Figure K.7 shows motion when the velocity is perpendicular to the B-field.

Question: In Figure K.7, what is the velocity's orientation relative to the B-field?


FIGURE K.8 shows helical motion when the velocity is not perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Question: In Figure K.8, what kind of motion is shown when the velocity is not perpendicular to the magnetic field?


Figure K.9 shows auroral light produced as ions and electrons follow spiraling motion along magnetic field lines into the atmosphere.

Question: In Figure K.9, what kind of motion do ions and electrons follow into the atmosphere?


Figure K.8 shows the helical motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field.

Question: In Figure K.8, what motion is shown for a charged particle in a magnetic field?


Figure K.11 shows that a long, straight current-carrying wire produces circular magnetic field loops.

Question: What does Figure K.11 show a long, straight current-carrying wire produces?


Figure K.12 uses an infinitesimal section of that wire to analyze the magnetic force a current-carrying wire experiences in a magnetic field.

Question: What does Figure K.12 use an infinitesimal section of the wire to analyze?


Figure K.15 shows the motor loop whose current is reversed to maintain continual torque.

Question: What does Figure K.15 show about the motor loop's current?


Figure K.16 shows a rectangular loop that experiences forces and torques in a uniform magnetic field.

Question: What does Figure K.16 show happening to the rectangular loop in a uniform magnetic field?


Figure K.19 shows a Bainbridge mass spectrometer that separates ions by charge-to-mass ratio.

Question: What does Figure K.19 do with ions?


Figure K.20 shows a cyclotron that accelerates charges to very high energies.

Question: What does Figure K.20 do with charges?


Figure L.11 determines the magnetic field at point P along the axis of a current-carrying loop.

Question: What does Figure L.11 determine at point P?


Figure L.12 shows that this axial field corresponds to the field line that follows the loop’s axis.

Question: What does Figure L.12 show about the axial field?


in Figure L.23, partial alignment is equivalent to a surface current

Question: In Figure L.23, what is partial alignment equivalent to?


in Figure L.27, partial alignment is equivalent to a surface current

Question: In Figure L.27, what is partial alignment equivalent to?


Figure L.25 shows the behavior for an initially unmagnetized piece of iron.

Question: What behavior does Figure L.25 show for the relationship between the total field B in iron and the applied field B0?


Figure L.26 shows how B behaves when B0 is varied over positive and negative values.

Question: What behavior does Figure L.26 show for the relationship between the total field B in iron and the applied field B0?


Figure L.23 is cited as a paramagnetic case analogous to partial alignment being equivalent to a current flowing around the surface.

Question: What magnetic case is Figure L.23 cited as?


Figure L.24 shows randomly oriented ferromagnetic domains producing no net magnetic dipole moment.

Question: What domain orientation is shown in Figure L.24?


Question: What apparatus is referenced in Figure M.12?


Question: What does Figure M.13 show?


Question: What principle is illustrated by the moving rod in Figure M.14?


Question: What principle does Figure M.15 apply on a much larger scale?


Figure M.23 shows magnetic damping improving the sensitivity of a laboratory balance.

Question: What application is shown in Figure M.23 for magnetic damping?


Figure M.24 shows magnets separating metals from other materials in recycling.

Question: What application is shown in Figure M.24 for magnets in recycling?


Figure M.28 shows a generator producing sinusoidally varying emf by rotating a coil in a magnetic field.

Question: What kind of emf is produced in Figure M.28?


Figure M.32 shows a motor generating a back emf that opposes the input emf according to Lenz’s law.

Question: What kind of emf is generated in Figure M.32?


Figure O.2 shows the time-varying voltage and current for ac power.

Question: What does Figure O.2 show for ac power?


Figure O.3 shows the simple circuit with an ac voltage source used to examine how voltage and current vary across a resistor.

Question: What does Figure O.3 show to examine how voltage and current vary across a resistor?


Question: What is introduced in Figure O.12?


Figure O.13 shows the vector sum yielding a resultant phasor with amplitude V_0 at angle φ relative to the v_R(t) or i(t) phasor.

Question: What does Figure O.13 show as the result of the vector sum?


Figure O.17 depicts the current amplitude reaching its maximum at the resonant frequency.

Question: In Figure O.17, what reaches its maximum at the resonant frequency in an RLC circuit?


Figure O.18 depicts the average power transferred from the ac generator peaking at the resonant frequency.

Question: In Figure O.18, what peaks at the resonant frequency in an RLC circuit?


Figure P.6 defines the rectangular-box Gaussian surface.

Question: What does Figure P.6 define?


Figure P.7 shows the path used to apply Faraday’s law over Side 3 of that same surface.

Question: What does Figure P.7 show for Side 3?


Figure P.10 identifies wave amplitude as determining the wave energy.

Question: In Figure P.10, what determines the wave energy?


