Id,essay_set,prompt,Score1,Score2,essay_text,prompt_&_source_essay_urls,rubric_urls,image_urls 27153.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: White will not absorb so much heat than the o thers.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15109.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the nuclues sends messages to the cell to tell things what to do and what is happening. the ribosomes are little things that helps build energy and theres also the cytoplasm that runs through the cell membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3283.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,a)In conclusion the plastic type D stretched the most compared to any other plastic.^p b) One way the experiment could be improved would be to keep the length of the given plastic equal. Another improvement would live to add the same amount if weight to each plastic and lot the weight the procedure.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1024.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate the experiment, there is some information that wasn't involved that is needed. First, in the product it just said pour vinegar. It didn't say how much which is important. Another important factor that would be needed is in what temperature to let the samples sit and deap in, in steps, it justsaid let it dry for 30 minutes, to didn'nt sayat whattemperature. Finally, when step 4 says, mix with distilled water, it doesn't say what temperature the distilled water has, it just says distilled water. I would need to kwow at what temperature distilled water has to be.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 4983.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koala's in Australia are similar because they both eat leaves and bamboo and would only survive in the jungle. In the article it says that pandas eat ''almost nothing but bamboo,'' and Australia's koala bear ''eats eucalyptus leaves.'' They differ from pythons because they're able to live anywhere.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18499.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"One trait Rose has is that she is understanding even if she has so much pressure put on her. When she was talkinf with Aunt Kolab, she would understand what her aunt was trying to explain.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20631.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,Paul gets to know Mr. Lwonard better throughout the story. I feel like they had a lot in common so they got along well together. They both didn't know how to read and they both could jump hurdles. I think that Paul felt like he wasn't an outcast any more becuase he found someone that was like him in so many ways. I think he found a friend that day.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8464.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"In the article ""One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive species"", they use invasive to explaine how some animals are a threat to biodiversity. MacInnes, stated that he thinks people judge the species forlex, pythons. MacInnes thinks pythons are a wonderful introduction, while others dissagree.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11702.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,after the mRNA leaves the nucleus it binds with the rRNA. after they bind together they begin transciption to make more copies for more protiens. After transcription occurs translation begins to decode the RNA that has been made . After this has been done the RNA then begins to made amino acid that will form protiens.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15276.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The cytoplasm helps to hold all of the organells and helps things to move. the nucleus determines if the substance can enter the cellif the substance can enter the cell, the cytoplasm allows it to enter",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26337.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,light gray :: light gray would be best because it wouldnt b e not to hot and not to cold.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 1062.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"Additional information needed is you would need to know is, what the mass from the camse containers when they were full. You need to know the four different samples. How many containers you need.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12705.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The mRNA gives its information to the next RNA, rRNA which then will pass the information to tRNA while with tRNA the RNA will transcribe the RNA and break it down and anylze it, it will then pass it to the gRNA which is the last step in protein synthesis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 909.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,1.0,You would need to know how much vinegar to put in each container. You would also need to know how much of the sample material you should put in the containers. In addition you need to know how you would remove the samples from the containers weather you can touch them or have to grab them with something else.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6320.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they are both specialist animals that both are on a diet of mainly one thing. Pandas strictly bamboo, and koalas mainly only eucalyptus. These two animals are different from a python because pythons eat many different things in order to survive and can live in numerous places.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8455.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The word invasive means in the article that people are judging pythons as a bad species because they would eat anything that get in their way of moving or when they are look for food to eat.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 27097.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,black :: black would be a good color because dark colo rs absorb more energy and it would be more confortable.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 1454.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,How much vinegar do you put in the cups ?,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 1352.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"Well, you will need the same amount of objects to the other experiment, so it could be the same.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12148.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,tRNA translates the mRNA strand into a polypeptide strand. That polypeptide strand makes up a protein. That protein helps with cell life processes. And the mRNA strand is translated over and over again.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6272.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to Australia's koalas because the tend to only eat one type of food. Pandas will only eat eucalyptus leaves. They are different from pythons because they can live pretty much any where and learn how to survive.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14839.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"1. The cell membrane has tiny pores in them, so the pores could block out certain substances that might not fit through. 2. The cell could move to a certain location to 'get away' from the particular substance being produced in it's current area.3. The cells pores have a gateway to them that could allow certain substances to get in and others to stay out.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20997.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,Mr. Leonard's past had a big effect on Paul. It incoureges paul to do well in reading and even stars have the same problem he does. It helps him not to hold back because. if Mr. Leonard can do it he can to. Just with a differant outcome.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23442.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"This article is organized into sections. Each section has a common subject, and is denoted by a title in bold print. It is also organized for learning. The article starts with information that will be reiterated through the entirety of the essay. It then builds upon that information with which it started.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23709.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"It gives me brief information about the article. Startng the article off with some hurmor 'Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a tool bag?' Then goes into the begining about how the 'Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.' It goes on about what happens when tools float off into space by itself, and how it could be really dangerous. The conclusion, just states that hopefully in the future, scientist can come up with a solution about how to solve the space pollution problem.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3402.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a) My conclusion is that plastic B was the stretchiest. ^p b) To improve experimental design and validity, the student should have specified how much weight he used to put on the ends of the clamps to stretch the plastic. Also, there should have been a control to compare the results to at the end. Also, there should have been a third trial so the experiment would be more valid.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21061.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"the reader gets background on Mr. Leonard from a track website that the Coach gave him to look up. Paul didn understand why he quiet. but he also didn know that Leonard didn no how to read. Leonard had friends in high school that would help him get thru all his classes. but college was alot harder and Leonard could not keep up with the school work , so he flunked out. So paul decided to help Leonard to learn how to read, like Loenard helped paul to overcome an obstical.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8439.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"The word invasive is unfare because it describes the type of species. Multiple time in the article the phrase ''invasive species'' is used. Also, Mac Innes doesn't agree with this term because he feels as if it is unfair. ''They're introduced. I, think that 'invasive' is passing judgement.''",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3476.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"In the conclusion, the plastic strech out longest in T2 the T1. ^P The way they could of make there expriment better is by ading more weght every jeswon with the same timty.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15431.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,DefenseControl Blood,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3256.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,The plastic streched more and more each time. ^p I think that the student could have been more specific when writing out the steps because it would have been easier to understand the data.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14905.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",3.0,3.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane are: diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. Diffusion is when substances are moved from areas of a higher concentration to areas of a lower concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane. The water moves from a high concentration to a low concentration. Active transport is the opposite of diffusion. In active transport substances move from areas of a low concentration to areas of a high concentration.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 4061.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a) We can conclude that plastic B is the most stretchable from all the types, but the lab is not valid because judging by the results the lab was not done the same for each trial.^p b. Two way to improve this lab are: Have s or third trials at least, state the weight of the product used to put on the plastic materia.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15136.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,telephase gives the information to the nucleusAnaphaseInterphase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15035.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,0.0,"Three processes to control the movement are diffusion, osmosis, and facultative diffusion. Osmosis is the spread of water through an area. Diffusion is when water is used in various parts of the organism and stored throughout the body. Facultative diffusion is when the nutrients are stored to be used for later.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20746.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,he got upset cause he never told him,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3867.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Based on the student's data, I can conclude that plastic B stretched the farthest on both trials and that plastic A stretched the least. The student could have improved the experimental design by naming instead of labeling the plastic type. That would have given more information and also naming the types of plastics would have given us an idea of how the polymer plastics influence its stretchability. Also, for the validity of the results the student could included time and more trials.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 17714.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Anna cares for and wants to know if there is anything wrong with anyone, Anna is not greegy but likes to share with others.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 10996.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",2.0,2.0,"1. The mRNA attaches to a ribosome, to begin protein synthesis.2. The correct amino acid attaches to the first part of the MRNA in the P-site, while in the A-site another amino acid waits.3. The ribosome keeps moving intil a stop codon is reached and stops.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18461.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,That she hard working and does things she might not want to do just to help her family.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5451.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because they're both specialist species, they only eat a certain type of food in a specific area, but pythons are generalist species and can adapt themselves to eat anything.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11620.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNAtRNAgRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18471.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Based on the conversation between Rose and Anna, I believe that Rose is protective. In paragraph 11, Rose 'tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her.' It seems like Rose is trying to comfort Anna, without revealing what she truly feels. By covering up her feelings while speaking to Anna, I believe Rose is being protective and trying not to expose Anna to the way she really feels about her Papa's absence.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3368.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,0.0,"A) When testing our hypothesis whe had came to a conclusion. It seems to be that when we tested the plastic type by stretching it we had found out that when stretched a second time the numbers seemed to have went up and then on plastic type D it stood at 20. ^P B) The students could have improved their experimental design if they would have told us what types of plastic they had used. Also, they could have added how many times they did both trials.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3735.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"1)My conclusion would be that plastic type D stretched the most but not the same amount, the 2nd trial it stretched 1 mm more than the 1st trial. And plastic type A stretched the least, T1: 10 mm and T2:12mm but it stretched 2 mm more in the 2nd trial than the first. ^p Two ways they could have improved the experimental design and for identify of results is they could have made another trial (T3) at least and could have let the weight hang longer than 3 minutes.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11622.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12188.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. The mRNA travels to where ribosomes are created and are tried to match up with the correct sequences.2. The damaged ribosomes are discarded.3. The mRNA travels to the mitochondria.4. Protein synthesis is completed when the mRNA leaves the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 16957.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One trait that describes Rose is understanding. When she was talking to Anna, Anna was saying that she is lonesome for Papa and that it feels like he has been gone for years. Rose understands that even though it hurts his family emotionally, Papa had to take the job in Los Angeles to give his family a better life. She says to Anna that it has only been four months since he left and that he gets paid three times what he was making there.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14554.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,-blood flow-energy-vains,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12697.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,transcriptioninitiationmutationprotation,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26469.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: White would affect the doghouse by making it cooler than any other color shown.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11628.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA, DNA, RNA, Prophase",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15503.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"To control the movement of substances across the cell membrane, the cell uses various different structures and processes the monitor this, such as the golgi apparatus.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 2924.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,2.0,"Based on the students data, I can conclude that plastic type A is the most durable.^p Two ways the student could have improved this experiment would be to clearify how much weight was added to each plastic and to measure the plastic before he/she stretched it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 12723.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The DNA has the code and gives it to the mRNA.The tRNA gets the code and decodes it. The code is decoded by the tRNA.The message is carried out to the chromosomes.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14973.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,0.0,"Osmosis controlls how much water can be inside the cell. The cell has a cell memberane that only lets certain things into and out of the cell. There are tiny little holes in the memberane that can only fit certain sized things into the cell, so if the thing that is trying to get into the cell is too big, then it will not be able to get into the cell.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18057.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"One trait that can be described about Rose is that she is a very hard working person who just wants the best out of her familys' life.One detail from the story that represents my answer is when she was talking to Anna about how she was explaining the situation about the family and how if they help paul finish college, he could get a good job and help support the family.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 928.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,2.0,"In order to replicate this experiment you would need to know how much vinegar they used. Also, you would need to know what size and shape the samples are. Also you would need to know how to dry the samples which it doesn't state.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 24423.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,Firstly the author grabs the readers attention. Then author jumpss right into details as two what is 'space junk' is and how it got into space. Thirdly the author explains how satellites collide in space and become 'space junk'. Lastly the author imposes on the danger and importance of preventing space pollution.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12173.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRNArRNAgRNAmRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14390.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Active and passive transport moves substances across the membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1671.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"We would need to replicate steps 1-6 for samples. ^p marbles, limestone, wood, plastic. ^p What kind of containers? ^p If the containers are dry, it can change the difference in the mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17647.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is optimistic about situations.Her sister Anna thinks it's been a long time since she's seen her Papa but Rose tries to make it seem like it wasn't a long time by saying 'It's only been four months.',https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 806.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,1.0,"They would need to state the four different samples that they are using. they also could have done different trials of the experiment, and they should put in the procedure to record the data that they got.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14031.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. Golgie Apratus2. Lysomoes3. Endoplasmic Recticulum,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6642.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and they both are different from pythons. "" A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo or Australia's koala which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 2911.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,3.0,"According to the student's data plastic type B was able to stretch the longest with 23mm. Type D was close with 20mm but types C and A were for less stretchy with 14mm and 12mm respectively. The student should have specified how long the plastic sample should be eat. The student should have also specified how much weight was added to the clamps. For all I know, he would have used random lengths and weights for each trial so he should have been clearer in the procedure.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23894.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,he went by what happend first,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9172.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,Invasive in this article used because those animals were never meant to travel from one area of to,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14171.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",2.0,2.0,Osmosis= the movement of water through a cellDiffusion= the movement of molecules through the cellPassive Transport= the movement of particles through a body without using energy,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27262.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Brandi and Jerry should paint their doghouse black. He will be warm inside the black doghouse because the average tempature of the black lid was 53(DEG)C. In the jar with the white lid, the average tempature was 42(DEG)C. It will be 11(DEG)C warmer in the black doghouse than the white one. That is teh case because black attracts more sunlight and white repels sunlight.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5588.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"According to the article a specialist such as china's panda or Koala, specifically need resources from their environment, or would fail to survive. The panda needs to eat its bamboo and the koala needs to eat its eucalyptus leaves. However, the article also claims that pythons are generalists. just like humans. As long as they are around humans they will survive better.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 12413.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA leaves the nucleus to collect data and brings it back into the cell. After that, the DNA is replicated. Following this step, the tRNA transfers the DNA onto the replication. Ribosomes hold the replica into place as it transfers.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23903.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes the article by splitting it up into sub-sections and having the title of each section give the reader a idea of what the paragraph is about.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12184.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,leave the cellFind a new cellPlant itself in itthen repeat them steps,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3641.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"A. A conclusion I can draw from this is that plastic type A had stretched 22mm the first trial, and 25mm in the second trial making it the most stretchable plastic type. ^p B. I think that this student should have done at least 3 trials. I think this student should have not taped the plastic at the top of the table he should have done it over a bar so both sides could be tested.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26271.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: If the doghouse was painted white, then the a ir temperature inside wouldn't change very much. It would be cooler.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 1499.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"The additonal information youwould need to know is; you would need to know if the rock was sitting in the vingeror being shaken. If shaken, you would need to know how hard to shake it. (different prosseces are created)",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3299.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,A). The data that the students recorded is incorrect. ^p B). Two ways the students could have improve the experiment by adding a control and by adding another performance trial to the experiment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 12533.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The mRNA starts by making a copy of itself, then is sends if to the tRNA where it is transported throughout the body. Then the rRNA remembers the sequence, and sends it to the DNA.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14193.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cells carry subtances along the membrane to other places in the body. They also use their platelets to stop things.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11774.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"the steps following are transcription, initiation, elongation, termination,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 189.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"In this group's procedure, some additional information should've been what were the labels named.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12235.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,It forms from DNA. Then it forms protiens.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1191.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"In order to replicate the experiment I would need to know how much of the sample is put in,also how much vinegar to pour in. I would also need to know what I am measuring the mass in,grams,etc. If I had the names of the samples then it would be easy to replicate the experiment. They also need say where to place the samples,a counter,in the sun,in the closet,they say nothing. Also the biggest of all what am I taking this for?",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3152.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"(A) In conclusion, plastic B and D have more stretchability than A and C because plastics B and D stretched an average of 21mm while plastics A and C stretched an average of 12mm. ^p (B) Two ways the student could have improved the experimental design are to do more trials and to add a control.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21663.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,it is like look at this poor man he looks out for us in the hall way but he cant evern read a pass it is sad in a why that that is his job and he cant even read the passes i feel sad for him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8341.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Animals labled with the name ""Invasive"" is because they never lived here before, and are harmful to us. Others brought these species here and they are intruding our land as they endanger our species, and adabting themselves.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17824.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is a type of person that think s about her furture. She can just picture her brother getting he diloma and makeing her parents pround of him. Knowing that their lives rest in what her brother dose, it makes her think about a lot of stuff.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27330.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,1.0,"white :: The color white would be the best to paint th e doghouse because it will be kept cooler than Black, which the average w as 53 degree celcius, dark gray which the average was 48 degree celcius, ligh gray which the average was 45 degrees celcius, and the whites averag e was 42 degree celius. Black absorbs the most heat, while white reflects .",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23847.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,They state alot of facts.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17991.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"When Rose wanted to expres who she feel and the dream she had but she didn' know how to. A example is when 'Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11466.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",2.0,2.0,"The mRNA goes into the cytoplasm and experiences transcription, which is the pairing of bases according to the mRNA sequence. Then the full strand is split, and both strands go to the ribosomes to be translated. When the mRNA strands arrive there, translation will occur, which means that tRNA will bring amino acids that code for a particular segment of the mRNA, will attach together. A certain number of the amino acids will then code for a proteins.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8488.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ''invasive'' means dangerous or out of the ordinary. It ties with the article because pythons are one of the most dangerous animals. ''Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity.''",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6725.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australin is that no one really thinks they can be taken in as pets, same with pythons. They're different from pythons because they eat nothing but one type of food and pythons eat a variety.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14525.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The three processes are replication, transcription, and translation.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27401.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: the inside wont be as hott.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5561.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"As the author mentions, pandas and koalas are specialists. They eat safety bamboo and eucalyptus leaves respectively. A python, however, is a generalist, and can eat many things, allowing it to survive in many more areas.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24438.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,He goes from being funny to serious. He says that space junk is a serious matter. He goes into the past and current with details to prove that space junk is very dangerous and has become a problem.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20123.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,0.0,"He relixes that he was a great at the hurdels. Soon Paul relizes that Mr. Leonard was a Track and Feild star back in collage and continues to let him coach to get ready to try out for the team. As Paul confronts Mr Leonard about his past, at first he seems sadened by it. 'I was a good athlete,' 'but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied onfriends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard.' 'But you went to collage,' Paul said 'Things were different back then,' Mr. Leonard replied. 'The collage scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work ia a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read.' 'C'mon, Mr. Leonard,' Paul said, walking back toward school. 'It's time to start your training.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18239.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"I think that Rose worries a lot and that she is afraid of hurting others, and that she is afraid to express her real feelings. It says that she was afraid to tell the truth because she thought she would hurt her aunt. Rose doesn't trust her voice because she doesn't want to say anything offensive and therefore, most of the coversation she had with her aunt she remained quiet. She seemed ashamed at even telling her aunt the dream but felt she had to so she wouldn't feel alone.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15057.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,1. Active transport - uses enery to move subtances through a carrier protien to the rest of the cell2. Facilitated transport - does not use energy to move substances through a carrier protien3. Passive transport - the suctances move right on through the membrane with using any energy.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17947.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One trait that I noticed of Anna was that she is very caring and has a big heart. When she had her dream, her aunt had woken her up, and she wanted to so badly tell someone but she didn't want to tell her aunt because she didn't want to hurt her aunt's feelings. That shows how caring she is and that she has a big heart.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23688.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,He starts with the first satellite being launched and how much space has changed since then.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9516.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Invasive could mean a variety of things in this article expecially ""endangered"". Invasive is a significant word because of the way it sounds. So it gives the story and makes the endangered animals sound bad. At the same time it changes the mood because it makes the animals sourd as if they were just discovered.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20031.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,I think it made Paul more motivated. I say that because Paul says ' this man had given his time to help me excel at something'. I think that made Paul feel special.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15085.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell must know what is going across the memebrane friest so it knows if it has to keep it or get ride of it because its bad for the cell. The next thing the cell should do is keep all organisms that they know they need to surive.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5928.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere, from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. I think panda and koalas was same specie. They were spread then appear similar species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5661.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Both pandas and koalas are specialists. They need to live in a certain place to survive. A panda is a specialist because it ""eats almost nothing but bamboo"" so it has to live where bamboo grow. The same thing goes for koalas and eucalyptus. Pythons on the other hand are generalist because they can adapt to a variety of places and are able to move around.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23947.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organize's the article by headlines before talking about the article. For example the very first paragraph after the introduction has a headline that says What Is Space Junk? Then it goes on to tell us about space junk. After paragraph five it has the headline that says Crash Course, and it goes on to talk about that, and lastly after paragraph seven it has the head line that says Little Bits, But a Big deal, and they go on to discribe that.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20721.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"Mr. Leonard was a good athlete, but poor student. His college work was harder than high school work, so he lost his scolarship and dropped out. He said the coach did not want a runner that could not read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20326.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul was shock to find out the Mr.Leonard broke records back in his college years. He won the 400 meter hurdles at the natuonals, but drop out of college. Mr.Leonard had trouble reading and end up losing his scholarship and flunked out of college. Paul wanted to help out Mr.Leonard, just like Mr.Leonard help him out.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24713.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author oraginizes the article in varies ways. He first gets our attention by using questions and loud statements to get our attnetion. Then he shows us the harm in space junk and gives us facts about the way we are taking care of the atmosphere. THen he leads us to the end where he tells us what we can do to avooid harmful situations and gives us tips on how to improve our wasteful tendencies.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 8219.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive means that a species is taking over. It's not quite a positive word to be used. The whole article is to put pythons down and include they may take over and cause harm on the U.S by messing withe our ecosystem. This word really sends the biased negative thought.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20490.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,"He realizes that Mr. Leonard is trying to help him because he does not want Paul to fail in college like did. Paul relizes that Mr. Leononard is helping him because Mr. Lenonard was in the same position he was in at that age and didnt do anything to better himself, and he wants better for Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12276.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,mRNA takes genetic information out of the cell.tRNA brings amino acids with complementary codons to attach to the mRNA strand.tRNA balances the chemical amounts that come with the amino acids.A protein is created with the new nucleotide sequence.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21450.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"When Paul comes in with background information about Mr. Laonard, his coach is initially is reliving his glory days as a young, talented athelete, but as he continues to tell his story, he begins to feel sad. In paragraph 41, it says 'Mr. Leonard handed kthe paper back and looked at the fround, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.' This indicates that Paul bringing back this information really had an effect on Mr. Leonard. He was embarrased at the fact that he couldn't read, but he knew that because Paul was a slow reader himself, he knew Paul could relate.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24393.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,The author organizes the article in stages of importancy to getting the readers attention. The author is trying to include imformation about the 'Orbiting Junk' in space.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5441.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are specialist for their countries. They are both different from pythons because pythons are invasive species.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9608.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive is a term used to symbolize unwanted or unwelcome. An invasive person invades your personal life or is too close to you. To the article, it means that a kind of species is invading the earth or overpopulating with that one type of animal.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3417.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a) A conclusion that I can draw based on the students data is that plastic ""B"" stretches alot more then any of the other plastics and plastic ""a"" is the least stretchy. I know that because plastic B's lowest trial was trial 1 with 22mm stretched whitch higher than any of the others on the data table. Also plastic ""a's"" highest was in trial 2 at 12mm stretched and that the lowest on the board (besides its own t1). As you can see the conclusion I drew and why it is an accurate one. B.) Two ways it could have been improved was by - doing 3 trials bc the more trials the more accurate the experiment is and you're supposed to do 3. - he should have allowed the them to hang for more then 5 minutes in step 4. This way it will have more time to stretch.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 9619.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significant to the article because of the controversy it caused when it describes the python species. Pythons are rapidly spreading through southern USA, but specialists can't agree on whether this will hurt the environment or not. For example, RobRoy MacInnes believes the pythons are ""the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years, but Skip Snow, (a biologist) calls his them, ""ridiculous"". Specialists can't seem to come together and agree.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20947.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"'C'mon,Mr.Leonard,' I said, walking back toward school. 'It's time to start your training.' This statement, made by Paul shows that the background information that was given touched Paul emotionally. After hearing Mr. Leonard's story, Paul made a mental connection with him. They both couldn't read. They had something in common. This new connection lead to Paul being willing to help Mr. Leonard and allowing them to have a closer friendship and to be more empathetic toward one another.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12515.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRNA trasnslats the thing it to what it is,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 539.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"After reading the procedure to their experiment I would also need to know how much vinegar to use, what are we using to determine the mass of each samples from the containers with, and what are the fair samples suppose to be",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5228.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,Pandas and koalas are similar because they are both specialists which means that they have to have a certain food source and habitat. This differ from pythons because they are generalists and can eat anything and adapt almost everywhere.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26746.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,dark gray :: it would keep the doghouse warm but not to wa rm because dark gray is a dark color,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3849.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,This data is not accurate becaus they got a different number all the time and they only got the same number once.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 17877.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that I think can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab is overworked because in the story Aunt Kolab asks Rose, 'Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?' I think that quote from the story shows that she is overworked.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23575.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes this article by giving the readers information on what has happend in space for over the past 52 years. From then the aurthor starts talking about how one little thing such as a tool bag flying in space can cause a lot of harm to a satelite or a space craft. The author lets the readers know exactly whats going on in space.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5293.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to Koalas in Australia because they are both specialists animals. There are not a lot of them and they both only eat one thing. Pandas eat bamboo, while Koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. Both of these animals are different from pythons because pythons are abundant and will eat anything that they can get their rangs into. They are generalists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20319.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The background information that paul gets about Mr. Leonard allows him to relate to him more. He finds out that Mr. Leonard was a track star and Paul looks up to him for that. Paul also finds out that Mr. Leonard failed out of college because he could not read. When Paul finds this out it allows him to relate to Mr. Leonard and understand how he felt in school. Paul realizes that this could be the beggining of a great friendship where Mr. leonard teaches him about track and he will try to help Mr. leonard learn how to read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15278.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The cells need enzymes to live that help them make tissues then make organells like the heart, lungs, and mussels",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6796.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas are similar because they are specialists they have to live in special environments which where pythons can live or go anywhere their able to adapt to their sourroindings way better than koalas or pandas.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1027.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"You need to know the amount of vinegar that you have to pour in the four separate containers. You also need to know what size container you are putting the sample in. Also, you need to know what temperature you leave the samples to sit and dry at for 30 min.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8713.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is important to the rest of the article because it talks about how there's too many of certain species in one area. For example, the article says, ""Invasive species, such as the Burmese python which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades"". The article talks about the dangers of having too many of a single species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 5757.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Koalas bears and Panda bears are similar because they are both specialist. ""A specialist is China's Panda, which eats nothing but bamboo or Australia's Koala bear"". Being specialist makes them different from pythons because pythons are generalist species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8148.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive is used when a species such as a pythons invade and take over a sertain place stated in paragraph 6-7.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 979.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"Without the table, a lot wouldn't be known by looking just at the procedure. First, in order to replicate the experiment, you would need to know what four samples you would be taking the mass of. Second, you would also need to know how much vinegar you should pour into the containers. Lastly, in order to replicate the experiment, the person would need to know how much distilled water should be used to rinse the materials. It would also help if it was specified in the procedure, with what should the person be finding the mass of the materials (balance?). In what unit (grams?).",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26601.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,1.0,dark gray :: the color affect the dog house because with dark gray the temperature is kept the same instead of varying from one temp to the other. Plus dog dont want it to be too cold in there dog house so i figured they want a temperature that will keep them warm and kinda chill,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15378.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cell division the movement of cells away from each other .Cell wall where the cell movement takes place and moves across the membrane.Cells use ATP to produce energy for the movement of cells.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 24448.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,"He starts out by explaining to the reader what Space Junk is, he talks about things that have gone wrong in space to cause the Space Junk to be orbiting around in space. Then he proceeds to talk about Crash Course, which is when something is in space and it shouldn't be there, it causes a threat to astronaunts in space. Finally he talks about Little Bits, But a Big Deal. In this paragraph he is explaining that even though it may seeem like a small thing to us here on earth, but in space it is a big deal and it could cause serious problems for future space travel.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 972.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"The additional information needed to replicate this experiment included the starting shape and size of the sample, how much vinegar is being poured into the container and last what is being used to determine the mass of the samples.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9682.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word "" invasive"" to the article is to state the dangerous threat species from another ecosystem have' on another; In the article, it is said that a python eat a aligator, this is considered ""invasive"" cause it has no real predator in it's new ecosystem and it can vasely increase in numbers.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11057.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,1.mRNA will go to the RER.2.Then it moves into a ribisome.3.Next mRNA moves into a vessicle4.Finally in fusses into the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17061.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Her display of emotion. When she was asked, 'Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?' she gave no reply. Indicating that she had felt pressure attempting to help the family.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3918.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"Based on the data. I can see that most of the plastic wraps either stayed the same or increased on the length stretched out. I can say the weights did have an impact on how long it stretched out to be overall, it was a good experiment w/ information, but there could've been improvements. Next time I would recommend trying different weights to see if the amount of weight will determined the length. Also, we can add more time to how long the weights stays on the plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21143.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,0.0,"It changes Paul whole outllook on Mr. Leonard and he feels sorry for him. In fact, he feels so bad for him that he starts training with him at end of the passage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 222.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,The first thing is why the students are doing this experiment. Then the second piece of infor mation is the amount of vinegar put in each container. The student also should of told how much distilled water was used to rinse each sample. Finally thier should be a conclusion and a list of materials.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15019.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. tRNA2. lysosomes3. other organelles,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26916.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"dark gray :: By painting the doghouse dark gray, it would affect the inside of the house because it would keep it warm while not ov er heating it. However, if placed in an already warm outside temperature, the inside COULD in fact overheat. So a dark gray doghouse would be pref erable in a cooler enviroment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 9646.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive species such as the Burmese python and the Nile monitar lizard are species you must have a permit so own.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 4985.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Just like phythons, koalas and pandas need their space. They live in a certain enviroment, that they can adapt to. Every animal must adapt to its place at where it lives. They can't just get up and move its not that easy.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 3202.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a.) A conclusion I can draw from the experiment is that that plastic type B has the most stretchability because it stretched the greatest amount of mm which wass 22mm in trial 1 and 23mm in trial 2. ^p b.) The student could improve this experiment by specifying a certain length all polymer plastics should start out as so they all begin on the same level and therefore the data is accurate. Also, the student could specify how many milimeters of each plastic should be taped to the table so they all start put the same length & make the data more accurate.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26385.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,light gray :: Light gray is a good choice because it keeps the doghouse cool on a hot day but it will keep some heat on cooler days.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17436.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,I could tell that she was up set with the way that things were happening to her. Her aunt sees that and offers to make some stuff to sell that comes from her country.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21442.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"At the beginning of the story, Paul thinks that Mr. Leonard is just a grumpy man who wants to get kids in trouble. Then, he helps Paul learn the hurdles, and Paul begins to like him. When the track coach told Paul to search for Mr. Leonard on the internet, Paul learns that Mr. Leonard has a learning disability just like he does. This helps Paul to know that he isn't the only one who feels embarrassed about not being able to read. Paul also realized that Mr. Leonard helped him become so good at something. In return, Paul wants to teach Mr. Leonard how to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 231.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"One piece of information I would need to know in order to replicate the group's procedure is how much of each sample did they put into each vinegar-filled container. I would also need to know how much vinegar was used in each sample container. I would also need to know how much distilled water to use when cleaning the samples. If I used different amounts of water when washing the samples, one may not be as thoroughly washed as another which could mess up the results.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3416.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"A conclusion to be drawn is plastic type B is the most strechy and plastic A is the strongest. Two ways to improve the experiment would be not say ""exatly"" and instant say ""repeat steps"" and to keep the length and width of the plastics constant",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21609.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"Mr. leonard had trouble reading when he was in school.So does paul thats why Mr. Leonard decides to be pauls friend, and he gets paul to like track.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5665.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,A python swallowed an alligator and there's not a delicate way to pot it exploded. Pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of ths continental United States.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 374.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"In order for you to replicate the experiment, you would have to change the time usage to see if there would be a different outcome. Also in step 2 where it says to pour vinegar in each of the four containers, change how they are using vinegar and substitute it for another liquid to see if these would effect anything. Lastly, I would suggest to use another sample or as many as possible to get the most accurate answer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8161.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The world Invasive is used as like the word harmful. In the article it states that species are major threat to biodiversity according to biologists, so that must mean they are harmful.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26622.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: white because if not you could over heat the dog yu want to keep it cool,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 409.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"You would first want to know why this experiment was being conducted, what results where they looking for. You should also need to tell how much and what type of vinegar was being poured into the solutions. Equal masses of each solution as the starting mass would also be",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14749.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cell membrane is permeable and allows substances to enter and leave the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11478.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The protein must be copied by the nucles. Then, it must be taken to each cell. Next, the cell must carry out the function. Finally, the process ends and starts all over again.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26193.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: black because it well make the dog hous e warmer and the results to the black colr is saying it warmer.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14152.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell membrane can only let certain things in and out of the cells,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11487.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"When the mRNA leaves the nucleus, there are four major steps involved in protein synthesis. First, the mRNA takes coded instructions to the nuclues. After that, the instructons are used to assemble the amino acids to the ribosomes. This is taken by the tRNA. The rRNA completes the assembly. Finally, the new strains of ribosomes can be used, finishing protein synthesis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17532.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"That she don't like to talk to people about how she feels. 'Anna,'Rose said. 'what's worng? You feel okay?''I'm fine,' her sister said. ' I just had another bad dream'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20574.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"When Mr. Leonard's past is revealed, it says the two of them on an even field. Paul can now relate to Mr. Leonard and understand that he is not alone. This information allows Paul to respect his 'coach' even more now.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15472.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",2.0,2.0,The first process is possessing a passive transport. This allows certain substances to pass through the membrane without using energy and others are stopped. The second process is osmosis. This is the transfer of water through the cell membrane. The Third process is facilitated diffusion in which energy is used to move molecules across the membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12715.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Th protein starts in your cells then entering your bloodstream.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15106.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"movement, reproduction, and respiration. Movement to move, Reproduct to make more, and respiration to help the body.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21393.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"Because he want's him to find out everything about track and field. and then he find's out Mr. Leonard was a track and field runner and he broke records in college. As a freshman and then he lost his scholarship and flunked out of college, and no one wanted a runner that couldn't read. So he gave up so he wanted to help paul and so paul wouldn't be like Mr. Leonard when he was a kid so he started training paul after school and getting him in shape for track and field. so he can be on the team just like him back in the day.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12346.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,THE PROTIEN IS TRANSFERD,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 27075.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: The lighter the color the lower the temperatu re. The average temperature of the black lid after just 10 minutes was 53 (DEG), the average temperature for the dark gray lid after 10 minutes wa s 48(DEG), the average temperature for the light gray lid after 10 minut es was 45(DEG), and the average temperature for the white lid after just 10 minutes was 42(DEG). Therefore a light gray and white paint would be best to keep the doghouse cool because it heats up slower then the other colors. But if you were to use black or dark gray, it would keep the dog house warmer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6684.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas' and Koalas' both almost only eat one type of food. As said in the article ""A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo..."" Showing that if the panda or Koala were to move to another country they'd need some place with their most eaters food. Pythons are different because wherever it goes an it needs is meat and rodents.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27463.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,dark gray :: The temperature will stay the same in the col d and hot weather. The temperature will never be too hot or too cold.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17422.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose is caring. Her conversation with Anna shows this. Rose asks Anna if she feels okay.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21440.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul realizes that Mr. Leonard can't read just like himself. So Paul now understands why Mr. L told him to meet him after school. Paul then realizes what he could do for Mr. L.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 2838.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,A. The plastic type B could stretch the longest at 22 and 23mm. Also the plastic type D is the only plastic that had the same length of 20mm for both trials. ^p B. Make a control having the clamp (without weight) be measured. Also they could've repeated the experiment by daily one more trial.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 24038.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"First, the author trys to grab your attion. Then he/she explains what the problem is. After that, he/she gives some examples of what has happened over the years which makes up these problems.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 18442.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Feeling the family is on her shoulders, as if she is the one holding everybody together. Paul's body sank down on top of Rose, pushing her to the sandy bottom. She was unable to breath because of the pressure she gets from her entire family.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 24406.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"First, the author gives an introduction, informing the readers what the article will be about. Then the next section explains what space junk is. The explanation includes the background of it, and how it happens. After that section, the author writes about different occurances and the details of space junk. The final section talks about the power of space junk falling from the atmosphere. It also explains why it is a problem and how the problem is being fixed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 10990.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"the dna then begins to reproduce, then mitosis takes place, then the off spring is present.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17728.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"She is very wise like in the conversation with Anna as she said that they needed to get their parts so thier brother, Paul, can pay for their colleges.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9304.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive is used in the article one man's pet, another's invasive species. I feel the words signifiance in the article is that you either think the pythons are an invasive species or not. Some people say that invasive species are a threat to nature and others say that the word invasive is an unfair term.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 421.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"Some additional information I would need in order to replicate this experiment would be the amount of vinegar poured into each seperate containers. If I did not have the data table, I would also need to be told in the procedure what the four different samples are. It would also be helpful to know what type of containers were used. In order to replicate on experiement, the procedure must be precise and not have any information out, or else the data may come out completely different and not be comperable to the first set of data.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12239.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,One the gain energy and the nthey use that energy to build up protein synthesis. It thens to made intop protein and then it goes into protein synthesis.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11387.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The mRNA attaches to the DNA strand. The strand then unzips and tRNA attaches to the unziped DNA strand. It then copy's the nucleotide segment. After it's done copying the nucleotides it goes back to the endoplasmic reticulm and proteins are then made there.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6432.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because they are both a specialist species. According to the article specialist species are species that can't adapt to a different environment than their own. They are different from the python because the python is known as a generalist species, which according to the article means that they can adapt to any environment and be able to survive.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11317.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"1. The mRNA enters into the DNA, and creates a copy of it.2. Then the mRNA gives off information to the tRNA. 3.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15540.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,GOES WITH OTHERE MOVEMENT.IT USES A TAIL.HAS A WAY,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11790.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Anaphase, metaphase, telaphase, and prophase.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6769.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Panda's in China are similar to Koalas in Australia because Panda's eats almost nothing but bamboo. Koalas eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively and they are different from pythons because.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21207.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,Paul becomes fast at the 400m hurdles and Mr. Leonard broke records as a freshman at nationals but they both can't read and Mr. Leonard failed out of college beccause of it. and it shocks paul greatly cause now he is put into an identical postion.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3331.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"In conclution, plastic type A and B did stretch but plastic type C got smaller and plastic type D stayed the same. ^p The student could have found another way to stretch the plastics. Their data could have been put clearer also.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 9736.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word invasive is basically harmful. The author labels pythons as invading where he talks about how ''many invasive species undergo lag before proliferating'' (Achenbach) In addition, MacInnes thinks invasive is not a fair term to use because he feels like we are to quick to label them as harmful, when it would be a great thing.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26925.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,light gray :: light gray won't affect the dog house in any way.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 18621.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Based on the conversation rose had with anna, i would say that rose is this very sincere person who is just some what lost.the reason i say this is because when she is having this talk with anna she talks about how things are going to be ok for them when its timne for them to go to college because paul is going to help them just as her and anna are doing for him,but she doesnt really know if thats really true.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3426.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,A. Based on the data I conclude plastic D is the stretchiest type of plastic. In both trials the plastic stretched the same amount (20mm) ^p B. One way the students could have improved the experiment was to record anything that went wrong. Another way was to create a graph.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21409.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,It shows Paul a different side of life. Also its helps motivate him to keep goin. It make s him want to help Mr.Leonard. Plus its something that Paul understands because in a sense he is kind of like MR.leonard,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3820.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Plastic B has the greatest stretchability.^p The student can improve his experiment if he does more trials, uses different types of weights, increases the hang time, and uses one more plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14980.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,1.They use sodium-potassium pumps to move sodium and potassium in and out. 2.They use vacules to ingulf food through phagocytosis.3. They use markers to deside if the substance is ok to travel into the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21379.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,That he wanted to help Mr. Leonard with his challenge of reading.It said that no other school wanted a runner who could not read.So that Mr. Lenord can go to college to complete his goal.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14419.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They go to where their function is needed. They go along where the substances are supposed to be. They get carried out of the area into a new one.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26963.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: the color white will make it cooler in the do g house so the dog wont get hot with all the fur it has.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 4048.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,The students could have impared the experiment by doing the amount many times to check if it was accurate.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 6131.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Both pandas and koalas have specific dietary needs, and need to stay in an environment where there is an abundance of this food. Pandas need bamboo and koalas need eucalyptus leaves, Unlike the python which can eat any other animal. The python is a generalist and would have an easier time living anywhere compared to pandas and koalas which are specialists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15247.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They control the movement by telling things where to go.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26199.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Well, darker colors absob more heat than ligh ter energy, so if you paint the doghouse black than the inside of the dog house will be warmer than the inside of a white painted doghouse. When Br andi and Jerry used a black lid (dark color) for the experiment the resul ts were in the low 50's range, 52-54 (DEG)C. but when they used the whit e lid (light color) the results were in the low 40's range, 41-43 (DEG)C .",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 4016.