Question:
A CPU has a 32 KB direct mapped cache with 128-byte block size. Suppose A is a twodimensional array of size 512×512 with elements that occupy 8-bytes each. Consider the following two C code segments, P1 and P2.
P1:

for (i=0; i<512; i++) {
   for (j=0; j<512; j++) {
      x += A[i][j];
   }
}

``````C

P2:

for (i=0; i<512; i++) {
   for (j=0; j<512; j++) {
      x += A[j][i];
   }
}

``````C

P1 and P2 are executed independently with the same initial state, namely, the array A is not in the cache and i, j, x are in registers. Let the number of cache misses experienced by P1 be M1 and that for P2 be M2 .

The value of M1 is:

Choices:
- 0
- 2048
- 16384
- 262144


Question: How does the DRY principle contribute to the overall quality of code?

Choices:
- By promoting redundancy for clarity
- By ensuring code is verbose and repetitive
- By reducing redundancy and promoting code reusability
- By emphasizing the use of copy-paste techniques


Question: According to the KISS principle, what should be prioritized when designing software solutions?

Choices:
- Introducing sophisticated and complex features
- Maximizing code reusability across different projects
- Keeping solutions simple and easy to understand
- Focusing on extensive documentation for code


Question: What is the primary objective of Security Automation in the SDLC?

Choices:
- To replace human involvement in the development process
- To speed up the coding process
- To enhance the creativity of developers
- To automate security testing and ensure continuous security checks


Question: How does the DRY principle contribute to code maintainability?

Choices:
- By encouraging code duplication
- By promoting extensive comments in the code
- By reducing redundancy and making changes easier to propagate
- By emphasizing long and descriptive variable names


Question: What is the potential benefit of applying the Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) in a system?

Choices:
- Increased cohesion among interfaces
- Reduced coupling between classes
- Simplified class implementations
- Enhanced code readability


Question: Which SOLID principle promotes the idea that a class should not be forced to implement interfaces it does not use?

Choices:
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
- Open-Closed Principle (OCP)
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)


Question: According to the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP), how does the use of abstractions enhance the flexibility of a system?

Choices:
- By introducing unnecessary complexity
- By eliminating all dependencies
- By allowing easy substitution of implementations at runtime
- By promoting direct dependencies between high-level and low-level modules


Question: How does Secure Coding Standards contribute to the maintainability of software in the long term?

Choices:
- By prioritizing speed over security in coding
- By enforcing uniform coding styles across teams
- By minimizing documentation requirements
- By automating the deployment process


Question: What does the Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) aim to prevent in the design of interfaces?

Choices:
- Redundant interfaces
- Overlapping functionality in interfaces
- Dependency on interfaces
- Extensive use of multiple inheritance


Question: What is the significance of continuous integration in SDK development?

Choices:
- It automates the compilation process
- It ensures the constant availability of new features
- It allows developers to work independently
- It optimizes database performance


Question: What is the purpose of a version control system in the context of SDK development?

Choices:
- To manage different versions of software
- To control access to the SDK
- To optimize code performance
- To create user interfaces


Question: What is the role of a package manager in SDK development?

Choices:
- To manage software licenses
- To create user interfaces
- To distribute and manage software dependencies
- To optimize database performance


Question: What is the difference between an SDK and an API?

Choices:
- SDK is for mobile development, while API is for web development
- SDK includes tools and libraries, while API is a set of rules for communication
- SDK is a subset of API
- SDK and API are interchangeable terms


Question: In cross-platform mobile app development, what is the advantage of using a unified SDK?

Choices:
- Compatibility with a single programming language
- Simultaneous deployment to multiple platforms
- Enhanced security features
- Reduced development time


Question: What is the primary function of a build automation tool in an SDK?

Choices:
- To generate API documentation
- To create user interfaces
- To automate the compilation and packaging of code
- To optimize database queries


Question: How does a profiler differ from a debugger in an SDK?

Choices:
- A profiler analyzes code performance, while a debugger finds and fixes errors
- A profiler generates API documentation, while a debugger simulates network behavior
- A profiler optimizes database queries, while a debugger manages software licenses
- A profiler creates user interfaces, while a debugger converts human-readable code into machine code


Question: What is the role of an SDK in the context of microservices architecture?

Choices:
- To design user interfaces for microservices
- To automate code deployment in microservices
- To manage software licenses for microservices
- To provide tools for developing, testing, and deploying microservices


Question: What is the purpose of API gateway integration in an SDK?

Choices:
- To automate code deployment
- To optimize network communication
- To manage software licenses
- To provide a centralized entry point for accessing multiple APIs


Question: In the context of DRY, what does the term "abstraction" refer to?

Choices:
- Hiding implementation details
- Reusing code across projects
- Extracting common functionality into a separate module
- Extracting common functionality into a separate module


Question: What is the role of an SDK in facilitating the implementation of software design patterns?

Choices:
- To manage software licenses
- To optimize database queries
- To provide tools for implementing common design patterns
- To create user interfaces following design patterns


Question: How does the DRY principle contribute to the stability of code during maintenance?

Choices:
- By promoting code redundancy
- By discouraging code reusability
- By minimizing the need for changes in multiple places
- By introducing unnecessary dependencies


Question: Which principle advises that a derived class should be substitutable for its base class?

Choices:
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
- Open-Closed Principle (OCP)
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)


Question: What does IDE stand for in the context of software development?

Choices:
- Integrated Development Environment
- Interface Design Environment
- Interactive Design Experience
- Integrated Design Environment


Question: What does SOLID stand for in software design?

Choices:
- Simple, Orderly, Logical, Integrated, Decisive
- Structured, Organized, Logical, Integrated, Dynamic
- Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion
- Standard, Orderly, Logical, Integrated,


Question: Why is incorporating security early in the SDLC important?

Choices:
- It only becomes relevant in the testing phase
- It helps identify and address security issues earlier in the development process
- Security is a concern only after deployment
- It doesn't significantly impact the development process


Question: At which phase of the SDLC should security requirements be defined?

Choices:
- Design
- Coding
- Testing
- Planning


Question: What is the purpose of a Threat Modeling in the SDLC?

Choices:
- To create visually appealing software design diagrams
- To identify and prioritize potential security threats and vulnerabilities
- To automate the testing process
- To document coding conventions


Question: What is the purpose of a Code Review in the context of secure coding practices?

Choices:
- To identify and fix security vulnerabilities in the code
- To check the syntax of the code
- To estimate the time required for coding
- To create code documentation


Question: In the SDLC, what does "SDL" stand for in the term "Secure SDL"?

Choices:
- Security Design Lifecycle
- Software Development Lifecycle
- Security Development Lifecycle
- Structured Development Lifecycle


Question: How does the concept of "Secure by Design" contribute to the SDLC?

Choices:
- By focusing on aesthetics in software design
- By embedding security measures into the design phase
- By prioritizing speed over security
- By avoiding the planning phase in development


Question: What does the term "Zero Trust" mean in the context of security architecture?

Choices:
- Trusting everyone within the organization
- Trusting no one, including those inside the organization's network
- Relying solely on firewalls for security
- Trusting only external vendors


Question: How does a Security Requirements Document influence the coding phase in the SDLC?

Choices:
- By defining coding conventions
- By specifying user interface requirements
- By providing guidelines for secure coding practices
- By automating the testing process


Question: What does SDK stand for in software development?

Choices:
- Software Development Knowledge
- System Development Kit
- Software Development Kit
- System Design Knowledge


Question: Which SOLID principle states that a class should have only one reason to change?

Choices:
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
- Open-Closed Principle (OCP)
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)


Question: What is the purpose of an SDK?

Choices:
- To create virtual reality games
- To develop software applications
- To design hardware components
- To analyze data structures


Question: In mobile app development, what does the term "API" stand for?

Choices:
- Application Programming Interface
- Advanced Programming Interface
- Application Processing Interface
- Advanced Processing Interface


Question: Which programming language is commonly associated with Android app development using the Android SDK?

Choices:
- Swift
- Java
- C#
- Python


Question: Which SDK is commonly used for iOS app development?

Choices:
- Android SDK
- Xcode
- Eclipse
- Visual Studio


Question: What is the purpose of a software development framework included in an SDK?

Choices:
- To facilitate hardware development
- To provide a structure for software development
- To design user interfaces
- To optimize database performance


Question: What is the primary function of an emulator in an SDK?

Choices:
- To simulate the behavior of a real system
- To optimize code execution
- To generate random data for testing
- To automate code deployment


Question: Which SDK is commonly used for game development?

Choices:
- Unity
- Android SDK
- Xcode
- Eclipse


Question: What does YAGNI stand for in software design?

Choices:
- You Aren't Gonna Need Instructions
- You Ain't Gonna Need It
- You Are Going to Need It
- Your Application Gets No Improvements


Question: What is the primary focus of the DRY principle?

Choices:
- Ensuring code efficiency
- Avoiding code duplication
- Maximizing code complexity
- Prioritizing code readability


Question: Which principle suggests keeping code as simple as possible?

Choices:
- DRY
- YAGNI
- KISS
- SOLID


Question: Which of the following is NOT a typical component of an SDK?

Choices:
- Compiler
- Debugger
- Documentation
- Operating System


Question: What is the primary goal of integrating security into the SDLC?

Choices:
- To slow down the development process
- To eliminate the need for testing
- To ensure all features are implemented
- To identify and mitigate security risks in the software


Question: What does SDLC stand for in the context of software development?

Choices:
- System Development and Lifecycle
- Software Development and Lifecycle
- Secure Development and Lifecycle
- Systematic Development and Lifecycle


Question: In the context of software reliability, what is meant by "Fault Tolerance"?

Choices:
- The ability of the software to handle errors gracefully and continue functioning
- The capability of the software to prevent all types of faults
- The measure of the software's resistance to defects
- The process of identifying and fixing software defects


Question: What is the main disadvantage of the Waterfall model?

Choices:
- High flexibility
- Difficulty in accommodating changes
- Emphasis on user involvement
- Rapid development pace


Question: What is the main principle behind the Spiral model?

Choices:
- Iterative and incremental development
- Linear and sequential development
- Rapid prototyping
- Risk-driven development


Question: What is the primary characteristic of the Prototype model?

