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license: cc
---
# ACYD: Agricultural Crop Yield Dataset
## Overview
The Agricultural Crop Yield Dataset (ACYD) provides weekly, admin-2 level covariates for Argentina, Brazil, and the USA from 1979–2024.
It is designed for **crop yield prediction and benchmarking**.
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## Variables
### Weather Variables
- Temperature 2m max
- Temperature 2m min
- Wind speed 10m
- Reference evapotranspiration (RefET)
- Vapor pressure
- Snow water equivalent
- Solar radiation
- Precipitation
**Source:**
- 1979-2024: AG-ERA5, collected daily and averaged weekly. 495 departments and no missing values.
**Processing:** Applied HYDE-3.5 cropland mask within admin boundaries for each year; values are weighted averages over cropland fraction.
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### Land Surface Variables
* Leaf Area Index (LAI) Low (crops, grass, shrubs, etc.)
* Leaf Area Index (LAI) High (forests, woody vegetation)
* Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
483 departments and there are some missing values (see below)
**Source:**
* LAI: ERA5 Landscape Reanalysis, collected weekly and averaged.
* NDVI: NOAA AVHRR Climate Data Record (CDR), collected weekly and averaged.
* 1982–2013: AVHRR NDVI (Version 4, derived from AVHRR Surface Reflectance).
* 2014–2024: NOAA Climate Data Record of AVHRR NDVI (updated product).
**Processing:**
Applied HYDE-3.5 cropland mask within admin boundaries for each year; values are weighted averages over cropland fraction.
LAI does not have missing values; however, NDVI does have missing weeks, particularly during the years 1994 and earlier. Missing values are kept as NaN.
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### Soil Variables
- Bulk density
- Cation exchange capacity (CEC)
- Clay content
- Coarse fragments
- Nitrogen content
- Organic carbon density
- Organic carbon content
- Soil pH (H₂O)
- Sand fraction
- Silt fraction
**Source:** SoilGrids / ISRIC (static soil properties) published in 2020. 500 departments and no missing value.
**Processing:** Aggregated at the admin-2 level **(no cropland mask applied)**.
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## Geography
- **Argentina**
- weather: 495 departments,
- Land Surface: 483 departments
- soil: 500 departments
- crop yields: vary 181-296 departments
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## Crops Covered
- **Argentina:** Corn, Soybean, Sunflower, Wheat
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## Time Span
- weather, LAI: 1979–2024
- crop yields: 1970–2025 (depending on crop/country)
- soil: static (data was first published in 2020)
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## Files
- **Raw files** — direct pulls from source datasets.
- **Processed CSVs** — one file per variable, aggregated to admin-2 units, with weighted average on the boundaries.
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## Licenses
This dataset (ACYD) integrates multiple open data sources.
All preprocessing code and benchmark packaging is released under the **MIT License**.
The underlying data retains its original licenses:
- ERA5 / AgERA5: Copernicus license (CC BY 4.0 equivalent)
- NOAA AVHRR NDVI: Public Domain (U.S. Government work)
- HYDE 3.5 Cropland: CC BY 4.0
- USDA NASS (USA yields): Public Domain
- IBGE (Brazil yields): CC BY 3.0
- MAGyP (Argentina yields): CC BY 4.0
- FAO (if included): CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
Users must comply with these original licenses when reusing the dataset. |