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709.3535 | Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Latent Class Models For Contingency
Table Data | Statistical models with latent structure have a history going back to the
1950s and have seen widespread use in the social sciences and, more recently,
in computational biology and in machine learning. Here we study the basic
latent class model proposed originally by the sociologist Paul F. Lazarfeld for
categorical variables, and we explain its geometric structure. We draw
parallels between the statistical and geometric properties of latent class
models and we illustrate geometrically the causes of many problems associated
with maximum likelihood estimation and related statistical inference. In
particular, we focus on issues of non-identifiability and determination of the
model dimension, of maximization of the likelihood function and on the effect
of symmetric data. We illustrate these phenomena with a variety of synthetic
and real-life tables, of different dimension and complexity. Much of the
motivation for this work stems from the "100 Swiss Francs" problem, which we
introduce and describe in detail.
| stat.ME math.ST stat.TH | statistical models with latent structure have a history going back to the 1950s and have seen widespread use in the social sciences and more recently in computational biology and in machine learning here we study the basic latent class model proposed originally by the sociologist paul f lazarfeld for categorical variables and we explain its geometric structure we draw parallels between the statistical and geometric properties of latent class models and we illustrate geometrically the causes of many problems associated with maximum likelihood estimation and related statistical inference in particular we focus on issues of nonidentifiability and determination of the model dimension of maximization of the likelihood function and on the effect of symmetric data we illustrate these phenomena with a variety of synthetic and reallife tables of different dimension and complexity much of the motivation for this work stems from the 100 swiss francs problem which we introduce and describe in detail | [['statistical', 'models', 'with', 'latent', 'structure', 'have', 'a', 'history', 'going', 'back', 'to', 'the', '1950s', 'and', 'have', 'seen', 'widespread', 'use', 'in', 'the', 'social', 'sciences', 'and', 'more', 'recently', 'in', 'computational', 'biology', 'and', 'in', 'machine', 'learning', 'here', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'basic', 'latent', 'class', 'model', 'proposed', 'originally', 'by', 'the', 'sociologist', 'paul', 'f', 'lazarfeld', 'for', 'categorical', 'variables', 'and', 'we', 'explain', 'its', 'geometric', 'structure', 'we', 'draw', 'parallels', 'between', 'the', 'statistical', 'and', 'geometric', 'properties', 'of', 'latent', 'class', 'models', 'and', 'we', 'illustrate', 'geometrically', 'the', 'causes', 'of', 'many', 'problems', 'associated', 'with', 'maximum', 'likelihood', 'estimation', 'and', 'related', 'statistical', 'inference', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'focus', 'on', 'issues', 'of', 'nonidentifiability', 'and', 'determination', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'dimension', 'of', 'maximization', 'of', 'the', 'likelihood', 'function', 'and', 'on', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'symmetric', 'data', 'we', 'illustrate', 'these', 'phenomena', 'with', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'synthetic', 'and', 'reallife', 'tables', 'of', 'different', 'dimension', 'and', 'complexity', 'much', 'of', 'the', 'motivation', 'for', 'this', 'work', 'stems', 'from', 'the', '100', 'swiss', 'francs', 'problem', 'which', 'we', 'introduce', 'and', 'describe', 'in', 'detail']] | [-0.022685596868732796, 0.045224477664114124, -0.0670442077833669, 0.0907201565385453, -0.10309506016538332, -0.10766416744904984, 0.05022469260209044, 0.3638716235046128, -0.3100187751176571, -0.3406573947470047, 0.11129950068348798, -0.2564052045018846, -0.21520127897536823, 0.1939288334106095, -0.1120662362480193, 0.060837096197294736, 0.032856346009985396, 0.022356277484887915, -0.07000787723441854, -0.24926380714015595, 0.35534634566743317, 0.05669822306739852, 0.30144903183099814, 0.031066895209828783, 0.11716494584796142, 0.006910914094126048, -0.0730190696899387, 0.03377837011296498, -0.1590793912442965, 0.1787536928735024, 0.2503705142963602, 0.20507128166316665, 0.3082101733797524, -0.41134422674382987, -0.2412322315748928, 0.13552284275494075, 0.08043541102961171, 0.0997181343951333, -0.027809894728642048, -0.2567786585024901, 0.03249723197873927, -0.16484447132403912, -0.07728487070447668, -0.09319313477700282, 0.003838232860863699, 0.022455559769265453, -0.20474828426851768, 0.06274693928609945, 0.06764471550214742, 0.12090393028369076, -0.03637749172125232, -0.14812071296986878, 0.022488005995431815, 0.10262641220469959, 0.0870107107927508, -0.018956477164082525, 0.07376721239722285, -0.15726322472236412, -0.14993010479099067, 0.37805511982572315, -0.012982522517344669, -0.17253182598659278, 0.22175478690769523, -0.12008156007198666, -0.20127690815991772, 0.04550567343157079, 0.2449011764930267, 0.10529628788476418, -0.12600614218804126, 0.11063085539468662, -0.04637775136353938, 0.11113654095357847, 0.02440941690216086, -0.007145481024819769, 0.1724426214151256, 0.17599821795470474, -0.008471715677986043, 0.17684581467734747, -0.10771050769567649, -0.14140065196950577, -0.23795999843155427, -0.15773537077352798, -0.16435543749953227, 0.01682106719205254, -0.10473801614601766, -0.1562417882225035, 0.41643783509559734, 0.1970160177872075, 0.21020819133110835, 0.0477397723433521, 0.24580786880534633, 0.06750254268684473, 0.01690182190137229, 0.05437686671594795, 0.17689110001696176, 0.16468472910223922, 0.09364492203243763, -0.1762112104502433, 0.09303418064404181, 0.019093722088176657] |
709.3536 | Dynamics of proteins: Light scattering study of dilute and dense
colloidal suspensions of eye lens homogenates | We report a dynamic light scattering study on protein suspensions of bovine
lens homogenates at conditions (pH and ionic strength) similar to the
physiological ones. Light scattering data were collected at two temperatures,
20 oC and 37 oC, over a wide range of concentrations from the very dilute limit
up to the dense regime approaching to the physiological lens concentration. A
comparison with experimental data from intact bovine lenses was advanced
revealing differences between dispersions and lenses at similar concentrations.
In the dilute regime two scattering entities were detected and identified with
the long-time, self-diffusion modes of alpha-crystallins and their aggregates,
which naturally exist in lens nucleus. Self-diffusion coefficients are
temperature insensitive, whereas the collective diffusion coefficient depends
strongly on temperature revealing a reduction of the net repulsive
interparticle forces with lowering temperature. While there are no rigorous
theoretical approaches on particle diffusion properties for multi-component,
non-ideal hard-sphere, polydispersed systems, as the suspensions studied here,
a discussion of the volume fraction dependence of the long-time, self-diffusion
coefficient in the context of existing theoretical approaches was undertaken.
This study is purported to provide some insight into the complex light
scattering pattern of intact lenses and the interactions between the
constituent proteins that are responsible for lens transparency. This would
lead to understand basic mechanisms of specific protein interactions that lead
to lens opacification (cataract) under pathological conditions.
| cond-mat.soft cond-mat.dis-nn | we report a dynamic light scattering study on protein suspensions of bovine lens homogenates at conditions ph and ionic strength similar to the physiological ones light scattering data were collected at two temperatures 20 oc and 37 oc over a wide range of concentrations from the very dilute limit up to the dense regime approaching to the physiological lens concentration a comparison with experimental data from intact bovine lenses was advanced revealing differences between dispersions and lenses at similar concentrations in the dilute regime two scattering entities were detected and identified with the longtime selfdiffusion modes of alphacrystallins and their aggregates which naturally exist in lens nucleus selfdiffusion coefficients are temperature insensitive whereas the collective diffusion coefficient depends strongly on temperature revealing a reduction of the net repulsive interparticle forces with lowering temperature while there are no rigorous theoretical approaches on particle diffusion properties for multicomponent nonideal hardsphere polydispersed systems as the suspensions studied here a discussion of the volume fraction dependence of the longtime selfdiffusion coefficient in the context of existing theoretical approaches was undertaken this study is purported to provide some insight into the complex light scattering pattern of intact lenses and the interactions between the constituent proteins that are responsible for lens transparency this would lead to understand basic mechanisms of specific protein interactions that lead to lens opacification cataract under pathological conditions | [['we', 'report', 'a', 'dynamic', 'light', 'scattering', 'study', 'on', 'protein', 'suspensions', 'of', 'bovine', 'lens', 'homogenates', 'at', 'conditions', 'ph', 'and', 'ionic', 'strength', 'similar', 'to', 'the', 'physiological', 'ones', 'light', 'scattering', 'data', 'were', 'collected', 'at', 'two', 'temperatures', '20', 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709.3537 | L'articolo di Ettore Majorana su "Il valore delle Leggi Statistiche
nella Fisica e nelle Scienze Sociali" (Ettore Majorana's article on "The
value of Statistical Laws in Physics and in Social Sciences") | The mentioned article was written by Ettore Majorana, in a partially
educational way, for a journal of Sociology; but he gave up publishing it (and
threw it away). It appeared posthumous, thanks to Giovanni Gentile Jr. (the
inventor of "parastatistics") in "Scientia" 36 (1942) 58-66. It has not been
re-published, in Italian, till the beginning of 2006, when we made known some
abridgements of it by Italian newspapers and by the journal "Fisica in
Medicina". We don't know when was it written: perhaps in 1930. However, its
central theme was still alive in Majorana's mind in 1934: in fact, on July 27,
1934, he will write to G.Gentile Jr. to expect that <<soon it will be generally
understood that science ceased to be a justification for the vulgar
materialism>>. Here, in Part I, we present a suitable reduction, edited by us,
of Majorana's article; while in Part II we add a complete transcription of it.
[Since the paper which appeared in "Scientia" contains some errors in the
interpretation of Majorana's handwriting, the present versions have been very
slightly "corrected" by us]. For the translations into English of Majorana's
paper, see Refs.[5,6] below. A more extended Summary (in English, besides in
Italian) can be found at the beginning of the present e-print. The interested
reader can found all the known biographical documents --apart from the ones
discovered during the last two years-- in the book by E.Recami, "Il Caso
Majorana: Epistolario, Testimonianze, Documenti" (Mondadori, Milan, 1987 and
1991; Di Renzo Editore, Rome, 2000 and 2002); and in the e-prints
arXiv:physics/9810023v4 [physics.hist-ph]; arXiv:0708.2855v1 [physics.hist-ph];
and arXiv:0709.1183 [physics.hist-ph].
| physics.hist-ph physics.soc-ph | the mentioned article was written by ettore majorana in a partially educational way for a journal of sociology but he gave up publishing it and threw it away it appeared posthumous thanks to giovanni gentile jr the inventor of parastatistics in scientia 36 1942 5866 it has not been republished in italian till the beginning of 2006 when we made known some abridgements of it by italian newspapers and by the journal fisica in medicina we dont know when was it written perhaps in 1930 however its central theme was still alive in majoranas mind in 1934 in fact on july 27 1934 he will write to ggentile jr to expect that soon it will be generally understood that science ceased to be a justification for the vulgar materialism here in part i we present a suitable reduction edited by us of majoranas article while in part ii we add a complete transcription of it since the paper which appeared in scientia contains some errors in the interpretation of majoranas handwriting the present versions have been very slightly corrected by us for the translations into english of majoranas paper see refs56 below a more extended summary in english besides in italian can be found at the beginning of the present eprint the interested reader can found all the known biographical documents apart from the ones discovered during the last two years in the book by erecami il caso majorana epistolario testimonianze documenti mondadori milan 1987 and 1991 di renzo editore rome 2000 and 2002 and in the eprints arxivphysics9810023v4 physicshistph arxiv07082855v1 physicshistph and arxiv07091183 physicshistph | [['the', 'mentioned', 'article', 'was', 'written', 'by', 'ettore', 'majorana', 'in', 'a', 'partially', 'educational', 'way', 'for', 'a', 'journal', 'of', 'sociology', 'but', 'he', 'gave', 'up', 'publishing', 'it', 'and', 'threw', 'it', 'away', 'it', 'appeared', 'posthumous', 'thanks', 'to', 'giovanni', 'gentile', 'jr', 'the', 'inventor', 'of', 'parastatistics', 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709.3538 | Extraction of the Axial Nucleon Form Factor from Neutrino Experiments on
Deuterium | We present new parameterizations of vector and axial nucleon form factors. We
maintain an excellent descriptions of the form factors at low momentum
transfers ($Q^2$), where the spatial structure of the nucleon is important, and
use the Nachtman scaling variable $\xi$ to relate elastic and inelastic form
factors and impose quark-hadron duality constraints at high $Q^2$ where the
quark structure dominates. We use the new vector form factors to re-extract
updated values of the axial form factor from $\numu$ experiments on deuterium.