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Plastic type B was the weakest and stretches the most, a way to improve the experiment would be to designate what each type of plastic is and how much weight to use on the clamp.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21701.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul is amazed that the hall monitor at his school used to be a track star. When Paul finds out his curiousity is sparked because Paul wonders why Mr. Leonard did not ever tell Paul about his athletic past. Paul questions Mr. Leonard about college and discovers that Mr. Leonard had the same reading problems Paul has. This inspires Paul to help Mr. Leonard learn to read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14562.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The nuclius is the brain of the cell that controls everything. The vacuol takes all unessisary wast and bacteria out of the cell. The mitocondrian surve to maximize cellular reperation by increasing cellular communication.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18533.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is quite humble; she didn't want to tell her aunt the wrong answer to her question, 'Do you feel weighed down by what you're doing to help the family?'. She just wanted a better life for her family in the United States now.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9696.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The significance of the word invasive to the rest of the article has to do with these imported animals that people don't think should be here they are trying to take even MacInnes says however ""the term invasive species is unfair, he says they're introduced."" This is just showing that there are two sides being shown her people who are against invasive species and people who are not.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24562.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author first explains to us what space junk is consisted of. The paragrapghs explain where the debris comes froms and how it got to be there. The next section of the text tells how the debris crashes into each other. The author gives an example of when one American and Russian satellites ran into each other. No matter the size of the debris, the speed can cause serious damage. The conclusion says that space junk is increasing because of more exploration.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17495.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is obviously an optomistic person. During her conversation with Anna in the kitchen, she talks about how she thinks her brother will find a good job after college, and then pay for their college. This is a positive view that an optomistic person would have.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 382.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"To replicate the experiment, I would need to know the amount of vinegar use in each cup. I would also need to know the amount of distilled water for their more explanation 3 must be better explained.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 24177.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,from year to year.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26533.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,white :: It wont be as hot for the dog.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5982.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Panda and koala eat very little. A python on the other hand swallowed an alligator but then explored.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 512.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,I would have to write down what causes acid rain and put chemicals make up acid rain and why isn't it poisoning to humans.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6023.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to Koalas in Australia because both the Panda and Koala only really have one source of food. The Panda eats bamboo and the Koala eats eucalyptus leaves.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9574.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"From facts and how they use the word in the article, I think the word ""invasive species"" is like another word for dangerous or like its trying to take over the environment. I say this because its kind of like the word ""Invade"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14765.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cells use the cell membrane to control what comes in and out of the cell.Because if anything harmful comes in the cell it could damage the newly made cells.And if those get damaged then the cells will not be made or funtion properly.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18380.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She feels like a burden.' rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier.Maybe it wouldn't',https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 10979.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"1. The mRNA leaves the nucleus.2. The mRNA transports to the reticulum.3. The mRNA hooks onto a DNA.4. The mRNA is transported by the tRNA back to the nucleus,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17829.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"I believe she could be seen as a patient person. Because in both conversations she listens to anna and her aunt, and then gives her opinion on the issue at hand.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26395.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: Brandi and Jerry should use the color white f or the dog house because brighter colors reflect light to keep the dor co ol. Unless, it is the winter time and you want to keep the dog warm a dar ker color would be better.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12137.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,It then goes through the dna to the rna and out to the trna which transfers it to the cellular membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21322.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"During the story, the reader gets information about Mr. Leonard's track records. Paul now knows that Mr. Leonard was once a wonderful track star, and he is now helping Paul become better. The background information that has the greatest effect on Paul is that Mr. Leonard has a reading problem, just like him. Mr. Leonard helped Paul to become better at hurdles, now Paul wants to help Mr. Leonard become better at reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3973.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,According to the results shown on the table I can conclude that the plastic type B is the most stretchable. Type B stretched the most at 23 mm. Type D stretched 20mm while type C stretched 14mm. Type A only stretched 12 mm. There are many ways that the group could have improved their design. One thing the could have shown is the initial length of the plastic. Also the group could have shown how much weight they added to the clamps. This would allow me to reproduce their experiment and compare results.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26998.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: i would choose white because it attrackes les s heat to the dog house.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20512.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Mr. Leonard has helped Paul building his skill as a hurdler and Paul decides to help Mr. Leonard learn how to read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23133.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,The author organizes the article by having a shocking first paragraph to bring the readers attention on the article then explains the facts about the topic. Much like an informational PSA would with perhaps Morgan Freeman as the narrator. It starts out interesting doesn't stop being interesting and keeps the viewer/reader wanting to know about the topic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 21151.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"He was intrigued by the efforts of Mr. Leonard and was motivated by him even though he flunked out. Because Mr. Leonard flunked, he had the same feelings about his school work and being embarrassed. In the last sentence, Paul says, ''C'mon, Mr. Lenoard. It's time to start your training.'' He want's to help him to excel at something as Mr. Leonard had for him.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20006.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Mr. Leonard was talking to paul about when he use to be really good in sports until he lost everything; but paul new it was over.So Mr. Leonard is goin to help hem turn his life around so he can make a change not just doing good in sports but in school to.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23221.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The author organize it by explaining each thing that he talks about, like the history of the satellite and who sent the first ones up into space.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23876.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author uses heading in alazised bold font seperate from the original reading that explain what the following words mean.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17147.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose, although feeling pressured, doesn't want to make things harder on anyone or to hurt anyone. She is considerate to others feelings. This trait is revealed in the conversation Anna had with her Aunt Kolab when her aunt asks Rose if she feels weighed down by all that she is doing for the family and Rose doesn't say anything for fear that it would hurt her aunt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17249.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"I think Rose is decribed as a hard worker an is exhausted. In the passage it replies, 'The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restraunt to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework.' This example supports my answer why i think Rose is decribed as a hardworker an is exhausted.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11036.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,the mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes.Ribosomes make the poteins needed and sends them off to the mitochondria to send around the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12600.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"First, the mRNA takes the genetic code to the tRNA. Then the mRNA attaches itself to the tRNA. Next, the mRNA inscribes the code into the tRNA. Finally, the mRNA releases itself and goes back to recieve more of the code.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18273.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is responsible. She puts a lot of stress on herself, with school and work. She tries to do everything. Make money for her and her sister to go to college, help around the house, and then do her homework which she's to tired to focus, and usually falls asleep. In the conversation between Anna and Rose, Rose asked Anna what was wrong, but didn't really care for the response. She just went on to say how she fell asleep writing her essay. Anna then refers to her as acting like mom, which is a role she is trying to play since there mom works late.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3124.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a) The stretchiest kind of plastic was type B. because it stretched the most.^p ^p b) The student could have given the weights and the original length of the plastic in the procedure and made sure they were constant.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 963.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,The information that the procedure is missing to be able to replicate the experiment is the size of the containers. The size of each sample and how much vinegar did they use. Without these missing information then you can not replicate the experiment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14262.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",2.0,2.0,Active transport- diffusion against the concentration gradient.Passive transport- diffusion along the concentration gradient.Diffusion- The random movement of praticles from an area of high concentraion to low concentration.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 462.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,2.0,"Three pieces of additional information that I would need are as follows. First, how much vinegar are they pouring in the containers? Secondly, how large should the samples be? The last thing I would want to know is what temperature should the vinegar be.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14428.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"There is active transport, passisve transport, and diffusion.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14958.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Diffusion which is a process where substances are transported across the cell membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23280.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The author at the beginning, grabs your attention by saying shocking facts. Next, the author jumps right into factual information, such as: space junk. Then, the author discusses the harmful use of the present time. Lastly, the author talks about the future harms to come to space by talking about countries launching satelites into space, which will cause an extreme load of space junk.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26688.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: The best color for the dog house is white. This is because acording to Brandies and Jerrys experiment the white dog house gives the least amount of heat into the dog house. For the Black dog house the average temperature would be 53(DEG)C for the Dark Grey dog house the average temperature would be 48(DEG)C for the Light Grey dog house the teperature would be 45(DEG)C and the White dog house would have a temerature 42(DEG)C. Acording to this data the best color for a dog house would be white.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 4981.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialists. Both eat almost nothing but a certain type of plant from their native lands. Both koalas and pandas are different from pythons in that, according to the author, pythons are generalists. They are able to live in many places though small adaptations such as eating whatever animals they can find.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17961.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Stressed because she is in a situatuion where she has to support her family and when she talks to her aunt she expresses her stressfulness.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 18216.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Confused, because she has an urge to talk about it with people to find out what to think of it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6584.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,Pandas in China are similar to Koalas in Australia because they're both specialists China's panda exclusively eats bamboo and Australia's Koalas exclusively eats eucalyptus leaves. These two Animals are different from pythons because pythons are generalists that can live almost anywhere and adapt to eating types of food.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6679.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas and koalas are different from pythons because they are mainly in China and Austraila where pythons are spreading everywhere.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 25996.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: Brandi and Jerry should paint their doghouse white because the color absorbs less heat, so it will keep it cool and no t too hot for the doggy.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14449.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Difisuionossmossis,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1277.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"In order to replicate this experiment, you would need to know were the samples were. Some may have been warmer then others and some may have been cooler. This may have been effected the experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17157.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,She seems to be very hardworking like when she felt that it was urgent to relate to the dream and it needed to be done.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3560.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"Extend the time of the weight longer, like about 10 minutes more. Use different materials.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18514.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"In her talk with her Aunt Kolab, Rose feel that it's up to her to keep the family running and keep there hopes up, while supporting them money wise. She feels over pressured in the situation. Aunt Kolab offers her help to their family and take some pressure off of Rose.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17019.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is caring, she says her and her sister have a part to do to help Paul finish college.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3813.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"a.Based on the data I concluded that plastic B was the best plastic in trial 1 it measured 22 mm and trial it measured 23mm meaning it was the sturdiest plastic. ^p b. The student could have measured the plastic before doing the experiment, making it a free trial, and the students could have added the weights and see how much weight it could hold before it fell to the floor instead of waiting for 5 minutes.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3020.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"a) A conclusion based on the student's data that I can draw is the Plastic all stayed around. The same amount stretched from T1 to T2 if any thing it was 1mm or 2mm of the first TI. ^P B) Two way the students could have improved the experiment design/or validity of the results was to do more than one way to stretch the bags, and to do 3 trails each.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26430.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: In the experiment they said darker colors aso rb more heat, and you do not want more heat in you're dogs house. And you dont want you're dog to overheat so I picked white so it stays cool duri ng the summer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3257.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,a. Based on the student's data I conclude that plastic type D has the most stretchability than all the other plastic types. In both trials they stretched to 20mm while the other plastic types didnt that far. ^p Two ways the student would have improved the experimental design/ validity is 1) did one more trial to make sure its possible stretchability. 2) used same materials.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 5823.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The koala and the panda are similar because they don't eat meat or other animals.''China's panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australias koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves.'' Both are different from the python which is a carnivore and the python is much more dangerous.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27313.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,dark gray :: the dark Gray Color Is fine becuz iTs Not to dark and its not too brigth. Dark Gary had A 48(DEG)c avg And The Darkes t is black which HAd a 53(DEG)c avg also the brightest which is wh ite had a 42(DEG)c avg,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6416.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialists they both have very specific eating habits. They are different from the generalist python because pythons can adapt better around humans. They eat a variety of foods and can live in different places.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24276.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by breaking down the main points into sessions instead of just reading it with no explanation. It starts off with a problem, the problem is explained, the problem happens, then finally it says how the problem can be taken care of. The introduction is riveting and makes makes people want to read more of the article. It holds attention by starting off with seeing something up in the sky. The next two paragraphs explian what space junk is. It tells what is happening in space and how many problems arrived in space. They raise the awarness of what is happening in space and how it could be a problem in the future. The section titled Crash Cousrse tells us the problem. It says how it is not safe and how an accident happend in space with all the debris flying around. Finally, the last section tells us how we can care. Clean-up is possible. But, it is still dangerous in space. Many fragments float around that cannot be detected. It also says that space agencies are working together to make space debris free. The article is organized chronoligically. They state, a problem, and throughout the paragraph, they say what happens and how efforts are being amde to make it better.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23723.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"he organizes this article by breaking it down into things of importance. by first explaining what space junk is, then how important it is and how much it can effect us. then by breaking it down to the sizes of the space junk.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26298.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Using a black paint color for the doghouse wi ll make the doghouse nice and warm for a dog during the cold seasons when a doghouse is needed the most. Due to the data, a black lid color had an average of 53(DEG)C. That will affect the doghouse by making the doghou se much more warmer in temperature. A white lid only had an average of 42 (DEG)C, making it too cold for the dog. That's why a black doghouse is b est for a doghouse to keep the dog warm.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21212.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The effect that the background information has on Paul was that he became motivated for something he had never done before. He had felt like he had something in common with Mr. Leonard. Mr. Leonard went through the same troubles as Paul is now. Mr. Leonard said that he could not read either.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5088.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Panda's and Koalas are the same because of their diet and because they aren't in the bear family.The different between panda and a Koala versus a snake is the snake is smaller animal is more dangerous.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14896.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"flagellun, cell membrane, cell",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14233.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cells absorb it and carry it to where it has to go. the cell pushes it. the cell flows with it to make it go where it has to go,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3233.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"In conclusion,you can conclude that plastic B measured the longest which was 12 (T1) and 23 (T2), also you can see that plastic type D had came the closes to plastic B, plastic D measured 20mm for both trials^p b) They could improve their experiment if the actually added more minutes each trial to see different outcome and compare. Also, could've added more weights.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23109.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,It is organized by the revelance of the junk in space. It first gives us knowledge about it then explains how it has damaged satelites.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24012.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"First, it starts off how every good essay starts off. With a good hook, to bring readers into it. Next comes the beginning statement, the sentence that tells the audiance what the writer is writing about and where they stand. After that, you have the body, which, in this case, is made up of the history of space travel, the information of how much and what makes up the debris, and finally, the impact it has on our space explorers. After these statements, comes the closure of the article, giving all of the well rounded information that it is steadily increasing.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20231.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"The backround information that Paul gets makes him want to try even more it inspiras him to want to go to school and get good grades, succeed, be confedent and learn how to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20043.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul is shocked that Mr. Leonard never told him and he wants to know why. Then he realizes Mr. Leonard was trying to help him achieve something and he was very grateful and felt that he should do the same for him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8336.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" to me it sounds like its comparing to something in the article it says, ""I think that invasive is passing judgement,"" so I'm thinking it means like same thing your comparing to or something not normal.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 18032.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,'Only if you have everything.' Rose always seems negative with no hope.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14769.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",2.0,1.0,"Diffusion, this distibutes molecules evenly.Osmosis, water distributing evenly. Active Transport, the cell itself using energy to move materials.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14479.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,Diffusion controls whether certain substances move across the cell membrane.Osmosis is the movement of water across the cell membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20392.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"At first Paul was a little shocked that Mr. Leonard had not told him about his successes as a runner. The author tells us that Mr. Leonard smiled sadly after realizing what it was. Mr. Leonard then went on to explain the whole situation and this inspired Paul. After their conversation about Mr. Leonard's past, Paul decides to encourage the both of them to begin training together as stated by the final sentence; 'C'mon, Mr. Leonard,' i said, walking back to the school. 'It's time to start your training.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20205.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Paul needs help and needs to work more harder on the way he exercises. Paul needs to be concentrated and very smart to try new things.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20586.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The effect on the backround information on Paul seemed like they made them very similair in a way. Mr. Leonard was a good athelete and couldnt read. Paul became a good athlete and is trying his harderst to learn how to read. There is a connection between them. When they first met Mr. Leonard knew his own past and found out that Paul could not read. Mr. Leonard wanted Paul to be like him in a way just be better. The backround information that Paul found out made him realize that they are the same and that Mr. Leonard just wanted to help Paul with his future and not be a hall monitor but to be somthing more succesful.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14256.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Translation, obsorbs food. Endocytosis, when food enters. Exocylosis, when waste exits.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26435.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: It will be the hottest because darker colors absorb more energy.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5881.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Koalas and pandas are both specialist animals that only eat a cenant type of plant. Well a python is a generalist and eats any thing that is isining and small enough.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21739.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,It tells Paul that he can do something that is worth his time and effort. It explains to Paul that he is capapble and he just has to start learning now because college is just as hard if not harder.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5874.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both like to feed on vegiterien food such as bamboo for the pandas an eucalyptus leaves for the koalas. They differens between them and python are that python seem to like to eat meat produces which pands an koalas don't.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6513.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar. ""It's no accidental that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans"" or for example pandas and koalas. But on the other hand pythons are different ""animals such as lizards and snakes and, at least in this culture, to be less responded or supported"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20819.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The background information helps Paul understand why Mr. Leonard wanted him to try the hurdles and do well in the remedial reading program. Paul is then very empathetic toward Mr. Leonard and is probably going to try teach him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 9688.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significate to this article because it is a term that some people feel isn't used correctly when speaking about the pythons. MacInnes, the co-owner of Glades Herp Farms believes that the term ""invasive species"" is unfair. However, biologist believe that a python is a invasive species and is a threat to biodiversity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23695.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by different concerns. For example, the first section, 'What Is Space Junk?' describes what 'space junk' is and how it negatively affects the environment. The second section, 'Crash Course', describes how the colliding of satellites affects the amount of microsatellites 'flying through space', which proposes a huge problem for astronauts trying to maneuver around them. The last section, 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal', describes that while the space debris may be very small they can pose a lot of damage on other spacecrafts, which could ultimately jeopardize the safety of astronauts.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20926.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"During the story the reader understands that Paul has a hard time reading. When he meets Mr. Leonard, Paul becomes motivated by him. By going out for track, Paul finds out that Mr. Leonard was once a renowned tack star but failed to stay in school because of his grades. Paul becomes inspired to succeed in school and track for Mr. Leonard. The last paragraph, Paul remembers what Mr. Leonard did for him and wants to help Mr. Leonard with his reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8837.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The title of the story mentioned the word ""invasive"", the word has an important significance to the rest of the article. The author included the positive and negative side of the reptile argument to eliminate bias. Invasive refers to the negative side. As the author noted, biologists say that invasive species inherited by natural predators are major threats to biodiversity.The word invasive refers to this argument that new reptiles are dangerous.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23039.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,"He starts off by telling about clusterd space is. Then he goes on to talk about how this can be a threat to earth. For instance, when two dead satellites collide it doesn't just make two things of debris in space it makes many microdebris that can hit the earth, plane, or even a spacecraft.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17677.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,0.0,Rose has sympathy for people. She does not want to hurt others feelings. In the story it says that if Rose told the truth than it might hurt her aunts feelings.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11855.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1.The mRNA gets packaged up by the Golgi Apparatus.2.The proteins travel through the Endoplasmic Reticulum.3.The nucleus sends information to tell the ribosomes how to make the protein and for what functions.4.Ribosomes make the protein and is put into use.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23726.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,he give goods examples and then he uses alot of facts to back up what he was talking about. he also uses alot of information about past accendets that happend in space cause of debris.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20523.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,paul feels petrayed becuase he should have told him at the begginning that he was a star .,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8206.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The word invasive signifies intrution or being where they are not suppost to be. As stated in paragraph 9 say that invasive can go any where. Species that invasive species are unrecognised by other species do to them not belonging there.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 27294.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,:: do they want the dog house to be warmer or co oler: if they want to have the dog house warm all year choose black paint . if they want ithe dog house cooler all year then chose white paint. if they want the dog house to be luke-warm chose gray paint. if they wanted it to be medeum-cold chose light gray paint. not enof info to tell what you are asking for,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21685.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"paul i surprised at the information, he didnt know that he had been training with a track star. and he was disapointed thet Mr. Leonard hadnt told him about this before.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23096.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,The author organizes the article in different sections to make it more interesting to the reader. The author puts an eye catching opener to get the readers attention at the beginning and then goes on to explain the purpose of the article. They include interesting information and make it fun to read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20691.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,Paul relizes that he is not alone and has a coach who delt with the same things as he currently is. Paul is suprised when he first finds out and then when Mr. Leonard tells him more of the story he understands why he is helping him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 21321.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"Paul began to realize how much his teacher, Mr. Leonard, and he had in common. Paul was just now learning why this man had came to him in the first place, he couldn't possibably know what Mr. Leonard wanted with him. So Paul was in surpirse with him or maybe a little disapointed that he wasn't giving the information or the insight on his mentor.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24330.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,He buts the article into diffenert group so you can read about the one group at a time,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9043.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word invasive to this article is that the species is amuser by the world or where it is living at to the article where MacInnes said that ''they're 'introduced' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgement.'' He is trying to say that these species used to be known about for that they can attract because we help raise many live that State. I think he is also trying to inform us that even if you don't know the species, it doesn't mean that they are invasive to the world.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17237.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose seems to go along with what other people have to say. She doesn't seem like one to get angry with people very easily. When Anna got disrespectful with the way she was talking to Rose, Rose never once got angry or back-talked Anna.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6101.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Panda's in China are different from koalas in Australia because pandas in China eats almost nothing but bamboo but koalas eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively but the pythons would eat everything.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26224.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: when the jar had a black lid the average temperature after 10 minute was 53(DEG), when the lid was white the average ttemperature was 42(DEG) because the black lid made the jar warmer the doghouse's roof should be painted black to keep the inside of the dog house and the dog warmer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 4029.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,With the data recorded. I know that plastic type B is the most it stretchable of the four plastics type I tested. ^p It would of been wise to state what the plastics were for and how much the weight's weighed.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 13978.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,PHILANGES AND TINY HAIRLIKE STRUCTURES ON THE OUTSIDE OF A CELL THAT HELP THE CELL GATHER FOOD AND SOMETIMES EVEN MOVE. IONIC CHANNELS ONLY LET IN CERTIAN AMOUNTS OF CERTAIN SUBSTANCES THIS CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF PROTIENS GETTING INTO THE CELL. THE PARTS OF A CELL ARE HELD TOGETHER BY THE CYTOPLASM AND MEMBRANE. THIS DOES NOT ALLOW FOR FOREIGN THINGS TO BE ABLE TO PENETRATE THE CELL.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15346.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The Cell moves the to another place.The membrane controls where the cells go.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20376.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,0.0,"The information that paul has on mr. Leonard has a positive effect, he thinks about his future and what he could do to change it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15025.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Wall cells are in plants to keep the strucure of it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11477.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,water air sunlight soil photosynthesis,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 48.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"There could be more than 1 test for each sample. There could also have a constant added to the expariement. Also, there are to softy instanchings in the experiment like put on goggles before eyes where gloves when touching the vinegar",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17349.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,One trait I identified was that she was more preoccupied with what was going on with her then however eveybody else felt.A detail from the story is when Rose ignored what her sister had to say and went on about her essay. She was more concerned about the essay then Rose's bad dream or how she was feeling.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3382.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,Conclusion type B of the plastic was the least strong and stetches the most type of was the strongest and only stetched about mm. Two wats the student could of improve the experimental disen would have more trials and what is the length of the plastic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14000.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. the cell can control the membrane cause its part of the cell2. the cell can control the membrane like we can do same to ours3.the cell sends a it threw littel tiny cells to the membrane,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 915.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,2.0,"In order to replicate the experiment, I would need to know how to find the mass of the samples, possibly using an electronic balance. I would also need to know how big of a container to use. Sometimes, if you have a lot of vinegar, the results will be different. I would also need to know the purpose of the lab. Is it to see the effects vinegar has on each of the sambles?",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 425.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,What was the purpose for them doing this experiment? ^p Why did they choose to set up there lable this way? ^p And for me to replicate the procedure would be impossible due to the fact that there's no problem also there not alot of information provide that examples the directions.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5189.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to kolas in Australia because pandas only eat bamboo and kolas only eats eucalyptus. Pandas and kolas are different from pythons will eat anything for example in paragraph 14 python swallowed an alligator.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18359.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab would be troubled. You know this because she feels weighed down, I know this because she agrees but doestnt tell Aunt Kolab about being weighed down.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26960.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,1.0,dark gray :: it is the second high est and it should keep the dog house worm with out geting to hot,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 4936.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,China's panda is similar to Australia's Koala because in the article it states that the panda only eats bamboo and the koala eats eucalyptus leaves constantly. they both only eat one thing and are different from pythons because they eat multiple things (not plants) and are more vicious.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15683.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cells carry information to other cells. Cells push out unwanted or unnecessary materials from the body.Cells created other cells.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20104.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,When paul gets background information about Mr. Leonard he was very surprized also he wondered what happend to him. He understude him because Paul also was not good in school.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 300.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"The group of students should add a control to see the different between the samples and the control. In the experiment procedure also doesn't put the different samples of four like (marble, limestone, wood, plastic) The purpose of this experiment should be a group of student what is the different samples of the mass of flour after let them dry for a certain time.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26148.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"light gray :: The doghouse should be light gray because tha t way the air temperature isn't to hot or to cold, it's just about in the middle.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20529.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,"It made him think about his reading problem, and that he needs to keep it up and he'll get better, which motivated him to help Mr. Leonard to learn to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14153.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1.REPRODUCTION2.MOVEMENT3.ENERGY,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1183.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"The group should include more information about what problem they are investigating, there is nothing whatsoever about the statement of what they are trying to figure out another thing needed to replicate the experiment would be the amount of marble, limestone, wood and plastic. The students need to say exactly how much of each of these substances they used. They would also need to specify the amount of vinegar that was poured into the containers so that there is and an exact, identical amount.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15599.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,photosynthisis,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12618.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The protein leanes./,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 27481.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"dark gray :: If Brandi and Jerry used the color dark gray for their doghouse that would be the best color because it would keep the doghouse warm and cool depending on the seasons. The color dark gray in the jar experiment had an average of 48(DEG)C. That makes the temp erature of the doghouse in general, not to hot and not to cool based on t he jar experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21102.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,0.0,"Paul finds out Mr. Leonard was actually a very good athlete. He went to nationals for track and field and broke records. He also found out Mr. Leonard was not very smart, and that he flunked out of college. This made Paul want to help Mr. Leonard to get back up and get into track and field again. Paul wants to train him now.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6409.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,Pandas in China are very similar to koalas in Australia because they don't eat other animals. Pandas eat bamboo and koalas eat leaves.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8877.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Invasive essentially means invading something. For example, invading someones home by unwanted visitors or invading privacy is invasive.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14706.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The first processe is RNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23991.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"They organized it by stating the problem, saying what is causeing the problem, and how it got there.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17057.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,One trait would be the ability to think deeply. She comes up with the idea to make special treats.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14540.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,-mRNA carries out messages throughout the cell-tRNA transfers energies throughout the cell-rRNA reproduces,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21510.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,"When Paul finds our Mr. Leonards past he was shocked. Paul was shocked because of what Mr. Leonard has been doing for him, how he has been helping him through the obstacles in his life. How he is trying to get Paul to over come them. He knows what Paul is going through and he knows that nothing, not even the small obstacles can stop a person who can't read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14352.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,diffusion only allows certain particles to leave and enter the cell.Osmosis only allows a certain amount of water to go through the cell.the cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 211.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"The procedure is missing a few initial details about the experiment. There should be a control of how much vinegar is placed into each cup and the percentage of the vinegar should also be same to each cup. The group should explain more on how the samples will be washed since if they washed them in a jer a sink pieces could chip off, decreasing the mass. The group also needs to be more specific on the containers being used: whether they have atop and if they all are the same color and size.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9660.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Invasive is the word of significance because it explains how each animal is diffrentley from one anathe and in the and in the story it says "" invasive species"" is unfair he said. They're introduced: I think that ""invasive"" is passing judgement"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14249.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They have the same cells so they can move from place to place.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9781.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive is significant to this article. It is because of this article, there are two sides, one who believes these animals are ""invasive"" and one who feels they are being introduced. They are invasive because they have major threats to biodiversity and what would happen when the natural barriers are removed. On the the other hand for example, RobRoy MacInnes believe these animals are a wonderful introduction.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12297.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,step 1--g1 phasestep 2--sPhasestep 3--g2 phasestep 4--mPhase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 256.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,Additional information that you will need in order to replicate the experiment was how much vinegar was put into container. How long do you rinse the samples ? Do the samples stay outside or inside ? Day or night ?,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14773.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The use of RNA MRNA and singnals let iff by DNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1595.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,2.0,"Additional information needed to replicate this experiment can be a number of this. One important thing would be how much vinegar are you pouring in the containers. Without putting the same amount, it can change the mass of the samples. Another thing is in step three the material and what you are labling should be stated. How are you going to know what to label it as and what material it is.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5172.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The panda and the koala both are specialist species. They eat only one type of food and introducing them to a different part of the world would be nearly impossible, while a python can be introduced to any part of the world because it can adapt better. A python swallowed an alligator. Pythons can eat any thing while pandas and koalas can't adapt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 3205.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a. Plastic type B has shown to be the most stretchable polymer plastic by stretching about 23 mm. ^p b. One way the student could have improved the experimental design is by doing more trials. Another way would be writting down how many weights they added to each plastic type.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 9227.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"""Invasive"" is a significant word in the story because not only did the article talk about animal species it talked about humans also being invasive to this planet. The pythons are taking over the Everglades and endangering species and humans are being the same by using up all natural resources.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 9198.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive is referring to species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity, said Biologists. Aren't all pythonsInvasive because they're from Asia and people in the U.S particully down south don't like them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24336.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,The author organizes the problem by starting at the beggining when we first started exploring space. Then the author goes in order from there and tells us how so much debri gets into the orbit around earth. Then the author tells us how dangerous it is and how we can detect it but there is nothing we can do about it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20656.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"The background information the reader gets effected Paul by motivating him. He felt as if everyone has a strong point and that everyone deserves help in something no matter what it is. Also, it makes him feel like everything gets better with practice.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23705.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"It organize the article telling the readers What Is Space Junk, Crash Course, and Little Bits, But a Big Deal. Its letting readers know whats going on in outterspace. Most people believe that outterspace may not be as dangerous but the narrator is trying to persuade the readers outterspace is more dangerous than being on earth.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3571.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,The conclusion for this experiments is the plastic the trials the most stretchable: In trial 1 the amount stretched was 22mm. In trial 2 the amount stretched was 23mm. ways the students could have improved the experiment design or validity of the results is to include the length before it was stretched and keep the amount of heights constants.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 5759.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,A panda bear is similar to a koala bear because they both are specialist. Also panda bears eat nothing but bamboo and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively where pythons are generalist.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5383.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The article states that both pandas in china and koalas in Africa are similar. They are both specialists. However, the article also states that pythons are generalist and can pretty much live anywhere in the world. Pandas and koalas need specific food and a specific climate in order to survive.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 4941.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"A panda beer is similar koala to a koala bear because they both only eat one food for the most part. Pandas eat bamboo, while koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. But a python is a more diverse and invasive animal. I eats a broader range of things from smaller reptile to amphibians.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 2917.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,The plastic type D is stretched the same amount in both trials. One thing they could of improved on is they should have have 3 trials not just 2.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1471.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,2.0,The group will need to put to the following information. What are the four different samples. What type of containers will be needed. Also what size. They will also need to put in there lab is what is the temp of the vinegar. (The temperature should be consistant),https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17276.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that describes Rose based on her conversations would be Stubborn, I think that Rose is very stubborn and somewhat ungrateful. she is stubborn because she complains about everything, she doesnt take anything for granted and never wants to give up on what she wants. In a way its a good thing that Rose is stubborn because people cant take advantage of her and she wont stop trying something until she wins. But on the other hand she can hurt people and can be annoying. this is the trait I chose that best fits Rose.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9450.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" is wrong. There not invaded because they were introduced. macInnes thinks that ""invasive"" is passing judgement. As a matter of fact he think that its a wonderful introduction.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 5555.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas are much different than pythons. Pandas and koalas are dependent on one food source making it hard for them to survive. They only eat bamboo and eucalyptus leaves. A python has better survival skills because it eats many thing and is not just dependent on one thing.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20557.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,to standy on top of things,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 22955.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by catching your attention with shocking statements made in the introduction. After that, the author explains three different problems that space junk creates. At the end the author summarizes the article with a conclusion.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24110.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,by informitive paragraphs,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 2969.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"A)In conclusion, plastic type B has stretched the most probably not the most dependable material. The best plastic type would be A. Plastic type A can withstand the most support of weight in the bag so you don't have to worry about it ripping. ^p B) These students should have conducted a third trial. It would have made for finding a better average of stretching on the plastic type. Also explain how much weight was stretching these plastic bags.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14992.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,CELL WALLNUCALUS,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27062.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"dark gray :: First, where ever you live if it's always war m i would paint it light colored. But if the area you live in is always c old i would paint it a dark color. My theory is, your dog is going to sta y warm if the weather is always warm. Your dog will be warm during the da y or night when your dog house is a dark color. The dark color is going t o attract the energy.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26522.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: the color white would affect the doghouse bec ause the tempuature will be cooler.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 1428.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"The three things that need to be added to replicate this experiment is to place marble, limestone, wood, and plastic each in a different cup filled with vinegar. At the beginning you need to determine the mass of a piece of limestone, marble, wood, and plastic. At the end after you determine the mass calculate the difference in mass by subtracting the first mass of limestone, marble, wood and plastic by by the ending mass of each.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14231.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"the cell membrane controls them by having openings only certain substances can go in, by making a substance that wont allow them to come in and by letting some in",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3638.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a) Plastic type B can stretch the most, while A has the most tensile strength because it streched the least. ^p b) The student could have improved their design by having the plastic be the same lenghth for each plastic. For example each could be a foot long. A second change would be to put the same amount on each plastic, for example each could have a lag weight.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23952.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The organization of the article is simple, yet very effective for the reader to truly understand the concept of space junk. In the beginning with the article called 'Orbiting Junk' the author creates an intresting lead in to draw in the reader. After that paragraph the author proceeds in the body paragraph to tell the leader about space junk and the dangers that causes to other satellites. I especially liked how the author organized the paragraph called 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal.' I liked this because I had no idea that a tool bag would be such a treat if it was free-floating in space. I like how it discussed the damages it caused by using a metaphor about sand and the dangers it held. Through this organization of introduction, body, and conclusion, the reader was able to understand how space junk is a serious matter.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24728.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author seems to organize the article with a clearly defined introduction that is titled 'Orbiting Junk' that is used to introduce the subject. The author then uses two sections to explain what 'space junk' is and why it is such a big danger. He then proceeds to have a conclusion section titled 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal', which explains why such small pieces of debris can prove to be very harmful.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 274.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"If trying to replicate this experiment, you would need more information. You need to know how much vinegar to poor into the containers. You will also need to know what to label your container. How do you determine the mass of the samples when trying an experiment, you need to make sure that you have all of the correct information before starting your project.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3882.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a.) The student's data shows that the type B plastic is the most stretchy while type A plastic is the least stretchy. Type C is almost the same firmness as A, and D has almost the same stretch as B. ^p b) The students could have improved their experiment by stating the weight of the weights they used, to make sure they used the same weight for each plastic type. They could have repeated the experiment more, to validate their results.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 6349.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas and koalas are similar because they both live in hot climates. They both exclusively eat one kind of food . Pandas and koalas are different from pythons because pandas and koalas are mammals and a python is a reptile.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27056.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: the color white might effect the dog house be cause it absorbs less sun light then black ,dark grey or light grey. what this would do is make it so it would not be to hot in the dog house",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20015.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The background information about Mr. Leonard has a good effect on Paul. It shows Paul that he is not alone with his reading problem. Also, that Mr. Leonard was a great runner but without education Mr. Leonard did not become sussccefull in life. It shows Paul that he has to work hard in every aspect of life. Paul learns to be kind and help someone that helped him. Like, at the end after learning Mr. Leonard's past and how he can't read. Paul offters to train him and help him read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 21584.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul finds out Mr. Leonards history with running he was curious why he stopped. So he asked him about it. When Mr. Leonard tells him about not being able to read and that he flunked out of high school, Paul knew how he felt. Now Paul wants to keep running, and help Mr. Leonard learn to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 100.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,The group should of added the amount of vinegar used for control. Also they should have compared at least one more trial material before reply 2conclusion.The recommended sizes of the samples should have also been stated in order for the conclusion to be easy to compare with other group attempting to complete this experiment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8264.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive "" to the rest of the article. The word invasive means species or supspecies also bold for example when it mentions.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3354.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,Plastic D is concictast with how much it stretches state that they are using different plastics state the weight that was added.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15593.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,three processes are tRNA mRNA and rRNA and those trafer thing throught the membrane of the cell to synthesize proteins,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23066.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,By telling you what the space junk is and then explaining the great things about it and the bad things that can happen as well.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12193.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The mRNA a will deliver the protein to the tRNA in wich it will be compied and split apart. The rRNA willl then Recopy the other part of the srtand,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20842.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul could relate to what Mr. Leonard went through. Paul knew how it felt to not be able to read, and knew also how it felt to overcome that obstacle. This is shown when it says, 'The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me.' The learned information also shows Paul finding a sense of leadership and initiative. He not only overcomes his inability to read, but finds an outlet, and takes leadership in both. In running track, he gets on the high school team, and in reading, is able to help Mr. Leonard learn as well.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11701.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. RNA ARRIVES- FROM OTHER CELL2.RNA COPIED- TRANSLATION 3.RNA TRANPORTED- THROUGH mRNA4. RNA LEAVES- TO GO TO OTHER CELL,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26386.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"black :: This color will make the doghouse absorb more light. Because it is black, heat will absorb on this faster then dark gr ay, light gray, or white.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8740.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The word ""Invasive"" means that the organism gets into the enviornment where it was not origionally introduced or supposed to be and is very difficult or impossible to get rid of. Italso means itchanges the enviornmental chain. Pythons are slowly killing off the keylargo wood rat, changing the diets of other animals in the process.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 27244.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: I chose white because from the results of the experiment, white had the lowest average temperature of 42(DEG)C which means that the inside of the doghouse would be cooler for the dog if the sun is shining on it all day.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3343.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,My conclusion is that plastic type B stretch the farthest than the others. Two ways could of improved their experiments is adding more trials and adding weights to the bags.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 5675.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because in the article it states that they can live anywhere, but eat very little. It says pandas eat bamboo and koalas eat leaves. They differ from pythons because koalas and pandas are specialists and a python is a generalist.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9199.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Although the word ""Invasive"" means passing judgement. I believe that invasive spoars means passing judgement that reptiles shouldn't be kept as have pets.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 9235.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive is used throughout the article because new species that come in ""take over"" the environment. The article says the term ""invasive"" species is unfair because the animals are more introduced.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26982.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: it is warmer than other colors,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8692.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The significance of the word invasive is that inf animals that are removed from their habitat are now placed in another habitat and is basicly invading the animals that reside that habitat.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26634.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,dark gray :: it wont be too hot or too cold.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14040.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,cell wall which controls what goes in and out of the cell.nucleas is the brain of the cell/centermitochondria is the power house helps keep things moving,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9665.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Invasive in my judgement means harmful, or invading. How it relates to the article is its talking about pesty reptiles, so the significance of the word makes sense in the article.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20019.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul seemed shocked that Mr. Leonard never told him that he was an awesome runner. But was shocked to find out that Mr. Leonard never could read. I feel like Paul feels better knowing that Mr. Leonard couldn't read either, and that he wants to help Mr. Leonard out by teaching him how to read better. Just like Mr. Leonard did by helping him get on the track team. I think Paul found out at a good time, because I feel like that if Paul knew that from the beginning he would never actually try to learn to run with Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14481.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,osmosis- is the movement of water through the cell membrane. diffusion- is the movent of any substance through the cell membrane.flegella- the flegella are arms that help the cell move and let substances travel through the cell membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11034.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,it goes from mrna to trna ro rrna to rna,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12436.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",2.0,2.0,The ribosome comes to the mRNA strand. Then two rRNA molecules start to decode the strand. As it decodes a protien is produced on the outside of the ribosome. When it reaches the stop codon the protien is finished and the ribosome leaves the mRNA strand.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 796.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,0.0,I need the viger the area and the weight to know the mass.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14145.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cell wall is the first form of protection for the cell which controls what comes in and goes out of the cell. The second peice of protection is the cell membranewhich also helps filture the things coming and going.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5021.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Panda's in china are similar to koalas in Australia they only eat one type of food and don't cause a threat. unlike the phythons who eat many things and people are scared of them.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18203.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One trait is that Rose is optimistic; she looks at things positively. Rose said 'We have our part to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college.' Even though it's a rough situation, she's looking at what good can come out of it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17844.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rosa seems to be a hard-working young woman. Despite how weighed down she felt, she was willing to do whatever she could to support her family. She even got a job and went to school and was struggling to write a very long essay. She said to Anna that they had their part to do to help their brother finish college.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6280.