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docid string	target_text string	input_text string	input_studies list
22653314	CONCLUSION: This analysis provides a current evidence-based estimate of PACG prevalence in European derived populations and suggests there are 130,000 people in the UK, 1.60 million people in Europe and 581,000 people in the USA with PACG today. Accounting for ageing population structures, cases are predicted to increa...	PURPOSE: Primarily to determine the prevalence of various types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Wroclaw inhabitants aged 40-79 years. The second aim of the study was to determine the number of undiagnosed glaucoma cases in this population. METHODS: A representative group of the Wroclaw population (4853 people ag...	[ { "source_pmid": "16283988", "source_text": "PURPOSE: Primarily to determine the prevalence of various types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Wroclaw inhabitants aged 40-79 years. The second aim of the study was to determine the number of undiagnosed glaucoma cases in this population.\nMETHODS: A repr...
20665044	CONCLUSIONS: Current data suggests that IVB is an effective short-term treatment for diabetic macular edema, and that its efficacy wanes after 6 weeks. More trials exploring the therapeutic role of intravitreal bevacizumab in DME need to be conducted to define the role of bevacizumab.	OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the short-term effect of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME). DESIGN: Randomized phase II clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-one eyes of 121 subjects (109 eligible for analysis) with DME and Snellen acuity equivalent ranging from 20/32 to 20/320. INTERVE...	[ { "source_pmid": "17698196", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: To provide data on the short-term effect of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema (DME).\nDESIGN: Randomized phase II clinical trial.\nPARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-one eyes of 121 subjects (109 eligible for analysis) with DME and Snel...
23741296	CONCLUSION: Ex-Press was associated with equivalent efficacy to Trab in lowering IOP. Comparable proportions of patients reached the IOP target with Ex-Press and Trab. Ex-Press was better tolerated than Trab.	INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy and safety of the Ex-PRESS (Optonol Ltd., Neve Ilan, Israel) mini glaucoma shunt in open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial. Eyes from enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either Ex-PRESS implantation under a scl...	[ { "source_pmid": "19337705", "source_text": "INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy and safety of the Ex-PRESS (Optonol Ltd., Neve Ilan, Israel) mini glaucoma shunt in open-angle glaucoma.\nMETHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial. Eyes from enrolled patients were ran...
27846316	CONCLUSION: The current literature suggests a possible association between GC use and the development of cataract. However, this risk cannot be accurately quantified in RA from the available evidence. RCTs have not adequately captured these outcomes and well-designed observational research is required.	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of 5 mg/day prednisolone on disease progression in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving standardized disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. METHODS: Patients with active RA of <2 years' duration were randomly assigned in a double-blinded manner to receiv...	[ { "source_pmid": "16255011", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of 5 mg/day prednisolone on disease progression in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving standardized disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.\nMETHODS: Patients with active RA of <2 years' duration w...
30030923	This meta-analysis strongly suggests improved VA outcomes at 12 months in patients with wet AMD for 2.0 mg aflibercept, comparable to but slightly lower than landmark trials. Increased injection frequency and younger age demonstrates a trend with improved outcomes.	PURPOSE: To study visual outcome and number of annual injections in treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) before and after a change in first-line therapy from ranibizumab to aflibercept in a high-volume clinical practice. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of rout...	[ { "source_pmid": "27535819", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To study visual outcome and number of annual injections in treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) before and after a change in first-line therapy from ranibizumab to aflibercept in a high-volume clinical practic...
26625212	AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the use of devices with standard trabeculectomy may help with greater IOP reduction at one-year follow-up than trabeculectomy alone; however, due to potential biases and imprecision in effect estimates, the quality of evidence is low. When we examined outcomes within subgroups based on th...	INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy and safety of the Ex-PRESS (Optonol Ltd., Neve Ilan, Israel) mini glaucoma shunt in open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial. Eyes from enrolled patients were randomly assigned to either Ex-PRESS implantation under a scl...	[ { "source_pmid": "19337705", "source_text": "INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy and safety of the Ex-PRESS (Optonol Ltd., Neve Ilan, Israel) mini glaucoma shunt in open-angle glaucoma.\nMETHODS: This was a prospective, randomized trial. Eyes from enrolled patients were ran...