We obtain an updated world average value from $\numu$d, $\numubar$H and pion
electroproduction experiments of $M_{A}$ = $1.014 \pm 0.014 GeV/c^2$. Our
parameterizations are useful in modeling $\nu$ interactions at low energies
(e.g. for $\numu$ oscillations experiments). The predictions for high $Q^2$ can
be tested in the next generation electron and $\numu$ scattering experiments.
| hep-ex | we present new parameterizations of vector and axial nucleon form factors we maintain an excellent descriptions of the form factors at low momentum transfers q2 where the spatial structure of the nucleon is important and use the nachtman scaling variable xi to relate elastic and inelastic form factors and impose quarkhadron duality constraints at high q2 where the quark structure dominates we use the new vector form factors to reextract updated values of the axial form factor from numu experiments on deuterium we obtain an updated world average value from numud numubarh and pion electroproduction experiments of m_a 1014 pm 0014 gevc2 our parameterizations are useful in modeling nu interactions at low energies eg for numu oscillations experiments the predictions for high q2 can be tested in the next generation electron and numu scattering experiments | [['we', 'present', 'new', 'parameterizations', 'of', 'vector', 'and', 'axial', 'nucleon', 'form', 'factors', 'we', 'maintain', 'an', 'excellent', 'descriptions', 'of', 'the', 'form', 'factors', 'at', 'low', 'momentum', 'transfers', 'q2', 'where', 'the', 'spatial', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'nucleon', 'is', 'important', 'and', 'use', 'the', 'nachtman', 'scaling', 'variable', 'xi', 'to', 'relate', 'elastic', 'and', 'inelastic', 'form', 'factors', 'and', 'impose', 'quarkhadron', 'duality', 'constraints', 'at', 'high', 'q2', 'where', 'the', 'quark', 'structure', 'dominates', 'we', 'use', 'the', 'new', 'vector', 'form', 'factors', 'to', 'reextract', 'updated', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'axial', 'form', 'factor', 'from', 'numu', 'experiments', 'on', 'deuterium', 'we', 'obtain', 'an', 'updated', 'world', 'average', 'value', 'from', 'numud', 'numubarh', 'and', 'pion', 'electroproduction', 'experiments', 'of', 'm_a', '1014', 'pm', '0014', 'gevc2', 'our', 'parameterizations', 'are', 'useful', 'in', 'modeling', 'nu', 'interactions', 'at', 'low', 'energies', 'eg', 'for', 'numu', 'oscillations', 'experiments', 'the', 'predictions', 'for', 'high', 'q2', 'can', 'be', 'tested', 'in', 'the', 'next', 'generation', 'electron', 'and', 'numu', 'scattering', 'experiments']] | [-0.08772120271158174, 0.22198066404776445, -0.053068558579132216, 0.12029561892421425, -0.06888122980910025, -0.07613067960898791, 0.07760246412275373, 0.3543692621213377, -0.18569605523384267, -0.2667344782039299, -0.011505756100037493, -0.31758100099693565, -0.034170841546098986, 0.15916361074712604, 0.09197869965512502, 0.0704824945805603, 0.06107179052196443, 0.028914471538527345, -0.09185420656646777, -0.15504160212857046, 0.31179897819078506, 0.07821024371367089, 0.2797182918967385, 0.14151535843520013, 0.1180964076451264, 0.019327620828622265, -0.009308608815150993, -0.08080842979672484, -0.18162926669064927, 0.08389794202591468, 0.2583925984068984, 0.06513266389597823, 0.10947955625579882, -0.40510990516338635, -0.11032493301681277, 0.07556241270000662, 0.12576565847509363, 0.04992797317445502, -0.019956464393421504, -0.25187174568330883, 0.06308496000133175, -0.18955223920012831, -0.12954260495008157, -0.16688634073221706, 0.0025500428969656725, -0.00017774056230104507, -0.3818680258455539, 0.1330360827610401, -0.06078911394526818, 0.03249741662853867, -0.09960065167957455, -0.24966071639560106, 0.0347880467709462, 0.0914161992084263, 0.09978158958081185, 0.10995693558729008, 0.144422092040409, -0.21665117762198574, -0.07469167787130025, 0.3995826309616852, -0.07106803973814599, -0.19075389288337832, 0.0855505381311689, -0.2104196525283886, -0.14813524063438513, 0.13605232072356893, 0.2594364407083678, 0.05571675545945624, -0.12239092260098464, 0.07776522472337995, -0.045867863042049, 0.19817320397473814, 0.12899751673081428, 0.022721834457129296, 0.1829186223335284, 0.18902325648569354, -0.037617572625272704, 0.014620393198648734, -0.13882917924994195, -0.03215812793075058, -0.3438228196980908, -0.09572054698531117, -0.06993630710338011, 0.08893107886853299, -0.1324770540426594, -0.03613182463984292, 0.30683095638178065, 0.09950106842373323, 0.2867915727114095, -2.580876217076653e-05, 0.30621283093845486, 0.12124000526036843, 0.10086686895193911, 0.0812898093582432, 0.2551541404686588, 0.17130315934020773, 0.10816255034493717, -0.21495792463323787, 0.0330714414323351, 0.014158579913016996] |
709.3539 | Jets and Tori in Proto-Planetary Nebulae: Observations vs. Theory | We report on a study of the time sequence for the appearance of high-velocity
jets and equatorial tori in the transition of stars from the asymptotic giant
branch to the planetary nebulae phase. Jets and tori are prominent features of
this evolution, but their origins are uncertain. Using the kinematics of
molecular tori and molecular or optical jets, we determine the ejection
histories for a sample of well-observed cases. We find that jets and tori
develop nearly simultaneously. We also find evidence that jets appear slightly
later than tori, with a typical jet-lag of a few hundred years. The
reconstructed time-lines of this sequence provide good evidence that jets and
tori are physically related, and they set new constraints on jet formation
scenarios. Some scenarios are ruled out or rendered implausible, and others are
challenged at a quantitative level.
| astro-ph | we report on a study of the time sequence for the appearance of highvelocity jets and equatorial tori in the transition of stars from the asymptotic giant branch to the planetary nebulae phase jets and tori are prominent features of this evolution but their origins are uncertain using the kinematics of molecular tori and molecular or optical jets we determine the ejection histories for a sample of wellobserved cases we find that jets and tori develop nearly simultaneously we also find evidence that jets appear slightly later than tori with a typical jetlag of a few hundred years the reconstructed timelines of this sequence provide good evidence that jets and tori are physically related and they set new constraints on jet formation scenarios some scenarios are ruled out or rendered implausible and others are challenged at a quantitative level | [['we', 'report', 'on', 'a', 'study', 'of', 'the', 'time', 'sequence', 'for', 'the', 'appearance', 'of', 'highvelocity', 'jets', 'and', 'equatorial', 'tori', 'in', 'the', 'transition', 'of', 'stars', 'from', 'the', 'asymptotic', 'giant', 'branch', 'to', 'the', 'planetary', 'nebulae', 'phase', 'jets', 'and', 'tori', 'are', 'prominent', 'features', 'of', 'this', 'evolution', 'but', 'their', 'origins', 'are', 'uncertain', 'using', 'the', 'kinematics', 'of', 'molecular', 'tori', 'and', 'molecular', 'or', 'optical', 'jets', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'ejection', 'histories', 'for', 'a', 'sample', 'of', 'wellobserved', 'cases', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'jets', 'and', 'tori', 'develop', 'nearly', 'simultaneously', 'we', 'also', 'find', 'evidence', 'that', 'jets', 'appear', 'slightly', 'later', 'than', 'tori', 'with', 'a', 'typical', 'jetlag', 'of', 'a', 'few', 'hundred', 'years', 'the', 'reconstructed', 'timelines', 'of', 'this', 'sequence', 'provide', 'good', 'evidence', 'that', 'jets', 'and', 'tori', 'are', 'physically', 'related', 'and', 'they', 'set', 'new', 'constraints', 'on', 'jet', 'formation', 'scenarios', 'some', 'scenarios', 'are', 'ruled', 'out', 'or', 'rendered', 'implausible', 'and', 'others', 'are', 'challenged', 'at', 'a', 'quantitative', 'level']] | [-0.13633577880556796, 0.10486629038459534, -0.09383806193283045, 0.15159572656065387, -0.05783049202115416, -0.08658753356581433, 0.041675479474591375, 0.42439488857555735, -0.18017047840436895, -0.32966116196710427, 0.11365676193796233, -0.26750421952858244, -0.07706947326526153, 0.21665169851412233, -0.031855950654625036, -0.01584245270392824, 0.11485921090013153, -0.06377699310039572, -0.056351764518734096, -0.21914166325984671, 0.36519422249453104, 0.028893329049025078, 0.13518149847928568, -0.013755836269463138, 0.08247655833126616, -0.1213591555133462, -0.0664952150948024, -0.010127319656924379, -0.14706634362507737, 0.08095026908696984, 0.1808762671409188, 0.11289254574889482, 0.2020697260073222, -0.41497443343667445, -0.20752673593296153, 0.0745469400803257, 0.19937550217095804, 0.06287744567099718, -0.06844084145896566, -0.24746924151646363, 0.0727386325430259, -0.15958064016149037, -0.1425472510837876, -0.049460923115776434, 0.030898871302283068, 0.025717933849840283, -0.20417178800771776, 0.10940802132056711, 0.05593564400194789, 0.10625654893840174, -0.0587166780019648, -0.09022507221243686, -0.059543370672923736, 0.10167364563404334, 0.07626643394984359, 0.008084877048453263, 0.17070878435113876, -0.15011407280836603, -0.11019679632962501, 0.4073517261166796, 0.005172715141591214, -0.09323928962133342, 0.2910433609604755, -0.22551499106820752, -0.18337019857876807, 0.1814864491409431, 0.17546360819138213, 0.1661963888222901, -0.12267385017488608, -0.04987917214308751, -0.07232454949956414, 0.12344312901012332, 0.050534080355528664, 0.06450107989149342, 0.31735554051613973, 0.10996957447567432, -0.005246240991542933, 0.10818338351116495, -0.15368974434962268, -0.09206041085647701, -0.29934329893389755, -0.10059316871057955, -0.06207684915271594, 0.05724007819558112, -0.084688379720005, -0.13571075432458155, 0.3847172844672589, 0.07760303131645552, 0.26199165725638324, 0.019007858416156025, 0.2683503598597892, 0.04122429050887489, 0.04771224054233204, 0.1653285554003828, 0.30393619383220466, 0.11755461639074756, 0.08406957897203539, -0.1537572928895276, 0.05758236984432534, 0.02737425758315773] |
709.354 | Polyelectrolyte Condensation Induced by Linear Cations | We examine the role of the condensing agent in the formation of
polyelectrolyte bundles, via grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Following
recent experiments we use linear, rigid divalent cations of various lengths to
induce condensation. Our results clarify and explain the experimental results
for short cations. For longer cations we observe novel condensation behavior
owing to alignment of the cations. We also study the role of the
polyelectrolyte surface charge density, and find a nonmonotonic variation in
bundle stability. This nonmonotonicity captures two trends that have been
observed in separate experiments.
| cond-mat.soft | we examine the role of the condensing agent in the formation of polyelectrolyte bundles via grandcanonical monte carlo simulations following recent experiments we use linear rigid divalent cations of various lengths to induce condensation our results clarify and explain the experimental results for short cations for longer cations we observe novel condensation behavior owing to alignment of the cations we also study the role of the polyelectrolyte surface charge density and find a nonmonotonic variation in bundle stability this nonmonotonicity captures two trends that have been observed in separate experiments | [['we', 'examine', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'the', 'condensing', 'agent', 'in', 'the', 'formation', 'of', 'polyelectrolyte', 'bundles', 'via', 'grandcanonical', 'monte', 'carlo', 'simulations', 'following', 'recent', 'experiments', 'we', 'use', 'linear', 'rigid', 'divalent', 'cations', 'of', 'various', 'lengths', 'to', 'induce', 'condensation', 'our', 'results', 'clarify', 'and', 'explain', 'the', 'experimental', 'results', 'for', 'short', 'cations', 'for', 'longer', 'cations', 'we', 'observe', 'novel', 'condensation', 'behavior', 'owing', 'to', 'alignment', 'of', 'the', 'cations', 'we', 'also', 'study', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'the', 'polyelectrolyte', 'surface', 'charge', 'density', 'and', 'find', 'a', 'nonmonotonic', 'variation', 'in', 'bundle', 'stability', 'this', 'nonmonotonicity', 'captures', 'two', 'trends', 'that', 'have', 'been', 'observed', 'in', 'separate', 'experiments']] | [-0.12502053441583283, 0.14647680570358515, -0.0579628113967677, 0.08848740331595764, 0.005323470487362808, -0.09542116857547726, 0.017111347473433448, 0.4461147382027573, -0.23210267887140315, -0.2635602490562532, -0.02034342079811419, -0.30738963538056446, -0.1761703399527404, 0.0875235001453095, -0.005206793308671978, -0.03228177258537875, 0.045259150598819055, -0.05613498746727904, -0.09495613402945714, -0.21463974599545407, 0.271518350020051, 0.06868187894320323, 0.30140326859222516, 0.17614759983908798, 0.04893504800533669, -0.007178672563491596, 0.018083764654066827, 0.0350328226470285, -0.2375882675383764, 0.10314559179047743, 0.24604435162618757, 0.007750928012602445, 0.23873759100938008, -0.5084558337512943, -0.22512205112725497, 0.10495707610518568, 0.13491641130143156, 0.1505416911871483, -0.1328783587449127, -0.22129302750238114, 0.05660636399148239, -0.15314863806900877, -0.12097943481057882, -0.10353734854401814, 0.021689324453473092, 0.0946397287512405, -0.22826061870954517, 0.08770456216524407, 0.07725524209025833, 0.10812197064345432, -0.12512986683286725, -0.11942665011415052, -0.039309045696993256, 0.09033654125847129, 0.13056519873207434, -0.017454449377126164, 0.20724185968024864, -0.09031055356350003, -0.11861962106906705, 0.33358062892738316, -0.08666698495960898, -0.14959447114831873, 0.21326279278016752, -0.14765922681738933, -0.15084914570001678, 0.16384289031848312, 0.1379269844813583, 0.15205110814422368, -0.09575113707946406, 0.017579200195096848, -0.0746124030983386, 0.1914471581992176, 0.05964094746547441, 0.03173949737101793, 0.22909122947086064, 0.21365198597518933, -0.0017939546326589254, 0.1757963756047603, -0.09556372041503589, -0.18831966664745575, -0.22107533843566973, -0.23153088049342235, -0.12454055292505978, -0.004290814772927357, -0.060358180172624995, -0.13797782221032928, 0.3372802097453839, 0.19542898888078827, 0.2342122703169783, 0.030710987795868682, 0.20866035877520012, 0.013333714224346396, 0.06703383518227686, -0.03464502405582203, 0.2395337676965735, 0.11587831236215101, 0.09252431001514197, -0.3459710985629095, 0.1062226288835518, 0.06859474047863236] |
709.3541 | Towards the Secrecy Capacity of the Gaussian MIMO Wire-tap Channel: The
2-2-1 Channel | We find the secrecy capacity of the 2-2-1 Gaussian MIMO wire-tap channel,
which consists of a transmitter and a receiver with two antennas each, and an
eavesdropper with a single antenna. We determine the secrecy capacity of this
channel by proposing an achievable scheme and then developing a tight upper
bound that meets the proposed achievable secrecy rate. We show that, for this
channel, Gaussian signalling in the form of beam-forming is optimal, and no
pre-processing of information is necessary.