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,Panda's in China are similar to koala's in Australia because they both exclusively eat one item. Panda bears eat only bamboo and koala's exclusively eat eucalyptus leaves. They are both different from pythons because pythons are generalist and can live mainly anywhere and eat almost anything.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17809.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is very understanding. We see an example of this in the story during the conversation she had with Anna. She understood that Papa had to work to put Paul through college, while Ana did not seem to be so understanding.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5566.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The pandas in China are similar to the koalas in Australia because they both have on especific food that they eat. Pandas and koalas are different from pythons because pythons move from place to place adapting to new environment while the pandas and koalas stay in the same place.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15132.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,they can move across water. They eat the other fish. The can swim,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1108.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,What you would need nothing everything seems to be alright with the procedures.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 18393.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose is a very busy person.It said that her aunt' offer had somehow made her feel lighter. It made the weight on her shoulders lighten up a bit.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26767.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: Black paint well keep the doghouse warmer because the black lid was avaraged 54(DEG)C ware as white paint was only 42(DEG)C. So there would be an avarge of about 12(DEG)C diffence b etween the white and black paint.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8632.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The word invasive makes the wild pythons seem extremely dangerous. Throughout the article you can see that the pythons are ""dangerous"" is a sence but they need to adapt and survive.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 2884.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Plastic type A was the stretchiest. The student could have improved the validity of the results by doing more trials in the investigation, and by measuring the plastic prior to the experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26941.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: it'll make the dog house a lot more cooler be cuase the lighter the color the less heat is attracted to it by the sun.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 19956.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"The information that Paul gets about Mr.Leonard was that he was the hall monitor when Paul stared middle school.He tells Paul that he wanted him to come to the gym at 2:30 so paul did and he remeber that Mr.Leonard did the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals and broke the record, but he lost he scholarship and flunked out because he couldn't read.So Paul wanted to do the hurdles for Mr.Leonard to make him feel like hes not a nobody and a somebody.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18567.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"helpful ,paul fate lies in partly in these",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8296.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article is that the ""invasive"" species are killing the native wildlife. The article states that pythons are invasive species and are killing five endangered species in the Florida keys, including the key largo wood rat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6638.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,They are from the bear family and don't like to eat meat like pythons do when they are hunting for food.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21484.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,0.0,When Paul learns this he has to find out what happened and when he does he decides to help Mr. Leonard.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14799.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,cytokenisis -when the cytoplasm splits in a cellphotosynthesis- when a plant cell evolves and divides into a cell that is more equiped for the area that its incell reproduction- when the cell makes copies of itself,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23478.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The author opens the essay by grabbing the reader's attention and then proceedes to explain what the article is trying to say. The three sections are used to describe what the object is, an example from real life, and what can be done to change it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12614.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mrna rna dna,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 96.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"In order to replicate this groups procedure, you would need to know the independent and dependent variables as well as the control group for the procedure. Also, to ma ke it more clear, they would need to include a hypothesis of the experimenting well as a purpose.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26075.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,2.0,"light gray :: The darker the color, the warmer the doghouse would be (black warmest 54(DEG)C). The dog might overheat if the doghouse is too hot. the lighter the color, the colder the doghouse (white lowest 41(DEG)C). They wouldnt want the doghouse to be uncomfortibly cold. so dark grey or light grey would be best (avg. 46.5(DEG)C).",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17641.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is a very responsible girl. She helps take care of her family. She poured her sister some juice, even though she didn't have to. And she's been helping take care of the family since her father moved to get a new job, and her mother was no working.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6370.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"China's panda bear and Australia's koala bear are similar because they are both specialists. They both survive on basically one type of food and wouldn't survive outside of their habit. Both these animals are different from the python because the phython eats different food, and as the map shows, live in multiple places.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24117.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,This author organizes the article first with an introduction to grab the reader's attention. The introduction introduces us to what the rest of the paper is going to be about. The author then is able to explain exactly what the paper is about with 'What Is Space Junk?' He then gives us an example of what is going on with the problem and then why it is important and what is being done to help it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 721.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"Addition infarmation you would need in order to replicate the experiment would include controls such as how much of amount of vinegar is needed, in step 2 you would also need a specific or a set amount of each sample to move the results have meaning information costly you would need to make trials in the experiment to make sure the results are valid.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27483.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: If he choses black the doghouse will get more hot air because in the story the black color gets more heat because its darker,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8284.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Invasive is an unfair term that means that the animals are invading their territory when they were welcomed. ""They're 'introduced', I think that 'invasive' is passing judgement (pg 4)"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 27200.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: if they were to paint the doghouse then they would want to use white becuse that is the one with the less tempa ture, average tempature was 42(DEG)c for white,unlike the black were tha t is the hottest one there is average tempature was 53(DEG)c. if they wa nt cool for the doghouse then use the white.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23477.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author uses 'cause and effect' to organize the article. The author grabs your attention in the introduction. After that, in the the section afer the introduction the author tells how space junk has come about. Then, the author explains the dangers of the space junk. Finall, the author tells of ways to prevent the space junk.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20223.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"After learning about Mr. Leonard's background, I think Paul starts to understand Mr. Leonard better. He used to be a suspicious quiet man but now Paul feels that he and Mr. Leonard are alike in the fact that they both had trouble in school. Paul feels more comfortable knowing that Mr. Leonard is like him and that he understands how Paul feels.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15608.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell uses the movement of the liquid to move,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1115.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate this experiment, you would need to know how much vinegar to put into each container. You also need to be more specific and use proper names of things instead of using the word ''sample''. Also, step 3 should be switched with step 2. In order to make sense you should label things before you pour staff into the containers and this will help in the replication of the experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 28.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"1). Get 4 different samples: marble, limestone, wood, plastic. ^p 2). Put each sample into 4 different containers. ^p 3). Pour vinegar in each of 4 separate but identical containers. ^p 4). After 24 hrs remove the samples from the container and rinse each w/ distilled water. ^p 5). Allow samples to sit and dry for 30 min. ^p 6). Determine the data of each sample. ^p 7). Record your data.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21101.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The backround information about Mr. Leonard has a big effect on Paul because Paul understands why Mr. Leonard would want to coach him. It also makes Paul want to work harder for his coach because they have had alot of the same struggles. I also think Mr. Leonard would make Paul better than he was so Paul didnt have some of the same problems he did.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 17145.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is very cluttered and busy. in the story, it said that she was trying to squeeze her essay into her busy day.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 51.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"In order to replicate this experiment, I would need to know what the different mauterials were. I would also need to know how many different materials there were and what the starting mass of each material was.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9236.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word invasive is like a type that is not welcomed like in this article the reptiles are not welcomed to the w because they don't belong there, thats why in paragraph 4 the person said the term invasive species is unfair and passing judgement.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24292.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The Author keeps this article organized by starting out with 'What Is Space Junk' telling and informing the reader about what space junk is and the history of space junk. Then it goes to the next section going into detail in the 'Crash Course' artice where it talkes about how space junk is always colliding and in a crash course. Finially it talks about how the smaller pieces of junk could be the works parts of the Junk in the Little Bits, But a Big Deal' section.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17786.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose is very mature. She helps support her family and tries to do her best at what she can. Including her school and job. She shows this matuirity in the conversatin between her sister where her sister describes her as being like their mother. 'You sound just like Mama.',https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15630.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cell WallRibosomesFlagellum,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23632.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author puts it in order from the events are happening.First it starts with different information about it and what is going on. Secondly, it tells you the risk and chances of satellites colliding with each other. Thirdly, they let you know that small problems are happening but it is a big deal. Last, it explains that problems are still existing and the amount of space crash is increasing.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 6108.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Chinas panda, which eats bamboo, and Australias Koala which eat eucalyptus leaves both eat the same thing everyday.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 2967.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a. Based on only the data shown one can conclude that plastic the most stretchability out of all the plastic tested because it stretched the most during the experiment one can also assume that plastic type A has the least stretchability because it stretched the least during the experiment. One way that the experimental design could have been improved, is to have controlled the original lengths of all the plastics and make them equal. Another way to have improved the experimental design is to have included the exact weight that was being applied to the plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3414.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,1.0,"In this lab a student investigated the stretchability of four different polymer plastics: A, B, C and D. After two trials of each polymer the student concluded that plastic type B had the most stretching strength out of all that were tested. Two ways the student could have improved this experimental design was to make sure the tape that was holding the type of plastic was secure enough to withstand the weight of the clamps and other weights. Another improvement could have been to measure how much of the plastic you tape down.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 8434.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word invasive is that it is what the pythons in Florida are referred to as. The pythons in the Everglades are a recent adaption for everyone and everything. They are considered ''invasive'' because they have come into the habitats and have been eating the animals that are needed for the ecosystem to survive, they have eaten some endangered species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21635.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,It shows Paul that being good at a sport isnt everything. Mr. Leonard broke records but because he didnt have help with reading he failed his classes and flunked out. It made Paul think that he has someone who understands his troubles with reading.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3731.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"A. According to the students data 2/4 of the plastics stretched more in the second trial than in the first trial by the minimum of 1mm.^p B. Two ways the student could have improved their experimental design is 1. They should have taken more trials, at least two more, and 2. They should used more types of plastics.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11911.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRNAmRNArRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6169.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,They are similar because the both eat plants. The panda eats bamboo and the koala eats leaves.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20590.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The backround information that Paul finds out about Mr. Leonard effects him in a positive way, because it makes Paul feel like someone else has gone through exactly what he is going through at that moment in time. Mr. Leonard states that he lost his scholarship and flunked out of college, because no school wanted a runner who could not read. Paul goes on to say that he knows Mr. Leonard's feelings of embarassment all to well, happening whenever he is called upon to read something aloud, or when he does not know an answer everyone else knows in class.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23529.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,The author organizes the article by explaining all the big problems in space to all the small problems in space.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3662.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"A) In conclusion, the student's data that was recorded showed plastic type B capable of stretching the most, than D, than C, & plastic type A stretched the least. ^p B) One way the students could have improved the experiment design/validity of the results would be by learning a hypothesis. Another thing that could be an improvement is if they varied the times the plastic hanged for up the amount of weight for each type.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 5482.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both eat leaves and plants. They are not carnivors like pythons. According to the article it states "" A specialist is China's panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear which eats eucalyptus leaves most exclusively. The quote already states pandas and koalas do not like meat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20556.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,It made him feel sorry for Mr. Leonard since he lost his scholarship and flunked out of college.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6494.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China and bamboo in Australia are similar because they are both specialists. They both only eat a certain food and therefore can only live in certain places. They are both different from pythons because pythons are generalists, the opposite of specialists, unlike specialists generalists live in warmer areas and aren't limited to one food.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6145.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in china are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialists.They both only eat leaves and other greens.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18252.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose is a giving person she will do anything to help her family: 'We have our part to do to help paul finish college.',https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27544.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: The color of the doghouse should be white because that way in the summer it won't be to hot for the dog. As shown in the data white is the coolest. The average for a black lid is 53(DEG) C. The dark gray lid is 48(DEG) C the light gray lid is 45(DEG) C and the white lid is 42(DEG) C. Therefore the white is the coolest and it won't get that hot for the dog.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5672.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas are similar because they both are vegatarians and they both only eat on thing so that how they similar and pythons are carnivores so they eat meat and they dont have feet like pandas and koalas.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26235.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: the black color absorbs more energy so when i ts cold outside the inside can heat up by the sun,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26752.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: If the paint on the doghouse is black then the inside of the doghouse will be warmer. The air in the jar was always warmer when the black lid was on it. the dog will stay warm in a black doghouse.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8451.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive "" is that it means an animal is purposefully trespassing or ""invading"" another creature territory where the word ""introduced"" is significant because it means that an animal was bought or taken to another creature territory by a third party, whether it be a human or another animal. ""Even the term invasive species is unfair he (Mr Inner said 'They're introduced' I think that ""invasive is a passing judgement of the pythons he (Mc Inners) said,to me it's a wonderful introduction I think it's best thing to happen to the everglades in the last 200 years.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21247.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"When Mr. Leonard told Paul about him being a star athelete in college, but his grades weren't good enough therefore he flunked out he started to feel bad for him.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6669.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because they are both specialists, and require only 1 type of food to live, like bamboo or eucalyptus leaves. They differ from pythons because pythons are generalists, as shown in paragraph 20. They can adapt to different foods and can therefore survive in many places and species are quietly.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 12180.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,In transcription the mRna is changed into protiens,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6265.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The panda and koala bears are the threats to any other animals because ""the panda and koala bears only eat bamboo or leaves."" Pythons and threats to other native animals because ""the pythons eat rats and other animals."" The animals that the python is eating will go extinct. The bears will just keep eating trees",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11236.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA leaves the nucleus the body starts another cycle another mRNA is produced mRNA leaves the cell,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5058.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because their both specialist, pandas and koalas are both different from pythons because pythons are called generalist. In the article, ""one man's pet, another invasive species"" It truely explains that specialist in china such as panda's eat mostly nothing but bamboo and such as koala bear, they eat nothing but eucalyptus leaves. A generalist is a daccoon, a python a cockroach, a white tailed deer which is mostly located in Florida to Antartica.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26500.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: The color white would affect the doghouse by cooling it off because in the experiment the air temperature of the jar with the white lid was 42 degrees in comparison to the air temperature in the jar with the blakc lid which was 53 degrees. That makes black 9 degrees hotter then white.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12179.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the mitochondria. It then is split in parts needed to make the protein,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 9176.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The article is talking about how reptiles especially pythons are invasive to states, countrys, and even peoples houses. Pythons are moving to other territorys eating their animals and such but people are also getting reptiles as pets.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17362.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,One trait that can discribe Rose is she woulod like everything to be her way and if it does not go her way she does not wont to do it.'Ann is mom home yet .' 'Rose know i wish she would come home earlyer and not late all the time dad never did that and that would help me a lot if she came home earlyer.',https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 25981.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,black :: I chose black because the sun wont reflect th e color black and it wont effect inside the dog house.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 864.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"The additional information I would need would be how much vinegar to pour into each container also how long it rinse after the 24 hours, and a problem statement said also be necessary.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20410.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,The effects on Paul of the background information is that he is being coached by a top athlete and he wonders what happened to him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 536.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,Same additional into that would be needed is how much vinegar should be poured into each container. I would also like to know how much distilled water was used and finally there should be something show who this is determining in the whole procedure to doesn't talk about acid rain once.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17064.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,that they were fighting about something and then they didnt want that conversation to go any further.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23435.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,"The author give an explanation of what's space junk, the problem and what can it be done to ti.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26597.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"light gray :: Light gray because it didnt heat up that much , but it did a little so the dogs house wouldnt get too hot in the summer or too cold in the winter",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15694.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,There are certain cell organelles that controll what goes in and out of the cell. Also substances are moved in and out of the cell by diffusion. Another way is cells are able to controll how much of sometimes goes in or out of the cell,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5340.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both need specific foods and substances to survive. I know this because the author says ''a specialist is China's panda wich eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, wich eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.'' Unlike a panda and koala pythons have more options for food ''you could conceivably have pythons snalking their way up the Potomac obviasly they differ a lot from pandas and koala",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1624.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,The students would also need to keep recording every thing they see.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20061.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,1.0,That Mr. Leonard Grabowski and Paul are alike in many ways. They were both wanted to be in track but they couldn't becuse they were not good enough so everybody thought. So Then Mr. Leonard was the best 400 meter runner. So that made Paul want to be just like him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5213.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas because they are both specialist species. There not harmful to humans , "" eats almost nothing but bamboo """"= . They different from a python because their generalist and "" we're degrading the earth at an alarming rate"". Pythons are dangeros to hummans.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23249.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,He organizes it by starting from when spacecrafts were first being launched and the problems they were causing then to the ones being launched today and the problems they're causing now.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24476.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author starts with the larger objects that float around in space, and end with the smaller ones that are just as dangerous.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15314.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"One process would be cell growth and metabolism , because to move you need to have the right metabolism so you have the energy to even move in the first place. A second process could be protein synthesis , because you obviously need all the protein you can get to keep you moving throughout the days of hard work. A third process is the creation of cells , this is a big part of cell movement. You cant just have one cell and expect it to do everything like move, create energy,etc.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3586.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,3.0,"(a) In conclusion plastic type B was the strongest because it stretched the longest, Plastic A stretched 10 mm and 12 mm. Plastic B 22 mm and 23 mm and plastic C 14 mm and 15 mm and plastic D 20 mm and 20 mm. this data states that plastic B was the strongest. (B) One way he could have improved the experiment is by having all the plastic equal in size and also he could have added the same amount of weight.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 27284.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,1.0,white :: the color white absorbed the least heat out o f all the colors so the doghouse would not get overheated inside and stay cool just in case there was a hot summer day,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23363.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,The author organizes the article in a simple and orderly fashion. He/she explains the problem and tells how it happened.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5045.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are specialists, meaning they require one certain food and environment to survive. Pythons are generalists, who aren't very specific in what they eat. This means that they can adapt very easily to new environments, whereas, specialists cannot.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23012.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,It explaines how dangerous space junk can be. Like satellites and peices from a space craft.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 21675.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,It shows Paul how important a good education is to someone because it ruened Mr. Leonard's career as a runner because he flunked out of college even though he was one of the best runners as a freshman.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18415.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"I think that rose should've taken this a little bit more calmer, because the rest of them moved on and so did she.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8569.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive is used in the article as a word that means exotic or rare. They use this word to describe differin animals. It is used to describe pythons iuguanis & tortoises. It is used as an example why they shouldn't keep importing exotic reptiles & used as an example of why that is not fair to say about them.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 15360.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They have a cell membrane to control what comes in and out.They try to capture food.They remove things they don't need.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12176.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,After mRNA it intervoles into tRNA then RNA than after a period of time it becomes DNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23964.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The author organizes the article by explaining what the problem actually is, discussing what its doing to the space, and that we need to find a way to fix it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 21362.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul realizes that Mr. Leonard has trouble reading just like him. Also, Paul understands why Mr. Leonard wanted to help him be good in a sport that he liked because Mr. leonard didn't want him to be left out the same way he was when he was in college.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 2915.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"a) The plastic did in fact stretch only in to 23 mm ^p b) The student could have used more weights on the second trial, or maybe on the second trial let it beng longer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15561.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,"To control the movement of substances across the cell membrane, they use diffusion. Diffusion is the process in which things from a high concentration, move to an area of low concentration.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14136.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,photosynthesis reproductionprotection,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14473.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",3.0,3.0,active transport- active transport is when a cell uses energy to transport substances across the cell membranepassive transport- passive transport is when a cell transports materials across the cell membrane without the use of energyosmosis- osmosis is the transport of substances through the semi-permeable membrane (water),https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12218.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,0.0,-mRNA leaves the nucleus and tRNA steps in to translate the sequence-rRNA create ribosomes for the sequence along with realting to amino acids-the sequence is let out of the cell-it goes off into the organism's body,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 4966.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas are similar because they only eat about one thing lik pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo and the koalas eats only eucalyptus leaves only. The pyth on eats anything it canget lik on alagator.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8248.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive in this article refers to the species of animals living in an area that they shouldn't be due to human intervention either by bringing them here physically, or destroying their homes so they have nowhere else to go except where they are generally unwanted.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20487.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,2.0,Paul finds out that Mr. Leonard was a college hurdler and this makes him wonder what happend. He later finds out that Mr. Leonard is just like him. He has trouble with reading and so he was flunked out of college.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 36.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,Well I would need to know what the problem statement is. I would need to know what type of cups we are using.I would need to know the amount of vinegar we are using. And I would need to know if the amount of vinegar in each cup will differ.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5347.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and Koalas in Australia are both different from pythons because they are both specialists. Specialists can only adapt to an area if the climate is right and they only survive off mainly bamboo or eucalyptus leaves. According the article a generalist, such as a python, can live anywhere and have become a abundant and do best in and around humans.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21014.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,it changes his mind about sports.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20663.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Both Mr. Leonard and Paul were not very good students in school. Mr.Leonard was amazying in track but since he did not get good grades in class he lost he scholarship and flunked out of school. Paul is not very good in class either. When Mr.Leonard helps him learn how to jump hurtles good he had him go out for the boy track them. In a way they are exactly the same.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18434.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is timid she shows this in both conversations were she either kept quiet or she didn't speak out very much at all.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6646.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Koalas and pandas are specialists. The panda eats nothing but bamboo, while the koala eats nothing but eucalyptus leaves. The don't eat much but one thing. A python, on the other hand, is a generalist. It has a widespread of things to eat. They are more likely to survive than the koalas & the pandas. ""We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27011.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: If you painted the dog house black, the insid e would be hot. Because according to the experiment the color black would make things hot. The average for the temperature was 53(DEG)c for black . The average for dark gray was 48(DEG)C and gray was 45(DEG)C. Also wh ite was 42(DEG)C. According to this data, black would make things hot.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5640.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"According to the article, panda and koalas are similar because they are both specialists. Paragraph 21 says that they are specialists because they only eat one type of food. But both are are different from a python because pythons are more adaptable than pandas or koalas are.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11170.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,carries instructions from the nucleus to the amino acids sequence of a protein,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12374.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Instuctions come form the nucleas and with amino acids go to build protein with help from the mRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18438.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She wants to find something better for her aunt and whole family not just one person. Rose is not a selfish person which makes her trait outgoing.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5026.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas almost eats nothing except bamboo and koalas eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Pythons could snack their way right up the polomac . Also looking at the reptile habitat map makes it obvious that pythons eat more than one thing.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6115.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and a koalas are similar because they ar specialist so they only know how to survive in there environment. Both the panda and the koala are different from the python because the python is a generalist. Generalist can live and survive anywhere.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15326.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,DNA MRNA TRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1087.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,needed to replicate this experiment,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8802.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" in this article means ""environmentally shifting"". This is because it shifts the environmental biodiversity that a habitat has. ""Biologists... say that invasive species unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to bio-diversity"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 217.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,The additional information that I would need in order to replicate this experiment is where do I leave the containers after I finish putting all the samples into different containers.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8594.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The word invasive impires a disturbance or a dissruption an intrusion the example that the article gave was the python who sort of invades in way that they dissrupt something that has an order and cause a disturbance and chaos and affect the environment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26314.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"light gray :: On hot sunny days the color of the house wouldn't absorb so much heat, So the house woldnt get so hot, But if it was a cold day the colors of the house could reflect the cold air, Becuas e, Lighter colors reflect heat, & darker colors absorb heat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5913.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas because they need to stay in there habit so they can have sources for food. Their food is only where they are located now. In the article it says Chinas panda eats nothing but bamboo. The Australia koala bear eats eucalyptus leaves exclusively.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24584.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,the article is put togoghter by a the perosn that does the all the finaling to the paper.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27385.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: If they were to use white the dog house would be cooler for the dog to sleep in or just hang out and cause less "" damages"" or issues to the dog",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20510.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,paul might thought that he did not know what he was doing.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3050.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"After experimenting which plastic was more pliant, the conclusion was made that plastic type B was the most stretchable in, both, trial A and trial B. Two ways the student could have improved the experiment are changing step 7 and making it less vague and say specifically re do steps 1-6 for a second trial, etc. The student could be sure to time each trial for accurate validity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 20324.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,When he finds out that paul was a a college hurdler he was impress that he won the 400 and is kind of curious why he quit and then he tells him that he couldnt read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12468.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA changes to tRNA and travels through the Golgi Apparatus. then goes to the lysosome where it is translated and amino acids are then put into packages and sent off as protiens,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18668.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is shy. Rose shows this when she is talking to Anna. Rose does not say much, but finally looses patience with Anna. Also, when Rose talks to Aunt Kolab she does not say much either just keeping her thoughts to herself and nodding.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6345.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they are specialist species. These two animals require certain factors in their habitat. They are different from pythons however because pandas and koalas are living in a fixed environment while pythons can move around.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23851.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article into three different sections. The first one is to explain what space junk really is, because some readers might not understand the concept of it. 'Crash Course,' shows why space junk is important. The author used many details like the collision between a Russian and an American satellite in February 2009, to show that this is a serious problem.The next section titled, 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal,' explains that small or large fragments floating uncontrollably in Earth's orbit is a serious issue. Space junk should not be considered a minor matter.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5993.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialist. Pandas eats almost nothing but bamboo and koala eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. They are different from the pythons because a python eats a variety of different things. "" A specialist is china's panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala, which eats eucalyptus.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18236.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is busy a lot, and does the best she can. I say that because of this quote: 'From school she'd gone staright to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15445.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"thee cells us active transport, passive transport, and facilitaed diffusion to control cells movement through the cell membrane,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20985.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,1.0,It makes Paul feel better about himself. He feels that way because he realizes that maybe he could actually excel at something. That he could actually be good at something and not feel like he is left out. Paul had no idea that Mr. Leonard was in a way like him. I think Paul gained some confidence discovering Mr. Leonard's past.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8705.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,The word invasive specify to the rest of the species that the species might be spreading around the world which can be dangerous but also harmful.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 18222.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"One trait Rose has is that she is a hard worker. She has to work, go to school, and fine time to do homwork, but she gets is done.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15145.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,they could have a cell wall. they have guard calls. and ribosomes,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17984.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One trait that can describe Rose is supportive. As Rose talks to Anna in this story she keeps telling Anna how everything will work out. Rose has other thoughts about the situation, but she keeps them to her self to make her younger sister feel better about the situation. She tells Anna, 'We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college.' This shows that Rose, no matter how weighted down she feels, will always give a supportive answer for her sister to make things seem alright.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8702.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"The significance of the word invasive is basiclly invading to go where not belonged as said in paragraph 6,"" MacInnes contends that the government overestimates the treat posed by invasive reptiles.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23033.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"He goes from the things that cause space accidents, like space junk, and explains them in great depth. Then the Author goes on to explain what kind ofaccidents that sapce junk causes. Then it explains that small, even microscopic bits of junk can cause a catastrophe.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 6001.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Panda's in China are similar to koala's in Australia because they are both animals that have adapted to their surrounding area. they became acustom to their climates. They also eat only Florida from their known areas. They are different from pythons because pythons can go and eat anything where panda's can only eat bamboo and koalas can only eat eucalyptus.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27318.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: The color might affect the doghouse by taking in less energy causing the inside of the doghouse to be cooler.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 24619.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"He breaks it down into different topics. The first main section,titled 'What is Space Junk?', is about the cluttered solar system because of satellite debris. 'Crash Course' is about satellites crashing into each other and the debris that it can cause. 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal' is about how tiny bits of debris may seem harmless but they can still do damage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26398.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,light gray :: This color should make the doghouse a nice co ol temperature cosistantly. I say this because in the data table light gr ay's average temp. was 45(DEG).,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23194.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes this article in different sections. The author uses subtitles to begin new topics.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 18224.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose is a caring person in the way that even though she feels strongly about a cause she doesn't want to concern the rest of the family with the matter so she keeps it to herself.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15675.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,MrnaDNARNATrna,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8138.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Invasive means when you talk about the earth and the environments. When you permit to buy something you suppose to debate about that. When you permit to buy animals or lizards. If the person gives you a price, then you don't want it for the price that's invasive species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14020.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"One is by moving the cell away from harmful areas. Another is moving the harmful stuff from the cell and bringing in the good stuff. Lastly the cell can move its self to places where it can get more food or water, etc.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18175.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is a good listener and can make good judgement calls.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 19988.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,He was a good athlete but he wasnt such a good student. Mr.Leonard relied on his friends to help him get by. He related to him because he was embarrased when he got called to read aloud. It doesnt really effect the back ground so much,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 1458.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"To replicate this experiment i would need to know how much vinegar to use, how big of a sample to use and how long to rinse each sample. Without these you cannot replicate the experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26806.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: White has the least air temperature (42) and so there will be less air temperature affecting on the doghouse.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21286.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul found out that Mr. Leonard was a star in college and broke records for the 400 hurdles. Paul later found out that Mr. Leonard was flunked out of college because he didn't know how to read. Paul related to this because he himself doesn't know how to read and he knows the feeling of embarrassment that Mr. Leonard had. Paul now wants to return the favor and help him to learn how to read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3415.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a) Plastic type b was the only polymer plastic that was able to stretch out the most while plastic type A was the only polymer plastic that did not stretch out a lot. ^p b) One way that the student could have improved the experimental design would be to state how many weighs to add on the clamp. Another way that it could've been improved was to do more trials.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11229.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA tells the oraganelles what to do to help the cell with reproducing. It would involve replicating and dividing the cell to become two cells.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6736.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in china are similar to koalas in Australia because unlike specialists, these two animals are adapted to an environment where they can live nowhere else besides that certain location.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24477.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,Starts with wondering whats floating around in space. Then gives a lot of facts about why junk floating around in space is such a big deal. Junk floating around in space has an affect on the earths surface.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17767.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,That Rose see it as she the olny one that matter and don't see it from another person point of view. Rose see it as family is way more important than anything. One thing about her is she get angry to fast and don't sit down and think about things.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5992.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Both China's panda and Australia's koala bear eat leaves, that is a similar but both of them are different from a python who need warm climate to stay alive, but a panda or koala bear have far a keep warm. Also pythons are cold blooded keep warm from the sun and hot area's.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 12505.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,0.0,As the mRna goes out from the nucleus and tells the trna what amino acid to get. Trna goes to find amino acids that will match the RNA sequence. Then the trna gets the amino acids and finds the matching codon on the rna sequence strand adn pairs with it.This creats an amino acid sequence that tells the cell how to make a protien.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23219.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,He or she tells us about orbiting junk then goes on telling us whats in space then gives us information.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15308.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,tRNAmitochondria,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20652.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"It suprises paul and makes him want to work harder and makes him sympathetic. In the last paragraph, paul wants Mr. Leonard to start training. Paul also is a little confused on how Mr. Leonard didnt make it as a runner. In paragraph 43, paul mentions that Mr. Leonard went to colleage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24360.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"He starts off with exclamatory sentences to grab the reader's attention. He then goes into a paragraph that informs the reader of what he is going to be talking about. Then, he talks a little bit about space junk and the harmful effects of it. Then he lets the readers know that objects in space travel a very high speeds and dont have to be very big to pose a problem.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17681.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,SHE IS JUST LIKE HER MOTHER.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11438.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,it leaves goes to deliver information.Goes to the rRNA and it reades the information.Then it makes a copy.and that copy goes out and finds matches to go with.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18532.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose tends to feel uncomfortable with expressing her inner struggles. While talking to Anna, Anna tells her, 'You sound just like Mama,' illustrating that Rose covers her feelings by saying what she feels is expected of her.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15258.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Gel in the cells can help transport substances around the cell membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17372.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that I can see in Rose is that she doesn't want to her her aunt by telling her the truth. Also, by listening to her Aunt Kolab she is starting to think her life might get easier. I think the reason is her Aunt Kolab seems to help people see the good in life.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14047.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,OVER TIME THE CELLS CHANGE AN TAKE DIFFERENT FORMS,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17603.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She doesn't think she can be helped very easily.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8536.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,The word invasive is significance to the rest of the article because the article is pointing out affets of having different species go to other countries & climates.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 9622.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" to the articles is it's in the tittle. In paragraph seven and nine MacInnes says ""The term Invasive species is unfair, Invasive is passing judgement."" Invasive is like asking how you feel about python's in the Everglades.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 27565.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,light gray :: the color wouyld affect the dog house in this way in the heat the dog would stay cool but its not so light that it wou ld be cold for him in the winter. so keeping it at a light darker color y ou ahve a mixeture of the 2.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 171.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,0.0,What materials should we use because inorder to do this experiment it has to tell us what sudstances are being used. Their procedure also does not tell us to get a starting weight.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20805.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Mr. Leonards background information gives Paul hope in knowing that he can actually great at something since he doesnt know how to read. It also builds up his confidence in learning how to read since Mr. Leonard never learned due to the lacking of a learning center when he was in school. When Paul realizes how much Mr. Leonard and him have in common, it makes him feel alot better that there is someone out there that can relate to him and his problems in life. Mr. Leonard never learned to read and depended on friends to help him get by even though it was hard. He got into college with a running scholorship for his track and ability to run. He soon realized that the work was alot harded there then it was in high school and eventually flunked out and lost his scholorship. No college would take him after that because they did'nt want a runner that could'nt read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12102.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRNA-transportig it through ribosome.rRNA- helping it through. Making protiens and transporting them away.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8588.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word invasive is significant to the article because it describes the reptiles being introduced to Florida as pets. They come, or are imported from foreign environments where they eat one thing but invade another continuity & eat what these ones do but in the case of it doesn't have enough the python had to find a new food which was alligator.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3266.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a) Plastic B stretches the most. ^p b) The student should have kept the length and width of the plastic samples constant and specified how much weight to attatch.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26368.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: If the dog house was white the inside would b e cooler then the rest of the colors. In the experiment the white lid was 11 degrees cooler then the black.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15293.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,1.0,Active transport-Movement of molecules from an area of hugh concentration to an area of low concentration.Passive transport is two process in one. It used simple diffusion and filacated diffusion.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17514.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is mean towards her little sister.Anna is being a good sister, and a good friend to check up on her older sister and make sure that she`s alright. Thats what family suppose to do.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 1535.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"If I wanted to replicate the experiment I would need to know what kind of containers to use, I would need to know if I should cover the samples in the containers I would also need to know what the samples are. How am I suppose to know what I am tasting if I don't know what the samples are.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3069.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"A) I conclude that plastic A is the strongest because it stretched the least in both trials. ^P B) Two ways the student could have improved the experiment are doing another trial and including the length of the plastic, rerare adding the weights, in the results.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3183.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,My conclusion is that plastic type D stretched the farthest both trials. They could have done another trial and they could have put more weights on the clamp so it can stretch more.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14824.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,cell diffusionosmosis,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15681.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cells are the basic unit of all living things. Cells have numerous functions such as fighting off infections when they enter out body. They also transport information all over our body. They let the rest of our bodies know what they're suppose to do. Cells also keep us living and breathing.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23810.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,"After the introduction, the author starts by describing what this 'Space Junk' is by talking from when the first satellite was launched to the supposedly hundreds of little junk satellites scattered around orbit. 'Crash Course' explains a story about a crash in space that left debris in space and that these accidents can happen at any time in space. The last part talks about how this debris is dangerous despite its size.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24057.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"This article is separated into sections or chapters, each new chapter has a title. The entire chapter sticks to the point. This article is organized as if it was a book.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5846.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they almost eat just one kind of food all the time. They are different to pythons because they don't migrate and they don't eat animals and pythons do.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18676.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"In the passage Rose says, 'We have our part to do to help Paul finish college.' She says this to her little sister Anna, as she explains to her the improtance of her parents work to make more money. This statement by Rose expresses her work ethic. It shows that she is hardworking and that it is important to her, as well as the rest of her family, to work hard to support one another.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20507.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The information concerning Mr. Leonard gave Paul motivation. I believe this is because Paul has finally met someone who understands his struggles with reading. After discovering that Mr. Leonard could not read, Paul immediately wanted to help him as Mr. Leonard had helped Paul with the hurdles. Paul saw that not being able to read had damaged Mr. Leonard's life and he felt the need to help Mr. Leonard. Paul shows this by saying 'C'mon, Mr. Leonard. It's time to start your training.' Also, seeing their similarities motivated Paul to better himself in education and with the hurdles. This is the effect which Mr. Leonard's background information had on Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11360.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,After the mRNA leaves the nucleus it will carry the instructions from the nucleus to the amino acid sequencethen it will be transford to the ribosomes and it will become tRNA and it will be starting to make new data ande then it will become rRNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 569.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,0.0,"In order to adequately replicate this experiment, one would need more specific samples for example, instead of ""wood"" it should be a specific type of wood, marble, limestone or plastic. The procedure should also be clearer concerning how to use the vinegar in relation to the samples condition to remove such samples from the vinegar after 24 hours.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 1371.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"You would need to know how much vinegar to pour, list of materials to use, and how much of each material.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26765.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"light gray :: The color will keep the dog warmer in the win ter, but won't make the dog house hot in the summer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21424.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,"When he learns the background information, Paul realizes that he understands the feelings that Mr. Leonard's words were having. He understood how he was embarrassed that he couldn't read, and that he went after something he could excel at. That's why Paul said he had something he could do for Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15667.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Endocytosis (which is part of active transport), where the cell uses energy to pull items through the selectively permeable membrane.Exocytosis (part of active transport), the cell uses energy to push items out of the cell.Diffusion (part of passive transport), the cell does not use energy to gain the items it wants but lets the items move through the selectively permeable membrane.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14290.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"1) The cell outer wall membrane: Attaches with the rest of the structures and functionsof the outer most cell.2) The cell's nucleus: Is the major working system that tells the other parts what to do, a correspondent.3) The cell cytoplasm: moves waste and gathers nutrients from the entire cell to supply it with life.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15648.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"One form of getting around ould be using a flagellum or tail like structure that enables the cell to move around. Another form is cilla or small tiny hairlike structures that are on the outside of the cell that help the cell move around my grabbing onto things and puling it's slef. Amother way is like in your body, you heart pumps the bood through your blood stream with out any of the stuuctures like a flagellum or cilla. Enabling it to move around.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15168.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,"Diffusion- Sugar is absorbed into the membrane and travels down the gradient level.Faciliated Diffusion- Requires energy to move down the gradient.Active Transport- Particles are held in a 'pocket', then are brought to the membrane and are released out of the cell.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18192.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab is that she is willing to do anything for her family. She has many things going on in her life that she would like to spend more time on, such as writing her essay. The fact that she has to work at the restaurant and come home and help with supper shows that she is doing everything she can to help her family through their problems. Even if that does mean that she cant always do what she wants to.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9383.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" is that it pertains to the story well because the python is very "" Invasive"" of other animals and species around it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 1489.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,To replicate the experiment you would need to add control variant. You will need to make sure that they all stay at the same temperature throught the experiment. Also you will need to make sure that the same amount of vinegar is used in each.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9349.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive in implied as a bad thing, making the cobras seem to invade the U.S. The pythons in the U.S were from Asia so the species ""invaded"" the U.S because it was not indiginous. Also, people who don't like the world to change fast would call them invasive as it is a strong word.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 5784.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they can only live in those areas because they only eat bamboo or eucalyptus. They are specialist. Pythons however are generalist because they can eat rats, bugs and other things so they can live in different places.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18042.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,helpful greatful and loving money isn't everything,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6228.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"They are similar because they eat just one food exclusively. Pythons, on the other hand, will eat almost anything to survive. One example would be when the python ate a crocodile.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8297.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive means that the species will totally invade everything, from houses to other animals habitat, even to cars. It often also means that animals that already live there may be killed off.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 18230.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose can be described as considerate because she is reluctant to tell her Aunt Kolab that she feels very weighed down by her familial obligations because she fears her aunt may be hurt.. The author writes, 'If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20427.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The effect of the background is that it makes him think all the reasons why he go him working out and the reasons why he's here. Also what he wants with him. Later he finds out and it kind of inspires Paul to shoot higher for goals.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11250.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,It leaves and it creates more mRNA's and that helps your body. And then it repeats the process again. And it sends messages to the nucleus.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15165.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,One would be reproducton.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 830.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,Some additional information could be the amount of vinegar poured into the containers or they could state what they used to determine the mass of the samples. Also since there is multiple varieties of plastic.they could state what kind of plastic they used.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6064.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they eat only one food the most, pandas eat bamboo and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. They are both different from pythons because they both have there own specialist.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 750.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"In order to replicate the experiment, i would need to know a saw things. i would need to know how much vinegar they used, what kind of containers and how big it is and what kind of vinegar was used.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 2899.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"A conclusion based on this experiment is plastic B was the most stretched to 22mm, then on the second trial A stretched 23mm. On the other hand plastic A, C and D was lower than 22 and 23mm both times.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21313.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Mr leonard used to be a track coach.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3435.