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706.2414
Maxwell Equations with Accounting of Tensor Properties of Time
The Maxwell equations with accounting for tensors properties of time have been considered. The effects that follow from such consideration are described. These are the appearance of vacuum polarization, anisotropy of electromagnetic wave velocity in vacuum, anisotropy of the vacuum dielectric permittivity, rotation of light polarization plane, as well as the existence of longitudinal components of electromagnetic wave and the rotational (non-potential) component of electric field caused by electric charges.
physics.optics
the maxwell equations with accounting for tensors properties of time have been considered the effects that follow from such consideration are described these are the appearance of vacuum polarization anisotropy of electromagnetic wave velocity in vacuum anisotropy of the vacuum dielectric permittivity rotation of light polarization plane as well as the existence of longitudinal components of electromagnetic wave and the rotational nonpotential component of electric field caused by electric charges
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706.2415
Multifractality and scale invariance in human heartbeat dynamics
Human heart rate is known to display complex fluctuations. Evidence of multifractality in heart rate fluctuations in healthy state has been reported [Ivanov et al., Nature {\bf 399}, 461 (1999)]. This multifractal character could be manifested as a dependence on scale or beat number of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the heart rate increments. On the other hand, scale invariance has been recently reported in a detrended analysis of healthy heart rate increments [Kiyono et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 93}, 178103 (2004)]. In this paper, we resolve this paradox by clarifying that the scale invariance reported is actually exhibited by the PDFs of the sum of detrended healthy heartbeat intervals taken over different number of beats, and demonstrating that the PDFs of detrended healthy heart rate increments are scale dependent. Our work also establishes that this scale invariance is a general feature of human heartbeat dynamics, which is shared by heart rate fluctuations in both healthy and pathological states.
nlin.CD
human heart rate is known to display complex fluctuations evidence of multifractality in heart rate fluctuations in healthy state has been reported ivanov et al nature bf 399 461 1999 this multifractal character could be manifested as a dependence on scale or beat number of the probability density functions pdfs of the heart rate increments on the other hand scale invariance has been recently reported in a detrended analysis of healthy heart rate increments kiyono et al phys rev lett bf 93 178103 2004 in this paper we resolve this paradox by clarifying that the scale invariance reported is actually exhibited by the pdfs of the sum of detrended healthy heartbeat intervals taken over different number of beats and demonstrating that the pdfs of detrended healthy heart rate increments are scale dependent our work also establishes that this scale invariance is a general feature of human heartbeat dynamics which is shared by heart rate fluctuations in both healthy and pathological states
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706.2416
Dynamical Systems on Three Manifolds Part I: Knots, Links and Chaos
In this paper, we give an explicit construction of dynamical systems (defined within a solid torus) containing any knot (or link) and arbitrarily knotted chaos. The first is achieved by expressing the knots in terms of braids, defining a system containing the braids and extending periodically to obtain a system naturally defined on a torus and which contains the given knotted trajectories. To get explicit differential equations for dynamical systems containing the braids, we will use a certain function to define a tube neigbourhood of the braid. The second one, generating chaotic systems, is realized by modeling the Smale horseshoe.
nlin.CD
in this paper we give an explicit construction of dynamical systems defined within a solid torus containing any knot or link and arbitrarily knotted chaos the first is achieved by expressing the knots in terms of braids defining a system containing the braids and extending periodically to obtain a system naturally defined on a torus and which contains the given knotted trajectories to get explicit differential equations for dynamical systems containing the braids we will use a certain function to define a tube neigbourhood of the braid the second one generating chaotic systems is realized by modeling the smale horseshoe
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706.2417
Investigating interaction-induced chaos using time-dependent density functional theory
Systems whose underlying classical dynamics are chaotic exhibit signatures of the chaos in their quantum mechanics. We investigate the possibility of using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to study the case when chaos is induced by electron-interaction alone. Nearest-neighbour level-spacing statistics are in principle exactly and directly accessible from TDDFT. We discuss how the TDDFT linear response procedure can reveal the mechanism of chaos induced by electron-interaction alone. A simple model of a two-electron quantum dot highlights the necessity to go beyond the adiabatic approximation in TDDFT.
cond-mat.other cond-mat.stat-mech
systems whose underlying classical dynamics are chaotic exhibit signatures of the chaos in their quantum mechanics we investigate the possibility of using timedependent density functional theory tddft to study the case when chaos is induced by electroninteraction alone nearestneighbour levelspacing statistics are in principle exactly and directly accessible from tddft we discuss how the tddft linear response procedure can reveal the mechanism of chaos induced by electroninteraction alone a simple model of a twoelectron quantum dot highlights the necessity to go beyond the adiabatic approximation in tddft
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706.2418
The calculus structure of the Hochschild homology/cohomology of preprojective algebras of Dynkin quivers
The Hochschild homology/cohomology an associative algebra, together with the Connes differential, the contraction map and the Lie derivative, forms the structure of calculus. In this paper we compute explicitely the calculus structure of preprojective algebras of Dynkin quivers over a field of characteristic zero. This also completes the work in math.AG/0502301, where the Batalin-Vilkovisky structure of the Hochschild cohomology of preprojective algebras of non-Dynkin quivers are computed and the calculus can be easily computed from that.
math.RT math.QA
the hochschild homologycohomology an associative algebra together with the connes differential the contraction map and the lie derivative forms the structure of calculus in this paper we compute explicitely the calculus structure of preprojective algebras of dynkin quivers over a field of characteristic zero this also completes the work in mathag0502301 where the batalinvilkovisky structure of the hochschild cohomology of preprojective algebras of nondynkin quivers are computed and the calculus can be easily computed from that
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706.2419
Bose-Einstein condensation in semiconductors: the key role of dark excitons
The non elementary-boson nature of excitons controls Bose-Einstein condensation in semiconductors. Composite excitons interact predominantly through Pauli exclusion; this produces dramatic couplings between bright and dark states. In microcavities, where bright excitons and photons form polaritons, they force the condensate to be linearly polarized--as observed. In bulk, they also force linear polarization, but of dark states, due to interband Coulomb scatterings. To evidence this dark condensate, we thus need indirect processes, like the shift it induces on the (bright) exciton line.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other
the non elementaryboson nature of excitons controls boseeinstein condensation in semiconductors composite excitons interact predominantly through pauli exclusion this produces dramatic couplings between bright and dark states in microcavities where bright excitons and photons form polaritons they force the condensate to be linearly polarizedas observed in bulk they also force linear polarization but of dark states due to interband coulomb scatterings to evidence this dark condensate we thus need indirect processes like the shift it induces on the bright exciton line
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706.242
Higher K-theory via universal invariants
Using the formalism of Grothendieck's derivators, we construct `the universal localizing invariant of dg categories'. By this, we mean a morphism U_l from the pointed derivator associated with the Morita homotopy theory of dg categories to a triangulated strong derivator M^loc such that U_l commutes with filtered homotopy colimits, preserves the point, sends each exact sequence of dg categories to a triangle and is universal for these properties. Similary, we construct the `the universal additive invariant of dg categories', i.e. the universal morphism of derivators U_a to a strong triangulated derivator M^add which satisfies the first two properties but the third one only for split exact sequences. We prove that Waldhausen K-theory appears as a mapping space in the target of the universal additive invariant. This is the first conceptual characterization of Quillen-Waldhausen's K-theory since its definition in the early 70's. As an application we obtain for free the higher Chern characters from K-theory to cyclic homology.
math.KT math.AT
using the formalism of grothendiecks derivators we construct the universal localizing invariant of dg categories by this we mean a morphism u_l from the pointed derivator associated with the morita homotopy theory of dg categories to a triangulated strong derivator mloc such that u_l commutes with filtered homotopy colimits preserves the point sends each exact sequence of dg categories to a triangle and is universal for these properties similary we construct the the universal additive invariant of dg categories ie the universal morphism of derivators u_a to a strong triangulated derivator madd which satisfies the first two properties but the third one only for split exact sequences we prove that waldhausen ktheory appears as a mapping space in the target of the universal additive invariant this is the first conceptual characterization of quillenwaldhausens ktheory since its definition in the early 70s as an application we obtain for free the higher chern characters from ktheory to cyclic homology
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706.2421
A Simple Method Which Generates Infinitely Many Congruence Identities
A simple method called symbolic representation for piecewise linear functions on the real line is introduced and used to compute the numbers of periodic points of all periods for some such functions. Since, for every positive integer m, the number of periodic points of minimal period m must be divisible by m, we obtain infinitely many congruence identities.
math.NT math.DS
a simple method called symbolic representation for piecewise linear functions on the real line is introduced and used to compute the numbers of periodic points of all periods for some such functions since for every positive integer m the number of periodic points of minimal period m must be divisible by m we obtain infinitely many congruence identities
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706.2422
Pulse-shape discrimination with PbWO$_4$ crystal scintillators
The light output, $\alpha/\beta$ ratio, and pulse shape have been investigated at $-25^\circ$ C with PbWO$_4$ crystal scintillators undoped, and doped by F, Eu, Mo, Gd and S. The fast $0.01-0.06 \mu$s and middle $0.1-0.5 \mu$s components of scintillation decay were observed for all the samples. Slow components of scintillation signal with the decay times $1-3 \mu$s and $13-28 \mu$s with the total intensity up to $\approx50%$ have been recognized for several samples doped by Molybdenum. We found some indications of a pulse-shape discrimination between $\alpha$ particles and $\gamma$ quanta with PbWO$_4$ (Mo doped) crystal scintillators.
nucl-ex
the light output alphabeta ratio and pulse shape have been investigated at 25circ c with pbwo_4 crystal scintillators undoped and doped by f eu mo gd and s the fast 001006 mus and middle 0105 mus components of scintillation decay were observed for all the samples slow components of scintillation signal with the decay times 13 mus and 1328 mus with the total intensity up to approx50 have been recognized for several samples doped by molybdenum we found some indications of a pulseshape discrimination between alpha particles and gamma quanta with pbwo_4 mo doped crystal scintillators
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706.2423
Finite versus zero-temperature hysteretic behavior of spin glasses: Experiment and theory
We present experimental results attempting to fingerprint nonanalyticities in the magnetization curves of spin glasses found by Katzgraber et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 257202 (2002)] via zero-temperature Monte Carlo simulations of the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass. Our results show that the singularities at zero temperature due to the reversal-field memory effect are washed out by the finite temperatures of the experiments. The data are analyzed via the first order reversal curve (FORC) magnetic fingerprinting method. The experimental results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations of the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass at finite temperatures which agree qualitatively very well with the experimental results. This suggests that the hysteretic behavior of real Ising spin-glass materials is well described by the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass. Furthermore, reversal-field memory is a purely zero-temperature effect.
cond-mat.dis-nn
we present experimental results attempting to fingerprint nonanalyticities in the magnetization curves of spin glasses found by katzgraber et al phys rev lett 89 257202 2002 via zerotemperature monte carlo simulations of the edwardsanderson ising spin glass our results show that the singularities at zero temperature due to the reversalfield memory effect are washed out by the finite temperatures of the experiments the data are analyzed via the first order reversal curve forc magnetic fingerprinting method the experimental results are supported by monte carlo simulations of the edwardsanderson ising spin glass at finite temperatures which agree qualitatively very well with the experimental results this suggests that the hysteretic behavior of real ising spinglass materials is well described by the edwardsanderson ising spin glass furthermore reversalfield memory is a purely zerotemperature effect
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706.2424
Anchoring effects at the isotropic-nematic interface in liquid crystals
The isotropic-to-nematic transition in liquid crystals is studied in d=3 spatial dimensions. A simulation method is proposed to measure the angle dependent interfacial tension g(theta), with theta the anchoring angle of the nematic phase at the interface. In addition, an alternative liquid crystal model is introduced, defined on a lattice. The advantage of the lattice model is that accurate simulations of anchoring effects become possible. For the lattice model, g(theta) depends sensitively on the nearest-neighbor pair interaction, and both stable and metastable anchoring angles can be detected. We also measure g(theta) for an off-lattice fluid of soft rods. For soft rods, only one stable anchoring angle is found, corresponding to homogeneous alignment of the nematic director in the plane of the interface. This finding is in agreement with most theoretical predictions obtained for hard rods.
cond-mat.soft
the isotropictonematic transition in liquid crystals is studied in d3 spatial dimensions a simulation method is proposed to measure the angle dependent interfacial tension gtheta with theta the anchoring angle of the nematic phase at the interface in addition an alternative liquid crystal model is introduced defined on a lattice the advantage of the lattice model is that accurate simulations of anchoring effects become possible for the lattice model gtheta depends sensitively on the nearestneighbor pair interaction and both stable and metastable anchoring angles can be detected we also measure gtheta for an offlattice fluid of soft rods for soft rods only one stable anchoring angle is found corresponding to homogeneous alignment of the nematic director in the plane of the interface this finding is in agreement with most theoretical predictions obtained for hard rods
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706.2425
Long time viscosity of dilute magnetorheological dispersions under periodic magnetic perturbations
The effect of periodic magnetic perturbations on the rheological properties of a low concentration magnetorheological dispersion is studied experimentally. It is found that an important increment in the measured viscosity occurs when in addition to a static field a magnetic periodic perturbation is applied. The magnitude of these changes depend on the amplitude and frequency of the perturbation as well as on the simultaneity of the application of the static field and the perturbation. These findings are discussed in terms of the observed rearrangement of the cluster structure in the dispersion.
cond-mat.soft
the effect of periodic magnetic perturbations on the rheological properties of a low concentration magnetorheological dispersion is studied experimentally it is found that an important increment in the measured viscosity occurs when in addition to a static field a magnetic periodic perturbation is applied the magnitude of these changes depend on the amplitude and frequency of the perturbation as well as on the simultaneity of the application of the static field and the perturbation these findings are discussed in terms of the observed rearrangement of the cluster structure in the dispersion
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706.2426
Structural Relations between Harmonic Sums up to w=6
Multiply nested finite harmonic sums $S_{a_1 ... a_n}(N)$ occur in many single scale higher order calculations in Quantum Field Theory. We discuss their algebraic and structural relations to weight {\sf w=6}. As an example, we consider the application of these relations to the soft and virtual corrections for Bhabha-scattering to $O(\alpha^2)$.
