channel coupling formalism. The nuclear ground state densities given by the Hartree-Fock-Bogoljubov formalism and the density dependent CDM3Y6 interaction were used as inputs for the folding calculation of the nucleon optical potential and \\pn form factor. To have an accurate isospin dependence of the interaction, a complex isovector density dependence of the CDM3Y6 interaction has been carefully calibrated against the microscopic Brueckner-Hatree-Fock calculation by Jeukenne, Lejeune and Mahaux before being used as folding input. Since the isovector coupling was used to explicitly link the isovector part of the nucleon optical potential to the cross section of \\pn reaction exciting the 0$^+$ isobaric analog states in $^{48}$Sc, $^{90}$Nb, $^{120}$Sb and $^{208}$Bi, the newly parameterized isovector density dependence could be well tested in the folding model analysis of the \\pn reaction. The isospin- and density dependent CDM3Y6 interaction was further used in the Hartree-Fock calculation of asymmetric nuclear matter, and a realistic estimation of the nuclear symmetry energy has been made.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 323, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00240", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00142", "text": "Photo Credit: Warner Bros. Pictures Yes, you read that correctly. Harry Potter! Arrested! Weed! Advertisement But no, I’m not elliptically referring to Daniel Radcliffe. And I’m not operating under some delusion that Harry Potter and his lot exist—although, in the midst of our current national nightmare, I have often fantasized about Hogwarts. I’m referring to Harry Potter, a 19-year-old from York, England, who was found in possession of marijuana, as well as cash presumably earned from selling it. There are of course many dumb, wizard-related jokes to make, but I’m afraid I’m a spoilsport. That said, I invite the rest of you to bask in the possibilities. Advertisement According to USA Today, Potter was riding his moped—go ahead, pause to make a broomstick joke—when a police officer stopped him, alerted by “a strong smell of cannabis.” After discovering the weed and cash, the officer arrested Potter, and his case was sent to trial. Apparently Potter’s lawyer argued that his client wasn’t really dealing, just procuring extra pot for his friends and charging the same price he had paid. But I don’t think anyone is especially invested in the nitty-gritty details of Potter’s legal troubles—he just has an unfortunate name. Or perhaps it has worked to his benefit! If he began a weed delivery service, he’d have plenty of options for a logo, and of course Potter offers some wordplay opportunities. In any case, I release you to the comments, where you may make merry with this information. I think we can all agree, however, that wizards probably have far better drugs than muggles. Sponsored (Oh, and for what it’s worth: multiple sorting hat quizzes, including the Pottermore one, have told me that I’m a Ravenclaw.)", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00691", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00143", "text": "traumatic cardiac arrest patient; (B) the development of research-based, nationally uniform, easily learned and well retained model core educational content concerning the use of such lifesaving interventions by health care professionals, allied health personnel, emergency medical services personnel, public safety personnel, and other persons who are likely to arrive immediately at the scene of a sudden cardiac arrest; (C) an identification of the legal, political, financial, and other barriers to implementing these lifesaving interventions; and (D) the development of model State legislation to reduce identified barriers and to enhance each State's response to this significant problem. SEC. 3. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MODEL PROGRAM ON THE FIRST LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL. Section 421 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285b-3) is amended by adding at the end the following subsection: ``(c) Programs under subsection (a)(1)(E) (relating to emergency medical services and preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative approaches) shall include programs for the following: ``(1) The development and dissemination, in coordination with the emergency services guidelines promulgated under section 402(a) of title 23, United States Code, by the Associate Administrator for Traffic Safety Programs, Department of Transportation, of a core content for a model State training program applicable to cardiac arrest for inclusion in appropriate current emergency medical services educational curricula and training programs that address lifesaving interventions, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The core content of such program-- ``(A) may be used by health care professionals, allied health personnel, emergency medical services personnel, public safety personnel, and any other persons who are likely to arrive immediately at the scene of a sudden cardiac arrest (in this subsection referred to as `cardiac arrest care providers') to provide lifesaving interventions, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ``(B) shall include age-specific criteria for the use of particular techniques, which shall include infants and children; and ``(C) shall be reevaluated as additional interventions are shown to be effective. ``(2) The operation of a demonstration project to provide training in such core content for cardiac arrest care providers. ``(3) The definition and identification of cardiac arrest care providers, by personal relationship, exposure to arrest or trauma, occupation (including health professionals), or otherwise, who could provide benefit to victims of out-of- hospital arrest by comprehension of such core content. ``(4", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01012", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00144", "text": "use social media, it's not only the pastor communicating on behalf of the church, but Christians communicating among each other.\" Although such Twitter services are yet to catch on, embracing the latest media trend is nothing new for Protestants. Five-hundred years ago, when Martin Luther first protested against corruption in the Catholic Church, it was the then relatively new printing press that helped his challenge to papal authority to \"go viral.\" Luther's supporters printed his radical ideas in pamphlets. Cheap to produce and easy to distribute, these pamphlets fostered public debate. Ulrike Zitzlsperger, a professor of German studies at the University of Exeter in England, says the 16th century pamphlet was the social media of Luther's day. \"I think the parallels with the use of Twitter today are really strong,\" Zitzlsperger says. \"You've got a topic that engages not just an educated public but really the wider public, the lay people. Everybody has a say.\" Luther's followers shared these pamphlets and responded to them by printing their own. These Twitter-like discussions spread so rapidly that the Catholic Church could do little to censor what it called heresy. Today though, it's no longer dissent but disinterest that threatens the Christian church in Europe. Back in Magdeburg, the Twitter service is in full swing. Messages from around Germany, where dozens of others participated, are displayed on the church's interactive screen in front of the altar. Some posts are encouraging, like the one from a Twitter user who tweets in German, \"We all make mistakes. God will show us the right way.\" Some users share their private prayers, like one who posts: \"I pray for the unborn child in my belly and that it is blessed with good health.\" Other users are less convinced. \"Sorry, this is too hectic,\" one writes. \"I go to church to find inner peace. I'm signing off.\" It's also too much for 86-year-old Ingeborg Brunner, who tiptoes out of church before the Twitter service is over. Brunner doesn't own a smartphone, so she feels somewhat left out. \"It was certainly interesting, but it's not my cup of tea\" Brunner admits. \"I'm a little old for Twitter. I prefer a proper service, when we get to sing hymns.\" While Brunner says she's pleased the church is appealing to the digitally devout, regular churchgoers like her", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00609", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00145", "text": "estimated to be at least $2,600,000,000. (8) Perpetrators of mail, telemarketing, and Internet fraud frequently target seniors because seniors are often vulnerable and trusting people. (9) As victims of such fraudulent schemes, many seniors pay a financial cost, having been robbed of their hard-earned life savings, and frequently pay an emotional cost, losing their self-respect and dignity. (10) Perpetrators of fraud targeting seniors often operate outside the United States, reaching their victims through the mail, telephone lines, and the Internet. (11) The Deceptive Mail Prevention and Enforcement Act increased the power of the United States Postal Service to protect consumers against persons who use deceptive mailings, such as those featuring games of chance, sweepstakes, skill contests, and facsimile checks. (12) During fiscal year 2007, Postal Inspection Service analysts prepared more than 27,000 letters and informative postcards in response to mail fraud complaints. During that same year, postal inspectors investigated 2,909 mail fraud cases in the United States and arrested 1,236 mail fraud suspects, of whom 1,118 were convicted. Postal inspectors also reported 162 telemarketing fraud investigations, with 83 arrests and 61 convictions resulting from such investigations. (13) In 2000, the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging reported that consumers lose approximately $40,000,000,000 each year to telemarketing fraud, and estimated that approximately 10 percent of the Nation's 14,000 telemarketing firms were fraudulent. Some researchers estimate that only one in 10,000 fraud victims reports the crime to the authorities. (14) A 2003 report by AARP found that, though the crime of telemarketing fraud is grossly underreported among seniors who have been victims of such fraud, seniors who are properly counseled by trained peer volunteers are less likely to fall victim to fraudulent practices. (15) The Federal Bureau of Investigation reports that the threat of fraud to seniors is growing and changing. This is largely due to the fact that many younger Baby Boomers have considerable computer skills and criminals have responded by targeting seniors through online scams like phishing and email spamming, in addition to traditional telephone calls and mass mailings. (16) The Internet Crime Complaint Center (hereinafter referred to in this paragraph as ``IC3'') is a partnership between", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01021", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00146", "text": "We consider the possibility that the dark matter, which is required to explain the dynamics of the neutral hydrogen clouds at large distances from the galactic center, could be in the form of a Bose-Einstein condensate. To study the condensate we use the non-relativistic Gross-Pitaevskii equation. By introducing the Madelung representation of the wave function, we formulate the dynamics of the system in terms of the continuity equation and of the hydrodynamic Euler equations. Hence dark matter can be described as a non-relativistic, Newtonian Bose-Einstein gravitational condensate gas, whose density and pressure are related by a barotropic equation of state. In the case of a condensate with quartic non-linearity, the equation of state is polytropic with index $n=1$. To test the validity of the model we fit the Newtonian tangential velocity equation of the model with a sample of rotation curves of low surface brightness and dwarf galaxies, respectively. We find a very good agreement between the theoretical rotation curves and the observational data for the low surface brightness galaxies. The deflection of photons passing through the dark matter halos is also analyzed, and the bending angle of light is computed. The bending angle obtained for the Bose-Einstein condensate is larger than that predicted by standard general relativistic and dark matter models. Therefore the study of the light deflection by galaxies and the gravitational lensing could discriminate between the Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model and other dark matter models.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 309, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00190", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00147", "text": "We study the direct CP violation in $\\bar{B}^0 \\to \\rho^0(\\omega)\\rho^0(\\omega) \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-$ (with unpolarized $\\rho^0(\\omega)$) via the $\\rho-\\omega$ mixing mechanism which causes a large strong phase difference and consequently a large CP violating asymmetry when the masses of the $\\pi^+\\pi^-$ pairs are in the vicinity of the $\\omega$ resonance. Since there are two $\\rho (\\omega)$ mesons in the intermediate state $\\rho-\\omega$ mixing contributes twice to the first order of isospin violation, leading to an even larger CP violating asymmetry (could be 30% -- 50% larger) than in the case where only one $\\rho (\\omega)$ meson is involved. The CP violating asymmetry depends on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements and the hadronic matrix elements. The factorization approach is applied in the calculation of the hadronic matrix elements with the nonfactorizable effects being included effectively in an effective parameter, $N_c$. We give the constraint on the range of $N_c$ from the latest experimental data for the branching ratios for $\\bar{B}^0 \\to\\rho^0\\rho^0$ and $\\bar{B}^0 \\to\\rho^+\\rho^-$. We find that the CP violating asymmetry could be very large (even more than 90% for some values of $N_c$). It is shown that the sensitivity of the CP violating asymmetry to $N_c$ is large compared with its smaller sensitivity to the CKM matrix elements. We also discuss the possibility to remove the mod $(\\pi)$ ambiguity in the determination of the CP violating phase angle $\\alpha$ through the measurement of the CP violating asymmetry in the decay $\\bar{B}^0\\to \\rho^0(\\omega)\\rho^0(\\omega) \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-$.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 431, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00082", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00148", "text": "Manish Vyas, president of business communication at Tech Mahindra, spoke with TechRepublic's Dan Patterson about innovations that will be enabled by the arrival of 5G. Watch the video, or read the full transcript of their conversation below: Patterson: Help us understand, Manish, 5G we hear a lot of hype about. What's the reality of this new wireless standard? Vyas: The reality is that it does promise us to transform. You very rightly use the word digital, but my translation of digital is it promises to change the way people would live, work, and play going forward in a more significant fashion than what you saw with the previous generations. If I could just expand on that a bit, 5G is not just about the throughput and the speed and the power and the latencies, but 5G is about exciting, exciting propositions that will come our way both in the enterprise space and in the consumer domain. Given that 5G also combined with some of the other later technological innovations that are happening as we speak, for example, artificial intelligence, will just enable a certain set of use cases. It will just change the paradigm of how people communicate, how people consume experiences, or how people transact business. All of that is going to change, so I guess that's the reason why everybody is so hyped up, if I may, about 5G. Patterson: So, how? We know that the capabilities of 2G, 3G, and 4G has iterated and created new technological capabilities. What specifically about 5G enables IoT, enables high-speed mobile devices, and enables artificial intelligence? Vyas: Yes. I think it is, and all of them are related, the convergence of other software technologies that are advancing at the speed of light right now. Let's take two of them, just to build a use case, right? Let's take VR, virtual reality. Let's take IoT, which is the ability to connect the devices and harness the power of data, right? Now, combine that with the wireless advancements that will happen with the 5G technology from an access, as well as from how the data is processed. It will create use cases that have hereto not been possible. SEE: Virtual and augmented reality policy (Tech Pro Research) One of my favorite examples that I often give is think of an NFL game, and think of the tailgate parties that", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00520", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00149", "text": ") A description of the strategies for integrating programs and services for children who are placed across State lines. ``(D) Such other information as the Secretary may require. ``(3) Grant authority.--The Secretary may make a grant to a State that complies with paragraph (2). ``(4) Use of funds.--A State to which a grant is made under this subsection shall use the grant for the development of the centralized electronic system described in paragraph (1). ``(5) Evaluations.--Not later than 1 year after the final year in which grants are awarded under this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress, and make available to the general public by posting on a website, that contains the following information: ``(A) How using the centralized electronic system developed pursuant to paragraph (4) has changed the time it takes for children to be placed across State lines. ``(B) The number of cases subject to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children that were processed through the centralized electronic system, and the number of interstate child placement cases that were processed outside the centralized electronic system, by each State in each year. ``(C) The progress made by States in implementing the centralized electronic system. ``(D) How using the centralized electronic system has affected various metrics related to child safety and well-being, including the time it takes for children to be placed across State lines. ``(E) How using the centralized electronic system has affected administrative costs and caseworker time spent on placing children across State lines. ``(6) Data integration.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretariat for the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children and the States, shall assess how the centralized electronic system developed pursuant to paragraph (4) could be used to better serve and protect children that come to the attention of the child welfare system, by-- ``(A) connecting the system with other data systems (such as systems operated by State law enforcement and judicial agencies, systems operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the purposes of the Innocence Lost National Initiative, and other systems); ``(B) simplifying and improving reporting related to paragraphs (34) and (35) of section 471(a) regarding children or youth who have been identified as being a sex trafficking victim or children missing from foster care; and ``(C) improving the ability of States to quickly comply with background check requirements of section 471(a)(20), including checks of child abuse and neglect registries as required by section 471(a)(20)(B).'", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00858", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00150", "text": ".--Chapter 19 of title I of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2015 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 244 the following: ``SEC. 251. THORIUM FUEL CYCLE NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION. ``(a) Definitions.--In this section: ``(1) Chairman.--The term `Chairman' means the Chairman of the Commission. ``(2) Department.--The term `Department' means the Department of Energy. ``(3) Office.--The term `Office' means an office established under subsection (b)(1). ``(4) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary of Energy. ``(b) Offices for Research and Regulation of Thorium Fuel Cycle Nuclear Power Generation.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Chairman, shall establish and provide funds to-- ``(1) an office for the regulation of thorium fuel cycle nuclear power generation within the Commission; and ``(2) an office of thorium-based fuel cycle research within the Department. ``(c) Regulations.-- ``(1) Fuel.--Not later than December 31, 2011, the Chairman, in consultation with industry and nonindustry experts, shall establish standards for the manufacture, testing, use, and management of spent thorium-based nuclear fuel. ``(2) Power generation.--Not later than December 31, 2012, the Chairman, in cooperation with the Secretary, shall promulgate regulations for facilities and materials used in thorium-based fuel cycle power generation. ``(d) Demonstration Projects.-- ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with industry experts, nonindustry experts, and National Laboratories, shall carry out demonstration projects for thorium-based nuclear power generation. ``(2) Administration.--In preparing for and selecting demonstration projects, the Secretary shall consult with reactor designers, utilities, engineering, and manufacturing firms to-- ``(A) determine the optimum use of thorium in different reactor types; ``(B) prioritize thorium-based fuel cycle options that take advantage of existing nuclear power infrastructure and could be deployed in support of light water reactors like reactors used in the United States in the near term; ``(C) license the manufacture of thorium-based fuels; ``(D) qualify and license thorium-based fuel for use in commercial reactors; and ``(E) develop and maintain databases necessary for United States industry and regulators to safely license and use advanced fuels. ``(e) International Partnerships and Incentives.--Not", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01045", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00151", "text": "they can cross-check their own diagnoses. How important is this? \"In many rural areas in China, there are no trained radiologists who can help stroke victims,\" said Chen. \"And in other areas of the world, like the US, radiologists make an average of $375,000 a year, so they are very expensive.\" Chen says that the feedback he gets from hospitals is that younger radiologists and medical practitioners rely heavily on AI, while older practitioners prefer to use it as a second opinion that they cross-check against their own. \"In a stroke, you want to respond to the condition as quickly as possible,\" said Chen. \"It might take 30 to 35 seconds in a standard process to generate a report on the condition so treatment can be determined. With our tool, that time is cut to less than three seconds.\" The use of deep learning and expanded analytics also expand the spectrum of diagnosis, which can lead to better results. \"In one non-stroke case that involved diagnosis and treatment of a bone fracture and a degenerated area of bone, the standard approach is to treat the affected area itself,\" said Chen. \"With analytics and AI, a system can focus on different areas of the body that are far removed from where the problem is to see if these other areas could be affecting the condition. If it is a problem that is being generated far from the fracture itself, the analytics allow us to treat causes of the condition, and not just symptoms.\" SEE: How to implement AI and machine learning (free PDF) (ZDNet/TechRepublic special report) Here are some best practices hospitals and clinics can adopt as AI and deep learning tools evolve: Deploy the tool where help is needed most If there is an acute shortage of medical practitioners in a specific region, analytics and AI can help in situations like stroke intervention and treatment, and the chances for success for patients will improve. Use the tool for training Radiologists and medical practitioners must develop knowledge and experience before they can become expert diagnosticians. An analytics and deep learning tool can assist in the training process because users can compare their own findings against what the system finds in numerous scenarios. Learn to expect the unexpected You might think you are going to treat one condition and end up treating another. The bone fracture that Chen mentioned, where the system actually found the causal problem in a different area of the body, is a prime example. This is why medical practitioners should keep their minds open. Never forget that AI and", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00543", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00152", "text": "of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(F) you will exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that might interfere with the objective evaluation of the health claim. ``(5) Failure to abide by the above rules will result in disbarment from the Independent Scientific Review program and disallowance of all compensation for any review undertaken. ``(b) Confirmation of Independent Scientific Reviewer Status.--No later than 30 days after the Secretary determines that a health claim meets the criteria established in section 3 of the Health Information Independence Act for government approval, including the certifications required under subsection (a)(4) of this section, from a person who seeks to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer, the Secretary shall notify that person whether he or she satisfies the qualification criteria specified in such subsection and is, thereby, eligible to be selected to serve as an Independent Scientific Reviewer. ``(c) Random Selection of Independent Scientific Reviewer to Evaluate Health Claim.--Not later than 15 days after the Secretary determines that a health claim meets the criteria established in section 3 of the Health Information Independence Act for government approval, the Secretary shall select an Independent Scientific Reviewer at random and shall provide that person with a complete copy of the health claim petition for evaluation. The Secretary shall not reveal the name of the Independent Scientific Reviewer to the public or to the health claim petitioner until after the Secretary receives from the Independent Scientific Reviewer all publicly available scientific evidence reviewed and a complete evaluation of the health claim. ``(d) All Publicly Available Scientific Evidence Shall Be Reviewed.--Upon receipt of a health claim petition, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall acquire and evaluate all publicly available scientific evidence relevant to the claim. The Independent Scientific Reviewer shall determine whether credible scientific evidence supports the health claim. ``(e) Every Health Claim Shall Be Recommended for Approval That Is Supported by Credible Scientific Evidence.--If the Independent Scientific Reviewer finds that credible scientific evidence supports the health claim, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall recommend to the Secretary that the health claim be approved. If the Independent Scientific Reviewer finds the scientific evidence in support of the claim less than conclusive, suggestive but not conclusive, preliminary and inconclusive, or generally accepted but not yet proven to a conclusive degree, or if the Independent Scientific Reviewer finds the claim to convey a potentially misleading connotation, the Independent Scientific Reviewer shall also recommend that the health claim be approved accompanied by a concise disclaimer carefully worded to render", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01057", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00153", "text": "We present multiwavelength (X-ray/optical/near-infrared/millimetre) observations of GRB 051022 between 2.5 hours and ~1.15 yr after the event. It is the most intense gamma-ray burst (~ 10^-4 erg cm^-2) detected by HETE-2, with the exception of the nearby GRB 030329. Optical and near infrared observations did not detect the afterglow despite a strong afterglow at X-ray wavelengths. Millimetre observations at Plateau de Bure (PdB) detected a source and a flare, confirming the association of this event with a moderately bright (R = 21.5) galaxy. Spectroscopic observations of this galaxy show strong [O II], Hbeta and [O III] emission lines at a redshift of 0.809. The spectral energy distribution of the galaxy implies Av (rest frame) = 1.0 and a starburst occuring ~ 25 Myr ago, during which the star-forming-rate reached >= 25 Msun/yr. In conjunction with the spatial extent (~ 1'') it suggests a very luminous (Mv = - 21.8) blue compact galaxy, for which we also find with Z Zsun. The X-ray spectrum shows evidence of considerable absorption by neutral gas with NH, X-ray = 3.47(+0.48/-0.47) x 10^22 cm^-2 (rest frame). Absorption by dust in the host galaxy at z = 0.809 certainly cannot account for the non-detection of the optical afterglow, unless the dust-to-gas ratio is quite different than that seen in our Galaxy (i.e. large dust grains). It is likely that the afterglow of the dark GRB 051022 was extinguished along the line of sight by an obscured, dense star forming region in a molecular cloud within the parent host galaxy. This galaxy is different from most GRB hosts being brighter than L* by a factor of 3. We have also derived a SFR ~ 50 Msun/yr and predict that this host galaxy will be detected at sub-mm wavelengths.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 452, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00488", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00154", "text": "She had overdosed. Someone had brought her to the clinic in the middle of the night on Feb. 2, authorities said, but when the clinic was closed, whoever brought her abandoned the car and left. They didn't call 911. This month, the Grand Forks Police Department put out a reminder that those using and possessing drugs who are present at the time of an overdose will not be prosecuted if they call and cooperate with first responders. In North Dakota and Minnesota, Good Samaritan laws are on the books that give immunity to those who call in drug overdoses if the caller remains on scene until first responders arrive and cooperate with medical services and law enforcement. The person must be in need of emergency medical services. Up to three people can be granted immunity. The law also applies to people overdosing from alcohol consumption. \"We want people to be focused on saving a life,\" said Lt. Jeremy Moe with the special resource bureau. In 2016, Grand Forks Police responded to 28 calls for overdoses. Three of them were fatal. State Sen. Howard Anderson Jr., R-Turtle Lake, was a sponsor of the Good Samaritan laws that passed in North Dakota in 2015. The former director of the North Dakota Board of Pharmacy, Anderson said he wanted to sponsor the law to give people a better chance to survive. Information provided by companions can be key to successful care. \"It's hard to find out what they took or what the situation is, so by the time doctors get a chance to figure out what it is, it's too late,\" Anderson said. In the process of passing the law, legislators heard testimony from a man whose companions had abandoned him in a dumpster, thinking he'd overdosed, Anderson said. But too few people know about the law, Anderson said. He also believes law enforcement have been overzealous in pressing charges against people, despite the law. \"They're using the Good Samaritan laws as an excuse to charge people because, obviously, if I gave you drugs, then I'm guilty of providing them for you. It's like a sale even if I gave it to you free,\" he said. \"So we need a little better education with police. If you're trying to save somebody's life for crying out loud, back off a little bit. Catch the crook the next time.\" Anderson said users speak to one another, and if law enforcement is too aggressive, it might deter people from", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00598", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00155", "text": "3 (16 U.S.C. 1533) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(j) Independent Scientific Review Requirements.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Action.--The term `action' means-- ``(i) the determination that a species is an endangered species or a threatened species under subsection (a); ``(ii) the determination under subsection (a) that an endangered species or a threatened species be removed from any list published under subsection (c)(1); ``(iii) the development of a recovery plan for a threatened species or endangered species under subsection (f); and ``(iv) the determination that a proposed action is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species and the proposal of any reasonable and prudent alternatives by the Secretary under section 7(b)(3). ``(B) Qualified individual.--The term `qualified individual' means an individual with expertise in the biological sciences-- ``(i) who through publication of peer- reviewed scientific literature or other means, has demonstrated scientific expertise on the species or a similar species or other scientific expertise relevant to the decision of the Secretary under subsection (a) or (f); ``(ii) who does not have, or represent any person with, a conflict of interest with respect to the determination that is the subject of the review; ``(iii) who is not a participant in any petition or proposed or final determination before the Secretary; and ``(iv) who has no direct financial interest, and is not employed by any person with a direct financial interest, in opposing the action under consideration. ``(2) List of independent scientific reviewers.--The Secretary shall solicit recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences and develop and maintain a list of qualified reviewers to participate in independent scientific review actions. ``(3) Appointment of independent scientific reviewers.--(A) Before any action shall become final, the Secretary shall appoint randomly, from among the list prepared in accordance with this section, 3 qualified individuals who shall review and report to the Secretary on the scientific information and analyses on which the proposed action is based. ``(B) The selection and activities of the referees selected pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.). ``(C) Reviewers shall be compensated for conducting the independent review. ``(4) Opinion of peer reviewers.--Independent reviewers shall provide the Secretary, within 3 months, their opinion regarding all relevant scientific information and assumptions relating to the taxonomy, population models, and", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00954", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00156", "text": "We first reported evidence for differential rotation of Kappa1 Ceti in Paper I. In this paper we demonstrate that the differential rotation pattern closely matches that for the Sun. This result is based on additional MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) observations in 2004 and 2005, to complement the 2003 observations discussed in Paper I. Using StarSpotz, a program developed specifically to analyze MOST photometry, we have solved for k, the differential rotation coefficient, and P_{EQ}, the equatorial rotation period using the light curves from all three years. The spots range in latitude from 10 to 75 degrees and k = 0.090^{+0.006}_{-0.005} -- less than the solar value but consistent with the younger age of the star. k is also well constrained by the independent spectroscopic estimate of vsini. We demonstrate independently that the pattern of differential rotation with latitude in fact conforms to solar. Details are given of the parallel tempering formalism used in finding the most robust solution which gives P_{EQ} = 8.77^{+0.03}_{-0.04} days -- smaller than that usually adopted, implying an age < 750 My. Our values of P_{EQ} and k can explain the range of rotation periods determined by others by spots or activity at a variety of latitudes. Historically, Ca II activity seems to occur consistently between latitudes 50 and 60 degrees which might indicate a permanent magnetic feature. Knowledge of k and P_{EQ} are key to understanding the dynamo mechanism and rotation structure in the convective zone as well assessing age for solar-type stars. We recently published values of k and P_{EQ} for epsilon Eri based on MOST photometry and expect to analyze MOST light curves for several more spotted, solar-type stars.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 379, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00058", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00157", "text": "John Stewart Bell's famous 1964 theorem is widely regarded as one of the most important developments in the foundations of physics. It has even been described as \"the most profound discovery of science.\" Yet even as we approach the 50th anniversary of Bell's discovery, its meaning and implications remain controversial. Many textbooks and commentators report that Bell's theorem refutes the possibility (suggested especially by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935) of supplementing ordinary quantum theory with additional (\"hidden\") variables that might restore determinism and/or some notion of an observer-independent reality. On this view, Bell's theorem supports the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. Bell's own view of his theorem, however, was quite different. He instead took the theorem as establishing an \"essential conflict\" between the now well-tested empirical predictions of quantum theory and relativistic \\emph{local causality}. The goal of the present paper is, in general, to make Bell's own views more widely known and, in particular, to explain in detail Bell's little-known mathematical formulation of the concept of relativistic local causality on which his theorem rests. We thus collect and organize many of Bell's crucial statements on these topics, which are scattered throughout his writings, into a self-contained, pedagogical discussion including elaborations of the concepts \"beable\", \"completeness\", and \"causality\" which figure in the formulation. We also show how local causality (as formulated by Bell) can be used to derive an empirically testable Bell-type inequality, and how it can be used to recapitulate the EPR argument.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 329, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00321", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00158", "text": "of such Code. SEC. 3. FEE. (a) Requirement.--Effective 180 days after the transmittal to the Congress of the results of the study conducted under section 6(a), the Administrator shall require that a fee be assessed on the sale (including a sale through the Internet or a catalogue) to an end-user of any computer, monitor, or other electronic device designated by the Administrator under subsection (c). The Administrator shall establish procedures for the collection of such fee. The requirement under this subsection shall not apply to a sale by an end-user to a subsequent end-user. (b) Fee Amount.--The amount of the fee required under subsection (a) shall-- (1) be an amount sufficient to cover the costs of carrying out section 4(a) and subsection (c) of this section; (2) be uniform-- (A) for each computer with a central processing unit and monitor integrated in a single device; (B) for each central processing unit; (C) for each monitor; and (D) for each class of other devices designated by the Administrator under subsection (c); (3) not exceed $10 per computer, monitor, or other designated device; and (4) be clearly indicated on the label, external packing materials, or sales receipt of the computer, monitor, or device. (c) Administrative Costs.--Persons required by the Administrator to collect a fee under this section may retain 3 percent of amounts so collected to pay the costs of administering the fee collection program. (d) Exempted Sales.--The requirement of a fee under this section shall not apply to a sale of a used computer, monitor, or device by a nonprofit organization. (e) Additional Exemption.--The Administrator may exempt from the requirement of a fee under this section any sale made under a contract or an arrangement that the Administrator determines is likely to result in the maximum reuse of significant components of the computer, monitor, or device, and the disposal of the remaining components-- (1) in an environmentally sound and responsible manner; (2) without violation of any Federal or State law; and (3) without reliance on funding from State or local governments, when the computer, monitor, or device is no longer of use to the end- user. (f) Designation of Electronic Devices.--The Administrator may designate additional electronic devices to which the fee under subsection (a) shall apply if those electronic devices-- (1) contain a", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01037", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00159", "text": "(5) Determination of methods to prevent the regrowth and reintroduction of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive and to reestablish native species. (c) Report on Assessment.-- (1) Preparation and content.--The Secretaries shall prepare a report containing the results of the assessment. The report shall identify long-term management and funding strategies that could be implemented by Federal, State, Tribal, and private land managers and owners on all land management types to address the invasion of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive. The report shall also identify deficiencies or areas for further study and where actual field demonstrations would be useful in the control effort. (2) Submission.--The Secretaries shall submit the report to the Committee on Resources and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate. (d) Support for Identification of Long-Term Management and Funding Strategies.