20179632	CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy was found to have a greater pressure-lowering effect compared with viscocanalostomy. However, viscocanalostomy had a significantly better risk profile.	AIMS: To compare trabeculectomy with viscocanalostomy augmented with adjunctive antimetabolite use for the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) in open angle glaucoma (OAG). METHODS: 45 patients (50 eyes) with uncontrolled OAG were randomised to either trabeculectomy (25 eyes) or a viscocanalostomy technique (25 eyes)...	[ { "source_pmid": "15258016", "source_text": "AIMS: To compare trabeculectomy with viscocanalostomy augmented with adjunctive antimetabolite use for the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) in open angle glaucoma (OAG).\nMETHODS: 45 patients (50 eyes) with uncontrolled OAG were randomised to either trabecul...
30666092	Compared with ranibizumab, corticosteroid implant did not have greater improved BCVA, but corticosteroid implant had less CST reduction. The advantages of corticosteroids are fewer injections, while the advantages of ranibizumab include fewer side effects.	PURPOSE: To evaluate whether treatment with dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX implant) 0.7 mg every 5 months provides a similar average change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline as ranibizumab 0.5 mg administered as per its European Summary of Product Characteristics in patients with diabetic ma...	[ { "source_pmid": "27632215", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To evaluate whether treatment with dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX implant) 0.7 mg every 5 months provides a similar average change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline as ranibizumab 0.5 mg administered as per its European Summar...
32504495	State-of-the-art neural networks could effectively detect clinical significant DR. To further improve diagnostic accuracy of neural networks, researchers might need to develop new algorithms rather than simply enlarge sample sizes of training sets or optimize image quality.	IMPORTANCE: More than 60 million people in India have diabetes and are at risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening disease. Automated interpretation of retinal fundus photographs can help support and scale a robust screening program to detect DR. Objective: To prospectively validate the performance of a...	[ { "source_pmid": "31194246", "source_text": "IMPORTANCE: More than 60 million people in India have diabetes and are at risk for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening disease. Automated interpretation of retinal fundus photographs can help support and scale a robust screening program to detect DR.\...
26966358	CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests lower cognitive function test scores in patients with AMD, especially with MMSE and Mini-Cog test. The other cognitive impairment screening tests, such as animal fluency test and TMT, need more studies to assess.	Several previous studies showed that age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share common risk factors and histopathology changes, and there is epidemiological evidence linking AMD to cognitive impairment. We tested this theory in 51 patients with late-stage AMD and 24 controls by analyzing ...	[ { "source_pmid": "24370621", "source_text": "Several previous studies showed that age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share common risk factors and histopathology changes, and there is epidemiological evidence linking AMD to cognitive impairment. We tested this theory in 51 p...
22307787	The present meta-analyses indicated that there were no significantly associations between VEGF polymorphisms (rs833061, rs1413711, rs2010963) and the risk of AMD, although the association was different for each polymorphism among different populations.	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Linkage has been shown to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and ocular levels of VEGF are raised in individuals with the neovascular form of disease. To examine the role of VEGF further, we conducted a case-con...	[ { "source_pmid": "16940309", "source_text": "Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Linkage has been shown to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and ocular levels of VEGF are raised in individuals with the neovascular form of disease. To ...
19019922	CONCLUSIONS: According to available data, the use of latanoprost is associated with a lower incidence of conjunctival hyperaemia when compared with travoprost and bimatoprost in the treatment of patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma.	PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and safety of latanoprost, travoprost given every evening, and the fixed combination dorzolamide + timolol (DTFC) given twice daily in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). METHODS: This randomized, prospective, investigator-masked study has been conducted ...	[ { "source_pmid": "16496249", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and safety of latanoprost, travoprost given every evening, and the fixed combination dorzolamide + timolol (DTFC) given twice daily in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG).\nMETHODS: This randomized, ...