| cs.IT math.IT | we find the secrecy capacity of the 221 gaussian mimo wiretap channel which consists of a transmitter and a receiver with two antennas each and an eavesdropper with a single antenna we determine the secrecy capacity of this channel by proposing an achievable scheme and then developing a tight upper bound that meets the proposed achievable secrecy rate we show that for this channel gaussian signalling in the form of beamforming is optimal and no preprocessing of information is necessary | [['we', 'find', 'the', 'secrecy', 'capacity', 'of', 'the', '221', 'gaussian', 'mimo', 'wiretap', 'channel', 'which', 'consists', 'of', 'a', 'transmitter', 'and', 'a', 'receiver', 'with', 'two', 'antennas', 'each', 'and', 'an', 'eavesdropper', 'with', 'a', 'single', 'antenna', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'secrecy', 'capacity', 'of', 'this', 'channel', 'by', 'proposing', 'an', 'achievable', 'scheme', 'and', 'then', 'developing', 'a', 'tight', 'upper', 'bound', 'that', 'meets', 'the', 'proposed', 'achievable', 'secrecy', 'rate', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'for', 'this', 'channel', 'gaussian', 'signalling', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'beamforming', 'is', 'optimal', 'and', 'no', 'preprocessing', 'of', 'information', 'is', 'necessary']] | [-0.30631031477823856, 0.03451724246588128, -0.026226819487055762, -0.01801111487438902, -0.037399096338776874, -0.32178421353455633, 0.17259379527240526, 0.3630577857256867, -0.22621183338342235, -0.21181766219669954, 0.09516949200624367, -0.2300198513781652, -0.1715987358649727, 0.11425482576014474, -0.10638268762268126, 0.07271174337365664, -0.009746225739945658, 0.10812060693278909, -0.03192147698136978, -0.2894524820629158, 0.3266807589388918, 0.1651685164688388, 0.33981562140397725, 0.04898954046075232, 0.12573527700733395, 0.0073287412582430985, 0.026517568121198563, -0.10785227767191827, -0.19093252979891986, 0.08801402403914835, 0.3154376406688243, 0.2458530384930782, 0.23627506943885238, -0.34122464661486446, -0.24665728234685957, 0.07706153604667634, 0.16651798775565113, 0.0896501249357243, -0.10332326688221656, -0.25216374232550154, 0.11057902769534848, -0.2156448849244043, 0.02308499985956587, 0.08197031528688967, -0.12854477379005402, 0.024506819661473854, -0.44705878709210084, 0.002314514952013269, 0.05985723617486656, 0.03192024731215497, -0.05590785390231758, -0.1395723757566884, 0.05811508232727647, 0.1654809679603204, -0.020943676274328027, 0.0010719574624090456, 0.053397832287009804, -0.11345960520557127, -0.09048637340893037, 0.28435762186709324, -0.03775243672716897, -0.27725874810348616, 0.07804660751353368, -0.13737922221189364, -0.05630044429562986, 0.21156543438555672, 0.21867808885872364, 0.038214767700992525, -0.22807894521392882, 0.012209602625807748, -0.08028907185653225, 0.23543850516434758, 0.09761019453871995, 0.1669866373456898, 0.12769630944821983, 0.1875947986030951, 0.17351141134276987, 0.2312356282491237, -0.17469039282295853, -0.103612461949524, -0.28074892540462315, -0.18726573400272173, -0.2592074617510661, 0.019211077009094878, -0.1325399105953693, -0.032223612780217084, 0.30058146339883934, 0.1167217812675517, 0.10628780705737881, 0.14997275753557915, 0.4325264271348715, 0.11702784106746549, 0.014915302733425052, 0.22701295695733278, 0.24918001098558307, 0.15774219419399743, 0.018817230325657873, -0.20220254737505455, 0.059873585420427845, -0.05987866530194878] |
709.3542 | Galois actions on torsion points of universal one-dimensional formal
modules | Let $F$ be a local non-Archimedean field with ring of integers $o$. Let $\bf
X$ be a one-dimensional formal $o$-module of $F$-height $n$ over the algebraic
closure of the residue field of $o$. By the work of Drinfeld, the universal
deformation $X$ of $\bf X$ is a formal group over a power series ring $R_0$ in
$n-1$ variables over the completion of the maximal unramified extension of $o$.
For $h \in \{0,...,n-1\}$ let $U_h$ be the subscheme of $\Spec(R_0)$ where the
connected part of the associated divisible module of $X$ has height $h$. Using
the theory of Drinfeld level structures we show that the representation of the
fundamental group of $U_h$ on the Tate module of the etale quotient is
surjective.
| math.AG math.NT | let f be a local nonarchimedean field with ring of integers o let bf x be a onedimensional formal omodule of fheight n over the algebraic closure of the residue field of o by the work of drinfeld the universal deformation x of bf x is a formal group over a power series ring r_0 in n1 variables over the completion of the maximal unramified extension of o for h in 0n1 let u_h be the subscheme of specr_0 where the connected part of the associated divisible module of x has height h using the theory of drinfeld level structures we show that the representation of the fundamental group of u_h on the tate module of the etale quotient is surjective | [['let', 'f', 'be', 'a', 'local', 'nonarchimedean', 'field', 'with', 'ring', 'of', 'integers', 'o', 'let', 'bf', 'x', 'be', 'a', 'onedimensional', 'formal', 'omodule', 'of', 'fheight', 'n', 'over', 'the', 'algebraic', 'closure', 'of', 'the', 'residue', 'field', 'of', 'o', 'by', 'the', 'work', 'of', 'drinfeld', 'the', 'universal', 'deformation', 'x', 'of', 'bf', 'x', 'is', 'a', 'formal', 'group', 'over', 'a', 'power', 'series', 'ring', 'r_0', 'in', 'n1', 'variables', 'over', 'the', 'completion', 'of', 'the', 'maximal', 'unramified', 'extension', 'of', 'o', 'for', 'h', 'in', '0n1', 'let', 'u_h', 'be', 'the', 'subscheme', 'of', 'specr_0', 'where', 'the', 'connected', 'part', 'of', 'the', 'associated', 'divisible', 'module', 'of', 'x', 'has', 'height', 'h', 'using', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'drinfeld', 'level', 'structures', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'representation', 'of', 'the', 'fundamental', 'group', 'of', 'u_h', 'on', 'the', 'tate', 'module', 'of', 'the', 'etale', 'quotient', 'is', 'surjective']] | [-0.23830165030403422, 0.04011252667254009, -0.10623165022800951, -0.055380481074196325, -0.039094810221469455, -0.12324715271873884, -0.01330564813316651, 0.29984375931510404, -0.3853650097109127, -0.16458549566504335, 0.041174808378182666, -0.21002214725966714, -0.062144328114193154, 0.18876799242962308, -0.1253394891777929, -0.09219378840272166, -0.041552688722976114, 0.17364837660477692, -0.07869753418998997, -0.30435654916996213, 0.37095089351069654, -0.01504656786740828, 0.1738504531261112, -0.014069067533401883, 0.09897152698371842, 0.027352874427608278, 0.002394354996122733, -0.009657399901071517, -0.1234892769387122, 0.1337697969459999, 0.3427344307268211, 0.07768957745362104, 0.24430317331903748, -0.3697151149458745, -0.13525766562161765, 0.20956724994041087, 0.14816723250541367, -0.10468297873568885, 0.04586545172824422, -0.26419053830699446, 0.1531782309923853, -0.19712593326611177, -0.13628484755206635, -0.01766395635370697, 0.1638761481070625, 0.04565972542124135, -0.3020657163872501, -0.021626009367124624, 0.06704427342971458, 0.19450841700861685, -0.05025082508477719, -0.10516263187193789, -0.10201051647915747, 0.02031531374306739, -0.042040524565998244, 0.12908674626216926, 0.1259754710212475, -0.10633491288416651, -0.07675143486248846, 0.36194020191583187, -0.11146815046041954, -0.13726917459206858, 0.05172005635803612, -0.21837237466737128, -0.1065472615021868, 0.167390572928487, 0.06737956822411541, 0.17401531282342783, 0.03477155906343911, 0.3395837995873279, -0.1730194504317992, 0.10396149398601505, 0.04692636874793958, -0.02972445324329393, 0.15523189742376386, 0.079137896758919, 0.05991915350500103, 0.07153608562070642, -0.023847709005373773, 0.016148602858013592, -0.4258511693709913, -0.216728557601665, -0.13277805889291422, 0.19952531375710955, -0.1155435456463895, -0.1600568268502898, 0.4283086236941965, 0.05419544318393499, 0.18571669632860482, 0.09762521218821532, 0.1688567401622148, 0.09378037693276375, 0.057787777871644797, 0.05350980811807163, 0.04089136627119254, 0.27430590375389186, -0.07547331324821542, -0.17809009948009705, -0.02341037744288372, 0.19306518637943043] |
709.3543 | Passing to an effective 4D phantom cosmology from 5D vacuum theory of
gravity | Starting from a five-dimensional (5D) vacuum theory of gravity where the
extra coordinate is considered as noncompact, we investigate the possibility of
inducing four-dimensional (4D) phantom scenarios by applying form-invariance
symmetry transformations. In particular we obtain phantom scenarios for two
cosmological frameworks. In the first framework we deal with an induced 4D
de-Sitter expansion and in the second one a 4D induced model where the
expansion of the universe is dominated by a decreasing cosmological parameter
$\Lambda(t)$ is discussed.
| gr-qc | starting from a fivedimensional 5d vacuum theory of gravity where the extra coordinate is considered as noncompact we investigate the possibility of inducing fourdimensional 4d phantom scenarios by applying forminvariance symmetry transformations in particular we obtain phantom scenarios for two cosmological frameworks in the first framework we deal with an induced 4d desitter expansion and in the second one a 4d induced model where the expansion of the universe is dominated by a decreasing cosmological parameter lambdat is discussed | [['starting', 'from', 'a', 'fivedimensional', '5d', 'vacuum', 'theory', 'of', 'gravity', 'where', 'the', 'extra', 'coordinate', 'is', 'considered', 'as', 'noncompact', 'we', 'investigate', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'inducing', 'fourdimensional', '4d', 'phantom', 'scenarios', 'by', 'applying', 'forminvariance', 'symmetry', 'transformations', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'obtain', 'phantom', 'scenarios', 'for', 'two', 'cosmological', 'frameworks', 'in', 'the', 'first', 'framework', 'we', 'deal', 'with', 'an', 'induced', '4d', 'desitter', 'expansion', 'and', 'in', 'the', 'second', 'one', 'a', '4d', 'induced', 'model', 'where', 'the', 'expansion', 'of', 'the', 'universe', 'is', 'dominated', 'by', 'a', 'decreasing', 'cosmological', 'parameter', 'lambdat', 'is', 'discussed']] | [-0.1270429250147618, 0.1673278036496758, -0.0495339114413467, 0.06918652844762642, -0.06829279413519727, -0.15664521170355664, -0.08264273302069618, 0.30022458129715696, -0.20283452209226693, -0.25095454088258967, 0.058684187842521204, -0.25876791328427534, -0.14771147029285756, 0.10554775541436069, -0.025775576717680014, -0.018316695090866635, -0.06319327075977492, 0.043591126422338845, -0.10983668520009215, -0.2239835363565178, 0.3954787832873437, 0.04721278314932936, 0.25398910470613384, -0.0157967346714503, 0.11012093930304805, -0.04272357465217997, 0.0005709210681858697, 0.06868589648246011, -0.19211623201123143, 0.05579674166120306, 0.1966952095338721, 0.12168107083350231, 0.2000610874965787, -0.434227794102287, -0.2713597070166393, 0.11266240041962342, 0.15272277732132167, 0.1803641618123349, -0.09239611095642741, -0.31046224758028984, 0.028352104923157376, -0.20544984719798534, -0.15572818233101052, -0.05705993598963641, -0.03841328571397293, -0.14361823841787968, -0.2854631486572797, 0.10518977624847542, 0.0002675557957042622, 0.0013614513710895671, -0.14285244983090442, -0.007540014448658198, -0.03246116151302299, 0.04356448104180678, 0.14701471758027904, 0.044070005864848064, 0.07127404285600715, -0.1685998686884023, -0.11600555056894693, 0.4398753841560853, -0.12094572860794732, -0.2039276419938365, 0.08814159246703869, -0.1389541532844305, -0.13741515530273318, 0.04789063577021507, 0.09831870143313574, 0.193202832843401, -0.11843286783587706, 0.25403330210947045, 0.060181406149758566, 0.10404015181267846, 0.10342924175430325, -0.03285671271313029, 0.23693935817131137, 0.15304349050739238, 0.012732965883480597, 0.17156071949137164, -0.015653199156675533, -0.14382818200967357, -0.40683179707089556, -0.16664441720924422, -0.15519526664497732, 0.08048842294448161, -0.19208804885779443, -0.16280834149286338, 0.34880137309149095, 0.08747733918555034, 0.20147504618603596, -0.018100328489996587, 0.24498734178752463, 0.07523371921586981, 0.015123711875345133, -0.0034308270020764085, 0.2683109046472826, 0.07839223565062202, 0.07992820022922434, -0.22788778563137638, -0.08154472505933122, 0.11177606718862264] |
709.3544 | An analytical solution of Monge differential equation | We present the exact solution to the non linear Monge differential equation
lambda(x, t)lambdax(x, t) = lambdat(x, t). It is widely accepted that the Monge
equation is equivalent to the ODE d2X/dt2= 0 of free motion for particular
conditions. Furthermore, the Monge Type equations are connected with X =
F(dX/dt, X; t), which can be integrated with quadratures [1]. Other asymptotic
solutions are discussed, see e.g. [2]. The solution was reached with
calculations that depend upon dimensional representation, which is given by (x,
t) coordinates. We present this analytical solution to the Monge differential
equation as an implicit solution.