--The Secretaries may make grants to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or both) with an established background and expertise in the public policy issues associated with the control of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive to obtain technical experience, support, and recommendations related to the identification of the long-term management and funding strategies required to be included in the report under subsection (c)(1). Each grant awarded under this subsection may not be less than $250,000. SEC. 4. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR CONTROL OF SALT CEDAR AND RUSSIAN OLIVE IN WESTERN STATES. (a) Demonstration Projects.-- (1) Projects required.--Based on the results of the assessment and report in section 3, the Secretaries shall initiate a program of not fewer than three demonstration projects in the Western United States designed to address the deficiencies and areas for further study to address the invasion of Salt Cedar and Russian Olive, including the test of additional control methods, identified by the report. (2) Implementation.--The Secretaries may enter into an agreement with a State in the Western United States to carry out a demonstration project. If the Secretaries select a demonstration project for implementation on National Forest System lands, the Secretary of Agriculture shall be responsible for implementation of the project. (b) Elements of Projects.-- (1) Design and scale.--Each demonstration project shall be designed with integrated methods and adaptive management strategies and carried out over time frames and spatial scales large enough to accomplish the goals laid out in the report. (2) Scientific review.--Before being", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01048", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00160", "text": "this again, converting the project input range (A15:H16) to a Table (with headers). Then, enable the Total Row as you did for the category Table. You may or may not need a project row each week. You could have 0 rows or several, depending on the number of projects you worked on that pay period. The current project list has only two projects, so you'd have up to two rows for the given pay period. If you add a new project next week, you might have up to three rows in this Table. As you add projects using the data validation list, the Table, shown in Figure K, expands. As before, don't worry about Table formats just yet. Figure K This Table will adjust to the number of projects you work on during the pay period. 8. Category and project totals To add a column of category totals, select I8, click AutoSum, highlight B8:H8 and press Enter. Change the default header to Category Totals and increase the column width. Repeat this process to add project totals to the project Table. Be sure to highlight row 16 (AutoSum might try to sum values in column I). 9. Grand daily totals Presently, you have category and project weekly totals in column I and daily subtotals in row 13 and 17. You don't have a daily grand total. Insert two blank rows between row 5 and 7. Select B7 and enter the expression =Table4[[#Totals],[Sunday]]+Table3[[#Totals],[Sunday]] Copy it to C7:H7. Instead of entering those long references, you could click B15 and B19. Figure L shows the timesheet after disabling the gridlines and applying Table formats consistently to both Table objects. It's a bit odd to have grand totals at the top of the sheet, but this position allows the project Table to grow with impunity. Figure L The complete timesheet. 10. Business rules At this point, your sheet is functional, but there are some things you might want to add. If blank cells are problematic for your accounting system, add zeros to the input ranges in the category and project Table objects. To do so, enter a 0 into an empty cell and copy it to the Clipboard. Then, select B10:H14 (the category input range) and press F5. In the resulting dialog, click Special. Select the Blanks option and click", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00555", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00161", "text": "kneecap. He also missed 21 games last season and 47 in 2015-16. If Griffin isn't able to stay on the court, that big contract will become quite a burden for the Pistons — and even if he is healthy, Detroit may need to be creative to build a capable supporting cast around him and Drummond. Van Gundy already suggested that it will be hard for the Pistons to make another major move before this year's trade deadline next week. \"If you look at our roster, and the fact that we gave up a pick and the whole thing, we don't have a ton of assets now to really do anything major,\" he said. \"But it doesn't mean something couldn't come up.\" No matter how this deal turns out, it feels like a tipping point for Van Gundy, the kind of trade that could define his tenure in Detroit. The Pistons will have a hard time withstanding any significant decline in Griffin's performance, but if he remains the star he's been for much of his career, his arrival could be a big step in the right direction. \"Since we've gotten here, all of our discussions have talked about, you know, how do you get that guy? How do you get the real superior talents in this league?\" Van Gundy said. \"You've got to have one of those guys.\" ___ More AP NBA: https://apnews.com/tag/NBAbasketball ___ Follow Noah Trister at www.Twitter.com/noahtrister", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 308, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00753", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00162", "text": "it can take on a different meaning if it's something that comes from the coach: \"Well, this is how we treat women and girls, and it's OK to talk about it and have a healthy conversation about it.\" We've reached more than 800 male athletes. Q. What kinds of results have you seen? Hall-Jiran: A new project update on Safer Tomorrows shows really exciting outcomes. Forty-six percent fewer students in grades 9-12 have reported that someone forced them to do something sexual that they did not want to do. Violence-related suspensions and expulsions are down 42 percent. Physical fights in schools, down 24 percent. Those are pretty awesome numbers. Q. Were these findings based on before-and-after surveys? Hall-Jiran: Right. We used a lot of the surveys that were already done in the school system, and then compared the results as the project progressed. We also in Grand Forks region have the lowest levels of dating violence at 33 percent lower than the rest of the state. And that's since the project started; before it started, we were actually higher than the rest of the state. Haga: The brain science of all this is fascinating. It is a touchy-feely method, but it's also a scientific truth that something is happening to the brains of our children when trauma is happening. And there are methods that we can use, if we know what to do and what to look for, that can heal those harms and actually change their brain science and actually prepare them even better. Hall-Jiran: And that changes generations. As you know, when someone has unresolved trauma and then they parent, there's no way it doesn't affect their kids. So it just goes on and on. I see that at CVIC, and I'm sad, because i think we should have been there for those kids 25 years ago the way we are now.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 393, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00593", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00163", "text": "GRB 060614 is a remarkable GRB observed by Swift with puzzling properties, which challenge current progenitor models. The lack of any bright SN down to very strict limits and the vanishing spectral lags are typical of short GRBs, strikingly at odds with the long (102s) duration of this event. Here we present spectral and temporal analysis of the Swift observations. We show that the burst presents standard optical, UV and X-ray afterglows. An achromatic break is observed simultaneously in optical and X-rays, at a time consistent with the break in the R-band light curve measured by the VLT. The achromatic behaviour and the consistent post-break decay slopes make GRB 060614 one of the best examples of a jet break for a Swift burst. The optical, UV and X-rays afterglow light curves have also an earlier break at ~30 ks. In the optical, there is strong spectral evolution around this break, suggesting the passage of a break frequency through the optical/UV band. The very blue spectrum at early times and the trend in the light curves (rising at low frequencies, and decaying at higher energies) suggest this may be the injection frequency. The early X-ray light curve is well interpreted as the X-ray counterpart of the burst extended emission. Spectral analysis of BAT/XRT data in the 80s overlap time show that the Ep of the burst has decreased to as low as 8keV at the beginning of the XRT observation. The Ep continues to decrease through the XRT energy band and exits it at about 500s after the trigger. The average Ep of the burst is likely < 24 keV but larger than 8 keV. The initial peak observed by BAT is however distinctly harder than the rest with Ep ~300 keV as measured by Konus Wind. Considering the time-averaged spectral properties, GRB 060614 is consistent with the Eiso-Ep_rest, Egamma-Ep_rest, and Liso-Ep correlations.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 410, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00059", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00164", "text": "We report the identification of a recurrent ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), a highly absorbed X-ray source (possibly a background AGN), and a young supernova remnant near the center of the starburst galaxy M82. From a series of Chandra observations taken from 1999 to 2005, we found that the transient ULX first appeared in 1999 October. The source turned off in 2000 January, but later reappeared and has been active since then. The X-ray luminosity of this source varies from below the detection level (~2.5e38 erg/s) to its active state in between ~7e39 erg/s and 1.3e40 erg/s (in the 0.5-10 keV energy band) and shows unusual spectral changes. The X-ray spectra of some Chandra observations are best fitted with an absorbed power-law model with photon index ranging from 1.3 to 1.7. These spectra are similar to those of Galactic black hole binary candidates seen in the low/hard state except that a very hard spectrum was seen in one of the observations. By comparing with near infrared images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, the ULX is found to be located within a young star cluster. Radio imaging indicates that it is associated with a H II region. We suggest that the ULX is likely to be a > 100 solar mass intermediate-mass black hole in the low/hard state. In addition to the transient ULX, we also found a highly absorbed hard X-ray source which is likely to be an AGN and an ultraluminous X-ray emitting young supernova remnant which may be related to a 100-year old gamma-ray burst event, within 2 arcsec of the transient ULX.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00222", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00165", "text": "To test whether the short GRB rates, redshift distribution and host galaxies are consistent with current theoretical predictions, we use avery large database of population synthesis calculations to examine BH-NS and NS-NS merger rates in the universe, factoring in (i) the star formation history of the universe, (ii) a heterogeneous population of star-forming galaxies, including spirals and ellipticals, and (iii) a simple flux-limited selection model for short GRB detection. When we require our models reproduce the known short GRB rates and redshift measurements (and, for NS-NS, the merger rates extrapolated from binary pulsars in the Galaxy), a small fraction of models reproduce all observations, both when we assume a NS-NS and a BH-NS origin for bursts. Most commonly models produce mergers preferentially in spiral galaxies if short GRBs arise from NS-NS mergers alone. Model universes where present-day binary mergers occur preferentially in elliptical galaxies necessarily include a significant fraction of binaries with long delay times between birth and merger (often $O(10{\\rm Gyr})$). Though long delays occur, almost all of our models predict that a higher proportion of short GRBs should occur at moderate to high redshift (e.g., $z>1$) than has presently been observed, in agreement with recent observations which suggest a selection bias towards successful follow-up of low-redshift short GRBs. Finally, if only a fraction of BH-NS mergers have the right combination of masses and spins to make GRBs, then at best only a small fraction of BH-NS models could be consistent with all {\\em current} available data. (Abridged)", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00303", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00166", "text": "A), the Administrator may consider, as a secondary consideration, likely technological feasibility in establishing and revising the national primary ambient air quality standard for the pollutant.''. (b) Timeline for Review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards.-- (1) 10-year cycle for all criteria air pollutants.--Section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409(d)) is amended-- (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``five-year intervals'' and inserting ``10-year intervals''; and (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``five-year intervals'' and inserting ``10-year intervals''. (2) Cycle for next review of ozone criteria and standards.--Notwithstanding section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409(d)), the Administrator shall not-- (A) complete, before October 26, 2025, any review of the criteria for ozone published under section 108 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7408) or the national ambient air quality standard for ozone promulgated under section 109 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7409); or (B) propose, before October 26, 2025, any revisions to those criteria or standards. (c) Consideration of Adverse Public Health, Welfare, Social, Economic, or Energy Effects.--Section 109(d)(2) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409(d)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(D) Advice from scientific review committee.-- Before establishing or revising a national ambient air quality standard, the Administrator shall request, and the scientific review committee appointed under subparagraph (A) shall provide, advice under subparagraph (C)(iv) regarding any adverse public health, welfare, social, economic, or energy effects which may result from various strategies for attainment and maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard.''. (d) Timely Issuance of Implementing Regulations and Guidance.-- Section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(e) Timely Issuance of Implementing Regulations and Guidance.-- ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection: ``(A) Best available control technology.--The term `best available control technology' has the meaning given that term in section 169. ``(B) Lowest achievable", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00920", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00167", "text": "We present deep polarimetric observations at 1420 MHz of the European Large Area ISO Survey North 1 region (ELAIS N1) as part of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Planck Deep Fields project. By combining closely spaced aperture synthesis fields, we image a region of 7.43 square degrees to a maximum sensitivity in Stokes Q and U of 78 microJy/beam, and detect 786 compact sources in Stokes I. Of these, 83 exhibit polarized emission. We find that the differential source counts (log N - log p) for polarized sources are nearly constant down to p > 500 microJy, and that these faint polarized radio sources are more highly polarized than the strong source population. The median fractional polarization is (4.8 +/- 0.7)% for polarized sources with Stokes I flux density between 1 and 30 mJy; approximately three times larger than sources with I > 100 mJy. The majority of the polarized sources have been identified with galaxies in the Spitzer Wide Area Infrared Extragalactic Survey (SWIRE) image of ELAIS N1. Most of the galaxies occupy regions in the IRAC 5.8/3.6 micron vs. 8.0/4.5 micron color-color diagram associated with dusty AGNs, or with ellipticals with an aging stellar population. A few host galaxies have colors that suggests significant PAH emission in the near-infrared. A small fraction, 12%, of the polarized sources are not detected in the SWIRE data. None of the polarized sources in our sample appears to be associated with an actively star-forming galaxy.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00158", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00168", "text": "Very recently, we proposed the row-monomial distributed orthogonal space-time block codes (DOSTBCs) and showed that the row-monomial DOSTBCs achieved approximately twice higher bandwidth efficiency than the repetitionbased cooperative strategy [1]. However, we imposed two limitations on the row-monomial DOSTBCs. The first one was that the associated matrices of the codes must be row-monomial. The other was the assumption that the relays did not have any channel state information (CSI) of the channels from the source to the relays, although this CSI could be readily obtained at the relays without any additional pilot signals or any feedback overhead. In this paper, we first remove the row-monomial limitation; but keep the CSI limitation. In this case, we derive an upper bound of the data-rate of the DOSTBC and it is larger than that of the row-monomial DOSTBCs in [1]. Secondly, we abandon the CSI limitation; but keep the row-monomial limitation. Specifically, we propose the row-monomial DOSTBCs with channel phase information (DOSTBCs-CPI) and derive an upper bound of the data-rate of those codes. The rowmonomial DOSTBCs-CPI have higher data-rate than the DOSTBCs and the row-monomial DOSTBCs. Furthermore, we find the actual row-monomial DOSTBCs-CPI which achieve the upper bound of the data-rate.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 305, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00498", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00169", "text": "head of an agency determines it is not practicable to provide an estimate of the number of individuals and beneficiaries served by the program-- ``(I) an explanation of why data regarding the number of such individuals and beneficiaries cannot be provided; and ``(II) a discussion of the measures that could be taken to gather the data required to provide such an estimate; and ``(iii) a description of-- ``(I) the Federal employees who administer the program, including the number of full-time equivalents with a pro rata estimate for full-time equivalents associated with multiple programs; and ``(II) other individuals whose salary is paid in part or full by the Federal Government through a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or another form of financial award or assistance who administer or assist in any way in administering the program, including the number of full-time equivalents, to the extent practicable; ``(G) links to any evaluation, assessment, or program performance reviews by the agency, an Inspector General, or the Government Accountability Office (including program performance reports required under section 1116) released during the preceding 5 years; and ``(H) to the extent practicable, financial and other information for each program activity required to be reported under the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note).''; and (5) by adding at the end the following: ``(4) Information for smaller programs.--Information for each program identified in the program inventory required under paragraph (2) for which there is more than $1,000,000 and not more than $10,000,000 in annual budget authority shall, at a minimum, include-- ``(A) an identification of the program activities that are aggregated, disaggregated, or consolidated as part of identifying programs; ``(B) for each program activity described in subparagraph (A), the amount of funding for the current fiscal year and previous 2 fiscal years; ``(C) an identification of the statutes that authorize the program and any major regulations specific to the program; ``(D) for any program that provides grants or other financial assistance to individuals or entities, a description of the individuals served by the program and beneficiaries who received financial assistance under the program for the most recent fiscal year; and ``(E) links to any evaluation, assessment, or program performance reviews by the agency, an Inspector General, or the Government Accountability Office (including program performance reports required under section 1116) released during the preceding 5 years.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01130", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00170", "text": "Image via Jim Cooke/GMG When I was in my early twenties I dated a guy who was just a nightmare. He played games with my mind, going back and forth between making me feel like I was the best thing ever and then making me think I made him sick to his stomach. Emotionally, I was a wreck. But things never got physical. Except once. We fought, punches were thrown and I left his apartment in tears. My roommates found out and told my parents. My parents confronted me over it; I told them it was overblown and not a big deal and they never brought it up again. Considering that experience, I’m surprised I never talked to my step-daughter Lauren about abuse. Advertisement I started out writing this column thinking that I did a great job talking to Lauren about sex and relationships. Over the last few topics we’ve discussed, I realize I wasn’t as great about it as I thought I was. I didn’t mind talking about the nuts and bolts of sex. (This is the labia!) But I stopped short of a lot of the things that also matter—understanding orgasms and how to understand abuse and sexual assault. I was fine with the birds and the bees—not so much about the nitty gritty business. So finally, I talked to Lauren about her thoughts on why we never discussed domestic violence, why emotional abuse is much more rampant in her circle and—as always—why social media makes it all so much worse. I never talked to you about domestic violence. Nope, we never discussed it! Why do you think I didn’t bring it up? I think you thought it was a Thing that didn’t need to be said because of course that’s not okay. Which of course, is not how that works. Exactly. I think it was based on assumption. Also, we talked about general Not Okay Abuse stuff. Like bullies and stuff. And you probably felt like domestic violence was in that category. Before we move on, do we need to break out physical abuse from emotional abuse? Well, we can’t privilege one over the other. But we can usually see physical abuse while it’s hard to gauge how impactful emotional stuff can be. Even when it’s your own self being abused. Have you ever been physically abused by a partner? Physically? No. Never. I’ve experienced emotional abuse. What about your friends—what you know, of course. I don’t think so. Wait", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00677", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00171", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Broadband Antitrust Restoration and Reform Act''. SEC. 2. AMENDMENT TO THE CLAYTON ACT. The Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 28. COMPETITION IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES. ``(a) Application Prerequisite To Providing High Speed Data Service or Internet Backbone Service; Attorney General Reinstatement of Pro- Competitive Regulations.-- ``(1) Requirement to file application with attorney general of the united states.--A Bell operating company or an affiliate of a Bell operating company may not provide any interLATA service in any of its in-region States under the authority of any amendment to section 271 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 271) enacted after June 13, 2001-- ``(A) unless it files with the Attorney General of the United States an application to provide such service; and ``(B) until the Attorney General-- ``(i) approves such application before the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date such application is filed; or ``(ii) fails to approve or to disapprove such application during such 90-day period. ``(2) Authority of attorney general.--The Attorney General of the United States-- ``(A) may issue rules to establish requirements applicable to the form and contents of applications filed under paragraph (1); ``(B) may make recommendations to an applicant regarding-- ``(i) withdrawal of an application filed under paragraph (1); or ``(ii) filing of an application under paragraph (1), with or without modifications, subsequent to the withdrawal of an application filed under such paragraph; and ``(C) may not approve an application filed in compliance with this subsection if the Attorney General determines that the applicant-- ``(i) has monopoly power in the local exchange market; and ``(ii) is using or is likely to use its monopoly power in order to engage in exclusionary or other anticompetitive conduct. ``(3) Withdrawal of application.--An application filed under paragraph (1) may be withdrawn by the applicant at any time before the Attorney General approves or disapproves such application, but may not be modified after being filed. ``(4) Reinstatement of regulation.--If the Attorney General, sua sponte, determines that the conditions specified in paragraph (2)(C) have been met with respect to", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01110", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00172", "text": "conduct a study reviewing the various assessments that have been conducted by Federal agencies and others regarding the potential effects and costs of partially and fully removing the 4 lower Snake River dams. The Comptroller General's review shall include a comparison of the scope and methodologies used in, findings of, and recommendations made in those studies that have addressed any or all of the following: (1) The economic effects of dam removal and recovered Snake River salmon and steelhead populations for communities near the dams, for communities upstream from the dams, and for downstream and coastal communities, including downstream and coastal communities located within the boundaries of Alaska, California, and Canada. This analysis should include the impacts on commercial fishing, sport fishing, and nonfishing recreation such as boating and camping, including employment gains or losses that would result from removing the lower Snake River dams and replacing their energy, navigation, and water supply benefits in the most cost-effective manner. (2) The effects of dam removal on freight transportation, including-- (A) the feasibility, costs, and sufficiency of various alternative transportation configurations utilizing existing or upgraded railroads, highways, Columbia River barges, or other means; (B) the economic benefits and costs of various alternatives for replacing the dams' freight transportation benefits; (C) the environmental impact of shifting to such alternatives; (D) the means for mitigating any environmental harm that might be caused by the use of such alternatives; and (E) any development or expansion of such alternatives that would be required to continue transporting the same amount of cargo that is currently transported on the lower Snake River. (3) The effects of dam removal on irrigation, including the availability of alternatives to replace irrigation water or to extend irrigation pumps. (4) The effects of dam removal on energy production, including the regional effects of any changes in energy production, identification of alternative renewable energy sources or energy efficiency measures that could replace any loss in energy production, and the benefits and costs of such energy alternatives. (5) The economic effects of extinction of the salmon and steelhead populations in the Snake River. (b) Review of Dam Removal Engineering Cost Determinations by Corps of Engineers.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study reviewing and determining the accuracy of the engineering costs associated with dam removal as determined by the February 2002 Army Corps of Engineers Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Report/Environmental Impact Statement. (c) Reports.--Not later than 12 months", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00881", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00173", "text": "MELBOURNE, Australia (AP) — Once he'd become the first man to win 20 Grand Slam singles titles, the questions to Roger Federer shifted to another major milestone. The record for most major singles titles is 24, set by Margaret Court across the amateur and professional eras. Serena Williams set the Open era record last year when she beat her sister Venus in the Australian Open final for her 23rd major title. That win 12 months ago — Serena Williams' last before taking time out for her pregnancy and the birth last September of her daughter — coincided with Federer's drought-breaking triumph at Melbourne Park. Federer's win over Rafael Nadal in the 2017 final ended a Grand Slam drought dating back to Wimbledon in 2012. He followed that up by winning the Wimbledon title and finished last year at No. 2. Now that he has successfully defended a Grand Slam title for the first time in almost a decade — he won the U.S. Open five consecutive years from 2004 to 2008 (equaling his longest streak of five Wimbledon titles from 2003-7) — people are speculating about his chances of matching Court's record. \"I didn't think 20 was ever possible, to be honest. But, no, I think it's too far,\" Federer said. \"Those numbers are surreal. They're amazing. I'm very happy if it stays at 20. What a moment.\" Federer didn't hide his emotion after beating sixth-seeded Marin Cilic 6-2, 6-7 (5), 6-3, 3-6, 6-1 on Rod Laver Arena on Sunday night, shedding tears as he accepted the trophy. Even the great Laver, sitting in the crowd, was compelled to get a photo of it for posterity. At the age of 36 years, 173 days, Federer became the second-oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era after Ken Rosewall, who won the 1972 Australian Open at 37. The father-of-four said careful planning and staying injury-free could keep him in contention at the big tournaments. \"I've won three Slams now in 12 months. I can't believe it myself,\" Federer said. \"I've just got to keep a good schedule, stay hungry, then maybe good things can happen.\" Here's what", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00748", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00174", "text": "left knee while diving into the end zone for a touchdown that was called back because of a holding penalty. Wentz is scheduled to have an MRI on Monday to evaluate the severity of the injury. Two people familiar with the injury told Associated Press that Wentz tore his ACL and would be out for the season. The people did not want their names used because they were not authorized to discuss the injury. Other QBs hurt Sunday were Marcus Mariota of the Titans (knee) and Josh McCown of the Jets (hand). BIG BEN: Ben Roethlisberger became the first quarterback to throw for 500 yards in three games and the Steelers, after squandering an early 14-point lead, rallied from 11 down for a 39-38 win over Baltimore. Roethlisberger's numbers: 44 for 66 for 506 yards and two touchdowns. Roethlisberger's previous 500-yard games came in 2014 (522 yards vs. Colts) and 2009 (503 vs. Packers). SNOW DAY: Snowball fight! On a day like this, Bills linebacker Ryan Davis could hardly resist. Davis scooped up handfuls of the white stuff and started pelting teammates to celebrate a sack. It was one of dozens of must-see moments from Buffalo's 13-7 overtime win over Indianapolis that will be remembered for one thing: snow. Fans built snowmen in the stands, players did snow angels on the field and all 11 members of the Colts special teams — plus some sideline personnel who were later removed from the field by officials — had to kick away piles of ankle-high snow to clear a spot for Adam Vinatieri to try the game-tying extra point late in the fourth quarter. WALK-OFF WIN: Davante Adams closed out Green Bay's comeback win over the Browns in style. After catching the pass from Brett Hundley and spinning away, he scooted into the end zone, then kept right on running into the tunnel. Final score: Green Bay 27, Cleveland 21. It was Green Bay's second straight overtime win and it kept the Packers alive in the playoff hunt, at 7-6, with Aaron Rodgers rounding into health and possibly available to return next week. Oh, and poor Cleveland found yet another way to lose. The Browns led 21-7 with 13 minutes left, but fell to 0-13. FINE TIME: The NFL might be getting into", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00713", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00175", "text": "be debarred for at least 3 years from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in a program described in subsection (a) or to any Federal agency. ``(c) Waivers.--The Secretary may waive a debarment imposed under subsection (a) or (b) if the Secretary determines that debarment would-- ``(1) likely have a significant adverse effect on competition or prices in the relevant market or nationally; ``(2) seriously interfere with the ability of a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium to procure a needed product or commodity for a program described in subsection (a); ``(3) be unfair to a person, subsidiary corporation, affiliate, parent company, or local division of a corporation that is not involved in the improper activity that would otherwise result in the debarment; or ``(4) not be in the public interest. ``(d) Relationship to Other Authority.--A debarment imposed under this section shall not reduce or diminish the authority of a Federal, State, or local government agency or court to-- ``(1) penalize, fine, suspend, debar, or otherwise punish, in a civil or criminal action, a person or a principal or affiliate of the person; or ``(2) imprison, debar, suspend, fine, or otherwise punish a person or a principal or affiliate of the person. ``(e) Regulations.--The Secretary shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.''. (b) Implementation.-- (1) Application.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall not apply to a conviction that is based on an activity that took place prior to the date of enactment of this Act. (2) Regulations.--Not later than July 1, 1994, the Secretary of Agriculture shall amend the nonprocurement regulations established under part 3017 of chapter XXX of subtitle B of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, to conform with section 12A of the National School Lunch Act (as added by subsection (a)). (3) Consistent debarment policy.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Secretary of Defense, and such other officials as the Secretary of Agriculture determines are appropriate, shall advise the appropriate committees of Congress", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01080", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00176", "text": "s (b) and (c), the Secretary shall debar a person, and each principal and affiliate of the person, for at least 1 year from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in the school lunch program established under this Act, the school breakfast program established under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.), the special milk program established under section 3 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1772), or the summer food service program for children established under section 13 of this Act if the person, or a principal or affiliate of the person, is convicted, in connection with supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in any of the programs, or to any Federal agency, of-- ``(1) an anticompetitive activity, including bid-rigging, price-fixing, the allocation of customers between competitors, or other violation of Federal or State law related to protecting competition; ``(2) mail fraud, bribery, theft, or embezzlement; ``(3) making a false statement or claim; ``(4) making a false declaration before a grand jury; or ``(5) other obstruction of justice. ``(b) Subsequent Convictions.--Except as provided in subsection (c), if a person, or a principal or affiliate of the person, is convicted of an activity described in subsection (a) after having been previously debarred under this section, the person, and each principal and affiliate of the person, shall be debarred for at least 3 years from supplying, providing, or selling a product or commodity to any school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium participating in a program described in subsection (a) or to any Federal agency. ``(c) Waivers.--The Secretary may waive a debarment imposed under subsection (a) or (b) if the Secretary determines that debarment would-- ``(1) likely have a significant adverse effect on competition or prices in the relevant market or nationally; ``(2) seriously interfere with the ability of a school, school district, school food service authority, or school district consortium to procure a needed product or commodity for a program described in subsection (a); ``(3)", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01079", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00177", "text": "Using SDSS I data, we have analysed the stellar distribution of the Leo II dwarf spheroidal galaxy (distance of 233 kpc) to search for evidence of tidal deformation. The existing SDSS photometric catalogue contains gaps in regions of high stellar crowding, hence we filled the area at the centre of Leo II using the DAOPHOT algorithm applied to the SDSS images. The combined DAOPHOT-SDSS dataset contains three-filter photometry over a 4x4 square degree region centred on Leo II. By defining a mask in three-filter colour-magnitude space, we removed the majority of foreground field stars. We have measured the following Leo II structural parameters: a core radius of r_c = 2.64 +/- 0.19 arcmin (178 +/- 13 pc), a tidal radius of r_t = 9.33 +/- 0.47 arcmin (632 +/- 32 pc) and a total V-band luminosity of L_V = (7.4 +/- 2.0) times 10^5 L_sun (M_V = -9.9 +/- 0.3). Our comprehensive analysis of the Leo II structure did not reveal any significant signs of tidal distortion. The internal structure of this object contains only mild isophotal twisting. A small overdensity was discovered appoximately 4.5 tidal radii from the Leo II centre, however we conclude it is unlikely to be material tidally stripped from Leo II based on its stellar population, and is most likely a foreground overdensity of stars. Our results indicate that the influence of the Galactic graviational field on the structure of Leo II has been relatively mild. We rederived the mass-to-light ratio of this system using existing kinematic data combined with our improved structural measurements, and favour the scenario in which Leo II is strongly dominated by dark matter with (M/L)_V ~ 100 in solar units.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 392, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00465", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00178", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Equitable Compensation Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds that-- (1) from 1927 to 1931, at the direction of Congress, the Corps of Engineers investigated the Columbia River and its tributaries to determine sites at which power could be produced at low cost; (2) under section 10(e) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 803(e)), when licenses are issued involving tribal land within an Indian reservation, a reasonable annual charge shall be fixed for the use of the land, subject to the approval of the Indian tribe having jurisdiction over the land; (3) in August 1933, the Columbia Basin Commission, an agency of the State of Washington, received a preliminary permit from the Federal Power Commission for water power development at the Grand Coulee site; (4) had the Columbia Basin Commission or a private entity developed the site, the Spokane Tribe would have been entitled to a reasonable annual charge for the use of the land of the Spokane Tribe; (5) in the mid-1930s, the Federal Government, which is not subject to licensing under the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 792 et seq.)