hep-ph math-ph math.MP
multiply nested finite harmonic sums s_a_1 a_nn occur in many single scale higher order calculations in quantum field theory we discuss their algebraic and structural relations to weight sf w6 as an example we consider the application of these relations to the soft and virtual corrections for bhabhascattering to oalpha2
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706.2427
Dynamic radiation force of a pulsed Gaussian beam acting on a Rayleigh dielectric sphere
We investigate the dynamic evolution of the radiation forces produced by the pulsed Gaussian beams acting on a Rayleigh dielectric sphere. We derive the analytical expressions for the scattering force and all components of the ponderomotive force induced by the pulsed Gaussian beams. Our analysis shows that the radiation force, for both the transverse and longitudinal components, can be greatly enhanced as the pulse duration decreases. It is further found that for the pulse with long pulse duration, it can be used for the stable trapping and manipulating the particle, while for the pulse with short pulse duration it may be used for guiding and moving the small dielectric particle. Finally we discuss the stability conditions of the effective manipulating the particle by the pulsed beam.
physics.optics
we investigate the dynamic evolution of the radiation forces produced by the pulsed gaussian beams acting on a rayleigh dielectric sphere we derive the analytical expressions for the scattering force and all components of the ponderomotive force induced by the pulsed gaussian beams our analysis shows that the radiation force for both the transverse and longitudinal components can be greatly enhanced as the pulse duration decreases it is further found that for the pulse with long pulse duration it can be used for the stable trapping and manipulating the particle while for the pulse with short pulse duration it may be used for guiding and moving the small dielectric particle finally we discuss the stability conditions of the effective manipulating the particle by the pulsed beam
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706.2428
Multi-Hamiltonian structure for the finite defocusing Ablowitz-Ladik equation
We study the Poisson structure associated to the defocusing Ablowitz-Ladik equation from a functional-analytical point of view, by reexpressing the Poisson bracket in terms of the associated Caratheodory function. Using this expression, we are able to introduce a family of compatible Poisson brackets which form a multi-Hamiltonian structure for the Ablowitz-Ladik equation. Furthermore, we show using some of these new Poisson brackets that the Geronimus relations between orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and those on the interval define an algebraic and symplectic mapping between the Ablowitz-Ladik and Toda hierarchies.
nlin.SI math-ph math.MP
we study the poisson structure associated to the defocusing ablowitzladik equation from a functionalanalytical point of view by reexpressing the poisson bracket in terms of the associated caratheodory function using this expression we are able to introduce a family of compatible poisson brackets which form a multihamiltonian structure for the ablowitzladik equation furthermore we show using some of these new poisson brackets that the geronimus relations between orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle and those on the interval define an algebraic and symplectic mapping between the ablowitzladik and toda hierarchies
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706.2429
Universal discriminator for completely unknown optical qubits
We propose an experimental setup that is capable of unambiguously discriminating any pair of linearly independent single photon polarization qubits, about which we don't have any knowledge except that an extra pair of these unknown states are provided as the reference. This setup, which is constructed with optical CNOT gates, weak cross Kerr non-linearities, Bell state analysers and other linear optical elements, transforms the unknown triple photon input states to the corresponding single photon states to be deterministically processed by linear optics circuit. The optimal discrimination of the unknown states is achieved by this setup.
quant-ph
we propose an experimental setup that is capable of unambiguously discriminating any pair of linearly independent single photon polarization qubits about which we dont have any knowledge except that an extra pair of these unknown states are provided as the reference this setup which is constructed with optical cnot gates weak cross kerr nonlinearities bell state analysers and other linear optical elements transforms the unknown triple photon input states to the corresponding single photon states to be deterministically processed by linear optics circuit the optimal discrimination of the unknown states is achieved by this setup
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706.243
$\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$ and $\alpha_s(M_Z^2)$ from DIS Structure Functions
A brief summary is given on recent determinations of $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$ and $\alpha_s(M_Z^2)$ from deeply inelastic structure functions.
hep-ph hep-ex
a brief summary is given on recent determinations of lambda_rm qcd and alpha_sm_z2 from deeply inelastic structure functions
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706.2431
On the Cordial Deficiency of Complete Multipartite Graphs
We calculate the cordial edge deficiencies of the complete multipartite graphs and find an upper bound for their cordial vertex deficiencies. We also give conditions under which the tensor product of two cordial graphs is cordial.
math.CO
we calculate the cordial edge deficiencies of the complete multipartite graphs and find an upper bound for their cordial vertex deficiencies we also give conditions under which the tensor product of two cordial graphs is cordial
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706.2432
Toolbox for entanglement detection and fidelity estimation
The determination of the state fidelity and the detection of entanglement are fundamental problems in quantum information experiments. We investigate how these goals can be achieved with a minimal effort. We show that the fidelity of GHZ and W states can be determined with an effort increasing only linearly with the number of qubits. We also present simple and robust methods for other states, such as cluster states and states in decoherence-free subspaces.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
the determination of the state fidelity and the detection of entanglement are fundamental problems in quantum information experiments we investigate how these goals can be achieved with a minimal effort we show that the fidelity of ghz and w states can be determined with an effort increasing only linearly with the number of qubits we also present simple and robust methods for other states such as cluster states and states in decoherencefree subspaces
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706.2433
A system for constructing relatively small polyhedra from Sonob\'e modules
We develop a quite elementary graph theoretic system for designing small-size augmented origami polyhedra out of Sonob\'e modules beginning with a (convex or not) deltahedron.
math.GM
we develop a quite elementary graph theoretic system for designing smallsize augmented origami polyhedra out of sonobe modules beginning with a convex or not deltahedron
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706.2434
Interference and Outage in Clustered Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
In the analysis of large random wireless networks, the underlying node distribution is almost ubiquitously assumed to be the homogeneous Poisson point process. In this paper, the node locations are assumed to form a Poisson clustered process on the plane. We derive the distributional properties of the interference and provide upper and lower bounds for its CCDF. We consider the probability of successful transmission in an interference limited channel when fading is modeled as Rayleigh. We provide a numerically integrable expression for the outage probability and closed-form upper and lower bounds.We show that when the transmitter-receiver distance is large, the success probability is greater than that of a Poisson arrangement. These results characterize the performance of the system under geographical or MAC-induced clustering. We obtain the maximum intensity of transmitting nodes for a given outage constraint, i.e., the transmission capacity (of this spatial arrangement) and show that it is equal to that of a Poisson arrangement of nodes. For the analysis, techniques from stochastic geometry are used, in particular the probability generating functional of Poisson cluster processes, the Palm characterization of Poisson cluster processes and the Campbell-Mecke theorem.
cs.IT math.IT
in the analysis of large random wireless networks the underlying node distribution is almost ubiquitously assumed to be the homogeneous poisson point process in this paper the node locations are assumed to form a poisson clustered process on the plane we derive the distributional properties of the interference and provide upper and lower bounds for its ccdf we consider the probability of successful transmission in an interference limited channel when fading is modeled as rayleigh we provide a numerically integrable expression for the outage probability and closedform upper and lower boundswe show that when the transmitterreceiver distance is large the success probability is greater than that of a poisson arrangement these results characterize the performance of the system under geographical or macinduced clustering we obtain the maximum intensity of transmitting nodes for a given outage constraint ie the transmission capacity of this spatial arrangement and show that it is equal to that of a poisson arrangement of nodes for the analysis techniques from stochastic geometry are used in particular the probability generating functional of poisson cluster processes the palm characterization of poisson cluster processes and the campbellmecke theorem
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706.2435
Orbital Dynamics of Binary Boson Star Systems
We extend our previous studies of head-on collisions of boson stars by considering orbiting binary boson stars. We concentrate on equal mass binaries and study the dynamical behavior of boson/boson and boson/antiboson pairs. We examine the gravitational wave output of these binaries and compare with other compact binaries. Such a comparison lets us probe the apparent simplicity observed in gravitational waves produced by black hole binary systems. In our system of interest however, there is an additional internal freedom which plays a significant role in the system's dynamics, namely the phase of each star. Our evolutions show rather simple behavior at early times, but large differences occur at late times for the various initial configurations.
gr-qc astro-ph math-ph math.MP
we extend our previous studies of headon collisions of boson stars by considering orbiting binary boson stars we concentrate on equal mass binaries and study the dynamical behavior of bosonboson and bosonantiboson pairs we examine the gravitational wave output of these binaries and compare with other compact binaries such a comparison lets us probe the apparent simplicity observed in gravitational waves produced by black hole binary systems in our system of interest however there is an additional internal freedom which plays a significant role in the systems dynamics namely the phase of each star our evolutions show rather simple behavior at early times but large differences occur at late times for the various initial configurations
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706.2436
Hollow Gaussian Schell-model beam and its propagation
In this paper, we present a new model, hollow Gaussian-Schell model beams (HGSMBs), to describe the practical dark hollow beams. An analytical propagation formula for HGSMBs passing through a paraxial first-order optical system is derived based on the theory of coherence. Based on the derived formula, an application example showing the influence of spatial coherence on the propagation of beams is illustrated. It is found that the beam propagating properties of HGSMBs will be greatly affected by their spatial coherence. Our model provides a very convenient way for analyzing the propagation properties of partially coherent dark hollow beams.
physics.optics
in this paper we present a new model hollow gaussianschell model beams hgsmbs to describe the practical dark hollow beams an analytical propagation formula for hgsmbs passing through a paraxial firstorder optical system is derived based on the theory of coherence based on the derived formula an application example showing the influence of spatial coherence on the propagation of beams is illustrated it is found that the beam propagating properties of hgsmbs will be greatly affected by their spatial coherence our model provides a very convenient way for analyzing the propagation properties of partially coherent dark hollow beams
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706.2437
Analysis of the expected number of bit comparisons required by Quickselect
When algorithms for sorting and searching are applied to keys that are represented as bit strings, we can quantify the performance of the algorithms not only in terms of the number of key comparisons required by the algorithms but also in terms of the number of bit comparisons. Some of the standard sorting and searching algorithms have been analyzed with respect to key comparisons but not with respect to bit comparisons. In this paper, we investigate the expected number of bit comparisons required by Quickselect (also known as Find). We develop exact and asymptotic formulae for the expected number of bit comparisons required to find the smallest or largest key by Quickselect and show that the expectation is asymptotically linear with respect to the number of keys. Similar results are obtained for the average case. For finding keys of arbitrary rank, we derive an exact formula for the expected number of bit comparisons that (using rational arithmetic) requires only finite summation (rather than such operations as numerical integration) and use it to compute the expectation for each target rank.
math.PR
when algorithms for sorting and searching are applied to keys that are represented as bit strings we can quantify the performance of the algorithms not only in terms of the number of key comparisons required by the algorithms but also in terms of the number of bit comparisons some of the standard sorting and searching algorithms have been analyzed with respect to key comparisons but not with respect to bit comparisons in this paper we investigate the expected number of bit comparisons required by quickselect also known as find we develop exact and asymptotic formulae for the expected number of bit comparisons required to find the smallest or largest key by quickselect and show that the expectation is asymptotically linear with respect to the number of keys similar results are obtained for the average case for finding keys of arbitrary rank we derive an exact formula for the expected number of bit comparisons that using rational arithmetic requires only finite summation rather than such operations as numerical integration and use it to compute the expectation for each target rank
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706.2438
Adelic amoebas disjoint from open halfspaces
We show that a conjecture of Einsiedler, Kapranov, and Lind on adelic amoebas of subvarieties of tori and their intersections with open halfspaces of complementary dimension is false for subvarieties of codimension greater than one that have degenerate projections to smaller dimensional tori. We prove a suitably modified version of the conjecture using algebraic methods, functoriality of tropicalization, and a theorem of Zhang on torsion points in subvarieties of tori.
math.AG math.DS
we show that a conjecture of einsiedler kapranov and lind on adelic amoebas of subvarieties of tori and their intersections with open halfspaces of complementary dimension is false for subvarieties of codimension greater than one that have degenerate projections to smaller dimensional tori we prove a suitably modified version of the conjecture using algebraic methods functoriality of tropicalization and a theorem of zhang on torsion points in subvarieties of tori
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706.2439
Minimal intersection of curves on surfaces
In the eighties Goldman discovered a Lie algebra structure on the vector space generated by the free homotopy classes of oriented curves on an oriented surface. The Lie bracket [a,b] is defined as the signed sum over the intersection points of a and b of the loop product of at the intersection points. If one of the classes has a simple representative we give a combinatorial group theory description of the terms of the Lie bracket and prove that this bracket has as many terms, counted with multiplicity, as the minimal number of intersection points of a and b. In other words the bracket with a simple element has no cancellation and determines minimal intersection numbers. We show that analogous results hold for the Lie bracket (also discovered by Goldman) of unoriented curves. We give three applications: a factorization of Thurston's map defining the boundary of Teichmuller space, various decompositions of the underlying vector space of conjugacy classes into ad invariant subspaces and a connection between bijections of the set of conjugacy classes of curves on a surface preserving the Goldman bracket and the mapping class group.
math.GT math.GR
in the eighties goldman discovered a lie algebra structure on the vector space generated by the free homotopy classes of oriented curves on an oriented surface the lie bracket ab is defined as the signed sum over the intersection points of a and b of the loop product of at the intersection points if one of the classes has a simple representative we give a combinatorial group theory description of the terms of the lie bracket and prove that this bracket has as many terms counted with multiplicity as the minimal number of intersection points of a and b in other words the bracket with a simple element has no cancellation and determines minimal intersection numbers we show that analogous results hold for the lie bracket also discovered by goldman of unoriented curves we give three applications a factorization of thurstons map defining the boundary of teichmuller space various decompositions of the underlying vector space of conjugacy classes into ad invariant subspaces and a connection between bijections of the set of conjugacy classes of curves on a surface preserving the goldman bracket and the mapping class group
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706.244
Reducible Families of Curves with Ordinary Multiple Points on Surfaces in Projective Three-Space
In math.AG/0108089, math.AG/0212090 and math.AG/0308247 we gave numerical conditions which ensure that an equisingular family is irreducible respectively T-smooth. Combining results by Greuel, Lossen and Shustin and an idea from math.AG/9802009 we give in the present paper series of examples of families of irreducible curves on surfaces in projective three-space with only ordinary multiple points which are reducible and where at least one component does not have the expected dimension. The examples show that for families of curves with ordinary multiple points the conditions for T-smoothness in math.AG/0308247 have the right asymptotics.
math.AG
in mathag0108089 mathag0212090 and mathag0308247 we gave numerical conditions which ensure that an equisingular family is irreducible respectively tsmooth combining results by greuel lossen and shustin and an idea from mathag9802009 we give in the present paper series of examples of families of irreducible curves on surfaces in projective threespace with only ordinary multiple points which are reducible and where at least one component does not have the expected dimension the examples show that for families of curves with ordinary multiple points the conditions for tsmoothness in mathag0308247 have the right asymptotics
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706.2441
Some obstructed equisingular families of curves on surfaces in projective three-space
Very few examples of obstructed equsingular families of curves on surfaces other than the projective plane are known. Combining results from Westenberger and Hirano with an idea from math.AG/9802009 we give in the present paper series of examples of families of irreducible curves with simple singularities on surfaces in projective three-space which are not T--smooth, i.e. do not have the expected dimension, and we compare this with conditions (showing the same asymptotics) which ensure the existence of a T--smooth component.