Choices:
- Sequential development
- Emphasis on risk management
- Quick creation of a model to visualize requirements
- Minimal documentation


Question: What is the primary goal of "Scrum" in Agile development?

Choices:
- To create comprehensive documentation
- To manage project budgets efficiently
- To foster teamwork and deliver working software iteratively
- To emphasize rapid prototyping


Question: What is the primary goal of the Deployment phase in SDLC?

Choices:
- Coding
- Fixing defects
- Delivering the software to users
- Requirement analysis


Question: Which SDLC model is characterized by short development cycles, frequent releases, and continuous customer feedback?

Choices:
- Waterfall
- Incremental
- Agile
- V-Model


Question: What is the key principle behind the Spiral model in SDLC?

Choices:
- Sequential execution of phases
- \Iterative development and risk management
- Continuous integration
- Rapid application deployment


Question: What is the role of a Project Manager in SDLC?

Choices:
- Writing code
- Testing the software
- Overseeing the entire development process
- Defining software requirements


Question: Which SDLC model is characterized by short development cycles, frequent releases, and continuous customer feedback?

Choices:
- Waterfall
- Incremental
- Agile
- V-Model


Question: Which model follows a linear and sequential approach, where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next?

Choices:
- Waterfall Model
- Spiral Model
- Agile Model
- V-Model


Question: Which testing type involves assessing the system's performance under various conditions, such as high loads or stress?

Choices:
- Unit Testing
- Performance Testing
- System Testing
- Acceptance Testing


Question: What is the purpose of a Use Case diagram in software development?

Choices:
- To represent the flow of data
- To show the interaction between system components
- To visualize user interactions with the system
- To document source code


Question: What is the difference between functional and non-functional requirements in software engineering?

Choices:
- Functional requirements define system behavior, while non-functional requirements specify system qualities.
- Functional requirements specify system qualities, while non-functional requirements define system behavior.
- Both refer to the same aspect of system requirements.
- Non-functional requirements are only applicable in hardware design.


Question: Explain the concept of "Cohesion" in software design.

Choices:
- It refers to the level of coupling between software modules.
- It measures the degree to which the elements within a module belong together.
- It describes the interaction between different software components.
- It assesses the software's ability to adapt to changing requirements.


Question: What is the significance of a test strategy in software testing?

Choices:
- It defines the scope and approach of testing
- It defines the scope and approach of testing
- It is a tool for executing test cases
- It focuses on the design of the software


Question: What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?

Choices:
- To design test cases
- To execute test cases and compare actual results with expected results
- To manage project schedules
- To analyze code complexity


Question: What is the primary purpose of a test closure report?

Choices:
- To execute test cases
- To document the testing process
- To provide a summary of completed testing activities and the current status of the project
- To evaluate the user interface


Question: What is the concept of "Test Driven Development" (TDD)?

Choices:
- Writing tests after the code is developed
- Writing tests before developing the code
- Running tests randomly during development
- Ignoring testing in the development process


Question: What is the purpose of a code review in the context of SQA?

Choices:
- To find defects in the software
- To evaluate the performance of the testing team
- To assess the design of the software
- To review the quality of the code


Question: What is the role of a Configuration Management tool in SQA?

Choices:
- To manage software development schedules
- To manage changes to the project's artifacts
- To monitor the performance of the testing team
- To execute test cases


Question: What is the purpose of the "ISO/IEC 25010" standard in the context of software quality?

Choices:
- To define software testing processes
- To define software testing processes
- To provide a framework for software quality characteristics and metrics
- To manage project schedules


Question: In the V-Model, what is the relationship between testing and development phases?

Choices:
- They are performed simultaneously
- Testing follows development
- Development follows testing
- They are independent of each other


Question: How does "Chaos Engineering" contribute to software quality?

Choices:
- By introducing chaos and failures in a controlled environment to assess system resilience
- By focusing on optimizing code for better performance
- By involving large-scale automated testing
- By delaying testing until the end of the development process


Question: What does RAD stand for in the context of software development?

Choices:
- Rapid Application Development
- Requirements Analysis and Design
- Random Application Deployment
- Resource Allocation and Development


Question: What is the main advantage of the Incremental model?

Choices:
- Low initial cost
- High flexibility for changes
- Quick project completion
- Emphasis on documentation


Question: What is the primary goal of Software Quality Assurance (SQA)?

Choices:
- Debugging
- Testing
- Quality improvement
- Code optimization


Question: What does the acronym 'ISO' stand for in the context of software quality?

Choices:
- International Software Organization
- Information Security Operations
- International Organization for Standardization
- Internal System Operations


Question: Which testing type is performed to verify if the individual units or modules of the software work as expected?

Choices:
- System testing
- Unit testing
- Integration testing
- Acceptance testing


Question: What is the purpose of a test case?

Choices:
- To find bugs in the code
- To execute the program
- To document the testing process
- To design the software


Question: Which of the following is a key principle of SQA?

Choices:
- Delay testing until the end of the development process
- Correcting defects is more costly in the later stages of development
- Testing is only the responsibility of the testing team
- Quality is solely the concern of the development team


Question: Which testing technique involves testing the software's behavior against a set of input values?

Choices:
- Boundary value analysis
- Equivalence partitioning
- White-box testing
- Regression testing


Question: What is the purpose of the IEEE 829 standard?

Choices:
- Software development process
- Test documentation
- Code optimization techniques
- Requirement analysis


Question: What is the difference between validation and verification in the context of SQA?

Choices:
- They are synonymous
- Validation checks if the product is built correctly, while verification checks if it meets the customer's requirements
- Verification checks the product against the specifications, while validation ensures it works in the intended environment
- Verification is performed by developers, and validation is performed by testers


Question: What is the purpose of a test plan?

Choices:
- To execute test cases
- To document the testing strategy and approach
- To analyze code complexity
- To review the quality of the code


Question: What is the primary focus of usability testing?

Choices:
- Checking the system's security
- Evaluating the user interface and overall user experience
- Verifying the correctness of algorithms
- Assessing the performance of the system


Question: What does SDLC stand for?

Choices:
- Software Development Logic Cycle
- Systematic Development Life Cycle
- Software Development Life Cycle
- System Design and Logic Compilation


Question: Which phase of SDLC involves gathering and understanding the requirements for the software project?

Choices:
- Design
- Testing
- Requirement Analysis
- Implementation


Question: What is the purpose of the Design phase in SDLC?

Choices:
- Coding the software
- Planning the project
- Defining the software architecture
- Verifying software functionality


Question: In SDLC, which phase is responsible for coding the actual software?

Choices:
- Testing
- Design
- Implementation
- Requirement Analysis


Question: What is the primary goal of the Testing phase in SDLC?

Choices:
- Writing code
- Identifying and fixing defects
- Gathering requirements
- Creating design specifications


Question: Which SDLC model involves the sequential execution of phases and is often represented as a waterfall?

Choices:
- Agile
- Spiral
- Waterfall
- Iterative


Question: What is the main advantage of the Agile SDLC model?

Choices:
- Rigidity
- Flexibility to changes
- Detailed planning
- Minimal customer involvement


Question: What is the purpose of the Maintenance phase in SDLC?

Choices:
- Developing new features
- Fixing defects and making enhancements
- Requirement gathering
- Software deployment


Question: What is the purpose of the Feasibility Study in SDLC?

Choices:
- To design the system architecture
- To determine whether the project is viable
- To write code for the software
- To identify and fix defects


Question: What is the Waterfall model?

Choices:
- An iterative development model
- A linear and sequential software development model
- A model emphasizing rapid prototyping
- A model focused on user involvement throughout development


Question: What is the primary characteristic of the Iterative model?

Choices:
- Sequential development
- Emphasis on risk management
- Minimal documentation
- Continuous feedback and refinement


Question: Which model involves breaking the development process into small parts called iterations?

Choices:
- Waterfall model
- Spiral model
- Agile model
- V-Model


Question: What is the purpose of "Non-functional Testing" in software quality assurance?

Choices:
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To assess non-functional aspects such as performance, scalability, and reliability
- To find security vulnerabilities
- To optimize code for better performance


Question: Which testing type is performed to ensure that different components of the software system work together?

Choices:
- Unit testing
- Integration testing
- System testing
- Regression testing


Question: What is the main principle behind the "Kanban" model in Agile development?

Choices:
- To emphasize rapid prototyping
- To manage project budgets efficiently
- To visualize and optimize the flow of work
- To replace traditional project planning


Question: What is the purpose of "A/B Testing" in software development?

Choices:
- To optimize code execution.
- To measure code maintainability.
- To validate user requirements.
- To compare two versions of a web page or application to determine which performs better.


Question: What is the "Zero-One-Infinity" rule in software engineering?

Choices:
- It defines the number of lines of code in a module.
- It sets limits on the number of iterations in an Agile development process.
- It suggests that systems should have zero, one, or an infinite number of components or entities.
- It defines the number of developers in a software team.


Question: What is the purpose of a Use Case diagram in software development?

Choices:
- To represent the flow of data
- To show the interaction between system components
- To visualize user interactions with the system
- To document source code


Question: What is the purpose of a Design Pattern in software engineering?

Choices:
- To create visually appealing user interfaces
- To standardize and document solutions to common design problems
- To optimize database performance
- To automate the testing process


Question: What is the significance of "Model-Driven Development (MDD)" in software engineering?

Choices:
- A strategy for minimizing code duplication
- A testing approach involving model-based testing
- A methodology for managing project budgets
- A development approach where models are used as primary artifacts


Question: What is a key advantage of using prototypes in the development process?

Choices:
- Reduced development time
- Minimal user involvement
- Emphasis on comprehensive documentation
- Sequential and linear development


Question: What is the primary goal of the "Rapid Application Development (RAD)" model?

Choices:
- Sequential and organized development
- Quick development and iteration
- Comprehensive documentation
- Minimization of user involvement


Question: Which Agile practice involves short development cycles with regular reassessment and adaptation?

Choices:
- Scrum
- Kanban
- Extreme Programming (XP)
- Feature-Driven Development (FDD)


Question: What is the key advantage of the Spiral model for large and complex projects?