-- (A) federalized the Grand Coulee Dam project; and (B) began construction of the Grand Coulee Dam; (6) when the Grand Coulee Dam project was federalized, the Federal Government recognized that-- (A) development of the project affected the interests of the Spokane Tribe and the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation; and (B) it would be appropriate for the Spokane and Colville Tribes to receive a share of revenue from the disposition of power produced at Grand Coulee Dam; (7) in the Act of June 29, 1940 (16 U.S.C. 835d et seq.), Congress-- (A) granted to the United States-- (i) in aid of the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Columbia Basin Project, all the right, title, and interest of the Spokane Tribe and Colville Tribes in and to the tribal and allotted land within the Spokane and Colville Reservations, as designated by the Secretary of the Interior from time to time; and (ii) other interests in that land as required and as designated by the Secretary for certain construction activities undertaken in connection", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00949", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00179", "text": "WASHINGTON (AP) — The Federal Reserve's first meeting under Jerome Powell's leadership will likely end Wednesday with an announcement that the Fed will resume its modest interest rate hikes. But investors will be most attuned to what Powell signals at his first news conference about whether and how he might steer the Fed's policymaking differently from his predecessor, Janet Yellen. Will he, for example, be inclined to step up the pace of Fed rate hikes? Powell hasn't yet tipped his hand. Speaking to Congress last month, the new chairman said his \"personal outlook\" on the economy had strengthened since December, when the Fed's policymakers collectively forecast three rate hikes for 2018, the same as in 2017. That comment helped send stocks tumbling because it suggested that the Fed might be about to accelerate the gradual pace it had pursued under Yellen. More aggressive rate increases would likely slow the economy and make stocks less appealing. Yet when he testified to Congress again two days later, Powell tempered his view: He stressed that the Fed still thinks it has room to maintain a moderate pace of rate hikes, in part to allow Americans' average wages, which have stagnated for years, to pick up. The impression was that he might not favor raising rates faster than Yellen did after all — at least not yet. That said, few doubt that the Fed will announce when its policy meeting concludes that it will resume raising rates, after having most recently done so in December. A healthy job market and a steady if unspectacular economy have given the Fed the confidence to think the economy can withstand further increases within a still historically low range of borrowing rates. The financial markets have been edgy for weeks, and Powell's back-and-forth comments have been only one factor. A sharp rise in wage growth reported in the government's January jobs report triggered fears that higher labor costs would lead to higher inflation and, ultimately, to higher interest rates. Stocks sank on the news. But subsequent reports on wages and inflation have been milder, and the markets appear to have stabilized. The February jobs report pointed to an unusually robust labor market: Employers added 313,000 jobs, the largest monthly gain in 1½ years. The unemployment rate remained at a 17-year low of 4.1 percent. Other measures of the economy, though, have been more sluggish. Consumer spending, the economy's primary fuel, has slowed this year and has led many economists to downgrade their forecasts for growth", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00802", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00180", "text": "for widespread human rights abuses, including killings and the diversion of food supplies resulting in the displacement of thousands of persons.'' (11) In June 2007, in response to this violence, including the deadly April 2007 attacks on a Chinese oil exploration site in the Ogaden and at a May 2007 political rally, the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi, announced that the Government of Ethiopia was launching a ``political and military operation to contain the activities of the ONLF,'' which, according to credible reports, has resulted in the displacement of thousands of civilians to government-designated ``protection zones,'' while thousands more have fled across Ethiopia's borders. (12) Although the Government of Ethiopia has legitimate security concerns in the Ogaden, and, according to the Department of State's 2007 Country Report on Terrorism, ``Ethiopian forces [also] countered Somali-based extremists who attempted to conduct attacks inside Ethiopia,'' a number of credible media accounts, human rights organizations, and humanitarian agencies have documented the ENDF's unjustifiably brutal tactics against its own citizens there, as has been previously been reported in other regions of the country including Oromiya, Amhara, and Gambella. (13) In May 2008, the Government of Ethiopia circulated a draft law that claims to be a tool to enhance the transparency and accountability of civil society organizations, but if enacted, is instead likely to create a complex web of onerous bureaucratic hurdles, draconian criminal penalties, and intrusive powers of surveillance that would further decrease the political space available for civil society activities. SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. It is the policy of the United States-- (1) to support the efforts by the people and Government of Ethiopia-- (A) to achieve a participatory multiparty democracy, an active and unhindered civil society, rule of law and accountability, judicial capacity and independence, freedom of the press, respect for human rights, and economic development; and (B) to combat extremism and terrorism in their country and the region; (2) to promote stability, democracy, accountability, social and economic development, human and political rights, humanitarian assistance, the rule of law and accountability, and counterterrorism efforts in Ethiopia and the wider Horn of Africa; (3) to seek the unconditional release of all political prisoners and prisoners of conscience in Ethiopia; (4) to prohibit United States funding to any unit of the Ethiopian security forces if there is credible", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01009", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00181", "text": "Belle Collaboration has recently observed a new state, the X(4160), in the process of double charm production $e^+e^-\\to J/\\psi+X(4160)$ followed by $X(4160)\\to D^*\\bar{D^*}$. We discuss possible interpretations for the X(4160) based on the NRQCD calculations and the potential model estimates for the charmonium spectrum. We first focus on the D-wave spin-singlet $2^{-+}$ charmonium $^1D_2(2D)$, which is estimated to have a small production rate of about 5% of that for $e^+e^-\\to J/\\psi+\\eta_c(1S)$, and therefore is incompatible with the observed data for X(4160). We then discuss the possibility that the X(4160) is the known $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ charmonium state $\\psi(4160)$, which can be produced via two photon fragmentation, but the production rate is much smaller than observed for $e^+e^-\\to J/\\psi+X(4160)$. In contrast to above two possibilities, the $\\eta_c(4S)$ assignment is a likely one, which is supported by the observed relatively large production rate and non-observation of $D\\bar D$ decay of X(4160), but we have to understand why $\\eta_c(4S)$ has such a low mass, which deserves further studies. The P-wave excited state $\\chi_{c0}(3P)$ is also an interesting candidate, if the observed broad peak around 3.8-3.9 GeV in the recoil mass of $D\\bar D$ against $J/\\psi$ in $e^++e^-\\to J/\\psi+D\\bar D$ is due to the $\\chi_{c0}(2P)$ state. Measurements of production angular distributions will be helpful to distinguish between $\\eta_c(4S)$ and $\\chi_{c0}(3P)$ assignments. Production mechanisms in nonrelativistic QCD are emphasized.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 442, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00399", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00182", "text": "We present a Spitzer based census of the IC 348 nebula and embedded star cluster. Our Spitzer census supplemented by ground based spectra has added 42 class II T-Tauri sources to the cluster membership and identified ~20 class 0/I protostars. The population of IC 348 likely exceeds 400 sources after accounting statistically for unidentified diskless members. Our Spitzer census of IC 348 reveals a population of protostars that is anti-correlated spatially with the T-Tauri members, which comprise the centrally condensed cluster around a B star. The protostars are instead found mostly at the cluster periphery about 1 pc from the B star and spread out along a filamentary ridge. We find that the star formation rate in this protostellar ridge is consistent with that rate which built the exposed cluster while the presence of fifteen cold, starless, millimeter cores intermingled with this protostellar population indicates that the IC 348 nebula has yet to finish forming stars. We show that the IC 348 cluster is of order 3-5 crossing times old, and, as evidenced by its smooth radial profile and confirmed mass segregation, is likely relaxed. While it seems apparent that the current cluster configuration is the result of dynamical evolution and its primordial structure has been erased, our findings support a model where embedded clusters are built up from numerous smaller sub-clusters. Finally, the results of our Spitzer census indicate that the supposition that star formation must progress rapidly in a dark cloud should not preclude these observations that show it can be relatively long lived.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 325, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00002", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00183", "text": "We have constructed a detailed radiative transfer disk model which reproduces the main features of the spectrum of the outbursting young stellar object FU Orionis from ~ 4000 angstrom, to ~ 8 micron. Using an estimated visual extinction Av~1.5, a steady disk model with a central star mass ~0.3 Msun and a mass accretion rate ~ 2e-4 Msun/yr, we can reproduce the spectral energy distribution of FU Ori quite well. With the mid-infrared spectrum obtained by the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we estimate that the outer radius of the hot, rapidly accreting inner disk is ~ 1 AU using disk models truncated at this outer radius. Inclusion of radiation from a cooler irradiated outer disk might reduce the outer limit of the hot inner disk to ~ 0.5 AU. In either case, the radius is inconsistent with a pure thermal instability model for the outburst. Our radiative transfer model implies that the central disk temperature Tc > 1000 K out to ~ 0.5 - 1 AU, suggesting that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) can be supported out to that distance. Assuming that the ~ 100 yr decay timescale in brightness of FU Ori represents the viscous timescale of the hot inner disk, we estimate the viscosity parameter (alpha) to be ~ 0.2 - 0.02 in the outburst state, consistent with numerical simulations of MRI in disks. The radial extent of the high mass accretion region is inconsistent with the model of Bell & Lin, but may be consistent with theories incorporating both gravitational instability and MRI.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 349, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00388", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00184", "text": "Up till now very few dying sources were known, presumably because the dying phase is short at centimeter wavelengths. We therefore have tried to improve the statistics on sources that have ceased to be active, or are intermittently active. The latter sources would partly consist of a fossil radio plasma left over from an earlier phase of activity, plus a recently restarted core and radio jets. Improving the statistics of dying sources will give us a better handle on the evolution of radio sources, in particular the frequency and time scales of radio activity. We have used the WENSS and NVSS surveys, in order to find sources with steep spectral indices, associated with nearby elliptical galaxies. In the cross correlation we presently used only unresolved sources, with flux densities at 1.4 GHz larger than 10 mJy. The eleven candidates thus obtained were observed with the VLA in various configurations, in order to confirm the steepness of the spectra, and to check whether active structures like flat-spectrum cores and jets are present, perhaps at low levels. We estimated the duration of the active and relic phases by modelling the integrated radio spectra using the standard models of spectral evolution. We have found six dying sources and three restarted sources, while the remaining two candidates remain unresolved also with the new VLA data and may be Compact Steep Spectrum sources, with an unusually steep spectrum. The typical age of the active phase, as derived by spectral fits, is in the range 10^7 - 10^8 years. For our sample of dying sources, the age of the relic phase is on average shorter by an order of magnitude than the active phase.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 329, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00168", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00185", "text": "the implications, if any, of those strengths or weaknesses for the rulemaking. SEC. 4. PILOT PROJECT FOR REPORT ON RULES. (a) In General.-- (1) Request for review.--When an agency publishes an economically significant rule, a chairman or ranking member of a committee of jurisdiction of either House of Congress may request the Comptroller General of the United States to review the rule. (2) Report.--The Comptroller General shall submit a report on each economically significant rule selected under paragraph (4) to the committees of jurisdiction in each House of Congress not later than 180 calendar days after a committee request is received, or in the case of a committee request for review of a notice of proposed rulemaking or an interim final rulemaking, by the end of the period for submission of comment regarding the rulemaking, if practicable. The report shall include an independent evaluation of the economically significant rule by the Comptroller General. (3) Independent evaluation.--The independent evaluation of the economically significant rule by the Comptroller General under paragraph (2) shall include-- (A) an evaluation of an agency's analysis of the potential benefits of the rule, including any beneficial effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to receive the benefits; (B) an evaluation of an agency's analysis of the potential costs of the rule, including any adverse effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to bear the costs; (C) an evaluation of an agency's analysis of alternative approaches set forth in the notice of proposed rulemaking and in the rulemaking record, as well as of any regulatory impact analysis, federalism assessment, or other analysis or assessment prepared by the agency or required for the economically significant rule; and (D) a summary of the results of the evaluation of the Comptroller General and the implications of those results. (4) Procedures for priorities of requests.--The Comptroller General shall have discretion to develop procedures for determining the priority and number of requests for review under paragraph (1) for which a report will be submitted under paragraph (2). (b) Authority of Comptroller General.--Each agency shall promptly cooperate with the Comptroller General in carrying out this Act. Nothing in this Act is intended to expand or limit the authority of the General Accounting Office. SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00971", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00186", "text": "We present the results of an interferometric study of the N2H+(1--0) emission from nine nearby, isolated, low-mass protostellar cores, using the OVRO millimeter array. The main goal of this study is the kinematic characterization of the cores in terms of rotation, turbulence, and fragmentation. Eight of the nine objects have compact N2H+ cores with FWHM radii of 1200 -- 3500 AU, spatially coinciding with the thermal dust continuum emission. The only more evolved (Class I) object in the sample (CB 188) shows only faint and extended N2H+ emission. The mean N2H+ line width was found to be 0.37 km/s. Estimated virial masses range from 0.3 to 1.2 M_sun. We find that thermal and turbulent energy support are about equally important in these cores, while rotational support is negligible. The measured velocity gradients across the cores range from 6 to 24 km/s/pc. Assuming these gradients are produced by bulk rotation, we find that the specific angular momenta of the observed Class 0 protostellar cores are intermediate between those of dense (prestellar) molecular cloud cores and the orbital angular momenta of wide PMS binary systems. There appears to be no evolution (decrease) of angular momentum from the smallest prestellar cores via protostellar cores to wide PMS binary systems. In the context that most protostellar cores are assumed to fragment and form binary stars, this means that most of the angular momentum contained in the collapse region is transformed into orbital angular momentum of the resulting stellar binary systems.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 339, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00410", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00187", "text": "Services (CMS) 2009 Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) addresses overall treatment planning or follow-up care planning for cancer patients. SEC. 3. MEDICARE QUALITY CANCER CARE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this section referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall establish a quality cancer care demonstration project under this section (in this section referred to as the ``QCCD project'') for the purpose of establishing quality metrics and aligning Medicare payment incentives in the areas of treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. (b) Test Metrics and Reporting Systems Through a Pay-For-Reporting Incentive Program.--Under the QCCD project, the Secretary shall do the following: (1) Identify and address gaps in current quality measures related to the areas of active treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning by refining the performance measures described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (d) relating to active treatment planning and follow-up cancer planning for clinician-level reporting. (2) Use quality assessment programs of oncology professional societies to report quality data to the extent feasible and explore the potential to report quality data through other registries and other electronic means for treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning, including identifying data elements necessary to measure quality of treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning and determine how those elements could be collected through claims data or registries or other electronic means. (3) Test and validate identified treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning quality measures through a pay- for-reporting program with oncologists, which program-- (A) ensures that oncologists are able to accurately report on measures through simple HCPCS coding mechanisms; and (B) tests processes of submitting treatment planning and follow-up cancer care planning measures through registries or other electronic means. (c) Incentive Payment.-- (1) In general.--Under the QCCD project, the Secretary shall provide for a separate payment under section 1848 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-4), to be divided into a baseline payment amount and an additional payment amount, as specified by the Secretary, for a treatment planning code and follow-up cancer care planning code. The amount of such payments under the project shall be designed to total $300,000,000 each year. Payments under the project shall be designed to", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00885", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00188", "text": "We demonstrate an efficient scheme for continuous trap loading based upon spatially selective optical pumping. We discuss the case of $^{1}$S$_{0}$ calcium atoms in an optical dipole trap (ODT), however, similar strategies should be applicable to a wide range of atomic species. Our starting point is a reservoir of moderately cold ($\\approx 300 \\mu$K) metastable $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms prepared by means of a magneto-optic trap (triplet-MOT). A focused 532 nm laser beam produces a strongly elongated optical potential for $^{1}$S$_{0}$-atoms with up to 350 $\\mu$K well depth. A weak focused laser beam at 430 nm, carefully superimposed upon the ODT beam, selectively pumps the $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms inside the capture volume to the singlet state, where they are confined by the ODT. The triplet-MOT perpetually refills the capture volume with $^{3}$P$_{2}$-atoms thus providing a continuous stream of cold atoms into the ODT at a rate of $10^7 $s$^{-1}$. Limited by evaporation loss, in 200 ms we typically load $5 \\times 10^5$ atoms with an initial radial temperature of 85 $\\mu$K. After terminating the loading we observe evaporation during 50 ms leaving us with $10^5$ atoms at radial temperatures close to 40 $\\mu$K and a peak phase space density of $6.8 \\times 10^{-5}$. We point out that a comparable scheme could be employed to load a dipole trap with $^{3}$P$_{0}$-atoms.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00218", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00189", "text": "Just like the vector bosons in Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories, gravitons can attain mass by spontaneous local symmetry breaking. The question is whether this can happen in a Lorentz-invariant way. We consider the use of four scalar fields that break coordinate reparametrization invariance, by playing the role of preferred flat coordinates x, y, z, and t. In the unbroken representation, the theory has a (negative) cosmological constant, which is tuned to zero by the scalars in the broken phase. Massive spin 2 bosons and a single massive scalar survive. The theory is not renormalizable, so at best it can be viewed as an effective field theory for massive spin 2 particles. One may think of applications in cosmology, but a more tantalizing idea is to apply it to string theory approaches to QCD: if the gluon sector is to be described by a compactified 26 or 10 dimensional bosonic string theory, then the ideas considered here could be used to describe the mechanism that removes a massless or tachyonic scalar and provides mass to the spin 2 glueball states. The delicate problem of removing indefinite metric and/or negative energy states is addressed. The scalar particle has negative metric, so that unitarity demands that only states with an even number of them are allowed. Various ways are considered to adapt the matter section of the theory such that matter only couples to positive metric states, and we succeed in suppressing the main contributions to unitarity-violating amplitudes, but the exact restoration of unitarity in the spinless sector will continue to be a delicate issue in theories of this sort.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 341, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00492", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00190", "text": "by over 1,000 North Korean soldiers who had infiltrated through the front lines without being detected and the 65th Infantry Regiment rallied, attacked, and subsequently destroyed the North Korean force, thereby saving the commanding officer and staff of the 3d Infantry Division from death or capture. (6) For their heroism in battle, the soldiers of the 65th Infantry Division were showered with many accolades but for them perhaps the most significant and meaningful came in the form of a letter from the commander of the United Nations forces in Korea, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur which read in part as follows: ``The Puerto Ricans forming the ranks of the gallant 65th Infantry Division on the battlefields of Korea by valor, determination and a resolute will to victory give daily testament to their invincible loyalty to the United States and the fervor of their devotion to those immutable standards of human relations to which the Americans and the Puerto Ricans are in common dedicated. They are writing a brilliant record of achievement in battle and I am proud indeed to have them in this command. I wish that we might have many more like them.''. SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS. (a) $1 Silver Coins.--In commemoration of all the Puerto Ricans in the 65th Infantry Regiment of the United States Army who fought in the Korean conflict, the Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall mint and issue not more than 60,000 1 dollar coins, which shall-- (1) weigh 26.73 grams; (2) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and (3) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. (b) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code. (c) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered to be numismatic items. SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION. The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under this Act only from stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act. SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS. (a) Design Requirements.-- (1) In general.--The design of the coins minted under this", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00959", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00191", "text": "authentication feature' means any hologram, watermark, certification, symbol, code, image, sequence of numbers or letters, or other physical feature that either individually or in combination with another feature is used by the respective copyright owner to verify that a phonorecord, a copy of a computer program, a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, or documentation or packaging is not counterfeit or otherwise infringing of any copyright; ``(5) the term `documentation or packaging' means documentation or packaging for a phonorecord, copy of a computer program, or copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; and ``(6) the term `illicit authentication feature' means an authentication feature, that-- ``(A) without the authorization of the respective copyright owner has been tampered with or altered so as to facilitate the reproduction or distribution of-- ``(i) a phonorecord; ``(ii) a copy of a computer program; ``(iii) a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; or ``(iv) documentation or packaging; in violation of the rights of the copyright owner under title 17; ``(B) is genuine, but has been distributed, or is intended for distribution, without the authorization of the respective copyright owner; or ``(C) appears to be genuine, but is not.''; (4) in subsection (c)-- (A) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following: ``(3) the counterfeit label or illicit authentication feature is affixed to, is embedded in, or encloses, or is designed to be affixed to, to be embedded in, or to enclose-- ``(A) a phonorecord of a copyrighted sound recording; ``(B) a copy of a copyrighted computer program; ``(C) a copy of a copyrighted motion picture or other audiovisual work; or ``(D) documentation or packaging; or''; and (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``for a computer program''; (5) in subsection (d)-- (A) by inserting ``or illicit authentication features'' after ``counterfeit labels'' each place it appears; (B) by inserting ``or illicit authentication features'' after ``such labels''; and (C) by inserting before the period at the end the following: ``, and of any equipment, device, or materials used to manufacture, reproduce, or assemble the counterfeit labels or illicit authentication features''; and (6) by adding at the end the following", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01097", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00192", "text": "Using deep NIR VLT/ISAAC and optical HST/WFPC2 imaging in the fields of the HDFS and MS1054-03, we study the rest-frame UV-to-optical colors and magnitudes of galaxies to z~3. While there is no evidence for a red sequence at z~3, there does appear to be a well-defined color-magnitude relation (CMR) for blue galaxies at all redshifts, with more luminous galaxies having redder U-V colors. The slope of the blue CMR is independent of redshift d(U-V)/dMV = -0.09 (0.01) and can be explained by a correlation of dust-reddening with luminosity. The average color at fixed luminosity reddens strongly \\Delta(U-V) = 0.75 from z~3 to z=0, much of which can be attributed to aging of the stars. The color scatter of the blue sequence is relatively small sigma(U-V) = 0.25 (0.03) and constant to z~3, but notably asymmetrical with a sharp blue ridge and a wing towards redder colors. We explore sets of star formation histories to study the constraints placed by the shape of the scatter at z=2-3. One particular set of models, episodic star formation, reproduces the detailed properties very well. For a two-state model with high and low star formation, the duty cycle is constrained to be > 40% and the contrast between the states must be a factor > 5 (or a scatter in log(SFR) of > 0.35 dex around the mean). However, episodic models do not explain the observed tail of very red galaxies, primarily Distant Red Galaxies (DRGs), which may have ceased star formation altogether or are more heavily obscured. Finally, the relative number density of red, luminous MV < -20.5 galaxies increases by a factor of ~ 6 from z = 2.7 to z = 0.5, as does their contribution to the total rest-frame V-band luminosity density. We are likely viewing the progressive formation of red, passively evolving galaxies.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 445, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00170", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00193", "text": "We study the evolution of the Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs) emitters across the illuminated edge of the Horsehead nebula and especially their survival and properties in the HII region. We present spectral mapping observations taken with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) at wavelengths 5.2-38 microns. A strong AIB at 11.3 microns is detected in the HII region, relative to the other AIBs at 6.2, 7.7 and 8.6 microns. The intensity of this band appears to be correlated with the intensity of the [NeII] at 12.8 microns and of Halpha, which shows that the emitters of the 11.3 microns band are located in the ionised gas. The survival of PAHs in the HII region could be due to the moderate intensity of the radiation field (G0 about 100) and the lack of photons with energy above about 25eV. The enhancement of the intensity of the 11.3 microns band in the HII region, relative to the other AIBs can be explained by the presence of neutral PAHs. Our observations highlight a transition region between ionised and neutral PAHs observed with ideal conditions in our Galaxy. A scenario where PAHs can survive in HII regions and be significantly neutral could explain the detection of a prominent 11.3 microns band in other Spitzer observations.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 304, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00242", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00194", "text": "percent of high school seniors reported having been drunk by eighth grade, 30 percent by ninth grade, 43 percent by tenth grade, and 60 percent by twelfth grade. Studies demonstrate that the use of alcohol before the age of 15 appears to be one of the predictors of later heavy alcohol and other drug use. (5) According to a national survey on youth and alcohol (Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, 1991), the average binge drinker is a 16 year-old male in the tenth grade who was 12 years old when he took his first drink. (6) Young people are not well informed about the hazards of alcohol use. More than one quarter of high school seniors do not view taking one or two drinks nearly every day as entailing great risk. Approximately 45 percent of eighth graders, 47 percent of tenth graders, and 53 percent of twelfth graders do not perceive having 5 or more drinks once or twice a weekend as entailing a great risk (1995 ``Monitoring the Future'' survey). More than 2.6 million students do not know a person can die from an overdose of alcohol. A projected 259,000 students think that wine coolers or beer cannot get a person drunk, make a person sick, or do as much harm as other alcoholic beverages (Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, 1991). (7) According to Healthy People 2000, the National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives-- (A) nearly one-half of all deaths from motor vehicle crashes are alcohol-related; (B) alcohol is implicated in nearly one-half of all fatal intentional injuries such as suicides and homicides; and (C) victims are intoxicated in approximately one- third of all homicides, drownings, and boating deaths. (8) An estimated 25 percent of all hospitalized persons have alcohol-related problems. (9) Alcohol in combination with other drugs is the leading cause of emergency room drug abuse episodes. (10) In 1995, chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, was the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Of 41,000 deaths attributed to liver disease in the United States, 46 percent diagnostically were associated with alcohol. Heavy alcohol use is considered the most important risk factor for chronic liver disease. Even among liver disease deaths not coded as alcohol-related, approximately 50 percent are thought to", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00869", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00195", "text": "2006 Cup-winner Cam Ward of the Carolina Hurricanes acknowledged he still uses the old VH style because he's more comfortable in it. Ward looks at Tuukka Rask of the Boston Bruins as someone who can push side-to-side with power out of the Reverse VH, and Goldman called 2013 Vezina winner Sergei Bobrovsky of the Columbus Blue Jackets the \"posterchild\" for doing it right. \"It's a tough position to get fully square, but when the puck's behind the net it gives you good coverage for pass outs and things like that,\" Philadelphia goaltender Steven Mason said. \"It's complicated, but I think sometimes it can be overused.\" Flyers teammate Jakub Voracek said he just shoots \"wherever it's open,\" but that's often the short side nowadays. When the best shooters can anticipate a goalie going down early and putting the puck where he isn't, Goldman said it's so difficult to get back up that the key is being patient and staying upright longer. \"The problem is because goalies rely on this stance so often, they're dropping down into it before the puck is actually off the shooter's stick,\" Goldman said. \"You want the shooter to make the first move. You want to hold your feet. You want to keep yourself as patient as possible so you read what the shooter does first and then you react.\" Easier said than done, perhaps, even for the best in the game. A lot has changed since Boucher set the consecutive shutout record in 2003, and he doesn't even know if he'd be able to perfect the Reverse VH and deal with the expectations of goaltenders today. \"You've got to be in position to make the second and third saves because at the end of the day it's about keeping the puck out of the net,\" Boucher said. \"Whether it's your fault or it's not your fault, if you don't keep it out of the net you're going to have a tough time winning games and you're going to have a tough time having a job.\" MUSICAL COACHES Michel Therrien became the fifth coach fired this season when the Montreal Canadiens canned him Tuesday and replaced him with Claude Julien, who was fired by Boston last week. Julien took five more days to get a new job than Bruce Boudreau did when fired by Washington on a November Monday in 2011 and joining the Anaheim Ducks on Wednesday. MILE", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00771", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00196", "text": "We here report on the multiwavelength study which led us to the identification of X-ray source IGR J16194-2810 as a new Symbiotic X-ray Binary (SyXB), that is, a rare type of Low Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) composed of a M-type giant and a compact object. Using the accurate X-ray position allowed by Swift/XRT data, we pinpointed the optical counterpart, a M2 III star. Besides, the combined use of the spectral information afforded by XRT and INTEGRAL/IBIS shows that the 0.5-200 keV spectrum of this source can be described with an absorbed Comptonization model, usually found in LMXBs and, in particular, in SyXBs. No long-term (days to months) periodicities are detected in the IBIS data. The time coverage afforded by XRT reveals shot-noise variability typical of accreting Galactic X-ray sources, but is not good enough to explore the presence of X-ray short-term (seconds to hours) oscillations in detail. By using the above information, we infer important parameters for this source such as its distance (about 3.7 kpc) and X-ray luminosity (about 1.4e35 erg/s in the 0.5-200 keV band), and we give a description for this system (typical of SyXBs) in which a compact object (possibly a neutron star) accretes from the wind of its M-type giant companion. We also draw some comparisons between IGR J16194-2810 and other sources belonging to this subclass, finding that this object resembles SyXBs 4U 1700+24 and 4U 1954+31.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 360, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00095", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00197", "text": "GEMS and GOODS fields were examined to z~1.4 for galaxy interactions and mergers. The basic morphologies are familiar: antennae with long tidal tails, tidal dwarfs, and merged cores; M51-type galaxies with disk spirals and tidal arm companions; early-type galaxies with diffuse plumes; equal-mass grazing-collisions; and thick J-shaped tails beaded with star formation and double cores. One type is not common locally and is apparently a loose assemblage of smaller galaxies. Photometric measurements were made of the tails and clumps, and physical sizes were determined assuming photometric redshifts. Antennae tails are a factor of ~3 smaller in GEMS and GOODS systems compared to local antennae; their disks are a factor of ~2 smaller than locally. Collisions among early type galaxies generally show no fine structure in their tails, indicating that stellar debris is usually not unstable. One exception has a 5x10**9 Msun smooth red clump that could be a pure stellar condensation. Most tidal dwarfs are blue and probably form by gravitational instabilities in the gas. One tidal dwarf looks like it existed previously and was incorporated into the arm tip by tidal forces. The star-forming regions in tidal arms are 10 to 1000 times more massive than star complexes in local galaxies, although their separations are about the same. If they all form by gravitational instabilities, then the gaseous velocity dispersions in interacting galaxies have to be larger than in local galaxies by a factor of ~5 or more; the gas column densities have to be larger by the square of this factor.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00015", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00198", "text": "is administered by the Department of Justice; ``(B) allows States and units of local government to enter information into the Registry about samples of sexual assault evidence that are in the possession of such States or units of local government and are awaiting testing; and ``(C) tracks the testing and processing of such samples. ``(2) Information in registry.-- ``(A) In general.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information into the Registry about a sample of sexual assault evidence shall include the following information: ``(i) The date of the sexual assault to which the sample relates. ``(ii) The city, county, or other appropriate locality where the sexual assault occurred. ``(iii) The date on which the sample was collected. ``(iv) The date on which information about the sample was entered into the Registry. ``(v) The status of the progression of the sample through testing and other stages of the evidentiary handling process, limited to the following information: ``(I) The identity of the entity in possession of the sample of untested sexual assault evidence by the State or unit of local government. ``(II) The identification of the sample of untested sexual assault evidence by the State or unit of local government. ``(III) The submission of the sample of untested sexual assault evidence to a laboratory for analysis, or the decision of the State or unit of local government to indefinitely refrain from submitting the sample. ``(IV) The completion of the analysis of the sample of untested sexual assault evidence, or the decision of the State or unit of local government to indefinitely refrain from analyzing the sample of untested sexual assault evidence. ``(vi) The date or dates after which the State or unit of local government would be barred by any applicable statutes of limitations from prosecuting a perpetrator of the sexual assault for the sexual assault. ``(B) Personally identifiable information.--The Attorney General shall ensure that the Registry does not include personally identifiable information or details about a sexual assault that might lead to the identification of the individuals involved, except the information listed in subparagraph (A). ``(3) Sample identification number.-- ``(A) In general.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information about a sample of sexual assault evidence into the Registry shall assign to the sample a unique numeric or alphanumeric identifier. ``(B) Unique identifier required.--In assigning the identifier under subparagraph (A), a State or unit of local government may use a case-numbering system used for other purposes, but the Attorney General shall ensure", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00856", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00199", "text": "Table object's name in the Table Name control to the left of the ribbon, as shown in Figure G. (It's often easier to work with a more meaningful name than the one Excel assigns. To rename the Table, click inside the Table Name control, enter a name and press Enter. We won't bother with this example.) Figure G Discern the Table object's name. Now you're ready to assign a defined name to the Table as follows: Click anywhere inside the Table. Click the Formulas tab. In the Defined Names group, click Define Name. In the resulting dialog, enter ProjectList as the Name. Reference the Table using the format =Tablename[Columnheader]. In this case, that's =Table10[Projects], as shown in Figure H. Click OK. Figure H Give the Table a defined name. It seems like you've gone to lot of extra work to create a simple list, but it's worth it. Because the list is a Table object, you can add and delete projects and the data validation control that we'll add later will automatically update, without any extra work on your part. SEE: 10 Excel time-savers you might not know about (TechRepublic) 6. Add category input range With your projects list in place you're ready to start building the work-hour input ranges. Beginning at A7, and using Figure I as a guide, add a row of header labels and category labels. Be sure to leave a blank row (row 6) between the information input range and the category input range. The white space will help reduce the visual noise. Figure I Leave a blank row between the category Table and the dates. Next, using the instructions in step 5, convert the category input range (A7:H12) to a Table object. It isn't necessary, but formatting and updating will be easier. (Your formats won't match the figure, so don't worry about that.) With the category Table object selected, click the contextual Design tab and check the Total Row option in the Table Style Options group. Select Sum from the dropdown added to B13. Copy that function to C13:H13. Figure I shows the finished category Table input range. By making the range a Table, you can easily add or delete new categories, but each category requires only one row per pay period. You can add a new or delete an existing category, but you won't duplicate a category. 