math.AG
very few examples of obstructed equsingular families of curves on surfaces other than the projective plane are known combining results from westenberger and hirano with an idea from mathag9802009 we give in the present paper series of examples of families of irreducible curves with simple singularities on surfaces in projective threespace which are not tsmooth ie do not have the expected dimension and we compare this with conditions showing the same asymptotics which ensure the existence of a tsmooth component
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706.2442
Experimental Evidence for Two-Dimensional Magnetic Order in Proton Bombarded Graphite
We have prepared magnetic graphite samples bombarded by protons at low temperatures and low fluences to attenuate the large thermal annealing produced during irradiation. An overall optimization of sample handling allowed us to find Curie temperatures $ T_c \gtrsim 350$ K at the used fluences. The magnetization versus temperature shows unequivocally a linear dependence, which can be interpreted as due to excitations of spin waves in a two dimensional Heisenberg model with a weak uniaxial anisotropy.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we have prepared magnetic graphite samples bombarded by protons at low temperatures and low fluences to attenuate the large thermal annealing produced during irradiation an overall optimization of sample handling allowed us to find curie temperatures t_c gtrsim 350 k at the used fluences the magnetization versus temperature shows unequivocally a linear dependence which can be interpreted as due to excitations of spin waves in a two dimensional heisenberg model with a weak uniaxial anisotropy
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706.2443
Multiple inflation and the WMAP 'glitches' II. Data analysis and cosmological parameter extraction
Detailed analyses of the WMAP data indicate possible oscillatory features in the primordial curvature perturbation, which moreover appears to be suppressed beyond the present Hubble radius. Such deviations from the usual inflationary expectation of an approximately Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum are expected in the supergravity-based 'multiple inflation' model wherein phase transitions during inflation induce sudden changes in the mass of the inflaton, thus interrupting its slow-roll. In a previous paper we calculated the resulting curvature perturbation and showed how the oscillations arise. Here we perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting exercise using the 3-year WMAP data to determine how the fitted cosmological parameters vary when such a primordial spectrum is used as an input, rather than the usually assumed power-law spectrum. The 'concordance' LCDM model is still a good fit when there is just a 'step' in the spectrum. However if there is a 'bump' in the spectrum (due e.g. to two phase transitions in rapid succession), the precision CMB data can be well-fitted by a flat Einstein-de Sitter cosmology without dark energy. This however requires the Hubble constant to be h ~ 0.44 which is lower than the locally measured value. To fit the SDSS data on the power spectrum of galaxy clustering requires a ~10% component of hot dark matter, as would naturally be provided by 3 species of neutrinos of mass ~0.5 eV. This CHDM model cannot however fit the position of the baryon acoustic peak in the LRG redshift two-point correlation function. It may be possible to overcome these difficulties in an inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi cosmological model with a local void, which can potentially also account for the SN Ia Hubble diagram without invoking cosmic acceleration.
astro-ph gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
detailed analyses of the wmap data indicate possible oscillatory features in the primordial curvature perturbation which moreover appears to be suppressed beyond the present hubble radius such deviations from the usual inflationary expectation of an approximately harrisonzeldovich spectrum are expected in the supergravitybased multiple inflation model wherein phase transitions during inflation induce sudden changes in the mass of the inflaton thus interrupting its slowroll in a previous paper we calculated the resulting curvature perturbation and showed how the oscillations arise here we perform a markov chain monte carlo fitting exercise using the 3year wmap data to determine how the fitted cosmological parameters vary when such a primordial spectrum is used as an input rather than the usually assumed powerlaw spectrum the concordance lcdm model is still a good fit when there is just a step in the spectrum however if there is a bump in the spectrum due eg to two phase transitions in rapid succession the precision cmb data can be wellfitted by a flat einsteinde sitter cosmology without dark energy this however requires the hubble constant to be h 044 which is lower than the locally measured value to fit the sdss data on the power spectrum of galaxy clustering requires a 10 component of hot dark matter as would naturally be provided by 3 species of neutrinos of mass 05 ev this chdm model cannot however fit the position of the baryon acoustic peak in the lrg redshift twopoint correlation function it may be possible to overcome these difficulties in an inhomogeneous lemaitretolmanbondi cosmological model with a local void which can potentially also account for the sn ia hubble diagram without invoking cosmic acceleration
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706.2444
Holographic interacting dark energy in the braneworld cosmology
We investigate a model of brane cosmology to find a unified description of the radiation-matter-dark energy universe. It is of the interacting holographic dark energy with a bulk-holographic matter $\chi$. This is a five-dimensional cold dark matter, which plays a role of radiation on the brane. Using the effective equations of state $\omega^{\rm eff}_{\rm \Lambda}$ instead of the native equations of state $\omega_{\rm \Lambda}$, we show that this model cannot accommodate any transition from the dark energy with $\omega^{\rm eff}_{\rm \Lambda}\ge-1$ to the phantom regime $\omega^{\rm eff}_{\rm \Lambda}<-1$. Furthermore, the case of interaction between cold dark matter and five dimensional cold dark matter is considered for completeness. Here we find that the redshift of matter-radiation equality $z_{\rm eq}$ is the same order as $z^{\rm ob}_{\rm eq}=2.4\times10^{4} \Omega_{\rm m}h^2$. Finally, we obtain a general decay rate $\Gamma$ which is suitable for describing all interactions including the interaction between holographic dark energy and cold dark matter.
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
we investigate a model of brane cosmology to find a unified description of the radiationmatterdark energy universe it is of the interacting holographic dark energy with a bulkholographic matter chi this is a fivedimensional cold dark matter which plays a role of radiation on the brane using the effective equations of state omegarm eff_rm lambda instead of the native equations of state omega_rm lambda we show that this model cannot accommodate any transition from the dark energy with omegarm eff_rm lambdage1 to the phantom regime omegarm eff_rm lambda1 furthermore the case of interaction between cold dark matter and five dimensional cold dark matter is considered for completeness here we find that the redshift of matterradiation equality z_rm eq is the same order as zrm ob_rm eq24times104 omega_rm mh2 finally we obtain a general decay rate gamma which is suitable for describing all interactions including the interaction between holographic dark energy and cold dark matter
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706.2445
GRB Cosmology
Current observations are about to open up a direct window into the final frontier of cosmology: the first billion years in cosmic history when the first stars and galaxies formed. Even before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, it might be possible to utilize Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) as unique probes of cosmic star formation and the state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) up to redshifts of several tens, when the first (Population III) stars had formed. The Swift mission, or future satellites such as EXIST, might be the first observatories to detect individual Population III stars, provided that massive metal-free stars were able to trigger GRBs. Spectroscopic follow-up observations of the GRB afterglow emission would allow to probe the ionization state and metal enrichment of the IGM as a function of redshift.
astro-ph
current observations are about to open up a direct window into the final frontier of cosmology the first billion years in cosmic history when the first stars and galaxies formed even before the launch of the james webb space telescope it might be possible to utilize gammaray bursts grbs as unique probes of cosmic star formation and the state of the intergalactic medium igm up to redshifts of several tens when the first population iii stars had formed the swift mission or future satellites such as exist might be the first observatories to detect individual population iii stars provided that massive metalfree stars were able to trigger grbs spectroscopic followup observations of the grb afterglow emission would allow to probe the ionization state and metal enrichment of the igm as a function of redshift
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706.2446
Transport and mixing by internal waves in stellar interiors: effect of the Coriolis force
We briefly recall the physical background of the transport of angular momentum and the mixing of chemicals inside stellar radiation zones and its importance for stellar evolution. Then, we describe its present modeling, its successes and its weaknesses. Next, we introduce the new theoretical developments that allow us to treat in a self-consistent way the effect of the Coriolis force on the low-frequencies internal waves and its consequences for the transport processes. This research is aimed at improving the modeling of stellar interiors in the perspective of future astero and helioseismology missions such as COROT and GOLF-NG.
astro-ph
we briefly recall the physical background of the transport of angular momentum and the mixing of chemicals inside stellar radiation zones and its importance for stellar evolution then we describe its present modeling its successes and its weaknesses next we introduce the new theoretical developments that allow us to treat in a selfconsistent way the effect of the coriolis force on the lowfrequencies internal waves and its consequences for the transport processes this research is aimed at improving the modeling of stellar interiors in the perspective of future astero and helioseismology missions such as corot and golfng
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706.2447
On the topological stable rank of non-selfadjoint operator algebras
We provide a negative solution to a question of M. Rieffel who asked if the right and left topological stable ranks of a Banach algebra must always agree. Our example is found amongst a class of nest algebras. We show that for many other nest algebras, both the left and right topological stable ranks are infinite. We extend this latter result to Popescu's non-commutative disc algebras and to free semigroup algebras as well.
math.OA
we provide a negative solution to a question of m rieffel who asked if the right and left topological stable ranks of a banach algebra must always agree our example is found amongst a class of nest algebras we show that for many other nest algebras both the left and right topological stable ranks are infinite we extend this latter result to popescus noncommutative disc algebras and to free semigroup algebras as well
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706.2448
A general treatment of geometric phases and dynamical invariants
Based only on the parallel transport condition, we present a general method to compute Abelian or non-Abelian geometric phases acquired by the basis states of pure or mixed density operators, which also holds for nonadiabatic and noncyclic evolution. Two interesting features of the non-Abelian geometric phase obtained by our method stand out: i) it is a generalization of Wilczek and Zee's non-Abelian holonomy, in that it describes nonadiabatic evolution where the basis states are parallelly transported between distinct degenerate subspaces, and ii) the non-Abelian character of our geometric phase relies on the transitional evolution of the basis states, even in the nondegenerate case. We apply our formalism to a two-level system evolving nonadiabatically under spontaneous decay to emphasize the non-Abelian nature of the geometric phase induced by the reservoir. We also show, through the generalized invariant theory, that our general approach encompasses previous results in the literature.
quant-ph
based only on the parallel transport condition we present a general method to compute abelian or nonabelian geometric phases acquired by the basis states of pure or mixed density operators which also holds for nonadiabatic and noncyclic evolution two interesting features of the nonabelian geometric phase obtained by our method stand out i it is a generalization of wilczek and zees nonabelian holonomy in that it describes nonadiabatic evolution where the basis states are parallelly transported between distinct degenerate subspaces and ii the nonabelian character of our geometric phase relies on the transitional evolution of the basis states even in the nondegenerate case we apply our formalism to a twolevel system evolving nonadiabatically under spontaneous decay to emphasize the nonabelian nature of the geometric phase induced by the reservoir we also show through the generalized invariant theory that our general approach encompasses previous results in the literature
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706.2449
Transitive spaces of operators
We investigate algebraic and topological transitivity and, more generally, k-transitivity for linear spaces of operators. In finite dimensions, we determine minimal dimensions of k-transitive spaces for every k, and find relations between the degree of transitivity of a product or tensor product on the one hand and those of the factors on the other. We present counterexamples to some natural conjectures. Some infinite dimensional analogues are discussed. A simple proof is given of Arveson's result on the weak-operator density of transitive spaces that are masa bimodules.
math.OA
we investigate algebraic and topological transitivity and more generally ktransitivity for linear spaces of operators in finite dimensions we determine minimal dimensions of ktransitive spaces for every k and find relations between the degree of transitivity of a product or tensor product on the one hand and those of the factors on the other we present counterexamples to some natural conjectures some infinite dimensional analogues are discussed a simple proof is given of arvesons result on the weakoperator density of transitive spaces that are masa bimodules
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706.245
Quantum Control of the Hyperfine Spin of a Cs Atom Ensemble
We demonstrate quantum control of a large spin-angular momentum associated with the F=3 hyperfine ground state of 133Cs. A combination of time dependent magnetic fields and a static tensor light shift is used to implement near-optimal controls and map a fiducial state to a broad range of target states, with yields in the range 0.8-0.9. Squeezed states are produced also by an adiabatic scheme that is more robust against errors. Universal control facilitates the encoding and manipulation of qubits and qudits in atomic ground states, and may lead to improvement of some precision measurements.
quant-ph
we demonstrate quantum control of a large spinangular momentum associated with the f3 hyperfine ground state of 133cs a combination of time dependent magnetic fields and a static tensor light shift is used to implement nearoptimal controls and map a fiducial state to a broad range of target states with yields in the range 0809 squeezed states are produced also by an adiabatic scheme that is more robust against errors universal control facilitates the encoding and manipulation of qubits and qudits in atomic ground states and may lead to improvement of some precision measurements
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706.2451
Quantum Discrete Fourier Transform with Classical Output for Signal Processing
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is the base of modern signal or information processing. 1-Dimensional fast Fourier transform (1D FFT) and 2D FFT have time complexity O(NlogN) and O(N^2logN) respectively. Quantum 1D and 2D DFT algorithms with classical output (1D QDFT and 2D QDFT) are presented in this paper. And quantum algorithm for convolution estimation is also presented in this paper. Compared with FFT, QDFT has two advantages at least. One of advantages is that 1D and 2D QDFT has time complexity O(sqrt(N)) and O(N) respectively. The other advantage is that QDFT can process very long signal sequence at a time. QDFT and quantum convolution demonstrate that quantum signal processing with classical output is possible.
quant-ph
discrete fourier transform dft is the base of modern signal or information processing 1dimensional fast fourier transform 1d fft and 2d fft have time complexity onlogn and on2logn respectively quantum 1d and 2d dft algorithms with classical output 1d qdft and 2d qdft are presented in this paper and quantum algorithm for convolution estimation is also presented in this paper compared with fft qdft has two advantages at least one of advantages is that 1d and 2d qdft has time complexity osqrtn and on respectively the other advantage is that qdft can process very long signal sequence at a time qdft and quantum convolution demonstrate that quantum signal processing with classical output is possible
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706.2452
Design of Electromagnetic Cloaks and Concentrators Using Form-Invariant Coordinate Transformations of Maxwell's Equations
The technique of applying form-invariant, spatial coordinate transformations of Maxwell's equations can facilitate the design of structures with unique electromagnetic or optical functionality. Here, we illustrate the transformation-optical approach in the designs of a square electromagnetic cloak and an omni-directional electromagnetic field concentrator. The transformation equations are described and the functionality of the devices is numerically confirmed by two-dimensional finite element simulations. The two devices presented demonstrate that the transformation optic approach leads to the specification of complex, anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials with well directed and distinct electromagnetic behavior.