| math-ph math.MP | we present the exact solution to the non linear monge differential equation lambdax tlambdaxx t lambdatx t it is widely accepted that the monge equation is equivalent to the ode d2xdt2 0 of free motion for particular conditions furthermore the monge type equations are connected with x fdxdt x t which can be integrated with quadratures 1 other asymptotic solutions are discussed see eg 2 the solution was reached with calculations that depend upon dimensional representation which is given by x t coordinates we present this analytical solution to the monge differential equation as an implicit solution | [['we', 'present', 'the', 'exact', 'solution', 'to', 'the', 'non', 'linear', 'monge', 'differential', 'equation', 'lambdax', 'tlambdaxx', 't', 'lambdatx', 't', 'it', 'is', 'widely', 'accepted', 'that', 'the', 'monge', 'equation', 'is', 'equivalent', 'to', 'the', 'ode', 'd2xdt2', '0', 'of', 'free', 'motion', 'for', 'particular', 'conditions', 'furthermore', 'the', 'monge', 'type', 'equations', 'are', 'connected', 'with', 'x', 'fdxdt', 'x', 't', 'which', 'can', 'be', 'integrated', 'with', 'quadratures', '1', 'other', 'asymptotic', 'solutions', 'are', 'discussed', 'see', 'eg', '2', 'the', 'solution', 'was', 'reached', 'with', 'calculations', 'that', 'depend', 'upon', 'dimensional', 'representation', 'which', 'is', 'given', 'by', 'x', 't', 'coordinates', 'we', 'present', 'this', 'analytical', 'solution', 'to', 'the', 'monge', 'differential', 'equation', 'as', 'an', 'implicit', 'solution']] | [-0.14152716900352189, 0.040168519926874556, -0.06843283981265079, 0.02412259308571216, -0.10253698607876656, -0.18817657426560438, -0.02632915639689052, 0.34813816402788444, -0.326552020866544, -0.2521031716267668, 0.14022894785489126, -0.31538337069533523, -0.11299680455798103, 0.13987539073462368, -0.03160618997669669, 0.08367235176841058, 0.04480652471814024, 0.08126589768035437, -0.12326876409051399, -0.2778954722828442, 0.32688867526068804, -0.019265297021070917, 0.21196799631160435, -0.028633539840298636, 0.18876621192721751, -0.037877540544716905, 0.019877060296474604, 0.04606138170266184, -0.19600775671239706, 0.0500026375821401, 0.28484005759400066, 0.08313186959393563, 0.19158311224272173, -0.38284517808627055, -0.18100196457598158, 0.07856245151650841, 0.15030698475514925, 0.06493366256065827, -0.0287238870276719, -0.2504020656398948, 0.11435541974741124, -0.10007727630836989, -0.19927832868791395, -0.08587758518475037, 0.0707488818124177, 0.07374921527200488, -0.28844198468391613, 0.09411968915693221, 0.07194276787941495, -0.02630028452904787, -0.09459279926233394, -0.11719499687133457, -0.0405038383448877, 0.04176764748990536, 0.037009014257340024, 0.07620967295075896, 0.03976503401614165, -0.06319223908979449, -0.06290972164471544, 0.34599625223606667, -0.10299142152171141, -0.30304263183666813, 0.14024345567750354, -0.1385183211325878, -0.08867752814905779, 0.14699513509228665, 0.0883991663864944, 0.20249059919007523, -0.18940801716219352, 0.18458017589203934, -0.07392311101198516, 0.1652858072831746, 0.08153780656416089, -0.04760923856989511, 0.08212771682289019, 0.14304819526601462, 0.09707097964166032, 0.07796438606092906, 0.007034389943044673, -0.11512036714702845, -0.3711312091759136, -0.17587075708308808, -0.11570509555699524, 0.1565381684365572, -0.08499250325164007, -0.17078166018911106, 0.29232910457718114, 0.13414925581372533, 0.1516776741332104, 0.0235480231768702, 0.20800746171184445, 0.2617219497827733, -0.019328510028219992, 0.10588473045036838, 0.16552099743757837, 0.1516213728670752, 0.12242317320002864, -0.19788561315245687, 0.04436876633084349, 0.1507801417566796] |
709.3545 | Locally Adaptive Nonparametric Binary Regression | A nonparametric and locally adaptive Bayesian estimator is proposed for
estimating a binary regression. Flexibility is obtained by modeling the binary
regression as a mixture of probit regressions with the argument of each probit
regression having a thin plate spline prior with its own smoothing parameter
and with the mixture weights depending on the covariates. The estimator is
compared to a single spline estimator and to a recently proposed locally
adaptive estimator. The methodology is illustrated by applying it to both
simulated and real examples.
| stat.ME | a nonparametric and locally adaptive bayesian estimator is proposed for estimating a binary regression flexibility is obtained by modeling the binary regression as a mixture of probit regressions with the argument of each probit regression having a thin plate spline prior with its own smoothing parameter and with the mixture weights depending on the covariates the estimator is compared to a single spline estimator and to a recently proposed locally adaptive estimator the methodology is illustrated by applying it to both simulated and real examples | [['a', 'nonparametric', 'and', 'locally', 'adaptive', 'bayesian', 'estimator', 'is', 'proposed', 'for', 'estimating', 'a', 'binary', 'regression', 'flexibility', 'is', 'obtained', 'by', 'modeling', 'the', 'binary', 'regression', 'as', 'a', 'mixture', 'of', 'probit', 'regressions', 'with', 'the', 'argument', 'of', 'each', 'probit', 'regression', 'having', 'a', 'thin', 'plate', 'spline', 'prior', 'with', 'its', 'own', 'smoothing', 'parameter', 'and', 'with', 'the', 'mixture', 'weights', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'covariates', 'the', 'estimator', 'is', 'compared', 'to', 'a', 'single', 'spline', 'estimator', 'and', 'to', 'a', 'recently', 'proposed', 'locally', 'adaptive', 'estimator', 'the', 'methodology', 'is', 'illustrated', 'by', 'applying', 'it', 'to', 'both', 'simulated', 'and', 'real', 'examples']] | [0.013101211891454809, -0.031795458265525454, -0.14400382264352896, 0.05282801359563189, -0.1376893208197811, -0.25301408663063363, 0.05145347492002389, 0.44753009273725397, -0.2682980709216174, -0.26225409026750746, 0.189355002245044, -0.24044859045568634, -0.1646768446847358, 0.17692430364515851, -0.12098221022854833, 0.15116888074245413, 0.04758630886208266, -0.026920854694703046, -0.07056733849732315, -0.33527058402405063, 0.29181759884471403, 0.11659675325705286, 0.27335829727954286, -0.134004254003658, 0.18967153481447466, 0.07774855841279907, -0.08062457637039616, 0.019755715153673116, -0.09943336085142458, 0.12444342644337346, 0.2577111440984642, 0.10329795330215026, 0.39785597710048454, -0.27263257201925356, -0.2812503869042677, 0.11233744614702813, 0.06407810596968322, 0.03587298851515002, -0.02577865376438507, -0.2913029404822737, 0.0223637021091931, -0.1946778744678287, -0.05456377150600447, -0.10637021501932074, -0.06912793832666733, 0.0555518891881494, -0.43614683819400585, 0.11007836066624697, 0.04780043466564487, 0.06437567956745624, -0.060162260658655535, -0.17504521504263668, -0.0497974351322388, -0.032088388162938984, 0.050236053008805306, 0.007696095295250416, 0.11700004453716033, -0.06718377615051234, -0.10050280381213217, 0.27588742022566937, -0.07023518181899015, -0.3058896879501202, 0.18093504138181316, -0.08699661072562723, -0.07451771539362038, 0.08431366787511198, 0.20075735703987233, 0.07581743090687429, -0.15185224111465848, 0.06195327718194355, -0.05408970522420371, 0.15327677593073424, 0.02193459491519367, -0.13387769439312466, 0.1542174624717411, 0.2588747957063948, 0.04726470171966973, 0.15851166074657264, -0.1878314386039753, -0.053294044103035156, -0.2596100706826238, -0.11291117419160027, -0.2757752043085501, -0.1165315682616304, -0.22495576739790576, -0.2678712817237658, 0.39326600590172933, 0.11359398561146329, 0.20747077333576538, 0.13430203302379917, 0.33962264932034647, 0.10168913669528111, 0.03253048649057746, 0.08646644013112083, 0.14542917651946055, 0.1778518694343374, -0.02663771174420082, -0.1554459374069291, 0.17421601834871314, 0.030883420023190625] |
709.3546 | Spin phonon induced colinear order and magnetization plateaus in
triangular and kagome antiferromagnets. Applications to CuFeO_2 | Coupling between spin and lattice degrees of freedom are important in
geometrically frustrated magnets where they can lead to degeneracy lifting and
novel orders. We show that moderate spin-lattice couplings in triangular and
Kagome antiferromagnets can induce complex colinear magnetic orders. When
classical Heisenberg spins on the triangular lattice are coupled to Einstein
phonons, a rich variety of phases emerge, including the experimentally observed
four sublattice state and the five sublattice 1/5th plateau state seen in the
magneto-electric material CuFeO$_2$. In addition we predict magnetization
plateaus at 1/3, 3/7, 1/2, 3/5 and 5/7 at these couplings. Strong spin-lattice
couplings induce a striped colinear state, seen in $\alpha$-NaFeO$_2$ and
MnBr$_2$. On the Kagome lattice, moderate spin-lattice couplings induce
colinear order, but an extensive degeneracy remains.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci | coupling between spin and lattice degrees of freedom are important in geometrically frustrated magnets where they can lead to degeneracy lifting and novel orders we show that moderate spinlattice couplings in triangular and kagome antiferromagnets can induce complex colinear magnetic orders when classical heisenberg spins on the triangular lattice are coupled to einstein phonons a rich variety of phases emerge including the experimentally observed four sublattice state and the five sublattice 15th plateau state seen in the magnetoelectric material cufeo_2 in addition we predict magnetization plateaus at 13 37 12 35 and 57 at these couplings strong spinlattice couplings induce a striped colinear state seen in alphanafeo_2 and mnbr_2 on the kagome lattice moderate spinlattice couplings induce colinear order but an extensive degeneracy remains | [['coupling', 'between', 'spin', 'and', 'lattice', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'are', 'important', 'in', 'geometrically', 'frustrated', 'magnets', 'where', 'they', 'can', 'lead', 'to', 'degeneracy', 'lifting', 'and', 'novel', 'orders', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'moderate', 'spinlattice', 'couplings', 'in', 'triangular', 'and', 'kagome', 'antiferromagnets', 'can', 'induce', 'complex', 'colinear', 'magnetic', 'orders', 'when', 'classical', 'heisenberg', 'spins', 'on', 'the', 'triangular', 'lattice', 'are', 'coupled', 'to', 'einstein', 'phonons', 'a', 'rich', 'variety', 'of', 'phases', 'emerge', 'including', 'the', 'experimentally', 'observed', 'four', 'sublattice', 'state', 'and', 'the', 'five', 'sublattice', '15th', 'plateau', 'state', 'seen', 'in', 'the', 'magnetoelectric', 'material', 'cufeo_2', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'predict', 'magnetization', 'plateaus', 'at', '13', '37', '12', '35', 'and', '57', 'at', 'these', 'couplings', 'strong', 'spinlattice', 'couplings', 'induce', 'a', 'striped', 'colinear', 'state', 'seen', 'in', 'alphanafeo_2', 'and', 'mnbr_2', 'on', 'the', 'kagome', 'lattice', 'moderate', 'spinlattice', 'couplings', 'induce', 'colinear', 'order', 'but', 'an', 'extensive', 'degeneracy', 'remains']] | [-0.229784261941009, 0.2936712911460581, 0.047551927576604924, 0.05510051876590893, -0.0697003546147989, -0.177837636031699, 0.030660154059391896, 0.4351600547718098, -0.27943913214534644, -0.3030933735770036, 0.05484891829241189, -0.3306794516650624, -0.07602902469759593, 0.1456287626136995, 0.11506830637160016, -0.05860281376870441, -0.03449406128159159, -0.01704456042173914, -0.11774834940022957, -0.2764457058548912, 0.21298322675081224, -0.07063650282206715, 0.2946037152690477, 0.07717796364325846, 0.08962831126342787, -0.013690722407773137, 0.18994536553127844, 0.023769534336112928, -0.1588516254305432, 0.03717553944968176, 0.23875122586051462, -0.15966723648999193, 0.08672921523665551, -0.4473038273100115, -0.12883066933327278, 0.055907402420416474, 0.15732081145139748, 0.19698911623601786, -0.02096933731236724, -0.2739786738987829, -0.025574240398394767, -0.16526231678874523, -0.11005747210631361, -0.19212466252005858, -0.07238372593553218, -0.045324769569560885, -0.25424007492781175, 0.134692846492055, 0.10503971687571496, 0.1652542435493488, -0.042860433957386826, -0.15462856651302886, -0.08286911206029844, 0.030308302258356994, 0.05146422766942958, 0.0769341789399747, 0.07857226452897073, -0.08899250935350896, -0.18304693206121808, 0.3912603143969032, -0.05420299681365398, -0.07819323092088347, 0.1900764402444856, -0.22131352672808074, -0.14704171254788143, 0.16295804935278463, 0.15459485116155178, 0.05847654109400865, -0.09087865853734166, 0.07320431185042729, -0.0035050300514844596, 0.19813707642654171, 0.02362280965736899, 0.10071256575479981, 0.29256075688210303, 0.1209693027137336, 0.055961610281794166, 0.1618284080788249, -0.12270322629082643, -0.1567544141730874, -0.20795108731759743, -0.06741126146492907, -0.1908643922737998, 0.11200235986504341, -0.13931721125153984, -0.116758149899695, 0.3794684707774918, 0.1063576887207121, 0.17450143314409453, -0.0932894274452248, 0.13325548385838656, 0.03531348986596968, 0.09483075006788627, 0.051135352334641226, 0.3067617192559066, 0.1778736293399859, 0.04901750942264668, -0.3063434500315944, 0.011458815632723883, 0.01974908393410752] |
709.3547 | Partial transpose of permutation matrices | The partial transpose of a block matrix M is the matrix obtained by
transposing the blocks of M independently. We approach the notion of partial
transpose from a combinatorial point of view. In this perspective, we solve
some basic enumeration problems concerning the partial transpose of permutation
matrices. More specifically, we count the number of permutations matrices which
are equal to their partial transpose and the number of permutation matrices
whose partial transpose is still a permutation. We solve these problems also
when restricted to symmetric permutation matrices only.