7. Add project", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00553", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00200", "text": "\"How do you reconcile public safety and the First Amendment?\" That's the question Charlottesville, Va., Mayor Mike Signer asked in an interview on Sunday. And it's a question city and state governments are likely grappling with after the weekend's violence in Charlottesville. Around the country, white nationalists and other groups have protested efforts to remove statues and other symbols of the Confederacy. As counter-demonstrators arrive to protest the white nationalists, the resulting scenes are often tense and brimming with the potential for violence. State and local officials prepared for Saturday's protests in Charlottesville, which were known about for months. But in the wake of fierce brawling in the streets of the usually quiet college town, and then a driver plowing his car into a crowd of pedestrians, killing one and injuring 19, many are asking what Charlottesville authorities could have done differently—and what could be done to prevent such violence in the future. City Permitting and Free Speech Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe told NPR's Morning Edition that local authorities had done what they could to head off the fighting that erupted, but that they were foiled by a federal judge's decision to allow the Unite The Right rally to go on in Charlottesville's Emancipation Park. Charlottesville tried to revoke the permit it had issued for the rally to be held in Emancipation Park, in order to move the protestors about a mile away to McIntire Park, which offered more open space. \"That was the place it should have been. We were unfortunately sued by the ACLU and the judge ruled against us,\" McAuliffe said. \"That rally should not have been in the middle of downtown... where [people] dispersed all over the city streets, and it became a powder keg. We've got to look at these permits, and we've got to look at where we put these rallies and protesters.\" The ACLU responded that the injunction was the city's fault because it mounted a weak legal case. \"The Governor's anger about what happened is understandable,\" ACLU Virginia Executive Director Claire Guthrie Hastings said in a statement to NPR. \"We are angry, too. The situation that occurred was preventable, and our lawsuit challenging the City to act constitutionally did not cause it.... All we did was ask the City to live up to the requirements of the Constitution. That it failed to do so is on the City, not us.\" Charlottesville Police Tactics Scrutinized Also under scrutiny was the action – or inaction –", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00667", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00201", "text": ", order, subpoena, or other directive will likely result in-- ``(1) endangering the life or physical safety of an individual; ``(2) flight from prosecution; ``(3) destruction of or tampering with evidence; ``(4) intimidation of potential witnesses; or ``(5) otherwise seriously jeopardizing an investigation or unduly delaying a trial. ``(c) Extension.--Upon request by a governmental entity, a court may grant one or more extensions, for periods of up to 180 days each, of an order granted in accordance with subsection (b).''. SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act shall be construed to preclude the acquisition by the United States Government of-- (1) the contents of a wire or electronic communication pursuant to other lawful authorities, including the authorities under chapter 119 of title 18 (commonly known as the ``Wiretap Act''), the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), or any other provision of Federal law not specifically amended by this Act; or (2) records or other information relating to a subscriber or customer of any electronic communication service or remote computing service (not including the content of such communications) pursuant to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), chapter 119 of title 18 (commonly known as the ``Wiretap Act''), or any other provision of Federal law not specifically amended by this Act.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 312, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01164", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00202", "text": "or both. ``(d)(1) As used in this section-- ``(A) the term `course of conduct' means a series of acts over a period of time, however short, indicating a continuity of purpose; ``(B) the term `harassment' means a serious act or course of conduct directed at a specific person that-- ``(i) causes substantial emotional distress in such person; and ``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose; ``(C) the term `immediate family member' has the meaning given that term in section 115 and includes grandchildren; ``(D) the term `intimidation' means a serious act or course of conduct directed at a specific person that-- ``(i) causes fear or apprehension in such person; and ``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose; ``(E) the term `restricted personal information' has the meaning given that term in section 119; ``(F) the term `serious act' means a single act of threatening, retaliatory, harassing, or violent conduct that is reasonably likely to influence the willingness of a victim or witness to testify or participate in a Federal criminal case or investigation; and ``(G) the term `specific person' means a victim or witness in a Federal criminal case or investigation, and includes an immediate family member of such a victim or witness. ``(2) For purposes of subparagraphs (B)(ii) and (D)(ii) of paragraph (1), a court shall presume, subject to rebuttal by the person, that the distribution or publication using the Internet of a photograph of, or restricted personal information regarding, a specific person serves no legitimate purpose, unless that use is authorized by that specific person, is for news reporting purposes, is designed to locate that specific person (who has been reported to law enforcement as a missing person), or is part of a government-authorized effort to locate a fugitive or person of interest in a criminal, antiterrorism, or national security investigation.''. (b) Sentencing Guidelines.--Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this section, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and, if appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements to ensure-- (1) that the guidelines provide an additional penalty increase above the sentence otherwise applicable in Part J of Chapter 2 of the Guidelines Manual if the defendant was convicted of a violation of section 1591 of title 18", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00930", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00203", "text": ", or agent of the entity to a governmental entity, if the wire or electronic communication is stored, held, or maintained on an electronic communications system owned, operated, or controlled by the person or entity; or ``(3) require a person or entity that provides a remote computing service or electronic communication service to disclose a wire or electronic communication (including the contents of that communication) that advertises or promotes a product or service and that has been made readily accessible to the general public. ``(j) Rule of Construction Related to Congressional Subpoenas.-- Nothing in this section or in section 2702 shall limit the power of inquiry vested in the Congress by article I of the Constitution of the United States, including the authority to compel the production of a wire or electronic communication (including the contents of a wire or electronic communication) that is stored, held, or maintained by a person or entity that provides remote computing service or electronic communication service.''. SEC. 4. DELAYED NOTICE. Section 2705 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: ``Sec. 2705. Delayed notice ``(a) In General.--A governmental entity acting under section 2703 may apply to a court for an order directing a provider of electronic communication service or remote computing service to which a warrant, order, subpoena, or other directive under section 2703 is directed not to notify any other person of the existence of the warrant, order, subpoena, or other directive. ``(b) Determination.--A court shall grant a request for an order made under subsection (a) for delayed notification of up to 180 days if the court determines that there is reason to believe that notification of the existence of the warrant, order, subpoena, or other directive will likely result in-- ``(1) endangering the life or physical safety of an individual; ``(2) flight from prosecution; ``(3) destruction of or tampering with evidence; ``(4) intimidation of potential witnesses; or ``(5) otherwise seriously jeopardizing an investigation or unduly delaying a trial. ``(c) Extension.--Upon request by a governmental entity, a court may grant one or more extensions, for periods of up to 180 days each, of an order granted in accordance with subsection (b).''. SEC. 5. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act shall be construed to preclude the acquisition by the United States Government of-- (", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01163", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00204", "text": "use of automated train control technology that is available on that date. (2) Regulations to cover practicability of satellite-based train control systems.-- (A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), if upon completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines that the installation of an effective satellite-based train control system referred to in subsection (a) could be accomplished practicably by January 1, 2001, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall promulgate regulations to require, as soon as practicable after the date of promulgation of the regulations, the use of automated train control technology that is available on that date. (B) Waivers.--If the appropriate official of a railroad system establishes, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, and in a manner specified by the Secretary, that the railroad system will have in operation a satellite-based train control system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall issue a waiver for that railroad system to waive the application of the regulations promulgated under subparagraph (A) for that railroad system, subject to terms and conditions established by the Secretary. (3) Conditions.--In promulgating regulations under this subsection, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, shall provide for any exceptions or conditions that the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, determines to be necessary. (4) Monitoring.-- (A) In general.--If the Secretary issues a waiver for a railroad system under paragraph (2)(B), the railroad system shall, during the period that the waiver is in effect, provide such information to the Secretary as the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, determines to be necessary to monitor the compliance of the railroad system with the conditions of the waiver, including information concerning the progress of the railroad system in achieving an operational satellite-based train control system. (B) Revocation of waivers.--If, at any time during the period that a waiver issued under paragraph (2)(B) is in effect, the Secretary determines that the railroad system issued the waiver is not meeting the terms or conditions of the waiver, or is not likely to have in operation a satellite-based train control system by January 1, 2001, the Secretary shall revoke the waiver. SEC. 5. AUTOMATIC TRAIN ESCAPE DEVICE STUDY. (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00876", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00205", "text": "other benefit provided or reasonably likely to be provided in the future to or on behalf of a claimant, as a result of an injury or wrongful death, pursuant to-- (A) any State or Federal health, sickness, income- disability, accident or workers' compensation Act; (B) any health, sickness, income-disability, or accident insurance that provides health benefits or income-disability coverage; (C) any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership, or corporation to provide, pay for, or reimburse the cost of medical, hospital, dental, or income disability benefits; and (D) any other publicly or privately funded program. (6) Drug.--The term ``drug'' has the meaning given such term in section 201(g)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(g)(1)). (7) Economic damages.--The term ``economic damages'' means ojectively verifiable monetary losses incurred as a result of the provision of, use of, or payment for (or failure to provide, use, or pay for) health care services or medical products such as past and future medical expenses, loss of past and future earnings, cost of obtaining domestic services, loss of employment, loss due to death, burial costs, and loss of business or employment opportunities. (8) Harm.--The term ``harm'' means any legally cognizable wrong or injury for which punitive damages may be imposed. (9) Health benefit plan.--The term ``health benefit plan'' means-- (A) a hospital or medical expense incurred policy or certificate, (B) a hospital or medical service plan contract, (C) a health maintenance subscriber contract, or (D) a MedicarePlus product (offered under part C of title XVIII of the Social Security Act), that provides benefits with respect to health care services. (10) Health care liability action.--The term ``health care liability action'' means a civil action brought in a State or Federal court or pursuant to alternative dispute resolution against a health care provider, an entity which is obligated to provide or pay for health benefits under any health benefit plan (including any person or entity acting under a contract or arrangement to provide or administer any health benefit), or the manufacturer, distributor, supplier, marketer, promoter, or seller of a medical product, in which the claimant alleges a claim (including third party claims, cross claims, counter claims, or distribution claims", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00924", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00206", "text": "DETROIT (AP) — Alondra Alvarez lives about five minutes from her high school on Detroit's southwest side but she drives there instead of walking because her mother fears for her safety. Once the 18-year-old enters the building, her surroundings take on a more secure feel almost immediately as she passes through a bank of closely monitored metal detectors. \"My mom has never been comfortable with me walking to school. My mom is really scared of street thugs,\" said Alvarez, who attends Western International. As schools around the U.S. look for ways to impose tougher security measures in the wake of last month's school shooting in Parkland, Florida, that left 17 people dead, they don't have to look further than urban districts such as Detroit, Chicago, Los Angeles and New York that installed metal detectors and other security in the 1980s and 1990s to combat gang and drug violence. Security experts believe these measures have made urban districts less prone to mass shootings, which have mostly occurred in suburban and rural districts. Officials in some suburban and rural school districts are now considering detectors as they rethink their security plans after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, where 19-year-old former student Nikolas Cruz allegedly brought in a duffel bag containing an assault rifle and opened fire. He's charged with 17 counts of first-degree murder and 17 counts of attempted murder. The massacre has galvanized thousands of students around the country who walked out of their classrooms for 17 minutes — one for each Parkland victim — on March 14 to protest gun violence. \"I think urban schools are eons ahead. They've been dealing with violence a lot longer than suburban schools,\" said Philip Smith, president of the National African American Gun Association. During the mid-1980s, Detroit was one of the first districts in the nation to put permanent, walk-through metal detectors in high schools and middle schools. New York schools also had them in some buildings. By 1992, metal detectors had been installed in a few dozen Chicago high schools. And in 1993, under pressure to make schools safer, Los Angeles' district announced that it would randomly search students with metal detectors. Such measures \"are designed to identify and hopefully deter anybody from bringing a weapon to school, but metal detectors alone portray an illusion of being safe,\" said Nikolai Vitti, superintendent of the 50,000-student Detroit Public Schools Community District. \"Our", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00827", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00207", "text": "Time dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems has long been an elusive subject. Very recently, however, meaningful experimental studies of the problem have finally become possible, stimulating theoretical interest as well. Progress in this field is perhaps most urgently needed in the foundations of quantum statistical mechanics. This is so because in generic isolated systems, one expects nonequilibrium dynamics on its own to result in thermalization: a relaxation to states where the values of macroscopic quantities are stationary, universal with respect to widely differing initial conditions, and predictable through the time-tested recipe of statistical mechanics. However, it is not obvious what feature of many-body quantum mechanics makes quantum thermalization possible, in a sense analogous to that in which dynamical chaos makes classical thermalization possible. For example, dynamical chaos itself cannot occur in an isolated quantum system, where time evolution is linear and the spectrum is discrete. Underscoring that new rules could apply in this case, some recent studies even suggested that statistical mechanics may give wrong predictions for the outcomes of relaxation in such systems. Here we demonstrate that an isolated generic quantum many-body system does in fact relax to a state well-described by the standard statistical mechanical prescription. Moreover, we show that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation and that thermalization happens instead at the level of individual eigenstates, as first proposed by J.M. Deutsch and M. Srednicki. A striking consequence of this eigenstate thermalization scenario is that the knowledge of a single many-body eigenstate suffices to compute thermal averages-any eigenstate in the microcanonical energy window will do, as they all give the same result.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00453", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00208", "text": "We have conducted a high-resolution ``3D'' imaging survey of the CO(1--0), HCN(1--0), and HCO$^+$(1--0) lines toward the central a few kpc regions of the Seyfert and starburst galaxies in the local universe using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array. We detected luminous HCN(1--0) emissions toward a considerable fraction of these Seyfert galaxies (10 of 12 in our sub-sample), which indicated that some of these Seyfert galaxies, such as NGC 3079, NGC 3227, NGC 4051, NGC 6764, and NGC 7479, are indeed accompanied with compact nuclear starburst, given the tight correlation between the HCN(1--0) luminosity and the star formation rate among star-forming galaxies. However, we suggest that the elevated HCN(1--0) emission from some of these Seyfert galaxies, including NGC 1068, NGC 1097, NGC 5033, and NGC 5194, does not signify the presence of massive starbursts there. This is because these Seyfert nuclei show abnormally high HCN(1--0)/HCO$^+$(1--0) ratios (2--3), which were never observed in the starburst nuclei in our sample. This could be attributed to the overabundance of HCN molecules in the X-ray dominated regions (XDRs) at the centers of these Seyfert galaxies.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 315, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00077", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00209", "text": "between 2011 and 2013; (12) the funding level for the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program has remained consistent since 2012, but this amount represents a 20-percent decrease from 2011 funding levels; (13) additional private sector support for breast cancer research will help find cures for breast cancer even faster; (14) it is estimated that, in the United States, 231,840 women will be diagnosed with, and 40,290 women will die of, breast cancer in 2015; (15) on average, every 13 minutes a woman dies of breast cancer in the United States; (16) due to disease type and lack of adequate care, African-American women have the highest death rates of all racial and ethnic groups overall and are at least 44-percent more likely to die of breast cancer than women of other racial and ethnic groups; (17) breast cancer used to be considered a disease of aging but recent trends show that more aggressive forms of the disease have been increasingly diagnosed in younger women; (18) breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among nearly every racial and ethnic group, including African- American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latina women; (19) clinical advances resulting from research have led to increased survival rates from breast cancer; (20) since 1990, death rates from breast cancer have dropped more than 34 percent; (21) it is estimated that there will be 2,350 new cases of invasive breast cancer and 440 breast cancer deaths among men in the United States in 2015; (22) at this time there are more than 3,100,000 breast cancer survivors in the United States; (23) it is estimated that breast cancer costs $12,500,000,000 in lost productivity; (24) the losses of productivity due to breast cancer will increase with the projected growth rate and aging of the population of the United States if cancer mortality rates stay constant in the future; (25) there is a better chance of survival, and there are more treatment options available, with early stage detection through mammograms and clinical breast exams; (26) breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 1,700,000 new cases of breast cancer among women worldwide in 2012; (27) the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (hereafter in this Act referred to", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00895", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00210", "text": "State or unit of local government would be barred by any applicable statutes of limitations from prosecuting a perpetrator of the sexual assault for the sexual assault. (G) Such other information as the Attorney General considers appropriate. (2) Personally identifiable information.--The Attorney General shall ensure that the Registry does not include personally identifiable information or details about a sexual assault that might lead to the identification of the individuals involved, except the information listed in paragraph (1). (c) Sample Identification Number.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information about a sample of sexual assault evidence into the Registry shall assign to the sample a unique numeric or alphanumeric identifier. In assigning the identifier, a State or unit of local government may use a case-numbering system used for other purposes, but the Attorney General shall ensure that the identifier assigned to each sample is unique with respect to all samples entered by all States and units of local government. (d) Update of Information.--A State or unit of local government that chooses to enter information about a sample of sexual assault evidence into the Registry shall, not later than 30 days after a change in the status of the sample referred to in subsection (b)(1)(E), update such status. (e) Internet Access.--The Attorney General shall make the Registry accessible to the public on an appropriate Internet website. (f) Technical Assistance.--The Attorney General shall-- (1) provide a means by which an entity that does not have access to the Internet may enter information into the Registry; and (2) provide the technical assistance necessary to allow States and units of local government to participate in the Registry. (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2011 through 2014. SEC. 4. REPORT ON BEST PRACTICES FOR TESTING AND USE OF DNA EVIDENCE. (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall develop and disseminate to law enforcement agencies and other appropriate entities a report on best practices for the testing and use of DNA evidence collected as part of the criminal investigation of sexual assault cases. In developing the best practices, the Attorney General shall take into account that sexual assault perpetrators are often habitual offenders, may commit many acts of sexual violence against both strangers and victims known to them, and may commit other violent crimes and crimes against property. (b", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01124", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00211", "text": "The cluster Praesepe (age 650 Myr) is an ideal laboratory to study stellar evolution. Specifically, it allows us to trace the long-term decline of rotation and activity on the main-sequence. Here we present rotation periods measured for five stars in Praesepe with masses of 0.1-0.5Ms -- the first rotation periods for members of this cluster. Photometric periodicities were found from two extensive monitoring campaigns, and are confirmed by multiple independent test procedures. We attribute these variations to magnetic spots co-rotating with the objects, thus indicating the rotation period. The five periods, ranging from 5 to 84h, show a clear positive correlation with object mass, a trend which has been reported previously in younger clusters. When comparing with data for F-K stars in the coeval Hyades, we find a dramatic drop in the periods at spectral type K8-M2 (corresponding to 0.4-0.6Ms). A comparison with periods of VLM stars in younger clusters provides a constraint on the spin-down timescale: We find that the exponential rotational braking timescale is clearly longer than 200 Myr, most likely 400-800 Myr. These results are not affected by the small sample size in the rotation periods. Both findings, the steep drop in the period-mass relation and the long spin-down timescale, indicate a substantial change in the angular momentum loss mechanism for very low mass objects, possibly the breakdown of the solar-type (Skumanich) rotational braking. While the physical origin for this behaviour is unclear, we argue that parts of it might be explained by the disappearance of the radiative core and the resulting breakdown of an interface-type dynamo in the VLM regime. Rotational studies in this mass range hold great potential to probe magnetic properties and interior structure of main-sequence stars.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 378, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00473", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00212", "text": "(D) guidelines that, before a Blue Alert is issued and with respect to a law enforcement officer who is seriously injured or killed in the line of duty-- (i) the law enforcement agency involved confirms the death, injury, or attack on of the law enforcement officer; (ii) there is an indication of serious injury to or death of the law enforcement officer; (iii) the suspect involved has not been apprehended; and (iv) there is sufficient descriptive information of the suspect involved and any relevant vehicle and tag numbers; (E) guidelines-- (i) that information related to a law enforcement officer who is seriously injured or killed in the line of duty would be provided to the National Crime Information Center database operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation pursuant to section 534 of title 28, United States Code, and any relevant crime information repository of the State involved; (ii) that a Blue Alert would be, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies) limited to the geographic areas most likely to facilitate the apprehension of the suspect involved or which such suspect could reasonably reach, but not limited to State lines; (iii) for State law enforcement agencies to develop plans to communicate information to neighboring States to provide for seamless communication of Blue Alert; and (iv) providing that a Blue Alert will be suspended when the suspect involved is apprehended or when the law enforcement agency involved determines that the Blue Alert is no longer effective; and (F) guidelines for-- (i) the issuance of alerts through the Blue Alert communications network; and (ii) the extent of the dissemination of alerts issued through the network; (3) develop proposed protocols for efforts to apprehend suspects, including protocols that are needed from the time of the initial notification of a law enforcement agency that a suspect has not been apprehended through the time of apprehension of a suspect or when the law enforcement agency involved determines that the Blue Alert is no longer effective, including-- (A) public safety communications; (B) command center operations; and (C) incident review, evaluation, debriefing, and public information procedures; (4) work with States to ensure appropriate regional coordination of various elements of the network; (5) establish an advisory group to assist States, units of local government, law enforcement agencies, and other entities involved in the Blue Alert communications network with initiating, facilitating, and promoting Blue Alert plans, which shall include-- (", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00961", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00213", "text": "We propose a model for magnetic noise based on spin-flips (not electron-trapping) of paramagnetic dangling-bonds at the amorphous-semiconductor/oxide interface. A wide distribution of spin-flip times is derived from the single-phonon cross-relaxation mechanism for a dangling-bond interacting with the tunneling two-level systems of the amorphous interface. The temperature and frequency dependence is sensitive to three energy scales: The dangling-bond spin Zeeman energy delta, as well as the minimum (E_min) and maximum (E_max) values for the energy splittings of the tunneling two-level systems. We compare and fit our model parameters to a recent experiment probing spin coherence of antimony donors implanted in nuclear-spin-free silicon [T. Schenkel {\\it et al.}, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 112101 (2006)], and conclude that a dangling-bond area density of the order of 10^{14}cm^{-2} is consistent with the data. This enables the prediction of single spin qubit coherence times as a function of the distance from the interface and the dangling-bond area density in a real device structure. We apply our theory to calculations of magnetic flux noise affecting SQUID devices due to their Si/SiO_2 substrate. Our explicit estimates of flux noise in SQUIDs lead to a noise spectral density of the order of 10^{-12}Phi_{0}^{2} {Hz}^{-1} at f=1Hz. This value might explain the origin of flux noise in some SQUID devices. Finally, we consider the suppression of these effects using surface passivation with hydrogen, and the residual nuclear-spin noise resulting from a perfect silicon-hydride surface.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 359, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00187", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00214", "text": "(C) is addressed to a qualified individual. (3) Mail described.--Mail described in this paragraph is-- (A) any first-class mail (including any sound- or video-recorded communication) not exceeding 13 ounces in weight and having the character of personal correspondence; and (B) parcel post not exceeding 15 pounds in weight. (4) Limitations.-- (A) Number.--An individual shall be eligible for 1 voucher for each month in which such individual is a qualified individual. (B) Use.--Any such voucher may not be used-- (i) for more than a single qualified mailing; or (ii) the expiration date of such voucher, as designated by the Secretary of Defense. (5) Coordination rule.--Postal benefits under this Act shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any reduced rates of postage or other similar benefits which might otherwise be available by or under law, including any rates of postage resulting from the application of section 3401(b) of title 39, United States Code. (d) Regulations.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense (in consultation with the Postal Service) shall prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this Act, including-- (1) procedures by which vouchers will be provided or made available in timely manner to persons duly identified by qualified individuals to receive those vouchers; and (2) procedures to ensure that the number of vouchers provided or made available with respect to any qualified individual complies with subsection (c)(4)(A). SEC. 3. FUNDING. (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Defense, for fiscal years 2012 through 2017, a sum determined by the Department of Defense to be equal to the expenses incurred by the Department in providing the benefits described in subsection (b)(3) for such fiscal years. Such sum shall be derived from amounts appropriated in each such fiscal for the Operation and Maintenance, Defense-wide, for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and shall not to exceed $75 million for the total period beginning with fiscal year 2012 and ending with fiscal year 2017. (b) Transfers to Postal Service.-- (1) Based on estimates.--The Department of Defense shall transfer to the Postal Service, out of any amount so appropriated and in advance of each calendar quarter during which postal benefits under this Act may be", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01085", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00215", "text": "We report the detection of CO(3-2) emission from a bright, gravitationally lensed Lyman Break Galaxy, LBGJ213512.73-010143 (the 'Cosmic Eye'), at z=3.07 using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. This is only the second detection of molecular gas emission from an LBG and yields an intrinsic molecular gas mass of (2.4+/-0.4)x10^9 Mo. The lens reconstruction of the UV morphology of the LBG indicates that it comprises two components separated by ~2 kpc. The CO emission is unresolved, and appears to be centered on the intrinsically fainter (and also less highly magnified) of the two UV components. The width of the CO line indicates a dynamical mass of (8+/-2)x10^9csc(i)^2 Mo within the central 2 kpc. Employing mid-infrared observations from Spitzer we derive a stellar mass of ~(6+/-2)x10^9 Mo and a star-formation rate of ~60 Mo/yr, indicating that the molecular gas will be consumed in ~40 Myr. The gas fractions, star-formation efficiencies and line widths suggests that LBGJ213512 is a high-redshift, gas-rich analog of a local luminous infrared galaxy. This galaxy has a similar gas-to-dynamical mass fraction as observed in the submillimeter-selected population, although the gas surface density and star-formation efficiency is a factor of 3x less, suggesting less vigorous activity. We discuss the uncertainties in our conclusions arising from adopting a CO-to-H2 conversion factor appropriate for either the Milky Way or local luminous infrared galaxies. These observations demonstrate that current facilities, when aided by fortuitous gravitational magnification, can study 'ordinary' galaxies at high-redshift and so act as pathfinders for ALMA.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 389, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00143", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00216", "text": "We used the ESO VLT-FORS2 facility to collect low-resolution spectra of 51 targets distributed along the Horizontal Branch. We determined atmospheric parameters by comparison with theoretical models through standard fitting routines, and masses by basic equations. Results are in general in good agreement with previous works, although not always with theoretical expectations for cooler stars (Teff<15000 K). The calculated color excess is systematically lower than literature values, pointing towards a possible underestimation of effective temperatures. Moreover, we find two groups of stars at Teff=14000 K and at Teff=27000$ K that present anomalies with respect to the general trend and expectations. We suppose that the three peculiar bright stars at Teff=14000 K are probably affected by an enhanced stellar wind. For the eight Extreme Horizontal Branch stars at Teff=27000 K which show unusually high masses we find no plausible explanation. While most of our results agree well with the predictions of standard horizontal branch evolution, we still have problems with the low masses we derive in certain temperature ranges. We believe that Kurucz ATLAS9 LTE model atmospheres with solar-scaled abundances are probably inadequate for these temperature ranges. Concerning the group of anomalous stars at Teff=27000 K, a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicates that there is only an 8.4% probability that these stars are randomly drawn from the general distribution in the color-magnitude diagram. This is not conclusive but points out that these stars could be both (and independently) spectroscopically and photometrically peculiar with respect to the general Extreme Horizontal Branch population.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 329, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00459", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00217", "text": "given CBS analysts data points to explain some of the most important plays in the game. AWS is also working with the NFL's other broadcast partners to bring similar capabilities next season. Some of the Next Gen Stats that analysts now have access to include, for example: Real-time location data on all of the players Player speed and acceleration Total running distance for each player for the entire game The amount of separation that receivers get from their defenders The pressure rate that defenses have on quarterbacks Percentage of quarterback throws into tight windows Announcers such as former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo—a new color commentator at CBS this season—have embraced the data and used it to help give viewers an inside look at why some of the plays on the field succeed and others don't. \"We're working with the guys in production at CBS Sports to try and evolve it to really make the fan experience better. It's early days. What we've learned from baseball is the way to present this data,\" said Amazon's Kelman. \"We're looking forward to taking it to the next level next season.\" 3. The impact of Next Gen Stats on NFL fans For fans, the NFL has launched nextgenstats.nfl.com as a portal to view these new insights and data points. There are all kinds of new statistics that you've never seen on the back of a trading, such as: Average Time to Throw (quarterbacks) Average Completed Air Yards (quarterbacks) Aggressiveness Percentage (quarterbacks) Efficiency (running backs) 8+ Defenders in the Box (running backs) Average Time Behind Line of Scrimmage (running backs) Average Cushion (receivers) Average Separation (receivers) Average Targeted Air Yards (receivers) The site also includes charts for quarterbacks, running backs, and receivers to see their patterns from their last game. In addition, the NFL publishes photo essays with specific insights from Next Gen Stats from the previous week's games, as well as videos that explain the differences and similarities between players, teams, and games based on the data. \"There's some very complicated parts of football that can be really fascinating to die hard fans,\" said Swensson. \"A lot of times you watch a game and maybe you don't realize some of the decisions and why they are made, or even some of the intricacies of the game such as why players line up a certain way. My hope is that [Next Gen Stats] continues to educate fans", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00549", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00218", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Native American Energy Act''. SEC. 2. APPRAISALS. (a) Amendment.--Title XXVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``SEC. 2607. APPRAISAL REFORMS. ``(a) Options to Indian Tribes.--With respect to a transaction involving Indian land or the trust assets of an Indian tribe that requires the approval of the Secretary, any appraisal relating to fair market value required to be conducted under applicable law, regulation, or policy may be completed by-- ``(1) the Secretary; ``(2) the affected Indian tribe; or ``(3) a certified, third-party appraiser pursuant to a contract with the Indian tribe. ``(b) Time Limit on Secretarial Review and Action.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Secretary receives an appraisal conducted by or for an Indian tribe pursuant to paragraphs (2) or (3) of subsection (a), the Secretary shall-- ``(1) review the appraisal; and ``(2) provide to the Indian tribe a written notice of approval or disapproval of the appraisal. ``(c) Failure of Secretary To Approve or Disapprove.