physics.optics
the technique of applying forminvariant spatial coordinate transformations of maxwells equations can facilitate the design of structures with unique electromagnetic or optical functionality here we illustrate the transformationoptical approach in the designs of a square electromagnetic cloak and an omnidirectional electromagnetic field concentrator the transformation equations are described and the functionality of the devices is numerically confirmed by twodimensional finite element simulations the two devices presented demonstrate that the transformation optic approach leads to the specification of complex anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials with well directed and distinct electromagnetic behavior
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706.2453
Transitive decompositions of graphs and their links with geometry and origami
A transitive decomposition of a graph is a partition of the edge or arc set giving a set of subgraphs which are preserved and permuted transitively by a group of automorphisms of the graph. In this paper we give some background to the study of transitive decompositions and highlight a connection with partial linear spaces. We then describe a simple method for constructing transitive decompositions using graph quotients, and we show how this may be used in an application to modular origami.
math.CO math.GR
a transitive decomposition of a graph is a partition of the edge or arc set giving a set of subgraphs which are preserved and permuted transitively by a group of automorphisms of the graph in this paper we give some background to the study of transitive decompositions and highlight a connection with partial linear spaces we then describe a simple method for constructing transitive decompositions using graph quotients and we show how this may be used in an application to modular origami
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706.2454
Lorentz shear modulus of a two-dimensional electron gas at high magnetic field
We show that the Lorentz shear modulus -- one of the three elastic moduli of a homogeneous electron gas in a magnetic field -- can be calculated exactly in the limit of high magnetic field (i.e. in the lowest Landau level). Its value is $\pm \hbar n/4$, where $n$ is the two-dimensional electron density and the sign is determined by the orientation of the magnetic field. We use this result to refine our previous calculations of the dispersion of the collective modes of fractional quantum Hall liquids.
cond-mat.mes-hall
we show that the lorentz shear modulus one of the three elastic moduli of a homogeneous electron gas in a magnetic field can be calculated exactly in the limit of high magnetic field ie in the lowest landau level its value is pm hbar n4 where n is the twodimensional electron density and the sign is determined by the orientation of the magnetic field we use this result to refine our previous calculations of the dispersion of the collective modes of fractional quantum hall liquids
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706.2455
Les classes d'Eisenstein des varietes de Hilbert-Blumenthal
This article deals with the Eisenstein classes of Hilbert-Blumenthal families of abelian varieties. We first give a coordinate expression of these one at the topological level, using currents defined by Levin. Then we study the degeneration of these Eisenstein classes at a cusp of the Baily-Borel compactification of the Hilbert-Blumenthal variety. We show, using the explicit description of the Eisenstein classes obtained previously, that these classes degenerate in special values of an $L$-function associated to the underlying totally real number field. We deduce then both a geometric proof the Klingen-Siegel Theorem and a non vanishing result for some of these Eisenstein classes .
math.NT
this article deals with the eisenstein classes of hilbertblumenthal families of abelian varieties we first give a coordinate expression of these one at the topological level using currents defined by levin then we study the degeneration of these eisenstein classes at a cusp of the bailyborel compactification of the hilbertblumenthal variety we show using the explicit description of the eisenstein classes obtained previously that these classes degenerate in special values of an lfunction associated to the underlying totally real number field we deduce then both a geometric proof the klingensiegel theorem and a non vanishing result for some of these eisenstein classes
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706.2456
Charged Particle Production in High Q2 Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA
The average charged track multiplicity and the normalised distribution of the scaled momentum, $\xp$, of charged final state hadrons are measured in deep-inelastic $\ep$ scattering at high $Q^2$ in the Breit frame of reference. The analysis covers the range of photon virtuality $100 < Q^2 < 20 000 \GeV^{2}$. Compared with previous results presented by HERA experiments this analysis has a significantly higher statistical precision and extends the phase space to higher $Q^{2}$ and to the full range of $\xp$. The results are compared with $e^+e^-$ annihilation data and with various calculations based on perturbative QCD using different models of the hadronisation process.
hep-ex
the average charged track multiplicity and the normalised distribution of the scaled momentum xp of charged final state hadrons are measured in deepinelastic ep scattering at high q2 in the breit frame of reference the analysis covers the range of photon virtuality 100 q2 20 000 gev2 compared with previous results presented by hera experiments this analysis has a significantly higher statistical precision and extends the phase space to higher q2 and to the full range of xp the results are compared with ee annihilation data and with various calculations based on perturbative qcd using different models of the hadronisation process
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706.2457
Constructive $\phi^4$ field theory without tears
We propose to treat the $\phi^4$ Euclidean theory constructively in a simpler way. Our method, based on a new kind of "loop vertex expansion", no longer requires the painful intermediate tool of cluster and Mayer expansions.
math-ph math.MP
we propose to treat the phi4 euclidean theory constructively in a simpler way our method based on a new kind of loop vertex expansion no longer requires the painful intermediate tool of cluster and mayer expansions
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706.2458
Modeling DNA beacons at the mesoscopic scale
We report model calculations on DNA single strands which describe the equilibrium dynamics and kinetics of hairpin formation and melting. Modeling is at the level of single bases. Strand rigidity is described in terms of simple polymer models; alternative calculations performed using the freely rotating chain and the discrete Kratky-Porod models are reported. Stem formation is modeled according to the Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois Hamiltonian. The kinetics of opening and closing is described in terms of a diffusion-controlled motion in an effective free energy landscape. Melting profiles, dependence of melting temperature on loop length, and kinetic time scales are in semiquantitative agreement with experimental data obtained from fluorescent DNA beacons forming poly(T) loops. Variation in strand rigidity is not sufficient to account for the large activation enthalpy of closing and the strong loop length dependence observed in hairpins forming poly(A) loops. Implications for modeling single strands of DNA or RNA are discussed.
cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech physics.bio-ph
we report model calculations on dna single strands which describe the equilibrium dynamics and kinetics of hairpin formation and melting modeling is at the level of single bases strand rigidity is described in terms of simple polymer models alternative calculations performed using the freely rotating chain and the discrete kratkyporod models are reported stem formation is modeled according to the peyrardbishopdauxois hamiltonian the kinetics of opening and closing is described in terms of a diffusioncontrolled motion in an effective free energy landscape melting profiles dependence of melting temperature on loop length and kinetic time scales are in semiquantitative agreement with experimental data obtained from fluorescent dna beacons forming polyt loops variation in strand rigidity is not sufficient to account for the large activation enthalpy of closing and the strong loop length dependence observed in hairpins forming polya loops implications for modeling single strands of dna or rna are discussed
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706.2459
Local Cloning of Entangled Qubits
We discuss the exact cloning of orthogonal but entangled qubits under local operations and classical communication. The amount of entanglement necessary in blank copy is obtained for various cases. Surprisingly this amount is more than 1 ebit for certain set of two nonmaximal but equally entangled states of two qubits system. To clone any three two qubits Bell states at least log2 3 ebit is necessary.
quant-ph
we discuss the exact cloning of orthogonal but entangled qubits under local operations and classical communication the amount of entanglement necessary in blank copy is obtained for various cases surprisingly this amount is more than 1 ebit for certain set of two nonmaximal but equally entangled states of two qubits system to clone any three two qubits bell states at least log2 3 ebit is necessary
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706.246
Non-perturbative renormalization of the static vector current and its O(a)-improvement in quenched QCD
We carry out the renormalization and the Symanzik O(a)-improvement programme for the static vector current in quenched lattice QCD. The scale independent ratio of the renormalization constants of the static vector and axial currents is obtained non-perturbatively from an axial Ward identity with Wilson-type light quarks and various lattice discretizations of the static action. The improvement coefficients cVstat and bVstat are obtained up to O(g_0^4)-terms by enforcing improvement conditions respectively on the axial Ward identity and a three-point correlator of the static vector current. A comparison between the non-perturbative estimates and the corresponding one-loop results shows a non-negligible effect of the O(g_0^4)-terms on the improvement coefficients but a good accuracy of the perturbative description of the ratio of the renormalization constants.
hep-lat
we carry out the renormalization and the symanzik oaimprovement programme for the static vector current in quenched lattice qcd the scale independent ratio of the renormalization constants of the static vector and axial currents is obtained nonperturbatively from an axial ward identity with wilsontype light quarks and various lattice discretizations of the static action the improvement coefficients cvstat and bvstat are obtained up to og_04terms by enforcing improvement conditions respectively on the axial ward identity and a threepoint correlator of the static vector current a comparison between the nonperturbative estimates and the corresponding oneloop results shows a nonnegligible effect of the og_04terms on the improvement coefficients but a good accuracy of the perturbative description of the ratio of the renormalization constants
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706.2461
Highly efficient acoustooptic diffraction in Sn2P2S6 crystals
We have studied the acoustooptic (AO) diffraction in Sn2P2S6 crystals and found that they manifest high values of AO figure of merit. The above crystals may therefore be used as highly efficient materials in different AO applications.
physics.optics physics.gen-ph
we have studied the acoustooptic ao diffraction in sn2p2s6 crystals and found that they manifest high values of ao figure of merit the above crystals may therefore be used as highly efficient materials in different ao applications
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706.2462
On the problem of phase transitions in lysozyme crystals
We present experimental evidence of the fact that lysozyme crystals, which are grown from their mother solution and exist in it, dissolve on heating above T=307 K. We argue that the anomaly in the light scattering recently observed at the temperature T=307 K and identified in the reference [Svanidze A. V. et al. 2006. JETP Lett. 84: 551] as a structural crystalline phase transition in the single lysozyme crystals, in fact, corresponds to a temperature limit of the crystal existence.
cond-mat.soft
we present experimental evidence of the fact that lysozyme crystals which are grown from their mother solution and exist in it dissolve on heating above t307 k we argue that the anomaly in the light scattering recently observed at the temperature t307 k and identified in the reference svanidze a v et al 2006 jetp lett 84 551 as a structural crystalline phase transition in the single lysozyme crystals in fact corresponds to a temperature limit of the crystal existence
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706.2463
Frequency dependence of induced spin polarization and spin current in quantum wells
Dynamic response of two-dimensional electron systems with spin-orbit interaction is studied theoretically on the basis of quantum kinetic equation, taking into account elastic scattering of electrons. The spin polarization and spin current induced by the applied electric field are calculated for the whole class of electron systems described by p-linear spin-orbit Hamiltonians. The absence of nonequilibrium intrinsic static spin currents is confirmed for these systems with arbitrary (nonparabolic) electron energy spectrum. Relations between the spin polarization, spin current, and electric current are established. The general results are applied to the quantum wells grown in [001] and [110] crystallographic directions, with both Rashba and Dresselhaus types of spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that the existence of the fixed (momentum-independent) precession axes in [001]-grown wells with equal Rashba and Dresselhaus spin velocities or in symmetric [110]-grown wells leads to vanishing spin polarizability at arbitrary frequency of the applied electric field. This property is explained by the absence of Dyakonov-Perel-Kachorovskii spin relaxation for the spins polarized along these precession axes. As a result, a considerable frequency dispersion of spin polarization at very low frequency in the vicinity of the fixed precession axes is predicted. Possible effects of extrinsic spin-orbit coupling on the obtained results are discussed.
cond-mat.mes-hall
dynamic response of twodimensional electron systems with spinorbit interaction is studied theoretically on the basis of quantum kinetic equation taking into account elastic scattering of electrons the spin polarization and spin current induced by the applied electric field are calculated for the whole class of electron systems described by plinear spinorbit hamiltonians the absence of nonequilibrium intrinsic static spin currents is confirmed for these systems with arbitrary nonparabolic electron energy spectrum relations between the spin polarization spin current and electric current are established the general results are applied to the quantum wells grown in 001 and 110 crystallographic directions with both rashba and dresselhaus types of spinorbit coupling it is shown that the existence of the fixed momentumindependent precession axes in 001grown wells with equal rashba and dresselhaus spin velocities or in symmetric 110grown wells leads to vanishing spin polarizability at arbitrary frequency of the applied electric field this property is explained by the absence of dyakonovperelkachorovskii spin relaxation for the spins polarized along these precession axes as a result a considerable frequency dispersion of spin polarization at very low frequency in the vicinity of the fixed precession axes is predicted possible effects of extrinsic spinorbit coupling on the obtained results are discussed
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706.2464
Classification of 3-dimensional integrable scalar discrete equations
We classify all integrable 3-dimensional scalar discrete quasilinear equations Q=0 on an elementary cubic cell of the 3-dimensional lattice. An equation Q=0 is called integrable if it may be consistently imposed on all 3-dimensional elementary faces of the 4-dimensional lattice. Under the natural requirement of invariance of the equation under the action of the complete group of symmetries of the cube we prove that the only nontrivial (non-linearizable) integrable equation from this class is the well-known dBKP-system. (Version 2: A small correction in Table 1 (p.7) for n=2 has been made.) (Version 3: A few small corrections: one more reference added, the main statement stated more explicitly.)
nlin.SI
we classify all integrable 3dimensional scalar discrete quasilinear equations q0 on an elementary cubic cell of the 3dimensional lattice an equation q0 is called integrable if it may be consistently imposed on all 3dimensional elementary faces of the 4dimensional lattice under the natural requirement of invariance of the equation under the action of the complete group of symmetries of the cube we prove that the only nontrivial nonlinearizable integrable equation from this class is the wellknown dbkpsystem version 2 a small correction in table 1 p7 for n2 has been made version 3 a few small corrections one more reference added the main statement stated more explicitly
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706.2465
Invariants of solvable Lie algebras with triangular nilradicals and diagonal nilindependent elements
The invariants of solvable Lie algebras with nilradicals isomorphic to the algebra of strongly upper triangular matrices and diagonal nilindependent elements are studied exhaustively. Bases of the invariant sets of all such algebras are constructed by an original purely algebraic algorithm based on Cartan's method of moving frames.
math-ph math.MP math.RT
the invariants of solvable lie algebras with nilradicals isomorphic to the algebra of strongly upper triangular matrices and diagonal nilindependent elements are studied exhaustively bases of the invariant sets of all such algebras are constructed by an original purely algebraic algorithm based on cartans method of moving frames
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706.2466
Visualizing Two Qubits
The notions of entanglement witnesses, separable and entangled states for two qubits system can be visualized in three dimensions using the SLOCC equivalence classes. This visualization preserves the duality relations between the various sets and allows us to give ``proof by inspection'' of a non-elementary result of the Horodeckies that for two qubits, Peres separability test is iff. We then show that the CHSH Bell inequalities can be visualized as circles and cylinders in the same diagram. This allows us to give a geometric proof of yet another result of the Horodeckies, which optimizes the violation of the CHSH Bell inequality. Finally, we give numerical evidence that, remarkably, allowing Alice and Bob to use three rather than two measurements each, does not help them to distinguish any new entangled SLOCC equivalence class beyond the CHSH class.