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,2.0,Based on the students data I conclude that plastic type B stretched the most after five minutes. Plastic type A stretched the least. The students should of told us how many weights to add to the clamp and how much each weight Weighed. They also should of told us what type of plastic they were using.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 20073.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul is proud that the man who has been coaching him is a great athlete himself but wonders why he never ran after his freshman year. He then wants to coach Mr. Leonard in reading like Mr. Leonard coached him in track.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14563.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,metosis interphase and prophase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,You would need to have four seperate but identical containers. you would also need to pour in each of them Vinegar to determine the mass of the items being placed in them. And new items would be needed to be placed in each of the containers.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 733.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate this lab experiment you would need to know what the names of the four different samples are. You would also need to know how much vinegar to pour into the four containers, so there is an even amount in each container. Another thing you would need to know when replicating this experiment is what you are using to find the mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 18723.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose can be described as selfless. She puts the needs of her family first. She risks her school work and even a state competition by working to help support her family. Her Aunt Kolab hints at it when she asks Rose if she feels weighed down by what she has to do for the family but Rose doesnt respond.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5466.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,The panda and koala are both specialist and they only eat one thing. They are both different from the Python because A Python could eat anything from a mouse to deer and they move alotmore.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26551.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: This color paint (Black) will attract more he at to the inside of the dog house. We know this because the averge of hea t in side the jar on Bradi and Jerry exsperiment was 54(DEG) C for black paint and 42(DEG) C for the white paint. So you can see that if you wer e wanting to keep the inside of the doghouse warm you would want to paint it black.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11182.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,the mRNA gets copyed into RNAThen it transferces they it gets group by the amion acids into codonsHow then take to make the things it is needed to do,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20929.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,2.0,The backround information given to Paul was used to help Mr. Leonard with his reading.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12496.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,ribosomes link proteins together to make a protein chain,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11379.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"copying dna, dividing, exiting the cell, finding a new cell",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21717.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul finds out the Mr. Leonard was a track star in his running days. Mr. Leonard tells him, 'I was a good athlete, but not a good enough student. We had no learning centers in our school.'This influenced Paul to work harder at both track and reading. He also wanted to assist Mr. Leonard in reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15624.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"metaphase,prophase,anaphase",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20438.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"In the story Paul finds out that Mr. Leonard was a track star. It makes Paul wonder why he wan't told and makes him want to ask Mr. Leonard. When Paul asks, Mr. Leonard tells him about his experience in college and about how he flunked out. Paul seems shocked and figures out that Mr. Leonard was trying to help him get good at something. He also repsected that Paul was trying to get help with his problem reading other than relying on others.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 2933.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,A. Plastic B stretched the most. Plastic A was the strongest out of all. ^p B. They should have added more weights to see which would have stretched the most and which would be stronger.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21574.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"Mr. Leonard tells Paul, the narrator, that he had problems in school, but did great on track. He wanted to show that you can't be great at everything so easily. You have to keep trying and sooner ot later, you will accomplish the goal you were reaching for.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 27564.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: the color black would keep the the dog warm.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5001.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Panda's are similar to koala bears because they both eat only one thing and those things which are bamboo, and eucalyptus leaves. These two bears on aren't harming anything by eating the foods. But pythons eat almost anything that moves and they are harming the enviornnent.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9636.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive has a significance to the rest of the article because it talks about Invasive species such as pythons. Invasive basically means fast. So in this story it talks about fast changing animals.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 13980.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Osmosis is used to move molecules across the cell's permiable membrane. Also the protein carriers to determine what can move through or across the membrane,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8912.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"It means ""massive"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20874.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul is affected by the background information because he is able to empathize with Mr. Leonard about reading difficulties. He also most likely understands that, had he been born in an earlier age, he may have had the same college experience as Mr. Leonard. Paul is also influenced by the background information to help Mr. Leonard 'train' in reading, which is Paul's way of showing gratitude and appreciation for Mr. Leonard's efforts to train Paul in track and field.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26311.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,1.0,dark gray :: The best paint color for the dog house would be dark gray because it will wont get to hot or to cold in the dog house for the dog. I know this because in the results the light gray lid only made the jar an average of 48 degrees C after 10 minutes of being under the lamp.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14700.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"production, energy,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18043.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She is a very worryfilled person when she states that she dreamt of the weight of her brother on her shoulders in the water.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8598.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ''invasive'' to the rest of the article is proving than species unchecked by natural predators are dangerous and major threats to biodiversity. As the article says ''life on earth has always moved fast, but never so fast.'' I f the natural barriers are moved and anything can go anywhere the world will be in danger.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14658.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The ER, that makes protein. The RNA, that packages the proteins, and messanger R that delivers the packaged protein.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3594.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,As a conclusion based on the data plastic type B was the more stretchable plastic. In trial 1 plastic type B stretched 22mm in trial 2 plastic type stretched 23 mm. Therefore plastic type B has a high stretchability level. B) Two different ways the student could have improved.^p 1) The student could have stated how much the weights weighed and how many to make the experiment more vigor.^p 2) The student could have indicate the trial high because some bags take longer to stretch or/and break.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14989.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Flagella is one of the three processes.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 13995.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They can carry nutrients across.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6078.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,China's panda and Australian koala are alike because they both are specialists. The are different from pythons because a python is a generalist not specialists.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23652.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,He organizes it by giving some information then he gives some history about space exploration. He then tells about the terms and other minor things involved with space junk.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 25976.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: It will effect the dog house by it being more hot cause on the chart it showed black was the hottest,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21150.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,I think paul knowing about Mr. leonard is a good thing it shuold make paul want to strive to trie harder so he doesnt end up in the same situation as Mr. Leonard.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20732.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The background information that Mr. Leonard has on paul would make him feel sometype of sympathy for him. It would make him work harder and do better to get paul on track.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14227.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cells send a message to the brain when something is going wrong like if you touch a hot stove the cells send a message saying hey this is hot and your hand then knows to move away.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 24316.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author organizes the article by using an introductory paragraph that catches the readers attention. The author then moves on in the next paragraph and talks about the dangers that space exploration puts on the Earth by leaving behind debrie. As the article goes on, it discusses how dangerous collisons from these debries are, too.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15160.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,active transport helps get things through the membrane,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11193.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Amino takes proteins to get them read. Porteins carry thing to differnt organsthere to help body funtions,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15629.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The three types of movements are diversion, equilibrium, and distrubition. Diversion is the process of one substance passing through the membrane. Equilibrium is the process of balancing the concentration on both sides of the membrane. Distribution is the process of moving two different substances to opposite sides of the membrane.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8163.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive is to invade and possibly take over and adapt of area.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26356.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: it will make the dog house warmer than any of the other colors because in the experiment the black lid had the warmest effect on the glass jar os it would most likely have the warmest effect on the dog house,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15129.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,sillianucliotides,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5176.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are both specialist species each eat and live in 1 place. The article said ""A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11529.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",2.0,2.0,The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes. At the ribosomes tRNA attatches to the appropriate sequences on the mRNA. On the other side of the tRNA are the amino acid that the nucleotide sequence on the other side codes for. This happens continuously to make proteins.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26660.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,1.0,"black :: If the dog house had a black roof, it would benefit the dog in all kinds of weather. For example, in the winter time or when it is cold out, the black roof keeps all of the dog's body heat in the house, instead of wasting it. And in the summer, when it's hot, he'll be outside playing, and his doghouse temperature won't matter that much .",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23617.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The author organizes the article by what he thinks is more important. He describes things with words like garbage, junk, and crash course. He starts off with the history then goes on with the rest of the information about the planets and space.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 21645.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"Mr. Leonard had troubles in highschool, just like Paul does. He could not read. They didnt have learning centers back in his day, so all he had was friends to help get him by. He relied on scouts to choose him for college as a hurdler. Paul is a discouraged kid. He cant read, and he is not athletic. Mr. Leonard sees himself in Paul and gets him into doing hurdles. He knows if Paul can work hard out on the track, and get his confidence up, then he can work harder in school. It was good for Mr. Leonard to help Paul, because he was once in his situation. He knows how it feels to not be able to read. Mr. Leonard wants Paul to exceed in all levels, school and track.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5420.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"In the article, the author says that koalas and pandas are both specialists. They are different from pythons, because the story says that pythons are generalists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1633.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,2.0,Additional information needed would be the amount of vinegar poured into each container. I would also need to know if the sample much be a certain size,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17745.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is just do down and depressed with her whole life. The way that she talks and the way that she tells t he events that are going on in the story.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26374.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: Because the lighter the doghouse is the coole r it is in the sun.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5237.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar to each other because they are both specialist. Specialists are specific in what they eat, like the panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo "" and also like the koala which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively"". These are both different from the pythons because it "" can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space"". The conditions and food a python requires is much more compared to koalas/ pandas.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6534.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialist animals. In the article, Achenbach states that ""A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves..."" (5). These two animals are different than pythons because pythons are generalist animals who have a wide range of food and habitats to live in.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 89.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"The independent varriable is the imarble, limestone wood, plastic.The marble starting point was 9.8g. The limestone was 10.4g and wood starting point 11.2.The end of the exeperiment is that you have to determine the mass of each sample.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15439.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"One use would be to remove wastes. Another use would be to recieve proteins or other necessities. Finally, it can be used to keep out harmful substances.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27080.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,"white :: It could get dirty, you could piant it over agia,and you could draw on the walls.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20673.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to Paul. The feelings of embarrassment when Paul was called upon to read aloud or when he didn't know an answer everyone else knew.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15530.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1.water for movement2. food for energy to move3. brain tells the thing what to do,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1490.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"The students could state how much vinegar is needed in each container, explaining weather the sample needs to be submersed compleatly or not.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11087.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"anaphase, intrephase, prophase, and metaphase",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20334.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul is puzzled by the information that he finds. He asks Mr. Leonard what happened and he acts concerned about it. After Mr. Leonard tells him what happened Paul realizes that this man is helping him become something he never got to become, so Paul decides to help Mr. Leonard in return and tells him to come with him to begin training. He is going to teach him how to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 13966.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. The postion of the cell sometimes wont let the cell move.2. The flagella will grab hold of something on the side to where it will be stuck until it lets go.3. The procees of the cell will stay in one place until its procees is complet.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20067.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The effect that the background information has on Paul is that he is amazed that Mr. Leonard was a hurdle runner. In fact he won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals and borke many of records. After hearing this Paul wanted to help train him with his reading.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23732.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article in a 'opening support conclussion' format. This meaning that the first section titled 'What is Space Junk?' is clearly going to talk about what space junk is. Which will create a nice segway to talk about 'Little Bits, But a big Deal'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 1455.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"They should describe what the samples are, how much vinegar do you put in each container.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 24506.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,its all about how the great invenshons work in ower everyday life and the dangers of spaces and all the trash on the outer rim of the atmosphere.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 736.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,0.0,Pour the same amount of vinegar on all four. After you determine the mass of all four samples find out the different of each from first time you did it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20289.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"It shows Paul that without school, you can't do anything. Mr. Leonard goes to college on a scholarship, he says they told him he would have tutors. He wants Paul to become a good student first.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26781.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,"dark gray :: The dog house would not be too hot in the sum mer if you did a dark gray, also if you chose a light gray it could be co ld in the winter, so there for dark gray would be the best color.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23362.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,The author organizes the article kind of like a comic book at the beginning. The rest of the article is like a big story of information.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12676.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"1. When the mRNA leaves the nucleus, it travels down the endoplasmic reticulum to go and get transformed into tRNA.2. When it is changed into tRNA, the cell can make different amino acids to make more proteins.3. After the cell makes more amino acids the proteins can make different things. 4 the cells then change and can form and be appart from different things.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14266.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"flagella, cellium,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17183.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"She is caring for her sister because she was trying to make her feel better about their father being away. She said it had only been four months, and said he will eventually get a better job to put us through college.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 60.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"To replicate the experiment, the procedure would require more detail. One piece of information that is omitted is the amount of vinegar used in the experiment. It is also important to know what temperature the experiment was kept at during the 24 hours. Finally, the procedure needs to include details about the experiment, for example if the whole sample must be submerged.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3599.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a) In conclusion, the plastic type that stretched the most was plastic B. ^p b) Two ways that the student could of improved his or her investigation is by saying how many weights will they student put and how much does it weigh . Also, describe how long the plastic types were before she started her experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 5295.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialists. A specialist is an animal that can't adapt well to new climates. ""A panda eats almost nothing but bamboo and Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves all year"".(2)These animals need a certain environment to get their certain food while a python is a generalist ""who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere"".(19)",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23198.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The auther organizes the article in sections of different statements and problems,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27187.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,light gray :: The color will make sure the inside doesn't g et too hot or too cold.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5115.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The Chinese panda and koalas are both specialists. They have a stable diet of one food and only one. Pythons are generalists , according to the actions they adapt easier because they can live off and they unlike the specialists who eat food for one place in the world.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 103.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"First off these groups of students forgot to addd in step 2 how much vinegar in going to be poured in each identical container. In step number 5 the students did not say to organize the samples so you can record it as separate data because each sample is different (marble, limestone, wood, plastic). The students also forgot to include step 7, which is find the differences in mass. If another group of students were going to do this exact experiment they wouldn't know what they are comparing.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11330.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"they are tRNA, nRNA,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6197.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because the both have one food that they eat continuously. Both of those one different from pythons because pythons could eat anything that gets in its path if it was hungry enough.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5286.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas are similar to koalas because both these species greatly rely on their habitat for survival. like the article stated , these animals survive due t o a single food source, which is only abundant where they live. This is unlike the pythons, who can move due with what they have for example, Pythons in the everglades have been known to eat species that only live there, like the key Lorez wood rat and once in a while, even an alligator.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20537.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,Mr. Leonard went through similar expirences as Paul like he relied on friends to help me get by.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18729.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,1.0,"Rose doesn't want to hurt anyone's feelings by saying how she feels. She didn't want to hurt her sister or her aunt. In the story, it says; Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20808.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul realizes that Mr. Leonard was a good runner but bad reader, he realizes they are alike. It makes Paul want to help Mr. Leonard by teaching him to read and it makes Mr. Leonard to help Paul feel accepted by helping him with track. It also motivates Paul to do better in school so he won't end up flunking.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3441.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,1.0,"Based on the data table plastic. Types A, B, C and D. Plastic A was the weakest because it stretched 22 mm to 23 mm. The student could have made this experimental better if the do more trail and the temperature of the plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23235.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,The author organizes the article by using catchy phrases and useful information to better understand the subject. Each head title for each paragraph has an intriguing sentence and then the paragraph has supportive details and facts. The author mentions NASA and the European Space Agency and how they take part in the studies of space junk. The author does a great job explaining the way that the space junk works in outer space.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 14379.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,they send out messagesthey work togetherthey dont eat each other,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8306.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"I think the the significance of the word invasive means like amazing cage animals, species, reptiles.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26740.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,"white :: They Should Paint the Dog house White. If The Dog House Was whiteAnd It was a sunny day, then the dog would be hot.(do gs cant sweat.)",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11465.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Diffusion, mitosis, meiosis, and genetic diffusion",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21632.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The effect that background information Paul has about Mr. Leonard is astonishes Paul greatly. Paul onl;y knew Mr. Leonard as the hall monitor at his school. But Mr. Leonard was more then just a hall monitor. He was a very gifted athlete. He was one of the best back in his days and broke many of records and won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals as a freshman. Mr. Leonard taught Paul to that he can over come obstacles and never give and stirde for what he wants.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3137.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"In conclusion in trial one plastic type B streched the most while plastic type A was the lowest in trial two plastic type B streched the furtherist. ^P Measure the height of the table, weigh the weights.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21215.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,Paul feels that Mr. Leonard and him have so much in common. Paul has trouble reading and the reason Mr. Leonard didn't know his name was because he was a poor reader as well. After Paul found out about Mr. Leonard it made him feel comfortable knowing that he wasn't alone in his situation and someone just as great as Mr. Leonard struggled as well.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3296.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"In conclusion, The polymer plastic that was the most stretchable, according to our experiments data, was plastic type A (10mm-12mm). The polymer plastic that we found to be the least stretchable was plastic C which actually shrank, it went from 14mm to 13 mm. Plastic B stretched 1mm and plastic D was impervous to the weight and didn't change/. A couple of ways the students can improve this experiment would be to at more trials to increase the validity and they can specify the actual weight that they used for the experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18556.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One of Rose's traits is the she is resourceful. She needed a topic for her paper, and she was able to come up with one after talking to her aunt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21380.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"I think that Mr. Leonards' background information has a big effect on Paul. I think this because before Mr. Leonard actually talked to Paul, Paul had no idea what Mr. Leonards' past life was like. In sentence thirty eight Paul said this 'You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records.' This makes me think that Paul will try harder at everything he does, just because he found out about Mr. Leonards' past.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 21346.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,"The background information that Paul gets from Mr. Leonard, helps motivate him. It might make Paul, really work on his reading. Even though Paul is still young, his running ablities may get him to also get a scholarship like Mr. Leonard, and for that he wouldn't want to lose his scholarship because of his grades either. You can tell by that, from when he tells Mr. Leonard, 'C'mon, Mr. Leonard, it's time you start your training.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3450.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,A conclusion for this experiment is that there must have been a possible error somewhere making the data unreliable. This is because the results are inconsistant. ^p One way the student could have improve the experiment is to have done more trials. Another way the student could have improve the experiment is to measure the exact weight put on the clamp.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15651.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell membrane does not allow all things in the cell.The cytoplasm slows the movement of things through the cell.Liquids pass through the membrane easily.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8338.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significant of the word "" Invasive"" to the rest of the article is that it is invasive to keep these dangerous animals as pets and that is what the other article is about.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12447.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to rRNA, rRNA then makes replicas of the DNA and tRNA takes it to the organells to follow the instructions",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6058.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"China's pandas and Australia's koalas are similar because they both don't eat a very wide variety of food. Panda's eat nothing but bamboo and koala bears eat eucalyptus leaves rarely. In order for generalists (pandas and koala bears) to survive they need change, they need to move to a different habitat and eat different things. But the specialists (snakes) can remain in the same environment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27465.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: The white lid had the lowest temperature and the black lid had the highest temperature so they would use white so when the temperature outside is hot the inside of the dog house wont get hot because the white paint will deflect the heat.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26866.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: well when it gets hot in the summer the dog w ill be cooler and white goes with everything.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20648.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,After Mr. leonard helps paul become a great runner he went and talked to the rack coach. He soon found out that Mr. leonard was an amazing runner and even got a scholarship for it. the effect of learning Mr. Leonard was a great runner was that he really knew what he was doing and taught paul very well. Paul also learned that without education its hard to keep your dreams alive. If Mr. Leonard would have known to read he could have made even more records to beat.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26347.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: White paint would make the dog house cooler b ecause white paint reflects light.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17452.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,She is hopeful that her future will be worth the work she puts in. She just needs to make out of this rough patch in life.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9260.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" has a great significance in the article. The articles main question is whether or not pythons and other generalists are invading countries or not. While people such as MacInnes argue that they are just adapting to new environments, others such as Snow, argue that they are taking over. It is left to the reader to decide if the animals are ""invasive""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20968.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"All the background information on Paul is the same as Mr. Leonard. Paul said in the second paragragh thourgh the seventh he was had a convorstion with Mr. Leonard. Mr. Leonard asked Paul, 'where do you think you're going.' Paul said, 'Learning center.' Mr. Leonard asked, 'Why.' Paul said, 'Why?' 'I can't read.' Later on in the story Paul pulled out a piece of paper and said, 'Why didn't you tell me about this?' Mr. Leonard said, 'I looked good back then, didn't I?' Paul said, 'You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records.' Mr. Leonard said, 'I remember, best race of my life.' Paul said, 'Well, what happened after that?' Mr. Leonard said, 'I was a good athlete, but not a good student. We had no learning center in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always to hard.' Paul said, 'But you went to college.' Mr. Leonard said, 'Things were different back then, the college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work i lost my scholarship and flunked ou. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read. See both Paul and Mr. Leonard can't read. They are almost alike.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 961.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"The additional information I would need in order to replicate the experiment are to know what the four samples are, how much vinegar to pour in to the containers, why to rinse the samples out with distilled water, what letting the samples sit and dry for 30 minutes does, and what I will measure the samples in to find their mass?",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8859.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"In the article MacInnes says ""invasive species"" is unfair"". 'Invasive' is very significant to the article because they explain how to much of the reptiles could be a ""major threats to biodiversity"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23415.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author has the orbiting junk telling the facts of numerous objects obiting our path ways of our globe.What is space junk then the author explains what space junk is.Then the crash course,little bits,but a huge deal.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 826.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,3.0,"After reading the students experiment I would need to know what size containers, how much vinegar for each sample, the kind of sample, and the mass of the sample.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 115.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"In order to replicate this experiment, you should know how much of each sample you were supposed to start with, what you were trying to determine from this experiment and you should know how the containers were kept room temperature outside etc.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14043.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Nuclear envelope- it is used to take waste out of the cell.Lysosomes,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26689.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: If the dark the color the hotter it gets why not choose white to keep the dog nice and cool in some ways.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6724.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"A china's panda and a Australia koala bear are similar because they are both bears, But are different from python's because a generalist is, ""arguribly a human being also can live anywhere"" which is stated from the text. And the China panda and Australia koala can only live where they are at.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11637.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"anaphase, metaphase, prophase, and telophase.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5627.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"A panda is similar to a koala because it only eats one thing, bamboo. However a koala eats eucalyptus leaves. This differs from a python which has a broader diet which is why it can survive in more places. I can also tell that a python can eat different things because, swallowed an alligator. Also, the article states, ''you could probaly have pythons snacking up the Pitmeas river.''",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17054.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 220.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,1.0,"The group would need to put in the materials, more information on what to do and add the measurement into be a good procedure.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5554.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,0.0,"From the story it says. China's panda eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's Koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves exclusively. These two animals are different from pythons because they eat leaves all the time and pythons only eat meat. Pythons can not adapt to any environment because of the climate and how they eat. A panda and Koala can because they only eat leaves.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20417.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,In many cases Leonard and Paul have much in common. Paul never learned to read neither did Leonard. Leonard encouraged Paul to do Track Paul could relate to Leonard.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12411.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Interphase, Telophase, Prophase, and Anaphase.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 27468.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,"white :: I choose white because if the doghouse is out side, then the white would absorb enough energy to keep the dog warm with out overheating it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 27472.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: With white the temperaturein the dog house wo uld stay nice andd cool in the summer,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21518.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"I think after Paul read about Mr. Leonard it pushed him harder to run and jump the hurdles, for he was also impressing him and he knew if he worked hard at it like he does with his reawding he'll be able to do it better everyday.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24651.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes this article in a particular order that it all ties together. He or she begins with a creative introduction to engage the reader, then proceeds to lead right into the main idea: space junk. He mentions the objects that have been sent into Eath's atmosphere and branches off the problem of satellites, and what happens when it malfunctions. He concludes this with the fact that this object will become space junk. This leads into the next paragraph where he explains problems that 'dead' satellites cause, and so on. The author continues to tie eveything together in this particular order throughout the entire passage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11842.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,One step is microevolution.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3119.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a) Based on the students data, plastic type B is the weakest plastic out of them all, and the strogest polymer plastic is plastic A because it was stretched the least. ^p B) The students could've included more discription on the plastic, like each plastics length or width, in order to show that everything was the same in length and width. Also the students should include in procedure on how many weights they used.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 12275.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA, tRNA,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 32.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,You will need a timer to determine the time that the vinegar dryed up.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 24259.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The arthor gives many details why space junk is not good at all. Some people don't care when others do. The author also puts the details in sections and all the information that they are talking about all in one paragraph and they don't skip around. They tell us that some people take it seriously and some people don't play around with things like space junk.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15260.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,cell membrane allows certain materials to move around the cells,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9475.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Throughout the article the word ""invasive"" is used repetatively. The significance to this word is clear because it explains a lot about the article. The species known as ""invasive species"" explains that the animals may be basically taking over the everglades which may or may not be a problem but some say it's town being ""introduced"" not ""invasive"" and ""the best thing to hoppen to the Everglades....""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20144.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul feels he can relate to Mr. Leonard. Paul knows how if feels to not be able to read. He knows how it feels to be embarrassed when called upon to read aloud. Also, he knows how it feels to not know the answer that everyone else knew.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11921.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,membrane dissapearing,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18263.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that describes rose is cautious, just because of the way she chose her words carefully in both conversations.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 18264.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is a very giving and thoughtful person. Rose is helping her family by getting an education and even though her aunt asked of she felt weighed down for what she was doing for her her family, Rose didnt tell her the truth on how she really felt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17175.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose doesn't like the fact that her brother has taken responsibility for both Rose and her sister. For example, when she said, 'only three years older, he held the fate of two people--both his sisters--in his hands.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14711.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,mitochdiran- store foodMembrane- help against bad stuff,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6538.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia both species very similar. It says in the article that pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. These animals are different from pythons because unlike pythons they don't become most abundant around humans.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11252.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Protein synthesis has four major steps which are the mRNA leaves the nucleus then makes the protein into a smaller strand and the tRNA takes it to where the RNA is and passes it off to the RNA, then the RNA takes the protein to where they can read it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26408.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,"dark gray :: The greater the increase in the air temperatu re in the glass jar , because darker colors absorb more energy.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20806.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,he noticed that he came from being a very good track coach in a different state.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5069.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas are both similar because on the article it talks about them being ""specialist"" and how they solely survive on one food sources. Panda has bamboo while koalas has eucalyptus. They are both different from pythons because a python is a generalist and can live in different warm environments and as the article said rat, mice, aligator and anything in between.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18530.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"I believe the story reveals that Rose is a caring person. The evidence behind my reasoning is when Rose said, 'We have to do our part to help Paul finish collge. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for our college.'. The reason I chose this part of the story is because I believe it shows a sympathy towards her sister, and by saying this to her it's allowing her sister to feel better about the situation. Rose would have to be a caring person to express sympathy to her sister.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17527.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that can describe Rose based on her conversation with Anna is that she believes money is everything. Anna said 'money isn't everything', and Rose said, 'Only if you already have everything.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8587.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive means invaiding, which is exactly what the pythons could do if it were do be rellied in the wild and adapts. They are natural predators, nothing eats them and they have a wide range of pray they can eat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14683.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,decomposing,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27345.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,light gray :: it will wear.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 27077.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: This might affect th dog house by making it c ooler in there intead of really hot all the time.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17263.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One trait that can describe Rose is determination. One detail that supports Rose being determined is how even though she feels busy and overloaded, she is determined to still work hard at her job and school work to make things easier for her family.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 2830.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,Plastic type B is the polymer with the most stretchability. At the end of the experiment this is apparent because in both trials it stretched the most mm. Two ways to make the experiment better would be to leave the weights on for a longer period of time and also to add more weight on another was would be to make the experiment better would be to leave the heights on for a younger period of time and also to add more weight on. Another way would be to use a double thickness of each material in evert trials.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11630.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Then it finds another single strand of mRNA with matching codons, after it finds the matching codons then the restrction enzyme cuts off the excess codons of the strands, once that is done both ends of the mRNA strands match each other.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1329.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,To repeat the students experiment you would need to know additionaly to the procedure,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27458.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: this color would keep the inside of the dogs house warm because dark colors attract heat from the son.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6038.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are alike because they both only eat one thing and could not live where that food is unavailable they're different from pythons because a python will eat anything, the article over said it with a alligator.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15295.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1.resperation is one way it takes substances across the cell2. food gathering also is another way when it gathers the food3. cell selection is another way they select what they want,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12103.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,replication,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 765.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,The additional information I would add would be to record the data at the end of the procedure. Find the average of the samples. To find the difference in the objects that were placed in the container.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 328.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"To make this procedure repeatable, we would first need to know the four samples we would be working with. Otherwise, we couldn't even start the experiment. We would also need to know how much Vinegar in ml to pour in the cups.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27194.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"dark gray :: This color is not to cold or to hot, it is ar ound normal temperature. After 10 minutes it should be around the same te mperature and if the growth in temperature continued it could get warm on cool days",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26241.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,light gray :: The light gray color might affect the inside of the doghouse because if it isnt to dark or to light the inside wont be to hot or to cold. This is because dark colors absorb more energy and light colors reflected energy. The light gray was about in the middle with 45(DEG)c so i thought it was the best choice for the dog.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12570.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,The mRNA goes to a ribosome. Then tRNA come and attach themselves to the mRNA. The DNA is replicated. Then they unzip and there are two DNA strands.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11370.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17855.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose is caring as you can tell from both of the conversations she had in the story. In neither of the conversations does she want to hurt the other ones feelings so Rose hides her fellings to make sure the other is not hurt.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21354.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,Mr. Leonard's background information explained that he was a hall monitor whom everyone obeyed and never thought about anything else. This kind of reputation encouraged Paul to simply and blankly do as Mr. Leonard told him. It even encouraged Paul to obey Mr. Leonard on something as strange as being told to run hurdles on the track field.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3039.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"In conclusion, plastic B stretched the most (22 & 23 mm) and plastic A stretched the least (10 & 12 mm). ^p One way to help improve the experiment is to have a constant, which would be each plastic with out any weights. Another way to help improve this experiment is to specify how much weight should be added to the clamp.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 27577.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: White would keep the doghouse the coldest (ar ound 40). If the doghouse was white it would be in the low forties. If th e doghouse was light grey it would be in the mid forties. If the doghouse was dark grey it would be high forties. If the doghouse was black it wou ld be in the low fifties. White would reflect the light and not heat up t he doghouse as much as any other color.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26187.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Black is the best color for the doghouse in o rder to keep the dgohouse warm. brandi and Jerry's data showed that the d arker the lid (or in this case, doghouse) the darker the color, the more increase in air temperature. Which in the lid experiment, the data showed that black on average had the highest data of 53(DEG)C while others lik e dark gray and light gray had averages of 48(DEG) and 45(DEG) C.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3964.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"a) According to this investigation, the shorter the plastic is the more it will stretch. ^p The experiment is not very valid due to the following: we are not aware of what each plastic type is. Also more trials should have been done so you could have more of a comparison between each trial. Two trials is not enough.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 477.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"In order to deplicate this experiment, we would need to know how much vinegar the people used. If we don,t know and we use more or less, it could change the experiments outcome. Also , we would need to know all of the tools they used so that we could use the same ones. And finally, it would help if they measured the mass inbetween the 24 hours.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 37.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,In order to replicate the experiment i would need to know how much of each material is used before i go and find the mass. I would need to know how much vinegar to pour on each material. Although they show the materials in the data take they should still list them in the procedure.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17166.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,She is a compasionate and caring person that cares about others. One detail from the story that supports my answer is when she asked her sister what was wrong and if she felt okay.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27122.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,black :: the color will affeect the doghouse because i t will be less hot iin the dog house and black reflects sunlight.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 754.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,3.0,"The students left out some important information in the procedure, like how much vinegar should be put into the cups. If we were to replicate the experiment we would not have the students data table so how much of what samples do we need to conduct the experiment. Where should the samples dry, warm, cold, in the sun?",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 876.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"How much vinegar you will need to put in the container, what is the control variable, what's the dependent and independent variable.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8602.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive is significant to the article because throughout the article, it talks about how nonnative reptiles cause a rise in invasive species. For example, ""the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the everglades.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 15313.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,1.0,"One process used by the cell to control movement accross the cell membrane is through energy. The cell uses its energy to control the movement across its membrane. Another way is by endocytosis. Endocytosis helps bring things into the cell. Lastly, there is exocytosis. Exocytosis is when things are being removed from the cell.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 2957.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,1.0,"I drew a conclusion based on the students data that plastic type B stretched out the most in mm for both trial one and trial turn. One way the students could have improved their experimental design is that they could've informed us what type of plastics were being tested like; garbage bag, freezer bag and sandwhich bag. Another way the students could've improved their experiments by how many weights did they put in for each plastic bag they stretched out.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3698.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,A) Plastic type B has the most stretchability and plastic type A has the least stretchability. ^p B) The student could have told how much weight they put on the plastic. They could of also explained how plastic types become smaller.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26713.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: That color will effect the doghouse because t he doghouse will not be hot in the summer it will stay cool in the there.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8214.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The term invasive is used in this article to describe the generalist species (pythons) which are being introduced. ""...The government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. ""(achanbash 1) The word ""invasive"" implies that they were introduced and they later populated which to some, seems invasive.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 158.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"To replicate the experiment, you would need to find out how much vinegar to pour into the containers. We know that marble lost 4 grams, limestone lost 1.3 grams, plastic lost 1 grams and wood stayed the same, but we need to know how much vinegar was used for each sample.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3980.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a. Overall plastic type b had the most stretchability amongst all of them.^p b.1 done more trials to compare with results. b2 check lengths and other measurements to see if they are correct.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 5734.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both indangered species they are both different from the snake because the snake has many of it's kinds around the world.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21332.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Mr. Leonard is kind of like Paul they both have troube with reading but thry are both wonderful athletes and Mr. Leonard wants Paul to succeed in life he wants Paul to have the oppurti\unity that he didnt.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8119.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The word invasive, in this sense, means invading the homeland of another and taking over. For example, the burmose python is on invasive species in the Everglades natural park and is driving either animals like the key large wood not to extination. Most generalist species are invasive because they look for different places to live. ""Invasive"" means a lot to this article.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 25964.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,1.0,white :: they would want to choose white for the summer because it wont attract alot of heat. they would want to use black for the winter to attract more heat,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8226.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive is putting species where it's never been, and the article is all about introducing species in different parts of the world and how it can affect animals. Such as the snakes brought to Florida threatening 5 endangered species or how much pythons could spread if brought into the U.S.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26629.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: the inside of the doghouse would be much warm er inside the doghouse then the other colors. the black attracts more hea t.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17617.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose is caring and wants to help. She is understanding and when talking to her sister and aunt she expresses how she feels but also understands how she needs to help out.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11618.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. mRNA leaves the nucleus2. The mRNA grabs onto a cell and goes throughout the body3. The mRNA goes to the stomach4. The mRNA starts the protein synthesis,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26082.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,0.0,white :: White will be better for the doghouse because it will be more heat efficiant and will let in less heat. if black was u sed it absorbs more heat then lighter colors would.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21349.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,I will write about why i feel that what paul found out about Mr. Leonard effects him in anyway. I think that the background information effected paul because he relized something new and very important about his teacher/coach. When he told Mr. Leonard about the url he reccived Mr. Leonard told paul about his past. Thats why I think that what paul found out about mr. leonard effects. They basically have the same issuses in their lifes. Another reason why I feel like it effects paul is because paul can relate to Mr. Leonard and paul can understand how he feels. Paul and Mr. Leonard have the same issuse with reading and paul feels since he is learning how to read he can teach/help Mr. Leonard at reading also.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 17739.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rosa was kind to Aunt Kolab when she didn't answer the question. She didn't want to hurt her aunt.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 12106.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,It separates then replicates after leaving the nucleus.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26938.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: If the dog house was painted white it would not get as hot on the inside on warm days. The average lowest temperature after 10 minutes a light was 42(DEG) with the white lid.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20501.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The effects that Mr. Leonards past was on paul was that it reminded paul of himself. He felt the embarrisment When he was called apone to read or when he did not know an awnser every one else new. It all reminded him of Mr. Leanard who was a track star that flunked out of college because he could not read. Paul then deliberates that because Leanord is helping him at track he will help leanord read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12304.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The protein obsorb energy from the sun, It produces sugars, proteins are made, energy is stored.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12086.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,it copys over and over to make more protein then,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21667.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Learning Mr. Leonard's background information, Paul becomes more interested in his life. When Mr. Leonard told Paul about his difficulties in reading, Paul felt like someone finally knew how he felt, and everything that he was saying was familiar to him. Since Mr. Leonard had helped Paul succeed in track and field, Paul decided that he would work with Mr. Leonard and they would succeed in reading together.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14892.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement of a cell is mitchodria, cyplast, and cell wall.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11715.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. mRNA carries instructions from the nucleus for the amino acid sequence of a protein.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14400.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,INCREASE SURFACE AREAINCREASE OF WIEGHTDECREASE OF MASS,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 177.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"These students procedure was not a reliable one. The material needed to mention what kind of material they uses. Is there only reducing to ism the ""sample."" They also needed to know how much vinegar to pour into the cup. The material also that not include in control groups. which is a centered post or any experiment. They student variable unchecked. They also included only the trial.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21479.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"During the story we get more and more information about Mr. Leonard. This information gives Paul a better understanding on why and how Mr. Leonard was able to give him such accurate training tips. Before the author started to give us information about Mr. Leonard we were, along with paul, given hints into his past such as 'Say, whats your name?'. When Paul revieves all the bacground information, all these hints become apparent, and he understands why he was being helped.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26145.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: usually a dog house is only used in the summe r so to keep the dog a little less cooler they should use a white paint. bc i learned that all the colors bounce off white and go somewhere else a long with their heat. but blck has all the colors so it obsorbs all color s and their heat. so white would be best in the table it shows that the average temput ure for a white house is 42(DEG)c. the average temputure for lightgray i s 45(DEG)c, the average temp. for dark gray is 48(DEG)c, and black's av erage temp. is 53(DEG)c. thats an 11(DEG)c difference. whitch could be very important.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12049.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The mRNA leaves the nucleus and then goes to the Golgi apparatus. It then goes to the lysosomes, then finally goes to the nucleus again.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 24436.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,Tey lay it out from what what is space junk which expalins what is space junk. Then Crash course expalins how space junk is deadly when passed and can run risk.and lastly how does effect a spacecraft when space junk is passed and how it must bemade stronger.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15371.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Interphase is the biging of the cell cycle where the chromatids duplicate. Anaphase the second is the stage where the nucleus dissapears. Prophase is where the sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27051.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: It Was The Coolest With the Temp. Of 42(DEG) C. It would Be To Hot To Use Black Which Was 53(DEG)C. Inside The Jar.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26086.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: The temperature inside the dog house will be cooler than if they use a darker color such as black.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8668.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significant to the article because the use of the word portrays what those species are unwelcome whereas MacInnes believes ""it's the best thing to happen to Everglades"". The article discusses how amazing those species are and they're not ""invasive"" to the world.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24252.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,the aurthor organize the article by putting the information about when we start to first put satillites into space and then starts talking about other things about the satillites and ends it with they hope that the space agencies will come together and clear up space junk.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24409.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The author organizes the article by first, catching your attention with a surprising question. The author then continues with the explanation of why things are out in space, and the problem with all of this debris. I believe it was organized quite well and the seriousness of this subject is strongly emphasized.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3317.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a.) The conclusion of this experiment was to find the stretchability of different plastics. In the data results I found that plastic type B has the most stetchability of the four plastics in both trial 1, and trial 2. ^p B.) What were the weight of the weights that were used. How long was the length of the string that was attached to the weights.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3060.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,Two ways the students could have improved the experiment design is to added different weights to see how much long the plastic could stretch until it trips. Another is to do more than two trial to make more reliable.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14053.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"They use the a chemical proccess of enzymes, the membrain also, and through channels in the membrain.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17737.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose has a tendency to not let others know how she is really feeling. An example of this is in paragraph 11, sentence 2 when 'she tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her.' This shows that Rose is hiding her true emotions so that she can make Anna feel better about their family situation. Instead of voicing her doubts, she laughs in an attempt to brighten the situation.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27331.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: This color would make the dog house 11(DEG)C cooler than than if it was a black color. So the dog wouldnt be hot all the time and have a cool temperature in the house. In Brandy and Jerry's experiment the white lid was the coldest, and they said dark colors absor b more heat, so white would be an appropriate color.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21500.