--If, after 60 days, the Secretary has failed to approve or disapprove any appraisal received, the appraisal shall be deemed approved. ``(d) Option to Indian Tribes To Waive Appraisal.-- ``(1) An Indian tribe wishing to waive the requirements of subsection (a), may do so after it has satisfied the requirements of paragraphs (2) and (3). ``(2) An Indian tribe wishing to forego the necessity of a waiver pursuant to this section must provide to the Secretary a written resolution, statement, or other unambiguous indication of tribal intent, duly approved by the governing body of the Indian tribe. ``(3) The unambiguous indication of intent provided by the Indian tribe to the Secretary under paragraph (2) must include an express waiver by the Indian tribe of any claims for damages it might have against the United States as a result of the lack of an appraisal undertaken. ``(e) Definition.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `appraisal' includes appraisals and other estimates of value. ``(f) Regulations.--The Secretary shall develop regulations for implementing this section, including standards the Secretary shall use for", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00945", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00219", "text": "Because of its proximity the Virgo Cluster is an excellent target for studying interactions of galaxies with the cluster environment. Both the high-velocity tidal interactions and effects of ram pressure stripping by the intracluster gas can be investigated. Optical and/or \\ion{H}{i} observations do not always show effects of weak interactions between galaxies and their encounters with the cluster medium. For this reason we searched for possible anomalies in the magnetic field structure in Virgo Cluster spirals which could be attributed to perturbations in their gas distribution and kinematics. Five angularly large Virgo Cluster spiral galaxies (NGC 4501, NGC 4438, NGC 4535, NGC 4548 and NGC 4654) were the targets for a sensitive total power and polarization study using the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg at 4.85 GHz. For two objects polarization data at higher frequencies have been obtained allowing Faraday rotation analysis. Distorted magnetic field structures were identified in all galaxies. Interaction-induced magnetized outflows were found in NGC 4438 (due to nuclear activity) and NGC 4654 (a combination of tidal tails and ram pressure effects). Almost all objects (except the anaemic NGC 4548) exhibit distortions in polarized radio continuum attributable to influence of the ambient gas. For some galaxies they agree with observations of other species, but sometimes (NGC 4535) the magnetic field is the only tracer of the interaction with the cluster environment. The cluster environment clearly affects the evolution of the galaxies due to ram pressure and tidal effects. Magnetic fields provide a very long-lasting memory of past interactions. Therefore, they are a good tracer of weak interactions which are difficult to detect by other observations.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 347, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00196", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00220", "text": "We calculate the systematic inhomogeneity-induced correction to the cosmological constant that one would infer from an analysis of the luminosities and redshifts of Type Ia supernovae, assuming a homogeneous universe. The calculation entails a post-Newtonian expansion within the framework of second order perturbation theory, wherein we consider the effects of subhorizon density perturbations in a flat, dust dominated universe. Within this formalism, we calculate luminosity distances and redshifts along the past light cone of an observer. The resulting luminosity distance-redshift relation is fit to that of a homogeneous model in order to deduce the best-fit cosmological constant density Omega_Lambda. We find that the luminosity distance-redshift relation is indeed modified, by a small fraction of order 10^{-5}. When fitting this perturbed relation to that of a homogeneous universe, we find that the inferred cosmological constant can be surprisingly large, depending on the range of redshifts sampled. For a sample of supernovae extending from z=0.02 out to z=0.15, we find that Omega_Lambda=0.004. The value of Omega_Lambda has a large variance, and its magnitude tends to get larger for smaller redshifts, implying that precision measurements from nearby supernova data will require taking this effect into account. However, we find that this effect is likely too small to explain the observed value of Omega_Lambda=0.7. There have been previous claims of much larger backreaction effects. By contrast to those calculations, our work is directly related to how observers deduce cosmological parameters from astronomical data.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 333, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00254", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00221", "text": "Intermediate resolution spectroscopy of the white dwarf SDSSJ104341.53+085558.2 contains double-peaked emission lines of CaII8498,8542,8662 and identifies this object to be the second single white dwarf to be surrounded by a gaseous disc of metal-rich material, similar to the recently discovered SDSSJ1228+1040. A photospheric Magnesium abundance of 0.3 times the solar value, determined from the observed MgII4481 absorption line, implies that the white dwarf is accreting from the circumstellar material. The absence of Balmer emission lines and of photospheric HeI4471 absorption indicates that the accreted material is depleted in volatile elements and, by analogy with SDSS1228+1040, may be the result of the tidal disruption of an asteroid. Additional spectroscopy of the DAZ white dwarfs WD1337+705 and GD362 does not reveal CaII emission lines. GD362 is one of the few cool DAZ that display strong infrared flux excess, thought to be originating in a circumstellar dust disc, and its temperature is likely too low to sublimate sufficient amounts of disc material to generate detectable CaII emission. WD1337+705 is, as SDSS1228+1040 and SDSS1043+0855, moderately hot, but has the lowest Mg abundance of those three stars, suggesting a possible correlation between the photospheric Mg abundance and the equivalent width of the CaII emission triplet. Our inspection of 7360 white dwarfs from SDSS DR4 fails to unveil additional strong \"metal gas disc\" candidates, and implies that these objects are rather rare.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 343, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00111", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00222", "text": "' in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted or in which a blood vessel or aneurysm in the brain breaks or ruptures. ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005, $13,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, and $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.''. (b) Study; Reports.-- (1) Final report.--Not later than March 31, 2010, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall conduct a study of the results of the telehealth stroke treatment grant program under section 330M of the Public Health Service Act (added by subsection (a)) and submit to the Congress a report on such results that includes the following: (A) An evaluation of the grant program outcomes, including quantitative analysis of baseline and benchmark measures. (B) Recommendations on how to promote stroke networks in ways that improve access to clinical care in rural and urban areas and reduce the incidence of stroke and the debilitating and costly complications resulting from stroke. (C) Recommendations on whether similar telehealth grant programs could be used to improve patient outcomes in other public health areas. (2) Interim reports.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services may provide interim reports to the Congress on the telehealth stroke treatment grant program under section 330M of the Public Health Service Act (added by subsection (a)) at such intervals as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish Federal standards for the treatment of patients or the licensure of health care professionals. Passed the House of Representatives June 14, 2004. Attest: JEFF TRANDAHL, Clerk.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 404, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00882", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00223", "text": "TOP STORY: SOC--ENGLISH ROUNDUP MANCHESTER, England — Manchester United and Chelsea couldn?t afford any slip-ups if they were to have even the slightest chance of catching Manchester City in the final months of the Premier League. By Steve Douglas. SENT: 707 words, photos. NEW/DEVELOPING: SOC--EUROPE-TRANSFERS The Premier League had already spent a record amount in the January transfer window before the likes of Arsenal and Chelsea added to their squads on the final day. By Rob Harris. UPCOMING: 700 words by 0100 GMT, photos. CAR--F1-WOMEN ON GRID PARIS — There will be no more \"grid girls\" before Formula One races and no more \"podium girls\" celebrating with the drivers after them. By Jerome Pugmire. SENT: 387 words, photos. GYM--DOCTOR-SEXUAL ASSAULT CHARLOTTE, Michigan — Another wave of victims confronted Larry Nassar on Wednesday, this time about sexual abuse at an elite Michigan gymnastics club where young athletes felt they had to use the disgraced doctor's services and could not question the adults who ran the facility. By David Eggert. SENT: 868 words, photos, video. OLY--RUSSIAN DOPING-PUTIN MOSCOW — Russian President Vladimir Putin has told the country's athletes to forget about doping scandals when they compete at the Pyeongchang Olympics. SENT: 387 words, photos. FOOTBALL: SOC--SPANISH ROUNDUP MADRID — Leganes boosted its chances of reaching the Copa del Rey final for the first time by salvaging a 1-1 draw against Sevilla on Wednesday, netting the equalizer after a mistake by Sevilla goalkeeper Sergio Rico. By Tales Azzoni. SENT: 164 words, photos. SOC--ITALIAN ROUNDUP MILAN — AC Milan drew 0-0 at home to Lazio in the first leg of their Italian Cup semifinal on Wednesday and could be left counting the cost of an embarrassing miss by Hakan Calhanoglu. SENT: 322 words, photos. SOC--FRENCH ROUNDUP PARIS — First-half goals from Radamel Falcao sent Monaco back into the League Cup final after a 2-0 home win against Montpellier on Wednesday. SENT: 297 words, photos. SOC--GERMANY TRANSFERS BERLIN — Borussia Dortmund", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00819", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00224", "text": "We report unsuccessful searches for pulsations from the neutron star RX J1836.2+5925 identified with the EGRET source 3EG J1835+5918. A 24 hr observation with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope at 820 MHz placed an upper limit on flux density of 17 uJy for P > 10 ms, and gradually increasing limits for 1 < P < 10 ms. The equivalent luminosity is lower than that of any known pulsar with the possible exception of the radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar Geminga. A set of observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory HRC totaling 118 ks revealed no pulsar with 1 ms < P < 10 s. The upper limit on its pulsed fraction is 35% assuming a sinusoidal pulse shape. The position of RX J1836.2+5925 in Chandra observations separated by 3 years is unchanged within errors, leading to an upper limit on its proper motion of <0.14\"/yr, or v < 530 km/s at d = 800 pc, a maximum distance estimated from its thermal X-ray spectrum. With these null results, the properties of 3EG J1835+5918 and its X-ray counterpart RX J1836.2+5925 are consistent with a more distant or older version of Geminga, or perhaps a recycled pulsar. Having nearly exhausted the capabilities of current instrumentation at all wavelengths, it will likely fall to the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope to discover pulsations from 3EG J1835+5918.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00347", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00225", "text": "WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) — The Christchurch-based Crusaders can consolidate their place atop the Super Rugby table when they play the Hamilton-based Chiefs in an abbreviated 16th round, before the tournament breaks for June internationals. The Crusaders moved five points clear in first place when they convincingly beat their closest rival, the Wellington-based Hurricanes, last weekend and have the chance to lengthen that lead and extend their winning streak to 10 games against the fifth-placed Chiefs. The manner in which the Crusaders beat the Hurricanes, while missing six current All Blacks who were either injured or suspended, has led some commentators to declare it a certainty that the eight-time champions will win the title for the second straight year. Coach Scott Robertson said the victory of a severely-depleted side over the star-studded Hurricanes \"was just a very proud night in the Crusaders history.\" \"I think the fans weren't sure what to expect and that probably sums it up, the amount of emotion that was shown post-game,\" Robertson said. He said the Crusaders are not taking for granted a win on Saturday in what appears an easier match against a Chiefs team heavily hit by injuries. \"The Chiefs have an extremely good scrum,\" Robertson said. \"Given their injuries they have done a great job with the players that have come in for them - as have we, so it will be a great battle.\" The Hurricanes must quickly recover from their poor performance against the Crusaders to keep pace with the tournament leaders three rounds from the end of the regular season. Coach Chris Boyd said any lessons learned from the loss to the Crusaders would not be applicable to the Highlanders, who play a different type of game. \"They kick more than anyone else,\" Boyd said. \"They're very good at strike play. They're quite prepared to say 'well you have the ball and we'll knock you over and you make the mistake and we'll pick it up and score.'\" The New South Wales Waratahs also have a chance to consolidate their lead in a tight Australian conference before Super Rugby breaks for test series between Australia and Ireland, New Zealand and France and South Africa and England. The Waratahs, who face the Queensland Reds on Saturday, lead the conference by a point from the Melbourne Rebels who meet the Auckland-based Blues in a round from which the South African teams are absent.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 481, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00745", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00226", "text": "We present deep 350- and 1200-micron imaging of the region around 4C41.17 -- one of the most distant (z = 3.792) and luminous known radio galaxies -- obtained with the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC-II) and the Max Planck Millimeter Bolometer Array (MAMBO). The radio galaxy is robustly detected at 350- and 1200-micron, as are two nearby 850-micron-selected galaxies; a third 850-micron source is detected at 350-micron and coincides with a ~ 2-sigma feature in the 1200-micron map. Further away from the radio galaxy an additional nine sources are detected at 1200-micron, bringing the total number of detected (sub)millimeter selected galaxies (SMGs) in this field to 14. Using radio images from the Very Large Array (VLA) and Spitzer mid-infrared (mid-IR) data, we find statistically robust radio and/or 24-micron counterparts to eight of the 14 SMGs in the field around 4C41.17. Follow-up spectroscopy with Keck/LRIS has yielded redshifts for three of the eight robustly identified SMGs, placing them in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 2.7, i.e. well below that of 4C41.17. We infer photometric redshifts for a further four sources using their 1.6-micron (rest-frame) stellar feature as probed by the IRAC bands; only one of them is likely to be at the same redshift as 4C41.17. Thus at least four, and as many as seven, of the SMGs within the 4C41.17 field are physically unrelated to the radio galaxy. With the redshift information at hand we are able to constrain the observed over-densities of SMGs within radial bins stretching to R=50 and 100\" (~ 0.4 and ~ 0.8Mpc at z ~ 3.8) from the radio galaxy to ~ 5x and ~ 2x that of the field, dropping off to the background value at R=150\". [Abridged]", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 481, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00412", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00227", "text": "aims: Our aim is to determine Li abundances in TO stars of the Globular Cluster 47 Tuc and test theories about Li variations among TO stars. method: We make use of high resolution (R~ 43000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N=50--70) spectra of 4 turn off (TO) stars obtained with the UVES spectrograph at the 8.2m VLT Kueyen telescope. results: The four stars observed, span the range 1.6<~A(Li)} <~ 2.14, providing a mean A(Li) = 1.84 with a standard deviation of 0.25 dex. When coupled with data of other two TO stars of the cluster, available in the literature, the full range in Li abundances observed in this cluster is 1.6<~A(Li)<~ 2.3. The variation in A(Li) is at least 0.6 dex (0.7 dex considering also the data available in the literature) and the scatter is six times larger than what expected from the observational error. We claim that these variations are real. A(Li) seems to be anti-correlated with A(Na) exactly as observed in NGC 6752. No systematic error in our analysis could produce such an anti-correlation. conclusions: Na production through p captures on 22Ne at temperatures in excess of 3x10^7 K and the contemporary Li destruction could result in this anti-correlation. However such nuclear processing cannot have taken place in the stars themselves, which do not reach such high temperatures, even at their centre. This points towards the processing in a previous generation of stars. The low N/O ratios in the observed stars and the apparent lack of correlation between N an Li abundances, place a strong constraint on the properties of this previous generation. Our results indicate a different behaviour among the Globular Clusters so far studied as far as the abundance patterns are concerned.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 410, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00062", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00228", "text": "Context: HCOOH is one of the more common species in interstellar ices with abundances of 1-5% with respect to solid H2O. Aims: This study aims at characterizing the HCOOH spectral features in astrophysically relevant ice mixtures in order to interpret astronomical data. Methods: The ices are grown under high vacuum conditions and spectra are recorded in transmission using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Pure HCOOH ices deposited at 15 K and 145 K are studied, as well as binary and tertiary mixtures containing H2O, CO, CO2 and CH3OH. The mixture concentrations are varied from 50:50% to ~10:90% for HCOOH:H2O. Binary mixtures of HCOOH:X and tertiary mixtures of HCOOH:H2O:X with X = CO, CO2, and CH3OH, are studied for concentrations of ~10:90% and ~7:67:26%, respectively. Results: Pure HCOOH ice spectra show broad bands which split around 120 K due to the conversion of a dimer to a chain-structure. Broad single component bands are found for mixtures with H2O. Additional spectral components are present in mixtures with CO, CO2 and CH3OH. The resulting peak position, full width at half maximum and band strength depend strongly on ice structure, temperature, matrix constituents and the HCOOH concentration. Comparison of the solid HCOOH 5.9, 7.2, and 8.1 micron features with astronomical data toward the low mass source HH 46 and high mass source W 33A shows that spectra of binary mixtures do not reproduce the observed ice features. However, our tertiary mixtures especially with CH3OH match the astronomical data very well. Thus interstellar HCOOH is most likely present in tertiary or more complex mixtures with H2O, CH3OH and potentially also CO or CO2, providing constraints on its formation.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 416, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00100", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00229", "text": "There was a time when Chenai Mathabire read Vogue, watched beauty pageants on TV and fantasized about being a supermodel. Today she helps the sick and injured as a nurse and epidemiologist. Last month, the 35-year-old Zimbabwean received an International AIDS Society prize for showing that a faster tuberculosis test could be implemented at health centers in southeast Africa. Her work will help save the lives of HIV-positive patients who contract TB. \"Nursing is often looked down upon and people just think you are there to be the maid of the doctor or do the dirty work. But teachers made me realize that nurses have a big role to play,\" says Mathabire. In Zimbabwe's bustling capital, Harare, Mathabire earned high enough points in her studies to pursue a degree in physiotherapy, occupational therapy or nursing at university. She chose to become a nurse — the first nurse in her family. In 2008, she was between jobs and Zimbabwe was facing economic problems. Mathabire decided to apply for a job at Doctors Without Borders. The work took her into some of Africa's grimmest situations. She helped diagnose malnourished children with HIV, tuberculosis, pneumonia and malaria in Zimbabwe. Then she supervised workers who were teaching HIV-positive pregnant women how to protect their children from the virus. After that, she worked in a mobile hospital in South Sudan, treating gunshot wounds during a tribal war. In 2015, she was recruited for her first research assignment at Doctors Without Borders, work that would eventually earn her an International AIDS Society prize. She knew that TB was the No. 1 killer of HIV-positive patients from her previous work, but she didn't know about the rapid tuberculosis test until she read the study's protocol. She was eager to get started on the project. For two years, Mathabire and a team explored how easily health clinics and hospitals in the Chiradzulu District of Malawi and the Chamanculo District of Mozambique could implement the tuberculosis test for HIV patients, who are more susceptible to the infection. In Malawi and Mozambique, HIV is the leading cause of death. It is often spread through unprotected sex, and it has wiped out 27 percent of Malawi's and 24 percent of Mozambique's populations according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Finding out whether an HIV-positive person has tuberculosis is a matter of life and death. Mathabire remembers a Mal", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00661", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00230", "text": "issued to counter-protestors,\" Conrad wrote. \"The disparity in treatment between the two groups with opposing views suggests that the defendants' decision to revoke Kessler's permit was based on the content of his speech rather than other neutral factors that would be equally applicable to Kessler and those protesting against him. This conclusion is bolstered by other evidence, including communications on social media indicating that members of City Council oppose Kessler's political viewpoint.\" The judge wrote further that though the city maintained its decision to revoke Kessler's permit was due to the number of people likely to attend his demonstration, \"their concerns in this regard are purely speculative.\" He added, \"there is no evidence to support the notion that many thousands of individuals are likely to attend the demonstration.\" Following the events in Charlottesville, those worried about potential violence have fresh evidence. Public protests can become especially complicated when people are carrying guns and dressed in full camouflage, as some did this weekend in Charlottesville. McAuliffe argues officials need help from the courts if governments are to maintain public safety while allowing people to exercise their First Amendment rights. \"We've got to get a better understanding with these judges to understand our job is to keep our community safe,\" he said. \"The judiciary needs to do a better job of working with us.\" And the ACLU's Hastings says that whatever strategies authorities use, they need to be lawful and in keeping with the Constitution: \"It is my firm hope and desire that the Governor and other local officials will learn from this past weekend how constitutionally to prevent events like the horror we saw in Charlottesville.\"", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 318, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00669", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00231", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Seasoned Customer CTR Exemption Act of 2008''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) When it is possible to reduce the regulatory burden on depository institutions associated with reporting requirements under chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, while at the same time maintaining the utility of such reports to law enforcement efforts, it is appropriate to do so. (2) In February 2008, the Comptroller General issued a report titled ``Bank Secrecy Act: Increased Use of Exemption Provisions Could Reduce Currency Transaction Reporting While Maintaining Usefulness to Law Enforcement Efforts'' (GAO-08- 355). (3) The Comptroller General finds that since transactions of exempt customers are of little or no value to law enforcement efforts, efforts made to increase the use of such exemptions by depository institutions could reduce the regulatory burden associated with filing unnecessary cash transaction reports and the government's costs to process them, while maintaining the utility of such reports to law enforcement efforts. (4) The Comptroller General finds that the requirement that depository institutions file biennial renewals for Phase II customer exemptions duplicates the required annual review of such exemptions and discourages the use of some exemptions. (5) The Comptroller General finds that eliminating the requirement that depository institutions file biennial renewals for Phase II customer exemptions could increase the use of such exemptions and reduce the burden associated with filing unnecessary cash transaction reports. (6) The Comptroller General recommends eliminating the requirement that depository institutions biennially renew Phase II exemptions. (7) The Comptroller General finds that the cash transactions of government entities and depository institutions are likely of little or no use to law enforcement efforts and that cash transaction reports related to these entities are unnecessary. (8) The Comptroller General finds that, although the amendments made to chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, by the Money Laundering Suppression Act of 1994 required the Secretary of the Treasury to exempt depository institutions from filing cash transaction reports on the transactions of government entities and depository institutions and did not explicitly require the filing of exemption forms or annual review of such information with respect to the exempt entities to effectuate any such exemption, the regulations prescribed by the Secretary nonetheless require depository institutions to file such exemption forms and annual reviews. (", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01135", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00232", "text": "(Abridged) Luminous Compact Galaxies (LCGs) (M_B < -20, R_{1/2} < 4.5kpc and EW_{0}(OII) >15\\AA) constitute one of the most rapidly evolving galaxy populations over the last ~8 Gyr history of the universe. Due to their inherently compact sizes, any detailed quantitative analysis of their morphologies has proved to be difficult in the past. In this work we use the high angular resolution imaging data, from the HST/ACS GOODS survey, to study the quantitative morphology of a complete sample of LCGs in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.2. We have derived structural parameters for a representative sample of 39 LCGs selected from the GOODS-S field, using full 2-dimensional surface brightness profile fitting of the galaxy images in each of the four filters available. B-z color maps are used as an aid in the morphological classification. We then use the rest frame B band bulge flux fraction (B/T) to determine the morphological class of the galaxies. Mergers were essentially identified visually by the presence of multiple maxima of comparable intensity in the rest frame B band images, aided by the color maps to distinguish them from HII regions. We derive the following morphological mix for our sample of intermediate redshift LCGs: Mergers: ~36%, Disk dominated: ~22%, S0: ~20%, Early types: ~7%, Irr/tadpole: ~15%. We establish that our sample LCGs are intermediate mass objects with a median stellar mass of Log(M/M_{\\odot})=10.32. We also derive dust enshrouded SFR values ranging from a few to ~65 $M_{\\odot}$/year using Spitzer 24$\\mu m$ data. We estimate a factor ~11 fall in the comoving number density of blue LCGs from redshifts 0.5 < z < 1.2 to the current epoch. We finally discuss the evolutionary scenario of these LCGs which might give us some clues regarding their descendants in the local universe.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 447, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00055", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00233", "text": "Arsenal paid a club-record fee of 63.75 million euros ($80 million) to sign Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang from Borussia Dortmund on Wednesday, completing the overhaul of the team's attack that was triggered by Alexis Sanchez's departure to Manchester United. In potentially the most significant move in the Premier League on the final day of the January transfer window, Aubameyang joined Arsenal in a deal that should result in Olivier Giroud leaving the club in the coming hours — reportedly to London rival Chelsea. The 28-year-old Aubameyang will compete with, or maybe complement, offseason signing Alexandre Lacazette up front as Arsenal looks to make up an eight-point deficit to the Champions League qualification positions in the Premier League. Another new face in Arsenal's attack is Henrikh Mkhitaryan, the playmaker who arrived from Manchester United last week as part of the swap deal that took Sanchez to Old Trafford. Mkhitaryan and Aubameyang linked up to great effect when they played together at Dortmund in the 2015-16 season, scoring 62 goals between them in all competitions. Mkhitaryan welcomed Aubameyang in a video message on Arsenal's Twitter feed. In total, Aubameyang scored 98 goals in 144 games for Dortmund in the German league after joining from Saint-Etienne in 2013 and was the top scorer last season with 31. Only eight players from Europe's top five leagues have scored more goals than the Gabon striker since the start of 2014-15 season. Arsenal inadvertently posted a video on its website in the early hours of Wednesday, during which manager Arsene Wenger confirmed the signing of Aubameyang in an in-house interview after the Premier League game against Swansea on Tuesday. The video was quickly taken down. Arsenal lost to Swansea 3-1 in a game that exposed its weakness up front without the explosive Sanchez around. It left Wenger's team in sixth place with 13 matches left. The fee for Aubameyang was identical to that paid by Manchester City for France under-21 international Aymeric Laporte on Tuesday. That was also a club record — but it could be broken a day later if City manages to bring Leicester winger Riyad Mahrez to Etihad Stadium. City has reportedly made its move for English soccer's Player of the Year for the 2015-16 season following an injury to Leroy Sane that has ruled the Germany winger out for up to seven weeks", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00746", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00234", "text": "which the guidelines and policy statements may or may not account for the following factors in order to create an effective deterrent to computer crime and the theft or misuse of personally identifiable data-- (1) the level of sophistication and planning involved in such offense; (2) whether such offense was committed for purpose of commercial advantage or private financial benefit; (3) the potential and actual loss resulting from the offense; (4) whether the defendant acted with intent to cause either physical or property harm in committing the offense; (5) the extent to which the offense violated the privacy rights of individuals; (6) the effect of the offense upon the operations of a government agency of the United States, or of a State or local government; (7) whether the offense involved a computer used by the government in furtherance of national defense, national security or the administration of justice; (8) whether the offense was intended to, or had the effect of significantly interfering with or disrupting a critical infrastructure; (9) whether the offense was intended to, or had the effect of creating a threat to public health or safety, injury to any person, or death; and (10) whether the defendant purposefully involved a juvenile in the commission of the offense to avoid punishment. (c) Additional Requirements.--In carrying out this section, the Commission shall-- (1) assure reasonable consistency with other relevant directives and with other sentencing guidelines; (2) account for any additional aggravating or mitigating circumstances that might justify exceptions to the generally applicable sentencing ranges; (3) make any conforming changes to the sentencing guidelines; and (4) assure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States Code. SEC. 10. DAMAGE TO PROTECTED COMPUTERS. (a) Section 1030(a)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended-- (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (iv); (2) by inserting ``or'' at the end of clause (v); and (3) by adding at the end the following: ``(vi) damage affecting ten or more protected computers during any 1-year period.''. (b) Section 1030(g) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking ``or'' after ``(iv),'' and inserting ``, or (vi)'' after ``(v)''. (c", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00884", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00235", "text": "We determine the variation in the nonthermal radio spectral index in the nearby spiral galaxy M33 at a linear resolution of 360 pc. We separate the thermal and nonthermal components of the radio continuum emission without the assumption of a constant nonthermal spectral index. Using the Spitzer FIR data at 70 and 160 $\\mu$m and a standard dust model, we deredden the H$\\alpha$ emission. The extinction corrected H$\\alpha$ emission serves as a template for the thermal free-free radio emission. Subtracting from the observed 3.6 cm and 20 cm emission (Effelsberg and the VLA) this free-free emission, we obtain the nonthermal maps. A constant electron temperature used to obtain the thermal radio intensity seems appropriate for M~33 which, unlike the Milky Way, has a shallow metallicity gradient. For the first time, we derive the distribution of the nonthermal spectral index across a galaxy, M33. We detect strong nonthermal emission from the spiral arms and star-forming regions. Wavelet analysis shows that at 3.6 cm the nonthermal emission is dominated by contributions from star-forming regions, while it is smoothly distributed at 20 cm. For the whole galaxy, we obtain thermal fractions of 51% and 18% at 3.6 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The thermal emission is slightly stronger in the southern than in the northern half of the galaxy. We find a clear radial gradient of mean extinction in the galactic plane. The nonthermal spectral index map indicates that the relativistic electrons suffer energy-loss when diffusing from their origin in star-forming regions towards interarm regions and the outer parts of the galaxy. We also conclude that the radio emission is mostly nonthermal at R $>$ 5 kpc in M33.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 367, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00478", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00236", "text": "We have identified perhaps the largest major galaxy merger ever seen. While analysing Spitzer IRAC images of CL0958+4702, an X-ray selected cluster at z=0.39, we discovered an unusual plume of stars extending $\\gtrsim$110 kpc outward from the bright central galaxy (BCG). Three galaxies 1-1.5 mag fainter than the BCG lie within 17 kpc (projected) of the BCG and are probably participating in the merger. The plume is detected in all four IRAC channels and at optical wavelengths in images from the WIYN telescope; the surface brightness is remarkably high ($\\mu_r\\approx$24.8 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ at 50 kpc). The optical and infrared colors are consistent with those of other BCGs, suggesting that the plume is composed of old stars and negligible recent star formation (hence a \"dry merger\"). The luminosity in the plume is at least equivalent to a 4L^* galaxy. A diffuse halo extending 110 kpc from the BCG in one IRAC image suggests the total amount of diffuse light is L_r\\sim 1.3x10^{11}h^{-2} L_sun. A Chandra observation shows an X-ray image and spectrum typical of moderate-mass clusters. We use MMT/Hectospec to measure 905 redshifts in a 1 deg^2 region around the cluster. The velocities of two of the BCG companions indicate a merger timescale for the companion galaxies of $\\sim$110 Myr and $\\sim$0.5-1 Gyr for the plume. We conclude that the BCG and intracluster light of CL0958 is formed by major mergers at moderate redshifts. After the major merger is complete, CL0958 will likely become a fossil cluster.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 388, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00420", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00237", "text": "sample,''; (B) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ``(A)(i) in the case of any State in which the Administrator is administering the program under section 402, the Administrator, in such form as the Administrator determines to be appropriate; and ``(ii) in the case of any State other than a State to which clause (i) applies, all agencies of the State government with authority to require the prevention or treatment of the sources of coastal recreation water pollution; and''; (2) by redesignating paragraphs (6) and (7) as paragraphs (7) and (8), respectively; (3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following: ``(6) measures for an annual report to the Administrator, in such form as the Administrator determines to be appropriate, on the occurrence, nature, location, pollutants involved, and extent of any exceedance of applicable water quality standards for pathogens and pathogen indicators;''; (4) in paragraph (7) (as redesignated by paragraph (2))-- (A) by striking ``the posting'' and inserting ``the immediate posting''; and (B) by striking ``and'' at the end; (5) in paragraph (8) (as redesignated by paragraph (2)), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and (6) by adding at the end the following: ``(9) the availability of a geographical information system database that the State or local government program shall use to inform the public about coastal recreation waters and that-- ``(A) is publicly accessible and searchable on the Internet; ``(B) is organized by beach or similar point of access; ``(C) identifies applicable water quality standards, monitoring protocols, sampling plans and results, and the number and cause of coastal recreation water closures and advisory days; and ``(D) is updated within 24 hours of the availability of revised information; ``(10) measures to ensure that closures or advisories are made or issued within 2 hours after the receipt of the results of a water quality sample exceeding applicable water quality standards for pathogens and pathogen indicators; ``(11) measures that inform the public of identified sources of pathogenic contamination; and ``(12) analyses of monitoring protocols to determine which protocols are most likely to detect pathogenic contamination.''. (f) National List of Beaches.--Section 406(g) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1346(g", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01005", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00238", "text": "We present measurements of the stellar and gaseous velocities in the central 5' of the Local Group spiral M33. The data were obtained with the ARC 3.5m telescope. Blue and red spectra with resolutions from 2 to 4\\AA covering the principal gaseous emission and stellar absorption lines were obtained along the major and minor axes and six other position angles. The observed radial velocities of the ionized gas along the photometric major axis of M33 remain flat at ~22 km s^{-1} all the way into the center, while the stellar velocities show a gradual rise from zero to 22 km s^{-1} over that same region. The central star cluster is at or very close to the dynamical center, with a velocity that is in accordance with M33's systemic velocity to within our uncertainties. Velocities on the minor axis are non-zero out to about 1' from the center in both the stars and gas. Together with the major axis velocities, they point at significant deviations from circular rotation. The most likely explanation for the bulk of the velocity patterns are streaming motions along a weak inner bar with a PA close to that of the minor axis, as suggested by previously published IR photometric images. The presence of bar imprints in M33 implies that all major Local Group galaxies are barred. The non-circular motions over the inner 200 pc make it difficult to constrain the shape of M33's inner dark matter halo profile. If the non-circular motions we find in this nearby Sc galaxy are present in other more distant late-type galaxies, they might be difficult to recognize.