Figure P.11 shows that this energy is carried through a cross-sectional plane by a cylinder of length cΔt during the interval Δt.

Question: In Figure P.11, how is the energy carried through a cross-sectional plane during Δt?


In Figure P.7, the electric and magnetic fields combine to establish that S points along propagation.

Question: In Figure P.7, what does the combination of the electric and magnetic fields establish along the propagation direction?


In Figure P.13, the electric and magnetic fields combine to produce a force on highly damped electrons in the propagation direction.

Question: In Figure P.13, what does the combination of the electric and magnetic fields produce in the propagation direction?


Question: What form is shown in Figure P.8?


Figure P.10 identifies the electromagnetic wave amplitude as the maximum electric and magnetic field strength, which determines the wave's energy.

Question: In Figure P.10, what is the electromagnetic wave amplitude identified as?


Figure B.3 describes pressure rising when a tire can no longer expand much.

Question: In Figure B.3, when does pressure rise?


Figure B.4 shows Boyle’s law that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature.

Question: In Figure B.4, how are pressure and volume related at constant temperature?


Figure C.6 compares different quasi-static paths between A and C.

Question: What does Figure C.6 compare about the paths between A and C?


Figure C.7 shows repeated transitions from A to B along different thermodynamic paths.

Question: What does Figure C.7 show about transitions from A to B?


Figure C.6 shows isothermal expansion as paths AC and ABC from volume V1 to V2.

Question: In Figure C.6, what paths show the isothermal expansion from volume V1 to V2?


Figure C.15 shows isothermal expansion as the dashed curve on a pV diagram where T and therefore pV remain constant.

Question: In Figure C.15, what curve shows the isothermal expansion on a pV diagram?


Figure D.11 shows the four processes of the Carnot cycle.

Question: What does Figure D.11 show about the Carnot cycle?


Figure D.12 shows the ideal gas thermodynamic path MNOP for the Carnot cycle processes.

Question: What does Figure D.12 show about the Carnot cycle?


Figure E.7 depicts electrons as a negatively charged cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Question: In Figure E.7, how are the electrons depicted relative to the nucleus?


Figure E.8 specifies that the nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.

Question: In Figure E.8, what is the nucleus composed of?


Figure E.17 shows small charged objects arranged in space.

Question: What does Figure E.17 show arranged in space?


Figure E.18 shows the displacement vectors r_i from each source charge to the test point P used to calculate the net electric field or force by vector summation.

Question: What does Figure E.18 show from each source charge to the test point P?


Figure E.20 depicts the same two-charge electric-field setup.

Question: What setup is depicted in Figure E.20?


Figure E.21 shows that by symmetry the horizontal (x)-components of the electric field cancel at a point a distance z above the midpoint between the charges.

Question: What does Figure E.21 show happens to the horizontal (x)-components of the electric field at a point a distance z above the midpoint between the charges?


Question: In Figure E.28, how is the dipole vector field information represented?


by connecting the vectors into continuous field lines and curves

Question: In Figure E.29, how is the same dipole vector field information represented?


an external electric field induces a dipole moment aligned parallel to the field

Question: What does Figure E.33 show an external electric field induces?


it decreases the total electric field inside the dipole charges

Question: What happens in Figure E.34 once dipole alignment is complete?


When a closed surface contains no charge, electric field lines that enter must also exit, so the net electric flux through the surface is zero.

Question: In Figure F.7, what is the net electric flux through a closed surface containing no charge?


Question: In Figure F.13, what expression is given for the electric flux from charge q through a closed spherical surface?


Every field line crossing the surface at R1 also crosses the surface at R2.

Question: In Figure F.14, what fact explains why the electric flux is independent of the sphere's radius?


Figure F.21 introduces the spherically symmetrical charge distributions.

Question: What does Figure F.21 introduce?


Figure F.22 shows the corresponding Gaussian-surface geometry, with the electric field and area vectors both directed radially outward for a positive net charge.

Question: What geometry does Figure F.22 show for the charge distributions?


Figure F.23 shows the uniformly charged sphere.

Question: What is shown in Figure F.23?


Figure F.24 plots the electric field as a function of distance from the sphere's center.

Question: What is plotted in Figure F.24?


Question: What is shown in Figure F.23?


representative field vectors at radial positions r = R/2, r = R, and r = 2R

Question: What does Figure F.25 display relative to the sphere?


Figure F.24 shows how the field magnitude varies with radial distance from the center.

Question: What does Figure F.24 show about the electric field of a uniformly charged sphere?


Figure F.25 shows representative field values at the specific radial positions r = R/2, r = R, and r = 2R.

Question: What does Figure F.25 show about the electric field of a uniformly charged sphere?


Figure F.30 shows a cylindrical Gaussian surface of radius r > R for a point outside the shell.

Question: In Figure F.30, what is the radius condition of the cylindrical Gaussian surface relative to R?