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,"Paul was suprised that Mr. Leonard wasn't good at rading. He was shocked when he saw that Mr. Leonard was a college track star but, not a good student.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24175.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,The author starts out with a humorous exploration of a toolbag which is later explained. The tone is switched to a more serious one and talks about how the space junk is dangerous. The author brings in some history which is needed to explain a few things. Afterwards the article tells how the microdebris can destroy things launched into space and gives an analogy to give a picture. Then ends with how the pollution in space is increasing and how it IS a huge problem.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5806.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia by, they both are herbivores. Also, they both live in warm climates. They are different from pythons because one pandas and koalas are warm blooded and pythons are cold blooded. Also, pythons are located everywhere ""A USGS map showed potential pythons stretching from California to Delaware and including much in the south.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14353.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,protien enzyms rna,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6221.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Chinas panda and Australias koala bear are both specialist species. Also they both eat basically the same type of food, bamboo and eucalyptus leaves. These two species differ from a python because a python is a generalist. Also the article said that a python can live anywhere as a panda/koala cant.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15007.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Mitosis-lets things get in and outosmosis-water,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15569.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrance are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8178.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"The word invasive is important to know. This is because it is seen all through the article. An example is when they say these is a trade in nonnative creastures a factor is a rise of invasive species, so you need to understand this word to understand the purpose of the article and what they are saying.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12296.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,interphaseprophase metaphaseaniphase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17484.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,0.0,Persistent.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6702.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because they both look just alike. But their different from pythons pandas and koalas bears don't eat meat they eat bamboo or eucalyptus leaves while the pythons eats meat like (lion, tiger)",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26583.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: The average temperature inside the glass jar with a black lid was 53(DEG)C. With a dark gray lid, the average tempera ture was 48(DEG)C. With a light gray lid, the average temperature was 45 (DEG)C. With a white lid, the average temperature was 42(DEG)C. The sta rting temperature was 24(DEG)C, so the average temperature for the black lid raised the starting temperature by 29(DEG)C. The average temperatur e for the black lid also kept the glass jar 11(DEG) warmer than the whit e lid. Therefore to keep the inside of the doghouse warm, and also to kee p the dog warm in cold temperatures, black would be the best color, becau se it had the highest average temperature inside the glass jar.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6012.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas can only live in a small section of the globe. Pandas can only live in China and koalas can only live in Australia. Pythons can live in any warm area of the world as long as it has forested areas. Pythons can live in a third of the continental United States.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 801.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"The first thing thing they did wrong was they didn't explain what their objective and investigation was about. Also they didn't compare any data and talk about the difference in the mass. They got information, but it did not have any mention to it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 18350.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose trys to act that every thing is ok when around her sister to make sure her sister dosent worry, for example when Rose realized she was over worked and had to finish her essay ,and Anna walked in and saw the look she had on her face and asked if everything was fine, and she replied that she just had a bad dream.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15469.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. There are cells to transport protiens.2. There are cells to let different substances in and out of the membrane3. There are cells to transport energy.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11643.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,the mRNA splits in half then leaves the nucles and one half finds the correct thing then the other half one does too,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 9154.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Invasive seems to be a ""passing Judgement"" as said in the book. ""Even the term 'invasive species' is unfair, he said, 'They're introduced'."" I don't know wha invasive means, but it seems like a word used to judge things a stereo type maybe.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24404.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the articles by putting them in categories. For instance they are, What Is Space Junk, Crash Course, and Little Bits, But a Big Deal. They help the reader by telling them what the paragraph is mostly going to be about, that way they are not confused for what is going on.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 19970.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"The effect the backround information has on Paul is it shows him a whole nother side to Mr. Leonard. It showed him that they were much more alike them he origanally thought.' The emotion in Mr. Leonard's words were all to familiar to me. I knew them well-feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.' After he learns this about Mr. Leonard he realizes he should do something for him in return. ''C'mon, Mr. Leonard,' I said, walking back twoard school. 'It's time to sstart your training.''",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20871.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul related better to Mr. Leonard after he found out that Mr. Leonard wasn't very good at reading either.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23433.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The author organizes the article by asking a question at the end of each paragraph, and then answers it in the following paragraph.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 1315.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"Make a data table to record each sample and the starting mass. Also record the ending mass, and the difference in mass. Also record the lowest and highest mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 18731.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,thinks she knows everything.she ignores anna.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26782.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: The doghouse should be white because then the temperature inside the doghouse would not rise as much on a sunny day because accoring to experiment and the data table, ""Lid Color vs. Air Temperature,"" the glass jar with the white lid was the least affecte d by light. For example, the average temperature inside the glass jar with the white lid after ten minutes was 42(DEG)C, while the average temperature inside the glass jar with the black lid after ten minutes was 53(DEG) C.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12040.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The mRNA goes somewhere else where it can copy to make DNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 27225.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: cause black is the darkest color which will m ake absorb the most heat.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15183.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Meiosis is used throughout the cell membrane to control and develop more cells. MRNA and RNA are used as messengers to carry the information to the needed destination. Lastly, the information is received and it has ended,",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11586.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA has to leave the nucleus, then it transfers information to tRNA. After it does that it makes copies, then lastly sends it back to mRNA.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15428.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They use the cell wall to keep bad things out and good things in.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12292.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. Is the nucleus2. Is the cytoplasm3.Is nucleouous4.core,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5028.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The pandas in China are similar to the koala bear in Australia because they are not harmful. Also they dont eat a lot of diffrent things they eat bamboo and eucalyptus leaves. They are diffrent from pythons because pythons eat whatever is around if they are hungry.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21638.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The background of Mr.Leonard related to the narrator, Pual because Mr.Leonard didnt know how to read when he was in college just like Paul. Paul had the same problem, he couldnt read also. So while Mr.Leonard was teaching Paul to become a good athlete, at the end of the story Paul was now going to teach Mr.Leonard how to read because Paul had already been a remediation class.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3742.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a. As shown by the data, plastic B was the plastic that stretched the most. All the other plastics were between10 - 20 while plastic B needed the with 22mm and 23mm. b. A control always improves the validity of date so one would help the experiment. More trials could also help so we are no outliers or mistakes.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 9779.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The word ""invasive"" is very significant in the article. This word is telling the reader that reptiles are a very intense species. Also, they are unlike vary other animal. Overall, the use of the word ""invasive"" is simply used to describe the many differences between these reptiles and other animals.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17999.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Dragged, because of the dream she had the night before that she told her aunt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 1179.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"-Change the amount of havre. ^p -Leave the samples to sit and dry for more or less than 30 minutes. ^p -Pour vinegar in each of for separate, but different containers.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6144.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas and koalas both generally eat only one type of food. Pandas eat bamboo according to paragraph 21. ""...panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo"" and in that same paragraph it say koalas eat eucalyptus leaves ""almost exclusively."" Pythons are a different story, unlike pandas and koalas, Pythons eat generally anything they can get their mouth around. Like in paragraph 13 a python encountered an alligator and tryed to eat it, which in turn led to its death.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 354.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"To replicate the experiment there would need to be a control group which is what didn't receive the treatment and in this case didn't receive the vinegar, needs to be more clear. It says pour vinegar into a container but it's not specific as to how much vinegar. Also how much of the sample that will be used isn't stated.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 968.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"There are several pieces of additional information needed to replicate this experiment. First, we need to know how much vinegar to add, in order to keep the amount constant and get results like those given. What size and configuration should the containers be ? It says ""identical"", but does not specify anything else. Thirdly, how do we determine the mass of the samples ?",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5236.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because both countries have similar climates and the are different from pythons because a python is kind of a wild animal.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11599.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,1.) mRNA is transcribed into tRNA2.) codons form in sections of 3 nucleotides with a 'stop' codon at the end3.) tRNA plugs into the codons and starts making the amino acids4. amino acids form into proteins,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14721.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. Transports information throughout the body2. Carries oxygen throughout the body3.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23463.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,Starts off with an exciting begining then leads off into a calm question and response from the author. After that it goes into talking about crashes and why they happen. Then it goes onto how even little things are dangerous in space.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27429.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,1.0,black :: If you see the doghouse black then you can se e better because the color is black you can see black better in the after noon.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12660.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Transcription-DNA-Translation-RNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8994.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" shows how effective generalist animals are to the world. they want to explain how these dangerous animals can settle anywhere in the world which would persuade readers to be frightened.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20451.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,He is proud that Mr. Leanord is going to help him with his reading trouble.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3078.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,3.0,"a) Based on the students data you can conclude that plastic. Type B has the most stretchability. ^p b) One thing the student could have done top improve their experimental design would have been to tell how much weight to put on the clamps. They also could have said which side to clamp because edge could mean left, right or anything",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11743.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,The first step is where the mRNA goes to the ribosones soo they DNA can be replicated. The second step is wjere the tRNA gets added with the DNA. The third step is when the tRNA foes back to the nucleus to get added to the DNA. i cant remember the last.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12732.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA leaves the nucleus, the amino acids form a protein, tRNA transfers the poteins from the amino acids, and I do not know any thing els.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3453.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a) Plastic B stretched more than plastics A,C & D when weights are added to it. ^p 1. How much weight was added. 2. What do they measure length in.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 27365.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Black will absorb more heat, therefore keepin g the dog warm throughout the year. the average temperature inside the ja r with a black lid was 53 degrees Celcius, while all the other colors had an average of 48 degrees celsius or lower.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5946.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in China are similar to Koalas in Australia because of the fact that they are both specialist, and both different from pythons because pythons are generalist.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21257.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"The background information Paul recieves about Mr. Leonard actually encourages him to strive to excel in his track and field. In fact, it boosts his confidence. The reader knows that Mr. Leonard's story has touched Paul when he realizes, inside of his head, that his mentor was just like him when he was younger. Then, Paul decides to encourage Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11559.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1) mRNA GOES TO DNA and get its molecules2) mRNA take DNA to tRNA3) tRNA copies it4) DNA is transfered,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26536.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"dark gray :: This color will allow the doghouse to be reli tively warm in the winter yet cool enough in the summer to keep the dog c omfterble. The average temperature of the Dark Gray lid was 48(DEG)C, 5(DEG) C cooler than the average temperature for the hottest lid, which was the Black lid, and therefore shows that the doghouse will be able to sustain a comt erble temperature.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 25954.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,1.0,"light gray :: The darker of color the , the hoter it g ets",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 18644.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Caring-she cares because she didn't want to answer her aunt truthfully whenever she knew that it would hurt her aunt's feelings.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23985.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The author organizes this article in an order that tells you what they are talking about, what it is, and the problems it causes. It is a very cause and effect type of order. An example being how they first tell you what space junk is and then go on to tell you how it is dangerous to have the junk floating around in outer-space because they run the risk of coliding with eachother.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 954.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"You would need to know what samples you would need to use. How much vinegar to put in the container, say if there was any repeating the trial.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5483.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"China and Australia have two different cultures, but China's Panda and Australia's koala bear are both specialist. They both eat one or two foods while a python is a generalist meaning it'll eat mostly anything.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9164.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive in the article is saying that a species with no natural predatore than ecosystem are introduced into that ecosystem and inbalance the ecosystem.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14681.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1.) homeostasis-it controls the temperature of the cell to help it survive2.),https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23187.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,The author starts off by getting your attention the explaining what space junk is. Then they talk about how satellites can collide with each other. The author ends by explaining how space junk poses a big problem.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9279.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The significance of the word invasive is like an example of the pythons invading other countries. They inhabit places that have a climate one third similar to the United States.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 5764.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Koalas and pandas are similar. They both only are pretty much one food source. They are both specialists. In the article it says, the python however is a generalist and can survive in many different environment like the Everglades.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5807.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,Pandas and Koalas are specialized animals who have particular dietary needs. They can only survive if the conditions and food is right. Pythons diet is more general and can be changed if need be and therefore is a generalized animal that can thrive in may locations.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9796.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive means farced. Because there saying how people started banging in species to new places. And macInnes says of being forced there being introduced.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 1622.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,The first bit of information that you need is how vinegar is needed in the four different containers. They never said what to use to determine the mass and they never said what kind of samples.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21358.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Throughout the story there are times when you suspect that Mr. Leonard is just like Paul. When they are at the track and Mr. Leonard asks for Pauls name, is a good sign that Mr. Leonard cannot read either. Mr. Leonard sees in Paul the likeness and commoness that they share. The effect it has on Paul is the support he gets from someone just like him. Paul can finally believe he can be great at something and that trying hard is not just a waste of time. Mr. Leonard wants to help Paul out, but the only way for him to help is if Paul lets him. Paul may not know exactly what Mr. Leonard went through right off the bat. But little by little Paul finds out and it motivates Paul to be a better person, athlete and harder worker.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14912.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The three processes that the cells use to control movement across the cell membrane are the cell wall, mitosis, and osmosis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3815.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,1.0,"A. I conclude that plastic B worked the best because it held in most weight like 22,23 and the lowest was 10,12 so terefore plastic B works the best. ^P B. What they could have done was add more trials or change the type of cup.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 9152.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive means passing judgement and I think it is also unfair. Invasive species unchecked by natural predators are major threats to biodiversity.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11443.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The mRNA leaves the nucleus transporting information. Then the mRNA travels to the cells membrane. Then the mRNA drops off the information, then goes back to the nucleus.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18439.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"From paragraph 19 I could tell that Rose is a very modest person. I got the feeling that she doesn't like to bother people. She even says 'If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt.' Therefore she clearly does not want to burden anyone.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 1264.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"To order to reapit this experiment I need the number of mass, limestone,wood,plastic how much zone I have to doesn't tell us we need to reapit the steped we need to know how long time we need to do the trials to know if the on same is right.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27148.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,0.0,white :: white duns not atat so mush heat,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 9053.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive is significant because. It tells that the animals are not supposed to be where they are. They are animals are from different places and are now invading habitats that they shoudn't be in, they are taking food from those habitats and having other animals with more competition for food.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6436.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koala in Australia because they both herbivores. Pandas eat bamboo and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. They're relatively harmless and are specialists. They are both different than pythons because pythons are generalists and they eat meat.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 16978.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is grateful. She is willing to help the family whenever it is needed. She is willing to get a job and helped pay for her college education and also Anna's, her younger sister. In the story it says in a different way that she is proud of her heritage and how she lives.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 4040.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"(a) Based on the students data, I can conclude that plastic type A stretched the least. It is the strongest of the four, because it only stretched an average of 11mm (averaged from the two trials), while B's average stretch was 22.5mm C's average stretch was 13.5, and C's average was 20mm. (b). They should have specified the amount of weight. They should have specified the size and shape of the plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15161.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Osmisis, one using energy, one not using energy",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20633.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,0.0,Mr.Leonard's background information has alot of impact on Paul mainly because Paul is facing the same problem. Mr. Leonard explains to him that he can be a good athlete but school is important to. Through the teachers past Paul has started to open his eyes.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3279.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,One way the students could have improved the experimental design is to add how much weight they were putting on the plastics. Another way they could have improved the experimental design is to do another trial.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14190.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,One process used by cells is energy that functions the cell membrane.The second process used by cells is the cell wall keeping the cell membrane protected.The third process used by cells is the nucleus control everything to keep the movement on track.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8235.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive quite literally means something that does not belong but intrudes and stays anyway. This applies to the rest of the article because it is stating that they are endangering society and taking over Florida.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11786.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,First the mRna leaves the nucleus. The next step is to divided the ATP's. After that one energy leaves the ATP. Then it is given a new name.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12110.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. mRNA arrives and leaves the sequence from the DNA.2. tRNA gives the rest of the sequence.3. The Sequence gets renewed.4. It starts over again.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15302.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. Its like a security guard in the white house. The nucleus reads the information and decides if it should leave or enter the cell. The cell wall protects what enters and leaves the cell also.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 18124.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is responsible, and she just wants to do good and be a good sister.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17232.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,One trait that can be described is pride instead of rose swallowing her pride and telling Anna what she really felt she coverd up her felling and told he sister something else in witch to get here sister to leave her alone or change the sbject.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23145.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,The author organized the article by putting the information into paragraphs and putting the information into the best fitted paragraph. Under 'What is Space Junk' they only talk about space junk.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23432.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"He arranges this article by describing what space objects are, then hiow they move, and then how dangerous they are to the world. Just by looking at the titles you can see this, 'What Is Space Junk,' 'Crash Course,' 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 14189.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"1. They are connected to the membrane so that they can controll movement.2. they are feeding the membrane, giving it nutrients and such to make it work better.3.there is a thick gell that allows only the movement of substances pass through.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3235.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,The data shows that the plastic types stretched about the same in both trials. In the procedures the student must say which she is recording the data. I think the data would have a better conclusion if the student did another trial for each different plastic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3174.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,2.0,The plastic type A is shown to be the the strongest plastic type. Mean while the plastic type B shows to be the plastic that stretched out the longest.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18561.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,When Rose is speaking with her sister you see the caring side of her. Even though she is upset about the stress that is in their family she tries to be strong for her sister. She acts as if everyting will be okay which shows that she cares for her family.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11006.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,mRNA leaves the nuleus and carries instructions for amino acid sequence of a protien to the ribosomes where it helps code the amino acid and makes the protien.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1513.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"What the samples are, how much vinegar should be added to each container, where the samples are contained for the 24 hr waiting period.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 367.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"In order to replicate the experiment after reading, you will need to know what the 4 different samples are. You will also have to know how much vinegar to pour in each container. You will have to rich what the measure is when you are let it sit for the 24 hours.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11825.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The first step in protein synthesis is after leaving the nucleus the mRNA will look for the protein. The second step is the mRNA will copy the protein. The therd step is that the mRNA will make new protein and the final step is the mRNA will head back to the nucleus.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 347.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,The additional information it would need would be the,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11783.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,Protein synthesis occurs by mRNA transporting it to the endoplasmic reticulum. Then the protein is copied and then split several times again. Then the proteins copies are later returned to the nucleus and used from then on out.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14942.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,plasmembreane to movemovement to move around the cellplacement to place something in the cell,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9348.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive in this article means that people may be invaded the reptiles space and something happened.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26332.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: I chose white because the white paint color d oesn't abosorb that much energy than the other colors and also the air te mperature inside wouldn't be as high as the other colors. So if the white doghouse was placed under the sun and the starting temperature would be 24(DEG)C the average temperature would only rise up to 42(DEG)C. But if the color of the doghouse was black or gray than the temperature would b e in the 45(DEG)C - 53(DEG)C. So white doghouse would be a great pick f or the color of the doghouse.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23094.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The Author has presented different sections in his article and given them funny names, so that you will be currious and read what he has to say about space.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 21457.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,"Paul was surprised that Mr. Leonard was a great hurdler runner, and became inspired after Mr. Leonard told him he had to lose his scholarship and flunk out because he couldn't read. Paul could relate to him by remembering his feelings of embarrassment when he was called on to read and didn't know an answer everyone else knew.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3705.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"As a conclusion to the data shown on the table, plastic B had the most stretchability. According to the data collected, the information is reliable because, the amount stretched in T!wasn't too different than T2. -The student could've made the experiment more reliable by specifying the exact length of each plastic to start with, and made them all the same. Also the student should've been exact about the weights and made sure it was the same for all of them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 6376.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialists. This means that they both only eat, ""almost nothing but bamboo"" or ""eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively"". The both have stability. They are different from pythons because a python is a generalist. This means that it is more abundant, and is favored with change.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 980.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"The procedure did not tell the reader that they would have to record their data. This is important to replicate the experiment because if you do the experiment without writing anything down, you can't see the results as well.You would also need to know how much vinegar to put in the containers and have it be the same amount for each sample. You might also want to include the difference between the starting ending mass in the data findings.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20531.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"The effect that Mr. Leonard's background has on Paul is really powerful. Paul realizes that this teacher isn't just some other annoying teacher. Mr. Leonard was in the exact same boat as Paul was in, and gave him advice on how to overcome it and encouragement to let Paul know he could do it, depsite being unable to read very well.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24502.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"First the author has an introduction to grab the reader's attention. Then, the author explains what happens if debris is flying in the air. Later, he explains the consequences of the debris.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11186.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,for this process the mRNA switches over now it becomes tRNA which carries instuctions from the nucleus to the amino acid sequence of protein,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12523.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The mRNA tells some other RNA to make some protein. So that RNA goes somewhere else. Then at that place it makes some protein. The protein leaves when it is made.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26684.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,black :: The color Black would increase air temperatur e inside the doghouse. This is modeled in the experiment because when the lid on the jar was black it had an average inside air temperature of 53(DEG) C and when the Lid color was White the air temperature inside was only an avera ge of 42(DEG)C. So this shows that when the color black is used instead of white you will have an average air temperature increase of 11(DEG)C.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20395.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When the coach writes down the URL for the Track website when Paul gets home he checks it out. He finds that Mr. Leonard used to be on the track team when he was in college. He asked, Why didnt you tell me about this? Mr. Leonard answered I was a good runner but wasn't a really good student. Mr. Leonard was a very poor reader and he failed college. Since he flunked out of college nobody wanted a runner that couldn't read. Now that Pault knows the story of someone else he can now look forward to the furture and see everything he can accomplish.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 22997.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,By the time and date that these things happened on. For example he started out in 1957 and then moved to recent day.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 8543.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive is discussed in the article. The government over estimates the threat posed by these invasive creatures like reptiles. Also, the term is discussed to be unfair. The article argues that they are ""introduced"", so we bought them here, and 'invasive' would be ""passing judgement"" as said in the article.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26964.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: White would be the smarter choice, because it reflects heat verses absorbing it. According to the data the jar with the white lid stayed the coolest inside. Having black roofing tiles would be smart as well, because during the day they would absorb heat and then at night when it cools down the doghouse is warm inside. Together these two colors would make a very comfortable house.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 25999.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Black will make the dog house warmer inside b ecause darker colors absorb more energy. And in ""Air Temperature"" the average temp. for black was 53(DEG), while the average for white was 42(DEG) . Every starting temperature started at 24(DEG), therfore, black would be the best color to choose for the dog house.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 9078.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"As MacInnes said in the article, the species are ""introduced"". Invasive species are organisms that are introduced to areas where they have never lived in before. However, people consider them invasive since, normally, the species that are introduced end up tipping the natural balance of life in that environment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 15079.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell wall serves as a wall to keep things from getting into the cell. In order for things to move across the cell membrane they have to get in the cell wall.A substance may use their flagellium to move across the cell membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8820.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significant because it is a negative word used to describe something that is coming into a place that is not wanted using these terms just signifies how experts feel about python's movement. Invasive is a word that proves that python's are not welcome everywhere in the U.S.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 1511.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,The additional information I would need to replicate the experiment would be to identify each sample. Also I would need to know much vinegar to pour into each container.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5602.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because . They are also different from pythons because of the weather climate that pandas and koalas live in.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21538.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"I believe that Paul was encouraged to see that Mr. Leonard was once a track star, and that anyone can really reach their goals if they try hard enough. Mr. Leonard showed Paul that pushing yourself may get you to where you want to go, and in clearing the hurdles and running faster and faster each time, Paul made that push happen.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5944.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialist species. Meaning that they can only survive in a certain environment. For example, ""A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, and Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.""(S).",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20387.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Well when the kid went home and did research on the teacher to see what he did or what he used to do. It also helped him find out what kind of person he really is and what he likes to do.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 27487.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,"light gray :: The light grey will effect the doghouse by ma king it more noticable and plus dogs can only see black, white and grey.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 24563.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author breaks the overall article into sections that introduce the problems, give statistics, and give information on the debris itself. The three main sections are titled 'What is Space Junk,' 'Crash Course,' and 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal.' Each titled section gives a small idea of what information is described in the next couple of paragraphs. This allows the reader to always know what's going on and somewhat outlines the entire article.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12459.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,After the mRNA leaves the nucles it goes through four major steps involved with protein synthesis. Firts it goes through transcription and is changed into DNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14274.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. anaphase2. telophase3. interphase4. prophase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11221.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,first you have to show that the protein is alive.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20102.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Mr. Leonard's story has a powerful effect on Paul. It helps him realize that he is not alone in his struggles. Many people have gone through what he is going through. They had a lot in common. Paul knew the feelings and emotions that come from a reading disability. Paul is actually lucky. When Mr. Leonard was in school, they didn't have learning centers to help people read. Paul has been presented with an opportunity that he never received. Paul looks at what he has been given and the time and effort Mr. Leonard has put into him and decides that he should give something back. He takes Mr. Leonard to the school for some 'training' in reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6152.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to Koalas in Australia because both animals do not eat a variety of foods."" China Panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo or Australia's Koala bears, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively."" These animals are different from pythons because snakes will eat almost any thing, including alligator.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15202.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,tRNA transports proteins to the nucleusmRNA carries genetic information,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5613.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"pandas and koalas are similer in that they are both specialists and require very specific food sources like bamboo and eucalysts leaves (achenbach 2). They are both diffrent from pythons in that pythons have a universal and adaptable diet, unlike the panda and koala whos diet limit its movement, it can adopt and live manny places. It is a generalist.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 2829.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"(A) Plastic type B is the stretchable plastic than type A, C, and D. ^P (B) Two ways the student could have improved the experiment is to make sure that each piece of tape is the same length because it may affect the stretchability of the plastic. Another way to improve the experiment is to add the same amount of weight to each plastic type because it may affect the amount stretched.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26969.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,black :: it wont be as hot,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5414.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"China's panda eats bamboo and almost nothing else. Australia's koala exclusively eats eucalyptus leaves. They are both different from the python because they are are carnivores and the koala and panda are herbivores. Also, people keep pythons as pets but pandas and koalas are not. In the text it says pythons are generalists, and koalas and pandas are specialists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 12325.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,They go through transcription. The dna splits into to so it unwinds its self and splits. Now its mRNA and it has to split to fit through the passage way out of the nucleus. Then it foes down into the ribosomes. Here it uses translation and copies itsleft into dna again and makes protines. The mRNA carries intructions for DNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21316.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The effect the information has on Paul is that he is just like Mr. Leonard. He relizes that Mr. Leonard is trying to help him be the best he can be. He relizes that he can over come his reading problem and can learn to read just like he has learned to do the hurtles.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 27432.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,2.0,"dark gray :: If Brandi and Jerry colored the doghouse white, it would not asorb the heatness like the color black. Therefore, it would feel more comfortable for the dog when it is hot outside. The reason why black was to asorb heat, because in the data table it had higher degree then white, which had a lowest degree in temperature.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 18084.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She is very rude because she interupts everyone else. When she asked if her sister was alright she just interupts her and tells Anna what happend to her instead of letting Anna finish what she was going to say.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23176.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"He starts it off with a question, that will get you intrested. Then he gets more serious, and explains the history behind. Then the the harmfulness, and then the statistics, and what could happen.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 10969.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The mRNA first gets on an electron transport chain.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23123.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The author organizes this article into different sections including 'What Is Space Junk' and 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal.' Another way the author organizes this article is into different paragraphs.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26874.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: because when is sunny the inside the doghouse is going to be so hot,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14323.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Osmosis is the movement with water.Diffusion transports materials through the memebrane.Facilitated diffusion,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6126.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"China's panda and Australia's koalas are similar because they both are picky eaters. Koalas eat pretty much only eucalyptus leaves and pandas eat bamboo. These two differ from pythons becuse pythons will eat any kind of meat or animals. They eat rats, mice, beck one try'd to eat a crocodile.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8647.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The significant of the word invasive is that they're not supposed to be there the pythons in the Everglades are not meant to be there and they will probably damage the environment there.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21618.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Mr. Leonard was a great athelete but not a good student. He wanted to give Paul a challenge to overcome to prove to him nothing is impossible.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14982.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,THE CELLS TRAVEL TO THE RNA AND SENDS A MESSAGE TO THE MRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8168.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The word ""invasive"" implies that an animal's species is invading a certain area or range. I think they use that word in order to show the negative effects of that species and to show the bad side of this issue so people see this as a serious issue.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 10994.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1) mRNA leaves the nucleus on a DNA strand.2) Ribosomes produce proteins.3) Ribosomes then carry the proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.4) There the proteins are synthesized.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26686.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: I would choose white because, white does not absorb a lot of light so there for, when iit is hot outside your dog will not get to hot inside of its doghouse. I choose the color white because in the experiment it shows that the average temperature for the white lid was 42 and for the Black lid it was 53. that is an 11(DEG)c difference between the two colors. So for a dog house I highly considered it being w hite.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6203.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because panda eat almost nothing but bamboo and koala bear; which eat eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively bamboo and leaves some from trees. They are different from pythons eat mean in 2005: A pythons swallowed an alligator.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21241.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"After Mr. Leonard tells Paul about the past, the expressions on his face seem all too real and familiar to Paul. He then feels that Mr. Leonard has given his time to help him, so he does the same for Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14739.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Protien channel lets materials in and out.Receptor protiens are like name tags.Recognition protiens determine when there is an intruder,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1484.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"You would need to know how much of each substance was used in order to replicate the experiment. You would also need to know how much vinegar should be put into the samples because if you use different amounts then the result may not be the same as the original. Thirdly, how large each container should be because if the containers are too small some of the samples may leak out and ruin the results for the acid rain lab.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15167.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Through regeritationThrough blood flow Through urination,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11955.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,One major step is having an enough RNA.Step two is having an enough DNAStep Three is to proctect the nuleusStep Four is to get of any virus,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11498.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Breaks down nutrients.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5788.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"China's panda and Australia's koala are similar because they are both bears, they both are specialist, and they both focus on eating one food' panda's is bamboo, as koala's is eucalyptus. The panda bear and koala bear both differs from the cobra because the cobra's a generalist as the panda bear and koala bear is not.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 12716.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,mRNA goes through the golgi apparadus then through the endoplasmic reticulum then into out the cell membrane,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15415.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane include the flagella, cell wall, and cytoplasm. The flagella is a tail like attachment of a cell that allows the cell to move around. The cell wall protects the cell and allows only specific particles in and out of it. The cytoplasm is picky, and only allows certain materials to pass through it as well.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8851.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" mean the way something act. However, biologist say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8675.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"So this story the word ""invasive"" meant they are ""unchecked by natural predators, and are major threat to biodiversity."" They meant that they are really dangerous for the environment and would really affect the population of the species they eat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11060.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,The nucleuas sends out the mRNA to the ER and then it goes to the rRna and tells the ribosomes what to do. After that then it goes to tRNA and the proteins are produced.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11354.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The next step after the mRNA is the tRNA and that is the transer DNA. That holds the message that the DNA gave the mRNA. After that is when the membrane get the information. After that is when the body responds to that.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5899.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because according to the article paragraph 21-23 it explains how pandas only eats bamboo, and koala bear eats eucalyptus they leaves almost exclusively. They are both different from the pythons because according to paragraph 11-13 they said that ""pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the everglades; they eat anything and they get used to the environment. That is why panda and koala are extinct.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 435.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,They should have said how much of each sample they put in each containor.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 1384.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"Additional information that should be added and to be started with is a breif introduction of the experiment and the purpose of it. What kinds of mass, should be added in so that can cause confusion. The way I know , what were tha masses was the students data that was recorded. The procedure should also state exactly what neeeds to be recorded like starting and ending mass and the difference in mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 18176.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,she is lonely,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15749.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,use there tails to whip around and transfer information.they stretch out and find something closest to them.connect together and form one cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14113.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"When molecules are added to a cell, they grow wider. This process is called hypotonic. When molecules leave the cell, this is called hypertonic. And when molecules pass through a barrier in the cell, this is called osmosis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9583.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The idea behind invasive is that reptiles are leaving a harmful work on earth. The says they, ""are major threats to biodiversity."" Even though some people as though they are harmless, there is still a notion of invasive as the article points out. The rest of the article is giving the idea that reptiles are taking over.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8363.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"invasive is very significant to the rest of the article because it describes reptiles as how people see them. Many people don't even like to see them in nature because they think they're very dangerous. Even people who own reptiles as pets have a chip inserted in them if they ever escape their home, not for the pets safety, but for the safety of others.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8498.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The word invasive is significane to the article because macinnes dosnt think that there invasive and the government is just passing judgement on the reptiles.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 15028.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Cell respiration, cell movement, and cellular activation",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1036.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,The information you need in order to replicate this experiment is how much of each sample you are putting into the containers. Maybe you should also state what the containers you are using look like.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15310.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,THE CELL MEMBRANE IS THE REPRODUCION BECAUSE THIS CELL ES MOVEMEN,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21385.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Paul was a great athlete but he cound not read. Paul didnt know who Mr. Leonard was and Mr. Leonard liked that because he was embarresed of not being able to read. when he did find out paul didnt care until he started coaching him and helping him with his sport.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 17044.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose feels grateful after talking to her Aunt Kolab. Her aunt tells her that she will try to do something to make her load easier. After she says that Rose said that that her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5277.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to Koalas in Australia due to the fact they are specialist. Which means they favor stability. The difference between them & the pythons is pythons are generalist that can adjust to change & in our changing World, They can do best in & around humans which koalas & pandas can't based on their classification.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11598.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,--mRna sends messages out to specific places in the body to obtain materials that are needed for protein synthesis--tRna transfers important information to the nucleus to code for amino acid assembly--rRna begins the proteins needed for ribosomal construction--pRna makes specific proteins and other materials that are needed for protein synthesis.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20734.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,The information he finds about Mr. Leonard effects him alot because he relizes how much they are alike to eachother. They both have reading disabilities and he is trying to help him to get over that and not to affect him. Mr. Leonard gets him on the track and trains him because that is what he used to do and he wants to pass it on.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 27082.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,1.0,white :: If brandi and jerry use the color white for t he dog house the dog will not over heat because the color white does not attract the heat as much as the darker colors so the dog house would be m uch cooler.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 335.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"I would still want to know what they were doing this experiment, how large were the samples and what was used to measure the work samples.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3831.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,1.0,A. It seems that in 11 the most ductile polymes is plastic type B at 22cm. For 12 it is again plastic type B at 33cm. So it seems type B polymes is the ductule polymes. ^p ^p B. To better enhance the results of the polymer expirement then shouldue incuid the length of tht polymes unstreched.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21543.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,The effect of the background information has a very good effect in paul it makes him try to be a better person,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14173.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cells control the movement of substances across the cell membrane because they control the blodd flow.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 4034.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a) Based on the students data I've concluded that plastic B was the stretched plastic. ^p b) The student could have improved the design by adding a control group, and adding more trials.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23408.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The auther organizes the article by beginning with an exciting introduction, then explain whats he talking about, then by stating negative facts, then bye closing it with interesting facts.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 8653.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" means a number of species Forming together. According to the article. ""nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in everglades."" In other words the word invasive is telling us readers that these species are in the everglades more than before.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8295.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" is that it suggests this ever growing population is not a welcome change, due to the fact that it may effect biodiversity. The author takes a standing on the term invasive and considers it to be ""unfair"" and ""passing judgement"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 5000.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The China's panda and Australia's koalas are similar because are specialist so can subsist with hurmn stwond and they are different of pythons because are generalist so can subsit many place but the specialist not can only at a determinate place.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21606.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Paul believes that if he tries hard enough he will be able to read and find a sport that he can do. He will be able to go to college and become a professional track star runner.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5047.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas i Australia because, they both eat leaves. In the article says that ""China's panda which eats nothing but bamboo"" or ""Australia's koala bear which eats eucalyptus leaves leaves almost exclusively"" Pythons are very different from pandas and koalas because pythons eat animals and pandas and koalas eat leaves for example the python ""swallow a alligator.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9762.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,The word invasive is significant to the rest of the article because some claim that breaking the natural barriers allows animals to invade new enviroments and bring native animals to extinction. They think its a major threat to the food chain and to biodiversity.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11732.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,One step involves the golgi apparatus in which it helps carry proteins.Another step uses the ER which helps get rid of unwanted or wasted material involving the proteins.Lysosomes also help break down things that can help with protein synthesis.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20921.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,The background information helped paul see why its important to try in school. It also got him motivated to want to go in track.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11400.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,1.0,"Once the mRNA leaves the nucleus it has begins to go through transcription that occurs in the cytoplasm. In transcription parts of the protein will be broken into chains so it cna be matched up later. After, it will go through translation where the mRNA is translated into a polypeptide.The mRNA will match up with one of the single stranded RNA to make a new string of DNA.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1072.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In the procedures the group should have told wat the 4 different samples where, also could add a control for this experiment. They also should have determined and shown how much vinegar was being added.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14979.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Flaggelum is used to move. Also in mRNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14771.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"One process used by cells to control the movement of substances is Mitosis, which splits the cells. Another process is Miosis which splits the cells again, and the third process used by cells is Mutation.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 4960.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they only eat one thing. Pandas eat bamboo and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. Pythons on the other are completely different because they have a large variety of what they eat. In 2005, a python swallowed an alligator, and later the python itself blew up.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21074.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"By finding information about Mr. Leonard on the internet, It gave Paul the motivation to help Mr. leonard just like Mr. leonard had helped Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15684.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Everything that leavess or enters the cell goes through pore membranes.Photosynthesis helps give nutrients to plants by absorbing light and carbon dioxide and makes sugar for the plant.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27078.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Blacks paint color would cause the inside of the doghouse to be warmer than the rest of the colors. This is because bl ack absorbs the most amount oi\f colors over every other color. To prove this in Brandi and Jerry's experiment black kept the temperature of the j ar warmer than all the rest. It was 6(DEG)C warmer than gray, 10(DEG)C warmer than light gray, and 12 (DEG)warmer than white. This clearly show s that black would keep the doghouse warm.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11749.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,RnarRnatRnagRna,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18751.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"I think that Rose stands her grounds. She is very real about what she says and I think she really means it. She also has her own opinion on things, but she is very caring and I think she really loves her sister.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27517.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,dark gray :: this color would allow the house to collect s ome heat without it being to hot. Since gray is lighter then black but no t to light.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8445.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" means that its different, unique in the way it is. In the article it states""even the term"" invasive species is unfair, he said, ""they're introduced. 'I think that 'invasive' is passing judgement"". They're many animals that can be invasive species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21742.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,The information on Mr. Leonard is about his records in collage and how he failed in collage and so Mr. Leonard wanted to help Paul; so now Mr. Leonard is training Pual to run in track and feald.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3978.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Based on the students data, plastic type D has the most sretchability. To validate the results, the students could have done a third trial and averaged the three lengths for each plastic. They could have also specified how much weight was added and keep that consistane.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23866.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"First it explains about the topic 'Space Junk,' then provides evidence that convinces the reader that its dangerous, and then explains the importance of it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3516.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Based on the student's data, it's safe to say that plastic sample A was the strongest. You can see this because in the chart the plastic was the smallest. One thing the student could've improved was if all the plastic samples were the same size. This way all the pieces of plastic have the same starting point. Another thing the studend could change is taking two samples of each plastic so you weren't testing the same sample twice.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 21528.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"The reader recieves background information about Mr. Leonard throughout the story. The reader knows that Mr. Leonard is the hall monitor and keeps the kids moving, shows an interest in students who struggle with school, and used to be a track star. By being a hall monitor, Mr. Leonard is used to telling kids where to go and what to do. The kids in return are used to obeying him. That's why Paul never quit when Mr. Leonard made him do more work because he had been 'conditioned by hearing those words every day.' Mr. Leonard is empathetic towards Paul because he knows what it feels like to not do well in school. He even admits to Paul the he 'lost my scholarship and flunked out' All of these examples give background information on Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14458.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,"Diffusion, which is the movement of particles from an area of higher conentration to an area of lower concentration.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11046.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",2.0,2.0,"After the mRNA leaves the nucleus, it takes the information needed to make a protein to the ribosome. After that the ribosme reads the mRNA code. Then the complimentary tRNA, with its specific amino acid comes in and attatches itself with the mRNA strand. Peptide bonds are put inbetween the amino acids and it folds up in a certain way to make a protein.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11830.