Choices:
- Sequential and linear development
- Emphasis on comprehensive documentation
- Flexibility to accommodate changes
- Systematic risk identification and mitigation


Question: What is the purpose of "Refactoring" in the Agile development process?

Choices:
- To automate software testing
- To optimize code execution
- To improve the internal structure of code without changing its external behavior
- To replace traditional project management


Question: What is the primary goal of the "Big Bang Model" in software development?

Choices:
- Sequential and organized development
- Comprehensive documentation
- Rapid prototyping
- Quick development without a predefined plan


Question: Which model is often used in large-scale software development where a modular approach is necessary?

Choices:
- Incremental model
- Spiral model
- V-Model
- RAD model


Question: What is the main principle behind the Incremental model?

Choices:
- Sequential development
- Emphasis on risk management
- Minimal documentation
- Continuous integration of small, incremental portions


Question: How does "A/B Testing" contribute to software quality?

Choices:
- By focusing on testing the acceptance criteria of user stories
- By comparing two versions of a product to determine which performs better
- By performing exhaustive testing on every feature of the software
- By delaying testing until the end of the development process


Question: Which phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is most suitable for Automation Testing?

Choices:
- Requirements gathering
- Design
- Coding
- Testing


Question: What is Automation Testing?

Choices:
- Testing performed by humans manually
- Testing performed using automated scripts
- Testing performed only on mobile devices
- Testing performed on the cloud


Question: Which of the following is a benefit of Automation Testing?

Choices:
- Reduced testing time
- Increased human errors
- Limited test coverage
- Manual execution of test cases


Question: What is the role of "Test Data" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- To execute test cases manually
- To record and playback test scripts
- To provide input values for test cases
- To generate test reports


Question: What is the primary goal of Automation Testing?

Choices:
- To increase the number of defects in the code
- To decrease the efficiency of the testing process
- To reduce testing time and effort
- To eliminate the need for manual testing


Question: What is a "Test Suite" in the context of Automation Testing?

Choices:
- A single test case
- A collection of test cases
- A programming language
- A tool for executing test scripts


Question: How is system testing different from acceptance testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- System testing focuses on individual components; acceptance testing assesses user satisfaction
- System testing is manual; acceptance testing is automated
- System testing verifies the entire system; acceptance testing validates against user requirements
- System testing is exploratory; acceptance testing is scripted


Question: Which programming language is commonly used in Selenium for Automation Testing?

Choices:
- Java
- C#
- Python
- All of the above


Question: What is the purpose of functional testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To ensure the system meets specified requirements
- To review the source code
- To test the boundaries of the application
- To identify security vulnerabilities


Question: What is the primary goal of Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To validate the internal code structure
- To find security vulnerabilities
- To verify the functionality of the software
- To review the source code


Question: What is the purpose of ad-hoc testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To test specific user scenarios
- To test based on predefined test cases
- To discover defects without a formal test plan
- To test the system's boundaries


Question: What is the primary focus of acceptance testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To test the user interface
- To test individual components or units of code
- To verify that the system meets user requirements
- To review the source code


Question: What is the purpose of load testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To test the limits of input values
- To ensure the system functions as expected after each build
- To evaluate the system's performance under expected load
- To review the source code


Question: What is the purpose of smoke testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To test the user interface
- To ensure the system's main functionalities work after each build
- To identify security vulnerabilities
- To review the source code


Question: What is the purpose of regression testing in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- To find defects in the software
- To test new features only
- To ensure that new code changes don't negatively impact existing functionality
- To review the source code


Question: Which testing level involves testing individual components or modules in isolation?

Choices:
- Integration Testing
- System Testing
- Unit Testing
- Acceptance Testing


Question: What is Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- Testing the internal logic and code structure
- Testing the software without knowing its internal code
- Testing the user interface only
- Testing the security vulnerabilities


Question: What is the purpose of protocol-based testing in Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- To analyze the software's source code
- To test the software without any knowledge of its internal code
- To test the communication protocols between different components
- To modify the source code during testing


Question: How does state-based testing contribute to Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- It focuses on testing user interfaces
- It involves testing the software's behavior in different states
- It is irrelevant in Gray Box Testing
- It reviews the source code


Question: What is the difference between verification and validation in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- Verification is manual; validation is automated
- Verification ensures the software meets specified requirements; validation checks if the software is fit for its intended purpose
- Verification is exploratory; validation is scripted
- Verification is for functionality; validation is for performance


Question: What is the role of a "Headless Browser" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- A browser without a graphical user interface
- A browser with enhanced graphics capabilities
- A mobile browser
- A browser for load testing


Question: What is the primary goal of "Alpha Testing"?

Choices:
- To find defects in the code
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To assess the system's performance under varying workloads
- To test the software in a controlled environment before releasing it to a limited audience


Question: What is the primary goal of software testing?

Choices:
- Writing code
- Debugging
- Finding defects in the software
- Documenting requirements


Question: What is pairwise testing, and how does it help in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- Testing pairs of related test cases
- Ensuring two test cases cover the same functionality
- Testing the application in pairs of user scenarios
- Testing specific partitions of the hard drive


Question: How does model-based testing improve test design in Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- By automating the testing process
- By generating test cases from models of the system
- By focusing on exploratory testing
- By testing only specific functionalities


Question: What is the difference between positive testing and negative testing?

Choices:
- Positive testing aims to find defects, while negative testing validates that the system works as expected.
- Positive testing is done by developers, while negative testing is done by testers.
- Positive testing uses automated tools, while negative testing is manual.
- Positive testing focuses on functionality, while negative testing focuses on performance.


Question: What is the purpose of a test summary report?

Choices:
- To document defects
- To provide a summary of testing activities and results
- To execute test cases
- To analyze code coverage


Question: What is the purpose of a defect life cycle?

Choices:
- To identify defects
- To classify and manage defects from discovery to resolution
- To execute test cases
- To prioritize test cases


Question: What is boundary testing?

Choices:
- Testing around the boundary of the application
- Testing the limits of input values
- Testing the user interface
- Testing the security boundaries of the system


Question: What is static testing?

Choices:
- Testing the application in a static environment
- Testing without executing the code
- Testing the user interface
- Testing the performance of the application


Question: How does symbolic execution contribute to white box testing?

Choices:
- It involves executing the code symbolically without actual input values.
- It symbolizes the defects in the code.
- It enhances the user interface design.
- It only analyzes code structure.


Question: What is the role of fuzz testing in white box testing?

Choices:
- To test the code for defects using random input data
- To review the code with the development team
- To test the user interface
- To automate the testing process


Question: What is the difference between white box testing and black box testing?

Choices:
- White box testing focuses on internal code structure; black box testing focuses on external behavior
- White box testing is only done by developers; black box testing is done by testers
- White box testing is manual; black box testing is automated
- White box testing is for web applications; black box testing is for desktop applications


Question: How does control flow graph (CFG) analysis contribute to white box testing?

Choices:
- It measures the speed of control flow in the code.
- It analyzes the code's control flow structure.
- It ensures a continuous flow of control during code execution.
- It eliminates unnecessary control flow in the code.


Question: What is the significance of a code walkthrough in white box testing?

Choices:
- To execute the code and find defects
- To review the code with the development team for quality assurance
- To walk through the user interface
- To refactor the code


Question: What is the purpose of equivalence partitioning in software testing?

Choices:
- To divide input values into equivalent classes to reduce test cases
- To test the equivalence of system components
- To assess the equivalence of different software versions
- To find defects in the code


Question: In the context of software testing, what does the term "Test Harness" refer to?

Choices:
- A defect in the code
- A tool used for automated testing
- A set of test cases
- A high-level description of a test condition


Question: What is the purpose of "Ad Hoc Testing"?

Choices:
- To execute predefined test cases
- To explore the application, design tests on the fly, and find defects
- To assess the system's behavior under extreme conditions
- To find security vulnerabilities


Question: What does the term "White-Box Testing" refer to in software testing?

Choices:
- Testing without any predefined test cases
- Testing based on the user's perspective
- Testing the internal structures and workings of the software
- Ignoring the testing process


Question: How does penetration testing align with Gray Box Testing principles?

Choices:
- It focuses on testing user interfaces
- It combines knowledge of the internal code with security testing
- It is irrelevant in Gray Box Testing
- It involves testing based on code specifications


Question: What does the term "Test Scenario" refer to in software testing?

Choices:
- A set of test cases
- A high-level description of a test condition
- A tool used for automated testing
- A defect in the code


Question: What does the term "Test Case" refer to in software testing?

Choices:
- A defect in the code
- A tool used for testing
- A set of conditions, inputs, and expected results
- A type of testing technique


Question: What is regression testing?

Choices:
- Testing the same functionality repeatedly
- Testing modified code to ensure existing functionalities still work
- Testing only new features
- Ignoring defects in the code


Question: Which testing level focuses on the smallest unit of a software system?

Choices:
- System testing
- Integration testing
- Unit testing
- Acceptance testing


Question: How does "Parallel Test Execution" contribute to Automation Testing?

Choices:
- By executing test cases one after the other
- By executing test cases simultaneously on multiple devices or browsers
- By automating only the testing process
- By focusing solely on manual testing


Question: How can dynamic analysis be applied in Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- By analyzing the software's source code
- By executing the software and analyzing its runtime behavior
- By focusing on security vulnerabilities only
- By reviewing the software documentation


Question: What is the role of a testing framework in functional testing?

Choices:
- Defining the testing strategy
- Executing test cases
- Automating and organizing tests
- Identifying security vulnerabilities


Question: How does input-output analysis contribute to Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- It focuses on testing user interfaces
- It helps in evaluating the correctness of the software's output
- It reviews the source code
- It is irrelevant in Gray Box Testing


Question: What is the purpose of "Regression Testing" in manual testing?

Choices:
- To test a new feature
- To validate that new code changes haven't negatively impacted existing functionalities
- To find defects in the code
- To execute test cases manually


Question: What does the term "Usability Testing" refer to in manual testing?

Choices:
- Testing the overall functionality of the application
- Testing the application's user interface and overall user experience
- Testing individual components or modules in isolation
- Executing test cases sequentially


Question: What does the term "Sanity Testing" refer to in manual testing?