quant-ph
the notions of entanglement witnesses separable and entangled states for two qubits system can be visualized in three dimensions using the slocc equivalence classes this visualization preserves the duality relations between the various sets and allows us to give proof by inspection of a nonelementary result of the horodeckies that for two qubits peres separability test is iff we then show that the chsh bell inequalities can be visualized as circles and cylinders in the same diagram this allows us to give a geometric proof of yet another result of the horodeckies which optimizes the violation of the chsh bell inequality finally we give numerical evidence that remarkably allowing alice and bob to use three rather than two measurements each does not help them to distinguish any new entangled slocc equivalence class beyond the chsh class
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706.2467
Geometric scaling in the quantum Hall system
The transitions between neighbouring plateaux in the quantum Hall system are observed to follow anti-holomophic scaling with superuniversal scaling exponents, showing that the system contains an emergent sub-modular discrete symmetry and a holomorphic structure at low energies. We identify a class of effective scaling models consistent with this data, which is parametrized by the complex structure of a torus with a special spin structure, in which only the number of fermions (c) remains undetermined. For c = 2 this gives the superuniversal anti-holomorphic scaling potential previously inferred from data, with scaling exponent nu = 2.6, in reasonable agreement with available scaling data.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the transitions between neighbouring plateaux in the quantum hall system are observed to follow antiholomophic scaling with superuniversal scaling exponents showing that the system contains an emergent submodular discrete symmetry and a holomorphic structure at low energies we identify a class of effective scaling models consistent with this data which is parametrized by the complex structure of a torus with a special spin structure in which only the number of fermions c remains undetermined for c 2 this gives the superuniversal antiholomorphic scaling potential previously inferred from data with scaling exponent nu 26 in reasonable agreement with available scaling data
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706.2468
Spin magnetotransport in two-dimensional hole systems
Spin current of two-dimensional holes occupying the ground-state subband in an asymmetric quantum well and interacting with static disorder potential is calculated in the presence of a weak magnetic field H perpendicular to the well plane. Both spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman coupling are taken into account. It is shown that the applied electric field excites both the transverse (spin-Hall) and diagonal spin currents, the latter changes its sign at a finite H and becomes greater than the spin-Hall current as H increases. The effective spin-Hall conductivity introduced to describe the spin response in Hall bars is considerably enhanced by the magnetic field in the case of weak disorder and demonstrates a non-monotonic dependence on H.
cond-mat.mes-hall
spin current of twodimensional holes occupying the groundstate subband in an asymmetric quantum well and interacting with static disorder potential is calculated in the presence of a weak magnetic field h perpendicular to the well plane both spinorbit coupling and zeeman coupling are taken into account it is shown that the applied electric field excites both the transverse spinhall and diagonal spin currents the latter changes its sign at a finite h and becomes greater than the spinhall current as h increases the effective spinhall conductivity introduced to describe the spin response in hall bars is considerably enhanced by the magnetic field in the case of weak disorder and demonstrates a nonmonotonic dependence on h
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706.2469
Diamond thin Film Detectors for Beam Monitoring Devices
Diamonds offer radiation hard sensors, which can be used directly in primary beams. Here we report on the use of a polycrystalline CVD diamond strip sensor as beam monitor of heavy ion beams with up to 2.10^9 lead ions per bunch. The strips allow for a determination of the transverse beam profile to a fraction of the pitch of the strips, while the timing information yields the longitudinal bunch length with a resolution of the order of a few mm.
physics.ins-det physics.plasm-ph
diamonds offer radiation hard sensors which can be used directly in primary beams here we report on the use of a polycrystalline cvd diamond strip sensor as beam monitor of heavy ion beams with up to 2109 lead ions per bunch the strips allow for a determination of the transverse beam profile to a fraction of the pitch of the strips while the timing information yields the longitudinal bunch length with a resolution of the order of a few mm
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706.247
Static impurities in the S=3/2 kagome lattice
We consider the effects of doping the S=3/2 kagome lattice with static, nonmagnetic impurities. By exact diagonalization calculations on small clusters we deduce the local spin correlations and magnetization distribution around a vacancy. As in the S=1/2 kagome lattice, in the vicinity of the impurity we find an extended region where the spin correlations are altered as a consequence of frustation relief, and no indications for the formation of local moments. We discuss the implications of our results for local probe measurements on S=3/2 kagome materials.
cond-mat.str-el
we consider the effects of doping the s32 kagome lattice with static nonmagnetic impurities by exact diagonalization calculations on small clusters we deduce the local spin correlations and magnetization distribution around a vacancy as in the s12 kagome lattice in the vicinity of the impurity we find an extended region where the spin correlations are altered as a consequence of frustation relief and no indications for the formation of local moments we discuss the implications of our results for local probe measurements on s32 kagome materials
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706.2471
Hole superconductivity in the electron-doped superconductor PCCO
We measure the resistivity and Hall angle of the electron-doped superconductor Pr_{2-x}Ce_xCuO_4 as a function of doping and temperature. The resistivity Rho_xx at temperatures 100K < T < 300K is mostly sensitive to the electrons. Its temperature behavior is doping independent over a wide doping range and even for non superconducting samples. On the other hand,the transverse resistivity rho_xy, or the Hall angle theta_H where cot(theta_H) = rho_xx/rho_xy, is sensitive to both holes and electrons. Its temperature dependence is strongly influenced by doping, and cot(theta_H) can be used to identify optimum doping (the maximum Tc) even well above the critical temperature. These results lead to a conclusion that in electron doped cuprates holes are responsible for the superconductivity.
cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el
we measure the resistivity and hall angle of the electrondoped superconductor pr_2xce_xcuo_4 as a function of doping and temperature the resistivity rho_xx at temperatures 100k t 300k is mostly sensitive to the electrons its temperature behavior is doping independent over a wide doping range and even for non superconducting samples on the other handthe transverse resistivity rho_xy or the hall angle theta_h where cottheta_h rho_xxrho_xy is sensitive to both holes and electrons its temperature dependence is strongly influenced by doping and cottheta_h can be used to identify optimum doping the maximum tc even well above the critical temperature these results lead to a conclusion that in electron doped cuprates holes are responsible for the superconductivity
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706.2472
New Model of N=8 Superconformal Mechanics
Using an N=4, d=1 superfield approach, we construct an N=8 supersymmetric action of the self-interacting off-shell N=8 multiplet {\bf (1, 8, 7)}. This action is found to be invariant under the exceptional N=8, d=1 superconformal group F(4) with the R-symmetry subgroup SO(7). The general N=8 supersymmetric {\bf (1, 8, 7)} action is a sum of the superconformal action and the previously known free bilinear action. We show that the general action is also superconformal, but with respect to redefined superfield transformation laws. The scalar potential can be generated by two Fayet-Iliopoulos N=4 superfield terms which preserve N=8 supersymmetry but break the superconformal and SO(7) symmetries.
hep-th
using an n4 d1 superfield approach we construct an n8 supersymmetric action of the selfinteracting offshell n8 multiplet bf 1 8 7 this action is found to be invariant under the exceptional n8 d1 superconformal group f4 with the rsymmetry subgroup so7 the general n8 supersymmetric bf 1 8 7 action is a sum of the superconformal action and the previously known free bilinear action we show that the general action is also superconformal but with respect to redefined superfield transformation laws the scalar potential can be generated by two fayetiliopoulos n4 superfield terms which preserve n8 supersymmetry but break the superconformal and so7 symmetries
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706.2473
Active Galactic Nuclei with Double-Peaked Balmer Lines: I. Black Hole Masses and the Eddington ratios
Using the stellar population synthesis, we model the stellar contribution for a sample of 110 double-peaked broad-lines AGNs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The stellar velocity dispersions ($\sigma_*$) are obtained for 52 double-peaked AGNs with obvious stellar absorption features, ranging from 106 to 284 \kms. We also use multi-component profiles to fit \OIII $\lambda\lambda4959,5007$ and H$\beta$ emission lines. Using the well-established $M_{\rm bh}-\sigma_*$ relation, the black hole masses are calculated to range from $1.0\times 10^{7}$ to $5.5\times 10^{8}$ $\Msun$, and the Eddington ratio from about 0.01 to about 1. Comparing with the known $R_{\rm BLR}-L$ relation, we can get the factor $f$, which indicates BLRs' geometry, inclination and kinematics. We find that $f$ far deviates from 0.75, suggesting the non-virial dynamics of broad line regions. The peak separation is mildly correlated with the Eddington ratio and SMBH mass with almost the same correlation coefficients. It implies that it is difficult to detect obvious double-peak AGNs with higher Eddington ratios. Using the monochromatic luminosity at 5100\AA to trace the bolometric luminosity, we find that the external illumination of the accretion disk is needed to produce the observed strength of H$\alpha$ emission line.
astro-ph
using the stellar population synthesis we model the stellar contribution for a sample of 110 doublepeaked broadlines agns from the sloan digital sky survey sdss the stellar velocity dispersions sigma_ are obtained for 52 doublepeaked agns with obvious stellar absorption features ranging from 106 to 284 kms we also use multicomponent profiles to fit oiii lambdalambda49595007 and hbeta emission lines using the wellestablished m_rm bhsigma_ relation the black hole masses are calculated to range from 10times 107 to 55times 108 msun and the eddington ratio from about 001 to about 1 comparing with the known r_rm blrl relation we can get the factor f which indicates blrs geometry inclination and kinematics we find that f far deviates from 075 suggesting the nonvirial dynamics of broad line regions the peak separation is mildly correlated with the eddington ratio and smbh mass with almost the same correlation coefficients it implies that it is difficult to detect obvious doublepeak agns with higher eddington ratios using the monochromatic luminosity at 5100aa to trace the bolometric luminosity we find that the external illumination of the accretion disk is needed to produce the observed strength of halpha emission line
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706.2474
Double logarithmical corrections to beam asymmetry in polarized electron-proton scattering
The up-down asymmetry in transversally polarized electron proton scattering is induced by the interference between one and two photon exchange amplitudes. Inelastic intermediate hadronic states (different from one-proton state) of the two photon exchange amplitude give rise to contributions containing the square of "large logarithm" (logarithm of the ratio of the transferred momentum to the electron mass). We investigate the presence of such contributions in higher orders of perturbation theory. The relation with the case of zero transfer momentum is explicitly given. The mechanism of cancellation of infrared singularities is discussed.
hep-ph
the updown asymmetry in transversally polarized electron proton scattering is induced by the interference between one and two photon exchange amplitudes inelastic intermediate hadronic states different from oneproton state of the two photon exchange amplitude give rise to contributions containing the square of large logarithm logarithm of the ratio of the transferred momentum to the electron mass we investigate the presence of such contributions in higher orders of perturbation theory the relation with the case of zero transfer momentum is explicitly given the mechanism of cancellation of infrared singularities is discussed
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706.2475
One-dimensional orbital fluctuations and the exotic magnetic properties of YVO$_3$
Starting from the Mott insulator picture for cubic vanadates, we derive and investigate the model of superexchange interactions between V$^{3+}$ ions, with nearly degenerate $t_{2g}$ orbitals occupied by two electrons each. The superexchange interactions are strongly frustrated and demonstrate a strong interrelation between possible types of magnetic and orbital order. We elucidate the prominent role played by fluctuations of $yz$ and $xz$ orbitals which generate ferromagnetic superexchange interactions even in the absence of Hund's exchange. In this limit we find orbital valence bond state which is replaced either by $C$-type antiferromagnetic order with weak $G$-type orbital order at increasing Hund's exchange, or instead by $G$-type antiferromagnetic order when the lattice distortions stabilize $C$-type orbital order. Both phases are observed in YVO$_3$ and we argue that a dimerized $C$-type antiferromagnetic phase with stronger and weaker FM bonds alternating along the c axis may be stabilized by large spin-orbital entropy at finite temperature. This suggests a scenario which explains the origin of the exotic $C$-AF order observed in YVO$_3$ in the regime of intermediate temperatures and allows one to specify the necessary ingredients of a more complete future theory.
cond-mat.str-el
starting from the mott insulator picture for cubic vanadates we derive and investigate the model of superexchange interactions between v3 ions with nearly degenerate t_2g orbitals occupied by two electrons each the superexchange interactions are strongly frustrated and demonstrate a strong interrelation between possible types of magnetic and orbital order we elucidate the prominent role played by fluctuations of yz and xz orbitals which generate ferromagnetic superexchange interactions even in the absence of hunds exchange in this limit we find orbital valence bond state which is replaced either by ctype antiferromagnetic order with weak gtype orbital order at increasing hunds exchange or instead by gtype antiferromagnetic order when the lattice distortions stabilize ctype orbital order both phases are observed in yvo_3 and we argue that a dimerized ctype antiferromagnetic phase with stronger and weaker fm bonds alternating along the c axis may be stabilized by large spinorbital entropy at finite temperature this suggests a scenario which explains the origin of the exotic caf order observed in yvo_3 in the regime of intermediate temperatures and allows one to specify the necessary ingredients of a more complete future theory
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706.2476
On invariant 2x2 \beta-ensembles of random matrices
We introduce and solve exactly a family of invariant 2x2 random matrices, depending on one parameter \eta, and we show that rotational invariance and real Dyson index \beta are not incompatible properties. The probability density for the entries contains a weight function and a multiple trace-trace interaction term, which corresponds to the representation of the Vandermonde-squared coupling on the basis of power sums. As a result, the effective Dyson index \beta_{eff} of the ensemble can take any real value in an interval. Two weight functions (Gaussian and non-Gaussian) are explored in detail and the connections with \beta-ensembles of Dumitriu-Edelman and the so-called Poisson-Wigner crossover for the level spacing are respectively highlighted. A curious spectral twinning between ensembles of different symmetry classes is unveiled. The proposed technical tool more generically allows for designing actual matrix models which i) are rotationally invariant; ii) have a real Dyson index \beta_{eff}; iii) have a pre-assigned confining potential or alternatively level-spacing profile. The analytical results have been checked through numerical simulations with an excellent agreement. Eventually, we discuss possible generalizations and further directions of research.