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",3.0,3.0,"After the the mRNA leaves the cells nuclaer envolope throught the pores in the envolope the m RNA seeks out a ribosome ( an organelle that synthisize protien based on the codons it get for the messenge RNA) to synthisize the proteins it has codons for. After the mRNA finds a ribosome to synthisize the proteins it attaches on to the ribosome for it to read the codon sequance it contians. A codone is a sequence of three molacuole of nueclear acid that when read stand for one amino acid ( Amino Acid- the building blocks for proteins) As the ribosomes read the codon sequence, the ribosome calls tRNA to retrive the amino acids it need to create a protien chain. After a protein chain has been made the mRNA has no more use and it desolves back into the cytoplasm. After the protien chain has been fully synthisied it get sent to the rought endoplasmic reticulum to have final touches added to it. After all the final touches are added to the protein chain, it is then sent to the golgi apparatus to be prepare to be shipped out to another part of the body. After the golgi apparatus has prepared the protein chain to be shipped out it is then sent to the cell membrance to exit through a protein channal. After the protein has exited the cell it is shiped off else where in the body to be used",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23138.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes this story by letting one fact or topic lead to the next topic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15218.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,One way you can transfer substances through a cell is by the use of water or otherwise known as Osmosis. A second way you could transfer substances is by transfering enzymes through the cell membrane. A third way substances get transfered through the cell membrane is using mRNA to transfer proteins through the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21627.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul is shocked that Mr. Leonard didn't tell him that he broke all the records he did, and that he won the 400 meter hurdles at nationals when he was only a freshman. Paul also realizes that Mr. Leonard had been trying to help him because he too, was good at something, but couldn't do it because he didn't get good enough grades, because he couldn't read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24328.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author has organized this article by asking questions or stating a subtitle for the next paragraph to answer. One subtitle is named 'Crash Course', the paragraph then explains how the crash coarse in made and how it is dangerous.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 10973.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"messenger RNA collect the protein particals inside the nucleus of the cell the the transport RNA comes by to collect those prteins in that cell and takes them to anothe rcell in the body so that, that part of the body can absorb those protein and use tem in the function of protein sythesis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8856.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article is that it means most animals are becoming extinct because of the snakes that have been lose. The snakes are eating most of the animals.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 614.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate the experiment, the procedure needs to include how much vinegar is going to be poured in the containers, how much water you rinse the containers with, where it is being dried and how to measure the mass (grams, dounds,etc.)",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14186.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The cells membrane only allows certain objects to enter the cell.They also use the nuclei to help kind of filter what goes across and into the cell. The other things they use is a cell wall, of course only in plant cells.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14977.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,they processes by cells central movement. They can move by a roddili (spiral).They can process or control their movement by flagella.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 15127.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cell wal the cell membrean,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3300.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"After looking at the data, it showed that plastic type B stretched the most at 22 mm(T1) and 23 mm(T2). Two ways the experiment could have been improved could be to tell us the types of plastics and their starting lengths. Also, to specify the amount of weight thats put or in step four.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26015.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,white :: it will afect the dog house by the temp in si de becaes the wight atracks less height,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21345.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul received information about Mr. Leonard he was shocked. He did not know that he was a record breaking track runner, or that he did not finish track and for that matter collage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24352.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,The author organizes this piece very well do to the fact that everything is titled and is in there own little section. For example when they talk about the debres crashing into things they placed that in the crash course section of the piece.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5084.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia need to live there. They need to stay there because of their change and food. Im not sure if bamboo or eucalyptus leaves are grown anywhere else. They wouldn't survive anywhere else unlike pythons.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20300.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,Paul is not a very good reader. He was placed in a learning cneter to help him learn to read. When Paul first meets Mr. Leonard he thinks nothing of it. one day Mr. Leonard takes Paul out to the track. Paul becomes very good at doing hurdles.Not too long after Paul comes to know that Mr. leonard was exactly like him and that with help he can lead a better life.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 15424.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,CELLS USE THE CELL MEMBRAIN TO MOVE AND SOME CELLS USE THERE FLUGELAM TO SEM AND USE IT TO SWIM,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11677.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The process of protien synthesis invovles four steps, including phase 1,meiosis, phase 2, and mitosis. This causes many changes within the cell.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1666.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,You would need to know what to make the four samples out of how much vinegar to add. How much sample to add into each solution. In order to replicate this experiment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3298.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a) Plastic type B stretched the most in both T1 and T2. ^p b) The students could have improved by stretching it differently, in different ways, that way you can see better, as to which B stretches the best. Another way it could have improved would be by it saying to do things in the same place with the same measurements.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1153.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,1.0,Clearly this group procedure is not clear. They ask you to determine the mass of four different samples. They did not state which samples. They also did not state what unit of mass to use when weighing the objects. Without that I cannot be sure if my data will be reliable.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 4037.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,Overall plastic A is the most durable. Plastic B was the weakest in both tests. They could have improved their experiment by having there trials for more data. They could have added more weight in the second trial.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 20964.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Mr. Leonard was in the same situation that Paul was in. He is unable to read but is a good at running track. It effects paul by making him want to help Mr. Leonard to read which is at the end of the story.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 22969.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author breaks the article up into smaller sections. By doing this I believe it makes the article more effective and easier to read. It starts out by giving an introduction as to what the main idea of the article is going to be about and then goes farther into details. In the details it gives us actual examples of the 'space junk' crashing into one another and making hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. Then it gives us an example of how we my think a little tool box is no big deal, but then it explains how it really is a big deal. Then it concludes by trying to make us think of ways that space junk could be cleaned up in the future. I believe by organizing it this way it leads to a more effective and more interesting article.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23621.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,The author tells the readers that sometimes the human race are polloting the space with garbage and other junk.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 950.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,In the information they talk about all the procedures that the students did on there experiment. The students listed everything but they didn't give us the time they started. So you will know when to start the 24 hours. So you can drain them and let them come out.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 23960.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"They list the sections in order of importance. To begin, after they have the reader's attention from their introduction, they explain what exactly causes the problem that they will later define. Next, they use the section 'Crash Course' to show that this isn't just a rare occurence that we will never really have to worry about, but that it is a very problematic situation that we must prepare for. Finally, they show that as satellites colide and are smashed into smaller bits, they become even more dangerous because there is a higher chance of them colliding because of their great numbers.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 440.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"This group is lacking a control group in their procedure. Also, they should have been more specific as to the size of the identical containers. Next, the group should have carilified what 4 kind of samples were needed in step 1.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15243.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,1. OSMOSIS- THE MOVEMENT OF WATER IN AND OUT OF CELLS2. DIFUSSION- THE MOVEMENT OF PARTICLES ON AND OUT OF CELLS3. THOUGH PROTEINS,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1088.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,3.0,"You would need to indicate what types of materials are beeing used in the experiment. You would need to know how much vinegar is beeing used. You would need to know how long to rinse the samples for, as well as the amount of distilled water beeing used to rinse them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3810.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"(A) The polymer experiment looks it went very well. Each plastics amount that was stretched was all around the same number for both trials. Two types of plastics increased after the first trial one type of stay the same amount, and one type of plastic decreased after the first trial. ^p (B) I don't think the student needs any thing to improve this experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23802.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The article is organized in a chronological way. The 'lifespan' of debris, so to say. The author talks about how satellites are freely moving about the earths orbit, and will soon enough crash into one another. This creates hundreds of microsatellites, otherwise known as debris. These debris are flying over 20,000 miles per hour, and present a serious risk for anything that comes into contact with it's path of travel. The author then concludes with a sort of 'look to the future' with commercial space programs, which will only worsen the space pollution issue.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 6598.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Panda's in China and koalas in Australia are very similar for one reason, while they are both different from pythons for the same reason. The article explains,(..) China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo or Australia's koala bear, which eat eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively"". This quote shows China panda's and Australia's koala bears are similar because they mostly eat one thing. This makes them different from the python because the python eats a wide range of thins.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 3789.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,2.0,"According to the data given, plastic type B had more stretchability than plastic type A. However, the students should have stated the four types of plastics they used. Also, they should have kept the measure of plastic samples consistant.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11378.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,RNA-DNA- Protein-trait,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 24020.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes this article in different sections so the reader can know what the section is about.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 219.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate this experiment, i would need to know how much vinegar to put in each of the containers, how ling to rinse each sample and with how much distilled water. I think you would need to know these things because all three could affect the ending mass, therefore ruining the experiment. Also i would want to have a control group in my experiment to see if it was really the vinegar affecting the mass. So i would our water in 4 different containers and do the same thing.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 24200.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,The author organizes the article by first introducing the topic and that it poses a threat. The author then goes on to give background information about how alot of the debris gets into orbit. In the next section section the author describes what happens to the debris when it is outer space and how it can pose major problems. Finally the author explains the threat of the debris to humans and what is being done to counteract the space pollution.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17811.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is understanding about everything. 'We have our part to do to help Paul finsh college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6026.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and Koalas in Australia are both specialists. They each eat only one type of specialized food that is suited just for them. These animals are different from pythons, which are generalists, because pythons can live in a lot of places they are an example of a ""species that (has) become most abundant (because) they do best in and around humans."" Humans have helped pythons flourish.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15420.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Meiosis/Mitosis- The cell divides into two.Viscosity- Where water flows on the substance.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11200.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"development, compounding, formation, distribution",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5737.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,In China pandas are similar to koalas in Australia because they both eat very little. They are both different from pythons because they eat a lot.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17068.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"She is a very busy person and doesnt have very much time for what she wants to do, and to be with her family. For example, this essay states how she barely has time for her writhing asignment 'When would she squeeze in a flawledd three-thousand-word essay?'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14674.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the membrane are: the cytoplasm slowing the substances and acting like a jello to control the movement, endoplasmic reticulum, and the golgi apparatus.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14100.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,they help them movethe are a celll in a membraneand they control the movement of substances.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14312.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,cellular respiration- The respiration of cells.cell division- the dividing of cells.cell frequencies- frequency of cells.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23559.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author seperates this article into 4 sections. The first section is the introduction, where the author provides a brief explanation of space junk. In the introduction, the author states that space junk is a great concern to government space agencies. The next section is 'What is Space Junk?'. This section informs the reader on how the debris gets into space and what exactly space junk is. The next section is titled 'Crash Course'. This section provides the reader with examples of satellites or debris crashing into each other at great speed. The text describes a satellite crash that occured in February 2009. Finally, the last section is 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal'. This section informs the reader that space junk is a serious problem that needs to be addressed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 64.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"Some additional information i would need is how they found the mass and what type of instrument was being used. Also when they say place a sample of the material, how much of each type am i going to need.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26608.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: white paint color because that way the dog wo nt be hot instead it would be cool,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 2802.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,2.0,"Based on the students data, it looks like all 4 types of plastic stretched at least 10mm. The most amount stretched was 22mm for plastic type B then 20mm for D, 14 mm for c and 10mm for A. ^p To make the experiment more valid the student could perform more trials maybe using a different type of clamp or other weights to test the plastic's flexibility.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14272.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,"Osmosis is when water passes through a barrier, which is selectively permeable in the case of a cell. Diffusion is when the cell tries to reach equilibrium by choosing what enters the cell. Homeostasis is when an organism is in equilibrium with the environment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1478.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"So far in the procedure they tell you into determine the mass of samples pour vinegar into each cup. Let silt for 24 hours, take samples sit and dry them. You would then received the ending mass and subtract the difference.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6260.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The pandas in China are similar to the koalas in Australia, because they eat not that much. The pandas eat bamboo and koala eat eucalyptus leaves. They are animals that feed on trees.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8813.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The word invasive carries negative connotation. As the article said,"" introduced"" may be a word better for it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 10988.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Protein synthesis is needed in your body because of the proteins. The four major steps are when it occurs in the body and when your body uses the protien.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23915.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,He first tries grabbing your attention and draws you in with a personal anecdote then talks about the orbital pathaways. Then he talks about space and the history of space and material used to examine space.The author goes on talking about other stuff but he makes subtitles throughout the essay to organize his essay.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17270.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose doesn't depend on herself. She always looks down on the situation.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 12158.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA goes to the DNA and makes a copy of the DNA. The mRNA then gives the information to the tRNA which delivers the information to the rRNA. The rRNA then makes the protiens in the ribose of the cell creating new protien.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23026.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,"The author first grabs our attention with phrases that include exclamation points. As he moves to the body of the article we are informed of what space junk is and how it has gotten to where it is. The author then tells of how dangerous this space debris is to spaceships as well as the orbital paths of other things out in space. He tells that although space junk may be small in size, it has huge consequences in the end.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24735.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,"He first explains what is beyond the Earth's atmospere and how it got there, then explains that the things that are beyond the Earth's atmospere do break and become an issue, after that he explains how they have a big effect on things.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5660.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Australian koalas and Chinese pandas seem a world apart. But in their defining characteristics, they are very similar. A koala, ""eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively"" and the panda, ""eats almost nothing but bamboo"". Both species are specialists- they have adapted to certain conditions & havea hard time with change. By contrast, the python is a generalist. It can live in a huge range of areas & snack on everything from ""wood rats"" to alligator, though the latter sometimes make them explode. Change as goes on now, favors the generalist.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14126.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Umm...convection currents. And,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20419.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,The background information gives Paul a sense of connection with Mr. Leonard. This connection rises from the fact that they both struggle with reading. Mr. Leonard became interested in him because he discovered that Paul had to take special classes to improve his reading while Mr. Leonard never got that help. After Paul joined the track team and found why Mr. Leonard stopped running track he found a way he could repay Mr. Leonard for training him in hurdles by 'training' him in how to read well. The ending creates a good give-take relationship.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 13963.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The membrane recognizes and lets needed protiens go into the cell.Osmosis is a way they keep the liquid in the cell equal to the liquid outside of the cell.Plants use a cell wall to protect the cell and keep out big things and let the little things in.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 2810.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,2.0,The question in this experiment is how many weights did it take take for the plastic to inicate while measuring. The conclusion was that T2 was more of a success. One way the student could have improved was explaing how heavy each weight was and how best you should add each weight to the clamp. Another way they could've improved was using the exact type of plastic with the same measurements.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18315.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose is sincere in what she does and she seems willing to help out in whatever situation.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26783.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: The color white may affect the dog house beca use during the summer it may reach high temperatures and the color white refflects the sun. Making the dog house less hot.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 2847.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"If the students test out the four different plastic stretchability then add weights to the clamps on the bottom of the plastic and wait 5 minutes, they will come to the conclution that plastic that plastic B is the most stretchable plastic B's results the first time was 22 $ the second time 23. The second most stretchable is plastic D which was 20 then 20. So in closing the students found if they put weights on the 4 different type of plastic and wait 5 minutes then repeat that, plastic B is the most stretchable.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 71.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"What you would need is the imformation on how much vinegar is added to every sample. For example, one sample can be in a different amount of vinegar. So that can throw their ending masses off.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20021.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"he is surprised that Mr. Leonard flunked out of college. He was suspicious, so he decide to ask Mr. Leonard. When he did, he found out that Mr. Leonard couldn't read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11081.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1-Looses the nucleus,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3674.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"A conclusion that can be reached based on the student's data would be that the best plastic type to use to prevent breakage of a bag would be type D. It was not stretched at all when the weights were added. One way to improve the validity of this experiment would be to conduct more trials, and the average not the results. This would ensure which plastic is the strongest. Another way to improve validity would be to specify the weight used and know it as a control for each plastic type. These two things must be done to ensure validity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3533.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"A. Based on the data table the polymer plastic with the most stretchability is plastic type B because it was stretched out the furthest, then the next most stretchy was D, then C, then the least was A. ^p B. Two ways to improve the experimental design or validity of the results are, be more specific; how much weight is being added to the plastics and for T2 I believe that a different amount of weight should be added to the plastic types.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14081.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Diffusion of a substance with in a cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21035.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul learns of Mr. Leonard's past, he becomes sympathetic towards Mr. Leonard's reading difficulties, which Paul also has. This sympathy is expressed when Paul tells Mr. Leonard that: 'It's time to start [his] training.' This meaning that Paul is trying to help Mr. Leonard overcome his problems.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 14427.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Three processes used by cells to control substance movement are:Nucleus- tells the cell what to do.Ribosomes- transports proteins across the cell.Endoplasmic reticulum- carries ribosomes through the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3615.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,0.0,Two ways that the students could have improved the expirement design or validity of the results is by increasing the amount of times they stretched the plastic and the plastic type could get changed.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 12345.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"It protects, strengthens, distributes, and stores proteins to make them more effective and last longer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 9448.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive is like invesion as they like spreading all over the U.S.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 9577.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The significance of the word invasive is that that's an unfair term. Invasive is passing judgment introduced would be a better term because invasive is very harsh and introduced explains it better.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 773.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,To replicate that experiment you would need to know what the names are of what your weighting. The students also need to include how much vinegar to pour at each of the samples being tested. The final thing would be that the whole procedure needs to be more thorough and more organised with no missing steps or information.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15709.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cytoplasm helps regulate what comes in and outThe cell wall controls what leaves and comes inRibosomes carry proteins throughout the cell,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12438.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,STEP 1 : THE FIRST STEP IS THE BODIE GOES DIFFUSION THEN THE BODIE GETS RID OF THE EXTRA STRAND THEN I NEW STRAND UNZIPS THEN TURNS INTO A GOLDGI BODIE,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17155.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose's conversations with her Aunt Kolab shows that she is a caring person. When her aunt asks her if she feels weighed down because of her responsibilities, Rose is hesitant to answer because she does not want to upset her aunt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6352.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both eat mainly one food source, and have little access invading areas that are not their native areas. they are specialists. They are both different from python because pythons are generalists that can live in a wide climate range. I know this because in paragraph 19 it says "" a generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white tailed dear.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23749.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author seperates each topic and it all appears very organized. Even when you read it, it all flows together and works good as an article. Also, the author keeps the information seperated, and doesn't repeat the same things over and over again.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27167.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: If Brandi and Jerry paint the doghouse white, than the inside of the doghouse will stay cooler than if they painted it black or gray. The average temperature for white was 42(DEG) C, while t he average temperature for black was 53(DEG) C. The difference of the tw o was 11(DEG) C, so this proves that white would be the best color to ch oose.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15283.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Most cells have a cell wall to controll what goes in and out of the cell membrane. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the blood stream. White blood cells fight off diseases.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8302.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The word invasive in the article shows pythons invading in a area where they shouldn't be. It tells how the invasive animals are destroying native populations and hurting the animals around them.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12028.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus.The Proccess starts.Protein is divided.The Proccess is ended.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1373.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"After reading the group's procedure, in order to replicate this experiment it must include what types of samples you need., how much vinegar to use, and you need a control to compare the results. A control for this experiment would be to have the four samples sit in water and find the starting and ending mass. The procedure should also include the use of a balance for determining the mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27358.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,0.0,:: its depends on were they live if its a hot pl ace then a white dog house but if its a cold place then a black dog house to make the doghouse a little warmer and in the middle if its a mixture.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12575.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Protien synthesis has four major steps, mRNA, moves the protein, tRNA allows for the protein th tanscribe, rRNA creates the DNA in the RNA, gRNA moves it into the cell",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20374.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Pauls track coach asked who helped him learn and get so good at hurdles. When Paul told him Mr. Leonard the coach gives him an URL and has Paul look it up on his computer.Paul finds out that Mr. Leonard was the guy who broke the records. He also found out about how he couldnt read and fluncked out of collage.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 260.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"The additional information that would be needed in order to replicate the experiment the number of trials they did in order to do the experiment, the amount of vinegar to put in the containers, the different samples they used (needs to be stated in procedures), and the amount of the sample placed in the container.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 305.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"The additional information that I need in order to replicate the experiment is the names of the specific 4 different samples. I also need to know how much vinegar is needed. Furthermore, I need to know the amount of each sample needed. Finally, this procedure does not explain how to determine the mass of each sample.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 18679.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is selfish. In the story when Rose and Anna were talking Rose was saying how there Papa was away in Las Angelas for 4 months but she really didn't care cause the job payed better. Anna got upset and said money wasn't everything to her.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17331.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is heart felt girl who cannot let the past go due to some excructiating experiences as a young girl. Rose has re-occurring dreams about things of her brother. An example would be she has a vision of her brother recieving his diploma and she also has a dream of her brother jumping from a boulder and sinking down upon herself as if he was made of stone.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 86.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"To replicate this experiment one must know information that is not given by the procedure. First, we must know how much vinegar to put into the containers, enough to cover them? Next, we need to know how the vinegar will affect the material. Will we completely submerge it or only partially? Finally, we need to know which materials to use. The data indicates them, but the procedure does not.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27238.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: If the color is a dark color then the tempera ture will increase more than if the color is a lighter shade. White was t he color that affected the temperature the least in the experiment and th at would be the best color for the doghouse's temperature.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11431.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Anaphase Prophase Interphase Metaphase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21471.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,That Mr.leonard cant read just like paul and Mr.leonard was a runner so he teaches paul to run like he did when he was in school.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5812.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalasin Australia are similar because there is a low popabitial of both and they eat very specific types of food. But a python is diffent. A python eats almost anything. As the artical said, even alligaters.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21288.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The effect is that Paul realizes that he is going ot be just like Mr. Leonard. Who cant read and flunks out of college, but amazing at track and had scholarships. So Paul says 'C'mon, Mr. Leonard,' I said, walking back toward school. 'It's time to start your training.' This is said to Mr. Leonard to return the favor, andfor Paul realizing how much help Mr. Leonard has done for him.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24015.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,"First the author introduces the topic in a light heearted fashion. Then, as the article progresses, the author talks about past events that are crutial to know in order to under stand what 'space junk,' is. After that, the author tells the reader more about satellites, and how serious the debris orbitting in space is. THe author starts off less serious, and finishes on a very serious note.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27441.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: black would be the best because it keeps the inside of the dog house the warmest and would keep the dog warm and not cold,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11237.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"After mRNA leaves the nucleus, it pairs up with another strand comtaining the opposite nucleotides. This DNA strand, considered tRNA then attaches to a protein to code for an amino acid. The amino acid stays attached to the protein.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14308.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,THIS IS MOVIENT CONTROL AND BY CALL ACROSS.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 24185.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by headlines. He uses the headlines 'What is Space Junk, Crash Course, and Little Bits, But a Big Deal' to seperate information.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20743.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,It reminds him of himself and makes him think he will turn out just like Mr. Leonard. Mr. Leonard couldn't read and flunked out of college and since Paul can't read either he probably thinks that he will end up doing the same and flunking out of college.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6173.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas have alot more in common that meets the eye. They are both specialists, AKA animals with a selective/exclusive diet. Pythons are diffrent. They are more like people in they way that they will eat anything that comes across there path.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17466.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is a hard working lady, that wants to do good things for herself.She is wanting to write this three thousand word essay, but cant fit it into her schedule. She wants to become a winner.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 24387.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes this article by naming off sections. The author describes in each section what the question is asked in the title of that particular section. The author describes the harmful things and describes what they can do.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 14255.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,transport of substances across the cell membrane diffusionwhich is the process of moving matter and materials from one end to the other.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3120.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"A) Pased on the results plastic B is the most stretchy and A is the least. The order is from most shotely to least B D C A. ^p b) The student could of improved experimental design by being more specific. He could change ""Bottom edge"" in step 3 to ""Edge of the side of the table."" Additionally he could give us the weight of the clamp weights.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26671.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: if they painted the doghouse black, then it w ill be hotter inside the doghouse because the darker the color the more heat it will absorb. example: the black lid created the hottest air temperature in the jar.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14154.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The first process is miosis.The second is,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21367.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"Paul was shock to discover that his caoch, was the best runner in college his freshman year. Paul didnt know the reason why he didnt know about Mr. Leonard achievement. When paul discovered what happen he was sad. Now paul wants to read more so he can be better and become just like Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 9321.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Well in the article it states that one man's pet, another's Invasive Species."" I'm guessing the word invassive means a reptile, animals that many people don't have.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23204.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,he satrd wit sapce and te satilies and how thay work.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3238.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,0.0,The plastic that were being stretched all come out to a different length. On the second trial of stretching the some plastics someway the numbers would forely the some give or take a few. The student could have improved the experiment by leaving the plastic to stretch larger and see if there is a different result. Also the student doesn't know if each type of plastic is the exact same so the strength could have varied and changed the whole experiment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 4942.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they both eat food from nature, for example pandas eat bamboo, and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. The difference between the two koala and panda from a python is the different environments they live in . For example, the pythons lives along the canals of Cape Coral, pandas and koalas live near forest",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27212.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,0.0,light gray :: Light gray because the dog will probably want to be cool and not hot.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17670.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is a lonely person, 'Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears'.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21631.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,1.0,he thought more of Mr. Leonard.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8477.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive is significant to the article because the pythons are getting into the wild and over-populating. They are also becoming an invasive species due to the fact that they adapt well to new environments.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 9477.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive in this article means that a generalist species take over a habitat. They can kill of native species that are there, and decrease biodiversity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3066.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,2.0,"Plastic type be was the most stretchable. Stretching on average of 22.5mm and plastic type A was the least stretchable, stretching an average of 11mm. The students could have improved the experimental design by specifying how much weight they attatched to each plastic and then keeping it constant. The way the procedure is written now we don't know if the amount of weight was used constant.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 17546.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is always busy and has no free time to do anything, because Rose tells her Aunt Kolab that about her dream. Aunt Kolab asks if Rose is weighed down because of the family, but she doesn't respond.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9527.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive is significant to this article because it is talking about how a python species are becoming quietly overpopulated and are starting to spread. MacInnes taying to convince you that they are just being introduced are not invasive.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6794.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because they eat almost nothing but a specific plant like (koalas eat eucalyptus leaves, while pandas eat bamboo), they are far different from pythons by their appearance, and what they eat (pythons eat anything that fit's in it's thin, pipe-like stomach).",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26704.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"light gray :: The best paint color for the dog house would be light grey. This because the light grey would keep the dog house not a s hot during like the summer, and warm enough during the winter. From Bra ndi and Jerry's previous experiment, you can see with darker colors on th e lids like black and dark grey it made the jar temperature hotter so if you used it on the dog house it would make it too warm inside. With the l ight grey it would be not to hot or cold. Another choice would be the whi te but that might make the dog house to cold in the winter, so light grey is the best choice.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 18232.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"It seems like to me, that she tries her hardest to make light of the situtaion with her and her sister. She made a joke about money, Anna said that money wasn't everything and Rose tried to make a joke and said 'only if you have everything'.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14929.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The mitocodriaGogi apperatus Nucleus,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 24480.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,he organizes this article by putting titles above each of his new subjects,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 20140.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,The effect of the background information that Paul gets from Mr. Leonard is Paul now knows that he is not the only one with a hard time. It helps Paul realize that everyone is good at one thing while another may be harder to accomplish.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18078.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose cares about other peoples feelings. She tried to save her brother from being crushed by a boulder.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6806.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in china are similar to Australia's kolala bear because they do not like change. They are specialists. These animals are different from pythons because pythons are generalists and can adapt very easily. "" What favors generalists is change, what favors specialists is stability, right now man kind is rapidly changing place.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 899.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"Well first thing they do was they determine the mass of the samples, they Vinegar on different samples and than they wash it with water.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5307.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are both considered specialists compared to the pythons who is a generalist. The article says that specialists prefer stability (the panda and koala both feed almost entirely off a single food) while generalists are more suited to change. A snake is able to adapt better than a koala or panda bear.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15090.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,There is a endoplasmic reticulum that acts like a guide in the cell. Then there is flagella in the cell that helps control the movement. There is also cytoplasm that helps the control.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12278.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. the protein gets carried to the necleus2. there the protein gets copied3. New dna is formed4. the protein is used for engergy,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3675.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,Based on the data I can conclude that the plastics stretched more in the second trial compared to the first trial. Also I can conclude that plastic B stretched the most because it held the most weight. One way the students can improve the experimental design is to include exactly what plastic they are using. Another way the could improve their experimental design is to include what they are using as weights foreach plastic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18566.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose feels conficted by how she believes that no one really understands what she is going through. One detail is in her dreams she sees all the things that is going on and it frustrates her so much that she feels that she cannot do anything about it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 24269.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author oraganized this article with three different titles that are important about space and what people put out there.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5216.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to Koala bears, because they eat exclusively the Panda with bamboo the Koala with eucalyptus leaves. This is different from pythons because they tend to eat anything. On page 5 it mentions that a python swallowed an alligator whole.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15536.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Diffusion-Water molecules move across the membrane.Cell Membrane-Controls substances that pass through it.Nucleus-Decides which substances can go through the membrane.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17384.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose is very thankful. Even if what her aunt offered did not work it still make a difference in how she felt. What her aunt did was take some stress away and give Rose a little hope.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5038.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas & koala bears both eat plants while the snakes eat animals.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 386.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,First the experiment needs to have a controll. They need to put the materials in water to see if it has any affect on the materials. Second they need more than one trial for each material. I suggest three so you recieve better data. The third thing they can do is tell us exactly how much vinegar they are putting into each sample.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21464.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The background information makes Paul feel more confortable with Mr. Leonard. He now knows him and Mr. Leonard are more alike than what he thought. In the beginning of the story Paul thought Leonard was just some hall monitor that was crazy about checking passes. By the end of the story he realized they have a lot in common, as in they both have trouble in school (reading), and they are both good at hurdles. I think Leonard became an inspiration for Paul to try to succeed, and do better than what Leonard did.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24533.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author first starts off by telling what the problem is. The problem is space junk. The author explains exactly what this 'junk' is. The author then gives a history of space exploration. I think that is important because it shows that after 50 years there could be a lot of junk built up. The important thing is they realize its a problem; that is explained in the last section. They're trying to find ways to solve this problem.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 18184.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She want to tell her sister how she really feel. May be its because she does not want her sister to worry. She tells her sister that she is fine and that nothings wrong but her sister nows better. When she is talking to her aunt she says nothing to her at all. Her aunt tries to talk to her but nothing. Exept at the end of the conversation she at least nodes at her aunt. She feels very overwelmed.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8613.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is used negatively to describe the way certain animals are brought into a new area. Rob Roy Maclnnes prefers to call it being ""introduced"" and to say they are ""invading"" is unfair. In this article the word ""invasive"" is referring to the pythons in Florida.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20025.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,when a coach hides something from you feel suspcious and want get in on the action. when he hid that secret about him quitting track because of his grades shocked the narrator.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26872.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: I would paint the doghouse white because that color would keep the doghouse cool. In the experiment, the jar with the white lid was an average temperature of 42(DEG)C and the jar with the bl ack lid had an average temperature of 53(DEG)C.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11691.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"After the mRNA leaves the nucles, it sets out to find the ribosome to make rRNA and give the needed amino acid code that is needed to make proteins. After completing this, it transforms into tRNA to transfer the code. After getting the needed amino acids, it then transforms back into mRNA and heads back to the nucleus.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1238.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"I would need to know how to determine the mass of each sample. I'd need to know what to lable the containers. I'd need to know how to preform the steps, not just what the steps are of the experiment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21120.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"The author uses many signs of foreshadowing in this story. The foreshadowing lead the reader to assume he is not educated well. The author begins by introducing Mr. Leonard as the hall monitor. This suggests to the reader that he does not have an advanced education if he was just a hall monitor. When Mr. Leonard ask Paul what his name is in paragraph 24, it suggest that he either doesnt have a good memory or cannot read the pass. Another incident like this occurs when Paul shows Mr. Leonard his printout, and Mr. Leonard responds with a confused look. The author's uses of foreshadowing allows the reader to get to know Mr. Leonard personally before the information is revealed to the main character Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 9249.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The significance of the word invasive in the article is that it describes a dangerous situation that is occuring in the US. An invasive species is one that is introduced into a foreign environment, and if allowed to remain, can cause much harm to environments and native species. One example is the pythons decreasing the wood rat population in the US.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8294.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""Invasive"" to the rest of the article is unfair and passing judgements.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26284.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,white :: the white might let sunlight come in the dog house,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 27289.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: The darker the paint the more heat inside the room so you want the lightest colored object,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26438.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: the inside of the doghouse would be cooler wi th the color white and with black it would be hotter,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5439.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,In the article it says that panda bears mostly eat bamboo and Koala's mainly eat eucalyptus leaves. They are similar because they only eat o certain amount of food while snakes any pythons eat a lot of different things. The article even said that a python tried to eat an alligator.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1085.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"What type of marble, limestone, wood, and plastic did they used?",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12080.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,prophasemetaphaseantaphasetelaphase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11661.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA leaves, sends message to tRNA to create more proteins, amino acids get the message, and new proteins are created",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17579.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is very exhausted and worried for the family.Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. 'Do you feel so wighed down by what you're doing to help this family.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27395.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,light gray :: The light gray would keep the dog house at a more even temp because its both a light and dark color so it would atrackt the right amount of sun light and repel just the right amou nt of sun light.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26328.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"light gray :: I think light gray paint would work best to paint the dog house because in the summer black would be way to hot for the dog. The dog would feel most comfertable in a light colerd house in t he summer so that it is a comfertable tempuature. But in the winnter white would be to cold and the dog would freeze. The dog would want to be warm in the winter. In the expirament the black heated to 53(DEG)C an d the white heated to 42(DEG)C witch is a difference of 11(DEG)C. That is why the dog house should be light gray insted of black, white or dark gray.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15232.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"convergent evolution, divergent evolution",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3040.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a) Based on the students data plastic type B stretched the most. On the first trial plastic type B stretched 22mm while plastic C only stretched 14mm. On the second trial plastic B stretched 23mm and the next closes was plastic type D which stretched 20mm. ^P b) Two ways the students could have improved the experiment is to do more trials and when the students are starting the experiment tell me how long the plastic is before you start to stretch it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11213.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Once mRNA leaves the nucleus, they send the sequence to move on to the mitochondria where translation takes place. The translation will take the mRNA and change into tRNA. For example, if you have UAU GCU then the new strand in tRNA would be AUA CGA. After this, then the strands will form the amino acids. Then, you got the amino acids needed for energy and protein synthesis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 27215.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,dark gray :: I picked Dark grey because it will be consistantly 48(DEG)c i know because in the table For each trial it was 48(DEG)c.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3738.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"According to the data table plastic type A was the most strechable. Type B and C decreased when measured again after having placed weights and type D stayed the same. Therefore, type A was the most strechable considering the longitude it made by 2mm.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 869.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,There is one piece of information on that you would need in order to replicate this experiment that they forgot. You need to know the amount of vinegar that needs to go into each cup. If you didnt know that the whole experiment wouldnt be correct. You should have the vinegar at a constant measurement.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5250.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"It say that panda's and koala bears are the same because both only have 1 food resource. Bamboo(panda) and eucalyptus( koala bear). They're different from snakes because snakes eat what every living thing, like the python that tried to eat an alligator.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8585.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The word invasive is significant to the article because the whole article is about invasive species of animals. For example the python is an invasive species in the U.S.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 18459.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is very dedicated. In the story it tells how she is overwhelmed with work and the essay she wants to write, but she still works so that she can support her brother Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3215.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,In conclusion. Plastic A was the least streched after two tries also plastic B was the most stretchest after the two tries. The student could have improved the experimental design by being more specific and also measured the length of the materials before doing the experiment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18688.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose understands why her father left because she is more mature than Anna and realistic about thier situation. I know this because when Anna says money isn't everything, she replies saying that it isn't if you already have everything.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14937.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell uses cilla no move around to get food. The cell also ueses things golgi apperates to move things out of the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17890.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"She thought she would she could get a trip to Sacramento to receive a prize, and she had already missed a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20751.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul learned that Mr. Leonard was a track star who also couldn't read. His inability to read made life a lot more difficult for him; more difficult than it was for all of the other people that had gone to school with him. Paul, who also couldn't read, felt close to Mr. Leonard. He felt empathetic; he understood the hall monitor's emotions completely. He could identify with the embarrassment he felt. Mr. Leonard had given Paul hope; he had shown him about hurdles and taught him how to jump over them efficiently and effectively. Eventually, Paul was able to join the track team. It had given him the chance to excel at something like never before. After hearing Mr. Leonard's story, he felt as though he should give back. After the story ends, it's clear that Paul is helping to teach Mr. Leonard how to read so that he too could feel accomplished with himself.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6028.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia, as they are both specialists. This means that they only eat one type of food making it harder for them to adapt to new climates. There specialists greatly differ from pythons b/c pythons can adapt easier, as they can survive by eating almost anything. Animal similar to pythons,racroans and cockroaches are called generalists as they eat a wider variety of food and can survive almost changing conditions.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5798.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Panda's and koalas are very similar because they eat every kind of animal. The only thing the panda doesn't eat is bamboo the story says. The pythons just roams around in bushes, cars anywhere but it can't take the cold. It ate a alligator one time and blew up.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23031.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,The author starts off with a startatling sentence. Then starts to talk about how they are made and what they are made from. He tells how long they have been around. He tells some problems with them as well.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11613.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. the mRNA goes out of the nucleus and to the tRNA2. Then the tRNA translates the RNA and creates aminp acids to go along with the RNA.3. They attach together.4. and they start making proteins,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21200.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"He starts to want to work out with the team after finding out, it has a great impact on his decision to continue with runing.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 1577.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"You would also need to include a list of supplies, a hypothesis and amounts of how much vinegar and of the samples is needed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 8208.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,2.0,"The way the author used invasive in this article was that they said it meant dangerous. I know this because in the article it said ""Nine monitor lizard, A toothy carnivore that can reach sever feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of cape coral."" That paragraph says they are better where they are than your home.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 322.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"The group should be more specific including the names of the samples(Add rain sample1,2,etc.). They should specify what kind of container to pour the vinegar into in step 2. In step 4, they should say where to put the samples after they have been removed from the container.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5636.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas in china are similar to koalas in Australia because they both eat, but they eat different things .They both are different from pythons because they eat plants and bamboos and pythons don't. Also a python is a snake and they are bears or almost bears.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 829.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"The additional information I would need is how many trials they're going to do. Also how much vinegar they have to por in each container. Another piece of information they should have added is the safety things you need,goggles,gloves etc.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9546.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"""Invasive"" in this article means ""to take over"" or ""to invade"" It is a fairly important term in this articles because it describes the impact and consequenses of releasing a pet python into the wild.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24550.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by first providing an exciting introduction about space junk, then follows it by explaining what space junk is, is the section titled 'What Is Space Junk?'. After that, the author tells of a specific event in February 2009 that gives the reader of an event that actually happened, not of one that could or might happen. After that section which was called 'Crash Course', the author goes onto the next section, which was named 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal'. This section tells the reader, in detail, or how dangerous space junk can be. It also explains that NASA and the European Space Agency are trying to come up and with an easy solution. After that, the author finishes up, but without a specific conclusion.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5573.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both are vegetarians, they don't eat meat. Their both different from pythons because pandas and koalas are both furry and pythons have scales on them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17881.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"She is not able to stay focused, 'I fell asleep working on my essay.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 5407.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because their both mamals. They both are diffirent from pythons because China's panda eats nothing but bamboo and the Australia's koala bear eats nothing but eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 3780.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,a) I can infer that plastic type B is the strongest as it stretched the most. ^p b) The student could have improved the experimental design by creating 3 trials and creating an average of the 3. Also the student should of listed the length of the plastics before and after stretching.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 2882.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Based on the student's data, you can conclude that plastic A streched the most. One way the student could have improved the experiment could be to have all of the plastics be the same size at the start of the experiment. Another way they could improve the experiment is to add a specific amount of weights in the clamp and have it be the same weight for each plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1184.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"You would need at least 4 containners, some vine-gar and label stickers. Also you will might need is a watch to record your time of the mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11276.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,The mRNA leaves the nucleas. It then captures a protein. It brings the protein to this place where DNA is made. It uses the protein to make the DNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3665.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,By the result of the student's investigation they have concluded that plastic type B is the stretchiest polymer of all four and plastic type A is the least stretchiest polymer. ^p Three ways the student could have improved the experimental design is by starting off with each polymer with the same length. The same amount of weights for each polymer and repeating the experiment 3 times instead of 2.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23365.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes this article by breaking it up into four parts. The firt part, or the introduction, gives us a small anecdote on what possibly could happen. The next three parts give us details on the three main points of this article; 'What Is Space Junk', 'Crash Course', and 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal'.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11025.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"1. You have to have a code to find the codon2. You have to use the condon to find where you start at3. THen after you get the codon where you start it should be making a code with A,U,G,C,T4. After you find where you stop at you should figure out what it says.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21563.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,then hes ilitereatc,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11827.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"During protein synthesis, mRNA leaves the nucleus. The tRNA takes the anti-codon and matches it with the corresponding codon on the mRNA molecule. It attaches on the ribosome. This then makes the amino acid polypeptide chain. Once those steps are complete, you have the protein that the mRNA was coded for.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20572.