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license: cc
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# ACYD: Agricultural Crop Yield Dataset

## Overview
The Agricultural Crop Yield Dataset (ACYD) provides weekly, admin-2 level covariates for Argentina, Brazil, and the USA from 1979–2024.  
It is designed for **crop yield prediction and benchmarking**.

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## Variables

### Weather Variables
- Temperature 2m max  
- Temperature 2m min  
- Wind speed 10m  
- Reference evapotranspiration (RefET)  
- Vapor pressure  
- Snow water equivalent  
- Solar radiation  
- Precipitation  

**Source:** 
- 1979-2024: AG-ERA5, collected daily and averaged weekly. 495 departments and no missing values.
**Processing:** Applied HYDE-3.5 cropland mask within admin boundaries for each year; values are weighted averages over cropland fraction.  

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### Land Surface Variables

* Leaf Area Index (LAI) Low (crops, grass, shrubs, etc.)
* Leaf Area Index (LAI) High (forests, woody vegetation)
* Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

483 departments and there are some missing values (see below)

**Source:**

* LAI: ERA5 Landscape Reanalysis, collected weekly and averaged.
* NDVI: NOAA AVHRR Climate Data Record (CDR), collected weekly and averaged.

  * 1982–2013: AVHRR NDVI (Version 4, derived from AVHRR Surface Reflectance).
  * 2014–2024: NOAA Climate Data Record of AVHRR NDVI (updated product).

**Processing:**

Applied HYDE-3.5 cropland mask within admin boundaries for each year; values are weighted averages over cropland fraction. 

LAI does not have missing values; however, NDVI does have missing weeks, particularly during the years 1994 and earlier. Missing values are kept as NaN.

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### Soil Variables
- Bulk density  
- Cation exchange capacity (CEC)  
- Clay content  
- Coarse fragments  
- Nitrogen content  
- Organic carbon density  
- Organic carbon content  
- Soil pH (H₂O)  
- Sand fraction  
- Silt fraction  

**Source:** SoilGrids / ISRIC (static soil properties) published in 2020. 500 departments and no missing value.
**Processing:** Aggregated at the admin-2 level **(no cropland mask applied)**.  

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## Geography
- **Argentina**
  - weather: 495 departments,
  - Land Surface: 483 departments
  - soil: 500 departments
  - crop yields: vary 181-296 departments

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## Crops Covered
- **Argentina:** Corn, Soybean, Sunflower, Wheat  
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## Time Span
- weather, LAI: 1979–2024
- crop yields: 1970–2025 (depending on crop/country)
- soil: static (data was first published in 2020)

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## Files
- **Raw files** — direct pulls from source datasets.  
- **Processed CSVs** — one file per variable, aggregated to admin-2 units, with weighted average on the boundaries.

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## Licenses

This dataset (ACYD) integrates multiple open data sources.  
All preprocessing code and benchmark packaging is released under the **MIT License**.  
The underlying data retains its original licenses:

- ERA5 / AgERA5: Copernicus license (CC BY 4.0 equivalent)  
- NOAA AVHRR NDVI: Public Domain (U.S. Government work)  
- HYDE 3.5 Cropland: CC BY 4.0  
- USDA NASS (USA yields): Public Domain  
- IBGE (Brazil yields): CC BY 3.0  
- MAGyP (Argentina yields): CC BY 4.0  
- FAO (if included): CC BY-NC-SA 3.0  

Users must comply with these original licenses when reusing the dataset.