| math.CO quant-ph | the partial transpose of a block matrix m is the matrix obtained by transposing the blocks of m independently we approach the notion of partial transpose from a combinatorial point of view in this perspective we solve some basic enumeration problems concerning the partial transpose of permutation matrices more specifically we count the number of permutations matrices which are equal to their partial transpose and the number of permutation matrices whose partial transpose is still a permutation we solve these problems also when restricted to symmetric permutation matrices only | [['the', 'partial', 'transpose', 'of', 'a', 'block', 'matrix', 'm', 'is', 'the', 'matrix', 'obtained', 'by', 'transposing', 'the', 'blocks', 'of', 'm', 'independently', 'we', 'approach', 'the', 'notion', 'of', 'partial', 'transpose', 'from', 'a', 'combinatorial', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'in', 'this', 'perspective', 'we', 'solve', 'some', 'basic', 'enumeration', 'problems', 'concerning', 'the', 'partial', 'transpose', 'of', 'permutation', 'matrices', 'more', 'specifically', 'we', 'count', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'permutations', 'matrices', 'which', 'are', 'equal', 'to', 'their', 'partial', 'transpose', 'and', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'permutation', 'matrices', 'whose', 'partial', 'transpose', 'is', 'still', 'a', 'permutation', 'we', 'solve', 'these', 'problems', 'also', 'when', 'restricted', 'to', 'symmetric', 'permutation', 'matrices', 'only']] | [-0.14136886595764062, 0.09802167158406437, 0.010692690467734016, 0.028007511584496315, -0.08704333291179762, -0.17622677813901494, 0.08080430058474664, 0.3110287980584616, -0.3697819555743357, -0.2537136692135187, 0.17185712312845242, -0.2938719331548455, -0.20606974384674195, 0.07458288381085469, -0.10258569178077277, 0.1263146683301651, 0.043842552334405066, 0.09289709930674414, -0.21644664506728464, -0.3022138010919764, 0.3804083321180739, -0.022951501421630383, 0.195760580826174, 0.0036858572190355383, 0.12434374721553386, 0.015063517512439678, -0.08789489745800749, 0.01264543647176764, -0.05574870089675938, 0.08911619335216774, 0.2860864159347636, 0.2311523619495081, 0.23493960905778274, -0.41188017885839, -0.07592968428193518, 0.17620083243910517, 0.09489863232076377, 0.1050446067117233, -0.016740742488273713, -0.27657967879112516, 0.16089945232621236, -0.16124973038023108, -0.0909434368569349, -0.014270742899958002, 0.03324836087570097, -0.03182993182556683, -0.31024117217388714, 0.008334014781559766, 0.08001107667583261, 0.030567449823628818, 0.0715468264527598, -0.2166687974423756, 0.03923926808285328, 0.07623452446691618, -0.008341221191156446, -0.06947320527292453, 0.07854050597217813, -0.05104444277723937, -0.11883889049882844, 0.3360492732752575, 0.07538435512400243, -0.29796767707265326, 0.08609061476805907, -0.13939600280915085, -0.181411985485825, 0.13852813450117293, 0.12715633024377854, 0.14114388085252952, -0.10464010753729669, 0.08315380274388792, -0.21835303528945935, 0.12344233623183898, 0.12248419316778525, 0.014327612349742584, 0.10834116343045189, 0.027532167614992248, 0.14616976233115525, 0.16845834561822454, 0.03869887124328466, -0.08630718383938074, -0.2582184235994401, -0.17435844127988714, -0.19047113372996616, 0.10327985635801648, -0.13339481798927377, -0.1823491890276416, 0.4358512777625845, 0.11377230414001041, 0.20474869397134007, 0.10194663347786272, 0.23561607242635127, 0.11290828377175867, 0.018826178373151533, 0.018876363251232698, 0.02993586504200128, 0.3324599992719301, 0.012372128586964995, -0.20411400258635287, 0.0344111345174691, 0.1577320299686843] |
709.3548 | Confidence Level and Sensitivity Limits in High Contrast Imaging | In long adaptive optics corrected exposures, exoplanet detections are
currently limited by speckle noise originating from the telescope and
instrument optics, and it is expected that such noise will also limit future
high-contrast imaging instruments for both ground and space-based telescopes.
Previous theoretical analysis have shown that the time intensity variations of
a single speckle follows a modified Rician. It is first demonstrated here that
for a circular pupil this temporal intensity distribution also represents the
speckle spatial intensity distribution at a fix separation from the point
spread function center; this fact is demonstrated using numerical simulations
for coronagraphic and non-coronagraphic data. The real statistical distribution
of the noise needs to be taken into account explicitly when selecting a
detection threshold appropriate for some desired confidence level. In this
paper, a technique is described to obtain the pixel intensity distribution of
an image and its corresponding confidence level as a function of the detection
threshold. Using numerical simulations, it is shown that in the presence of
speckles noise, a detection threshold up to three times higher is required to
obtain a confidence level equivalent to that at 5sigma for Gaussian noise. The
technique is then tested using TRIDENT CFHT and angular differential imaging
NIRI Gemini adaptive optics data. It is found that the angular differential
imaging technique produces quasi-Gaussian residuals, a remarkable result
compared to classical adaptive optic imaging. A power-law is finally derived to
predict the 1-3*10^-7 confidence level detection threshold when averaging a
partially correlated non-Gaussian noise.
| astro-ph | in long adaptive optics corrected exposures exoplanet detections are currently limited by speckle noise originating from the telescope and instrument optics and it is expected that such noise will also limit future highcontrast imaging instruments for both ground and spacebased telescopes previous theoretical analysis have shown that the time intensity variations of a single speckle follows a modified rician it is first demonstrated here that for a circular pupil this temporal intensity distribution also represents the speckle spatial intensity distribution at a fix separation from the point spread function center this fact is demonstrated using numerical simulations for coronagraphic and noncoronagraphic data the real statistical distribution of the noise needs to be taken into account explicitly when selecting a detection threshold appropriate for some desired confidence level in this paper a technique is described to obtain the pixel intensity distribution of an image and its corresponding confidence level as a function of the detection threshold using numerical simulations it is shown that in the presence of speckles noise a detection threshold up to three times higher is required to obtain a confidence level equivalent to that at 5sigma for gaussian noise the technique is then tested using trident cfht and angular differential imaging niri gemini adaptive optics data it is found that the angular differential imaging technique produces quasigaussian residuals a remarkable result compared to classical adaptive optic imaging a powerlaw is finally derived to predict the 13107 confidence level detection threshold when averaging a partially correlated nongaussian noise | [['in', 'long', 'adaptive', 'optics', 'corrected', 'exposures', 'exoplanet', 'detections', 'are', 'currently', 'limited', 'by', 'speckle', 'noise', 'originating', 'from', 'the', 'telescope', 'and', 'instrument', 'optics', 'and', 'it', 'is', 'expected', 'that', 'such', 'noise', 'will', 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709.3549 | Euclidean Jordan Algebras and Generalized Krein parameters of a strongly
regular graph | Let $\tau$ be a strongly $(n,p;a,c)$ regular graph,such that $0<c<p<n-1,$ $A$
his matrix of adjacency and let ${\cal V}_{n}$ be the Euclidean space spanned
by the powers of $A$ over the reals where the scallar product $\bullet|\bullet$
is defined by $x|y={trace}(x \cdot y).$ In this work ones proves that ${\cal
V}_{n}$ is an Euclidean Jordan algebra of rank 3 when one introduces in ${\cal
V}_{n}$ the usual product of matrices. In this Euclidean Jordan algebra one
defines the modulus of a matrix, and afterwards one defines $|A|^x \forall x\in
\mathbb{R}.$ Working inside the Euclidean Jordan algebra ${\cal V}_{n}$ and
making use of the properties of $|A|^x$ one defines the generalized krein
parameters of the strongly $(n,p;a,c)$ regular graph $\tau$ and finally one
presents necessary conditions over the parameters and the spectra of the $\tau$
strongly $(n,p;a,c)$ regular graph.
| math.CO | let tau be a strongly npac regular graphsuch that 0cpn1 a his matrix of adjacency and let cal v_n be the euclidean space spanned by the powers of a over the reals where the scallar product bulletbullet is defined by xytracex cdot y in this work ones proves that cal v_n is an euclidean jordan algebra of rank 3 when one introduces in cal v_n the usual product of matrices in this euclidean jordan algebra one defines the modulus of a matrix and afterwards one defines ax forall xin mathbbr working inside the euclidean jordan algebra cal v_n and making use of the properties of ax one defines the generalized krein parameters of the strongly npac regular graph tau and finally one presents necessary conditions over the parameters and the spectra of the tau strongly npac regular graph | [['let', 'tau', 'be', 'a', 'strongly', 'npac', 'regular', 'graphsuch', 'that', '0cpn1', 'a', 'his', 'matrix', 'of', 'adjacency', 'and', 'let', 'cal', 'v_n', 'be', 'the', 'euclidean', 'space', 'spanned', 'by', 'the', 'powers', 'of', 'a', 'over', 'the', 'reals', 'where', 'the', 'scallar', 'product', 'bulletbullet', 'is', 'defined', 'by', 'xytracex', 'cdot', 'y', 'in', 'this', 'work', 'ones', 'proves', 'that', 'cal', 'v_n', 'is', 'an', 'euclidean', 'jordan', 'algebra', 'of', 'rank', '3', 'when', 'one', 'introduces', 'in', 'cal', 'v_n', 'the', 'usual', 'product', 'of', 'matrices', 'in', 'this', 'euclidean', 'jordan', 'algebra', 'one', 'defines', 'the', 'modulus', 'of', 'a', 'matrix', 'and', 'afterwards', 'one', 'defines', 'ax', 'forall', 'xin', 'mathbbr', 'working', 'inside', 'the', 'euclidean', 'jordan', 'algebra', 'cal', 'v_n', 'and', 'making', 'use', 'of', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'ax', 'one', 'defines', 'the', 'generalized', 'krein', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'strongly', 'npac', 'regular', 'graph', 'tau', 'and', 'finally', 'one', 'presents', 'necessary', 'conditions', 'over', 'the', 'parameters', 'and', 'the', 'spectra', 'of', 'the', 'tau', 'strongly', 'npac', 'regular', 'graph']] | [-0.1585083232170209, 0.15151455322785137, -0.05488046915515473, -0.024650934879682063, -0.06323408784127717, -0.14210904186549492, -0.05747575455002094, 0.3100609251410049, -0.33628288919414234, -0.1414151071724867, 0.08249478308305397, -0.2914352242194144, -0.12788247534150915, 0.11689868940502629, -0.09391140045171001, -0.015402621502070724, 0.05506465252824968, 0.14508049750588553, -0.14662489368531265, -0.2509358953006208, 0.3440872935396164, -0.0380626735566324, 0.15517168161564304, 0.0032467092107281202, 0.09110216391307854, 0.06922745391292344, -0.014782077515991475, 0.01177047083790666, -0.15318417906661821, 0.09823588394783997, 0.2508349197503543, 0.16879443693695997, 0.22958516314121566, -0.35934236827761606, -0.09830219202842984, 0.22747894319796697, 0.14666632710977046, -0.12034824152505096, 0.07436954322502129, -0.25526463517681103, 0.0886735532719894, -0.15218166414564266, -0.11760055913092722, -0.010384706014971235, 0.12424040786813441, -0.0366951548599435, -0.33703747104601306, 0.031088185510633134, 0.08335445518895356, 0.038266911759580434, -0.019605872119755896, -0.13238377340271004, -0.07630483236836087, 0.044008490954450495, -0.03771001773998421, 0.11863741104988228, 0.07201497139115083, -0.029088586243219618, -0.09474205257917258, 0.40758647878927395, -0.051311772826558355, -0.25097515320850017, 0.06909006089672334, -0.22420670734928513, -0.11898641109105927, 0.05838064189573148, 0.08513316588784407, 0.14881571039887445, -0.07589676229975141, 0.2665579306951696, -0.10999766471130508, 0.10330396409223515, 0.08546788356778093, 0.02501078253906024, 0.11802422283287335, 0.09967113624648996, 0.06028655467596941, 0.13756196695744038, 0.03366127445299486, -0.01123218130691439, -0.3456713070609796, -0.15873752978343264, -0.20336637683422829, 0.1507591310559415, -0.20883006637833254, -0.1797562767567701, 0.4213065023646039, 0.04346938431788152, 0.24329777993261814, 0.07048493438978903, 0.20611663781722686, 0.10773291444069796, 0.06133326611138488, 0.10585130904486081, 0.12139848447264753, 0.20778351407883255, 0.03689282212259346, -0.1671562254519895, 0.0056397851864646254, 0.20526019486605673] |
709.355 | The Outburst of the Blazar AO 0235+164 in 2006 December: Shock-in-Jet
Interpretation | We present the results of polarimetric ($R$ band) and multicolor photometric
($BVRIJHK$) observations of the blazar AO 0235+16 during an outburst in 2006
December. The data reveal a short timescale of variability (several hours),
which increases from optical to near-IR wavelengths; even shorter variations
are detected in polarization. The flux density correlates with the degree of
polarization, and at maximum degree of polarization the electric vector tends
to align with the parsec-scale jet direction. We find that a variable component
with a steady power-law spectral energy distribution and very high optical
polarization (30-50%) is responsible for the variability. We interpret these
properties of the blazar withina model of a transverse shock propagating down
the jet. In this case a small change in the viewing angle of the jet, by
$\lesssim 1^o$, and a decrease in the shocked plasma compression by a factor of
$\sim$1.5 are sufficient to account for the variability.