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,It made Paul realize that Mr. Leonard is very similar to himself. It also gave Paul the courage to contine in his track training. Paul felt very connected and concerned with Mr. Leonard.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6772.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas in china and Australia's koala leaves almost one country. China's panda eats almost nothing but bamboo and Australia's koala bear eats eucalyptus. They both are different from pythons because pythons lives in inhabit climates pythons provoking their way right up the potomac.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26710.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,light gray :: maybe something else was alredy that color,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 1509.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,3.0,"There is much additional information necessary in these procedure in order for one to be able to repeat it in step 1, the four samples should be specified as marble, limestone etc as they were in the data table. In step 2, how much vinegar (ie in ml) should be desorined as well as the type of container (a jar/plastic/beaker etc) also in steps vi, determining the mass could be also tried more by saying what type of measurement should be used such as beams. Lastly, there should be a step 7 directing us to find the differences in mass as it does in the data table.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 27325.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: They might use white because it doesnt get ho t as fast as the other colors do. In the data table it shows that the fir st trail was 42(DEG) C the second trial was 43(DEG) C the third was 41(DEG) C and the fourth was 42(DEG) C. For all the other colors the trials got highe r than 43(DEG) C therefore , the white would be best for a dog house bec ause it doesnt get as hot.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8436.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of ""invasive"" is to kinda tell you about how uncontrol able the speices is.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6127.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are both ""specialists"" meaning they can only survive in one area because their food source is rare. Pythons on the other hand can adapt to other areas, there concidered ""Generalists"" so they could live any where that has the right climate.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 22986.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The aurthor organize that article by putting different information in its own subject so that the reader can understand and lean about one thing at at time. By putting the articles in there owns subject like 'What Is Space Junk?. The reader can only read about what space junk is, and not have to read about crash cousre, cause thats in the next reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9784.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive species are species that have no predator so the refore the population rises. The articles describes this predators and gives examples such as pythons. It tells the story about a python that ate a crocodile to know how invasive can grow at of control.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 4918.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"China's panda and Australia's koala are two animals that arent predator, pandas eat bamboo and koala's eat eucalyptus leaves. Therefore, they are harmless. They are both different from pythons because pythons are potentialy dangerous considering they can swallow an entire alligator you could conceivably have pythons shacking upto the Potomac",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17036.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Based on Anna's response 'Only if you already have everything' when Rose says 'Money isn't everything' you can determine the Rose is very money driven has may have a slight trait of greed.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8160.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive is important because they mean that the animals here have become familiar with a new habitat that increasingly doesn't have the species.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 15397.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They slide because its slippery. Its really cramped in there because every thing is so close. Then they are molded into place and they stay there untill there job is complete.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8783.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The term invasive species comes up a lot in the article. An invasive species is a species that, when exposed can invade a territory and live there. They can do this if they are generalists, but not if they are specialists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23080.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author organizing this article in sections. The author starts with an attention grabber, the the author goes into more detail about space and satellites.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11869.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,1.0,1. mRNA leaves the nucleus carry the message from the cell membrane.2. rRNAcarries the ribosome to the codon3. tRNA transfers the segment needed to be traslated.4. the Condon strand is translated.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17386.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose can be described by hopeful. She is hoping or wanting more to come out of the future. When Rose and Anna are talking at the beginning of the story, Rose talks about how once Paul finishes college, he will get a good job and help support the rest of the family and help pay for both of them to go to college.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26334.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Black will make the doghouse to hot. The dog will not go in the doghouse because the dog will not feel comfortable. I n the lab, the black got way more heat then the others colors that were u sed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8836.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"I believe the word ""invasive"" means a lethal because they talk and obout all this sipecies that can kill us and eat us.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 1306.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"In order to replicate the experiment, you would need to know the amount of vinegar that was poured into the containers. You would also need to know the conditions of the space where the samples were set to dry in, if there was more water vapor in the air and if the samples even dried completly, you would also need to know the density of each sample and if the sample was completly submerged or if it was floating on top.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6048.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"China's panda and koalas, in Australia are the same because they eat plants, pythons eat meat such as alligators and mice.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20094.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,After Paul finds out that Mr. Leonard used to be a great track star is surprised that Mr. Leonard never told him about running in college. When Mr. Leonard explains to Paul that he could not read and flunked out of college Paul knows how Mr. Leonard felt because he could not read at the beginning of the story. After Paul hears Mr. Leonard tell him about his reading troubles he takes Mr. Leonard to the learning center to help him for once learn how to accomplish something.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26661.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: It would make the doghouse warmer.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12371.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The creation, developing the protein, and sending it out of the nucleus",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6092.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"Pandas and koalas are both specialist animals meaning they only eat one exclusive thing or live in one exclusive area. Pythons are generalists, they eat many different things & can live in a large selection of habitats.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26520.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"light gray :: The light colro of the dog house will hlp to keep the doghouse cool and ideal in hot temperatures, but will also absor b enough thermal energy from the sun to had a semi-warm environment. Whil e the black lid color in the experiment created an average jar-air temper ature of 53(DEG), that temperature is very hot and a dag would feel very uncomfortable within that environment. However, if we look at the white lid, it had an average temperature of 42(DEG). That temperature is a bit too low and it might not absorb enough thermal evergy on days that it is cooler. However, the light gray lid had an average of 45(DEG) in the tr ials. Its temperature was msot ideal and it would create the most balance d environmetn for the dog to live in.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 24402.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article in order to create a detailed introduction, explanation, and conclusion. The author begins by creating the introduction, showing the beginning of space exploration. As the author continues through the essay, he/she adds factual information on the hazards of space debris. This allows the reader to have background knowledge on space debris, and then have factual information about the disasterous debris. Finally, the author has a conclusion, which includes specific examples of space debris disaster and the chances of more catastrophe in the future. 'In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration' (Orbiting 1). The author concludes how space debris has become a serious obstacle in modern space exploration.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5394.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The panda eats only bamboo, the koala eat eucalyptus, but the python however doesn't eat anything America needs. In fact the comparison is nothing alike. The panda and koalas eat resources people need. The python doesn't eat anything that is needed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1644.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"In order to replicate this experiment, we would need to know how much vinegar to put in the containers. We also would need to know how they plan to measure the mass of each sample. Another thing we would need to know before we could replicate this experiment, what the hypothesis is.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9069.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word ""Inansive"" is saying the species are unknown. Dont really know what they're capable of According to macInnes"" I think that 'invasive' is passing judgement"". In other words invasive is basically an asumption, what people think about the species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26591.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: White will keep the doghouse more chill than black or dark gray cause of their hot temps..when white has a temp of 42 degrees celcius..keeping the doghouse nice and cold..,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3463.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,I can conclude that plastic type B is the stretchiest because it stretched to 22 and 23mm. ^p The student could specify the amount of plastic that was hanging over the edge. The student could also say how much weight he was using.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3244.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"According to their, the students results, plastic sample A is the least stretchy while sample B was the most stretchy. I do not, however, believe these results are valid. They should have used exact measurement when saying to ""add weight"" to the clamp. Another thing they could have done was added a third trial for increased accuracy, and to that same note come up with an average stretch distance for each sample, making it even more accurate.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14998.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,cytoplasm keeps things where they are.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1635.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"First, you would need to know what samples are going in the cup. Also, we need to know how much vinegar we are pouring into the samples. Finally to duplicate this experiment you would need to know how much of the sample goes in each cup.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21430.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"That Paul is totally suprised about the hall monitor, Mr. Leonard being a track star in college and being one of the best. Thats been training him on the track everyday. From going to the learnign center during the week and then having Mr. Leonard teach him how to hurtle and train him. Then Mr. leonard tells him why he drops out of college from not knowing how to read and that you are lucky that you have a learning center. Then Paul looks at Mr. Leonard and says you have training to do.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 9427.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The term ""invasive"" shows how new species like pythons and lizards are spreading all over the country and are ""invading"" the Northern native species by eating or taking over them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 11977.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,prophase-anaphase-metaphase-where the cells begins to splitinterphase-,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3566.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"Based on the student's data, I concluded that the amount each plastic stretch, had varied very little between trials. ^p Two ways the students could have improved their experiments would be, 1. They could have recorded the plastic samples lengths before they stretched them. 2. They could have and all the original samples to the same length, the started them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 12133.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"mRNA occurs transfering over to tRNA, while entering the nucleus and dividing into it's own parts of RNA.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20508.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,Paul is surprised that Mr. Leonard went to collage and won nantionls when he was a freshman in collage. He also was curious of why he quit.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8272.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive could be meaning that the pythons could be dangerous. When the article explains that they arnt.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 9739.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The word ''invasive'' is used to describe the reptiles many times throughout the article. ''Invasive refers to the way the reptiles are showing up all over, breeding rapidly and consuming many of an area's native animals. The snakes and lizards are thought to be able to completely take over the ecosystem in some areas so people feel as though their areas are being invaded by the creatures scientists say they're 'major threats to biodiversity.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 26198.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: painting the doghouse white will reflect the sunlight making it cooler in there,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15590.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"movement, repridouction, respirtaion",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23953.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes this article by separating it up into different sections with different titles.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 8481.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significant to the article because the author argues that reptile that kill other animals are misunderstood rather than invasive. Invasive means dangerous and the government classifies pythons to be invasive, while the author says they are not.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8339.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"The significance of the word invasive is that they are saying the animals are not wanted and are causing harm. MacInnes sees things differently, he believes that they aren't invasive, instead he says they are ""introduced"". Overall, the article is arguing whether or not introducing these animals to different habitats is bad.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 4984.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialist. ""A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively"". They both rely on specific food sources that are found only in certain areas. This differs from the pythons who can thrive in many different environments and have a more varied diet.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5429.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China are panda's in Australia are similar because they are both specialists. Pythons are different because they are generalists unlike the specialists and things that and abundant to their locations. The bamboo and eucalyptus, generalists can eat anything mostly. This means specialists have to stay in their natural habitat, while generalists can move around and live anywhere.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17555.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose respects her elderes and doesnt want to hurt their feelings. Because when she is talking to her aunt she didnt want to tell the truth and hurt her feelings.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 24108.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author organizes this article by beginning with an introduction, leading into 3 main paragraphs, and ending with a conclusion.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24536.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"He organizes it into paragraphs with headings of different topics. Like What Is Space Junk? This paragraph talks about the history of when it started with launching satellites into space. Crash Course. This paragraph talks about how satellites haved crash in space. Little Bits, But a Big Deal. This talks about how little thing that get lost in space like tools from astronauts get lost in space and which can cause a lot of damage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 6310.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and Koala bear are similar because they are both specialists. The Panda lives on mainly bamboo. While the Koala's eats only eucalyptus leaves. These two specialists are different from a python because pythons are generalists.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 368.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,Additional information would be doing the experiment 3 times before putting the data down.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 20075.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul knew exactly how Mr. Leonard felt about not knowing how to read. Paul felt the embarrassment he felt when he had read aloud infront of the class, or having to answer questions he didn't know the answer too.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 430.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,One step that missed was to gather all all the materials. Another step that should add is how much vinegar to put each cup. Another step they might have to add as well is how much distilled water that would be to one each errape.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14144.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"The processes are active transport, diffusion, and passive transport.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6561.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,Pandas in China are simillar to koala in Australia because they are both specialists. They are exclusive about the things they eat & where they live. The python is different because it is a generalist. Generalists are more adaptable. As a result they can survive in many places around the world.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27019.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: White because black colors, dark colors attra cked heat towards them so if you get light color ""white"" the te mparture would be cooler in there.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 24650.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"He starts out telling what space junk is. Then he goes and tells how satellites crash and make tiny debris. After that he talks about how the little debris can be a bid deal. He organizes it all by using the headings What is Space Junk, Crash Course, and Little Bits, But a Big Deal.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11650.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. Mitochondria makes proteins.2.mRNA passes proteins to ribosomes.3.Ribosomes take proteins to nucleus.4.Nucleus uses proteins for energy.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17385.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One trait that Rose has is that she understands some things have to be sacrificed for the better of the family. This appears when she is talking with Anna in the kitchen after they both wake up. Anna says, 'I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years,' (para. 8). Rose's response is, 'He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here,' (para. 9). This shows that for her age and the amount of responsibility she has, she still understands that the sacrifice for a family is the most important thing of all.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26678.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,black :: i think black would be the best for the color of a dog house because darker color aborb more energy and black is the d arkest one,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 20607.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul feels a connection to Mr. Leonard he states that in paragraph 45 sentence 1. They share a bound of having a hard time reading this connects them. Paul then steps up tp teach him how to read in paragraph 46.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 11655.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,0.0,First translation starts. Then the codons are made. Codons are matched up. Finaly RNA starts again.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5507.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,Pandas and koalas are different from pythons because they have specific food sources that grow in certain parts of the world. Pythons on the other hand don't need a specific food source and can adapt to other food sources and climates.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1514.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"Want wise the shops, if they wayed with the that they was holdings the thing, if it was dry, how much rinser did put in it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6413.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because both are specialist. For example, they both are vegeterians. Thes two animals are alike because of their eating habits unlike the python. Pythons eat other creatures to survive or digest and spit them back out.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6680.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"China's panda and Australia's koala bear are similar because they are both specialists which means they need to be in certain conditions and eat certain foods to survive. They are different from pythons because according to the article, pythons are generalists which means they can live in a number of different climates and survive on a variety of different foods and resources.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26884.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,0.0,dark gray :: the color wont absorb to much heat therfore i t wont be to hot inside. the darker the color the greater the heat,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 18305.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,When her and her sister talk in the kitchen and get in a fight.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26554.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: Painting the doghouse white will make it so t hat the temperature inside will be cooler, because as tests show, white c ompared to black can have a temperature difference of 12 degrees celsius.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26257.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,light gray :: the dog will might sleep on the doghouse.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 18336.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"One trait that Rose posseses is that she is motherly. While talking to Anna, she was talking about their Papa and how he had to take the job in Los Angeles because it paid good and the family needs the money.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9718.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive is important to the rest of he article because in paragraph 6-7 the government overestimates the threats posed by invasive reptiles. And MacInnes says even the term ""invasive species is unfair they're introduced and that inasive is passing judgement"".",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8558.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive means that different animals are starting to spread to different places and adapt to their surroundings for example the article states that a snake tried to eat an aligator to survive.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3185.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,a) A conclusion I can draw with the data present is that some plastics are more stretchy than others. For example plastic B is much more stretchy then plastic A. ^p b) To improve there experimental design and validity the results they could of added another trial. Also to say how much plastic measured before the plastic was stretched.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14042.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,1.0,"Osmosis is one process that moves water from a high concentration area, to a lower concentration area. This makes it even throughout the whole cell. Diffusion is another process that moves water from a low area of concentration to a high area of concentration. Activation is another process, it",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1007.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,We would need to know how much vinegar to pour into each container. It would also be helpful to know the size of the container & size of the sample to use. The process of how to clean the samples specifically as to not effect the mass is lacking information.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17336.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose feels very weighed down because she has too much on her plate and it drives her insane because she also has to do a bunch for her family too and she feels presured not to give up and to help as much as she can and I know this because of when she had that conversation with her aunt at the end she had her aunt explain what she was feeling in a different perspective.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 24725.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,the author organizes the artical but putting stictics in first before try to persuade the readres what really happen i think it is really good becuase people need to know the true facts.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15138.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane are, mRNA which gives instructions to a cell. tRNA which transfers stuff to a cell.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20399.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The backrground information shows how similar paul and Mr. Leonard are. Paul has empathy for Mr. Leonard. He is greatfull for Mr. Leonard helping him with track, so he feels that he in return could help Mr. Leonard with reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20433.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,Mr. Leonard background informatiosn makes Paul feel bad for him. So she starts to help them and went from being one of his students to be his trianer.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24608.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,The author organized the article from the history of space junk is really dangerous. The next is on how the space junk can crash into anything and anyone. The next one after that is Little bits can distoy anything.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5915.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Both pandas and koalas live exclusively a bamboo and eucalyptus leaves only. But they almost go from one continent to another and adapt like reptiles can.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24196.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by explaining what the article is about and then telling how dangerous it can be even if it is only a small piece. 'What is Space Junk,' tells about what it is and how long it has been up there and when they figured out what it was. The section 'Crash Course,' tells about how the little particles in space can damage the satellites even if they are small pieces. The last section 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal,' tells about what the fragments can do to a satellite. It also tells how the spacecraft is designed to try to avoid the little particles, but sometimes can not avoid them all. This article explains what 'Space Junk' is and how it affects the satellites, it also explains how much damage something so little can do.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 6105.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Pandas are similar to koalas because they are both bears and have similar diets. They are both different from the pythons because they are not even close to the some spices.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 9473.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is important and is used a lot in this article is to tell how reptiles are invading habitats they shouldn't be in and affecting other species. They are capable of doing this because of humans bring them to parts of the world they shouldn't be in.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17689.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is busy. Rose is always doing something, wheather it is writting an essay, dreaming, taking care of her sister, or talking to her aunt.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 24293.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,The author organizes the artical by subtitles. some of the subtitles they used are What Is Space Junk? and Crash Course,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23384.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The writer splits the most important facts into seperate paragraphs. By doing this it keeps the article organized and easy to understand. The seperate titles, like 'What is Space Junk', also make it easier to go back if you missed something or would like to reread something that may not have been understood at the beggining.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27246.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: it will make the doghouse really warm inside because the darker the color the more it absorbs energy .,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 21656.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"he's a good guy n a real good coach. and should be able to keep all his stundents , and his job.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5870.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Panda's and koalas are both specialists. That means they can not adapt well because they only eat pretty much one thing such as bamboo or eucalyptus leaves. Pythons however can adapt and find food, and are therefore generalists. An example of a python adapting is in Florida, where they can eat Key Largo wood rats and other species.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20505.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul goes to the track coach, the coach tells Paul to look up the name 'Grabowski.' Paul follows directions and finds out about Mr. Leonard's past. The website tells Paul that Mr. Leonard broke the 400 meter hurdle record as a freshman in college. When Paul asks Mr. Leonard about this, Mr. Leonard comences to tell Paul that he was a fantastic runner, but a less than average student. Paul takes this information as an encouragement. It encourages him to excel in both school and sports. Mr. Leonard's past also encourages Paul to help Mr. Leonard by helping him learn how to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3249.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"From the data, it's drawn that type B has the most stretchability than the others. In trial one, it held the highest weight count for 20 weights. In the second trial it had a total of 23. For the experiment to give a more accurate result, the weights should have been added on past the limit for each plastic. That way data could show how many weights each held until breaking, strengthening the results for or against the hypothesis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 2799.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,2.0,"A) Based on the student's data, I can draw the conclusion that plastic type A is the most duriable because it stretched the least (an average of 11mm), while plastic type D is the least duriable. ^P B) To improve this experiment, the student's could have added a control and specified how much weight should be added to the clamp.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23220.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author beings the article with an attention graber to introduce what the rest of the article will include. He then use the next sectoin, 'What Is Space Junk?' to define and descibe the problem at hand. Next in the section 'Crash Course' the author explains that 'dead satellites run the risk of collidin with each other,' which is becoming a major issue. 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal' is used to emphasis on the idea that this is indeed a serious problem that needs to be fixed. He concludes in stating that 'space trash is actually increasing' and that we most 'work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 14527.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,They use the cell mebrain to move from place to placethey can use the flow of water,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 1347.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,You need some pictures and a statement.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 24311.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,He organizes the articles by importance.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27031.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"white :: If they choose white, then the increase in te mperature will be the lowest of all the colors.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15563.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell membrane uses energy to let certain things in and keep certain things out. the cell wall helps keep things out of the cell. they can also use diffusion.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 27389.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: I choose white because white is the lightest color and it absorb the least heat so inside the dog house will be more c ooler. I know this because in the investigation it said white had 42(DEG) C which is the lowest while the black had 54(DEG)C which is the highest.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 9377.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significant to the rest of the article because they are spreading allover ""the map, ""the U.S geological survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental united states"" pythons are found almost everywhere but without all invitations.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 8099.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive means that the species kind of was introduct to an area. The species does not adapt to the new environment.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 304.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"To duplicate this experiment you would also need to know the brands of all the products on its accurate, the environment the experiment was in and what kind of scale was used so that the replicate experiment is identical making it move accurate.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6002.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are both specialists while pythons are generalists. Pandas and koalas are also similar in the fact that they eat one thing, almost exclusively pandas eat bamboo and koalas eat eucalyptus leaves. Pythons, on the other hand, eat a variety of food; rats, other rodents, and even tried to eat an alligator, but it exploded in the process. Pandas and koalas also are confined to one part of the world, while pythons are now in many.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 21291.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"the effect about the background information that has on Paul was shocking because he didnt know he was a track and field champion. He realized he wants to be more like him. when Paul ask him about his background. Mr. Leonard told him that he did but that he didnt do so good in school. After Mr. Leonard told him, it made Paul realized that it he was just like him when he was Pauls age.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 9534.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"That animals such as aligators, pythons and crockadials can take over the city like really can invade.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3687.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,Plastic type D was the most stretched out of all of the other plastics. The student needed to repeat the steps for a 3rd time also. The student should not have used the same plastic over they should have gotten a new place do the results would show validity to results.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 24403.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes this article by seperating the information into different catagories. He begins with a simple introduction to hook the reader. Then he goes on to explain what space junk is and how it is formed. The third section describes the dangerous collisions that take place in space between the different satellites and such. The very last section states that even small bits of space debris can cause a big problem. Overall, the author did a great job of informing the reader about his point of view.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 14748.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1-The substances travel through the membrane in a normal fashion. throught the pathways2-The membrane envelopes the substance and pulls it into the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11055.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"mRNA arrives at the ribosomes with the copied DNA and unzips it. The mRNA bonds with other free nucleotides to make a new DNA sequence.tRNA goes and retrieves amino acids and brings them back to the new DNA in the ribosomes.The amino acids link together to form a chain-proteins, that leave the ribosome and the cell to perform their funtion.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20668.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul discovers that Mr. Leonard had once ran track at a college level. Mr. Leonard raced his way to several records then, but Paul didn't know why Mr. Leonard had quit. Paul is motivated by Mr. Leonards story of not learning how to read and balancing school and sports.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 1616.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,"The additional information that you would need is the statement, why were you doing this and were the results right or wrong. Such as this the type of result you were looking for.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 2955.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,a) The percentage of the amount the plastic stretched was alot lower in the second trial than in the first. ^p b) They could have done more trials. They could have used more polymer plastics.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1452.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,After adding I determined that,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6392.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar and different from pythons. Pandas and koalas are specialist where python is a generalists. Pandas almost strictly eat bamboo, and koalas eat mostly eucalyptus leaves. These animals are limited to there habitats where pythons can spread out and invade, because they eat different kinds of food. This show they are similar to eachother and different from pythons.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20706.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,"When Paul got background information on Mr. Leonard that effected Paul to, feel like he isn;t the only one that has a reading problem at school and couldnt read that well. And it also made him feel just like Mr. Leonard, because he was always pick lasted for a team so he also started training and got really good at sports so he wasnt chosed last anymore.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8460.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Throughout the article; ""invasive"" has an impact on the reader's perception of the situation while invasive makes the reptiles seen threatening, MacInnes says ""they're 'introduced'. I think that 'invasive' is passing judgement.'' This shows that while the article implies a meaning, it doesn't hold time for other people throughout the article.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24309.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article into four different sections. The author first starts the article with an introduction paragraph about space junk that foreshadows what the rest of the article contains. Then the article has a section that gives background infromation about how space junk came to life. The next section gives actual examples of what can happen when random space junk is orbiting the Earth. Finally, the last section tells the reader how dangerous space junk can be at high speeds and how this space pollution is still affecting space travel today.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 4.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,The student should list what rock is better and what rock is the worse in the procedure.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 408.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,Additional things a I would need to replicate this experiment is a clock or a stop watch to time how long the samples sit and dry.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 26987.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"light gray :: Light gray will make the inside of the doghou se warm but not too hot, so in the winter a dog won't be cold but in summ er it won't be too hot either. 45(DEG)C is a good warm temperature and t he temperature inside the doghouse should remain that temperature unless the color is changed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 5456.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,2.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are not like pythons at all. Pandas only eat bamboo and koalas only eat eucalyptus leaves. In the Everglades in 2005 a python swallowed an alligator and exploded. This shows that pythons will try to eat anything if their habitat is changed.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 3467.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,My conclusion about the students data would be the farthest amount stretched he recorded one thing I would have done would be to change the plastic to which is more durable and Add T3 so their can be more results.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1567.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate this experiment one would need to know some additional information. First of all, it would be helpful to know how much vinegar needs to be poured into the containers. Also, from the student's written procedure one does not know what materials the 4 samples are. That would also be helpful. Lastly, it would be important for the student to include that at the end of the experiment that they took the difference in mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15335.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Endoabsorbing allows substances to enter a cell through the layer of proteins in the cell membranes.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14485.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",3.0,3.0,"One process used by cells is endocytosis. In endocytosis, the cell engulfs a particle or another organism by completely surrounding it and turning the space with the particle into a vesicle. This vesicle can now travel into the cell. Also exocytosis is used by cells to get certain materials to leave the cell. A vesicle is created around the particle which is then transferred outside of the cell membrane. Another process used by cells is diffusion through protein channels. The directs for a protein channel to be opened up in the cell membrane, and diffusion then takes its natural course of moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equillibrium is reached.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14845.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cell membrane lets substances in an out of the cell.the mitochondria ships things that are need out.the golgi apperatus also removes unwanted things,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21506.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul empathized with Mr. Leonard, because he knew how it felt to be the slow kid in class, and it inspired him to help Mr. Leonard learn to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6798.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"They are similar because they both only eat a certain type of leaf which is only found where they are located. They are different from pythons, because pythons eats only things they get around at.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 3876.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,2.0,Plastic stretched the most it had stretched 22 mm and 23mm. Plastic A stretched the least it stretched 10mm and 12mm. The students would have improved they experiment by writing more details like writing what was the begging length and write how much the weights weighed. They also could have put an experimental control like using a piece of metal instead of plastic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11751.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRNA carries instruction from nucleus for amino acid sequence of a protein.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14940.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,well the mitchondria which pretty much is the main power source of the cell it keeps everything in check. All the cells have differnt jobs to do in the body. The cell membrane makes sure that the stuff the cell needs it makes sure it gets it,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5820.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they both have a invalid food sorce. The pandas eat common food sorce is mainly ""only"" bamboo and the koalas is eucalyptus leaves. Compared to a python, a koala and panda's food sorce is totally different. A python eats almost anything alive such as rats, cats, deer, etc. The article even informs us about it eating an alligator.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1079.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,In the given procedure it would help replicate the experiment if is included in it a list of what materials were used this is important to know as well as how much vinegar should to used to pour into each beaker. If we do not know this information then we may get wildly different results. Inably what was need to determine ble mass of the samples. Depending on the need a different method we possibly a different mass could be found. Also it may help to have the four samples start made at tha same mass so you don't get skewed results,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3125.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,3.0,"Based on the students data it is possible to see how much each type of plastic stretched, but not how much weight was needed to stretch it that far as the original length of the plastic. ^P Two ways the student could have improved the experiment are to make a more detailed procedure. Include the weight of the type of plastic, clanes instructions etc and too create a clearer table that includes the types of plastic, the original length and the weight added.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 17134.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,Rose is very understanding even when she is having a rough time. Rose tells her sister that their dad had to go because it was a decision good for the family. She tries to stay positive for her sister.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 17376.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,she is always busy,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8748.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" in the article is that scientists are bringing these new exotic pets as invasive species, however, others, such as the pet sellers, argued that ""invasive"" is the wrong word; the word should be ""introduced"", as not all change can be a bad occurrence.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 124.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"You would need what semples there, what you do after number 6.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 248.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"First you would need a control. The absence of what is effecting the dependant. in this case the dependant variable is the mass of the material and the vinegar is effecting it, so the control would be the material subjected to water instead of vinegar. This group had don't write down the amount of vinegar. its very important that this amount is held constant throughout the experiment. They should also mention the mass of each material because each of them have to have the same mass in order for the results to be accurate and reliable.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 21601.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"In the story I obtained information about Mr. Leonard. Telling us that he can't read, such as Paul can't read. By that occuring to him that hurt Mr. Leonard's life becuase he flunked out of college and it ruined his life. Mr. Leonard is helping Paul so that history won't repeat itself and so Paul won't end up like him.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 17699.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"FRIGHTENED, ROSE WOKE GASPING FOR AIR",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14192.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"1. Osmosis, the equilzation of water in and outside the cell.2. Organelles, which prevent unessesary functions.3. The Nucleus, the 'brain' of the cell.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5735.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are different from pythons because they are specialists, while pythons are generalists. According too RobRoy MacInnes, specialists favor stability and generalists favor change. Pandas and koalas are similar because they both live in only one area and eat the same food, but pythons differ.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 612.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,1. Have a determined size for the starting samples of rock. ^p 2. Determine an amount of vinegar. ^p 3. Determine what type of containers are being used.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11369.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,RNA stand for ribo nucleicacid.DNA stand for dioxiribo nucleicacid.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 26496.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: Well the darker the color is the more heat it produces in the atmosphere so id suggest black because the dog is outsid e, so the dog will stay warm at a good temperature. on the table of the expirement it shows that having a black lid on trial one gave it 54 degrees on white on trial one it was only about 42 degrees. 12 degree difference!",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 9144.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The meaning of invasive mean something that is dangerous, bad. My support is ""MacInnes contenpts that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21030.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul learns that Mr. Leonard was a track star he wonders why he isn't anymore. When Mr. Leonard tells him that he flunked out of his scholarship, Paul is very empathetic to him because he knows how Mr. Leonard feels. When Paul finds out about all of this, he wants to help Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23988.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,The author put it in different catagories like What is Space Junk and he talks bout what it is.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17526.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,shes kind of snoby,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21227.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul was impressed by Mr. Leonard's record as a college track star which is evident by Paul's interest and impressed tone when he confronted Mr. Leonard. When Mr. Leonard informed Paul of his reading disability, Paul sympathized with Mr. Leonard's emotions of embarrassment. The challenge and talent that Mr. Leonard had in common with Paul inspired Paul to return Mr. Leonard's generosity with his time, so Paul will likely teach Mr. Leonard to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 23725.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,The author organizes it in a proper manner. It was mostley in order and never of the topic or the paragraph.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3771.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Based on the students data, plastic type B and C stretched the most while plastics A and C stretched the least in both trials. ^p One thing the students could have done was include the length before the weights were put on it. Another thing they could have done is tell the actual weight amount & keep it constant for all plastic types.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 11845.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA leaves the nucleusmRNA turns to tRNAtRNA then transfers the info to another part of the cellthe info is then read and the protein is created.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14108.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. they start from one part of the body and move too the given area they need2. mRNA3. tRNA,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9805.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive shows that pythons, rattlesnakes and other reptiles weren't originally and naturally found in the United States. People brought them here, and residents buy them since it's ""a very effective threat display."" These species are foreign and the article explains what will happen if they continue to live in this foreign environment.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23335.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,The author organizes the article by making sections of the article to have the reader become interested by the title and have them continue to read. They will learn about the dangers of space junk and what can happen to it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3635.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"Based on the student's data, I can conclude that plastic types A and B stretched more in the second trial than in the first trial. Two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and the validity of the results are that he should have written the beginning measurements of each piece of plastic, and he should have tested each piece three times not just two.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15672.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Meiosis, Mitosis, and Oserosis",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26037.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,white :: Lighter color means cooler house.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 8744.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Invasive implies that the snakes aren't naturally meant to be there, and therefore must ""invade"" on the other animal's food sources.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 24552.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The first thing that the author does is tell you about the first satelite launched into space. Then over the years more satelites were launched, the author is telling you the causes of the space debri. Next the author talks about the dangers when satelites collide with other things. The last thing that the author talks about is how dangerous a tiny piece of debri could be. The author explains that even tiny grains of sand could be very dangerous. During the last paragraph the author tells the reader that the problem is never ending and ways that corporations could come together to help this problem.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 21682.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul is a poor reader amd he finds out that so is Mr. Leonard. Mr. Leonard flunked out of college and lost his track scholarship, because he could not keep up with his grades. This made Paul feel better about himself, because he isn't the only on with the problem. it also shows that if you don't give up you can still suceed, even with a few hurdles in the way. He knows now how important it is to keep trying, and that some obstacles in your life can be difficult to jump over.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 281.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"To tell the amount vinger you pour into the container, the size of the container, Ho long you rinse the sample off with distilled water. How many times you repeat each sample to get down to a writer mass.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6295.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Panda's and koalas are similar to pythons because they all need things in order for them to live. It can be food, location, or the climate. Panda's and koala's are different from pythons because unlike pythons, panda's and koala's eat leaves and bamboo which cab easily be grown.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11362.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,(1) The messenger RNA sends information to the transfer RNA. (2) The transfer RNA relays the information to the Ribosomal RNA. (3) The Ribosomal RNA attaches to other RNA. (4) An enzyme activates the manufacture of protiens between the RNA molecules in the Nucleolus.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1058.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",0.0,0.0,You would need vinegar in each but 4 separate test taab's label them with what they are then wait 4 awer's and see the mass change in the object's you put into the vinegar over night.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12119.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Interphaseanaphaseprophasetelephase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 6311.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"If panda bears were found in China, and koalas in Australia then they are most likely to be there due to the natural habitat. because if pythons came to the northern part of the U.S they probably will not survive. But some are than its because a zoo knows what they need to survive, pandas and koalas are different from pythons because they it from plants at of nature. Pythons eat animals and may be hander for them to find.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18557.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"hardworking is one trait that describes Rose. She works hard in school, then has to rush over to work, then come home and help with dinner. That is a normal day for Rose and she does all this so she can have a sucessful future. This makes Rose hardworking.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20601.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul is encouraged. After training and learning that Mr. Leonard also could not read, he was encouraged to teach Mr. Leonard to read while Paul himself was being coached. Mr. Leonard knew what Paul was going through which is a reason he had Paul start hurdleing in the first place, and when Paul found out that Mr. Leonard had been in the same boat that Paul was in it made him look at life in a new way.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8764.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Invasive has a negative connotation. To call an animal invasive paints a picture of this animal coming into an ecosystem and destroying it for the animals own health. This makes it seem like the pythons that ""invaded"" Florida are sanges, and must be eliminated. Really, though,they are just animals trying to survive. Invasive brings a misconstreud idea of terror to the passage.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12426.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,the four majior parts are Mrna because sends a message to the Dna then there's Rrna which takes the message back to the dna then there's,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 17207.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,melanie Adair,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 9789.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,Invasive is described as not being introduced and that it is too harsh of a word to be used in this contest.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6043.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,China's Panda and Australia's Koala are both specialist. They can only live in one place because they need to eat what is in that area. They are not like the python because it is a generalist. It can live anywhere and withstand many different climates.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23285.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"By how things happen and when they happen. this is how he does it. What is Space Junk?Crash CourseLittle Bits, But a Big DealHe does it that way so you know what the passage is going to be about and what it is going to talk about. He also does it so you know the title of the passage and so you don't have to try to figure out what it is about . Another reason he does it so he can orginaze the story into different sections.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3830.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a) Based on the students data plastic type B was stretched longer than any other plastic type. ^P b) Two ways the studen could have improved the experimental design was at given what type of plastic they used and to provide the amount of weigh they added to each clamp (grams lbs, o2, etc..)",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 8479.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Invasive refers to a species that has begun to live and reproduce in an area other than to their natural ecosystem. In the artical, pythons areInvading the American South. They begins as pets but somehows escape into the wild. there, the pythons reproduce and their population i.e harming five endangered species in tile area. Robroy Mac Innes believes the pythonInvasion is "" The best thing to traped in the Everglades in the last 200 years "", but obviously theInvasion to harming the local wildlife'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21076.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,1.0,he sees that he is trying to get him to do something with his life he doesnt want to see him end up in the situation he was in. he knows the kid is trying to read and that he should do something else to motivate him. Leonardo is trying to be a roll modle and make a difference in teh kids life.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 21099.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,"Paul was shocked that Mr.Leonard didnt tell him about his past. and when Mr.Leonard did he listened to see what he had to say. When Paul heard Mr. Leonard speak and tell his story, he heard the emotions in the his voice it made paul think about the times when he was in class and he got called out by the teacher to read a story or a book and he felt embrassed. An then he thought about what Mr Leonard was trying to do for him,so he thought about what he could do for Mr. Leonard.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 3923.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,A good conclusion I can make from the data is type A and C were the most alike and types B and D were the most alike. For example for T1 type A had 10 and type C had 14 and for T2 type B had 22 and type D had 20. The student could have improved the experimental design by telling the reader how much plastic should be hanging down the table and also he should have been told how heavy the weights were.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23890.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"In this story to organize things, they sorted all the stuff out that they needed to put together, so it isn't all in random places and so it all makes sense, and none of it is out of wack.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 8192.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The word invasive means abundance of many species, for example if alligators will spread in the United States they will invasive and probably, and with the humanity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23287.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,The author organizes the article first by giving the background information of the start of space exploration. They continue on to define satellites and how they are used. The second section describes how the satellites played a role in history. Then the author goes on in the last section to describe how the satellites are a problem now by explaining how they are involved in space pollution.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 27210.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,white :: the white will absorbe less heat and the dog house will be cooler or less hot. in the experiment black which was the d arkest had an average of 53degrees celcius and the white (the lightest co lor) had an average heat of 42 degrees celsius,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14901.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cell wall protectsthe cell from substances coming in or going out of the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17510.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,SHE IS A HARD WORKER. SHE GOES TO WORK RIGHT AFTER SCHOOL FOR A FOUR HOUR SHIFT THEN GOES HOME HELPS WITH SUPPER AND THEN FINISHES UP WITH HER HOMEWORK.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 18020.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She has alot of frustration in side that she wants to let out but has to hold back and the reason that i think this is because she says if she would of answered and told the truth she would of hurt her aunt.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6537.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar in the way that they are both specialists. The author states "" A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively"". They differ from the python because a python is a generalist. A generalist is something that can, with the assistance of technology, live anywhere.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18390.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,confused. I think she wonders why her father would choose to go so far away just for a job and she wonders why her aunt is doing what she's doing to help their family.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 20550.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,he can Relate to him,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8817.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Invasive means basically is to beware of reptiles they are dangerous, its a great intimidation and something should be aware of.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14165.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1.nucleus2.michrocondria3.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14423.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,anaphaseprophasetelophase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11064.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"tRNA transfers information to the DNA, rRNA, gRNA, RNA multiplies",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 11696.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,after it leaves the nucleus it then goes to the tRNA to give it some memory. then after that it goes to the rRNA to make more ribosomes.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23308.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The way the author organizes the article is quite interesting. The author breaks this article into sections making it easyer to read and summerizing each section on the way.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 15725.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"One way the cell controls the movement across the membrane is by knowing where to go. Aniother way is by swimming to where it needs to go, and the last way i moves is by just moving there.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 8514.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"The word invasive is significant to this article because it causes readers to think that pythons and other reptiles are ""invading"" where they shouldn't. A reptile seller Rob Roy MacInnes even said ""the term ""invasive species is unfair."" This shows that even proffessionals are mis guided by the term ""invasive.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6737.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Both pandas in China and koalas in australia differ from pythons because they both eat plants unlike a python which can be reckless biting its owner, and anyother human that may seem like a threat to it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11240.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The mRNA changes into tRNA or gRNA or it will change into rRNA. Transfer RNA helps transfer things, etc",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3370.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"Plastic Type D stretched the most but on the second trial plastic Type A made the most difference. To improve this project the student could have hung the plastic from a higher surface to see if gravity would stretch it more. Also, the student could have put weights in the middle of the plastic to test if its middle would stretch more and be more durable.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14090.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,To get food the nucleas. To get shape is the cell wall. Also to reproduce they die off.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23030.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The author organizes this article very well. The introduction is attention grabbing and it makes people want to read the entire thing to learn about what is going on out in space. There is a lot of information in the article, but it is organized in a way that makes it interesting to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12151.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,the mRNA leaves the nucleus then,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12497.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. the mRna unzips 2. the mRna changes thymine into uracil3.the mRna changes its structure 4.the mRna zips back up,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 23675.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author organizes the article by telling the information to the reader in order and is not all scrambled up. The author talks about Space Junk and what it is. He tells us what it does and how it acts in space. Then he talks about its crash course and about how the little pieces of rock can cause serious damage to the spacecraft.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 26107.