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 327, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00362", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00239", "text": "We consider a gyroscopic system under the action of small dissipative and non-conservative positional forces, which has its origin in the models of rotating bodies of revolution being in frictional contact. The spectrum of the unperturbed gyroscopic system forms a \"spectral mesh\" in the plane \"frequency -gyroscopic parameter\" with double semi-simple purely imaginary eigenvalues at zero value of the gyroscopic parameter. It is shown that dissipative forces lead to the splitting of the semi-simple eigenvalue with the creation of the so-called \"bubble of instability\" - a ring in the three-dimensional space of the gyroscopic parameter and real and imaginary parts of eigenvalues, which corresponds to complex eigenvalues. In case of full dissipation with a positive-definite damping matrix the eigenvalues of the ring have negative real parts making the bubble a latent source of instability because it can \"emerge\" to the region of eigenvalues with positive real parts due to action of both indefinite damping and non-conservative positional forces. In the paper, the instability mechanism is analytically described with the use of the perturbation theory of multiple eigenvalues. As an example stability of a rotating circular string constrained by a stationary load system is studied in detail. The theory developed seems to give a first clear explanation of the mechanism of self-excited vibrations in the rotating structures in frictional contact, that is responsible for such well-known phenomena of acoustics of friction as the squealing disc brake and the singing wine glass.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 301, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00441", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00240", "text": "amian. The two did a Facebook Live interview with him on September 7. Phelps also posted about shooting that day. Strange given that, in a later scene, we see Kris telling Kendall about the review—which was also published September 7—as she shoots a campaign for will.i.am’s headphones or something, which appears to have taken place that week as well. “I know how nervous you were about the Vogue review,” Kris says to Kendall, before showing it to her and telling her “I heard they don’t really give them this early” (whatever that is supposed to signify). Then we hear (though do not see) Kris saying “They love every single piece,” with a very large pause between “love” and “every,” suggesting that the sentence was spliced together. Advertisement Advertisement “They don’t just pass those out on a whim,” Kris adds. The Vogue “review” in question is not much of one. Phelps talks about Kanye West’s Yeezy collection, and notes, “Clearly, the Jenner name, like West’s, moves product.” She quotes the sisters explaining who their clothes are for, but quite honestly, most of it comes off as factual, not as commentary, and could even perhaps be taken as a dig at them if you’re reading hard enough. The Jenners are the “creative forces” behind the brand; they prefer not to have official titles. If their hands aren’t getting dirty in the actual crafting of the clothes and accessories, the selling point is that the pieces are made in their image—their everyday style more than their red carpet getups. “The pieces with the most personality are the result of collaborations with artists,” Phelps writes. “A satin souvenir jacket embroidered with a map of California and ‘West Side Till I Die’ spelled out in gothic font qualifies as the coolest item in the lineup; it could appeal to shoppers for whom the Jenner name has no resonance, if indeed there are any of those left out there.” Sponsored But to Kendall and her mother, this short piece of writing counts as a rave, and KUWTK features the only two quotes that could be spun as more than neutral. “I was bracing myself for a bad review, but instead we got a really good one, and it was a nice surprise,” Kendall says. Earlier in the episode, she had clarified that it’s because of her closeness with Vogue that she was nervous, not in spite of it. “I feel", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00674", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00241", "text": "By their star content, the galaxies split out into a red and a blue population; their color index peaked around u-r=2.5 or u-r=1, respectively, quantifies the ratio of the blue stars newly formed from cold galactic gas, to the redder ones left over by past generations. On the other hand, upon accreting substantial gas amounts the central massive black holes energize active galactic nuclei (AGNs); here we investigate whether these show a similar, and possibly related, bimodal partition as for current accretion activity relative to the past. To this aim we use an updated semianalytic model; based on Monte Carlo simulations, this follows with a large statistics the galaxy assemblage, the star generations and the black hole accretions in the cosmological framework over the redshift span from z=10 to z=0. We test our simulations for yielding in close detail the observed split of galaxies into a red, early and a blue, late population. We find that the black hole accretion activities likewise give rise to two source populations: early, bright quasars and later, dimmer AGNs. We predict for their Eddington parameter $\\lambda_E$ -- the ratio of the current to the past black hole accretions -- a bimodal distribution; the two branches sit now under $\\lambda_E \\approx 0.01$ (mainly contributed by low-luminosity AGNs) and around $\\lambda_E \\approx 0.3-1$. These not only mark out the two populations of AGNs, but also will turn out to correlate strongly with the red or blue color of their host galaxies.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 343, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00099", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00242", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Dietary Supplement Regulatory Implementation Act of 2005''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) Over 158,000,000 Americans regularly consume dietary supplements to maintain and improve their health. (2) Consumer expenditures on dietary supplements reached a reported $20,500,000,000 in 2004, more than double the amount spent in 1994. (3) According to a recent report issued by the Food and Drug Administration (``FDA'') the use of dietary supplements is likely to grow due to factors such as the aging of the baby boom generation, increased interest in self-sufficiency, and advances in science that are uncovering new relationships between diet and disease. (4) In 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-417) (``DSHEA'') was enacted. That Act balanced continued consumer access to vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements, increased scientific research on the benefits and risks of dietary supplements, public education on dietary supplements, and needed consumer protections. (5) DSHEA requires that claims made on dietary supplement labels, packaging, and accompanying material be truthful, non- misleading, and substantiated. Manufacturers are prohibited from making claims that products are intended to diagnose, treat, mitigate, cure, or prevent a disease. (6) DSHEA provides for good manufacturing practice standards setting requirements for potency, purity, sanitary conditions, and recordkeeping for dietary supplements. (7) DSHEA provides that dietary supplements are to be regulated like foods and not drugs or food additives. (8) DSHEA requires that manufacturers submit adequate information as to the safety of any new ingredients contained in dietary supplements before those products can be sold. (9) DSHEA provides the FDA with a number of powers to remove unsafe dietary supplements from the marketplace. (10) DSHEA created the Office of Dietary Supplements within the National Institutes of Health to expand research and consumer information about the health effects of dietary supplements. (11) The FDA has not adequately used its authority to enforce DSHEA. (12) The FDA needs adequate resources to appropriately implement and enforce DSHEA. Congress has appropriated additional funds over the last several years beyond those requested in the President's budget to implement and enforce DSHEA, reaching $10,800,000 in", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01066", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00243", "text": "We have used the Green Bank Telescope to measure HI absorption against the anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810-197. Assuming a flat rotation curve, we find that XTE J1810-197 is located at a distance of 3.4(+0.5,-0.7) kpc. For a rotation curve that incorporates a model of the Galactic bar, we obtain a distance of 4.0(+0.3,-0.8) kpc. Using a rotation curve that incorporates a model of the Galactic bar and the spiral arms of the Galaxy, the distance is 3.7(+/-0.6) kpc. These values are consistent with the distance to XTE J1810-197 of about 3.3 kpc derived from its dispersion measure, and estimates of 2-5 kpc obtained from fits to its X-ray spectra. Overall, we determine that XTE J1810-197 is located at a distance of 3.5(+/-0.5) kpc, possibly not far in front of the infrared dark cloud G10.74-0.13. We also used the GBT in an attempt to measure absorption in the OH 1612, 1665, 1667, and 1720 MHz lines against XTE J1810-197. We were unsuccessful in this, mainly because of its declining radio flux density. Analysis of HI 21 cm, OH, and CO(2-1) emission toward XTE J1810-197 allows us to place a lower limit of $N_{\\rm H} \\ga 4.6 \\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$ on the non-ionized hydrogen column density to \\magnetar, consistent with estimates obtained from fits to its X-ray spectra.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 373, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00194", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00244", "text": "We perform fits of unconventional dark energy models to the available data from high-redshift supernovae, distant galaxies and baryon oscillations. The models are based either on brane cosmologies or on Liouville strings in which a relaxation dark energy is provided by a rolling dilaton field (Q-cosmology). An interesting feature of such cosmologies is the possibility of effective four-dimensional negative-energy dust and/or exotic scaling of dark matter. An important constraint that can discriminate among models is the evolution of the Hubble parameter as a function of the redshift, H(z). We perform fits using a unifying formula for the evolution of H(z), applicable to different models. We find evidence for a negative-energy dust at the current era, as well as for exotic-scaling (a^{-delta}) contributions to the energy density, with 3.3<delta<4.3. The latter could be due to dark matter coupling with the dilaton in Q-cosmology models, but it is also compatible with the possibility of dark radiation from a brane Universe to the bulk in brane-world scenarios, which could also encompass Q-cosmology models. The best-fit model seems to include an a^{-2}-scaling contribution to the energy density of the Universe, which is characteristic of the dilaton relaxation in Q-cosmology models, not to be confused with the spatial curvature contribution of conventional cosmology. We conclude that Q-cosmology fits the data equally well with the Lambda-CDM model for a range of parameters that are in general expected from theoretical considerations.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 324, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00416", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00245", "text": "Jones said, repeating the campaign slogan of another Alabama governor, Albert Brewer, who nearly defeated Wallace in 1970 in a contest Alabama liberals and many moderates still lament as a lost opportunity. Some of Jones' supporters put it even more bluntly. \"I thought Alabama's image was pretty much at the bottom,\" said Pat Lawrence, a retired software engineer in Huntsville. A Moore win, Lawrence added, \"will be a whole new bottom.\" Those concerns extend even to some GOP quarters. Alabama's senior senator, Richard Shelby, confirmed Sunday that he did not vote for Moore, saying he wrote in another \"distinguished\" party figure he declined to name. Yet for many Republicans, Moore is a paragon of traditional values. They reject accusations that he molested two teenage girls and pursued relationships with others decades ago. Moore denies the charges. \"Everyone has to vote their convictions,\" said Kevin Mims of Montgomery, as he held his Bible outside his Baptist church Sunday in Montgomery. \"My conviction is he's the right man for the job.\" Where Moore's critics see a state judge who defied federal courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court's decision legalizing same-sex marriage, Mims see a stalwart who stands \"on the word of God.\" Other conservatives see an anti-establishment firebrand in the mold of Trump, who won Alabama by 28 percentage points. Moore encourages that view with fundraising emails that urge backers to help him \"defeat the elite,\" a swipe at both Democrats and the establishment Republicans who tried to deny him the GOP nomination earlier this year. Ultimately, Republicans from Moore to Trump himself are betting on a simple bottom line: Most Alabama conservatives simply won't defect to a Democrat. \"If Alabama elects liberal Democrat Doug Jones, all of our progress will be stopped cold,\" Trump says in a robocall the Moore campaign plans to push out Monday. The president also invokes a common fear among Republicans, calling Jones \"a puppet of Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer,\" the Democratic House and Senate leaders in Washington, both of them reviled by conservative voters. \"Roy Moore is the guy we need to pass our Make American Great Again agenda,\" the president insists. Moore's baggage could make it difficult to draw conclusions about what the results might mean beyond Alabama, but both parties are watching closely. Democrats need to flip 24 GOP-held seats to reclaim a House majority, and they're trying to dent the slim Republican advantage in the Senate and its dominance", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00826", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00246", "text": "&lt;greek-th&gt; x SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.&lt;greek-th&gt; x This Act may be cited as the ``Prekindergarten Access Act of 2003''.&lt;greek-th&gt; x SEC. 2. PREKINDERGARTEN PROGRAM.&lt;greek-th&gt; x Title V of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 is amended by adding at the end the following:&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``PART E--PREKINDERGARTEN PROGRAMS&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``SEC. 5701. FINDINGS.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``Congress finds the following:&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``(1) Countless studies have shown what every parent already knows: High-quality preschool education programs work. They prepare children to learn when they go to school, and the programs increase the success of students throughout their lives.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``(2) Children who get a high-quality prekindergarten education are less likely to repeat a grade level and have less need for special education instruction than those with no prekindergarten experience.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``(3) Prekindergarten programs make a significant difference in the lives of children from low-income families. A recent study found that children in high-quality child care programs had better thinking and attention skills, better mathematics and pre-reading skills, and fewer behavioral problems.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``(4) In a study following children to age 21 who received high-quality early children education, such children were more likely to have enrolled in college, been employed, and delayed parenthood.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``SEC. 5702. DEFINITIONS.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``For purposes of this part, the following definitions shall apply:&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``(1) Prekindergarten.--The term `prekindergarten' means a program serving children ages 3, 4, and 5 years old that supports children's cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development and helps prepare children for the transition to kindergarten.&lt;greek-th&gt; x ``(2) Eligible prekindergarten providers.--The term `eligible prekindergarten providers' includes child care programs, Head Start agencies, and schools that--&lt;greek-th&gt", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01002", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00247", "text": "been only one factor. A sharp rise in wage growth reported in the government's January jobs report triggered fears that higher labor costs would lead to higher inflation and, ultimately, to higher interest rates. Stocks sank on the news. But subsequent reports on wages and inflation have been milder, and the markets appear to have stabilized. The February jobs report pointed to an unusually robust labor market: Employers added 313,000 jobs, the largest monthly gain in 1½ years. The unemployment rate remained at a 17-year low of 4.1 percent. Other measures of the economy, though, have been more sluggish. Consumer spending, the economy's primary fuel, has slowed this year and has led many economists to downgrade their forecasts for growth in the January-March quarter. Some now envision an annual growth rate of just 1.7 percent for the quarter. Forecasts for all of 2018, though, still predict an acceleration later this year, driven in part by the stimulative effect of the sweeping tax cuts President Donald Trump pushed through Congress in December and a budget agreement in January to raise government spending by $300 billion over two years. If economic growth does pick up and the job market remains healthy, the Powell Fed is viewed as likely to accelerate its rate hikes, from the three it projected in December to four this year. Even after five rate increases over the past 27 months, the Fed's benchmark rate remains in a still-low range of 1.25 percent to 1.5 percent, up from a record low near zero as recently as December 2015. The Fed's slighter higher key rate has, however, contributed to higher consumer loan rates, including for home mortgages. Some economists say they think Powell will try to demonstrate at the start of his tenure that he is serious about keeping inflation under control, a central responsibility for any Fed leader. \"Powell will want to make sure he establishes his credentials as an anti-inflation chairman,\" said Sung Won Sohn, an economics professor at California State University, Channel Islands. Besides announcing its rate decision Wednesday, the Fed will update its quarterly forecasts, which will show its expectations for growth, unemployment, inflation and the expected pace of its rate increases over the next three years. Even if the Fed doesn't explicitly predict four rate hikes for 2018, it could effectively signal as much by upgrading its expectations for growth. The Fed's December estimate for economic growth in 2018, as measured", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00803", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00248", "text": "We present a search for outflows towards 51 submillimetre cores in Perseus. With consistently derived outflow properties from a large homogeneous dataset within one molecular cloud we can investigate further the mass dependence and time evolution of protostellar mass loss. Of the 51 cores, 37 show broad linewings indicative of molecular outflows. In 13 cases, the linewings could be due to confusion with neighbouring flows but 9 of those sources also have near-infrared detections confirming their protostellar nature. The total fraction of protostars in our sample is 65%. All but four outflow detections are confirmed as protostellar by Spitzer IR detections and only one Spitzer source has no outflow, showing that outflow maps at this sensitivity are equally good at identifying protostars as Spitzer. Outflow momentum flux correlates both with source luminosity and with core mass but there is considerable scatter even within this one cloud despite the homogeneous dataset. We fail to confirm the result of Bontemps et al. (1996) that Class I sources show lower momentum fluxes on average than Class 0 sources, with a KS test showing a significant probability that the momentum fluxes for both Class 0s and Class Is are drawn from the same distribution. We find that outflow power may not show a simple decline between the Class 0 to Class I stages. Our sample includes low momentum flux, low-luminosity Class 0 sources, possibly at a very early evolutionary stage. If the only mass loss from the core were due to outflows, cores would last for 10^5-10^8 years, longer than current estimates of 1.5-4 x 10^5 years for the mean lifetime for the embedded phase. Additional mechanisms for removing mass from protostellar cores may be necessary.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 376, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00248", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00249", "text": "We present the results of a multiwavelength study of the z=0.23 radio source PKS1932-46. VIMOS IFU spectroscopy is used to study the morphology, kinematics and ionisation state of the EELR surrounding this source, and also a companion galaxy at a similar redshift. Near- and far-IR imaging observations obtained using the NTT and SPITZER are used to analyse the underlying galaxy morphologies and the nature of the AGN. The host galaxy is identified as an ~M* elliptical. Combining Spitzer mid-IR with X-ray, optical and near-IR imaging observations of this source, we conclude that its AGN is underluminous for a radio source of this type, despite its status as a BLRG. However, given its relatively large [OIII] luminosity it is likely that the AGN was substantially more luminous in the recent past (<10^4 years ago). The EELR is remarkably extensive and complex, reminiscent of the systems observed around sources at higher redshifts/radio powers, and the gas is predominantly ionised by a mixture of AGN photoionisation and emission from young stars. We confirm the presence of a series of star-forming knots extending N-S from the host galaxy, with more prodigious star formation occuring in the merging companion galaxy to the northeast, which has sufficient luminosity at mid- to far-IR wavelengths to be classified as a LIRG. The most plausible explanation of our observations is that PKS1932-46 is a member of an interacting galaxy group, and that the impressive EELR is populated by star-forming, tidal debris. We suggest that the AGN itself may currently be fuelled by material associated either with the current interaction, or with a previous merger event. Surprisingly, it is the companion object, rather than the radio source host galaxy, which is undergoing the bulk of the star formation activity within the group.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 405, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00484", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00250", "text": "A decade ago, the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) conducted a 250-person survey to gather information about how companies might read data from 2007 when the year 2107 arrives, but it's become so obsolete that the words flash and cloud aren't even found in the 66-page concluding report (PDF). If at first you don't succeed, try again, SNIA officials determined. \"It took us quite a while to put the first survey together 10 years ago. We got a lot of good information from it,\" said Thomas Rivera, chairman of the SNIA data protection committee. \"We realized that as time went on there's been a lot of changing in the industry, not just in storage itself but also in a lot of the technology and regulations regarding storage and archiving.\" SEE: Cloud Data Storage Policy (Tech Pro Research) SNIA has many updates in the 2017 edition of its survey—there are 50 questions about business drivers, data sources, organization goals, policies, preservation, privacy, security, and storage. They hope to double the amount of respondents and include archivists, record managers, and technologists (the 2007 edition focused on technology managers). Also, there's a strong emphasis on leaving the storage questions open ended and not mentioning specific brands, so that a vendor cannot easily rig results, Rivera said. There are already storage companies today that claim 100-year reliability based on laboratory endurance tests, Rivera noted, though he acknowledged that such claims are impossible to truly prove short of owning a DeLorean equipped with a flux capacitor. SEE: The cloud v. data center decision, free PDF (ZDNet/TechRepublic special report) Some of the unique questions from the current survey are: What is your organization doing to deal with media migration and long term readability issues? (Migration means periodically moving information to new media to assure readability. Readability refers to both physical and logical readability—is the information in a format that your applications can read and interpret?) Which applications produce information that is of highest concern in maintaining long term readability of information? (Readability implies the ability to read the physical media and to logically interpret and use the content in an application context.) Do you audit/verify the integrity of data stored by a managed service provider or cloud? Yes/No? How? Do long-term archives necessitate the use of specialized security technologies and/or services that differ from normal storage infrastructure? If yes, what are they", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00590", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00251", "text": "Autonomous transportation has been a subject of science fiction for decades, but it's quickly becoming reality, with companies such as Ford and Domino's Pizza being some of the latest to get into the action in interesting new ways. This month's special report from ZDNet and TechRepublic, Tech and the Future of Transportation, looks at how the rise of autonomous transportation will affect businesses and employees. You can download all of the stories as a free PDF ebook (free registration required). There are many obstacles to overcome before autonomous vehicles go mainstream, and writer Conner Forrest examined those, including liability in case of accidents, insurance coverage, and fear caused by high-profile mishaps. Diving further into the safety issue, writer Teena Maddox reported on the ability of autonomous vehicles to save lives by eliminating accidents caused by human error. Looking at the current business landscape, writer Alison DeNisco reported on research that named the 10 leading companies in the autonomous vehicle space. Some relatively unknown companies made the list, and some of the usual suspects like Tesla, Uber, and Apple were absent. TechRepublic's global editor in chief Jason Hiner delved into the massive disruptions that could be unleashed by hyperloop. This feature also contains original research from Tech Pro Research, a joint venture from ZDNet and TechRepublic. That report details predictions from 289 professionals about how autonomous transportation will affect their industries, companies, and personal lives. To read these articles and more, download the full PDF report, Tech and the Future of Transportation. For more about autonomous transportation and other innovations, subscribe to our Next Big Thing newsletter. Subscribe Also see", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00584", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00252", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``United States China Policy Act of 1994''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress makes the following findings: (1) The economic, social, political, and cultural welfare of the people of China, who constitute one-fifth of the world's population, is a matter of global humanitarian concern. (2) By virtue of its size, its economic vitality, its status as a nuclear power, and its role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, China plays a significant role in world affairs. (3) The United States policy toward China involves balancing multiple interests, including promoting human rights and democracy, securing China's strategic cooperation in Asia and the United Nations, protecting United States national security interests, controlling the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, promoting a peaceful and democratic transition in Hong Kong, and expanding United States economic contact with China. (4) United States policy toward China must include as a key objective the promotion of internationally recognized human rights. Specific priorities and methods should be appropriate to the circumstances. Engagement with China rather than its isolation is more likely to foster United States interests. (5) The opening of China to the West, the adoption of free market economic reforms, the emergence of a strong and entrepreneurial economy that ensures the rise of a Chinese middle class; all have led to expanded individual freedom, a weakening of state control over personal expression, access to the media in the United States, Hong Kong, and the West, and major improvements in living standards for the Chinese people. (6) United States policies that encourage economic liberalization and increased contact with the United States and other democracies foster respect for internationally recognized human rights and can contribute to civil and political reform in China. (7) The President's policy statement of May 26, 1994, provides a sound framework for expanding and extending the relationship of the United States with China while continuing the commitment of the United States to its historic values. The United States must develop a comprehensive and coherent policy toward China that addresses the complex and fast-changing reality in that country and promotes simultaneously the human rights, diplomatic, economic, and security interests of the United States toward China. (8) The United States has an interest in a strong, stable, prosperous, and open China whose government contributes to international peace and security and whose actions are consistent with the responsibilities of great power status. Whether those expectations are met will determine the breadth,", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00903", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00253", "text": ") shall include-- (A) an evaluation of the potential benefits of the rule, including any beneficial effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to receive the benefits; (B) an evaluation of the potential costs of the rule, including any adverse effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to bear the costs; (C) an evaluation of any alternative approaches that could achieve the same goal in a more cost- effective manner or that could provide greater net benefits, and, if applicable, a brief explanation of any statutory reasons why such alternatives could not be adopted; (D) an evaluation of the regulatory impact analysis, federalism assessment, or other analysis or assessment prepared by the agency or required for the economically significant rule; and (E) a summary of the results of the evaluation of the Comptroller General and the implications of those results, including an evaluation of any changes from the proposed rule made by the agency in the final rule. (4) Procedures for priorities of requests.--In consultation with the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate and the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, the Comptroller General shall develop procedures for determining the priority and number of those requests for review under paragraph (1) that will be reported under paragraph (2). The procedures shall give the highest priority to requests regarding a notice of proposed rulemaking, and to requests regarding an interim final rulemaking. (b) Authority of Comptroller General.--Each agency shall promptly cooperate with the Comptroller General in carrying out this Act. Nothing in this Act is intended to expand or limit the authority of the General Accounting Office. SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to the General Accounting Office to carry out this Act $5,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2003. SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE; SUNSET PROVISION. (a) Effective Date.--This Act shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (b) Sunset Provision.--This Act shall not apply with respect to rules published on or after the date that is 3 years after the effective date of this Act.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 464, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01120", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00254", "text": "comply with subsection (a) shall be reallocated under that program to States that have not failed to comply with such subsection. SEC. 4. AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL SENTENCING GUIDELINES. (a) Request for Immediate Consideration by the United States Sentencing Commission.--Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United States Code, and in accordance with this section, the United States Sentencing Commission is requested to-- (1) promptly review the sentencing guidelines applicable to sexual offenses committed against the elderly; (2) expeditiously consider the promulgation of new sentencing guidelines or amendments to existing sentencing guidelines to provide an enhancement for such offenses; and (3) submit to Congress an explanation of actions taken by the Sentencing Commission pursuant to paragraph (2) and any additional policy recommendations the Sentencing Commission may have for combating offenses described in paragraph (1). (b) Considerations in Review.--In carrying out this section, the Sentencing Commission is requested to-- (1) ensure that the sentencing guidelines and policy statements reflect the serious nature of such offenses and the need for aggressive and appropriate law enforcement action to prevent such offenses; (2) assure reasonable consistency with other relevant directives and with other guidelines; (3) account for any aggravating or mitigating circumstances that might justify exceptions, including circumstances for which the sentencing guidelines currently provide sentencing enhancements; (4) make any necessary conforming changes to the sentencing guidelines; and (5) assure that the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of sentencing as set forth in section 3553 (a)(2) of title 18, United States Code. (c) Emergency Authority and Deadline for Commission Action.--The United States Sentencing Commission is requested to promulgate the guidelines or amendments provided for under this section as soon as practicable, and in any event not later than the 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, in accordance with the procedures sent forth in section 21(a) of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1987, as though the authority under that Act had not expired.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 431, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01086", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00255", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Senior Financial Empowerment Act of 2010''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) The proportion of the population of the United States age 60 years or older is predicted to drastically increase in the next 30 years as more than 76,000,000 Baby Boomers approach retirement and old age. (2) It is estimated that between 500,000 and 5,000,000 seniors in the United States are abused, neglected, or exploited each year. (3) Abuse, neglect, and exploitation of seniors crosses racial, social class, gender, and geographic lines. (4) Each year millions of individuals in the United States are victims of financial exploitation, including mail, telemarketing, and Internet fraud. Many of those who fall prey to such exploitation are seniors. (5) It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of fraud that targets seniors because cases are severely underreported and national statistics on senior fraud do not exist. (6) The Federal Bureau of Investigation notes that seniors in the United States are less likely to report fraud because they do not know to whom to report, they are ashamed to have been a victim of fraud, or they do not know that they have been a victim of fraud. In some cases, a senior who has been a victim of fraud may not report the crime because he or she is concerned that relatives may conclude that the senior no longer has the mental capacity to take care of his or her own financial affairs. (7) According to a 2009 report by the MetLife Mature Market Institute, the annual financial loss by victims of senior financial abuse is estimated to be at least $2,600,000,000. (8) Perpetrators of mail, telemarketing, and Internet fraud frequently target seniors because seniors are often vulnerable and trusting people. (9) As victims of such fraudulent schemes, many seniors pay a financial cost, having been robbed of their hard-earned life savings, and frequently pay an emotional cost, losing their self-respect and dignity. (10) Perpetrators of fraud targeting seniors often operate outside the United States, reaching their victims through the mail, telephone lines, and the Internet. (11) The Deceptive Mail Prevention and Enforcement Act increased the power of the United States Postal Service to protect consumers against persons who use deceptive mailings,", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01020", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00256", "text": "We report on detections of the high-excitation CO J=6-5, J=4-3 lines in Mrk231, a prototypical Ultra Luminous Infrared Galaxy (ULIRG) and Seyfert 1 QSO. These observations are combined with CO J=3-2, HCN J=4-3 (this work), and CO J=2-1, J=1-0, 13CO J=2-1, HCN J=1-0 measurements taken from the literature to provide better constraints on the properties of the molecular gas in an extreme starburst/QSO in the local Universe. We find that the CO J=4-3 and J=6-5 transitions trace a different gas phase from that dominating the lower three CO transitions, with n(H_2) ~ (1-3)x10^4 cm-3 and Tk ~ (40-70) K. This phase is responsible for the luminous HCN emission, and contains most of the H2 gas mass of this galaxy. The total CO line cooling emanating from this dense phase is found similar to that of the [CII] line at 158 micron, suggesting a very different thermal balance to that seen in lower IR-luminosity galaxies, and one likely dominated by dense photon-dominated regions. Our dense \"sampling\" of the CO rotational ladder and the HCN lines enables us to produce well-constrained Spectral Line Energy Distributions (SLEDs) for the dense molecular gas in Mrk231 and compare them to those of high redshift starbursts, many of which have SLEDs that may be affected by strong lensing. Finally, we use our local molecular line excitation template to assess the capabilities of future cm and mm/sub-mm arrays in detecting CO and HCN transitions in similar systems throughout the local and distant universe.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 382, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00219", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00257", "text": "We present results of 2D hydrodynamic simulations of stellar core collapse, which confirm that the neutrino-heating mechanism remains viable for the explosion of a wider mass range of supernova progenitors with iron cores. We used an energy-dependent treatment of the neutrino transport based on the \"ray-by-ray plus\" approximation, in which the number, energy, and momentum equations are closed with a variable Eddington factor obtained by iteratively solving a model Boltzmann equation. We focus on the evolution of a 15 Msun progenitor and show that shock revival and the explosion are initiated at about 600 ms post bounce, powered by neutrino energy deposition. Similar to previous findings for an 11.2 Msun star, but significantly later, the onset of the explosion is fostered by the standing accretion shock instability (SASI). This instability exhibits highest growth rates for the dipole and quadrupole modes, which lead to large-amplitude bipolar shock oscillations and push the shock to larger radii, thus increasing the time accreted matter is exposed to neutrino heating in the gain layer. Therefore also convective overturn behind the shock is strengthened. A \"soft\" nuclear equation of state that causes a rapid contraction and a smaller radius of the forming neutron star and thus a fast release of gravitational binding energy, seems to be more favorable for an explosion. Rotation has the opposite effect because it leads to a more extended and cooler neutron star and thus lower neutrino luminosities and mean energies and overall less neutrino heating. Neutron star g-mode oscillations and the acoustic mechanism play no important role in our simulations. (abridged)", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00497", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00258", "text": "just put oatmeal on your face instead of spending $24 on this face mask. I wouldn’t. But someone could. I love a sheet mask. I also don’t like spending money on manicures and pedicures regularly so this is a nice in-between pick me up. Again, this is my attempt at a at-home manicure. Some good hand lotion probably would have done the trick just fine. A strong recommend for those with natural hair. My hair is fine and very dry and this is great because I like weighing it down a bit with a heavier butter moisturizer. This stuff is magic. It’s one of those products where, at $34, it’s definitely more expensive than it should be, but not so exorbitant that I won’t waste $10-$15 more than I should on makeup remover. Highlighter had a big year. I can’t say whether this is significantly better than the other million highlighters on the market, but it is excellent. I use Champagne Pop. Another strong recommend on the brush. I wasn’t exactly sure what to look for in a highlighter brush but I’m happy I landed on this one. I prefer it to the fan ones because I don’t have a delicate enough hand to not basically draw a line across my face. This is one of my favorite liquid lipsticks. The shade (Ashton) initially seemed too light for me, but with a dark brown lipliner underneath is one of my favorite nude lip situations. I used to be a big nail polish person and have very much waned in that interest. I’m not sure what possessed me to buy this (in the shade Mayfair Market). It’s a tad goopy, but fine. Behold an example of one of the many times a Sephora sample has worked on me. It tingles, which I love, and my skin definitely feels plumper after using. Looking back I don’t remember this costing damn near $40 especially because it comes in a very small jar, but that’s likely how I got myself in this VIB Rouge situation in the first place. Nothing on Earth smells better than this stuff. It’s your standard sparkly booty cream situation that does not actually tighten your butt—still a nice thing to carry around in the summertime nonetheless. I bought the travel size because I rightfully predicted that I would not need 8 ounces of butt cream. Purchased in the shade Conspiracy which is a metallic finish. I", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00685", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00259", "text": "to such duties. SEC. 3. MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR ISSUANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF ALERTS THROUGH AMBER ALERT COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK. (a) Establishment of Minimum Standards.