math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math.MP
we introduce and solve exactly a family of invariant 2x2 random matrices depending on one parameter eta and we show that rotational invariance and real dyson index beta are not incompatible properties the probability density for the entries contains a weight function and a multiple tracetrace interaction term which corresponds to the representation of the vandermondesquared coupling on the basis of power sums as a result the effective dyson index beta_eff of the ensemble can take any real value in an interval two weight functions gaussian and nongaussian are explored in detail and the connections with betaensembles of dumitriuedelman and the socalled poissonwigner crossover for the level spacing are respectively highlighted a curious spectral twinning between ensembles of different symmetry classes is unveiled the proposed technical tool more generically allows for designing actual matrix models which i are rotationally invariant ii have a real dyson index beta_eff iii have a preassigned confining potential or alternatively levelspacing profile the analytical results have been checked through numerical simulations with an excellent agreement eventually we discuss possible generalizations and further directions of research
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706.2477
Spin-orbital entanglement near quantum phase transitions
Spin-orbital entanglement in the ground state of a one-dimensional SU(2)$\otimes$SU(2) spin-orbital model is analyzed using exact diagonalization of finite chains. For $S=1/2$ spins and $T=1/2$ pseudospins one finds that the quantum entanglement is similar at the SU(4) symmetry point and in the spin-orbital valence bond state. We also show that quantum transitions in spin-orbital models turn out to be continuous under certain circumstances, in constrast to the discontinuous transitions in spin models with SU(2) symmetry.
cond-mat.str-el
spinorbital entanglement in the ground state of a onedimensional su2otimessu2 spinorbital model is analyzed using exact diagonalization of finite chains for s12 spins and t12 pseudospins one finds that the quantum entanglement is similar at the su4 symmetry point and in the spinorbital valence bond state we also show that quantum transitions in spinorbital models turn out to be continuous under certain circumstances in constrast to the discontinuous transitions in spin models with su2 symmetry
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706.2478
Target Mass Corrections in Diffractive Scattering
We describe the twist-2 contributions to inclusive unpolarized and polarized deep-inelastic diffractive scattering in an operator approach. The representation refers to the observed large rapidity gap but does not require reference to a pomeron picture. We discuss both the case of vanishing target mass $M$ and momentum transfer $t$ as well as the effects at finite $t$ and $M$, which lead to modifications at large $\beta$ and low values of $Q^2$.
hep-ph hep-ex
we describe the twist2 contributions to inclusive unpolarized and polarized deepinelastic diffractive scattering in an operator approach the representation refers to the observed large rapidity gap but does not require reference to a pomeron picture we discuss both the case of vanishing target mass m and momentum transfer t as well as the effects at finite t and m which lead to modifications at large beta and low values of q2
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706.2479
Progresses in the Analysis of Stochastic 2D Cellular Automata: a Study of Asynchronous 2D Minority
Cellular automata are often used to model systems in physics, social sciences, biology that are inherently asynchronous. Over the past 20 years, studies have demonstrated that the behavior of cellular automata drastically changed under asynchronous updates. Still, the few mathematical analyses of asynchronism focus on one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automata, either on single examples or on specific classes. As for other classic dynamical systems in physics, extending known methods from one- to two-dimensional systems is a long lasting challenging problem. In this paper, we address the problem of analysing an apparently simple 2D asynchronous cellular automaton: 2D Minority where each cell, when fired, updates to the minority state of its neighborhood. Our experiments reveal that in spite of its simplicity, the minority rule exhibits a quite complex response to asynchronism. By focusing on the fully asynchronous regime, we are however able to describe completely the asymptotic behavior of this dynamics as long as the initial configuration satisfies some natural constraints. Besides these technical results, we have strong reasons to believe that our techniques relying on defining an energy function from the transition table of the automaton may be extended to the wider class of threshold automata.
cs.DM
cellular automata are often used to model systems in physics social sciences biology that are inherently asynchronous over the past 20 years studies have demonstrated that the behavior of cellular automata drastically changed under asynchronous updates still the few mathematical analyses of asynchronism focus on onedimensional probabilistic cellular automata either on single examples or on specific classes as for other classic dynamical systems in physics extending known methods from one to twodimensional systems is a long lasting challenging problem in this paper we address the problem of analysing an apparently simple 2d asynchronous cellular automaton 2d minority where each cell when fired updates to the minority state of its neighborhood our experiments reveal that in spite of its simplicity the minority rule exhibits a quite complex response to asynchronism by focusing on the fully asynchronous regime we are however able to describe completely the asymptotic behavior of this dynamics as long as the initial configuration satisfies some natural constraints besides these technical results we have strong reasons to believe that our techniques relying on defining an energy function from the transition table of the automaton may be extended to the wider class of threshold automata
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706.248
Operator space entanglement entropy in transverse Ising chain
The efficiency of time dependent density matrix renormalization group methods is intrinsically connected with the rate of entanglement growth. We introduce a new measure of entanglement in the space of operators and show, for transverse Ising spin 1/2 chain, that the simulation of observables, contrary to simulation of typical pure quantum states, is efficient for initial local operators. For initial operators with a finite index in Majorana representation, the operator space entanglement entropy saturates with time to a level which is calculated analytically, while for initial operators with infinite index the growth of operator space entanglement entropy is shown to be logarithmic.
quant-ph
the efficiency of time dependent density matrix renormalization group methods is intrinsically connected with the rate of entanglement growth we introduce a new measure of entanglement in the space of operators and show for transverse ising spin 12 chain that the simulation of observables contrary to simulation of typical pure quantum states is efficient for initial local operators for initial operators with a finite index in majorana representation the operator space entanglement entropy saturates with time to a level which is calculated analytically while for initial operators with infinite index the growth of operator space entanglement entropy is shown to be logarithmic
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706.2481
Information functionals and the notion of (un)certainty: RMT - inspired case
Information functionals allow to quantify the degree of randomness of a given probability distribution, either absolutely (through min/max entropy principles) or relative to a prescribed reference one. Our primary aim is to analyze the "minimum information" assumption, which is a classic concept (R. Balian, 1968) in the random matrix theory. We put special emphasis on generic level (eigenvalue) spacing distributions and the degree of their randomness, or alternatively - information/organization deficit.
quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math-ph math.MP nlin.CD physics.data-an
information functionals allow to quantify the degree of randomness of a given probability distribution either absolutely through minmax entropy principles or relative to a prescribed reference one our primary aim is to analyze the minimum information assumption which is a classic concept r balian 1968 in the random matrix theory we put special emphasis on generic level eigenvalue spacing distributions and the degree of their randomness or alternatively informationorganization deficit
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706.2482
Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect: Topological Transitions in Two-Dimensional Systems
The spin-Hall conductivity in spatially-homogeneous two-dimensional electron systems described by the spin-orbit Hamiltonian \hbar \Omega_p \sigma is presented as a sum of the universal part Me/8 \pi \hbar determined by the Berry phase \Phi=M \pi (M is an odd integer, the winding number of the vector \Omega_p) and a non-universal part which vanishes under certain conditions determined by the analytical properties of \Omega_p. The analysis reveals a rich and complicated behavior of the spin-Hall conductivity which is relevant to both electron and hole states in quantum wells and can be detected in experiments.
cond-mat.mes-hall
the spinhall conductivity in spatiallyhomogeneous twodimensional electron systems described by the spinorbit hamiltonian hbar omega_p sigma is presented as a sum of the universal part me8 pi hbar determined by the berry phase phim pi m is an odd integer the winding number of the vector omega_p and a nonuniversal part which vanishes under certain conditions determined by the analytical properties of omega_p the analysis reveals a rich and complicated behavior of the spinhall conductivity which is relevant to both electron and hole states in quantum wells and can be detected in experiments
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706.2483
An extension of a Bourgain--Lindenstrauss--Milman inequality
Let || . || be a norm on R^n. Averaging || (\eps_1 x_1, ..., \eps_n x_n) || over all the 2^n choices of \eps = (\eps_1, ..., \eps_n) in {-1, +1}^n, we obtain an expression ||| . ||| which is an unconditional norm on R^n. Bourgain, Lindenstrauss and Milman showed that, for a certain (large) constant \eta > 1, one may average over (\eta n) (random) choices of \eps and obtain a norm that is isomorphic to ||| . |||. We show that this is the case for any \eta > 1.
math.FA math.PR
let be a norm on rn averaging eps_1 x_1 eps_n x_n over all the 2n choices of eps eps_1 eps_n in 1 1n we obtain an expression which is an unconditional norm on rn bourgain lindenstrauss and milman showed that for a certain large constant eta 1 one may average over eta n random choices of eps and obtain a norm that is isomorphic to we show that this is the case for any eta 1
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706.2484
Congruence Identities Arising From Dynamical Systems
By counting the numbers of periodic points of all periods for some interval maps, we obtain infinitely many new congruence identities in number theory.
math.NT math.DS
by counting the numbers of periodic points of all periods for some interval maps we obtain infinitely many new congruence identities in number theory
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706.2485
Time and Entropy in the Foundations of Mechanics
This contribution analyses the classical laws of motion by means of an approach relating time and entropy. We argue that adopting the notion of change of states as opposed to the usual derivation of Newton's laws in terms of fields a broader picture is obtained, suggesting that diverse branches of physics- classical, quantum, relativistic and statistical mechanics - turn out to be related by a common foundation.
physics.gen-ph
this contribution analyses the classical laws of motion by means of an approach relating time and entropy we argue that adopting the notion of change of states as opposed to the usual derivation of newtons laws in terms of fields a broader picture is obtained suggesting that diverse branches of physics classical quantum relativistic and statistical mechanics turn out to be related by a common foundation
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706.2486
Semiclassical Dynamics of Electron Wave Packet States with Phase Vortices
We consider semiclassical higher-order wave packet solutions of the Schrodinger equation with phase vortices. The vortex line is aligned with the propagation direction, and the wave packet carries a well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM) $\hbar l$ ($l$ is the vortex strength) along its main linear momentum. The probability current coils around momentum in such OAM states of electrons. In an electric field, these states evolve like massless particles with spin $l$. The magnetic-monopole Berry curvature appears in momentum space, which results in a spin-orbit-type interaction and a Berry/Magnus transverse force acting on the wave packet. This brings about the OAM Hall effect. In a magnetic field, there is a Zeeman interaction, which, can lead to more complicated dynamics.
quant-ph cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other physics.optics
we consider semiclassical higherorder wave packet solutions of the schrodinger equation with phase vortices the vortex line is aligned with the propagation direction and the wave packet carries a welldefined orbital angular momentum oam hbar l l is the vortex strength along its main linear momentum the probability current coils around momentum in such oam states of electrons in an electric field these states evolve like massless particles with spin l the magneticmonopole berry curvature appears in momentum space which results in a spinorbittype interaction and a berrymagnus transverse force acting on the wave packet this brings about the oam hall effect in a magnetic field there is a zeeman interaction which can lead to more complicated dynamics
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706.2487
Smallest 90o domains in epitaxial ferroelectric films
Ferroelectrics display spontaneous and switchable electrical polarization. Until recently, ferroelectricity was believed to disappear at the nanoscale; now, nano-ferroelectrics are being considered in numerous applications. This renewed interest was partly fuelled by the observation of ferroelectric domains in films of a few unit cells thickness, promising further size reduction of ferroelectric devices. It turns out that at reduced scales and dimensionalities the material's properties depend crucially on the intricacies of domain formation, that is, the way the crystal splits into regions with polarization oriented along the different energetically equivalent directions, typically at 180o and 90o from each other. Here we present a step forward in the manipulation and control of ferroelectric domains by the growth of thin films with regular self-patterned arrays of 90o domains only 7 nm wide. This is the narrowest width for 90o domains in epitaxial ferroelectrics that preserves the film lateral coherence, independently of the substrate.
cond-mat.mtrl-sci
ferroelectrics display spontaneous and switchable electrical polarization until recently ferroelectricity was believed to disappear at the nanoscale now nanoferroelectrics are being considered in numerous applications this renewed interest was partly fuelled by the observation of ferroelectric domains in films of a few unit cells thickness promising further size reduction of ferroelectric devices it turns out that at reduced scales and dimensionalities the materials properties depend crucially on the intricacies of domain formation that is the way the crystal splits into regions with polarization oriented along the different energetically equivalent directions typically at 180o and 90o from each other here we present a step forward in the manipulation and control of ferroelectric domains by the growth of thin films with regular selfpatterned arrays of 90o domains only 7 nm wide this is the narrowest width for 90o domains in epitaxial ferroelectrics that preserves the film lateral coherence independently of the substrate
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706.2488
Should physicists begin experimental study of the God's physical nature?
Inequality of forward and reversed processes in quantum physics means an existence of a memory of quantum system about the initial state. Importance of its experimental study for correct interpretation of quantum mechanics and understanding of a physical base of a consciousness is discussed.
physics.gen-ph
inequality of forward and reversed processes in quantum physics means an existence of a memory of quantum system about the initial state importance of its experimental study for correct interpretation of quantum mechanics and understanding of a physical base of a consciousness is discussed
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706.2489
Perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes in laboratories
It is well-known that the perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes are governed by a wave equation with some effective potential. We consider perturbations of a gas in a tube called Laval nozzle, which is narrow in the middle and has a sonic point in the throat. By equating the wave equation in a Laval nozzle of an arbitrary form with the wave equation of spin-s perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes, we find the exact expression for the form of the Laval nozzle, for which acoustic perturbations of the gas flow corresponds to the general form of perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes. This allows observation, in a laboratory, of the acoustic waves, which are analogue of damping quasinormal oscillations of Schwarzschild black holes. The found exact acoustic analog allows to observe also some other phenomena governed by the wave equation, such as the wave scattering and tunneling.
hep-th astro-ph gr-qc
it is wellknown that the perturbations of schwarzschild black holes are governed by a wave equation with some effective potential we consider perturbations of a gas in a tube called laval nozzle which is narrow in the middle and has a sonic point in the throat by equating the wave equation in a laval nozzle of an arbitrary form with the wave equation of spins perturbations of schwarzschild black holes we find the exact expression for the form of the laval nozzle for which acoustic perturbations of the gas flow corresponds to the general form of perturbations of schwarzschild black holes this allows observation in a laboratory of the acoustic waves which are analogue of damping quasinormal oscillations of schwarzschild black holes the found exact acoustic analog allows to observe also some other phenomena governed by the wave equation such as the wave scattering and tunneling
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706.249
Electron scattering on microscopic corrugations in graphene
We discuss various scattering mechanisms for Dirac fermions in single-layer graphene. It is shown that scattering on a short-range potential (due to, for example, neutral impurities) is mostly irrelevant for electronic quality of graphene, which is likely to be controlled by charged impurities and ripples (microscopic corrugations of a graphene sheet). The latter are an inherent feature of graphene due to its two-dimensional nature and can also be an important factor in defining the electron mean free path. We show that certain types of ripples create a long-range scattering potential, similar to Coulomb scatterers, and result in charge-carrier mobility practically independent on carrier concentration, in agreement with experimental observations.
cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci
we discuss various scattering mechanisms for dirac fermions in singlelayer graphene it is shown that scattering on a shortrange potential due to for example neutral impurities is mostly irrelevant for electronic quality of graphene which is likely to be controlled by charged impurities and ripples microscopic corrugations of a graphene sheet the latter are an inherent feature of graphene due to its twodimensional nature and can also be an important factor in defining the electron mean free path we show that certain types of ripples create a longrange scattering potential similar to coulomb scatterers and result in chargecarrier mobility practically independent on carrier concentration in agreement with experimental observations
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706.2491
The Intrinsic Fundamental Group of a Linear Category
We provide an intrinsic definition of the fundamental group of a linear category over a ring as the automorphism group of the fibre functor on Galois coverings. If the universal covering exists, we prove that this group is isomorphic to the Galois group of the universal covering. The grading deduced from a Galois covering enables us to describe the canonical monomorphism from its automorphism group to the first Hochschild-Mitchell cohomology vector space.
math.RA math.CT math.KT math.RT
we provide an intrinsic definition of the fundamental group of a linear category over a ring as the automorphism group of the fibre functor on galois coverings if the universal covering exists we prove that this group is isomorphic to the galois group of the universal covering the grading deduced from a galois covering enables us to describe the canonical monomorphism from its automorphism group to the first hochschildmitchell cohomology vector space
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706.2492
Time-of-arrival probabilities and quantum measurements: II Application to tunneling times
We formulate quantum tunneling as a time-of-arrival problem: we determine the detection probability for particles passing through a barrier at a detector located a distance L from the tunneling region. For this purpose, we use a Positive-Operator-Valued-Measure (POVM) for the time-of-arrival determined in quant-ph/0509020 [JMP 47, 122106 (2006)]. This only depends on the initial state, the Hamiltonian and the location of the detector. The POVM above provides a well-defined probability density and an unambiguous interpretation of all quantities involved. We demonstrate that for a class of localized initial states, the detection probability allows for an identification of tunneling time with the classic phase time. We also establish limits to the definability of tunneling time. We then generalize these results to a sequential measurement set-up: the phase space properties of the particles are determined by an unsharp sampling before their attempt to cross the barrier. For such measurements the tunneling time is defined as a genuine observable. This allows us to construct a probability distribution for its values that is definable for all initial states and potentials. We also identify a regime, in which these probabilities correspond to a tunneling-time operator.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
we formulate quantum tunneling as a timeofarrival problem we determine the detection probability for particles passing through a barrier at a detector located a distance l from the tunneling region for this purpose we use a positiveoperatorvaluedmeasure povm for the timeofarrival determined in quantph0509020 jmp 47 122106 2006 this only depends on the initial state the hamiltonian and the location of the detector the povm above provides a welldefined probability density and an unambiguous interpretation of all quantities involved we demonstrate that for a class of localized initial states the detection probability allows for an identification of tunneling time with the classic phase time we also establish limits to the definability of tunneling time we then generalize these results to a sequential measurement setup the phase space properties of the particles are determined by an unsharp sampling before their attempt to cross the barrier for such measurements the tunneling time is defined as a genuine observable this allows us to construct a probability distribution for its values that is definable for all initial states and potentials we also identify a regime in which these probabilities correspond to a tunnelingtime operator
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706.2493
Fuzzy Scalar Field Theory as a Multitrace Matrix Model
We develop an analytical approach to scalar field theory on the fuzzy sphere based on considering a perturbative expansion of the kinetic term. This expansion allows us to integrate out the angular degrees of freedom in the hermitian matrices encoding the scalar field. The remaining model depends only on the eigenvalues of the matrices and corresponds to a multitrace hermitian matrix model. Such a model can be solved by standard techniques as e.g. the saddle-point approximation. We evaluate the perturbative expansion up to second order and present the one-cut solution of the saddle-point approximation in the large N limit. We apply our approach to a model which has been proposed as an appropriate regularization of scalar field theory on the plane within the framework of fuzzy geometry.
hep-th
we develop an analytical approach to scalar field theory on the fuzzy sphere based on considering a perturbative expansion of the kinetic term this expansion allows us to integrate out the angular degrees of freedom in the hermitian matrices encoding the scalar field the remaining model depends only on the eigenvalues of the matrices and corresponds to a multitrace hermitian matrix model such a model can be solved by standard techniques as eg the saddlepoint approximation we evaluate the perturbative expansion up to second order and present the onecut solution of the saddlepoint approximation in the large n limit we apply our approach to a model which has been proposed as an appropriate regularization of scalar field theory on the plane within the framework of fuzzy geometry
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706.2494
Kappa-symmetry for coincident D-branes
A kappa-symmetric action for coincident D-branes is presented. It is valid in the approximation that the additional fermionic variables, used to incorporate the non-abelian degrees of freedom, are treated classically. The action is written as a Bernstein-Leites integral on the supermanifold obtained from the bosonic worldvolume by adjoining the extra fermions. The integrand is a very simple extension of the usual Green-Schwarz action for a single brane; all symmetries, except for kappa, are manifest, and the proof of kappa-symmetry is very similar to the abelian case.
hep-th
a kappasymmetric action for coincident dbranes is presented it is valid in the approximation that the additional fermionic variables used to incorporate the nonabelian degrees of freedom are treated classically the action is written as a bernsteinleites integral on the supermanifold obtained from the bosonic worldvolume by adjoining the extra fermions the integrand is a very simple extension of the usual greenschwarz action for a single brane all symmetries except for kappa are manifest and the proof of kappasymmetry is very similar to the abelian case
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706.2495
Fidelity susceptibility, scaling, and universality in quantum critical phenomena
We study fidelity susceptibility in one-dimensional asymmetric Hubbard model, and show that the fidelity susceptibility can be used to identify the universality class of the quantum phase transitions in this model. The critical exponents are found to be 0 and 2 for cases of half-filling and away from half-filling respectively.
quant-ph
we study fidelity susceptibility in onedimensional asymmetric hubbard model and show that the fidelity susceptibility can be used to identify the universality class of the quantum phase transitions in this model the critical exponents are found to be 0 and 2 for cases of halffilling and away from halffilling respectively
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706.2496
Time-of-arrival probabilities and quantum measurements: III Decay of unstable states
We study the decay of unstable states by formulating quantum tunneling as a time-of-arrival problem: we determine the detection probability for particles at a detector located a distance L from the tunneling region. For this purpose, we use a Positive-Operator-Valued-Measure (POVM) for the time-of-arrival determined in quant-ph/0509020 [JMP 7, 122106 (2006)]. This only depends on the initial state, the Hamiltonian and the location of the detector. The POVM above provides a well-defined probability density and an unambiguous interpretation of all quantities involved. We demonstrate that the exponential decay only arises if three specific mathematical conditions are met. Their physical content is the following: (i) the decay time is much larger than any microscopic timescale, so that the fine details of the initial state can be ignored, (ii) there is no quantum coherence between the different `attempts' of the particle to traverse the barrier, and (iii) the transmission probability varies little within the momentum spread of the initial state. We also determine the long time limits of the decay probability and we identify regimes, in which the decays have no exponential phase.
quant-ph cond-mat.other
we study the decay of unstable states by formulating quantum tunneling as a timeofarrival problem we determine the detection probability for particles at a detector located a distance l from the tunneling region for this purpose we use a positiveoperatorvaluedmeasure povm for the timeofarrival determined in quantph0509020 jmp 7 122106 2006 this only depends on the initial state the hamiltonian and the location of the detector the povm above provides a welldefined probability density and an unambiguous interpretation of all quantities involved we demonstrate that the exponential decay only arises if three specific mathematical conditions are met their physical content is the following i the decay time is much larger than any microscopic timescale so that the fine details of the initial state can be ignored ii there is no quantum coherence between the different attempts of the particle to traverse the barrier and iii the transmission probability varies little within the momentum spread of the initial state we also determine the long time limits of the decay probability and we identify regimes in which the decays have no exponential phase
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706.2497
Robot motion planning, weights of cohomology classes, and cohomology operations
The complexity of algorithms solving the motion planning problem is measured by a homotopy invariant TC(X) of the configuration space X of the system. Previously known lower bounds for TC(X) use the structure of the cohomology algebra of X. In this paper we show how cohomology operations can be used to sharpen these lower bounds for TC(X). As an application of this technique we calculate explicitly the topological complexity of various lens spaces. The results of the paper were inspired by the work of E. Fadell and S. Husseini on weights of cohomology classes appearing in the classical lower bounds for the Lusternik - Schnirelmann category. In the appendix to this paper we give a very short proof of a generalized version of their result.
math.AT math.OC
the complexity of algorithms solving the motion planning problem is measured by a homotopy invariant tcx of the configuration space x of the system previously known lower bounds for tcx use the structure of the cohomology algebra of x in this paper we show how cohomology operations can be used to sharpen these lower bounds for tcx as an application of this technique we calculate explicitly the topological complexity of various lens spaces the results of the paper were inspired by the work of e fadell and s husseini on weights of cohomology classes appearing in the classical lower bounds for the lusternik schnirelmann category in the appendix to this paper we give a very short proof of a generalized version of their result
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706.2498
Decoherence in supernova neutrino transformations suppressed by deleptonization
In the dense-neutrino region at 50-400 km above the neutrino sphere in a supernova, neutrino-neutrino interactions cause large flavor transformations. We study when the multi-angle nature of the neutrino trajectories leads to flavor decoherence between different angular modes. We consider a two-flavor mixing scenario between nu_e and another flavor nu_x and assume the usual hierarchy F(nu_e)>F{antinu_e)>F(nu_x)=F(antinu_x) for the number fluxes. We define epsilon=(F(nu_e)-F(antinu_e))/(F(antinu_e)-F(antinu_x)) as a measure for the deleptonization flux which is the one crucial parameter. The transition between the quasi single-angle behavior and multi-angle decoherence is abrupt as a function of epsilon. For typical choices of other parameters, multi-angle decoherence is suppressed for epsilon>0.3, but a much smaller asymmetry suffices if the neutrino mass hierarchy is normal and the mixing angle small. The critical epsilon depends logarithmically on the neutrino luminosity. In a realistic supernova scenario, the deleptonization flux is probably enough to suppress multi-angle decoherence.
astro-ph hep-ph
in the denseneutrino region at 50400 km above the neutrino sphere in a supernova neutrinoneutrino interactions cause large flavor transformations we study when the multiangle nature of the neutrino trajectories leads to flavor decoherence between different angular modes we consider a twoflavor mixing scenario between nu_e and another flavor nu_x and assume the usual hierarchy fnu_efantinu_efnu_xfantinu_x for the number fluxes we define epsilonfnu_efantinu_efantinu_efantinu_x as a measure for the deleptonization flux which is the one crucial parameter the transition between the quasi singleangle behavior and multiangle decoherence is abrupt as a function of epsilon for typical choices of other parameters multiangle decoherence is suppressed for epsilon03 but a much smaller asymmetry suffices if the neutrino mass hierarchy is normal and the mixing angle small the critical epsilon depends logarithmically on the neutrino luminosity in a realistic supernova scenario the deleptonization flux is probably enough to suppress multiangle decoherence
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706.2499
Alexander polynomials: Essential variables and multiplicities
We explore the codimension one strata in the degree-one cohomology jumping loci of a finitely generated group, through the prism of the multivariable Alexander polynomial. As an application, we give new criteria that must be satisfied by fundamental groups of smooth, quasi-projective complex varieties. These criteria establish precisely which fundamental groups of boundary manifolds of complex line arrangements are quasi-projective. We also give sharp upper bounds for the twisted Betti ranks of a group, in terms of multiplicities constructed from the Alexander polynomial. For Seifert links in homology 3-spheres, these bounds become equalities, and our formula shows explicitly how the Alexander polynomial determines all the characteristic varieties.
math.AG math.GR
we explore the codimension one strata in the degreeone cohomology jumping loci of a finitely generated group through the prism of the multivariable alexander polynomial as an application we give new criteria that must be satisfied by fundamental groups of smooth quasiprojective complex varieties these criteria establish precisely which fundamental groups of boundary manifolds of complex line arrangements are quasiprojective we also give sharp upper bounds for the twisted betti ranks of a group in terms of multiplicities constructed from the alexander polynomial for seifert links in homology 3spheres these bounds become equalities and our formula shows explicitly how the alexander polynomial determines all the characteristic varieties
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706.25
Unusual temperature behavior of entropy of antiferromagnetic spin state in nuclear matter with effective finite range interaction
The unusual temperature behavior of the entropy of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin state in symmetric nuclear matter with the Gogny D1S interaction, being larger at low temperatures than the entropy of nonpolarized matter, is related to the dependence of the entropy on the effective masses of nucleons in a spin polarized state. The corresponding conditions for comparing the entropies of the AFM and nonpolarized states in terms of the effective masses are formulated, including low and high temperature limits. It is shown that the unexpected temperature behavior of the entropy of the AFM spin state at low temperatures is caused by the violation of the corresponding low temperature criterium.
nucl-th cond-mat.other hep-ph
the unusual temperature behavior of the entropy of the antiferromagnetic afm spin state in symmetric nuclear matter with the gogny d1s interaction being larger at low temperatures than the entropy of nonpolarized matter is related to the dependence of the entropy on the effective masses of nucleons in a spin polarized state the corresponding conditions for comparing the entropies of the afm and nonpolarized states in terms of the effective masses are formulated including low and high temperature limits it is shown that the unexpected temperature behavior of the entropy of the afm spin state at low temperatures is caused by the violation of the corresponding low temperature criterium
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706.2501
Matching polytopes, toric geometry, and the non-negative part of the Grassmannian
In this paper we use toric geometry to investigate the topology of the totally non-negative part of the Grassmannian (Gr_{kn})_{\geq 0}. This is a cell complex whose cells Delta_G can be parameterized in terms of the combinatorics of plane-bipartite graphs G. To each cell Delta_G we associate a certain polytope P(G). The polytopes P(G) are analogous to the well-known Birkhoff polytopes, and we describe their face lattices in terms of matchings and unions of matchings of G. We also demonstrate a close connection between the polytopes P(G) and matroid polytopes. We then use the data of P(G) to define an associated toric variety X_G. We use our technology to prove that the cell decomposition of (Gr_{kn})_{\geq 0} is a CW complex, and furthermore, that the Euler characteristic of the closure of each cell of (Gr_{kn})_{\geq 0} is 1.