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,1.0,black :: The wood will be hot,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 26092.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: i chose black so the inside of the dog house can be warm at about 53(DEG)C and wont get cold over the time the dog is outside,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 12425.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,tRna idk,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 12696.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,First the mRNA is cheacked. Then the mRNA takes the information. Then delivers it. And then that information is used.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8781.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The word invasive means something that invades or trys to take over space. In the passage they say the python are invasive because they cause harm and eat othr animals. Also I think it can mean causing harm to another's space. That's what is thing invasive means.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17597.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is very compassionate to her sister. It's a lot of responsibility to take on when you're mother is not around and you have a little sister to take care of. Rose tries to make her little sister feel better about their situation, even though she is already so weighted down by it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3362.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"A) Based on the data I have seen, plastic B seemed to be stretched out the most, meaning it's too durable. And plastic A seemed to be stretched out the least, meaning it's more durable. ^p B) One way to improve this experiment is by telling us the amount of weight the student added to the clamp. Also, to get better results the student should've conducted a third trial.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 23746.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"He first has his introduction and opening senetence and paragraph to really grip the reader into reading his article about 'space junk'. Then the author spilts the article into 3 different part and through these 3 parts he goes on and explains what space junk is, how space junk happened and the events that may have caused it to appear in space, and last why as people we should take 'space junk' a little more seriously.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11415.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"The mRNA sends a message to the nucleus, the nucleus tells the cell to make proteins, proteins are made, it repeats these steps.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15727.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,PHOTOSYNTHESISFLAGELLUM,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21378.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,2.0,The effect the background information has on Paul is to show that they are alike. Paul does not know how to read and struggles in class. By learning Mr. Leonards background information he sees that Mr. Leonard also had a hard time in school and could not read. It also helps him understands that he is not the only one and knows that Mr. Leonard understands how Paul feels.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6014.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,"Pandas and koalas are both described in this article as ''specialist'' species meaning they need very specific aspects of their lives to be fulfilled in order to survive. An example of this is the panda eating nothing but bamboo. Both the panda and koalas differ from pythons because pythons are ''generalists'', not ''specialist''. Pythons can live in a wider variety of places and eat a vast selection of prey, where as the panda and koala cannot.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26685.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"black :: In the expirement, the jar with the black lid was on average 53(DEG)C after being exposed to the lamp for ten minuets . The dark grey lid was only 48(DEG)C, 5(DEG)C less than that of the bl ack lid. The jar with a white lid was only 42(DEG)C, 11(DEG)C less than the jar with the black lid. To warm up the dog house by just the sunligh t Brandi and Jerry should paint the dog house black to increase the tempe rature within the dog house. Compared to the results with the jars, the b lack paint would absord the sunlight and warm up the dog house more than painting it white as with the jars expirement, the black lid warmed up th e jar 11(DEG)C more than the jar with the white lid.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 9439.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The word ""invasive"" generally means to take over. The species named invasive species would most likely mean an animal/pet that is generally not normal to won. It is significant to the rest of the article because owning an invasive pet is a threat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6195.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia by both being bears but different because even though they both are bears pandas ""eat almost nothing but bamboo"" and koala ""eats eacalyptus leaves almost exclusively.""",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14220.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The purpose of the membrane is to help pass over the stuff your body takes in or needs. It separates the good stuff and the bad.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 9163.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Invasive is similar to the word intruding .It's to forcefully be somewhere on da something when it is not wanted. The article refers to the reptile as invasive because they're spreading and multiplying in area where they're not wanted.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 21275.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,Paul has sympathy for Mr. Leonard because they both have problems with learning. They both have struggled with the obstacle of learning how to read. Paul reacts in a caring way when he finds out Mr. Leonard struggles with reading. Paul decides to take Mr. Leonard to the reading center to help him learn how to read. He does this because he is returning a favor. Mr. Leonard helped him come out of his shell with hurdling so it was only fitting that Paul would help him out with reading.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20614.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"The details we receive from reading the story show the reader several things about Mr. Leonard. The first point which is given to us shows us that Mr.Leonard is a strict man. However we also read that Mr.Leonard has a softer side to him which he does not show when he works as a hall monitor. However as the story progresses we continue to show that Mr.Leonard cares about what happens to Paul. At the end of the story we see the reason why Mr. Leonard cares about Paul. Mr.Leonard does not want what happened to him also happen to Paul, as Mr.Leonard flunked out of college because he could not read just like Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 8886.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significance of the word of invasive means that something takes up and soon takes over a place, they invade something.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 2846.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,a.) Based on the students data plastic type B stretched the farthest and therefor has the most stretchability. The one with the least stretchability was plastic type A. b.) One way the validity of the results could have done more trials. Another way the test could have been improved is by stretching the plastics by hand untill they break.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18719.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose felt that she did a lot for the family. She felt too stressed. Rose did a lot. she balanced having a job, school, helping take care of her sister and family. She felt weighed down also. An example of this was when rose's aunt asked her if she felt weighed down by all she did for her family. Rose did not answer her because she didn't want her family to feel bad. she thought that her aunt would also tell her mother. She didnt want anyone to feel bad or get mad at her for anything. Even at the end of the story Rose's aunt understood where she was coming from and made suggestions to help Rose's stress level.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23013.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The article 'Orbiting Junk' is organized into different sections to describe how space junk is created and the problems it creates. The autor begins by getting the readers attention. Then they go on by describing what space junk actually is. Next the autor continues by giving a story about space junk, and ends with telling the effect it has on the Earth.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 24145.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,He put the important pats first.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 10976.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,first the mRNA leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the ribosome where tRNA finds complementary bases,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5410.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,2.0,A panda in China is similar to a koala in Australia because they are both specialists. A panda eats nothing but bamboo and an Australian koala only eats eucalyptus leaves. Neither of them could survive where their food isn't supplied. They both differ from pythons because a phython is a generalist who can live in at least one-third of the United States. A python doesn't just have to live in one location.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1084.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,First I would describe the materials I am using because in their procedure they only told us their putting vinegar in them they didn't say what.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 6640.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas from China and koalas from australia are similar, because, they are specialists. ""A specialists is a Chinas panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australias koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively."" This quote supports my argument, because its shows that both animals are classified as specialists, and differ from the python which is a generalist.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15334.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,1. Prophase 2. Anaphase3. Metaphase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20830.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,that paul went to try how hurlding and Mr. leonard said to come on back tomorrow . Mr.leonard was a former track star so paul wanted to try it for him self because Mr. leonard was a good college track star.But Mr. leonard could not read and lost his schlorships and flunked college. So i guess paul got inspired by that and went and tried to to do hurlding for track,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 17433.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,She is very brave. It takes alot of courage to write a long essay like that and have to present it at a state competition. She is also brave for talking to her aunt about what is going on.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8986.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Well invasive isn't the best word to use on an animal you can have in your house, people go for words like ""domesticated"" but in the article the author says ""the term ""invasive species is unfair."" This shows that when people use the word invasive they're looking on these animals.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 15321.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",2.0,2.0,Cells use three main types of processes to move substances across the cell membrane. Type one is passive transport. This occurs when the cell dosen't use any energy to transport the materials across the cell membrane. Type two is active transport. This occurs when the cell uses energy to transport the material across the cell membrane. Type three is mamma mia here we go again my my how can i forget you,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 21680.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"After Paul hears Mr. Leonard's background story, Paul responds by asking for Mr. Leonard to follow him back to the school. Paul feels the same way as Mr. Leonard does about not being a good reader. So as a result of Mr. Leonard helping him with his confidence, Paul decides to return the favor and help Mr. Leonard learn how to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 5506.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Chinese pandas and Australian koalas are both specialist species, which are meant to survive to only one environment. They are different from pythons because pythons are a generalist species that can survive in varying environments or different food sources.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6695.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both eat certain things like plants, and python eat living creatures. "" A specialist is China's panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively."" I believe they are both different because pandas and koalas are harbivors, and pythons are carnivors.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11314.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,ExitingTravelingArrivingReturning,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5013.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas both have to stay in certain area of the world. For them to survive they need to eat food exclusive to their homeland. Pythons on the other hand can live in a variety of climates. The article states that they can be found in Asia and America.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 15473.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane are mRNA rRNA and tRNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 12434.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,1. Reproduction2. Crossing-over3.Replication4. Becoming a new cell,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 24049.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article by heading each section with a title, for example, What Is Space Junk?, Crash Course, and Little Bits, But a Big Deal. Then in each section the author gives details about the topic of the section given away in the titles. This makes understanding the information easier.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 23919.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"He organizes this article by breaking it up on diffrent topics of the same subject. For example under 'What Is Space Junk?', he talks about the malfunctions and how satellites were first used. Under 'Crash Course', he talks about satellites and their possibilities of crashing or becoming a free-orbiting satellite. But under 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal', it meantions about how tiny debris can cause serious problems.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 12359.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,the mRNA goes to the DNA and uses the tRNA to transfer the genetic code to the DNA so that it could be passed on by sexual reproduction in the sex organs or maybe even just to make more DNA cells,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18595.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"While talking to Anna, Rose, shows that she has a short temper when she rolls her eyes and then, 'She stood and stalked out of the kitchen.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26959.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"black :: The black color would make the dog house warm er for the winter, so that the dog will stay warm.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 23816.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,"The author organizes the article from information of the past of space junk to information of the present and how dangerous it can be. For example, it starts off in the first part stating, 'Over the past 52 years... Earth's atmosphere.' This shows the variety and past of spacecraft. The next part helps to better explain how dangerous satellites may become because of the risk they have of running into one another. This part leads into the present. Then, finally it shows that how serious space debris is by statating, 'Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem.' The way the article is wrote is to show the effects of space activity.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3885.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"From the data I concluded that type D plastic type holds its plastic under weight staying at 20mm, and type A plastic type was the worse dropping 2mm. They should've test the bags wit a variety of weight. Also I would've done one more trial to see if the numbers stayed constant.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26548.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: the black is going to make it a lot warmer in side the dog house,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3270.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"a). Plastic type B is the most stretchable. ^p b). The validity of the experiment would be improved if a control were added. The control in this experiment would be a plastic hanging off the table with no weight for five minutes. Also, the experiment does not specify whether to use the same amount of weight for all plastics or the specific amount thats suppose to be used. To improve the experiment the specific amount of weight should be mentioned and should be held constant for all plastics.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 8303.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,'Invasive species' is unfair. They're introduced. I think that invasive is passing judgement.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 6654.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Both pandas and koala bear are both rare animals who's diets are very basic and consistent. China's panda which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. This quote explains the rality that come with these two animals.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23361.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,2.0,"The author starts his article with an attention grabber and briefly mentions space junk. In the next article the author by giving a short history of space flight, like the how the soviet Union launched the first satellite. Next he describes how these space projects have caused problems and what they are sugesting to do.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 18548.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is caring. In the story Rose asks Anna, 'You feel okay?'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 11750.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,It enters. It grows. It breaks down. It leaves.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 18006.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"One treat that can describe Rose would be positivety. During her conversation with Anna, Rose told her that they have their part to do to help Paul finish college, then he'll get a good job and that he'll pay for Anna and her to go to college. Even during hard times Rose still told Anna that eventually things would work out and they would get to go to college as well as Paul.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 26861.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,black :: bacause its black,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 15686.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the cell membrain only let certain stuff in to the nucleus.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11394.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"There is Transporting of proteins.Also, proteins are checked and sent off. Proteins are sent back to the nucleus.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 4964.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas i Australia because they both prosper off mainly one food source and live in one part of the world unless they are taken away or raised somewhere else. A python differs from these animals because it can be found living in many places and eating many things.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6415.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The pandas and the koalas are similar but eat different foods. Pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo the koala which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. The pandas and the koala they need the same clima that the phythons have but the phythons are invades.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 17113.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that can describe Rose based on her conversation with her aunt would be that she is frustrated with the situations in her family life.One detail from the story that supports my answer is that Roses aunt asked hert if it was difficult for her, and she nodded.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23702.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The author organizies his work by the smallest problem to the biggest problem. For example in 'Orbiting Junk', It is explaining the facts about space junk. In, 'What Is Space Junk?', it's telling you about space junk. In, 'Crash Course', It is explaining about the colliding of the two satelites with each other. Then in the last section, 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal.' It is showing how that is a serious problem to the other satellites in the air.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 18538.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose is under pressure from all the work she has to complete. Rose feels that she can't squeeze in one other thing into her schedule.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 21578.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,1.0,It makes paul wan't to succeed more and make Mr.Leonard proud.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 26263.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"black :: Since black absorbs more light than the dark gray, light gray, and white, it will make the doghouse warmer. This will help because in the winter when he needs the doghouse the most, it will k eep him warm when he is inside of it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6464.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are the same because they live up in the trees and eat only leaves and plants. Also they are furry pythons are different because they eat meat and have scales.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26800.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: If the doghouse is white, it will not become as hot as if it were painted black. The jar with the black lid had an average of 53(DEG)C under the lamp. However, the jar with the white lid had an average temperature of 42(DEG)C",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 14355.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"flagellum, silluim",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11820.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,it copies itself then it translates then it transcripts,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8727.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Using the term invasive may seem to same as the correct way to describe these new reptiles species. RobRay MacInnes says, ''they're ''introduced'' I think that invasive is passing judgement'' calling the species 'invasive may be offensive to some, but in literal terms, it is correct.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 4999.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,Pandas and Koalas are both alike because they are specialists. They both consume a primary food. For example pandas' diets are mainly made up of bamboo; Koalas diets mainly consist of eucalyptus leaves. They differ from pythons because they can only live in places where their primary food source is present.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 27349.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,"dark gray :: it will be warm in the doghouse for the winte r, but not to hot for the dog in the summer.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17496.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"Rose is haveing to act more like an adult to help support the family and the wishes thay have for their younger brother. She showes that when she talks about being so busy with school, work, house chores, and then homework.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 2863.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,"This investigation shows that plastic B stretched the most but or are the plastics used in this experiment. ^P One way the investigation could be to add more trials, second, if they added more time then maybe the outcome would have changed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 20549.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,1.0,"Paul is surprised by the fact that Mr. Leonard flunked out of college, but as he is listening to him speak about his failures, he realizes that he feels the same about his grades. Paul recognizes that 'This man had given his time to help me excel at something' and decides to help Mr. Leonard with schooling because he was never good at it.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 21040.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"In 'Gifts' Paul learns background information about Mr. Leonard. Paul learns that Mr. Leonard was an award winning track star at his college, but flunked out and lost his scholarship when he had a difficult time reading. Paul responds by feeling more of a connection to Mr. Leonard. Paul then feels motivated to 'train' Mr. Leonard in reading.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6329.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China and koalas in Australia are similar because they have a specific diet and are not dangerous to humans. They are different from pythons because pythons can eat other reptiles and are dangerous to humans.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 23347.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,"The author uses a hook to get the reader interested. Then they tell about what space junk actually is for people who don't know. They also tell how that space junk is created. Finally, in the section titled, 'Little Bits, But a Big Deal,' they emphasize that even though most space junk is only tiny peices, it is a serious problem and can cause a lot of issues.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 5354.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they're both specialists. Pythons are generalists, pandas and koalas eat only one thing. Meanwhile pythons have a variety of things to eat from.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 11807.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,transcriptionreplicationtranslation,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 15598.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"translocation, inversion, deletion",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 182.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"First, you would need to know exactly how much vinegar to pour into each of the identical containers. You would also need to know what the size and material the container is made out of. Lastly, they should tell you where to leave the containers such as in the sun, in a dry, cold place etc.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 17170.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,1.0,"One trait about rose is that she is very helpful. When Aunt Kolab asks her if she feels weighed down by what all that rose does to help the family, but she can't say the truth because she is afraid that Aunt Kolab will tell mother.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 23944.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",0.0,0.0,allright.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 11747.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"First the mRNA leaves the nucleus, than the mRNA goes to the cell membrane, next the mRNA will multiply in the cell membrane than the mRNA will start to go to the nucleus and start all over again.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 683.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,How much vinegar is needed in each dish. What is the sample material. And how do you determine the mass.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 5367.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas in china are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialists, but they are both not similar to pythons because pythons are generalists. According to the author, ""A generalist is a python, a specialist is china's panda or Australia's koala bears "". In other words, pandas and koalas are both specialists, but pythons are generalists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8465.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The word invasive is illistrated in the article by making pythons seem that they would be invading new lands. If they were moved from their native location. This is shown in paragraph 6 stating that animals from Fiji and Madagascar should not be in the US.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 20215.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",1.0,1.0,When Paul finds this information it leads him to feel a connection with Mr. Leonard. Paul knows that this man understands the feelings of embarrassment that Paul has during school or when he is trying to read.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 24072.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,2.0,"the author starts out as if it's going to be a good story. Then the author goes into how dangrous the 'orbiting junk' can be. Under ' What is Space Junk' they tell you 'over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecrafts' have been launched into space. In ' Crash Course' the author tells you ' with no controls, dead satellites ru n the riskk of colliding with eachother' Last but not least in ' Little Bits, But a Big Deal' the author tells you that 'scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9375.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive in this article most likely was being used to say reptiles as pets in the U.S. are either gross, not night or even unwanted. ''Even the tern invasive species is unfair'' says MacInnes. MacInnes believes that reptiles do have the right to be in households throughout the U.S, even if many believe snakes and lizards are invasive.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 17559.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is stressed throughout the story. When she wakes from her dream, and Aunt Kolab comes into the room, Rose feels she needs to talk about what is going on in her mind. When asked if she feels weighed down by what she is doing for the family, she answers yes.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 6556.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because they both only need one type for survival bamboo for pandas and eucalyptus leaves for koalas on the other hand pythons can survived way easier, all they need is a good climate.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 5994.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"Pandas and koalas are both similar when it come to eating almost nothing. And when it come to where they have to live so they won't die. They both are very different to pythons because pythons can live anywere for example arid, rainy, sunny places on like pandas and koalas.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 8718.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The word invasive basically means harmful because in paragraph 9 the author mentios ""Biologist however, say that invasive species unchecked by natural predators are major threats to biodiversity"". If they are such a threat to biodiversity which means they are capable of hurting other animals, then they are capable of harming humans too.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12407.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Antaphaseinterphasemetaphaseprophase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 24260.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,The author puts the information into categories.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 9745.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The significance of the word invasive in this article is that when you hear invasive you think of something bad invading a space where it not wanted but others try to say they are not in away that they are introduced to the area.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 23692.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,1.0,he organize by history first.Then tell about the course they take.Then its about trash in space.Last it give you information about space pollution.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3862.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,3.0,"a) Plastic type B has the most stretchability with a difference of 2 to 3 mm with type D that has the second most stretchability followed by type C with a difference of 10-8mm with type B, and type A with a difference of 4-1mm with type B. b) He should have specified the total weight of the weighs and clamp he used to stretch the plastics. It also could have measured all dimensions length, width, heights of the plastic types rather than just the length.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15064.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",1.0,0.0,Osmosis allows water to move freely around inside and outside the membrane of the cell. Diffusion allows wastes to exit the ceels throught selected pores in its membrane. The lipids and proteins aloow any nutrient to go through the surface of the cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 5778.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"Panda's in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both only eat one type of food. It says ""panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively."" They differ from pythons because pythons eat a variety of different animals.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 26728.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,dark gray :: it wwould make the dog house a good temperatu re,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 1651.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,After reading the group procedure I would add what the four different samples were for step 3 I would use a example like price marble into one container and label it made so other would be able to make clearly see the steps I took after step ca I would add determine the difference between the ending mass and the starting mass record the difference in mass other information i would are: 1) how to determine the mass and 2)how much vinegar to pour.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 3211.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,a) My conclusion according to the data would be that plastic B stretched the most. ^p B) Some ways the students could improve their experiment is if they said how much weights was on the plastics. Also they should of not have done the second trial exactly the same as the first cause there would be no difference so the data should be the same as the first because the second trial was supposed to be done exactly the same as the first.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 1148.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"The replicability isn't very good because there are rather vague directions one improvement would be to measure ad how many milliliters of vinegar would be poured into each container so the amount of vinegar can be a controlled variable, like 100ml per container. Also, the procedure needs to state the temperature at which the containers at for 24 hours at, so the repelilicn can have the same temperature. Also, there should be a certain amount of time to rinse the samples with distilled water, such as 10 seconds each so the samples have been equally rinsed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 15597.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,One way to control the movement of substances arcoss the membrane is the stomata. This controls how much materials go into and out of the cell by opening and closing. Another way to control the movement is by diffusion. Some water goes into the cell while other go away. cellular respiration also helps the movment of substances.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 901.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,2.0,"I would need to know how much vinegar was used. I would also need to know what conditions the container was left in when it was left for 24 hours. Lastly, I would need to know more specifics about the sample materials such as what type of wood or plastic was used.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 14080.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Cells choose what to let in.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 3541.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,2.0,Based on the students results the polymer plastic that was able to stretch the most was plastic B. This student could have improved the validity of the results by finding out the averages of how far each plastic was able to stretch. He could have also noted in his procedure that all the weights most weigh the same so it could be constant. These changes would have made the experiment better and make the results more valid.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 3162.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",3.0,3.0,"a. Based on the student data, plastic type B stretched the most. Plastic type stretch 22 and 23 mm. ^p b. The student could have been more specific about the amount of weights to add.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 14962.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cell controls the movement of substances around the membrane by controling it,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 17146.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,Rose can handle pressure quite well. Although she was under enormous self-enflicted pressure she still manged to emerge with an essay topic.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 27585.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,light gray :: This color will affect the doghouse for the b est. The darker color keeps in heat but sometimes heat isn't always good. I found a compromise that can keep heat in and has a somewhat high air t emperature but won't be to hot for the dog.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3424.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"After reading the recorded data from the investigation I can conclude that out of plastics A,B,C, and D plastic A and B both increased in milemeters opposed to C which decreased after the second trial while plastic D stayed the same during both trials. One way the student could have improved the experimental design would be by leaving the the clamps on the plastic for longer that 5 minutes, another would be to perform a third trial.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 18427.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is a very smart person who thinks of things differently than others. This is shown in paragraphs 10 and 11 when Anna says that money isn't everything, and Rose says only if you already have everything. Most people wouldn't think of the situation in that way.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 18338.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,Rose is a caring girl who wishes to not hurt her aunt's feelings. In the conversation they had at the end of the story Rose's aunt asked her if she felt weighed by helping the family. Rose didn't answer the question because she felt she would hurt her aunts feelings.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 18173.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is really trying not to let her feelings show. 'Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 18709.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"One trait that describes Rose would be stressed. In the story she has to work at a resturant, help her aunt with supper, and do homework. The story also tells me that she would have to 'squeeze' in writing a paper. Telling me that she is pushed for time. Showing that she is stressed.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 14537.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,they use their tail for movement.proteinsnucleus,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 20087.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,1.0,Paul was always the last one picked in gym. He then background checked Mr.Leonard and found that he was a track sta.That inspired him to get fit and to enjoy gym even to strive to be the first picked in gym. He also was wondering why Mr.Leonard didnt tell him about his past tack star statis and soon after the confrontation Mr.Leonard was inspired to re live his past as a track star.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 6034.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar because niether one of them eat meat they both are vegetarians. Pythons eat meats and because their abilities they eat big things, cleans, ant-eaters, stuff like that not to mention pythons forge and attributes.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 14833.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,the use their cytoplasm to controll where things move.They use there cell walls to keep unwanted organisms out.They use tunnels to let the wanted organisms to get in.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 11384.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"the nuclius,the memebrans and organells",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5854.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"The China's panda and australia's koala bear are both specialists. They both eat a specific food. The panda eats almost nothing but panda. And bear ""eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively."" The python is a generalist which means it can adapt to different types of food; that also makes the python less stable i like the specialists.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 6102.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas and koalas are similar to pythons because they both live in their own places. In the text it said ""generalist can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space and China's panda or Australia's koala"". They are different because pythons live anywhere with technology where as China pandas and Australia koala bears live in their natural habitat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 18082.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose trys to be adult as she can be and has so much wieght on her shoulders she isn't sure what to do but she still trys. I think she has adult traits to her, she is willing to try and help her brother get a good job as well as talk to her aunt about her need for help.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 12710.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,umm.mRNA leaves the nuclues.dna returns to nucleus.ribosomes appear.they make the proteins.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5137.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,1.0,"Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialist and eat almost the same thing everyday. Pythons are different from the both of them because they are generalist. ""A generalist is a raccoon, python.."" ""A specialist is China's panda,.. or Australia's koala.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20045.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,when paul found out about mr.leonard background he was shocked to knew that he was a track star that went to college but flunked out of it because he wasnt able to read and their was no one to help him.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12722.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 27436.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: Assuming that the location of the doghouse ha s a warm climate, the white paint color will be more likely to keep the t emperature of the air inside the doghouse at a cooler, or lower, temperat ure. This can be said because the white paint color, on average, made the air inside the glass jar a temperature of 42(DEG) C, compared to 53(DEG) C for black paint, 48(DEG) C for dark gray paint, and 45(DEG) C for light gr ay paint. It is vital that the doghouse maintains a low temperature so th at the dog, that stays inside the doghouse, doesn't overheat.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 27112.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,white :: it will make the avreag tempecher go down by 11 degrees,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 11069.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA leads to tRNA and rRNA and then the final step which is either translocation or translation.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 1043.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",3.0,3.0,"The additional information needed would be: the exact amount of vinegar that is poured into each cup. You would also need to know a specific type of container to put the sample in. Lastly, you may need to know that the samples are marble, limestone, wood and plastic.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 11781.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,they make a copy of the DNA and then they replicate it and then translate it.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 14591.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"Three processes used by cells to control the movement are the cell membrane, the cell wall, and the cell nucleous.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 14723.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances are;1.Lipids2.Mitochondria,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23913.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,He grabs the reader's attiention in the introduction then explains what space junk is then how it gets to be junk in space. The author then shows the big deal in space junk and why it should be solved.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 17836.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"assuring, 'We have our part to do to help paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and hel'll pay for you and me to go to college.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 15715.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,The cellular membrane stops unwanted materials from getting into the cell. The nucleus decides what it wants inside of the cell.The cytoplasm slows untwanted materials so they can be killed.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 23393.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",1.0,0.0,The author tells you about what the satalites do and how they orbit the earth. He also tells you about the junk that is left in space.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 3207.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",2.0,3.0,"a) Based on the students data, plastic type A had the strongest resistance against weight and therefore makes it stronger than the rest because plastic A stretched 10-12mm while plastic B stretched 22-23mm. ^p b) The students should have had the same size plastic strips for each type. A third and an averaged measurement for each plastic would make the data even more valid.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 15465.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,Endocytosis- The movement of large amounts of materials into the cell with the use of energy.Exocytosis- The movement of large amounts of materials out of the cell with the use of energy.Materials also move down across the concentration gradient from high density to low density without the use of energy in a cell.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 26880.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",1.0,1.0,black :: black would affect the doghouse because if it was to hot the dog wouldnt have know where to go but the doghouse the the dog house would be extremely hot,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 17884.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",2.0,2.0,"Rose is willing to work for her family and do anything for them. For example after she got done talking to her Aunt Kolab she thought to herself, 'Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't.' This shows she is atleast giving it a shot. Also another point that shows that Rose will do anything for her family is when she was talking to her sister, Anna. Anna said, 'Money isn't everything.' Rose said, 'Only if you already have everything.' This shows that Rose is willing to sacrifice what she wants to do, in order to make her family's needs.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8184.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"When the author uses the word invasive in the article they are talking about how these reptiles are behaving.For example they talk a lot about pythons , various snakes that are very invasive.They mention several times how pythons are being found all over Florida especially in the Everglades.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 14908.0,6,"List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane. Rubric for Cell Membrane Key Elements: * Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across. * Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. * Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. * Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell. * Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient. * Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis. * Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis. * Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell.",0.0,0.0,"THE INTERPHASE, ANAPHASE AND TELAPHASE.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html, 6080.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,The pandas in China are similar to the koalas in Australia because they are both specialist animals. They also only eat one thing. That one thing for pandas is bamboo while the koala bears eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. They are different from pythons because they are not pets.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 20766.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"Paul was curious as to why Mr.Leonard had never mentioned of his running past. He seemed proud of him that he had accomplished something so great and had something to his name. When Paul found out the reasoning that Mr.Leonard had for what happened, he felt for him. Paul knew exactly how Mr.Leonard felt, the embarrasment, the lack of knowledge while everyone else had the answer, he could truly relate to him. It occured to Paul, that in the same way Mr.Leonard had approached him, and helped him out with athletics and doing something for himself, he was gonna help Mr.Leonard do the same. Paul wanted to be able to offer his services to him by helping him improve his reading skills. And while helping him, it would also improve Paul's reading skills.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 1353.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",1.0,1.0,"You would have to see what is the amount of rain. Also , need all the measurements of the vinegar.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 9738.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,The word invasive is significant to the article because it means that someone's pet can be a threat to someone else beause the pet may be to dangerous to have as a pet.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 18689.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"ROSE IS DOUBTFUL, ESPECIALLY BY HER SARCASTIC REMARKS TOWARD,HER SISTER, ANNA SAYING,'ONLY IF YOU ALREADY HAVE EVERYTHING.'",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8347.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,"The significance of the word ""invasive"" in this article is that it is describing the pythons and reptiles under this category. In this article, MacInnes feels that the word ""invasive species"" is unfair and not right. He feels these species are ""introduced"" not invasive. The term invasive is referring to the reptiles and snakes as dangerous and new to this area.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 18164.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",1.0,0.0,She is trying to find a way to help her family. She needs help because she feels gilty for something she couldn't stop.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 3431.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"Conclusions drawn from this experiment is that plastic type D had stretched the most and is most flexible. While plastic type A had stretched the least and is the least flexible. The student could have stated what the types of plastic were though. So instead of seperating them by letters, who'd know exactly what they are. He should of also said how heavy the weights would be and made sure they were all kept the same weight.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 20958.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,The background information that Paul learns about Mr. Leonard makes Mr. Leonard feel sad and kind of embarrassed. For example 'The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well-feelings of embarassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew',https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 18178.0,7,"Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item Crossing Over Rose's head jerked up from her chest. ""Oh no,"" she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion. The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework. When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? ""I'm insane,"" she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her. Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes. ""Anna,"" Rose said. ""What's wrong? You feel okay?"" ""I'm fine,"" her sister said. ""I just had another bad dream."" ""I fell asleep working on my essay,"" Rose said. Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. ""Mama's not home yet, is she."" It wasn't a question. ""I hate how late she has to work."" Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. ""I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."" ""It's only been four months,"" Rose said as gently as she could. ""He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."" Anna glared at Rose. ""Money isn't everything."" ""Only if you already have everything,"" Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. ""We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."" Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. ""You sound just like Mama."" She stood and stalked out of the kitchen. By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come. In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands. Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in. Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen. ""Good morning, Rose,"" her aunt said. Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, ""Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"" Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother. ""In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal,"" her aunt said. ""But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"" Rose nodded. ""Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you."" Her aunt's face lit up. ""Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."" Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing. Prompt—Trait of Rose Item Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer.",0.0,0.0,"Rose is trustworthy, she listens to what people say and believes that everything will work out in the end. In her conversation with Anna she repeated what her mom said would happen after her brother gets out of college. Showing just how much she trusts them.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html, 8880.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"I think the word ""invasive"" means a different animal.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 12582.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,Once mRNA leaves the nucleus RNA transcription occurs. Then RNA translation occurs. After this DNA can be made so DNA replication occurs. Then proteins combine with nucleic acids to make DNA sequences for the new DNA.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 5033.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas and koalas are specilist species because they rely on stability to live while the pythons is a generalist species that can survive in multiple places.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 24488.0,9,"Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item Orbiting Junk Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor! It's a . . . tool bag? Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This ""space junk"" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe. What Is Space Junk? In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion. Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite ""dies"" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit. Crash Course With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space. It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS). Little Bits, But a Big Deal So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash? Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space. Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact. Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution. Prompt—Organization of Article Item How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article.",2.0,1.0,"The author organizes the article very effectively. The article's introduction is very simple, but provides a small sense of suspense and expectation. The reader knows where the article is headed, but isn't quite sure of the minute details. The author then switches to a more serious tone to convey the facts and statistics, trying to prove a point. The middle paragraphs were organized effectively to provide background information to the problem at hand. The author then closes with informing the reader of how the problem is being dealt with, and how hard it is to deal with.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html, 10983.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 3284.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",0.0,0.0,"a. In conclusion, after five minutes the plastic types were stretched longer for plastics A and B. Plastic c decreased in trial 2, and plastic d stayed the same.^p b. Two ways, the student could have improved the experiment are: 1. Added or decreased the weights amount in trial 2.2. let the weights hang for longer/shorter amount of time.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 8797.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",0.0,0.0,"The significaren in the word invasive is their introduced. In the story it says ""Invasive species"" is passing judement.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 5044.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",2.0,1.0,"Koalas and pandas are both similar in each other because they both require exclusive and specific habitats to survive. For instance, the Australian koala's diet consist strictly of eucalyptus leaves, as well as the Chinese panda bear which survives off bamboo. These two in comparen to the pythons which can survive in any environment that is warm.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg 1226.0,1,"A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation. Procedure: 1. Determine the mass of four different samples. 2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers. 3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container. 4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water. 5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes. 6. Determine the mass of each sample. The students' data are recorded in the table below. Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g) Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4 Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3 Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0 Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1 After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information.",2.0,2.0,"In order to replicate this experiment you would need to know how much vinegar would be added to each tube. The group also need to specify what the ""samples"" are. Also they never put a step in to weigh the marble before the experiment/procedure was over.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html, 12059.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,mRNA takes proteins to rRNAsends copies to tRNAdepulicates,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 20358.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",0.0,0.0,"The effect on paul it had, was a choice we didnt know Mr. Leonard had when he was in college. After paul saw that he had been a track star in college, but also fluncked out because he couldnt read. He want to make him proud so he started reading as much as he could, and did track and field for him as a sport at his school. Mr. Leonard was embarresed about what he did in high school but Paul wasnt",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 12661.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",0.0,0.0,"Anaphase,intrphase,metaphase,and prophase are the four steps needed to for the synthesis.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 21352.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"The background information Paul gets on Mr. Leonard motivates paul to be a better track runner. Because Paul, like Mr. Leonard, can not read very well and doesn't want to end up dropping out of college like Mr. Leonard did.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 20539.0,8,"Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item Gifts I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. ""Move along, people, move along!"" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied. I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell. ""Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?"" he asked, arms folded across his chest. ""Learning center,"" I muttered, showing him my hall pass. ""Why?"" he asked from behind a hard stare. ""Why?"" I answered automatically, ""I can't read."" His gaze softened. ""Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."" For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school. ""Nothing,"" I answered. ""Just some homework."" ""Meet me in the gym. 2:30."" Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed. When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. ""None of this appeals to you?"" he asked. I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school. ""Follow me,"" he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one. ""Know what that thing is called?"" he asked. ""A hurdle,"" I answered. ""Know what to do with it?"" he questioned. ""You jump it,"" I replied. ""Well?"" he responded. ""On your way then."" It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap. ""Not a bad first effort,"" commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in. ""That was terrible,"" I gasped. ""You'll do better next time,"" he responded. ""Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."" ""Right,"" I panted. Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, ""Say, what's your name?"" ""Paul."" It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week. And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. ""Open your stride!"" ""Pump your arms!"" ""Lean, . . . NOW!"" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach. ""How'd you get so fast, son?"" he asked. ""Well, I've been training,"" I replied. ""Someone's helping me."" ""Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"" I nodded. The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website. ""Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"" The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team. ""Absolutely,"" he replied with a grin. ""A little competition will only help."" I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. ""Why didn't you tell me about this?"" He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page. ""I looked good back then, didn't I?"" he chuckled. I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. ""You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."" ""I remember,"" he said solemnly. ""Best race of my life."" ""Well, what happened after that?"" I pressed. Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke. ""I was a good athlete,"" he said softly, ""but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard."" His voice trailed off. ""But you went to college,"" I said. ""Things were different back then,"" he replied. ""The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."" The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him. ""C'mon, Mr. Leonard,"" I said, walking back toward school. ""It's time to start your training."" Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story.",2.0,2.0,"When Paul learns that Mr. Leonard was a star track and field athlete in college he becomes confused as to why Mr. Leonard kept it from him. Mr. Leonard then went on to explain that he had difficulty reading and flunked out of college. Paul felt empathetic because he had the same problem with school. Realizing that Mr. Leonard had helped Paul excel at something, Paul decided to start 'training' Mr. Leonard how to read.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html, 10985.0,5,"Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis. Rubric for Protein Synthesis Key Elements: * mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore. * mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum. * mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA). * tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA. * The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids. * A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA. * Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation). * Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination).",1.0,1.0,"The mRNA trvales through the cytoplasm, then enters the ribosome, then the ribosome decodes the amino acids, and then the mRNA leaves the ribosome and the ribosome makes more of that codon.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html, 8486.0,4,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article, Prompt—Invasive Species Item Explain the significance of the word ""invasive"" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,0.0,"The word ""invasive"" is significant to the rest of the article because it talks about the animals ""invading"" their environment. Its not invading its introduced, the animal is just seeing what its like.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html, 3035.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,"A. In conclusion based on the students data, T1's plastics where a little bit weaker the T2's. ^p (B) One way a student could have im proved the experiment is by adding more length to the plastics. ^p Another way to improve the experiment is by trying more trials.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 27098.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",0.0,0.0,dark gray :: I think it would be a good color for the dog house,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 3614.0,2,"A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability. Procedure: 1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length. 2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table. 3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample. 4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes. 5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types. 6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples. 7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1). The student recorded the following data from the investigation. Data Table: Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2 A | 10 | 12 B | 22 | 23 C | 14 | 13 D | 20 | 20 1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data. 2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results.",1.0,1.0,Student will wrap up an conclusion after plastic type & the amount it strech is done. The whole experiment was based on how far each plastic streched and which one streched the first and also the one whiched streched the least. ^p They could have improved it by streching each plastic three seperate trial and the answer would have been more clear.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html, 26250.0,10,"Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature. Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp? Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy. Materials: - glass jar - lamp - four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white - thermometer - meterstick - stopwatch Procedure: 1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar. 2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C. 3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp. 4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1. 5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature. 6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3. 7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids. 8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color. Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar: Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C) Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53 Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45 White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42 Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial. Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to: - Choose a paint color. - Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse. - Use results from the experiment to support your description. Choose a color: Black Dark gray Light gray White ",2.0,2.0,"white :: White would cause the inside of the doghouse to not be so hot on the inside so the dog can stay cooler because with th e white lid, the inside of the jar was the coldest out of all the other j ars.",https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt_picture.jpg 6123.0,3,"Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008 One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species BY JOEL ACHENBACH BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species. ""It is a very effective threat display,"" Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. ""A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."" Or simply die of fright. Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk. But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild. Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar. Even the term ""invasive species"" is unfair, he said. ""They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."" Of the pythons, he said: ""To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."" Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere? Complications ensue. Snakes Alive! Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument ""ridiculous."" The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python. No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades. Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth. Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look. This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac. The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed. ""When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?"" he asked. ""Ecophobia is playing a role,"" said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. ""Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."" The Experiment What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans. A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively. Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience. ""We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate,"" he said. ""Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"" He added: ""What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."" Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said. ""The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control,"" Snow added. ""It's an experiment run amok."" Prompt—Koala/Panda Item Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article.",1.0,1.0,Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they are both specialist. They eat the same things. They won't be able to live in any other climate as pythons are generalist which can adapt anywhere.,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html,https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/resolve/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_picture.jpg