20813751	CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis reveals that the methodological quality of the health economic analysis of AMD therapeutic interventions in the literature is suboptimal. There is considerable variation in methodological rigour between the articles, and we have identified several attributes that are predictive of study qualit...	BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of vision loss in the elderly and results in significant economic and humanistic burden. The selective vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, pegaptanib (Macugen) is indicated for patients with neovascular AMD. Guidance is needed regarding t...	[ { "source_pmid": "17887807", "source_text": "BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of vision loss in the elderly and results in significant economic and humanistic burden. The selective vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, pegaptanib (Macugen) is indicated for pati...
30325017	AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Anti-VEGF drugs are effective at improving vision in people with DMO with three to four in every 10 people likely to experience an improvement of 3 or more lines VA at one year. Aflibercept may confer some advantage over ranibizumab and bevacizumab in people with DMO at one year in visual and anat...	PURPOSE: To compare the functional and structural effects of ranibizumab versus macular laser therapy in patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-masked clinical trial. METHODS: None SETTING: Single center. STUDY POPULATION: Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients with cen...	[ { "source_pmid": "24531025", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To compare the functional and structural effects of ranibizumab versus macular laser therapy in patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema.\nDESIGN: Prospective, randomized, single-masked clinical trial.\nMETHODS: None\nSETTING: Single center....
20671613	CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a modest positive association only between T34T polymorphism and POAG in Asians and adults. The M98K and R545Q polymorphisms have no association with POAG susceptibility. However, this meta-analysis exploring combinations of the polymorphisms may help us better understand the genetics ...	PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes and their interactions in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: A cohort of 400 unrelated POAG patients (294 high tension glaucoma, HTG, and 106 normal tension glaucoma, NTG) and 281 unrelated control su...	[ { "source_pmid": "16148883", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes and their interactions in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).\nMETHODS: A cohort of 400 unrelated POAG patients (294 high tension glaucoma, HTG, and 106 ...
23440797	AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on the included trials, we found no evidence that antiangiogenic steroids prevent visual loss in patients with neovascular AMD. With the emergence of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor modalities, based on evidence summarized in this review, it is unclear what role steroids have in trea...	OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg) in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: A double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted at a public tertiary referral ...	[ { "source_pmid": "15006845", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg) in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration.\nMETHODS: A double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized c...
31428642	Conclusion: The meta-analysis highlighted that certain mutations of some TLR4 polymorphisms might increase the susceptibility of OAG. However, TLR4 polymorphisms are still far from being candidate genetic biomarkers for OAG. Additional researches involving larger scale epidemiological studies are warranted to validate ...	PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene polymorphisms with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in the South Korean population. METHODS: A total of 147 normal tension glaucoma patients in South Korea were recruited from April, 2007 to August, 2008. Allele, genotype, and haplotype of 8 differen...	[ { "source_pmid": "21921986", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene polymorphisms with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in the South Korean population.\nMETHODS: A total of 147 normal tension glaucoma patients in South Korea were recruited from April, 2007 to A...
16235305	AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative MMC reduces the risk of surgical failure in eyes that have undergone no previous surgery and in eyes at high risk of failure. Compared to placebo it reduces mean IOP at 12 months in all groups of participants in this review. Apart from an increase in cataract formation following MMC...	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether previously failed glaucoma filtration surgery is a risk factor for filtration failure of subsequent trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery and to determine the role of adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) in the secondary glaucoma triple procedure (SGTP) as compared to ...	[ { "source_pmid": "9544650", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether previously failed glaucoma filtration surgery is a risk factor for filtration failure of subsequent trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery and to determine the role of adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) in the se...
26651305	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that CX3CR1 T280M and V249I polymorphisms may not be associated with an increased risk of AMD based on current published data. Given the limited sample size, the finding on CX3CR1 polymorphisms needs further investigation.	Major genetic factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have recently been identified as susceptibility risk factors. The CX3CR1 gene has been shown to be associated with AMD in some studies. Our purpose was to analyze the role of the T280M polymorphism of the CX3CR1 gene in a large French population, in a cas...	[ { "source_pmid": "21621535", "source_text": "Major genetic factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have recently been identified as susceptibility risk factors. The CX3CR1 gene has been shown to be associated with AMD in some studies. Our purpose was to analyze the role of the T280M polymorphism ...