| astro-ph | we present the results of polarimetric r band and multicolor photometric bvrijhk observations of the blazar ao 023516 during an outburst in 2006 december the data reveal a short timescale of variability several hours which increases from optical to nearir wavelengths even shorter variations are detected in polarization the flux density correlates with the degree of polarization and at maximum degree of polarization the electric vector tends to align with the parsecscale jet direction we find that a variable component with a steady powerlaw spectral energy distribution and very high optical polarization 3050 is responsible for the variability we interpret these properties of the blazar withina model of a transverse shock propagating down the jet in this case a small change in the viewing angle of the jet by lesssim 1o and a decrease in the shocked plasma compression by a factor of sim15 are sufficient to account for the variability | [['we', 'present', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'polarimetric', 'r', 'band', 'and', 'multicolor', 'photometric', 'bvrijhk', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'blazar', 'ao', '023516', 'during', 'an', 'outburst', 'in', '2006', 'december', 'the', 'data', 'reveal', 'a', 'short', 'timescale', 'of', 'variability', 'several', 'hours', 'which', 'increases', 'from', 'optical', 'to', 'nearir', 'wavelengths', 'even', 'shorter', 'variations', 'are', 'detected', 'in', 'polarization', 'the', 'flux', 'density', 'correlates', 'with', 'the', 'degree', 'of', 'polarization', 'and', 'at', 'maximum', 'degree', 'of', 'polarization', 'the', 'electric', 'vector', 'tends', 'to', 'align', 'with', 'the', 'parsecscale', 'jet', 'direction', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'a', 'variable', 'component', 'with', 'a', 'steady', 'powerlaw', 'spectral', 'energy', 'distribution', 'and', 'very', 'high', 'optical', 'polarization', '3050', 'is', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'variability', 'we', 'interpret', 'these', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'blazar', 'withina', 'model', 'of', 'a', 'transverse', 'shock', 'propagating', 'down', 'the', 'jet', 'in', 'this', 'case', 'a', 'small', 'change', 'in', 'the', 'viewing', 'angle', 'of', 'the', 'jet', 'by', 'lesssim', '1o', 'and', 'a', 'decrease', 'in', 'the', 'shocked', 'plasma', 'compression', 'by', 'a', 'factor', 'of', 'sim15', 'are', 'sufficient', 'to', 'account', 'for', 'the', 'variability']] | [-0.11936277825066557, 0.16284054093269534, -0.07012321319643583, 0.052614909515484864, -0.08036846072794307, -0.08799956205938536, 0.017932341582510596, 0.4672997681511529, -0.24163926484128898, -0.34159249381471624, 0.0817931648804775, -0.2567145922908797, -0.014307468585770002, 0.1786479539591069, -0.02587328633080993, -0.012539566882054678, 0.06667989927919069, -0.0920825520195942, -0.04362307867189969, -0.17526657227050763, 0.235582960088231, 0.09825638159109443, 0.215327864356539, 0.034830029422554795, 0.0942773422634154, -0.024382291938297, -0.05895279535098664, 0.004093756230435516, -0.08038567436050159, 0.06571453241959539, 0.1873160792927214, 0.07196416218152532, 0.20119944971442322, -0.35785977898678123, -0.22026270358266947, 0.045573564611950376, 0.12539627143391252, 0.04506488778538949, 0.032939985058514164, -0.2083146737704066, 0.03232189304751638, -0.1607328575987747, -0.18200503154689032, 0.04279943874368332, 0.07648592614865668, 0.05228433893030922, -0.252600803271236, 0.13771448279230936, 0.03797822149084481, 0.12333239552458661, -0.11067003740510284, -0.06051597617341568, -0.07882208751214531, 0.05429994553990112, 0.09880880105556082, 0.11980297415823545, 0.11069719456980043, -0.1588137438442658, -0.07919609057873288, 0.3679649950623912, -0.09343788731568212, -0.0318853042819756, 0.1504344562343603, -0.24748156996285262, -0.14997703960925596, 0.216031533819092, 0.195402862816649, 0.11251213359052703, -0.07777272590479795, -0.037347335214671935, -0.007154817090544775, 0.23486998023452774, 0.05561190886085465, 0.08324649877808737, 0.27090877602064367, 0.11687775329927345, 0.02207463665321569, 0.16180292338964172, -0.26923436427101394, 0.016887439924273516, -0.30815807113661464, -0.08719173960243945, -0.14371268700608272, 0.10142206635026124, -0.15500161480494531, -0.10168807139157648, 0.4664970793567548, 0.09715865113016144, 0.23500468062968213, 0.030097559488991014, 0.28872578119821596, 0.10902861292722428, 0.06171934447570035, 0.14161162304648217, 0.348255509801284, 0.1455379739972519, 0.16858376463212624, -0.2379983898280376, 0.08424197361123242, -0.039383437470439195] |
709.3551 | Interference effects in the counting statistics of electron transfers
through a double quantum dot | We investigate the effect of quantum interferences and Coulomb interaction on
the counting statistics of electrons crossing a double quantum dot in a
parallel geometry using a generating function technique based on a quantum
master equation approach. The skewness and the average residence time of
electrons in the dots are shown to be the quantities most sensitive to
interferences and Coulomb coupling. The joint probabilities of consecutive
electron transfer processes show characteristic temporal oscillations due to
interference. The steady-state fluctuation theorem which predicts a universal
connection between the number of forward and backward transfer events is shown
to hold even in the presence of Coulomb coupling and interference.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | we investigate the effect of quantum interferences and coulomb interaction on the counting statistics of electrons crossing a double quantum dot in a parallel geometry using a generating function technique based on a quantum master equation approach the skewness and the average residence time of electrons in the dots are shown to be the quantities most sensitive to interferences and coulomb coupling the joint probabilities of consecutive electron transfer processes show characteristic temporal oscillations due to interference the steadystate fluctuation theorem which predicts a universal connection between the number of forward and backward transfer events is shown to hold even in the presence of coulomb coupling and interference | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'quantum', 'interferences', 'and', 'coulomb', 'interaction', 'on', 'the', 'counting', 'statistics', 'of', 'electrons', 'crossing', 'a', 'double', 'quantum', 'dot', 'in', 'a', 'parallel', 'geometry', 'using', 'a', 'generating', 'function', 'technique', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'quantum', 'master', 'equation', 'approach', 'the', 'skewness', 'and', 'the', 'average', 'residence', 'time', 'of', 'electrons', 'in', 'the', 'dots', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'quantities', 'most', 'sensitive', 'to', 'interferences', 'and', 'coulomb', 'coupling', 'the', 'joint', 'probabilities', 'of', 'consecutive', 'electron', 'transfer', 'processes', 'show', 'characteristic', 'temporal', 'oscillations', 'due', 'to', 'interference', 'the', 'steadystate', 'fluctuation', 'theorem', 'which', 'predicts', 'a', 'universal', 'connection', 'between', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'forward', 'and', 'backward', 'transfer', 'events', 'is', 'shown', 'to', 'hold', 'even', 'in', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'coulomb', 'coupling', 'and', 'interference']] | [-0.18266660272773286, 0.16228593802252025, -0.10526005584850079, 0.14299974628590495, 0.011841232526219554, -0.14753424166270565, 0.06669961473111201, 0.3235073968147238, -0.2846422865695786, -0.30783095666966226, -0.039203689755932254, -0.2926204077709742, -0.1435688152171982, 0.19156721600814275, 0.0022411611595695526, 0.04010021551813999, 0.05489151134302288, 0.024665103578526113, -0.041492994842378214, -0.1761108997323188, 0.303305556592359, 0.03911602497208622, 0.326442901165811, 0.1179444660536117, 0.10295253810127852, 0.07367036616239973, 0.0035275382213984375, 0.001975113880622235, -0.07572198757393549, 0.056736506538948524, 0.1930005772764734, 0.007820340632288545, 0.24307130858371104, -0.44812291275916827, -0.18148386896656896, 0.08018879426850213, 0.15353328481971942, 0.13231143680146756, -0.04210879670292208, -0.2786653016185112, -0.000254763531740065, -0.1464474356940223, -0.06627489227577354, -0.014758408845712742, 0.011743813714322945, 0.06409811920969298, -0.3044121231931193, 0.10655201724902899, 0.0512776167726972, -0.008336434718566361, 0.028617799185061205, -0.0403827160415757, 0.016415290334003255, 0.1284451464889571, 0.0306011056505937, -0.015014569891651196, 0.13122306896063188, -0.13541683006203836, -0.1493851847286957, 0.33608973034036654, -0.04685647576547193, -0.1979534994483132, 0.15428275106683872, -0.1995228031150031, -0.05814502013985206, 0.14637511946191942, 0.15624266293080938, 0.10479397065420118, -0.14424553145093982, 0.0844382480993065, 0.042544806233814195, 0.1332490820679124, 0.0962576581212623, 0.09074219803463805, 0.21082920409066397, 0.11282931739050481, 0.03281697833531157, 0.11843091777107609, -0.1449308065585447, -0.16651766362203355, -0.2839936989411298, -0.15749185016654707, -0.20938761891469498, 0.09798771721155693, -0.06011891659471547, -0.16985886838207348, 0.4003900267607942, 0.13863429859608273, 0.1927743716385319, 0.01841364777539167, 0.29422244605504805, 0.19775933687385447, 0.049757567398181116, 0.031088840828656598, 0.2265866070088965, 0.21273790649353974, 0.07501329666141558, -0.30886773590464145, 0.04877245747829201, 0.04557862879139268] |
709.3552 | Mass gap for gravity localized on Weyl thick branes | We study the properties of a previously found family of thick brane
configurations in a pure geometric Weyl integrable 5D space time, a
non-Riemannian generalization of Kaluza-Klein (KK) theory involving a geometric
scalar field. Thus the 5D theory describes gravity coupled to a
self-interacting scalar field which gives rise to the structure of the thick
branes. Analyzing the graviton spectrum for this class of models, we find that
a particularly interesting situation arises for a special case in which the 4D
graviton is separated from the KK gravitons by a mass gap. The corresponding
effective Schroedinger equation has a modified Poeschl-Teller potential and can
be solved exactly. Apart from the massless 4D graviton, it contains one massive
KK bound state, and the continuum spectrum of delocalized KK modes. We discuss
the mass hierarchy problem, and explicitly compute the corrections to Newton's
law in the thin brane limit.
| hep-th | we study the properties of a previously found family of thick brane configurations in a pure geometric weyl integrable 5d space time a nonriemannian generalization of kaluzaklein kk theory involving a geometric scalar field thus the 5d theory describes gravity coupled to a selfinteracting scalar field which gives rise to the structure of the thick branes analyzing the graviton spectrum for this class of models we find that a particularly interesting situation arises for a special case in which the 4d graviton is separated from the kk gravitons by a mass gap the corresponding effective schroedinger equation has a modified poeschlteller potential and can be solved exactly apart from the massless 4d graviton it contains one massive kk bound state and the continuum spectrum of delocalized kk modes we discuss the mass hierarchy problem and explicitly compute the corrections to newtons law in the thin brane limit | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'previously', 'found', 'family', 'of', 'thick', 'brane', 'configurations', 'in', 'a', 'pure', 'geometric', 'weyl', 'integrable', '5d', 'space', 'time', 'a', 'nonriemannian', 'generalization', 'of', 'kaluzaklein', 'kk', 'theory', 'involving', 'a', 'geometric', 'scalar', 'field', 'thus', 'the', '5d', 'theory', 'describes', 'gravity', 'coupled', 'to', 'a', 'selfinteracting', 'scalar', 'field', 'which', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'thick', 'branes', 'analyzing', 'the', 'graviton', 'spectrum', 'for', 'this', 'class', 'of', 'models', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'a', 'particularly', 'interesting', 'situation', 'arises', 'for', 'a', 'special', 'case', 'in', 'which', 'the', '4d', 'graviton', 'is', 'separated', 'from', 'the', 'kk', 'gravitons', 'by', 'a', 'mass', 'gap', 'the', 'corresponding', 'effective', 'schroedinger', 'equation', 'has', 'a', 'modified', 'poeschlteller', 'potential', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'solved', 'exactly', 'apart', 'from', 'the', 'massless', '4d', 'graviton', 'it', 'contains', 'one', 'massive', 'kk', 'bound', 'state', 'and', 'the', 'continuum', 'spectrum', 'of', 'delocalized', 'kk', 'modes', 'we', 'discuss', 'the', 'mass', 'hierarchy', 'problem', 'and', 'explicitly', 'compute', 'the', 'corrections', 'to', 'newtons', 'law', 'in', 'the', 'thin', 'brane', 'limit']] | [-0.14770388971938161, 0.178585729040253, -0.10318847539593928, 0.14149303057984935, -0.10571984095450611, -0.1720269335699933, -0.0255945855545729, 0.24468029400042327, -0.21111241476546946, -0.28119062446057796, 0.015613336205564845, -0.2734396730274038, -0.12580820247784358, 0.12957151516714469, -0.003994444103239953, -0.009813134381104083, -0.0065446064037707995, 0.05930823078505745, -0.06670645994552392, -0.19590625537996542, 0.37558801862138774, 0.005427532205294792, 0.22524271823060352, 0.015837895823325836, 0.08365021299152654, -0.017660130498785096, 0.041826759642433556, 0.009010583988896122, -0.14362438296176355, 0.10276888130980284, 0.20441540113451187, 0.030958507254364945, 0.15407426924077275, -0.36159005002150324, -0.22744360009879888, 0.08015886854798514, 0.19374508197818482, 0.1793629571171414, -0.03207510304288799, -0.2841052415441772, 0.03799604868110852, -0.1790302095754186, -0.20103665189437417, -0.03100157911860745, 0.009461595653081122, -0.1694876557916124, -0.24952324723815356, 0.09953091700215266, 0.022260123760071995, -0.04032880549275928, -0.07904691428110815, -0.09426771660595118, -0.09022310898214782, 0.04985557944786285, 0.13626584558126828, 0.009934291312452026, 0.10697549637913907, -0.14344444647284865, -0.10699473800918492, 0.3843186794899778, -0.1409690094490846, -0.2297794688683079, 0.15139401610940695, -0.1307737216144344, -0.11911024109200657, 0.1373713969381298, 0.14033104414809305, 0.18428266000068552, -0.14234023195965417, 0.2648536317279328, -0.04298582626506686, 0.15440558672559504, 0.11759303244096893, 0.07784331081827887, 0.28690899552090005, 0.10853745169671518, 0.01346276448025894, 0.1659065315564841, -0.01409325359601426, -0.13164340509703623, -0.3653139169676369, -0.16894174725819874, -0.14950429764893033, 0.13121687602821966, -0.14017150140983975, -0.20586778208626066, 0.38338985254506575, 0.0533664908757446, 0.15194280956536024, 0.042876789113506675, 0.20827999330271466, 0.13647736620386036, 0.07792626601662866, 0.04929704199145947, 0.28467249758795005, 0.18031950295763408, 0.0992752887423627, -0.2442595953142372, -0.15889726452795522, 0.12444672686662399] |
709.3553 | Design of moveable and resizable graphics | We are communicating with computers on two different levels. On upper level
we have a very flexible system of windows: we can move them, resize, overlap or
put side by side. At any moment we decide what would be the best view and
reorganize the whole view easily. Then we start any application, go to the
inner level, and everything changes. Here we are stripped of all the
flexibility and can work only inside the scenario, developed by the designer of
the program. Interface will allow us to change some tiny details, but in
general everything is fixed: graphics is neither moveable, nor resizable, and
the same with controls. Author designed an extremely powerful mechanism of
turning graphical objects and controls into moveable and resizable. This can
not only significantly improve the existing applications, but this will bring
the applications to another level. (To estimate the possible difference, try to
imagine the Windows system without its flexibility and compare it with the
current one.) This article explains in details the construction and use of
moveable and resizable graphical objects.