Choices:
- To find defects in the code
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To quickly determine if the application is ready for further testing
- To assess the software's compatibility with different environments


Question: What does the term "A/B Testing" refer to in manual testing?

Choices:
- Testing individual components or modules in isolation
- Comparing two versions of a product to determine which performs better
- Testing the overall functionality of the application
- Executing test cases manually


Question: What is the role of fault injection testing in Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- To review the software documentation
- To test the software without any knowledge of its internal code
- To inject faults intentionally and assess system resilience
- To analyze the software's source code


Question: How does "Non-Functional Testing" differ from "Functional Testing" in manual testing?

Choices:
- Non-Functional Testing focuses on testing the application's functionality, while Functional Testing assesses non-functional aspects
- Non-Functional Testing assesses non-functional aspects, such as performance and usability, while Functional Testing focuses on testing the application's functionality
- They are synonymous terms
- Both focus solely on manual testing


Question: What is the significance of "Alpha Testing" in manual testing?

Choices:
- To execute test cases manually
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To assess the software's compatibility with different environments
- Testing performed by a select group of users before the software is released to the public


Question: What is white box testing?

Choices:
- Testing the software's user interface
- Testing the software's internal logic and code structure
- Testing the software's performance
- Testing the software for security vulnerabilities


Question: What is the primary focus of white box testing?

Choices:
- Functionalities of the software
- User interface design
- Code execution paths and internal structures
- System integration testing


Question: What is the role of a "Test Plan" in manual testing?

Choices:
- To execute test cases manually
- To document test results
- To outline the overall testing approach and activities
- To optimize software performance


Question: Which testing technique is commonly used in white box testing?

Choices:
- Boundary Value Analysis
- Exploratory Testing
- Usability Testing
- Smoke Testing


Question: Why is white box testing often referred to as "glass box" testing?

Choices:
- Because it involves testing transparent software
- Because the code is visible like glass
- Because it only tests the user interface
- Because it is fragile like glass


Question: What does the term "path testing" mean in white box testing?

Choices:
- Testing the user's journey through the software
- Testing the paths mentioned in the project documentation
- Ensuring each possible path through the code is executed
- Testing the paths users might take in the software


Question: What is branch coverage in white box testing?

Choices:
- Ensuring all branches of the code are executed
- Checking for branches in the project documentation
- Testing the branching logic in the user interface
- Analyzing the number of branches in the project plan


Question: What is data flow testing in white box testing?

Choices:
- Testing the flow of data between different systems
- Analyzing the flow of data within the software
- Testing the data input by users
- Checking for data inconsistencies in project documentation


Question: What is loop testing in white box testing?

Choices:
- Testing the software's ability to handle continuous loops
- Analyzing the documentation for loops
- Testing the loops present in the user interface
- Ensuring all possible paths through loops are tested


Question: What is loop-invariant code in white box testing?

Choices:
- Code that contains loops without any exit conditions
- Code where the loop conditions never change during loop execution
- Code with infinite loops
- Code that lacks loops


Question: What is functional testing?

Choices:
- Testing individual functions or features of a software application.
- Checking the overall performance of the system.
- Verifying network connectivity.
- None of the above.


Question: Which type of testing checks whether the application behaves as expected when there is a sudden failure or crash?

Choices:
- Unit testing
- Regression testing
- Recovery testing
- Stress testing


Question: What is the primary focus of usability testing?

Choices:
- Functionalities
- User interface
- Performance
- Security


Question: What is the role of a code review in white box testing?

Choices:
- To execute test cases
- To find defects in the software
- To review and analyze the code manually
- To document test results


Question: In Gray Box Testing, what is code-based testing?

Choices:
- Testing without any knowledge of the code
- Testing based on code specifications
- Modifying the source code during testing
- Testing the user interface only


Question: Which phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is manual testing commonly performed?

Choices:
- Requirements gathering
- Design
- Coding
- Testing


Question: What is the primary goal of manual testing?

Choices:
- To find defects in the code
- To execute test cases automatically
- To write code for the application
- To optimize software performance


Question: How does Gray Box Testing differ from Black Box Testing?

Choices:
- Gray Box Testing involves complete knowledge of the internal code
- Gray Box Testing focuses on the user interface only
- Gray Box Testing has partial knowledge of the internal code
- Gray Box Testing excludes functional testing


Question: What is the primary goal of Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- To focus on security testing
- To validate the user interface design
- To identify security vulnerabilities
- To find defects in the software with partial knowledge of the internal code


Question: Why is Gray Box Testing considered a bridge between Black Box and White Box Testing?

Choices:
- Because it only focuses on user interface testing
- Because it provides complete knowledge of the internal code
- Because it combines aspects of both without full disclosure
- Because it excludes functional testing


Question: What is Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- Testing the software without any knowledge of its internals
- Combining elements of both Black Box and White Box Testing
- Testing only the user interface
- Testing for security vulnerabilities only


Question: What is the purpose of performance testing in functional testing?

Choices:
- Verifying system behavior under normal conditions
- Identifying defects related to security vulnerabilities
- Assessing the software's responsiveness and scalability
- Analyzing user interface elements


Question: What is the role of a test harness in functional testing?

Choices:
- To identify performance bottlenecks.
- To automate the execution of test cases.
- To simulate the behavior of external components.
- To monitor network traffic during testing.


Question: What is the difference between verification and validation in the context of functional testing?

Choices:
- Verification ensures that the product meets specified requirements, while validation checks if the product satisfies the user's needs.
- Verification is manual testing, and validation is automated testing.
- Verification is manual testing, and validation is automated testing.
- Verification and validation are synonymous terms.


Question: What does the term "test case" refer to in the context of functional testing?

Choices:
- The process of finding defects in the software.
- A document outlining the test inputs, actions, and expected results.
- The execution of a test script.
- A type of functional requirement.


Question: What is the purpose of regression testing in functional testing?

Choices:
- To find defects in new features.
- To ensure that existing functionalities are not affected by changes.
- To test the software's performance.
- To check the compatibility of the application.


Question: What is a "Test Case" in manual testing?

Choices:
- A defect in the code
- A sequence of automated steps
- A document outlining the steps to execute a specific test
- A programming language


Question: What is the purpose of boundary value analysis in functional testing?

Choices:
- To test extreme values at the boundaries of input domains.
- To test only average input values.
- To identify syntax errors in the code.
- To verify the functionality of the recovery system.


Question: What is the main metric measured during Load Testing?

Choices:
- Response time
- Number of test cases executed
- Code coverage
- Number of user stories completed


Question: In Load Testing, what does the term "concurrent users" refer to?

Choices:
- Users accessing the system at different times
- Users accessing the system simultaneously
- Users with different roles
- Users who perform security testing


Question: What does the term "Think Time" represent in Load Testing scenarios?

Choices:
- The time taken to execute a single test case
- The time interval between consecutive test executions
- The time users spend actively interacting with the system during a test
- The time allocated for fixing identified vulnerabilities


Question: What is the purpose of endurance testing in the context of Load Testing?

Choices:
- To measure the system's performance under peak load conditions
- To evaluate the system's ability to handle sustained load over an extended period
- To identify and fix security vulnerabilities
- To assess the functionality of individual components


Question: What is the role of a parameterized test in Load Testing scripts?

Choices:
- To exclude real-world data
- To generate static load conditions
- To introduce variability and mimic real user behavior
- To fix identified vulnerabilities


Question: Why is it important to monitor server metrics during Load Testing?

Choices:
- To identify and fix security vulnerabilities
- To assess the functionality of individual components
- To measure the server's performance under different loads
- To evaluate the response time of the system


Question: How does cache simulation impact Load Testing scenarios?

Choices:
- It accelerates test execution by skipping cache-related checks
- It has no impact on test scenarios
- It simulates real-world scenarios by considering cache-related factors
- It increases the number of virtual users


Question: What is the purpose of spike testing in Load Testing scenarios?

Choices:
- To evaluate the system's ability to handle sustained load over an extended period
- To measure the system's performance under normal load conditions
- To assess the system's response to sudden and extreme increases in load
- To identify and fix security vulnerabilities


Question: How does cloud-based Load Testing differ from traditional Load Testing methods?

Choices:
- It limits the scalability of Load Testing scenarios
- It requires dedicated hardware for testing
- It allows for dynamic scalability and flexible resource allocation
- It excludes real-world network conditions


Question: What is the primary purpose of Load Testing in software development?

Choices:
- To identify and fix security vulnerabilities
- To measure the performance of a system under expected load
- To ensure proper user authentication
- To test the functionality of individual components


Question: How does metamorphic testing contribute to Gray Box Testing?

Choices:
- By analyzing the software's source code
- By introducing intentional defects into the code
- By testing based on code specifications
- By evaluating the software's behavior under transformations


Question: How does "Keyword-Driven Testing" differ from "Data-Driven Testing"?

Choices:
- They are synonymous terms
- Keyword-Driven Testing is focused on using specific keywords in test scripts, while Data-Driven Testing involves testing with different sets of data
- Data-Driven Testing is specific to mobile applications
- Keyword-Driven Testing is only applicable in integration testing


Question: What is "Cross-Browser Testing" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- Testing performed across different programming languages
- Testing the same application on multiple browsers
- Testing mobile applications only
- Testing using multiple test scripts


Question: In the context of software testing, what is the "Master Test Plan"?

Choices:
- A document outlining the entire testing process
- A tool used for automated testing
- A set of predefined test cases
- A defect in the code


Question: What is the role of "Exploratory Testing" in software testing?

Choices:
- To execute predefined test cases
- To find defects in the code
- To explore the application, design tests on the fly, and find defects
- To manage project schedules


Question: How does "Risk-Based Testing" contribute to software quality assurance?

Choices:
- By avoiding testing in high-risk areas
- By ignoring potential risks in the software
- By focusing only on low-risk areas during testing
- By prioritizing testing based on identified risks


Question: How does "Automated Regression Testing" contribute to software development?

Choices:
- By focusing solely on manual testing
- By automating the testing of new features only
- By automating the retesting of existing functionalities after code changes
- By delaying testing until the end of the development process


Question: What is the purpose of "Chaos Engineering" in software testing?