Figure F.31 shows a cylindrical Gaussian surface of radius r < R for a point inside the shell.

Question: In Figure F.31, what is the radius condition of the cylindrical Gaussian surface relative to R?


Figure F.32 establishes by symmetry that the electric field of the infinite plane depends only on distance from the plane and points perpendicular to it.

Question: In Figure F.32, what does symmetry establish about the electric field of the infinite plane?


Figure F.33 applies that field direction by showing a box-shaped Gaussian surface with shaded sides I and II parallel to the plane.

Question: In Figure F.33, how is that field direction applied?


Figure F.34 shows the charge separation in the metal induced by a nearby positive charge.

Question: What does Figure F.34 show in the metal induced by a nearby positive charge?


Figure F.35 shows that this polarization produces an induced electric field that combines with the external field.

Question: What does Figure F.35 show polarization produces?


Figure F.39 derives the surface field relation E = σ/ε0 with a Gaussian cylinder at a conductor’s surface.

Question: What relation does Figure F.39 derive using a Gaussian cylinder at a conductor’s surface?


Figure F.40 applies that same relation to find the electric field outside an infinite conducting plate with surface charge density σ on each face.

Question: What relation does Figure F.40 apply to find the electric field outside an infinite conducting plate?


Question: What electric field condition does Figure F.42 show for r < R?


a centered point charge does not have zero electric field within the sphere's occupied region

Question: What does Figure F.43 show about the electric field within the sphere's occupied region?


Figure G.35 provides an example of the parallel-plate equipotential pattern.

Question: What equipotential pattern is shown in Figure G.35?


Figure G.2 describes the parallel-plate equipotential pattern, with equipotential lines parallel to the plates and evenly spaced between them.

Question: What equipotential pattern is described in Figure G.2?


Figure G.14 depicts parallel conducting plates that establish a uniform electric field.

Question: What does Figure G.14 depict about the conducting plates and electric field?


Figure G.35 depicts parallel conducting plates that establish a uniform electric field.

Question: What does Figure G.35 depict about the conducting plates and electric field?


Figure G.30 shows an isolated positive point charge with electric field lines and corresponding equipotential lines.

Question: What charge configuration is shown in Figure G.30 with the electric field lines and equipotential lines?


Figure G.31 shows two equal and opposite charges with electric field lines and corresponding equipotential lines.

Question: What charge configuration is shown in Figure G.31 with the electric field lines and equipotential lines?


Figure G.31 shows the electric field and equipotential lines for the two equal and opposite charges.

Question: What is shown in Figure G.31 for the two equal and opposite charges?


Figure G.33 shows a three-dimensional map of the electric potential for the same two equal and opposite charges.

Question: What is shown in Figure G.33 for the same two equal and opposite charges?


For two connected conducting spheres, σ1R1 = σ2R2.

Question: What relation between surface charge density and sphere radius is stated in Figure G.39 for two connected conducting spheres?


Charge density is lower where the radius of curvature is larger and higher where curvature is greater.

Question: According to Figure G.40, where is charge density lower or higher as radius of curvature changes?


Figure H.2 depicts a capacitor with two conducting parts separated without touching.

Question: In Figure H.2, what basic capacitor arrangement is depicted?


Figure H.3 presents a parallel-plate capacitor with two identical parallel-conducting plates separated by a distance.

Question: In Figure H.3, how are the conducting plates described?


Question: In Figure H.17, what is the battery condition when the dielectric is inserted?


Question: In Figure H.22, what is the battery condition when the dielectric is inserted?


the charged capacitor whose free charge Q0 creates the external field E0

Question: What creates the external field E0 in Figure H.20?


E0 combines with the induced field Ei from surface charge Qi to produce the net field E within the dielectric

Question: What combines to produce the net field E within the dielectric in Figure H.21?


Figure I.3 shows the charge Q(t) increasing toward Q_M over time.

Question: In Figure I.3, what happens to the charge Q(t) over time?


Figure I.4 shows the corresponding current dQ/dt decreasing toward zero as time increases.

Question: In Figure I.4, what happens to the current dQ/dt as time increases?


Figure I.7 shows that forcing a free charge into a wire causes another to leave almost immediately.

Question: What happens in Figure I.7 when a free charge is forced into a wire?


Figure I.8 shows the free-electron motion through an ordinary conductor that enables rapid signal transmission.

Question: What does Figure I.8 show that enables rapid signal transmission?


Figure I.13 places a potential difference ΔV across the resistor model.

Question: What is placed across the resistor model in Figure I.13?


Figure I.15 expresses the resistance as R = ρL/A.

Question: How is the resistance expressed in Figure I.15?


free-electron collisions in an ordinary conductor transfer energy to atoms

Question: What happens in Figure I.8 that transfers energy to atoms?


that energy heats the tungsten filament of an incandescent light bulb so it glows

Question: What does the transferred energy do in Figure I.9?