math.AG math.CO
in this paper we use toric geometry to investigate the topology of the totally nonnegative part of the grassmannian gr_kn_geq 0 this is a cell complex whose cells delta_g can be parameterized in terms of the combinatorics of planebipartite graphs g to each cell delta_g we associate a certain polytope pg the polytopes pg are analogous to the wellknown birkhoff polytopes and we describe their face lattices in terms of matchings and unions of matchings of g we also demonstrate a close connection between the polytopes pg and matroid polytopes we then use the data of pg to define an associated toric variety x_g we use our technology to prove that the cell decomposition of gr_kn_geq 0 is a cw complex and furthermore that the euler characteristic of the closure of each cell of gr_kn_geq 0 is 1
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706.2502
Metastable Flux Configurations and de Sitter Spaces
We derive stability conditions for the critical points of the no-scale scalar potential governing the dynamics of the complex structure moduli and the axio-dilaton in compactifications of type IIB string theory on Calabi-Yau three-folds. We discuss a concrete example of a T^6 orientifold. We then consider the four-dimensional theory obtained from compactifications of type IIB string theory on non-geometric backgrounds which are mirror to rigid Calabi-Yau manifolds and show that the complex structure moduli fields can be stabilized in terms of H_{RR} only, i.e. with no need of orientifold projection. The stabilization of all the fields at weak coupling, including the axio-dilaton, may require to break supersymmetry in the presence of H_{NS} flux or corrections to the scalar potential.
hep-th
we derive stability conditions for the critical points of the noscale scalar potential governing the dynamics of the complex structure moduli and the axiodilaton in compactifications of type iib string theory on calabiyau threefolds we discuss a concrete example of a t6 orientifold we then consider the fourdimensional theory obtained from compactifications of type iib string theory on nongeometric backgrounds which are mirror to rigid calabiyau manifolds and show that the complex structure moduli fields can be stabilized in terms of h_rr only ie with no need of orientifold projection the stabilization of all the fields at weak coupling including the axiodilaton may require to break supersymmetry in the presence of h_ns flux or corrections to the scalar potential
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706.2503
New Solutions of the Inflationary Flow Equations
The inflationary flow equations are a frequently used method of surveying the space of inflationary models. In these applications the infinite hierarchy of differential equations is truncated in a way which has been shown to be equivalent to restricting the set of models considered to those characterized by polynomial inflaton potentials. This paper explores a different method of solving the flow equations, which does not truncate the hierarchy and in consequence covers a much wider class of models while retaining the practical usability of the standard approach.
astro-ph
the inflationary flow equations are a frequently used method of surveying the space of inflationary models in these applications the infinite hierarchy of differential equations is truncated in a way which has been shown to be equivalent to restricting the set of models considered to those characterized by polynomial inflaton potentials this paper explores a different method of solving the flow equations which does not truncate the hierarchy and in consequence covers a much wider class of models while retaining the practical usability of the standard approach
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706.2504
Singular Sources of Energy in Stars and Planets
If primordial low-mass black holes (PBH) exist in the Universe than many of stars and planetary bodies appear to be infected by them. This is also true in regard to the Sun and likely Jupiter and Saturn. The availability of even the very low-mass inner relativistic reactor may lead to essential changes in evolution scenario of a celestial body on its lifetime scale. Black holes in stellar interior may be found either in consequence of captures process or incorporation during the formation of a star from interstellar clouds. Surprisingly that in the equilibrium state a PBH growth is a long-lived process with e-folding rise time of billion years. One can envision a PBH orbiting inside the Sun. Our considerations showed that the PBH experiences very little friction in passing through the stellar matter. If the BH mass is above 10^{-5}M_{sun} the major contribution to the luminosity comes from the relativistic gravitational reactor. In such a case a star evolves towards the Eddington limit. This should lead to considerable expansion of a star and a global stability loss. Microscopic PBHs can exist in the interior of planetary bodies too. To produce the required excess of thermal energy on Jupiter and Saturn the masses of PBH captured are assumed to be reached of 4 10^{19} and 7 10^{18} g, respectively. These microscopic objects are comparable to the hydrogen atom in size. One can envision even a planet with the PBH acting as the self-sufficient source of heating. Such a planet does not need a sun to maintain animal life on its surface. This may last eons.
astro-ph
if primordial lowmass black holes pbh exist in the universe than many of stars and planetary bodies appear to be infected by them this is also true in regard to the sun and likely jupiter and saturn the availability of even the very lowmass inner relativistic reactor may lead to essential changes in evolution scenario of a celestial body on its lifetime scale black holes in stellar interior may be found either in consequence of captures process or incorporation during the formation of a star from interstellar clouds surprisingly that in the equilibrium state a pbh growth is a longlived process with efolding rise time of billion years one can envision a pbh orbiting inside the sun our considerations showed that the pbh experiences very little friction in passing through the stellar matter if the bh mass is above 105m_sun the major contribution to the luminosity comes from the relativistic gravitational reactor in such a case a star evolves towards the eddington limit this should lead to considerable expansion of a star and a global stability loss microscopic pbhs can exist in the interior of planetary bodies too to produce the required excess of thermal energy on jupiter and saturn the masses of pbh captured are assumed to be reached of 4 1019 and 7 1018 g respectively these microscopic objects are comparable to the hydrogen atom in size one can envision even a planet with the pbh acting as the selfsufficient source of heating such a planet does not need a sun to maintain animal life on its surface this may last eons
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706.2505
Inert states of spin-S systems
We present a simple but efficient geometrical method for determining the inert states of spin-S systems. It can be used if the system is described by a spin vector of a spin-S particle and its energy is invariant in spin rotations and phase changes. Our method is applicable to an arbitrary S and it is based on the representation of a pure spin state of a spin-S particle in terms of 2S points on the surface of a sphere. We use this method to find candidates for some of the ground states of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.
cond-mat.other
we present a simple but efficient geometrical method for determining the inert states of spins systems it can be used if the system is described by a spin vector of a spins particle and its energy is invariant in spin rotations and phase changes our method is applicable to an arbitrary s and it is based on the representation of a pure spin state of a spins particle in terms of 2s points on the surface of a sphere we use this method to find candidates for some of the ground states of spinor boseeinstein condensates
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706.2506
Varieties with very little transcendental cohomology
Given a complex algebraic variety X, we define a natural number called the motivic dimension which measures the amount of transcendental (co)homology of X. It is zero precisely when all the (co)homolgy is spanned by algebraic cycles. Most of this paper is concerned with giving estimates on this number, along with examples where it is small. As an application, we check or recheck the Hodge conjectue in a number of examples: uniruled fourfolds, rationally connected fivefolds, fourfolds fibred by surfaces with p_g=0, Hilbert schemes of a small number points on surfaces with p_g=0, and generic hypersurfaces.
math.AG
given a complex algebraic variety x we define a natural number called the motivic dimension which measures the amount of transcendental cohomology of x it is zero precisely when all the cohomolgy is spanned by algebraic cycles most of this paper is concerned with giving estimates on this number along with examples where it is small as an application we check or recheck the hodge conjectue in a number of examples uniruled fourfolds rationally connected fivefolds fourfolds fibred by surfaces with p_g0 hilbert schemes of a small number points on surfaces with p_g0 and generic hypersurfaces
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706.2507
Adaptive homodyne phase discrimination and qubit measurement
Fast and accurate measurement is a highly desirable, if not vital, feature of quantum computing architectures. In this work we investigate the usefulness of adaptive measurements in improving the speed and accuracy of qubit measurement. We examine a particular class of quantum computing architectures, ones based on qubits coupled to well controlled harmonic oscillator modes (reminiscent of cavity-QED), where adaptive schemes for measurement are particularly appropriate. In such architectures, qubit measurement is equivalent to phase discrimination for a mode of the electromagnetic field, and we examine adaptive techniques for doing this. In the final section we present a concrete example of applying adaptive measurement to the particularly well-developed circuit-QED architecture.
quant-ph
fast and accurate measurement is a highly desirable if not vital feature of quantum computing architectures in this work we investigate the usefulness of adaptive measurements in improving the speed and accuracy of qubit measurement we examine a particular class of quantum computing architectures ones based on qubits coupled to well controlled harmonic oscillator modes reminiscent of cavityqed where adaptive schemes for measurement are particularly appropriate in such architectures qubit measurement is equivalent to phase discrimination for a mode of the electromagnetic field and we examine adaptive techniques for doing this in the final section we present a concrete example of applying adaptive measurement to the particularly welldeveloped circuitqed architecture
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706.2508
Hardcore dimer aspects of the SU(2) Singlet wavefunction
We demonstrate that any SU(2) singlet wavefunction can be characterized by a set of Valence Bond occupation numbers, testing dimer presence/vacancy on pairs of sites. This genuine quantum property of singlet states (i) shows that SU(2) singlets share some of the intuitive features of hardcore quantum dimers, (ii) gives rigorous basis for interesting albeit apparently ill-defined quantities introduced recently in the context of Quantum Magnetism or Quantum Information to measure respectively spin correlations and bipartite entanglement and, (iii) suggests a scheme to define consistently a wide family of quantities analogous to high order spin correlation. This result is demonstrated in the framework of a general functional mapping between the Hilbert space generated by an arbitrary number of spins and a set of algebraic functions found to be an efficient analytical tool for the description of quantum spins or qubits systems.
cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.other
we demonstrate that any su2 singlet wavefunction can be characterized by a set of valence bond occupation numbers testing dimer presencevacancy on pairs of sites this genuine quantum property of singlet states i shows that su2 singlets share some of the intuitive features of hardcore quantum dimers ii gives rigorous basis for interesting albeit apparently illdefined quantities introduced recently in the context of quantum magnetism or quantum information to measure respectively spin correlations and bipartite entanglement and iii suggests a scheme to define consistently a wide family of quantities analogous to high order spin correlation this result is demonstrated in the framework of a general functional mapping between the hilbert space generated by an arbitrary number of spins and a set of algebraic functions found to be an efficient analytical tool for the description of quantum spins or qubits systems
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706.2509
Exact Metric Operators as the Ground State functions of the Hermitian Conjugates of a Class of Quasi-Hermitian Hamiltonians
We generalized a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians which introduced previously by us in such a way in which every member in the class is non-\textit{PT}-symmetric. For every member of the class, the ground state is a constant with zero energy eigen value. Instead of using an infinite set of coupled operator equations to calculate the metric operator we used a simple realization to obtain the class of closed form metric operators corresponding to the class of non-Hermitian and non-\textit{PT}-symmetric Hamiltonians introduced. The trick is that, if $\psi$ is an eigen function of $H$, then $\phi=\eta\psi$ is an eigen function of $H^{\dagger}$ with the same eigen value. Thus, knowing any pair $(\psi ,\phi)$ one can deduce the form of the exact metric operator. We note that, the class of Hamiltonians generalized in this work has the form of that of imaginary magnetic field which can be absorbed by the quasi-gauge transformations represented by metric operators. Accordingly, it is expected that the $Q$ operators will disappear for the whole members in the class in the path integral formulation. However, the detailed analysis of this issue will appear in another work.
hep-th
we generalized a class of nonhermitian hamiltonians which introduced previously by us in such a way in which every member in the class is nontextitptsymmetric for every member of the class the ground state is a constant with zero energy eigen value instead of using an infinite set of coupled operator equations to calculate the metric operator we used a simple realization to obtain the class of closed form metric operators corresponding to the class of nonhermitian and nontextitptsymmetric hamiltonians introduced the trick is that if psi is an eigen function of h then phietapsi is an eigen function of hdagger with the same eigen value thus knowing any pair psi phi one can deduce the form of the exact metric operator we note that the class of hamiltonians generalized in this work has the form of that of imaginary magnetic field which can be absorbed by the quasigauge transformations represented by metric operators accordingly it is expected that the q operators will disappear for the whole members in the class in the path integral formulation however the detailed analysis of this issue will appear in another work
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706.251
Arrival time distribution for a driven system containing quenched dichotomous disorder
We study the arrival time distribution of overdamped particles driven by a constant force in a piecewise linear random potential which generates the dichotomous random force. Our approach is based on the path integral representation of the probability density of the arrival time. We explicitly calculate the path integral for a special case of dichotomous disorder and use the corresponding characteristic function to derive prominent properties of the arrival time probability density. Specifically, we establish the scaling properties of the central moments, analyze the behavior of the probability density for short, long, and intermediate distances. In order to quantify the deviation of the arrival time distribution from a Gaussian shape, we evaluate the skewness and the kurtosis.
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn
we study the arrival time distribution of overdamped particles driven by a constant force in a piecewise linear random potential which generates the dichotomous random force our approach is based on the path integral representation of the probability density of the arrival time we explicitly calculate the path integral for a special case of dichotomous disorder and use the corresponding characteristic function to derive prominent properties of the arrival time probability density specifically we establish the scaling properties of the central moments analyze the behavior of the probability density for short long and intermediate distances in order to quantify the deviation of the arrival time distribution from a gaussian shape we evaluate the skewness and the kurtosis
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706.2511
Chaos in Kundt type III Spacetimes
We consider geodesics motion in a particular Kundt type III spacetime in which Einstein-Yang-Mills equations admit solutions. On a particular surface as constraint we project the geodesics into the (x,y) plane and treat the problem as a 2-dimensional one. Our numerical study shows that chaotic behavior emerges under reasonable conditions.
gr-qc
we consider geodesics motion in a particular kundt type iii spacetime in which einsteinyangmills equations admit solutions on a particular surface as constraint we project the geodesics into the xy plane and treat the problem as a 2dimensional one our numerical study shows that chaotic behavior emerges under reasonable conditions
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706.2512
Logarithmic comparison theorem versus Gauss-Manin system for isolated singularities
For quasihomogeneous isolated hypersurface singularities, the logarithmic comparison theorem has been characterized explicitly by Holland and Mond. In the non quasihomogeneous case, we give a necessary condition for the logarithmic comparison theorem in terms of the Gauss-Manin system of the singularity. It shows in particular that the logarithmic comparison theorem can hold for a non quasihomogeneous singularity only if 1 is an eigenvalue of the monodromy.
math.AG
for quasihomogeneous isolated hypersurface singularities the logarithmic comparison theorem has been characterized explicitly by holland and mond in the non quasihomogeneous case we give a necessary condition for the logarithmic comparison theorem in terms of the gaussmanin system of the singularity it shows in particular that the logarithmic comparison theorem can hold for a non quasihomogeneous singularity only if 1 is an eigenvalue of the monodromy
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706.2513
The Harmonic Series and the nth Term Test for Divergence
The divergence of the harmonic series is proved by direct comparison with a series whose nth partial sum telescopes to the natural logarithm of n. The key idea is to apply the classical inequality x>=log(1+x) (valid for x>-1) with x=1/k and sum over k, 1<=k<=n-1.
math.HO
the divergence of the harmonic series is proved by direct comparison with a series whose nth partial sum telescopes to the natural logarithm of n the key idea is to apply the classical inequality xlog1x valid for x1 with x1k and sum over k 1kn1
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