27111565	CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence to indicate an inverse association between serum vitamin D levels and any stages and subtypes of AMD risk, but opposite results from the United States and Korea resulted in this nonsignificance. Potential difference across various study designs might exist, based on few studies reporti...	PURPOSE: To investigate the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with AMD. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study using a nationwide, systemic-stratified, multistage-clustered sampling method involved a total of 17,045 subjects older than 40 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition E...	[ { "source_pmid": "25015360", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To investigate the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with AMD.\nMETHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study using a nationwide, systemic-stratified, multistage-clustered sampling method involved a total of 17,045 subjects older than 40 years who ...
23827458	CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis suggested that there might be a significant association of GSTM1 null genotype with POAG risk in East Asians.	BACKGROUND: Genetic factors and oxidative damage have been shown to have a role in the development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). AIM: To determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S transferase (GST)M1 and GSTT1 on the risk of POAG in a Turkish population. METHODS: Using a multiplex polymera...	[ { "source_pmid": "16973661", "source_text": "BACKGROUND: Genetic factors and oxidative damage have been shown to have a role in the development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).\nAIM: To determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S transferase (GST)M1 and GSTT1 on the risk of POAG in...
26658620	These results demonstrated that statin use was protective for early and exudative AMD. Additional large prospective cohort studies and RCTs are required to determine the potential effect of statins on AMD prevention.	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. METHODS: This study included 6176 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese participants aged 44 to 84 years from...	[ { "source_pmid": "17420374", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.\nMETHODS: This study included 6176 white, black, H...
25185256	This study shows an association between A69S polymorphism in the ARMS2 gene and the anti-angiogenesis treatment response. A69S could be considered predictive of the anti-angiogenic effects, especially in Asian populations.	PURPOSE: To determine if prespecified genetic polymorphisms influence responsiveness to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The objectives were to replicate 3 reported pharmacogenetic associations of response in nAMD and to test for novel associat...	[ { "source_pmid": "24070809", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To determine if prespecified genetic polymorphisms influence responsiveness to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The objectives were to replicate 3 reported pharmacogenetic associ...
26872021	To sum up, our data indicate that rs17576 polymorphism is not related to glaucoma and rs3918249 polymorphism might be a protective factor against glaucoma.	PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of topographic profiles (i.e., inner directional angle and angular width) of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects on the diagnostic performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in discriminating preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) eyes from norma...	[ { "source_pmid": "24576877", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of topographic profiles (i.e., inner directional angle and angular width) of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects on the diagnostic performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in di...
30352574	CONCLUSION: In our meta-analysis, C3 genetic polymorphisms unveiled a positive effect on the risk of advanced AMD, especially in Caucasians. Furthermore, numerous well-designed studies with large sample-size are required to validate this conclusion.	Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the developed world. Numerous genetic factors contribute to the development of the multifactorial disease. We performed a case-control study to assess the risk conferred by known and candidate genetic polymorphisms on the develop...	[ { "source_pmid": "23209669", "source_text": "Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the developed world. Numerous genetic factors contribute to the development of the multifactorial disease. We performed a case-control study to assess the risk conferred by...
23029558	CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence that myocilin polymorphisms are associated with POAG susceptibility, and the prevalence of myocilin mutations might be ethnicity-dependent in Caucasians for Q368X and in Asians for T353I.	PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes and their interactions in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: A cohort of 400 unrelated POAG patients (294 high tension glaucoma, HTG, and 106 normal tension glaucoma, NTG) and 281 unrelated control su...	[ { "source_pmid": "16148883", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of myocilin (MYOC), optineurin (OPTN), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes and their interactions in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).\nMETHODS: A cohort of 400 unrelated POAG patients (294 high tension glaucoma, HTG, and 106 ...
29390407	The limited evidence suggests that vitreomacular interface configuration have a significant influence on the visual acuity gain and CMT reduction at 1 year, injection numbers at 2 years in neovascular AMD patients treated with anti-VEGF agents. However, the results of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with cauti...	PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) on intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in Japanese patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: This was a retrospective comparative study that included 123 eyes from 123 patients with exudative AMD. The presence or absence o...	[ { "source_pmid": "25096269", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) on intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in Japanese patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).\nMETHODS: This was a retrospective comparative study that included 123 eyes from ...