| cs.GR cs.HC | we are communicating with computers on two different levels on upper level we have a very flexible system of windows we can move them resize overlap or put side by side at any moment we decide what would be the best view and reorganize the whole view easily then we start any application go to the inner level and everything changes here we are stripped of all the flexibility and can work only inside the scenario developed by the designer of the program interface will allow us to change some tiny details but in general everything is fixed graphics is neither moveable nor resizable and the same with controls author designed an extremely powerful mechanism of turning graphical objects and controls into moveable and resizable this can not only significantly improve the existing applications but this will bring the applications to another level to estimate the possible difference try to imagine the windows system without its flexibility and compare it with the current one this article explains in details the construction and use of moveable and resizable graphical objects | [['we', 'are', 'communicating', 'with', 'computers', 'on', 'two', 'different', 'levels', 'on', 'upper', 'level', 'we', 'have', 'a', 'very', 'flexible', 'system', 'of', 'windows', 'we', 'can', 'move', 'them', 'resize', 'overlap', 'or', 'put', 'side', 'by', 'side', 'at', 'any', 'moment', 'we', 'decide', 'what', 'would', 'be', 'the', 'best', 'view', 'and', 'reorganize', 'the', 'whole', 'view', 'easily', 'then', 'we', 'start', 'any', 'application', 'go', 'to', 'the', 'inner', 'level', 'and', 'everything', 'changes', 'here', 'we', 'are', 'stripped', 'of', 'all', 'the', 'flexibility', 'and', 'can', 'work', 'only', 'inside', 'the', 'scenario', 'developed', 'by', 'the', 'designer', 'of', 'the', 'program', 'interface', 'will', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'change', 'some', 'tiny', 'details', 'but', 'in', 'general', 'everything', 'is', 'fixed', 'graphics', 'is', 'neither', 'moveable', 'nor', 'resizable', 'and', 'the', 'same', 'with', 'controls', 'author', 'designed', 'an', 'extremely', 'powerful', 'mechanism', 'of', 'turning', 'graphical', 'objects', 'and', 'controls', 'into', 'moveable', 'and', 'resizable', 'this', 'can', 'not', 'only', 'significantly', 'improve', 'the', 'existing', 'applications', 'but', 'this', 'will', 'bring', 'the', 'applications', 'to', 'another', 'level', 'to', 'estimate', 'the', 'possible', 'difference', 'try', 'to', 'imagine', 'the', 'windows', 'system', 'without', 'its', 'flexibility', 'and', 'compare', 'it', 'with', 'the', 'current', 'one', 'this', 'article', 'explains', 'in', 'details', 'the', 'construction', 'and', 'use', 'of', 'moveable', 'and', 'resizable', 'graphical', 'objects']] | [-0.08450056785618751, 0.09916738268157387, -0.10546342107368498, 0.0740391369096092, -0.17593293762817855, -0.19088034750828675, 0.07554242391348687, 0.39307535345426775, -0.28700227635605624, -0.344698193202097, 0.13151662815336201, -0.24886576141953967, -0.11638639742077989, 0.17126810086459213, -0.10989903098534189, -0.028906669392570458, 0.05348715342336735, 0.04828900364019476, -0.05551033186649529, -0.2606517642999182, 0.2923704093951711, 0.07969031500885024, 0.2352631260893261, 0.059437415942383214, 0.08468096789659402, 0.0018507005469925576, -0.00466501317637343, 0.01211041673841007, -0.09930712177857819, 0.14869990078807976, 0.22882640960641912, 0.14360206142099127, 0.2643271518361302, -0.48628572038473694, -0.15312025147114944, 0.09426607386802204, 0.15040580813341134, 0.122630025868892, -0.021833165495411894, -0.2730424363093253, 0.09864733873947144, -0.16438690163507308, -0.1385823723056234, -0.06605261006761946, -0.023408385136752655, 0.0034178664433188945, -0.21043972573997505, -0.0689894684158557, 0.07243060534845976, 0.018569571894623455, -0.025491938526305116, -0.08767127558945381, 0.007634432081070692, 0.21033225372282777, 0.0053528704519211915, 0.016270571861282127, 0.18066902295816378, -0.10880120579730823, -0.06482125849946917, 0.3684671718377474, -0.00849116960795357, -0.21260038082352606, 0.24342917076795878, -0.13277558342413195, -0.1347861708084631, 0.10133617260368467, 0.1547941534861912, 0.07822036531925534, -0.15165973742955557, 0.07826877902515555, 0.00640466491764609, 0.19780882783806442, 0.07650856826943475, 0.015261672264519122, 0.255342502991133, 0.13262841881216406, 0.06136606586219056, 0.11944585193310182, -0.06576728626357928, -0.06840237891516134, -0.28974125762183905, -0.1718816181734873, -0.1329059848807721, -0.009622640204394767, -0.018864725104337374, -0.11608059313369384, 0.3885691322167742, 0.20043861826064907, 0.18532149957794716, 0.031724279979243875, 0.3308413547708252, 0.08332963464209321, 0.11486414264544179, 0.07355268929132869, 0.2204454446911575, 0.02665916237428618, 0.11932497928907584, -0.13060433822630335, 0.08177905322921426, 0.0031058421854694585] |
709.3554 | A New Lower Bound on Guard Placement for Wireless Localization | The problem of wireless localization asks to place and orient stations in the
plane, each of which broadcasts a unique key within a fixed angular range, so
that each point in the plane can determine whether it is inside or outside a
given polygonal region. The primary goal is to minimize the number of stations.
In this paper we establish a lower bound of 2n/3 - 1 stations for polygons in
general position, for the case in which the placement of stations is restricted
to polygon vertices, improving upon the existing n/2 lower bound.
| cs.CG cs.CC | the problem of wireless localization asks to place and orient stations in the plane each of which broadcasts a unique key within a fixed angular range so that each point in the plane can determine whether it is inside or outside a given polygonal region the primary goal is to minimize the number of stations in this paper we establish a lower bound of 2n3 1 stations for polygons in general position for the case in which the placement of stations is restricted to polygon vertices improving upon the existing n2 lower bound | [['the', 'problem', 'of', 'wireless', 'localization', 'asks', 'to', 'place', 'and', 'orient', 'stations', 'in', 'the', 'plane', 'each', 'of', 'which', 'broadcasts', 'a', 'unique', 'key', 'within', 'a', 'fixed', 'angular', 'range', 'so', 'that', 'each', 'point', 'in', 'the', 'plane', 'can', 'determine', 'whether', 'it', 'is', 'inside', 'or', 'outside', 'a', 'given', 'polygonal', 'region', 'the', 'primary', 'goal', 'is', 'to', 'minimize', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'stations', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'establish', 'a', 'lower', 'bound', 'of', '2n3', '1', 'stations', 'for', 'polygons', 'in', 'general', 'position', 'for', 'the', 'case', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'placement', 'of', 'stations', 'is', 'restricted', 'to', 'polygon', 'vertices', 'improving', 'upon', 'the', 'existing', 'n2', 'lower', 'bound']] | [-0.18724576929604175, 0.08721674778448638, -0.006969411877454609, 0.006719063479273069, -0.07074894896528174, -0.15075780279053155, 0.14249269927786765, 0.3191385518118579, -0.24505497815628205, -0.30933809494699843, 0.08188407708232301, -0.2922328948594069, -0.10123152887919337, 0.1268861483837608, -0.12479442224358409, 0.0034887082962399367, 0.03319481915483872, 0.12322193371152045, -0.014511207626852136, -0.2389662385547674, 0.27491715572453956, 0.050814177921061875, 0.2734698935822454, 0.07098925137211398, 0.06193068041215821, 0.054371693507037175, 0.039655933572199716, 0.002943248397880985, -0.13735708389570497, 0.11386846382326136, 0.3040574775152509, 0.15001510901336548, 0.2569745755403913, -0.42929031393460687, -0.16289340575496036, 0.16760328651395856, 0.1848996174759582, 0.04615868848337922, 0.027545873771712023, -0.21591194215611184, 0.13520376259080505, -0.10477412183598805, -0.1693363976214201, 0.1006399577042909, 0.045753544106358485, 0.04381036000346304, -0.29344525895211643, -0.047412422440898536, 0.05049752161627816, 0.016926259513423646, -0.05407188682546539, -0.09628784266846274, 0.0027004830809610504, 0.21596203896377275, -0.0032204362158212933, 0.09636006524325699, 0.07464633284196738, -0.08708563202901953, -0.07173804043521805, 0.4128153553252579, 0.0235399783098249, -0.2276542622706182, 0.13260927405558848, -0.18638133681229047, -0.13774797502624733, 0.14101210986614549, 0.22200230498527806, 0.1594531196920622, -0.13314038173606, 0.06955815967290051, -0.08966680297625541, 0.12869319679955352, 0.12808263243015816, 0.007543270654540749, 0.22561266816343853, 0.17160286342785244, 0.24104386433628538, 0.14694408930697908, -0.11020742450910871, -0.0783042407404351, -0.29375229988207097, -0.12805938727337546, -0.24061503522949274, -0.001923544923224116, -0.09068893732847921, -0.13276355866823467, 0.3680337623703063, 0.12431643480154615, 0.2106375092720633, 0.051319980515687855, 0.31813067203808215, 0.06881971642254822, 0.042389715097904686, 0.15387415041225733, 0.20854227679596352, 0.07409238765486867, 0.040072791934293764, -0.16303393039952524, 0.03490135435175191, 0.09689266105452853] |
709.3555 | A pedagogical explanation for the non-renormalizability of gravity | We present a short and intuitive argument explaining why gravity is
non-renormalizable. The argument is based on black-hole domination of the high
energy spectrum of gravity and not on the standard perturbative irrelevance of
the gravitational coupling. This is a pedagogical note, containing textbook
material that is widely appreciated by experts and is by no means original.
| hep-th gr-qc hep-ph | we present a short and intuitive argument explaining why gravity is nonrenormalizable the argument is based on blackhole domination of the high energy spectrum of gravity and not on the standard perturbative irrelevance of the gravitational coupling this is a pedagogical note containing textbook material that is widely appreciated by experts and is by no means original | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'short', 'and', 'intuitive', 'argument', 'explaining', 'why', 'gravity', 'is', 'nonrenormalizable', 'the', 'argument', 'is', 'based', 'on', 'blackhole', 'domination', 'of', 'the', 'high', 'energy', 'spectrum', 'of', 'gravity', 'and', 'not', 'on', 'the', 'standard', 'perturbative', 'irrelevance', 'of', 'the', 'gravitational', 'coupling', 'this', 'is', 'a', 'pedagogical', 'note', 'containing', 'textbook', 'material', 'that', 'is', 'widely', 'appreciated', 'by', 'experts', 'and', 'is', 'by', 'no', 'means', 'original']] | [-0.1305195039057524, 0.12840360187386213, -0.14605328947174967, 0.15879137046929254, -0.16979847244281127, -0.15399356348145948, 0.006772387000781141, 0.30128698103260576, -0.15048112560128957, -0.3169798099419527, 0.08853328782705623, -0.2623126380014838, -0.17004251733356923, 0.16779266009842486, -0.0984135719604398, -0.034927653156939825, 0.006346453471403373, 0.06140822915333781, -0.03529681933210477, -0.22214866494923308, 0.3514382691253303, 0.11066140690736734, 0.20831514515897684, 0.11125717510616309, 0.10468441359862163, 0.001249867924407386, -0.02915534222694604, 0.029229960396166956, -0.10601667865864185, 0.11815017401935174, 0.19042239597949542, 0.14111670573944585, 0.29942547771752925, -0.4084762624023776, -0.22006574849875873, 0.06298376002201908, 0.0994729573527972, 0.1445053949331244, -0.06377143426308114, -0.24126678453594969, 0.046082095880257454, -0.18149473040626107, -0.1032669490791465, -0.07394436060598022, 0.04465630467523608, -0.04938750529433029, -0.21250950965801613, 0.11533115825436094, 0.09569051351986434, 0.0672421321015511, 0.010479066373878404, -0.06890126465607369, 0.04417794380794492, 0.017860325290249626, 0.12307474006931379, 0.05007654224244649, 0.1063927948523901, -0.11060172789566741, -0.11517431937860684, 0.41430981418019847, -0.06808578179691706, -0.17008564178831875, 0.20361901412456573, -0.12011780381496799, -0.09686425205303781, 0.089332495734357, 0.05525703164095288, 0.13847783583690199, -0.1785502921087308, 0.15794915337168627, -0.021009997334004493, 0.20132203672996216, 0.059713580057417094, 0.028168871326845858, 0.277919741641534, 0.17755693740828224, -0.022341775642544554, 0.08204248529581125, 0.027061333528540114, -0.07556265546825894, -0.37484216690063477, -0.1327154749448885, -0.24297850807769256, 0.08310460281714577, -0.08565250223450437, -0.1853351969713051, 0.39213989166902347, 0.16441818594671131, 0.10331305995452822, 0.050292257170536016, 0.3292320109822117, 0.13949128202562988, 0.03604747939409623, 0.04484499820197622, 0.3275980440605628, 0.1206508043973723, 0.09959630466376741, -0.16615088028310424, 0.06023889041522093, 0.12144881546530023] |
709.3556 | Dynamic Spin-Polarized Resonant Tunneling in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions | Precisely engineered tunnel junctions exhibit a long sought effect that
occurs when the energy of the electron is comparable to the potential energy of
the tunneling barrier. The resistance of metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions
oscillates with an applied voltage when electrons that tunnel directly into the
barrier's conduction band interfere upon reflection at the classical turning
points: the insulator-metal interface, and the dynamic point where the incident
electron energy equals the potential barrier inside the insulator. A model of
tunneling between free electron bands using the exact solution of the
Schroedinger equation for a trapezoidal tunnel barrier qualitatively agrees
with experiment.