Choices:
- To optimize code for better performance
- To evaluate the software's compatibility with different environments
- To introduce controlled chaos into the system to identify weaknesses
- To focus solely on manual testing


Question: What role does "Agile Testing" play in agile software development methodologies?

Choices:
- By focusing solely on manual testing
- By automating only the testing process
- By integrating testing seamlessly into the agile development process
- By delaying testing until the end of the development process


Question: What is the role of "Risk Mitigation" in software testing?

Choices:
- By avoiding testing in high-risk areas
- By ignoring potential risks in the software
- By focusing solely on low-risk areas during testing
- By implementing strategies to reduce or eliminate identified risks


Question: How does "Static Code Analysis" contribute to software quality?

Choices:
- By focusing solely on manual testing
- By analyzing code without executing it to find potential defects
- By automating all testing processes
- By delaying testing until the end of the development process


Question: What is the purpose of locators in Selenium?

Choices:
- To locate the browser window
- To identify and interact with web page elements
- To manage test data
- To generate test reports


Question: Which of the following is not a commonly used locator strategy in Selenium?

Choices:
- ID
- Name
- Class Name
- XPath


Question: What is TestNG primarily used for in Selenium?

Choices:
- Creating web pages
- Writing test scripts
- Managing test data
- Generating test reports


Question: What is the benefit of using explicit waits in Selenium?

Choices:
- They make your tests run faster
- They ensure that a certain condition is met before proceeding with the test
- They automatically handle pop-up windows
- They generate detailed test reports


Question: The ICC Cricket World Cup is held approximately every:

Choices:
- 2 years
- 6 years
- 4 years
- 8 years


Question: How does "Model-Based Testing" contribute to software quality assurance?

Choices:
- By finding defects in the code
- By evaluating the user interface and overall user experience
- By creating models representing expected software behavior for testing
- By assessing the software's dependencies on external systems and components


Question: What is the trophy awarded to the Cricket World Cup-winning team called?

Choices:
- ICC Cup
- Cricket Champions Trophy
- Cricket World Trophy
- ICC World Cup Trophy


Question: How do you handle pop-up windows in Selenium?

Choices:
- Using the switchTo() method
- Pop-up windows cannot be handled in Selenium
- Using explicit waits
- Using implicit waits


Question: Which tool can be used for managing project dependencies in Selenium?

Choices:
- TestNG
- Maven
- Jenkins
- Appium


Question: What is the main purpose of the Page Object Model (POM) pattern in Selenium?

Choices:
- To create web pages
- To model database objects
- To model web page elements and their interactions
- To generate test reports


Question: In the Page Object Model (POM) pattern, what does a "Page Object" represent?

Choices:
- A web page
- A software application
- A user
- A test case


Question: What is the purpose of generating reports for Selenium tests?

Choices:
- To make tests run faster
- To provide detailed information about test execution
- To handle exceptions
- To locate web page elements


Question: Which of the following is not a common Selenium exception?

Choices:
- NoSuchElementException
- TimeoutException
- StaleElementReferenceException
- ElementNotFoundException


Question: Which cricket team won the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup?

Choices:
- Australia
- India
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka


Question: What is the name of the official theme song of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2019?

Choices:
- "Stand by"
- "Rise of the Tigers"
- "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"
- "Chak De India"


Question: What is parallel execution in Selenium?

Choices:
- Running multiple tests sequentially
- Running multiple tests concurrently
- Running tests on different browsers sequentially
- Running tests on different browsers concurrently


Question: What is multi-browser execution in Selenium?

Choices:
- Running tests on multiple devices
- Running tests on multiple operating systems
- Running tests on multiple browsers
- Running tests in multiple languages


Question: Which of the following browsers supports selenium?

Choices:
- Google Chrome
- Safari
- Mozilla Firefox
- All of the above


Question: What does ICC stand for in the context of cricket?

Choices:
- International Cricket Championship
- International Cricket Council
- Indian Cricket Committee
- International Cricket Confede


Question: What is the role of "Jenkins" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- A programming language
- A tool for test execution
- A continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) server
- A type of browser automation


Question: Which of the following is an example of a WebDriver command in Selenium?

Choices:
- assertElementPresent
- clickButton
- verifyText
- getTitle


Question: What is the purpose of "Data-Driven Testing"?

Choices:
- To find defects in the code
- To assess the software's dependencies on external systems and components
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To use external data sources to drive the testing process


Question: In Selenium, how do you switch to a different tab in the browser?

Choices:
- Using the switchTo() method
- By closing the current tab and opening a new one
- By clicking a link
- By refreshing the page


Question: What is the purpose of "Incremental Testing" in software development?

Choices:
- To find defects in the code
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To test individual units or components before integration
- To assess the software's performance under varying workloads


Question: How does "API Testing" differ from UI Testing in Automation?

Choices:
- They are synonymous terms
- API Testing focuses on testing the application's user interface, while UI Testing involves testing APIs
- API Testing is specific to mobile applications
- UI Testing is only applicable in integration testing


Question: Explain the concept of "Code Review" in the context of software testing.

Choices:
- Evaluating the user interface and overall user experience
- Analyzing the code without executing it to find defects
- Managing project schedules
- Ignoring the testing process


Question: How does "Parallel Test Execution" contribute to efficiency in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- By executing test cases one after the other
- By executing test cases simultaneously on multiple devices or browsers
- By automating only the testing process
- By focusing solely on manual testing


Question: What is the role of "Log Files" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- To execute test cases manually
- To provide input values for test cases
- To record information about test execution for analysis and debugging
- To generate test reports


Question: What is the purpose of "TestNG" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- A programming language
- A tool for test execution
- A testing framework for Java
- A type of browser automation


Question: How does "Visual Testing" contribute to Automation Testing?

Choices:
- By assessing the software's compatibility with different environments
- By automating only the testing process
- By comparing screenshots to identify visual differences
- By focusing solely on manual testing


Question: What is the purpose of "Service Virtualization" in Automation Testing?

Choices:
- To analyze code without executing it
- To assess the software's compatibility with different environments
- To simulate the behavior of dependencies that are not yet available or are difficult to configure
- To optimize code for better performance


Question: In which testing phase is system integration testing performed?

Choices:
- Before unit testing
- After unit testing but before system testing
- After system testing but before acceptance testing
- After acceptance testing


Question: What does the term "Boundary Value Analysis" refer to in software testing?

Choices:
- Testing at the boundaries of input values
- Analyzing code complexity
- Testing the boundary between different software components
- Evaluating the user interface


Question: What is the primary focus of acceptance testing?

Choices:
- Verifying individual units or components
- Ensuring the software meets the user's requirements
- Testing the system's behavior under extreme conditions
- Evaluating the performance of the testing team


Question: What is the role of "Defect Life Cycle" in software testing?

Choices:
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To document the testing process
- To manage defects from discovery to resolution
- To optimize code for better performance


Question: How does "Stress Testing" contribute to software quality assurance?

Choices:
- By optimizing code for better performance
- By assessing the software's behavior under varying workloads
- By focusing solely on manual testing
- By ignoring potential risks in the software


Question: How does "User Acceptance Testing (UAT)" contribute to the testing process?

Choices:
- By evaluating the user interface and overall user experience
- By testing the software in a real-world environment before release
- By focusing solely on manual testing
- By automating all testing processes


Question: How does "Test Environment Management" contribute to Automation Testing?

Choices:
- By analyzing code without executing it
- By managing and controlling test environments for efficient and effective testing
- By finding defects in the code
- By automating the testing process


Question: How does "Risk Analysis" contribute to software testing?

Choices:
- By avoiding testing in high-risk areas
- By ignoring potential risks in the software
- By focusing solely on low-risk areas during testing
- By identifying and prioritizing potential risks in the software


Question: What is the role of "Traceability" in software testing?

Choices:
- To find defects in the code
- To document the testing process
- To map test cases to requirements and vice versa
- To evaluate the user interface


Question: What does the term "Test Execution" refer to in the testing process?

Choices:
- Designing test cases
- Evaluating the user interface and overall user experience
- Performing actual testing by executing test cases
- Managing project schedules


Question: What is the role of a performance baseline in load testing analysis?

Choices:
- To measure the maximum load a system can handle
- To set expectations for system performance under normal conditions
- To identify and prioritize performance bottlenecks
- To assess user satisfaction with the application


Question: How does cloud-based load testing differ from traditional on-premise load testing?

Choices:
- Cloud-based load testing is less scalable than on-premise load testing.
- On-premise load testing provides more control over infrastructure, while cloud-based testing offers scalability and flexibility.
- Both approaches are identical; they only differ in deployment location.
- Cloud-based load testing is suitable only for small-scale applications.


Question: What is the purpose of spike testing in the context of load testing?

Choices:
- To simulate gradual increases in user load
- To assess system stability under sustained high loads
- To test the system's response to sudden, extreme increases in user load
- To analyze the impact of varying network conditions


Question: How does "Acceptance Criteria" contribute to the testing process?

Choices:
- By evaluating the user interface and overall user experience
- By specifying conditions that must be met for a feature to be considered complete
- By managing project schedules
- By focusing solely on manual testing


Question: What is the difference between stress testing and load testing?

Choices:
- Stress testing focuses on peak loads, while load testing simulates expected loads.
- Load testing aims to find software defects, while stress testing assesses hardware limitations.
- There is no difference; the terms are used interchangeably.
- Stress testing is only applicable to web applications, while load testing is for any software.


Question: Why is it important to monitor system resources during load testing?

Choices:
- To optimize software algorithms
- To simulate real-world network conditions
- To identify performance bottlenecks and resource constraints
- To enhance the user interface design


Question: What is the primary focus of usability testing?

Choices:
- System functionality
- User interface and user experience
- Security vulnerabilities
- Database transactions


Question: Describe the concept of test-driven development (TDD) and its role in functional testing.

Choices:
- Writing tests after developing the code
- Writing tests before developing the code
- An approach focused on performance testing
- A type of exploratory testing


Question: Describe the concept of test-driven development (TDD) and its role in functional testing.

Choices:
- Writing tests after developing the code
- Writing tests before developing the code
- An approach focused on performance testing
- A type of exploratory testing


Question: What is the significance of "Pairwise Testing" in software testing?