27116511	CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis clearly indicate that intravitreal anti-VEGF injection therapy is capable of maintaining visual acuity on a long-term basis of at least 4-5 years.	PURPOSE: To analyse a 3-year clinical patient cohort of ranibizumab treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), to investigate the impact on visual outcome of carrying forward the last acuity observation in drop-outs and to explore possible differences between the early and the late phase of the stud...	[ { "source_pmid": "23452436", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To analyse a 3-year clinical patient cohort of ranibizumab treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), to investigate the impact on visual outcome of carrying forward the last acuity observation in drop-outs and to explore possible dif...
27905339	In summary, these results indicate that p53 codon 72 polymorphism is likely an important genetic factor contributing to susceptibility of POAG. However, more case-controls studies based on larger sample size and stratified by ethnicity are suggested to further clarify the relationship between p53 codon 72 polymorphism ...	PURPOSE: Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disorder of the eye. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type, accounting for over half of the total cases. Recently, a significant difference in the distribution of the codon 72 polymorphism of the tumor suppressor gene p53 between control subjects and...	[ { "source_pmid": "12368717", "source_text": "PURPOSE: Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disorder of the eye. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type, accounting for over half of the total cases. Recently, a significant difference in the distribution of the codon 72 polymorphism of t...
24465860	CONCLUSION: In OAG, Ex-PRESS and trabeculectomy provided similar IOP control, but Ex-PRESS was more likely to achieve complete success, with fewer postoperative interventions. Complication rates were similar for the two types of surgery, except for a lower frequency of hyphema in the Ex-PRESS group.	BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy of the EX-PRESS(®) glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma up to five years after surgery. METHODS: Patients from a previously reported randomized, open-label, parallel-arm clinical trial in which 78 patients received either the EX-PRESS ...	[ { "source_pmid": "21607021", "source_text": "BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy of the EX-PRESS(®) glaucoma filtration device and trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma up to five years after surgery.\nMETHODS: Patients from a previously reported randomized, open-label, parallel-arm clinica...
18412600	The conclusion is that both drugs are equally effective in lowering IOP. Brimonidine is associated with a higher rate of allergy.	OBJECTIVE: Brimonidin tartrate is a highly selective alpha 2-agonist. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of 0.2% brimonidine administered twice daily for 1 year in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: The study design was a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, parallel-group, active-c...	[ { "source_pmid": "9230823", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: Brimonidin tartrate is a highly selective alpha 2-agonist. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of 0.2% brimonidine administered twice daily for 1 year in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.\nMETHODS: The study design was a multice...
28211200	Based on these meta-analyses, there seems to be an association between hypothyroidism and glaucoma, which does not seem to be the case between glaucoma and hypothyroidism. However, larger scale studies with better phenotype classification, longer follow-up and taking comorbidity and other biases into consideration are ...	PURPOSE: To determine if hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of glaucoma using a large cohort of patients. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients seen at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Birmingham, Alabama with newly diagnosed glaucoma between 1997 and 2001 were selected (n = 5...	[ { "source_pmid": "15350317", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To determine if hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of glaucoma using a large cohort of patients.\nDESIGN: Nested case-control study.\nPARTICIPANTS: Patients seen at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Birmingham, Alabama with newly di...
31102206	Our review showed a clear anatomical benefit after the switch in terms of central retinal thickness and pigment epithelium detachment characteristics, whereas the functional outcomes were variable. Remarkable heterogeneity was documented among the relevant studies with regard to several factors including the baseline c...	Purpose: To investigate whether tolerance to the anti-VEGF drug, ranibizumab, develops after drug exposure and to determine whether the history of treatment with ranibizumab prior to refractoriness can predict the post-switching responses to aflibercept. Methods: We retrospectively investigated neovascular age-related ...	[ { "source_pmid": "29636594", "source_text": "Purpose: To investigate whether tolerance to the anti-VEGF drug, ranibizumab, develops after drug exposure and to determine whether the history of treatment with ranibizumab prior to refractoriness can predict the post-switching responses to aflibercept.\nMethods...