--Subject to subsection (b), the AMBER Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice shall establish minimum standards for-- (1) the issuance of alerts through the AMBER Alert communications network; and (2) the extent of the dissemination of alerts issued through the network. (b) Limitations.--(1) The minimum standards established under subsection (a) shall be adoptable on a voluntary basis only. (2) The minimum standards shall, to the maximum extent practicable (as determined by the Coordinator in consultation with State and local law enforcement agencies), provide that the dissemination of an alert through the AMBER Alert communications network be limited to the geographic areas most likely to facilitate the recovery of the abducted child concerned. (3) In carrying out activities under subsection (a), the Coordinator may not interfere with the current system of voluntary coordination between local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies for purposes of the AMBER Alert communications network. (c) Cooperation and Consultation.--(1) The Coordinator shall cooperate with the Secretary of Transportation and the Federal Communications Commission in carrying out activities under this section. (2) The Coordinator shall also cooperate with local broadcasters and State and local law enforcement agencies in establishing minimum standards under this section. (3) The Coordinator shall also consult with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children and other private sector entities and organizations (including non-profit organizations) having an expertise in matters relating to the minimum standards to be established under this section in establishing the minimum standards. SEC. 4. GRANT PROGRAM FOR NOTIFICATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ALONG HIGHWAYS FOR RECOVERY OF ABDUCTED CHILDREN. (a) Program Required.--The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a program to provide grants to States for the development or enhancement of notification or communications systems along highways for alerts and other information for the recovery of abducted children. (b) Activities.--Activities funded by grants under the program under subsection (a) may include-- (1) the development or enhancement of electronic message boards along highways and the placement of additional signage along highways; and (2) the development or enhancement of other means of disseminating along highways alerts and other information for the recovery of abducted children. (c) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01077", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00260", "text": "The earliest phases of clustered star formation and the origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) are currently much debated. In order to constrain the origin of the IMF, we investigated the internal and relative motions of starless condensations and protostars previously detected by us in the dust continuum at 1.2mm in the L1688 protocluster of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex. The starless condensations have a mass spectrum resembling the IMF and are therefore likely representative of the initial stages of star formation in the protocluster. We carried out detailed molecular line observations, including some N2H+(1-0) mapping, of the Ophiuchus protocluster condensations using the IRAM 30m telescope. We measured subsonic or at most transonic levels of internal turbulence within the condensations, implying virial masses which generally agree within a factor of ~ 2 with the masses derived from the 1.2mm dust continuum. This supports the notion that most of the L1688 starless condensations are gravitationally bound and prestellar in nature. We measured a global one-dimensional velocity dispersion of less than 0.4 km/s between condensations. This small relative velocity dispersion implies that, in general, the condensations do not have time to interact with one another before evolving into pre-main sequence objects. Our observations support the view that the IMF is partly determined by cloud fragmentation at the prestellar stage. Competitive accretion is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism at the protostellar stage in the Ophiuchus protocluster, but it may possibly govern the growth of starless, self-gravitating condensations initially produced by gravoturbulent fragmentation toward an IMF, Salpeter-like mass spectrum.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 369, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00243", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00261", "text": "Jarrod Dicker, CEO of Po.et, talked with Dan Patterson about how his company uses the blockchain to document media assets. Watch the video, or read the full transcript of their conversation below: Patterson: The decentralized media economy is here. What the heck is a decentralized media economy? Well, surprise, surprise, it runs on the blockchain.... You have worked at The Washington Post, as well as RebelMouse and other media companies. First, why a startup? Why a blockchain startup? And, why Po.et? Dicker: Three of the most frequent questions I get. So why a startup? I think my past three years at The Washington Post have been somewhat startup in a legacy media news organization, and the fact that we were run by Jeff Bezos, who owns the Post. It was an amazing time for news, right, and all news media. There was a lot of momentum and excitement behind all the work that we were doing. Especially when we took it to the tech side. And one thing that I've always focused on throughout my career was how do we build a better model for the business of media, which is what I found extremely hard to do. It's also extremely hard to do within just one media company. So over the past few years, I've been building something at The Washington Post called RED, Research Experimentation Development, where we were building new technologies and systems to use on the Post, off the Post, licensed white label to really help build a better media economy. Then I started really understanding not just the technologies behind blockchain, but the philosophies behind them. The idea of consensus and decentralization. Coincidentally, Po.et approached me in terms of going there, becoming the chief executive officer, and building the team. We could get into how that all went down, but that's how I ended up here now. Patterson: So the blockchain, this is possibly one of the most hyped technologies in recent memory. But it really is useful when you have to stamp a piece of asset, whatever that asset is. No matter whether it's gold and diamonds, or housing and real estate, or in this case, content. So a lot of us in media on the backend, we have content management systems and you can see a log of activity that is not necessarily for the public, but you can see what happens to a particular asset over time. Why is a blockchain good for public pieces of media? And when I say", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 499, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00526", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00262", "text": "States post office; and (C) is addressed to a qualified individual. (3) Mail matter described.--The mail matter described in this paragraph is-- (A) any letter mail not exceeding 13 ounces in weight and having the character of personal correspondence; (B) any sound- or video-recorded communications not exceeding 15 pounds in weight and having the character of personal correspondence; (C) any ground parcel not exceeding 15 pounds in weight; and (D) any bound printed matter not exceeding 15 pounds in weight. (4) Limitations.-- (A) Number.--An individual shall be eligible for 1 voucher for each month in which such individual is a qualified individual. (B) Use.--Any such voucher may not be used-- (i) for more than a single qualified mailing; or (ii) after the earlier of-- (I) the expiration date of such voucher, as designated by the Secretary of Defense; or (II) the last day of the 1-year period referred to in section 4. (5) Coordination rule.--Postal benefits under this Act shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any reduced rates of postage or other similar benefits which might otherwise be available by or under law, including any rates of postage resulting from the application of section 3401(b) of title 39, United States Code. (d) Regulations.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense (in consultation with the Postal Service) shall prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this Act, including-- (1) procedures by which vouchers will be provided or made available (including measures to allow vouchers to reach, in a timely manner, the persons selected by qualified individuals to use the vouchers); and (2) procedures to ensure that the number of vouchers provided or made available with respect to any qualified individual complies with subsection (c)(4)(A). SEC. 3. FUNDING. (a) In General.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Defense a sum determined by the Department of Defense to be equal to the expenses incurred by the Department in providing the benefits described in section 2(c). (b) Transfers to Postal Service.-- (1) Based on estimates.--The Department of Defense shall transfer to the Postal Service, out of any amount so appropriated and in advance of each calendar quarter during which postal benefits under this Act may be", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00974", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00263", "text": "The recent discovery of the first V-type asteroid in the middle belt, (21238) 1995WV7, located at ~2.54 AU, raises the question of whether it came from (4) Vesta or not. In this paper, we present spectroscopic observations indicating the existence of another V-type asteroid at ~2.53 AU, (40521) 1999RL95, and we investigate the possibility that these two asteroids evolved from the Vesta family to their present orbits by drifting in semi-major axis due to the Yarkovsky effect. The main problem with this scenario is that the asteroids need to cross the 3/1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter, which is highly unstable. Combining numerical simulations of the orbital evolution, that include the Yarkovsky effect, with Monte Carlo models, we compute the probability of an asteroid of given diameter D to evolve from the Vesta family and to cross over the 3/1 resonance, reaching a stable orbit in the middle belt. Our results indicate that an asteroid like (21238) 1995WV7 has a low probability of having evolved through this mechanism due to its large size (~5 km). However, the mechanism might explain the orbit of smaller bodies like (40521) 1999RL95 (~3 km), provided that we assume that the Vesta family formed > 3.5 Gy ago. We estimate that about 10% or more of the V-type bodies with D>1 km may come from the Vesta family by crossing over the 3/1 resonance. The remaining 90% must have a different origin.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 331, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00338", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00264", "text": "for, and feasibility of, implementing those recovery actions. (2) Comparison of effectiveness.--In such review, the effectiveness of those actions-- (A) shall be compared to the effectiveness of a Federal salmon recovery strategy that includes, but is not limited to, partial dam removal; and (B) shall be evaluated and compared with respect to whether they are likely to achieve recovery to self- sustaining, harvestable population levels of naturally spawning, wild salmon and steelhead populations listed under section 4(c) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533). (3) Identification of limiting factors.--The analysis shall also identify limiting factors to salmon and steelhead recovery including the impacts of tributary habitat degradation, salmon harvest, hatcheries, and hydropower dams. (4) Global climate change analysis.--The analysis shall also-- (A) identify the effect of global climate change on ocean conditions and on hydrological conditions in the Snake and Columbia Rivers and their salmon and steelhead-bearing tributaries; and (B) examine how such global climate change effects might affect the Federal recovery actions necessary to achieve recovery of naturally spawning, wild salmon and steelhead populations to self-sustaining, harvestable levels. (c) Report.--Not later than 8 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the National Academy of Sciences shall submit a final report on the results of the scientific analysis conducted under this section to the Secretary of Commerce and the Congress. SEC. 4. STUDIES REGARDING REMOVAL OF LOWER SNAKE RIVER DAMS. (a) Study of Assessments of Effects and Costs of Dam Removal.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study reviewing the various assessments that have been conducted by Federal agencies and others regarding the potential effects and costs of partially and fully removing the 4 lower Snake River dams. The Comptroller General's review shall include a comparison of the scope and methodologies used in, findings of, and recommendations made in those studies that have addressed any or all of the following: (1) The economic effects of dam removal and recovered Snake River salmon and steelhead populations for communities near the dams, for communities upstream from the dams, and for downstream and coastal communities, including downstream and coastal communities located within the boundaries of Alaska, California, and Canada. This analysis should include the impacts on commercial fishing, sport fishing, and nonfishing recreation such as boating", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00880", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00265", "text": "In the previous study (Hiremath 2006a), the solar cycle is modeled as a forced and damped harmonic oscillator and from all the 22 cycles (1755-1996), long-term amplitudes, frequencies, phases and decay factor are obtained. Using these physical parameters of the previous 22 solar cycles and by an {\\em autoregressive model}, we predict the amplitude and period of the future fifteen solar cycles. Predicted amplitude of the present solar cycle (23) matches very well with the observations. The period of the present cycle is found to be 11.73 years. With these encouraging results, we also predict the profiles of future 15 solar cycles. Important predictions are : (i) the period and amplitude of the cycle 24 are 9.34 years and 110 ($\\pm 11$), (ii) the period and amplitude of the cycle 25 are 12.49 years and 110 ($\\pm$ 11), (iii) during the cycles 26 (2030-2042 AD), 27 (2042-2054 AD), 34 (2118-2127 AD), 37 (2152-2163 AD) and 38 (2163-2176 AD), the sun might experience a very high sunspot activity, (iv) the sun might also experience a very low (around 60) sunspot activity during cycle 31 (2089-2100 AD) and, (v) length of the solar cycles vary from 8.65 yrs for the cycle 33 to maximum of 13.07 yrs for the cycle 35.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 335, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00032", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00266", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Post-Abortion Depression Research and Care Act of 2007''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds as follows: (1) About 3,000,000 women per year in the United States have an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, and approximately 1,186,000 of these pregnancies end in elective abortion. (2) Abortion can have severe and long-term effects on the mental and emotional well-being of women. Women often experience sadness and guilt following abortions with no one to console them. They may have difficulty in bonding with new babies, become overprotective parents or develop problems in their relationship with their spouses. Problems such as eating disorders, depression, and suicide attempts have also been traced to past abortions. (3) The symptoms of post-abortion depression include bouts of crying, guilt, intense grief or sadness, emotional numbness, eating disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, suicidal urges, anxiety and panic attacks, anger or rage, sexual problems or promiscuity, lowered self esteem, nightmares and sleep disturbance, flashbacks, and difficulty with relationships. (4) Women who aborted a first pregnancy are four times more likely to report substance abuse compared to those who suffered a natural loss of their first pregnancy, and they are five times more likely to report subsequent substance abuse than women who carried to term. (5) Greater thought suppression is associated with experiencing more intrusive thoughts of the abortion. Both suppression and intrusive thoughts, in turn, are positively related to increases in psychological distress over time. (6) Women who experience decision-making difficulties and may lack social support may experience more negative emotional consequences to induced abortion. (7) Post-abortion depression often relates to the lack of understanding in society and the medical community of the complexity of post-abortion depression, and economic pressures placed on hospitals and providers are contributing factors. (8) Social pressure to have an abortion can be directly related to higher levels of immediate regret and more mental undoing over subsequent years. (9) Post-abortion depression is a treatable disorder if promptly diagnosed by a trained provider and attended to with a personalized regimen of care including social support, therapy, medication, and when necessary hospitalization. (10) While there have been many studies regarding the emotional aftermath of abortion, very little research has been sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. (11) A major New Zealand study shows abortion has serious negative consequences for women. Among the", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00927", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00267", "text": "In the context of measuring structure and morphology of intermediate redshift galaxies with recent HST/ACS surveys, we tune, test, and compare two widely used fitting codes (GALFIT and GIM2D) for fitting single-component Sersic models to the light profiles of both simulated and real galaxy data. We find that fitting accuracy depends sensitively on galaxy profile shape. Exponential disks are well fit with Sersic models and have small measurement errors, whereas fits to de Vaucouleurs profiles show larger uncertainties owing to the large amount of light at large radii. We find that both codes provide reliable fits and little systematic error, when the effective surface brightness is above that of the sky. Moreover, both codes return errors that significantly underestimate the true fitting uncertainties, which are best estimated with simulations. We find that GIM2D suffers significant systematic errors for spheroids with close companions owing to the difficulty of effectively masking out neighboring galaxy light; there appears to be no work around to this important systematic in GIM2D's current implementation. While this crowding error affects only a small fraction of galaxies in GEMS, it must be accounted for in the analysis of deeper cosmological images or of more crowded fields with GIM2D. In contrast, GALFIT results are robust to the presence of neighbors because it can simultaneously fit the profiles of multiple companions thereby deblending their effect on the fit to the galaxy of interest. We find GALFIT's robustness to nearby companions and factor of >~20 faster runtime speed are important advantages over GIM2D for analyzing large HST/ACS datasets. Finally we include our final catalog of fit results for all 41,495 objects detected in GEMS.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00069", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00268", "text": "has never been employed by, and has never been contracted to do work for, the Food and Drug Administration or any other agency or office of the Department of Health and Human Services (except to review health claim petitions under section 403D); ``(3) has never been employed by, and has never been contracted to do work for, the health claim petitioner; ``(4) signs an oath pledging to evaluate the health claim petition provided to him or her by the Secretary in strict accordance with the criteria specified in section 403D; ``(5) signs an oath pledging not to discuss with any person the fact that he or she is reviewing the health claim petition or the substance of the petition or the substance of the evaluation before the results of the scientific review are supplied in a complete written evaluation to the Secretary; ``(6) signs an oath pledging to supply complete copies of all publicly available scientific evidence reviewed along with a complete written evaluation of the health claim to the Secretary no later than 180 days after receipt of the health claim petition from the Secretary; and ``(7) signs an oath pledging to exercise independent professional judgment, free of any external influence and any unscientific bias that might interfere with the objective evaluation of the health claim.''. SEC. 5. HEALTH CLAIMS. Section 403(r) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343(r)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (1)-- (A) in the matter preceding clause (A)-- (i) by striking ``food intended'' and inserting ``food or dietary supplement intended''; and (ii) by striking ``food which'' and inserting ``food or dietary supplement which''; and (B) in clause (B)-- (i) by inserting after ``health-related condition'' the following: ``(including any statement that the nutrient prevents, treats, or cures a disease)''; and (ii) by striking ``or (5)(D)''; (2) in subparagraph (3), by amending clause (B) to read as follows: ``(B)(i) The Secretary shall promulgate no later than 30 days after receiving an evaluation from an Independent Scientific Reviewer regulations that authorize use on labels and in labeling of all claims of the type described in subparagraph (1)(B) recommended for approval by the Independent Scientific Reviewer together with such disclaimer or disclaimers as the Independent Scientific Reviewer may also recommend. ``(", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01055", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00269", "text": "We carried out a target survey for Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) around QSO SDSS J0211-0009 at z=4.87. The deep and wide broadband and narrowband imaging simultaneously revealed the perspective structure of these two high-z populations. The LBGs without Ly-alpha emission form a filamentary structure including the QSO, while the LAEs are distributed around the QSO but avoid it within a distance of ~4.5Mpc. On the other hand, we serendipitously discovered a protocluster with a significant concentration of LBGs and LAEs where no strongly UV ionizing source such as a QSO or radio galaxy is known to exist. In this cluster field, two populations are spatially cross-correlated with each other. The relative spatial distribution of LAEs to LBGs is in stark contrast between the QSO and the cluster fields. We also found a weak trend showing that the number counts based on Ly-alpha and UV continuum fluxes of LAEs in the QSO field are slightly lower than in the cluster field, whereas the number counts of LBGs are almost consistent with each other. The LAEs avoid the nearby region around the QSO where the local UV background radiation could be ~100 times stronger than the average for the epoch. The clustering segregation between LBGs and LAEs seen in the QSO field could be due to either enhanced early galaxy formation in an overdense environment having caused all the LAEs to evolve into LBGs, or local photoionization due to the strong UV radiation from the QSO effectively causing a deficit in low-mass galaxies like LAEs.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00060", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00270", "text": "- quality research findings or positive evaluation that such program, practice, technology, or equipment is likely to improve relevant outcomes, and includes ongoing efforts to examine the effects of the program, practice, technology, or equipment; or ``(C) in the case of technology or equipment, demonstrates that use of the technology or equipment is-- ``(i) consistent with best practices for school security, including-- ``(I) applicable standards for school security established by a Federal or State government agency; and ``(II) findings and recommendations of public commissions and task forces established to make recommendations or set standards for school security; and ``(ii) compliant with all applicable codes, including building and life safety codes; and ``(5) the term `tribal organization' has the same meaning given the term in section 4(l) of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304(l)).''; and (5) in section 2705-- (A) by striking ``There are'' and inserting the following: ``(a) In General.--There are''; (B) by striking ``part $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2009'' and inserting the following: ``part-- ``(1) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and ``(2) $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2028.''; and (C) by adding at the end the following: ``(b) Offset.--Any funds appropriated under this section may be offset by an equal reduction in the funds appropriated, if any, for the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative of the National Institute of Justice. ``(c) Rules of Construction.-- ``(1) None of the funds appropriated to carry out this part may be used to provide firearms or training in the use of firearms. ``(2) Nothing in this part shall be construed to prohibit any other existing or future law from permitting or funding the provision of firearms or training in the use of firearms.''.", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 411, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01089", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00271", "text": "SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — North Korea has cancelled one of the key joint cooperation projects with South Korea planned for next month's Winter Olympics, officials said, further proving the delicate nature of ties between the rivals split for seven decades. North Korea on Monday night sent a message saying it won't hold a joint cultural event at the North's Diamond Mountain on Feb. 4 to mark the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, according to Seoul's Unification Ministry. The ministry cited North Korea as saying it has no other option but to cancel the project because of South Korean media reports that it says defamed its \"sincere\" measures for the Olympics. The North also accused South Korean media of picking a fight over an unspecified domestic festival in North Korea, according to the ministry statement. The statement said South Korea considers the North's decision \"very regrettable.\" The North didn't say which media reports were at issue. But some reports had criticized the North's plan to stage a major event to mark the 70th anniversary of the founding of its military on Feb. 8, just one day before the Olympics' opening ceremony. South Korean officials have said the North plans a massive military parade on the anniversary. It's not clear how the latest development would affect other planned Olympics-related cooperation projects between the Koreas. They agreed to field a joint women's hockey team and have their athletes parade together under a single flag during the Feb. 9 opening ceremony. A dozen North Korean hockey players arrived in South Korea last week to practice with their South Korean teammates. North Korea has a history of last-minute cancellations and unexplained reversals, and some experts say it might have sought to gain concessions from the South. The visit earlier this month of a prominent band leader to inspect artistic venues in the South was delayed by North Korea but eventually took place. The Koreas' current reconciliation mood followed a year of heightened animosities over North Korea's nuclear program. Many analysts say the North may want to use improved ties with South Korea to weaken U.S.-led international pressure and sanctions on the country.", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 428, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00724", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00272", "text": "The bipolar HH 212 outflow has been mapped in SiO using the extended configuration of the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI), revealing a highly collimated SiO jet closely associated with the H2 jet component. We study at unprecedented resolution (0.34\" across the jet axis) the properties of the innermost SiO ``microjet'' within 1000 AU of this young Class 0 source, to compare it with atomic microjets from more evolved sources and to constrain its origin. The SiO channel maps are used to investigate the microjet collimation and velocity structure. A large velocity gradient analysis is applied to SiO (2-1), (5-4) and (8-7) data from the PdBI and the Submillimeter Array to constrain the SiO opacity and abundance. The HH212 Class 0 microjet shows striking similarities in collimation and energetic budget with atomic microjets from T Tauri sources. Furthermore, the SiO lines appear optically thick, unlike what is generally assumed. We infer T(kin) ~ 50-500 K and an SiO/H2 abundance greater than 4 10(-8)-6 10(-5) for n(H2) = 10(7)-10(5) cm(-3), i.e. 0.05-90% of the elemental silicon. This similar jet width, regardless of the presence of a dense envelope, definitely rules out jet collimation by external pressure, and favors a common MHD self-collimation (and possibly acceleration) process at all stages of star formation. We propose that the more abundant SiO in Class 0 jets could mainly result from rapid (less than 25 yrs) molecular synthesis at high jet densities.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 363, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00072", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00273", "text": "A space-based gravitational microlensing exoplanet survey will provide a statistical census of exoplanets with masses down to 0.1 Earth-masses and orbital separations ranging from 0.5AU to infinity. This includes analogs to all the Solar System's planets except for Mercury, as well as most types of planets predicted by planet formation theories. Such a survey will provide results on the frequency of planets around all types of stars except those with short lifetimes. Close-in planets with separations < 0.5 AU are invisible to a space-based microlensing survey, but these can be found by Kepler. Other methods, including ground-based microlensing, cannot approach the comprehensive statistics on the mass and semi-major axis distribution of extrasolar planets that a space-based microlensing survey will provide. The terrestrial planet sensitivity of a ground-based microlensing survey is limited to the vicinity of the Einstein radius at 2-3 AU, and space-based imaging is needed to identify and determine the mass of the planetary host stars for the vast majority of planets discovered by microlensing. Thus, a space-based microlensing survey is likely to be the only way to gain a comprehensive understanding of the nature of planetary systems, which is needed to understand planet formation and habitability. The proposed Microlensing Planet Finder (MPF) mission is an example of a space-based microlensing survey that can accomplish these objectives with proven technology and a cost that fits comfortably under the NASA Discovery Program cost cap.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 306, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00007", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00274", "text": "We present the results of SiO millimeter-line observations of a sample of known SiO maser sources covering a wide dust-temperature range. A cold part of the sample was selected from the SiO maser sources found in our recent SiO maser survey of cold dusty objects. The aim of the present research is to investigate the causes of the correlation between infrared colors and SiO maser intensity ratios among different transition lines. In particular, the correlation between infrared colors and SiO maser intensity ratio among the J=1-0 v=1, 2, and 3 lines are mainly concerned in this paper. We observed in total 75 SiO maser sources with the Nobeyama 45m telescope quasi-simultaneously in the SiO J=1-0 v=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and J=2-1 v=1, 2 lines. We also observed the sample in the 29SiO J=1-0 v=0 and J=2-1 v=0, and 30SiO J=1-0 v=0 lines, and the H2O 6(1,6)-5(2,3) line. As reported in previous papers, we confirmed that the intensity ratios of the SiO J=1-0 v=2 to v=1 lines clearly correlate with infrared colors. In addition, we found possible correlation between infrared colors and the intensity ratios of the SiO J=1-0 v=3 to v=1&2 lines. Two overlap lines of H2O (i.e., 11(6,6) nu_2=1 -> 12(7,5) nu_2=0 and 5(0,5) nu_2=2 -> 6(3,4) nu_2=1) might explain these correlation if these overlap lines become stronger with increase of infrared colors, although the phenomena also might be explained by more fundamental ways if we take into account the variation of opacity from object to object.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 427, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00225", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00275", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Violence Prevention Training for Early Childhood Educators Act''. SEC. 2. PURPOSE. The purpose of this Act is to provide grants to institutions of higher education and qualified entities that carry out early childhood education training programs to enable the institutions of higher education and qualified entities to include violence prevention training as part of the preparation of individuals pursuing careers in early childhood development and education. SEC. 3. FINDINGS. Congress makes the following findings: (1) Aggressive behavior in early childhood is the single best predictor of aggression in later life. (2) Aggressive and defiant behavior predictive of later delinquency is increasing among our Nation's youngest children. Without prevention efforts, higher percentages of children are likely to become violent juvenile offenders. (3) Research has demonstrated that aggression is primarily a learned behavior that develops through observation, imitation, and direct experience. Therefore, children who experience violence as victims or as witnesses are at increased risk of becoming violent themselves. (4) In a study at a Boston city hospital, 1 out of every 10 children seen in the primary care clinic had witnessed a shooting or a stabbing before the age of 6, with 50 percent of the children witnessing in the home and 50 percent of the children witnessing in the streets. (5) A study in New York found that children who had been victims of violence within their families were 24 percent more likely to report violent behavior as adolescents, and adolescents who had grown up in families where partner violence occurred were 21 percent more likely to experience violent delinquency than individuals not exposed to violence. (6) Aggression can become well-learned and difficult to change by the time a child reaches adolescence. Early childhood offers a critical period for overcoming risk for violent behavior and providing support for prosocial behavior. (7) Violence prevention programs for very young children yield economic benefits. By providing health and stability to the individual child and the child's family, the programs may reduce expenditures for medical care, special education, and involvement with the judicial system. (8) Primary prevention can be effective. When preschool teachers teach young children interpersonal problem-solving skills and other forms of conflict resolution, children are less likely to demonstrate problem behaviors. (9) There is evidence that family support programs in families with children from birth through 5 years of age are effective in preventing delinquency. SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. For purposes of", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00980", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00276", "text": "Using high-resolution UV spectra of 16 low-z QSOs, we study the physical conditions and statistics of O VI absorption in the IGM at z < 0.5. We identify 51 intervening (z_{abs} << z_{QSO}) O VI systems comprised of 77 individual components, and we find 14 \"proximate\" systems (z_{abs} ~ z_{QSO}) containing 34 components. For intervening systems [components] with rest-frame equivalent width W_{r} > 30 mA, the number of O VI absorbers per unit redshift dN/dz = 15.6(+2.9/-2.4) [21.0(+3.2/-2.8)], and this decreases to dN/dz = 0.9(+1.0/-0.5) [0.3(+0.7/-0.3)] for W_{r} > 300 mA. The number per redshift increases steeply as z_{abs} approaches z_{QSO}, and some proximate absorbers have substantially lower H I/O VI ratios. The lower proximate ratios could be partially due to ionization effects but also require higher metallicities. We find that 37% of the intervening O VI absorbers have velocity centroids that are well-aligned with corresponding H I absorption. If the O VI and the H I trace the same gas, the relatively small differences in line widths imply the absorbers are cool with T < 10^{5} K. Most of these well-aligned absorbers have the characteristics of metal-enriched photoionized gas. However, the O VI in the apparently simple and cold systems could be associated with a hot phase with T ~ 10^{5.5} K if the metallicity is high enough to cause the associated broad Ly alpha absorption to be too weak to detect. We show that 53% of the intervening O VI systems are complex multiphase absorbers that can accommodate both lower metallicity collisionally-ionized gas with T > 10^{5} K and cold photoionzed gas.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 431, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00235", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00277", "text": "is to log into the online version of SharePoint, navigate to the folder you want to sync, and then click the sync button. If you are not using the latest OneDrive software, the system will prompt you for permission to upgrade. But before you do, be sure to synchronize all your documents so that what is online is up to date and what you want propagated across devices. After that, uninstall whatever OneDrive you have installed on your devices. This is your best chance for a clean install of the software. If you don't, you could end up like me—inadvertently running two versions of OneDrive. SEE: 30 things you should never do in Microsoft Office (free TechRepublic PDF) Exorcising the ghost of OneDrive's Past If you do find your device is running two versions of OneDrive, you may find that clicking the inviting Uninstall button in the Start Menu (Figure B) just doesn't work. In my case, that link just took me to the application list, where the only OneDrive application that could be removed was the new version—there was no separate entry for OneDrive for Business. Figure B My assumption was that there were remnants of entries buried deep inside the Windows Registry that were continuing to call upon the old application. I tried changing the name of the old OneDrive app, but that just caused errors. My internet research suggested using a third-party app like CCleaner, but I was not sure which entries to delete and which to leave alone. Obviously, something else had to be done. I decided to use the Group Policy Editor to try to reestablish the correct OneDrive parameters. Here are the steps to take. First, right-click on the Windows 10 Start Menu and click the Command Prompt (Admin) menu entry. Type this application name at the prompt and press Enter: gpedit.msc That will open the Group Editor. Next, navigate to this entry: Computer Configuration | Administrative Templates | Windows Components | OneDrive You should see a screen similar to Figure C. Figure C Double-click Prevent The Usage Of OneDrive For File Storage to reach the dialog box shown in Figure D. Figure D Click the Enabled button, click OK, and reboot your device. When that reboot is complete, there should be no OneDrive application running and no icon in the system tray. Now repeat the process but change the dialog box setting shown in Figure D back to Not Configured and reboot again. This little trick fixed my ghost in", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00567", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00278", "text": "After a brief cold snap moved into the region last week, temperatures have been about 20 degrees above normal, according to the National Weather Service. Highs statewide have lingered in the high 30s this week and are expected to climb into the low and mid-40s by the weekend, according to the National Weather Service. \"We have gotten into the 44 to 51 range for this week of February,\" NWS meteorologist Peter Speicher said of past weather readings. \"We've been as warm as 51 back in 2000. It's not totally uncommon, but it's still well above seasonal norms.