Choices:
- To evaluate the user interface and overall user experience
- To create test cases that cover all possible combinations of input parameters
- To manage project schedules
- To test the same functionality repeatedly


Question: How does "Static Analysis" contribute to software testing?

Choices:
- By analyzing code without executing it
- By executing test cases in a dynamic environment
- By focusing only on manual testing
- By evaluating the user interface


Question: The term DFD is/are referred to as

Choices:
- Physical DFD
- Logical DFD
- Practical DFD
- Both Physical DFD and Logical DFD


Question: During a system audit, the system performance is compared to

Choices:
- Competing systems
- Newer systems
- Design specifications
- Similar systems


Question: A feasibility study is used to determine the proposed systems.

Choices:
- Resource requirements
- Availability of hardware and software
- Costs and benefits
- All of the above


Question: Suppose yuo have a MongoDB database, having a collection named as Movies, then select the command which would help in finding the movies which are developed in 1983, the collection contains a column as Year.

Choices:
- db.movies.find("Year" : "1983");
- db.movies.find{"Year" : "1983"};
- db.movies.find({"Year" : "1983"});
- db.movies.findOne({"Year" : "1983"});


Question: Suppose, you have a MongoDB database with a collection named as Movies, then you needed to see one of the document present in that collection, which one of the following command will be the correct to see a collection data?

Choices:
- DB.Movies.findOne()
- DB.Movies.one()
- DB.Movies.collectionDataOne()
- DB.Movies()


Question: Which is not considered a tool in the system design phase(a)(b) (c)  (d)

Choices:
- Pie Chart
- Data-Flow Diagram
- System Flowchart
- Decision Table


Question: Suppose, you have a MongoDB database with a collection named as Movies, then you needed to see one of the document present in that collection, which one of the following command will be the correct to see a collection data?

Choices:
- DB.Movies.findOne()
- DB.Movies.one()
- DB.Movies.collectionDataOne()
- DB.Movies()


Question: Which of the following are the simplest NoSQL databases?

Choices:
- Row-column
- Key-Value
- Tabular form
- All of these


Question: In the nomenclature of MongoDB, as there is a tables in relational model, what can we call it in MongoDB?

Choices:
- Database
- Collections
- Tables
- Tuples


Question: In the nomenclature of MongoDB, as there is a database in relational model, what can we call it in MongoDB?

Choices:
- Database
- Tables
- Set of data
- Data system


Question: Advantages of Non-Relational Databases are?

Choices:
- Massive dataset organization
- Flexible database expansion
- Multiple data structures
- All of these


Question: Example of Non-Relational Database is?

Choices:
- MongoDB
- MySQL
- Oracle
- IBM DB2


Question: NoSQL or Non-relational databases are used to store which type of data?

Choices:
- Structured data
- Semi-structured data
- Unstructured data
- All of these


Question: The design phase is followed by

Choices:
- Feasibility study
- Initial Investigation
- Implementation
- Analysis


Question: Non-Relational Databases are?

Choices:
- Non-Tabular based storage system
- No SQL
- More flexible than SQL based
- All of these


Question: A system that is a part of the larger system is known as _______

Choices:
- System Unit
- Subsystem
- System Element
- None of the above


Question: In MongoDB, suppose you need to see the execution stats of the query which is running on the system, then how would you do that?

Choices:
- Explain("ExecutionStats");
- Explain("Execution");
- Explain("Stats");
- None of the above


Question: What technique is used to express the requirements of the system in graphical form?

Choices:
- SFD
- DFD
- AFD
- Context Diagram


Question: We have a fixed length datatype and that is-

Choices:
- Varchar
- Text
- Blob
- JSON


Question: Cost-benefit analysis is performed during which phase

Choices:
- Analysis phase
- Feasibility study phase
- Implementation Phase
- Design Phase


Question: _______ includes a review of existing procedures and information flow.

Choices:
- Feasibility Study
- System Analysis
- System Design
- Feasibility Analysis


Question: The common DNS record(s) is/are-

Choices:
- AAAA
- A
- AAAA
- All of the above


Question: A request’s response can be optimized using –

Choices:
- Different cache layers
- Large memory
- Big operating system
- None of the above


Question: If any entry is made to DNS , it will get expired after a certain time known as-

Choices:
- Time to operate
- Time to live
- Time to process
- None of the above


Question: If a request is made to DNS , it will go through the-

Choices:
- DNS resolver
- TLD Server
- Authoritative Server
- None of the above


Question: DNS Cache is used for-

Choices:
- Storing the data
- Speed up the lookups
- Updating the new data
- None of the above


Question: For storing time we use which datatype?

Choices:
- Datetime
- Number
- Blob
- Epoch


Question: For storing string we use which datatype?

Choices:
- Varchar
- String
- Text
- JSON


Question: Database follows property/properties and they are-

Choices:
- Atomicity
- Consistency
- Isolation
- Durability
- All of the above


Question: In database , the datapoints are represented as

Choices:
- rows and columns
- rows
- columns
- graph based


Question: Example of single server architecture is?

Choices:
- CMYK
- Denary
- Modem
- Apache


Question: In single server approach how many servers do we need to run together?

Choices:
- One server at a time
- Multiple servers at a time
- No need of any server
- None of these


Question: Property of Single server configuration is?

Choices:
- All servers run on different computers.
- It is very simple.
- It is very complex.
- None of these.


Question: Full of SOAP protocol is?

Choices:
- State object access protocol
- Standard object access protocol
- Simple object access protocol
- Simple object authorized protocol


Question: In the single server configuration how do server components run?

Choices:
- They all run on same computer.
- They all run on different computer.
- Only one component on each computer.
- None of these


Question: ______________is a realistic approach to the development of large-scale software products because the software evolves as the process progresses.

Choices:
- Iterative Model
- Spiral Model
- V Model
- Waterfall Model


Question: What are pilgrimage basic concepts of ER diagram?

Choices:
- Entity
- Relationships
- Attributes
- All of the above


Question: Arrow in DFD represents

Choices:
- Data flow
- Datastore
- Process transforming data flow
- Source/Destination of Data


Question: Data stored in a data flow diagram represents

Choices:
- a disk store
- a sequential file
- a random access memory
- a repository of data


Question: Which of the following is not a valid SQL statement?

Choices:
- a) SELECT *FROM tableWHERE column = 'value';
- b) UPDATE tableSET column = 'value'WHERE column = 'other_value';
- c) DELETE FROM tableWHERE column = 'value';
- d) ADD TO table(column1, column2, column3)VALUES (value1, value2, value3);


Question: The decision-making model was proposed by _______

Choices:
- Herbert A Simon
- Recon Michal
- Harry Goode
- Lampart Lock


Question: Which of the following is a key difference between relational and non-relational databases?

Choices:
- a) Relational databases use SQL for querying, while non-relational databases use NoSQL.
- b) Relational databases use a fixed schema, while non-relational databases use a flexible schema.
- c) Relational databases are designed for transactional processing, while non-relational databases are designed for analytical processing.
- d) Relational databases store data in tables, while non-relational databases store data in documents, key-value pairs, or other formats.


Question: Which of the following is not a valid use case for a document database?

Choices:
- a) Storing semi-structured data
- b) Providing flexible schema design
- c) Facilitating high-speed transactions
- d) Supporting distributed data management


Question: Which of the following is not a valid query language for non-relational DBMS?

Choices:
- a) GraphQL
- b) MongoDB Query Language (MQL)
- c) Cassandra Query Language (CQL)
- d) Structured Query Language (SQL)


Question: Which of the following is not a common characteristic of non-relational DBMS?

Choices:
- a) Scalability
- b) Flexibility
- c) Consistency
- d) High availability


Question: Which of the following is not a valid NoSQL data model?

Choices:
- a) Key-value store
- b) Column-family store
- c) Object-oriented database
- d) XML database


Question: Which of the following is not a type of non-relational DBMS?

Choices:
- a) Graph database
- b) Document database
- c) Columnar database
- d) Relational database


Question: Which of the following is not a valid SQL aggregate function?

Choices:
- a) COUNT
- b) MAX
- c) AVG
- d) MINUS


Question: Which of the following is not a valid database normalization form?

Choices:
- a) First normal form (1NF)
- b) Second normal form (2NF)
- c) Third normal form (3NF)
- d) Fourth normal form (4NF)


Question: Which of the following is not a valid data type in a relational database?

Choices:
- a) Date
- b) Time
- c) Array
- d) Boolean


Question: Which of the following is not a valid SQL join type?

Choices:
- a) Inner join
- b) Outer join
- c) Cross join
- d) Union join


Question: Which of the following is not a key concept of the ACID properties of a transaction?

Choices:
- a) Atomicity
- b) Consistency
- c) Isolation
- d) Duality


Question: Which of the following is not a common component of a database system?

Choices:
- a) Data dictionary
- b) Query language
- c) User interface
- d) File system


Question: Which of the following is not a benefit of using a database management system (DBMS)?

Choices:
- a) Improved data sharing
- b) Reduced data redundancy
- c) Increased data security
- d) Decreased processing speed


Question: Which of the following is not a type of database model?

Choices:
- a) Relational
- b) Object-oriented
- c) Hierarchical
- d) Linear


Question: Which of the following is not a valid property of a relational database?

Choices:
- a) Consistency
- b) Atomicity
- c) Durability
- d) Concurrency


Question: Which all types of files can be stored in a Database?

Choices:
- Text files
- Image
- Audio and video files
- All of the above


Question: High-level database models provide concepts for presenting data in ways that are close to the way?

Choices:
- People perceive data
- Machine perceive data
- Artificial Intelligence perceive data
- Model perceive data


Question: Which of the following is a common advantage of relational databases over non-relational databases?

Choices:
- a) More flexible schema design
- b) Better scalability for large datasets
- c) Higher performance for analytical processing
- d) Strong data consistency and integrity


Question: _______ is a sort of blueprint of the System Development Effort.

Choices:
- DMP
- MPD
- DPM
- MDP


Question: Which of the following is a common advantage of non-relational databases over relational databases?