20577107	CONCLUSIONS: The use of intraoperative MMC is a safe and effective additional step during nonpenetrating filtering surgery.	AIMS: To investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy with and without intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) application for lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: A total of 71 eyes of 71 consecutive patients who had routine deep sclerectomy (DS), nonaugmented (DS-noMMC) or with mitomycin ...	[ { "source_pmid": "15746961", "source_text": "AIMS: To investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy with and without intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) application for lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP).\nMETHODS: A total of 71 eyes of 71 consecutive patients who had routine deep sc...
30336463	CONCLUSIONS: The overall results support a positive association between CKD and AMD, although some limitations exist. Given the risk that AMD is increased in CKD, regular eye screenings for the CKD population is recommended for an early detection and intervention.	OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a multiethnic Asian cohort of Chinese, Malay, and Indian persons. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 033 persons (3280 Malay, 3400 Indian, and 3353 Chinese; response rate, 75%) 4...	[ { "source_pmid": "24661862", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a multiethnic Asian cohort of Chinese, Malay, and Indian persons.\nDESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study.\nPARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 033 persons (3280 ...
24635444	WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This is the first meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of different treatment regimens for anti-VEGF therapy. Ranibizumab 0·3 or 0·5 mg monthly treatment was more effective for neovascular AMD than non-anti-VEGF treatments but is no better than bevacizumab.	OBJECTIVE: To describe effects of ranibizumab and bevacizumab when administered monthly or as needed for 2 years and to describe the impact of switching to as-needed treatment after 1 year of monthly treatment. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n = 1107) who were followed up during...	[ { "source_pmid": "22555112", "source_text": "OBJECTIVE: To describe effects of ranibizumab and bevacizumab when administered monthly or as needed for 2 years and to describe the impact of switching to as-needed treatment after 1 year of monthly treatment.\nDESIGN: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial.\nPA...
16856103	AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence from good quality randomized trials or non-randomized studies of the effectiveness of lens extraction for chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma.	PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of extraction of incipient cataracts or clear lenses on glaucoma control in patients with subacute or chronic angle-closure glaucoma. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: This retrospective analysis comprised 22 extracapsular...	[ { "source_pmid": "9795850", "source_text": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of extraction of incipient cataracts or clear lenses on glaucoma control in patients with subacute or chronic angle-closure glaucoma.\nSETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.\nMETHO...
26505407	In conclusion, our meta-analysis provides evidence that the rs2230199 polymorphism contributes to the development of AMD. Further large-scale multicenter epidemiological studies are warranted to confirm this finding.	Dysregulation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement cascade has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. To further test the hypothesis that defective control of complement activation underlies AMD, parameters of complement act...	[ { "source_pmid": "18596911", "source_text": "Dysregulation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement cascade has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. To further test the hypothesis that defective control of compleme...
27966830	Our meta-analysis indicates that there is some weak evidence that increased tHcy might be associated with wet AMD; however, this result should be interpreted cautiously, because of a marked between-study heterogeneity and the possible effect of publication bias. Future studies, preferably of cohort design, are necessar...	PURPOSE: Exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the debilitating ocular complications, which results in permanent blindness. Elevated homocysteine (Hcys) levels have been associated in the development of several vascular diseases. Vascular and oxidative stress theories have been implicated for the ...	[ { "source_pmid": "15803172", "source_text": "PURPOSE: Exudative age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the debilitating ocular complications, which results in permanent blindness. Elevated homocysteine (Hcys) levels have been associated in the development of several vascular diseases. Vascular an...
24013816	Our study provides evidence of the joint contribution of genetic variants in PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HTRA1 to AMD risk, in addition to the two widely studied genetic variants whose association with AMD was well established.	PURPOSE: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOC387715 (rs10490924), HTRA1 (rs11200638), and CFH (rs1061170) genes have been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The present study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the LOC387715 and HTRA1 in an AMD cohort from India. METHODS: The ...	[ { "source_pmid": "18436811", "source_text": "PURPOSE: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOC387715 (rs10490924), HTRA1 (rs11200638), and CFH (rs1061170) genes have been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The present study was undertaken to determine the involvement of the LOC38...