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lex_fridman_podcast

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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
As part of MIT course 6S099, Artificial General Intelligence,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
I've gotten the chance to sit down with Max Tegmark.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
He is a professor here at MIT.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
He's a physicist, spent a large part of his career
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
studying the mysteries of our cosmological universe.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
But he's also studied and delved into the beneficial
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
possibilities and the existential risks
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
of artificial intelligence.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Amongst many other things, he is the cofounder
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
of the Future of Life Institute, author of two books,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
both of which I highly recommend.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
First, Our Mathematical Universe.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Second is Life 3.0.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
He's truly an out of the box thinker and a fun personality,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
so I really enjoy talking to him.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
If you'd like to see more of these videos in the future,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
please subscribe and also click the little bell icon
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
to make sure you don't miss any videos.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Also, Twitter, LinkedIn, agi.mit.edu
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
if you wanna watch other lectures
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
or conversations like this one.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Better yet, go read Max's book, Life 3.0.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Chapter seven on goals is my favorite.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
It's really where philosophy and engineering come together
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and it opens with a quote by Dostoevsky.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
The mystery of human existence lies not in just staying alive
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
but in finding something to live for.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Lastly, I believe that every failure rewards us
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
with an opportunity to learn
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and in that sense, I've been very fortunate
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
to fail in so many new and exciting ways
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and this conversation was no different.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
I've learned about something called
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
radio frequency interference, RFI, look it up.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Apparently, music and conversations
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
from local radio stations can bleed into the audio
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
that you're recording in such a way
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
that it almost completely ruins that audio.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
It's an exceptionally difficult sound source to remove.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
So, I've gotten the opportunity to learn
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
how to avoid RFI in the future during recording sessions.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
I've also gotten the opportunity to learn
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
how to use Adobe Audition and iZotope RX 6
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
to do some noise, some audio repair.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Of course, this is an exceptionally difficult noise
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
to remove.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
I am an engineer.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
I'm not an audio engineer.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Neither is anybody else in our group
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
but we did our best.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Nevertheless, I thank you for your patience
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and I hope you're still able to enjoy this conversation.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Do you think there's intelligent life
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
out there in the universe?
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
Let's open up with an easy question.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
I have a minority view here actually.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
When I give public lectures, I often ask for a show of hands
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
who thinks there's intelligent life out there somewhere else
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and almost everyone put their hands up
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and when I ask why, they'll be like,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
oh, there's so many galaxies out there, there's gotta be.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
But I'm a numbers nerd, right?
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
So when you look more carefully at it,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
it's not so clear at all.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
When we talk about our universe, first of all,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
we don't mean all of space.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
We actually mean, I don't know,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
you can throw me the universe if you want,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
it's behind you there.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
It's, we simply mean the spherical region of space
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
from which light has a time to reach us so far
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
during the 14.8 billion year,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
13.8 billion years since our Big Bang.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
There's more space here but this is what we call a universe
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
because that's all we have access to.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
So is there intelligent life here
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
that's gotten to the point of building telescopes
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
and computers?
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
My guess is no, actually.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
The probability of it happening on any given planet
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
is some number we don't know what it is.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
And what we do know is that the number can't be super high
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
because there's over a billion Earth like planets
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
in the Milky Way galaxy alone,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
many of which are billions of years older than Earth.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
And aside from some UFO believers,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
there isn't much evidence
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
that any superduran civilization has come here at all.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
And so that's the famous Fermi paradox, right?
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
And then if you work the numbers,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
what you find is that if you have no clue
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
what the probability is of getting life on a given planet,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
so it could be 10 to the minus 10, 10 to the minus 20,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
or 10 to the minus two, or any power of 10
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
is sort of equally likely
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
if you wanna be really open minded,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
that translates into it being equally likely
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
that our nearest neighbor is 10 to the 16 meters away,
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
10 to the 17 meters away, 10 to the 18.
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Max Tegmark
Life 3.0
By the time you get much less than 10 to the 16 already,
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