Choices:
- a) Better support for transactional processing
- b) Higher performance for analytical processing
- c) More effective data partitioning and distribution
- d) More efficient indexing of data


Question: Which of the following is a key consideration when choosing between a relational and non-relational database?

Choices:
- a) The size of the dataset being managed
- b) The performance requirements of the application
- c) The complexity of the data relationships
- d) The need for high data consistency and integrity


Question: Which property is possessed by a physical DFD?

Choices:
- It does not concern itself with material flow.
- It has no means of showing material flow.
- It can show only stored material.
- It can show the flow of material.


Question: MDP stands for _______

Choices:
- Master Design Program
- Master Development Plan
- Master Database Plan
- Mandatory Database Program


Question: What is the tabular method for describing the logic of the decisions to be taken?

Choices:
- Decision Tree
- Decision Tables
- Decision Data
- Decision Method


Question: A DFD is normally leveled as

Choices:
- Good idea in designing
- Recommended by experts
- Easier to read and understand the number of smaller DFDs than one large DFD
- East to do


Question: DDS stands for

Choices:
- Data Dictionary Systems
- Data Data Systems
- Data Digital Systems
- Digital Data Service


Question: Some of the features of Database includes?

Choices:
- No data backup
- Security isn’t provided
- Only authorized users can access data
- Data is stored at infinite locations


Question: Which of the following is not a type of Database?

Choices:
- Decentralized
- Network
- Cloud
- Object-oriented


Question: What is/are the advantages of system flowcharts?

Choices:
- Effective communication
- Effective analysis
- Queasier group of relationships
- All of the above


Question: HIPO stands for _______

Choices:
- Hierarchy input plus output
- Hierarchy plus input process output
- Hierarchy input process output
- Hierarchy input-output process


Question: A context diagram

Choices:
- Describes the context of a system
- is a DFD that gives an overview of the system
- is a detailed description of a system
- is not used in drawing a detailed DFD


Question: Which of the following principles of project management defines and controls the functions that are to be included in the system?

Choices:
- Project quality management
- Project time management
- Project cost management
- Project scope management


Question: SDLC stands for

Choices:
- System Development Life-cycle
- Structure Development Life-cycle
- System Design Life-cycle
- Structure Design Life-cycle


Question: In data-flow diagrams (DFD) external entities are represented via

Choices:
- Rectangle
- Ellipse
- Diamond-shaped box
- Circle


Question: _______ is a computerized information system used to support decision-making in an organization.

Choices:
- DSS
- MSS
- OSS
- HSS


Question: Decision support systems (DSS) are essential for _______.

Choices:
- Providing statutory information.
- The day-to-day operation of an organization.
- Ensuring the organization remains profitable.
- Top-level strategic decision-making.


Question: Orderly grouping of independent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective is called _______.

Choices:
- Interconnection
- Relationship
- Data
- System


Question: What is/are the characteristics of a system?

Choices:
- Integration
- Interdependence
- Interaction
- All of the above


Question: Which of the following is a common disadvantage of non-relational databases?

Choices:
- a) Inconsistent or unpredictable query performance
- b) Limited support for complex data relationships
- c) Less efficient indexing of data
- d) Poor scalability for large datasets


Question: RDBMS is a type of Database which includes?

Choices:
- Collection of Values
- Collection of Tables
- Collection of Columns
- Collection of Rows


Question:
What is the output of the following Java code?
public class array
{
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		int []arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
		System.out.println(arr[2]);
		System.out.println(arr[4]);
	}
}

Choices:
- 3 and 5
- 5 and 3
- 2 and 4
- 4 and 2


Question:
What is the output of the following Java code?
public class array
{
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		int []arr = {1,2,3,4,5};
		System.out.println(arr[5]);
	}
}

Choices:
- 4
- 5
- ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
- InavlidInputException


Question:
Consider an implementation of unsorted singly linked list. Suppose it has its representation with a head pointer only. Given the representation, which of the following operation can be implemented in O(1) time?
i) Insertion at the front of the linked list
ii) Insertion at the end of the linked list
iii) Deletion of the front node of the linked list
iv) Deletion of the last node of the linked list

Choices:
- I and II
- I and III
- I, II and III
- I, II and IV


Question:
What does the following function do for a given Linked List with first node as head?
void fun1(struct node* head)
{
    if(head == NULL)
    return;
    fun1(head->next);
    printf("%d  ", head->data);
}

Choices:
- Prints all nodes of linked lists
- Prints all nodes of linked list in reverse order
- Prints alternate nodes of Linked List
- Prints alternate nodes in reverse order


Question:
What is the output of following function for start pointing to first node of following linked list?
1->2->3->4->5->6
void fun(struct node* start)
{
    if(start == NULL)
    return;
    printf("%d  ", start->data);
    if(start->next != NULL )
    fun(start->next->next);
    printf("%d  ", start->data);
}

Choices:
- 1 4 6 6 4 1
- 1 3 5 1 3 5
- 1 2 3 5
- 1 3 5 5 3 1


Question:
The following C function takes a simply-linked list as an input argument. It modifies the list by moving the last element to the front of the list and returns the modified list. Some part of the code is left blank. Choose the correct alternative to replace the blank line.
typedef struct node
{
    int value;
    struct node *next;
}Node;

Node *move_to_front(Node *head)
{
    Node *p, *q;
    if ((head == NULL: || (head->next == NULL))
    return head;
    q = NULL; p = head;
    while (p-> next !=NULL)
    {
        q = p;
        p = p->next;
    }
   _______________________________
  return head;
}

Choices:
- q = NULL; p->next = head; head = p;
- q->next = NULL; head = p; p->next = head;
- head = p; p->next = q; q->next = NULL;
- q->next = NULL; p->next = head; head = p;


Question:
The following C function takes a single-linked list of integers as a parameter and rearranges the elements of the list. The function is called with the list containing the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in the given order. What will be the contents of the list after the function completes execution?
struct node
{
    int value;
    struct node *next;
};
void rearrange(struct node *list)
{
    struct node *p, * q;
    int temp;
    if ((!list) || !list->next)
      return;
    p = list;
    q = list->next;
    while(q)
    {
         temp = p->value;
         p->value = q->value;
         q->value = temp;
         p = q->next;
         q = p?p->next:0;
    }
}

Choices:
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
- 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5, 7
- 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6
- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1


Question:
What is the functionality of the following code?
public void function(Node node)
{
	if(size == 0)
		head = node;
	else
	{
		Node temp,cur;
		for(cur = head; (temp = cur.getNext())!=null; cur = temp);
		cur.setNext(node);
	}
	size++;
}

Choices:
- Inserting a node at the beginning of the list
- Deleting a node at the beginning of the list
- Inserting a node at the end of the list
- Deleting a node at the end of the list


Question:
What is the functionality of the following piece of code?
public int function(int data)
{
	Node temp = head;
	int var = 0;
	while(temp != null)
	{
		if(temp.getData() == data)
		{
			return var;
		}
		var = var+1;
		temp = temp.getNext();
	}
	return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
}

Choices:
- Find and delete a given element in the list
- Find and return the given element in the list
- Find and return the position of the given element in the list
- Find and insert a new element in the list


Question:
Consider the following doubly linked list: head-1-2-3-4-5-tail. What will be the list after performing the given sequence of operations?
	Node temp = new Node(6,head,head.getNext());
	Node temp1 = new Node(0,tail.getPrev(),tail);
	head.setNext(temp);
	temp.getNext().setPrev(temp);
	tail.setPrev(temp1);
	temp1.getPrev().setNext(temp1);

Choices:
- head-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-tail
- head-1-2-3-4-5-6-tail
- head-6-1-2-3-4-5-0-tail
- head-0-1-2-3-4-5-tail


Question:
What is the functionality of the following piece of code?
public int function()
{
	Node temp = tail.getPrev();
	tail.setPrev(temp.getPrev());
	temp.getPrev().setNext(tail);
	size--;
	return temp.getItem();
}

Choices:
- Return the element at the tail of the list but do not remove it
- Return the element at the tail of the list and remove it from the list
- Return the last but one element from the list but do not remove it
- Return the last but one element at the tail of the list and remove it from the list


Question:
Consider the following doubly linked list: head-1-2-3-4-5-tail. What will be the list after performing the given sequence of operations?
	Node temp = new Node(6,head,head.getNext());
	head.setNext(temp);
	temp.getNext().setPrev(temp);
	Node temp1 = tail.getPrev();
	tail.setPrev(temp1.getPrev());
	temp1.getPrev().setNext(tail);

Choices:
- head-6-1-2-3-4-5-tail
- head-6-1-2-3-4-tail
- head-1-2-3-4-5-6-tail
- head-1-2-3-4-5-tail


Question:
What is the functionality of the following piece of code? Select the most appropriate.
public void function(int data)
{
	int flag = 0;
	if( head != null)
	{
		Node temp = head.getNext();
		while((temp != head) && (!(temp.getItem() == data)))
		{
			temp = temp.getNext();
			flag = 1;
			break;
		}
	}
	if(flag)
		System.out.println("success");
	else
		System.out.println("fail");
}

Choices:
- Print success if a particular element is not found
- Print fail if a particular element is not found
- Print success if a particular element is equal to 1
- Print fail if the list is empty


Question:
What is the functionality of the following code? Choose the most appropriate answer.
public int function()
{
	if(head == null)
		return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	int var;
	Node temp = head;
	while(temp.getNext() != head)
		temp = temp.getNext();
	if(temp == head)
	{
		var = head.getItem();
		head = null;
		return var;
	}
	temp.setNext(head.getNext());
	var = head.getItem();
	head = head.getNext();
	return var;
}

Choices:
- Return data from the end of the list
- Returns the data and deletes the node at the end of the list
- Returns the data from the beginning of the list
- Returns the data and deletes the node from the beginning of the list


Question:
What is the functionality of the following code? Choose the most appropriate answer.
public int function()
{
	if(head == null)
		return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	int var;
	Node temp = head;
	Node cur;
	while(temp.getNext() != head)
	{
		cur = temp;
		temp = temp.getNext();
	}
	if(temp == head)
	{
		var = head.getItem();
		head = null;
		return var;
	}
	var = temp.getItem();
	cur.setNext(head);
	return var;
}