\" An extended outlook from NWS favors above-normal temperatures next week for most of the country except for the West Coast and Alaska. Records possible Some cities have a shot of setting record highs next week, and for Grand Forks, Sunday's record high could be the easiest to break. The city's high temperature record for Feb. 19, set last year, was 44 at the Grand Forks International Airport, and Speicher said Sunday's forecast calls for a high of 45 degrees. \"That would be the easiest to break,\" Speicher said. No high records have been set in February so far this year. Above-freezing temperatures could be good news for southern and western parts of North Dakota. The warm weather should speed up snowmelt, helping to remove excess moisture from river basins along watersheds. Fields in the southern part of the Red River Valley have little snow compared with the Red River of the North starting near Hillsboro. Paths could open up as the snow melts, taking the excess water to rivers, streams and lakes. Areas should be on the lookout for rising water levels, but the melt taking off that excess water from snowpack slowly could help alleviate flooding in the spring, according to the NWS. Less snow could mean less moisture that could flow over the plains. \"Anything helps,\" Speicher said. \"It definitely helps that we are going back below freezing at night because that slows the flow rate down.\" Devils Lake Basin In the Devils Lake Basin, they could see above-freezing temperatures Wednesday and into the weekend, with some days going above 40 degrees. A slow melt can't hurt the Devils Lake Basin, said Jeff Frith, manager of the Devils lake Basin Joint Water Resource Board. The region surrounding the 150,000-acre lake likely will see major flooding due to heavy snow and saturated soil from", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00602", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00279", "text": "The two-dimensional kinetic Ising model, when exposed to an oscillating applied magnetic field, has been shown to exhibit a nonequilibrium, second-order dynamic phase transition (DPT), whose order parameter Q is the period-averaged magnetization. It has been established that this DPT falls in the same universality class as the equilibrium phase transition in the two-dimensional Ising model in zero applied field. Here we study for the first time the scaling of the dynamic order parameter with respect to a nonzero, period-averaged, magnetic `bias' field, H_b, for a DPT produced by a square-wave applied field. We find evidence that the scaling exponent, \\delta_d, of H_b at the critical period of the DPT is equal to the exponent for the critical isotherm, \\delta_e, in the equilibrium Ising model. This implies that H_b is a significant component of the field conjugate to Q. A finite-size scaling analysis of the dynamic order parameter above the critical period provides further support for this result. We also demonstrate numerically that, for a range of periods and values of H_b in the critical region, a fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR), with an effective temperature T_{eff}(T, P, H_0) depending on the period, and possibly the temperature and field amplitude, holds for the variables Q and H_b. This FDR justifies the use of the scaled variance of Q as a proxy for the nonequilibrium susceptibility, \\partial<Q> / \\partial H_b, in the critical region.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 321, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00021", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00280", "text": "Although the spectrum of a prototypical early-type galaxy is assumed to lack emission lines, a substantial fraction (likely as high as 30%) of nearby red sequence galaxy spectra contain emission lines with line ratios characteristic of low ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs). We use spectra of ~6000 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in a narrow redshift slice (0.06 < z < 0.08) to compare the stellar populations of red sequence galaxies with and without LINER-like emission. The spectra are binned by internal velocity dispersion and by emission properties to produce high S/N stacked spectra. The recent stellar population models of R. Schiavon (2007) make it possible to measure ages, [Fe/H], and individual elemental abundance ratios [Mg/Fe], [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [Ca/Fe] for each of the stacked spectra. We find that red sequence galaxies with strong LINER-like emission are systematically 2-3.5 Gyr (10-40%) younger than their emission-free counterparts at the same velocity dispersion. This suggests a connection between the mechanism powering the emission (whether AGN, post-AGB stars, shocks, or cooling flows) and more recent star formation in the galaxy. We find that mean stellar age and [Fe/H] increase with velocity dispersion for all galaxies. Elemental abundance [Mg/Fe] increases modestly with velocity dispersion in agreement with previous results, and [C/Fe] and [N/Fe] increase more strongly with velocity dispersion than does [Mg/Fe]. [Ca/Fe] appears to be roughly solar for all galaxies. At fixed velocity dispersion, galaxies with fainter r-band luminosities have lower [Fe/H] and older ages but similar abundance ratios compared to brighter galaxies.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 375, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00346", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00281", "text": "a contract with an independent research organization under which such organization, in accordance with this section, conducts an evaluation of the demonstration projects, individually and as a group, conducted under this Act. (b) Research Questions.--In evaluating a demonstration project conducted under this Act, the organization described in subsection (a) shall address the following: (1) What activities and uses most effectively involve project participants in the activities and uses under this Act (with effectiveness measured, for example, by duration of participation, frequency of participation, and intensity of participation). (2) What activities and uses are most effective in preventing or removing violent crime and drug trafficking from a target community. (3) What activities and uses are most effective in supporting or promoting economic development in a target community. (4) What activities and uses are most effective in increasing coordination and assistance between project participants and with the local police department. (5) What activities and uses are most effective in preventing or ending retaliation by perpetrators of crime against project participants. (c) Funding.--Of the funds appropriated under this Act, the Secretary shall set aside not less than 1 percent and not more than 3 percent for the evaluations required under this section. (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 6 months after the date on which the last grant under this Act terminates, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of the Congress a summary of each evaluation conducted under this section. SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act, $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act: (1) Community.--The term ``community'' means a contiguous geographic area within a large urban district or encompassing a small urban or other nonurban area. (2) Drug trafficking.--The term ``drug trafficking'' means any offense that could be prosecuted under the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801, et seq.). (3) Economic development.--The term ``economic development'' means revitalization and development activities, including business, commercial, housing, and employment activities, that benefit a community and its residents. (4) Grantee.--The term ``grantee'' means a qualified entity that receives a grant under this Act. (5) Project participant.--The term ``project participant''", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01090", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00282", "text": "Context: Ly-alpha-emitters have proven to be excellent probes of faint, star-forming galaxies in the high redshift universe. However, although the sample of known emitters is increasingly growing, their nature (e.g. stellar masses, ages, metallicities, star-formation rates) is still poorly constrained. Aims: We aim to study the nature of Ly-alpha-emitters, to find the properties of a typical Ly-alpha-emitting galaxy and to compare these properties with the properties of other galaxies at similar redshift, in particular Lyman-break galaxies. Methods: We have performed narrow-band imaging at the VLT, focused on Ly-alpha at redshift z ~ 3.15, in the GOODS-S field. We have identified a sample of Ly-alpha-emitting candidates, and we have studied their Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). Results: We find that the emitters are best fit by an SED with low metallicity (Z/Z_sun = 0.005), low dust extinction (A_V ~ 0.32) and medium stellar masses of approximately 10^9 M_sun. The age is not very well constrained. One object out of 24 appears to be a high redshift Ly-alpha-emitting dusty starburst galaxy. We find filamentary structure as traced by the Ly-alpha-emitters at the 4 sigma level. The rest-frame UV SED of these galaxies is very similar to that of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) and comply with the selection criteria for U-band drop-outs, except they are intrinsically fainter than the current limit for LBGs. Conclusion: Ly-alpha-emitters are excellent probes of galaxies in the distant universe, and represent a class of star-forming, dust and AGN free, medium mass objects.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 364, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00230", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00283", "text": "We present observations with the new 11 GHz radiometer of the COSMOSOMAS experiment at the Teide Observatory (Tenerife). The sky region between 0 deg <= RA <= 360 deg and 26 deg <= DEC 49 deg (ca. 6500 square degrees) was observed with an angular resolution of 0.9 deg. Two orthogonal independent channels in the receiving system measured total power signals from linear polarizations with a 2 GHz bandwidth. Maps with an average sensitivity of 50 microK per beam have been obtained for each channel. At high Galactic latitude (|b|>30deg) the 11 GHz data are found to contain the expected cosmic microwave background as well as extragalactic radiosources, galactic synchrotron and free-free emission, and a dust-correlated component which is very likely of galactic origin. At the angular scales allowed by the window function of the experiment, the dust-correlated component presents an amplitude \\Delta T aprox. 9-13 microK while the CMB signal is of order 27 microK. The spectral behaviour of the dust-correlated signal is examined in the light of previous COSMOSOMAS data at 13-17 GHz and WMAP data at 22-94 GHz in the same sky region. We detect a flattening in the spectral index of this signal below 20 GHz which rules out synchrotron radiation as being responsible for the emission. This anomalous dust emission can be described by a combination of free-free emission and spinning dust models with a flux density peaking around 20 GHz.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 326, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00253", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00284", "text": "Phenomenologically viable and interesting regions of parameter space in the minimal super-gravity (mSUGRA) model with small $m_0$ and small $m_{1/2}$ consistent with the WMAP data on dark matter relic density and the bound on the mass of the lightest Higgs scalar $ m_h>$ 114 GeV from LEP2 open up if the rather adhoc assumption $A_0$=0, where $A_0$ is the common trilinear soft breaking parameter, employed in most of the existing analyses is relaxed. Since this region corresponds to relatively light squarks and gluinos which are likely to be probed extensively in the very early stages of the LHC experiments, the consequences of moderate or large negative values of $A_0$ are examined in detail. We find that in this region several processes including lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) pair annihilation, LSP - lighter tau slepton (${\\tilde \\tau}_1$) coannihilation and LSP - lighter top squark (${\\tilde t}_1$) coannihilation contribute to the observed dark matter relic density. %\\sout{The possibility that a relic density producing ${\\tilde t}_1$ can be %observed at the current experiments at the Tevatron is wide open.} The possibility that a ${\\tilde t}_1$ that can participate in coannihilation with the lightest neutralino to satisfy the WMAP bound on relic density and at the same time be observed at the current experiments at the Tevatron is wide open. At the LHC a large number of squark - gluino events lead to a very distinctive semi-inclusive signature $\\tau^\\pm$+X$_\\tau$ (anything without a tau lepton) with a characteristic size much larger than $e^\\pm$+X$_e$ or $\\mu^\\pm$+X$_\\mu$ events.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 404, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00123", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00285", "text": "Luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) dominate the star formation rate budget of the universe at z > 1, yet no local measurements of their heavy element abundances exist. We measure nuclear or near-nuclear oxygen abundances in a sample of 100 star-forming LIRGs and ULIRGs using new, previously published, and archival spectroscopy of strong emission lines (including [O II] 3727, 3729 A) in galaxies with redshifts <z> ~ 0.1. When compared to local emission-line galaxies of similar luminosity and mass (using the near-infrared luminosity-metallicity and mass-metallicity relations), we find that LIRGs and ULIRGs are under-abundant by a factor of two on average. As a corollary, LIRGs and ULIRGs also have smaller effective yields. We conclude that the observed under-abundance results from the combination of a decrease of abundance with increasing radius in the progenitor galaxies and strong, interaction- or merger-induced gas inflow into the galaxy nucleus. This conclusion demonstrates that local abundance scaling relations are not universal, a fact that must be accounted for when interpreting abundances earlier in the universe's history when merger-induced star formation was the dominant mode. We use our local sample to compare to high-redshift samples and assess abundance evolution in LIRGs and ULIRGs. We find that abundances in these systems increased by ~0.2 dex from z ~ 0.6 to z ~ 0.1. Evolution from z ~ 2 submillimeter galaxies to z ~ 0.1 ULIRGs also appears to be present, though uncertainty due to spectroscopic limitations is large.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 358, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00462", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00286", "text": "based on that transparency and reputation. Even if you're going to eat something, right. Truth could be subjective, information could be subjective. Like the same way that you would look at maybe the back of a carton of milk and say, \"Okay, there's a lot of fat, but I'm cool with it.\" Or, you may say, \"No, like I don't want all that fat.\" But when it comes to information and transparency, that doesn't really exist. So I think this idea of building reputation for creators, not just to say, \"That this creator tells the truth and this creator doesn't tell the truth.\" But just give transparency as to the way that they navigate it- Patterson: Yeah, ownership and the attribution- Dicker: Exactly. Patterson: Yeah. Dicker: Exactly, and be able to see, has it been fact checked? Right, who has seen it? Has this person published before? They've taken this picture in Sri Lanka, are they actually in Sri Lanka? Right, or are they in New Jersey? So I think that sort of information really is applicable, especially nowadays, when it comes to deep fakes and people putting information out there, to really just get more exposure and transparency to the end consumer, so that they can make decisions on their own based on what they're consuming. Patterson: Yeah, so the obvious use cases could be say, iStock photo and allowing creators to control the assets that are there. But also social media, as well as news content, or almost any piece of content where an exchange of trust has to happen. And really what you're talking about with transparency, is the exchange of trust equity. And being able to say, \"This is the process by which a particular asset exists in an ecosystem, and you can vet and verify it using the blockchain.\" So you use the Ethereum blockchain. Dicker: We use the ERC-20. Patterson: Yeah, so explain to me how that applies to Po.et, not just in terms of content, but you are building a content library. Why did you elect to use Ethereum? What are some of the advantages of that? And, is this the next emerging hot blockchain? Dicker: So I want to back up and just make it clear. We stamp on the Bitcoin blockchain because it's the most secure blockchain. We leverage Ethereum for ERC-20 tokens because Po.et is a token dynamic-type model. In that,", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00529", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00287", "text": "the school to be needed by the school in providing education in grades K-12 in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics, including teaching courses of instruction at such school in any such area. ``(6) Defense dependents' education system.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `defense dependents' education system' means the program established and operated under the Defense Dependents' Education Act of 1978 (20 U.S.C. 921 et seq.). ``(d) STEM Teacher Externship Expenses.--For purposes of this section-- ``(1) In general.--The term `STEM teacher externship expenses' means any amount paid or incurred to carry out a STEM externship program of the taxpayer but only to the extent that such amount is attributable to the participation in such program of any eligible STEM teacher, including amounts paid to such a teacher as a stipend while participating in such program. ``(2) STEM externship program.--The term `STEM externship program' means any program-- ``(A) established by a taxpayer engaged in a trade or business within an area of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics, and ``(B) under which eligible STEM teachers receive training to enhance their teaching skills in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics or otherwise improve their knowledge in such areas. ``(3) Eligible stem teacher.--The term `eligible STEM teacher' means any individual-- ``(A) who is a teacher in grades K-12 at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii) which is located in the United States or which is located on a United States military base outside the United States, and ``(B) whose teaching responsibilities at such school include, or are likely to include, any course in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. ``(e) STEM Teacher Training Expenses.--The term `STEM teacher training expenses' means any amount paid or incurred by a taxpayer engaged in a trade or business within an area of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics which is attributable to the participation of any eligible STEM teacher in a regular training program provided to employees of the taxpayer which is determined by such teacher's school as enhancing such teacher's teaching skills in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. ``(f) Denial of Double Benefit.--No deduction shall be allowed under this chapter for any amount allowed as a credit under this section.''. (b) Conforming Amendments.-- (", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00921", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00288", "text": "This book is a collection of papers dedicated to the memory of Yehuda Vardi. Yehuda was the chair of the Department of Statistics of Rutgers University when he passed away unexpectedly on January 13, 2005. On October 21--22, 2005, some 150 leading scholars from many different fields, including statistics, telecommunications, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, biostatistics and epidemiology, gathered at Rutgers in a conference in his honor. This conference was on ``Complex Datasets and Inverse Problems: Tomography, Networks, and Beyond,'' and was organized by the editors. The present collection includes research work presented at the conference, as well as contributions from Yehuda's colleagues. The theme of the conference was networks and other important and emerging areas of research involving incomplete data and statistical inverse problems. Networks are abundant around us: communication, computer, traffic, social and energy are just a few examples. As enormous amounts of network data are collected in this information age, the field has attracted a great amount of attention from researchers in statistics and computer engineering as well as telecommunication providers and various government agencies. However, few statistical tools have been developed for analyzing network data as they are typically governed by time-varying and mutually dependent communication protocols sitting on complicated graph-structured network topologies. Many prototypical applications in these and other important technologies can be viewed as statistical inverse problems with complex, massive, high-dimensional and possibly biased/incomplete data. This unifying theme of inverse problems is particularly appropriate for a conference and volume dedicated to the memory of Yehuda. Indeed he made influential contributions to these fields, especially in medical tomography, biased data, statistical inverse problems, and network tomography.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 348, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00448", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00289", "text": "We derive the basic properties of seven Galactic open clusters containing Cepheids and construct their period-luminosity (P-L) relations. For our cluster main-sequence fitting we extend previous Hyades-based empirical color-temperature corrections to hotter stars using the Pleiades as a template. We use BVI_{C}JHK_{s} data to test the reddening law, and include metallicity effects to perform a more comprehensive study for our clusters than prior efforts. The ratio of total to selective extinction R_V that we derive is consistent with expectations. Assuming the LMC P-L slopes, we find <M_V> = -3.93 +/- 0.07 (statistical) +/- 0.14 (systematic) for 10-day period Cepheids, which is generally fainter than those in previous studies. Our results are consistent with recent HST and Hipparcos parallax studies when using the Wesenheit magnitudes W(VI). Uncertainties in reddening and metallicity are the major remaining sources of error in the V-band P-L relation, but a higher precision could be obtained with deeper optical and near-infrared cluster photometry. We derive distances to NGC4258, the LMC, and M33 of (m - M)_0 = 29.28 +/- 0.10, 18.34 +/- 0.06, and 24.55 +/- 0.28, respectively, with an additional systematic error of 0.16 mag in the P-L relations. The distance to NGC4258 is in good agreement with the geometric distance derived from water masers [\\Delta (m - M)_0 = 0.01 +/- 0.24]; our value for M33 is less consistent with the distance from an eclipsing binary [\\Delta (m - M)_0 = 0.37 +/- 0.34]; our LMC distance is moderately shorter than the adopted distance in the HST Key Project, which formally implies an increase in the Hubble constant of 7% +/- 8%.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 422, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00382", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00290", "text": "It might be hard to believe, but Texas’s voting maps, those lines that decide where your representative district is and what seat you’re voting for, have been in flux for the past six years. As heard on Texas Public Radio Large swaths of the state from Dallas to San Antonio out towards El Paso have had their congressional and state House districts disputed since 2011. That’s when the state’s Republican-led legislature re-drew the maps. The Texas Constitution requires the state legislature re-draw these districts after each census, to make sure these geographic boundaries contain the same amount of people. Minority advocacy groups did not like those 2011 maps, and said they were deliberately designed to negatively affect African American and Latino voters. Cue lawsuits, court battles, and then just last month a panel of federal judges ruled three Texas congressional districts were illegal. So after all these years, it’s not surprising many Texans feel like Lelena Fisher, a graphic designer from Austin. Here’s what she told us: “I’ve been wondering about the status of Texas’ redistricting? With all the drawn and redrawn maps, the court cases and all the time that has passed, it’s easy to lose track of this fundamental important issue, Fisher says. To understand where we’re headed, let’s look at where we’ve been. Minority advocacy groups sued the state in response to the maps the Texas legislature approved in 2011. But the 2012 election was just around the corner, so a federal court implemented its own interim maps. The legislature liked those maps, and officially adopted them during the 2013 legislative session. Problem solved, right? No. People like former state-Rep. Trey Martinez Fisher says those maps still intentionally diluted what had been traditional concentrations of Latino and African American voters. “In this instance they said ‘well lets draw some districts that look like minority opportunity districts but they’ll never have the opportunity because we can tell from election data that it will never elect a candidate of its choice,” Fisher says. Cue another lawsuit. Martinez Fisher sits on the board of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus and led that 2013 lawsuit against the state. Republican lawmakers disputed the lawsuit’s claims. They said the maps the court had drawn were sufficient and should stand. Since then the issue has kind of been in limbo. When Texans voted for their statehouse and congressional reps in 2014, they used those maps. The case just sitting in federal court until this past", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00665", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00291", "text": "’t generally like wipes but I think my rational was that this was better than makeup remover in terms of potential spillage. Sure. Another foot mask experiment that I assume I grabbed while waiting in line for another purchase. I later went back and bought it again, so I guess I was satisfied the first time. Not a lot of thoughts on this travel-sized hairspray. Nothing has been better for my face than these magic drops. I mix it in with my liquid foundation and it’s probably 60 percent of the reason why people are always asking me about or commenting on my skin. The secret is out. You are welcome. Mac’s Ruby Woo lipstick quite literally changed my life. Over the past couple years, I haven’t worn red lipstick as much but this was my attempt to get back in the habit. It’s some special edition shade called Chimps and is now sold out. I bought this eyeliner and got confused about which brush I bought because Sephora sells about eight different types of liquid eyeliner all with slightly different brush shapes. I don’t love the brush—it’s a bit flimsy—but I was too lazy to return it. A beautiful brown woman was my waitress one evening and was wearing this lipstick in Lola. I always assumed the shade would be too light for me but she convinced me and it’s amazing. Kat Von D can make a lipstick. The $50 Dr. Jart Ceramidin cream wasn’t really feeling worth it. My skin was moisturized, sure but nothing revolutionary was going on. And it costs $50. This is a nice alternative. More wipes, apparently. For some reason I purchased this nail polish again in a red that is now sold out. I can’t remember ever using it. A great brow pencil for a light brow day. Should have just bought the big bottle. I find it hard to know when exactly to replace Beauty Blenders but at a certain point I could tell that mine was very gross. At the time of this purchase, I was $1 away from qualifying for VIB Rouge status so I just decided to just give myself up to the inevitable. Over the year I bought eight of these Sephora eye masks which I like to use after a flight even though I can’t tell much of a difference. A gift card I purchased for my sister, presumably to help lead her down the dark path I am on. I won’t bore you with the exact breakdown, but I also bought 25 sheet", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00687", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00292", "text": "We report the discovery of gas streaming motions along nuclear spiral arms towards the LINER nucleus of the galaxy NGC 6951. The observations, obtained using the GMOS integral field spectrograph on the Gemini North telescope, yielded maps of the flux distributions and gas kinematics in the Halpha, [NII]6584 and [SII]6717,31 emission lines of the inner 7x5 arcsec^2 of the galaxy. This region includes a circumnuclear star-forming ring with radius 500pc, a nuclear spiral inside the ring and the LINER nucleus. The kinematics of the ionized gas is dominated by rotation, but subtraction of a kinematic model of a rotating exponential disk reveals deviations from circular rotation within the nuclear ring which can be attributed to (1) streaming motions along the nuclear spiral arms and (2) a bipolar outflow which seems to be associated to a nuclear jet. On the basis of the observed streaming velocities and geometry of the spiral arms we estimate a mass inflow rate of ionized gas of 3x10^(-4) Msun/yr, which is of the order of the accretion rate necessary to power the LINER nucleus of NGC 6951. Similar streaming motions towards the nucleus of another galaxy with LINER nucleus -- NGC 1097 -- have been reported by our group in a previous paper. Taken together, these results support a scenario in which nuclear spirals are channels through which matter is transferred from galactic scales to the nuclear region to feed the supermassive black hole.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 316, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00408", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00293", "text": "(simplified) Results on the properties of warm H2 in 57 normal galaxies are derived from H2 rotational transitions, obtained as part of SINGS. This study extends previous extragalactic surveys of H2, the most abundant constituent of the molecular ISM, to more common systems (L_FIR = e7 to 6e10 L_sun) of all morphological and nuclear types. The S(1) transition is securely detected in the nuclear regions of 86% of SINGS galaxies with stellar masses above 10^9.5 M_sun. The derived column densities of warm H2 (T > ~100 K), even though averaged over kiloparsec-scale areas, are commensurate with those of resolved PDRs; the median of the sample is 3e20 cm-2. They amount to between 1% and >30% of the total H2. The power emitted in the sum of the S(0) to S(2) transitions is on average 30% of the [SiII] line power, and ~4e-4 of the total infrared power (TIR) within the same area for star-forming galaxies, which is consistent with excitation in PDRs. The fact that H2 emission scales tightly with PAH emission, even though the average radiation field intensity varies by a factor ten, can also be understood if both tracers originate predominantly in PDRs, either dense or diffuse. A large fraction of the 25 LINER/Sy targets, however, strongly depart from the rest of the sample, in having warmer H2 in the excited states, and an excess of H2 emission with respect to PAHs, TIR and [SiII]. We propose a threshold in H2 to PAH power ratios, allowing the identification of low-luminosity AGNs by an excess H2 excitation. A dominant contribution from shock heating is favored in these objects. Finally, we detect, in nearly half the star-forming targets, non-equilibrium ortho to para ratios, consistent with FUV pumping combined with incomplete ortho-para thermalization by collisions, or possibly non-equilibrium PDR fronts advancing into cold gas.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 449, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00319", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00294", "text": "A son who saw a police officer hold a gun to his father's head. A husband whose wife was pulled over driving a Bentley. These unsettling scenes are among the stories from some of the NFL's marquee players, multi-millionaires sharing tales of racial profiling by law enforcement. It is a troubling concern for people of color that has been at the center of the protests begun in August 2016 by former San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick. The protests have waned, but the ongoing issue for players — and the black communities they come from — has not. The Associated Press surveyed 56 of the 59 black players at last weekend's Pro Bowl game as part of its look at how African-American athletes have long used their sports platforms to impact social and political change. The AP asked the players whether they or someone they knew have ever experienced racial profiling. All said yes. \"You can probably ask any black man out here and the answer is yes,\" said Jacksonville Jaguars defensive tackle Malik Jackson. \"It's not like this is just starting today or a new thing. It's gone on for a long time. I think African-American men have been (victims) of racial profiling for a long time, by either the things they wear or just by the color of their skin.\" ___ EDITOR'S NOTE: African-American athletes have used their sports platforms for more than 100 years to impact social and political change. As part of AP's coverage plans for Black History Month, we will take a multi-platform look at look at how many have and continue to engage in activism, from Jack Johnson, to Muhammad Ali to Colin Kaepernick. ___ In protesting, Kaepernick and others attempted to highlight the killings of unarmed black men by police, an issue brought into the national spotlight by Black Lives Matter activists after the shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014. But the message was quickly overtaken by fans offended by the players' decision to kneel during the anthem. \"That was the main thing with the protests, to bring awareness so people know what's going on,\" said Jaguars cornerback Jalen Ramsey. \"That's the first step to trying to fix the situation.\" NFL players who have protested this season have been in the minority, and protests waned as the season went on. Some players are focusing on ways of addressing injustice off the field. \"If it affects that many people by taking a knee, just stand up, it's that simple,\" said", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00730", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00295", "text": "A new model for the explanation of the high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in pulsars, black holes and white dwarfs is presented. Three circular tori are assumed to be present around the star: an inner torus with charge $Q_i$, an outer torus with charge $Q_o$ and a torus with electrically neutral mass $m_m$ in the middle, whereas the star bears a charge $Q_s$ ($Q_o$ and $Q_s$ have the same sign, $Q_i$ the opposite one). The frequency $\\nu_m$ of the mass current is approximately given by the Kepler frequency, whereas the frequencies of $Q_i$ and $Q_o$, $\\nu_i$ and $\\nu_o$, respectively, are calculated from classical mechanics and Coulomb's law. For the explanation of the low frequency QPOs in pulsars and black holes a special interpretation of the gravitomagnetic theory may be essential. From the latter theory four new gravitomagnetic precession frequencies are deduced, which may be identified with the observed low frequency QPOs. Predictions of the presented model are compared with observed high frequency and low frequency QPOs of the pulsars SAX J1808.4--3658, XTE J1807--294, IGR J00291+5934, SGR 1806--20 and the black hole XTE J1550--564. In addition, charge flow near the pole of pulsars may explain frequency drift of burst oscillations. Moreover, charge flow at the equator of SAX J1808.4--3658 may be the cause of the enigmatic 410 kHz QPO. Furthermore, the Lense-Thirring frequency is discussed and a modified formula is compared with data of the pulsars. Contrary to pulsars and black holes, the low frequency QPOs of white dwarfs might be attributed to electromagnetic precession frequencies, deduced in this work. Predictions are compared with data of the dwarf nova VW Hyi.", "label": 1, "domain": "scientific", "token_count": 418, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00205", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00296", "text": "our country's history. We also believe that patients with terminal conditions and terminal illness should have access to experimental treatment immediately that could potentially save their lives. People who are terminally ill should not have to go from country to country to seek a cure. I want to give them a chance right here at home. It's time for Congress to give these wonderful, incredible Americans the right to try. One of my greatest priorities is to reduce the price of prescription drugs. In many other countries, these drugs cost far less than what we pay in the United States. And it's very, very unfair. That is why I have directed my administration to make fixing the injustice of high drug prices one of my top priorities for the year. And prices will come down substantially. Watch. America has also finally turned the page on decades of unfair trade deals that sacrificed our prosperity and shipped away our companies, our jobs, and our wealth. Our nation has lost its wealth, but we're getting it back so fast. The era of economic surrender is totally over. From now on, we expect trading relationships to be fair and, very importantly, reciprocal. We will work to fix bad trade deals and negotiate new ones. And they'll be good ones, but they'll be fair. And we will protect American workers and American intellectual property through strong enforcement of our trade rules. As we rebuild our industries, it is also time to rebuild our crumbling infrastructure. America is a nation of builders. We built the Empire State Building in just one year. Isn't it a disgrace that it can now take 10 years just to get a minor permit approved for the building of a simple road? I am asking both parties to come together to give us safe, fast, reliable, and modern infrastructure that our economy needs and our people deserve. Tonight I'm calling on Congress to produce a bill that generates at least $1.5 trillion for the new infrastructure investment that our country so desperately needs. Every federal dollar should be leveraged by partnering with state and local governments and, where appropriate, tapping into private sector investment to permanently fix the infrastructure deficit. And we can do it. Any bill must also streamline the permitting and approval process, getting it down to no more than two years, and perhaps even one. Together, we can reclaim our great building heritage. We will build gleaming new roads, bridges, highways, railways, and waterways all across our land. And we will do it with American heart, American hands", "label": 1, "domain": "news", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_00706", "split": "test"}
{"id": "hedging_test_1_00297", "text": "SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Wellness and Prevention Act of 2007''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds as follows: (1) Improving the health of the population and reducing medical costs requires implementation of preventive methods. (2) Organizations throughout the United States have expressed the need for an increase of public health professionals. (3) There are only approximately 6,000 physicians board certified in preventive medicine. (4) Many health care costs are spent on chronic conditions that could be avoided by implementing preventive methods. (5) The number of preventive medicine residency programs and individuals pursuing preventive medicine has significantly decreased in recent years. (6) Preventive medicine physicians are uniquely trained to serve patients and communities. (7) A strong public health system requires a strong preventive medicine workforce. SEC. 3. LOAN PAYMENT ASSISTANCE FOR PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PHYSICIANS. (a) Payments.--On behalf of any eligible preventive medicine physician, the Secretary of Health and Human Services may pay up to $20,000 of the medical education loans incurred by the physician. (b) Application.--To request a payment under this section, an eligible preventive medicine physician shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. (c) Definitions.--In this section: (1) The term ``eligible preventive medicine physician'' means a practicing physician who receives board certification in preventive medicine during the period of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. (2) The term ``medical education loan'' means the outstanding principal of and interest on a loan incurred for the cost of attendance (including tuition, other reasonable educational expenses, and reasonable living costs) at a school of medicine. (3) The term ``school of medicine'' has the meaning given to that term in section 799B of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 295p). (4) The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. SEC. 4. WELLNESS PROGRAM EMPLOYER CREDIT. (a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code", "label": 1, "domain": "government", "token_count": 500, "matched_pair_id": "hedging_01108", "split": "test"}