Choices:
- Return data from the end of the list
- Returns the data and deletes the node at the end of the list
- Returns the data from the beginning of the list
- Returns the data and deletes the node from the beginning of the list


Question:
What does the following function check for? (all necessary headers to be included and function is called from main)
#define MAX 10

typedef struct stack
{
    int top;
    int item[MAX];
}stack;

int function(stack *s)
{
    if(s->top == -1)
        return 1;
    else return 0;
}

Choices:
- full stack
- invalid index
- empty stack
- infinite stack


Question:
What is the output of the following program?
public class Stack
{
	protected static final int CAPACITY = 100;
	protected int size,top = -1;
	protected Object stk[];

	public Stack()
	{
		stk = new Object[CAPACITY];
	}

	public void push(Object item)
	{
		if(size_of_stack==size)
		{
			System.out.println("Stack overflow");
				return;
		}
		else
		{
			top++;
			stk[top]=item;
		}
	}
	public Object pop()
	{
		if(top<0)
		{
			return -999;
		}
		else
		{
			Object ele=stk[top];
			top--;
			size_of_stack--;
			return ele;
		}
	}
}

public class StackDemo
{
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		Stack myStack = new Stack();
		myStack.push(10);
		Object element1 = myStack.pop();
		Object element2 = myStack.pop();
		System.out.println(element2);
	}
}

Choices:
- stack is full
- 20
- 0
- -999


Question:
What is the functionality of the following piece of Java code?
Assume: ‘a’ is a non empty array of integers, the Stack class creates an array of specified size and provides a top pointer indicating TOS(top of stack), push and pop have normal meaning.
public void some_function(int[] a)
{
	Stack S=new Stack(a.length);
	int[] b=new int[a.length];
	for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
	{
		S.push(a[i]);
	}
	for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
	{
		b[i]=(int)(S.pop());
	}
	System.out.println("output :");
	for(int i=0;i<b.length;i++)
	{
		System.out.println(b[i]);
	}
}

Choices:
- print alternate elements of array
- duplicate the given array
- parentheses matching
- reverse the array


Question:
What does the following function do?
public Object some_func()throws emptyStackException
{
	if(isEmpty())
		throw new emptyStackException("underflow");
	return first.getEle();
}

Choices:
- pop
- delete the top-of-the-stack element
- retrieve the top-of-the-stack element
- push operation


Question:
What is the functionality of the following piece of code?
public void display()
{
	if(size == 0)
		System.out.println("underflow");
	else
	{
		Node current = first;
		while(current != null)
		{
			System.out.println(current.getEle());
			current = current.getNext();
		}
	}
}

Choices:
- reverse the list
- display the list
- display the list excluding top-of-the-stack-element
- reverse the list excluding top-of-the-stack-element


Question:
d)
public void push(Object item)
{
	Node temp = new Node();
	first = temp.getNext.getNext();
	first.setItem(item);
	size++;
}

Choices:
- 8. Consider these functions:
- push() : push an element into the stack
- pop()  : pop the top-of-the-stack element
- top()  : returns the item stored in top-of-the-stack-node
- What will be the output after performing these sequence of operations


Question:
What does the following Java code do?
public Object function()
{
	if(isEmpty())
	return -999;
	else
	{
		Object high;
		high = q[front];
		return high;
	}
}

Choices:
- Dequeue
- Enqueue
- Return the front element
- Return the last element


Question:
What is the output of the following Java code?
public class CircularQueue
{
	protected static final int CAPACITY = 100;
	protected int size,front,rear;
	protected Object q[];
	int count = 0;

	public CircularQueue()
	{
		this(CAPACITY);
	}
	public CircularQueue (int n)
	{
		size = n;
		front = 0;
		rear = 0;
		q = new Object[size];
	}

	public void enqueue(Object item)
	{
		if(count == size)
		{
			System.out.println("Queue overflow");
				return;
		}
		else
		{
			q[rear] = item;
			rear = (rear+1)%size;
			count++;
		}
	}
	public Object dequeue()
	{
		if(count == 0)
		{
			System.out.println("Queue underflow");
			return 0;
		}
		else
		{
			Object ele = q[front];
			q[front] = null;
			front = (front+1)%size;
			count--;
			return ele;
		}
	}
	public Object frontElement()
	{
		if(count == 0)
		return -999;
		else
		{
			Object high;
			high = q[front];
			return high;
		}
	}
	public Object rearElement()
	{
		if(count == 0)
		return -999;
		else
		{
			Object low;
			rear = (rear-1)%size;
			low = q[rear];
			rear = (rear+1)%size;
			return low;
		}
	}
}
public class CircularQueueDemo
{
	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		Object var;
		CircularQueue myQ = new CircularQueue();
		myQ.enqueue(10);
		myQ.enqueue(3);
		var = myQ.rearElement();
		myQ.dequeue();
		myQ.enqueue(6);
		var = mQ.frontElement();
		System.out.println(var+" "+var);
	}
}

Choices:
- 3 3
- 3 6
- 6 6
- 10 6


Question:
What is the functionality of the following piece of code?
public void insert_key(int key,Object item)
{
	if(key<0)
	{
		Systerm.our.println("invalid");
		System.exit(0);
	}
	else
	{
		Node temp = new Node(key,item,null);
		if(count == 0)
		{
			head.setNext(temp);
			temp.setNext(trail);
		}
		else
		{
			Node dup = head.getNext();
			Node cur = head;
			while((key>dup.getKey()) && (dup!=trail))
			{
				dup = cur
				cur = cur.getNext();
			}
			cur.setNext(dup);
			temp.setNext(cur);
		}
		count++;
	}
}

Choices:
- Delete the second element in the list
- Return but not delete the second element in the list
- Delete the first element in the list
- Return but not delete the first element in the list


Question:
d)
public void function(Object item)
{
	Node temp = new Node(item,null);
	if(isEmpty())
	{
		Node cur = head.getNext();
		temp.setNext(cur);
		cur.setNext(temp);
	}
	else
	{
		head.setNext(trail);
		trail.setNext(temp);
	}
	size++;
}

Choices:
- Insert at the front end of the dequeue
- Insert at the rear end of the dequeue
- Fetch the element at the rear end of the dequeue
- Fetch the element at the front end of the dequeue


Question:
After performing these set of operations, what does the final list look contain?
InsertFront(10);
InsertFront(20);
InsertRear(30);
DeleteFront();
InsertRear(40);
InsertRear(10);
DeleteRear();
InsertRear(15);
display();

Choices:
- 10 30 10 15
- 20 30 40 15
- 20 30 40 10
- 10 30 40 15


Question:
d)
public int pop()
{
	int res=-999,count=0;
	if(q1.size()>0)
        {
		count = q2.size();
		while(count>1)
			q2.offer(q1.poll());
		res = q1.poll();
	}
	if(q2.size()>0)
        {
		count = q1.size();
		while(count>1)
			q1.offer(q2.poll());
		res = q2.poll();
	}
	return res;
}

Choices:
- Perform push() with push as the costlier operation
- Perform push() with pop as the costlier operation
- Perform pop() with push as the costlier operation
- Perform pop() with pop as the costlier operation


Question:
d)
public boolean isBalanced(String exp)
{
	int len = exp.length();
	Stack<Integer> stk = new Stack<Integer>();
	for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        {
		char ch = exp.charAt(i);
                if (ch == '(')
                stk.push(i);
                else if (ch == ')')
                {
			if(stk.peek() != null)
                        {
				return false;
			}
			stk.pop();
		}
	}
	return true;
  }

Choices:
- O(logn)
- O(n)
- O(1)
- O(nlogn)


Question:
In the given C snippet, find the statement number that has error.
//C code to push an element into a stack
1. void push( struct stack *s, int x)
2. {
3.     if(s->top==MAX-1)
4.     {
5.         printf(“stack overflow”);
6.     }
7.     else
8.     {
9.         s->items[++s->top]=x;
10.        s++;
11.    }
12. }

Choices:
- 1
- 9
- 10
- 11


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
A+(B*C)

Choices:
- +A*CB
- *B+AC
- +A*BC
- *A+CB


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
(A*B)+(C*D)

Choices:
- +*AB*CD
- *+AB*CD
- **AB+CD
- +*BA*CD


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
A+B*C^D

Choices:
- +A*B^CD
- +A^B*CD
- *A+B^CD
- ^A*B+CD


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
A^B^C^D

Choices:
- ^^^ABCD
- ^A^B^CD
- ABCD^^^
- AB^C^D


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
a+b-c/d&e|f

Choices:
- |&-+ab/cdef
- &|-+ab/cdef
- |&-ab+/cdef
- |&-+/abcdef


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
(a+(b/c)*(d^e)-f)

Choices:
- -+a*/^bcdef
- -+a*/bc^def
- -+a*b/c^def
- -a+*/bc^def


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation and Postfix notation for the given equation?
A+B+C

Choices:
- ++ABC and AB+C+
- AB+C+ and ++ABC
- ABC++ and AB+C+
- ABC+ and ABC+


Question:
What would be the Prefix notation for the given equation?
a|b&c

Choices:
- a|&bc
- &|abc
- |a&bc
- ab&|c


Question:
What is the postfix expression for the corresponding infix expression?
a+b*c+(d*e)

Choices:
- abc*+de*+
- abc+*de*+
- a+bc*de+*
- abc*+(de)*+


Question:
What is the postfix expression for the infix expression?
a-b-c

Choices:
- -ab-c
- ab – c –
- – -abc
- -ab-c


Question:
What is the postfix expression for the following infix expression?
a/b^c-d

Choices:
- abc^/d-
- ab/cd^-
- ab/^cd-
- abcd^/-


Question:
What is the corresponding postfix expression for the given infix expression?
a*(b+c)/d

Choices:
- ab*+cd/
- ab+*cd/
- abc*+/d
- abc+*d/


Question:
What is the corresponding postfix expression for the given infix expression?
a+(b*c(d/e^f)*g)*h)

Choices:
- ab*cdef/^*g-h+
- abcdef^/*g*h*+
- abcd*^ed/g*-h*+
- abc*de^fg/*-*h+