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other | precisely engineered tunnel junctions exhibit a long sought effect that occurs when the energy of the electron is comparable to the potential energy of the tunneling barrier the resistance of metalinsulatormetal tunnel junctions oscillates with an applied voltage when electrons that tunnel directly into the barriers conduction band interfere upon reflection at the classical turning points the insulatormetal interface and the dynamic point where the incident electron energy equals the potential barrier inside the insulator a model of tunneling between free electron bands using the exact solution of the schroedinger equation for a trapezoidal tunnel barrier qualitatively agrees with experiment | [['precisely', 'engineered', 'tunnel', 'junctions', 'exhibit', 'a', 'long', 'sought', 'effect', 'that', 'occurs', 'when', 'the', 'energy', 'of', 'the', 'electron', 'is', 'comparable', 'to', 'the', 'potential', 'energy', 'of', 'the', 'tunneling', 'barrier', 'the', 'resistance', 'of', 'metalinsulatormetal', 'tunnel', 'junctions', 'oscillates', 'with', 'an', 'applied', 'voltage', 'when', 'electrons', 'that', 'tunnel', 'directly', 'into', 'the', 'barriers', 'conduction', 'band', 'interfere', 'upon', 'reflection', 'at', 'the', 'classical', 'turning', 'points', 'the', 'insulatormetal', 'interface', 'and', 'the', 'dynamic', 'point', 'where', 'the', 'incident', 'electron', 'energy', 'equals', 'the', 'potential', 'barrier', 'inside', 'the', 'insulator', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'tunneling', 'between', 'free', 'electron', 'bands', 'using', 'the', 'exact', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'schroedinger', 'equation', 'for', 'a', 'trapezoidal', 'tunnel', 'barrier', 'qualitatively', 'agrees', 'with', 'experiment']] | [-0.1780714369751513, 0.14902187381187104, -0.04451637179590762, 0.07022453736746684, -0.0068888965668156745, -0.24831223935354502, 0.1165124377142638, 0.3619298228994012, -0.2860193610331044, -0.32062504587695, -0.06786949022090993, -0.34820436127483845, -0.07394544529262931, 0.22190895322477444, 0.05296290295664221, 0.004199381991056726, 0.03924525070004165, -0.023275975715368987, -0.04397146210540086, -0.12864264890551566, 0.3026442408096045, 0.05363032728433609, 0.3270629387162626, 0.14356994001427664, 0.10333614075090736, 0.014054597651120276, 0.1884970642765984, 0.016791768413968386, -0.1690697026901762, 0.007609300998446997, 0.21645702724112198, -0.17178639722522349, 0.21152190770488233, -0.5491727391257882, -0.18270918599329888, 0.002722709751687944, 0.13809949169808533, 0.12139002261916175, -0.05738214875105768, -0.2614598100632429, 0.0055007359106093645, -0.12295071461237966, -0.15652121243998407, 0.04471067527658306, -0.010095725902356207, 0.047581680606817826, -0.24041381494142114, 0.06865749040036462, 0.007370740480255335, 0.0009136664867401123, -0.08155256066471338, -0.06316651896573604, -0.0982003215723671, 0.06614603540248937, 0.04545722093549557, 0.04007151404395699, 0.20213675735983996, -0.10901957811263856, -0.1096005975548178, 0.30221167986514047, -0.05726730038411915, -0.1202602206543088, 0.14099190436769277, -0.17263734048232438, 0.09495953602250666, 0.20382652163505555, 0.04724562949500978, 0.06966092591639608, -0.13048965692199999, 0.14184384803229477, 0.03773153180256486, 0.11494370208267356, 0.13052610758226366, 0.00366213365457952, 0.25587486555799843, 0.1891261327220127, 0.09446667066775262, 0.10807572897523642, -0.17163655465468763, -0.07233914761600317, -0.27494153039529917, -0.17141472619376144, -0.22942279234528543, 0.08267039032652974, -0.06136222093351534, -0.22975006565684453, 0.44272616229951384, 0.12492647542792838, 0.16704107765108347, -0.04041099606547505, 0.32042644150555133, 0.2198982660798356, 0.07501249152701348, 0.016874765385873614, 0.2112338261678815, 0.12370622646063566, 0.14572288033086805, -0.31562602921156213, 0.05014402001630515, -0.0038152340613305568] |
709.3557 | Multiphoton Bloch-Siegert shifts and level-splittings in spin-one
systems | We consider a spin-boson model in which a spin 1 system is coupled to an
oscillator. A unitary transformation is applied which allows a separation of
terms responsible for the Bloch-Siegert shift, and terms responsible for the
level splittings at anticrossings associated with Bloch-Siegert resonances.
When the oscillator is highly excited, the system can maintain resonance for
sequential multiphoton transitions. At lower levels of excitation, resonance
cannot be maintained because energy exchange with the oscillator changes the
level shift. An estimate for the critical excitation level of the oscillator is
developed.
| quant-ph | we consider a spinboson model in which a spin 1 system is coupled to an oscillator a unitary transformation is applied which allows a separation of terms responsible for the blochsiegert shift and terms responsible for the level splittings at anticrossings associated with blochsiegert resonances when the oscillator is highly excited the system can maintain resonance for sequential multiphoton transitions at lower levels of excitation resonance cannot be maintained because energy exchange with the oscillator changes the level shift an estimate for the critical excitation level of the oscillator is developed | [['we', 'consider', 'a', 'spinboson', 'model', 'in', 'which', 'a', 'spin', '1', 'system', 'is', 'coupled', 'to', 'an', 'oscillator', 'a', 'unitary', 'transformation', 'is', 'applied', 'which', 'allows', 'a', 'separation', 'of', 'terms', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'blochsiegert', 'shift', 'and', 'terms', 'responsible', 'for', 'the', 'level', 'splittings', 'at', 'anticrossings', 'associated', 'with', 'blochsiegert', 'resonances', 'when', 'the', 'oscillator', 'is', 'highly', 'excited', 'the', 'system', 'can', 'maintain', 'resonance', 'for', 'sequential', 'multiphoton', 'transitions', 'at', 'lower', 'levels', 'of', 'excitation', 'resonance', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'maintained', 'because', 'energy', 'exchange', 'with', 'the', 'oscillator', 'changes', 'the', 'level', 'shift', 'an', 'estimate', 'for', 'the', 'critical', 'excitation', 'level', 'of', 'the', 'oscillator', 'is', 'developed']] | [-0.14903815114951652, 0.21360731969426802, -0.016863189723707088, 0.068403065470351, 0.007559170217617699, -0.18363847206954076, 0.036940454138422625, 0.35139577306361625, -0.23692880117374918, -0.29445540730881953, 0.021479978366582858, -0.24031877108997002, -0.10439137155607688, 0.18712529379864346, 0.013452282377883144, -0.002152591791894773, 0.06310433819485099, 0.07607207966097833, -0.014404427114641294, -0.10160340421134606, 0.31663930548719416, 0.08973596901025462, 0.2653087857381805, 0.06471814426755451, 0.10866434834695057, -0.014724876248257478, 0.1647575309743052, -0.0860583797228806, -0.05190533401606524, 0.09611127502735738, 0.2664093570581273, -0.021098253944807726, 0.2543597535847727, -0.3543600255380506, -0.16332479505344172, 0.09479716289586024, 0.17847082202079828, 0.19690512582082706, -0.0037065169814488163, -0.2928869429540456, -0.003055404588256193, -0.16607106545859057, -0.13264876335818807, -0.10298192163463682, -0.004521674233610215, -0.01894797578089587, -0.32662192102946824, 0.08003114964622396, 0.05447566406750728, 0.07708101748974751, -0.08582481811311521, -0.06624467696478266, -0.039173253685357456, 0.12692231230808512, -0.03219651926875762, 0.013423522012801739, 0.1776327416047697, -0.11186710925793032, -0.123891058155214, 0.4089682902938322, -0.12319009018171093, -0.19286906796143108, 0.16439001736453857, -0.16074182722798508, -0.09763503525375752, 0.1892472475402705, 0.1216184730279644, 0.054108037527286164, -0.1404707317790029, 0.07080210684026773, 0.0996172507091061, 0.23275569906336782, 0.06620195347552552, 0.057430219613825495, 0.2015279562986942, 0.1359496795870971, 0.08641373157582205, 0.16115017649186167, -0.09385691140335478, -0.08840107101106855, -0.28440560494630557, -0.09900915393929767, -0.1634090074499988, 0.02245101583985556, 0.01915584145472562, -0.13279903445230878, 0.45949212468796125, 0.08698900088505901, 0.19786590738626925, -0.010178962193490208, 0.25532009258218435, 0.3101576660663578, 0.08939012065631054, 0.01662849717894974, 0.27915666059530136, 0.17601727487762336, 0.05776377277367789, -0.32373820342447446, 0.03296229010954013, -0.00017873941839713117] |
709.3558 | Orbital Domain Dynamics in a Doped Manganite | The coupling of multiple degrees of freedom - charge, spin, and lattice - in
manganites has mostly been considered at the microscopic level. However, on
larger length scales, these correlations may be affected by strain and
disorder, which can lead to short range order in these phases and affect the
coupling between them. To better understand these effects, we explore the
dynamics of orbitally ordered domains in a half-doped manganite near the
orbital ordering phase transition. Our results suggest that the domains are
largely static, and exhibit only slow fluctuations near domain boundaries.
| cond-mat.str-el | the coupling of multiple degrees of freedom charge spin and lattice in manganites has mostly been considered at the microscopic level however on larger length scales these correlations may be affected by strain and disorder which can lead to short range order in these phases and affect the coupling between them to better understand these effects we explore the dynamics of orbitally ordered domains in a halfdoped manganite near the orbital ordering phase transition our results suggest that the domains are largely static and exhibit only slow fluctuations near domain boundaries | [['the', 'coupling', 'of', 'multiple', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'charge', 'spin', 'and', 'lattice', 'in', 'manganites', 'has', 'mostly', 'been', 'considered', 'at', 'the', 'microscopic', 'level', 'however', 'on', 'larger', 'length', 'scales', 'these', 'correlations', 'may', 'be', 'affected', 'by', 'strain', 'and', 'disorder', 'which', 'can', 'lead', 'to', 'short', 'range', 'order', 'in', 'these', 'phases', 'and', 'affect', 'the', 'coupling', 'between', 'them', 'to', 'better', 'understand', 'these', 'effects', 'we', 'explore', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'orbitally', 'ordered', 'domains', 'in', 'a', 'halfdoped', 'manganite', 'near', 'the', 'orbital', 'ordering', 'phase', 'transition', 'our', 'results', 'suggest', 'that', 'the', 'domains', 'are', 'largely', 'static', 'and', 'exhibit', 'only', 'slow', 'fluctuations', 'near', 'domain', 'boundaries']] | [-0.2008294497647292, 0.26207192332719215, -0.04570192996678608, 0.05799924550516592, -0.03777621410132109, -0.09300552665736976, 0.051606867664524325, 0.4115148507222369, -0.30115240548256333, -0.30456571919577463, 0.08084038236296152, -0.29679145515579114, -0.12467172848838536, 0.12309810066861766, 0.037734036200812886, -0.024833736480674246, -0.023339933157990593, -0.03377533505496743, -0.09391617040267562, -0.20760332058173614, 0.2918528947610777, 0.007778504285142644, 0.290867776538317, 0.10877985149048842, 0.015221020600830134, -0.027278970415284345, 0.08427093177522113, 0.05520669129359853, -0.14725485636769847, 0.04187744796521716, 0.2605305817873719, -0.0630130514036864, 0.19520096927062497, -0.4612045034172607, -0.2414078510617121, 0.03399214211718312, 0.17949283600319177, 0.15295554866763547, -0.0004669687797694088, -0.29834736538743906, 0.06275808655818065, -0.1135747724898405, -0.10921189099406967, -0.1349062553535287, -0.001347087405540131, 0.030144867972742028, -0.23659527070492833, 0.13290765381080435, 0.08647279557004407, 0.09163366787514271, -0.069993835259843, -0.1334303316128041, -0.06067392126923161, 0.134283762906197, 0.09393842997551374, 0.04660367260202203, 0.12165095418650698, -0.11062766055341114, -0.11344419663342145, 0.3508850821283656, 0.01037997207322905, -0.16738315524308237, 0.23911777943127102, -0.2329719204196238, -0.08074576006485866, 0.16770319176766163, 0.186158149554343, 0.11096830131834025, -0.1191708936744912, 0.030914180387568834, 0.07130696493262363, 0.22027499620690122, 0.0486523446033371, 0.14092741707713435, 0.2903606353102477, 0.17822715372440742, 0.035131893519844325, 0.10591197311801447, -0.0752662440079423, -0.16370153419960004, -0.20660964774216045, -0.06761908244756101, -0.17645618123012585, 0.01889496764096503, -0.10505090169749315, -0.150441737518042, 0.4053586113502036, 0.19261042105806683, 0.18836191997627963, -0.059032872752900555, 0.17283541383221745, 0.05219753465876188, 0.0970262345131282, 0.025264249669367467, 0.29490392381878017, 0.0933885628774578, 0.09674592935838379, -0.2907451197433357, 0.12273220811550925, -0.014348163893753355] |
709.3559 | Implementation of standard testbeds for numerical relativity | We discuss results that have been obtained from the implementation of the
initial round of testbeds for numerical relativity which was proposed in the
first paper of the Apples with Apples Alliance. We present benchmark results
for various codes which provide templates for analyzing the testbeds and to
draw conclusions about various features of the codes. This allows us to sharpen
the initial test specifications, design a new test and add theoretical insight.
| gr-qc | we discuss results that have been obtained from the implementation of the initial round of testbeds for numerical relativity which was proposed in the first paper of the apples with apples alliance we present benchmark results for various codes which provide templates for analyzing the testbeds and to draw conclusions about various features of the codes this allows us to sharpen the initial test specifications design a new test and add theoretical insight | [['we', 'discuss', 'results', 'that', 'have', 'been', 'obtained', 'from', 'the', 'implementation', 'of', 'the', 'initial', 'round', 'of', 'testbeds', 'for', 'numerical', 'relativity', 'which', 'was', 'proposed', 'in', 'the', 'first', 'paper', 'of', 'the', 'apples', 'with', 'apples', 'alliance', 'we', 'present', 'benchmark', 'results', 'for', 'various', 'codes', 'which', 'provide', 'templates', 'for', 'analyzing', 'the', 'testbeds', 'and', 'to', 'draw', 'conclusions', 'about', 'various', 'features', 'of', 'the', 'codes', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'sharpen', 'the', 'initial', 'test', 'specifications', 'design', 'a', 'new', 'test', 'and', 'add', 'theoretical', 'insight']] | [-0.06894057491564587, -0.04304916430775025, -0.14395549476516675, 0.05035329619518239, -0.07905852047037588, -0.15753377051003378, 0.036800498721725625, 0.3532847344862578, -0.17588781178865123, -0.36156568135300726, 0.12505669430478744, -0.2536164501154467, -0.12370950103839477, 0.26669287278431736, -0.05631610555957033, 0.09140422294707332, 0.1248310450719644, -0.03740438751594087, -0.08461340339152679, -0.28336049185121714, 0.33124758650178776, 0.11825003727556091, 0.25842325816135087, 0.06068581705019899, 0.04781220668021028, -0.050350524376669564, -0.06993742333406149, -0.006032039385850299, -0.19918247105680129, 0.14347092621028423, 0.24778487556295037, 0.23081554232280038, 0.25666155941682317, -0.43570056402009644, -0.1803887533151532, 0.027151968189808605, 0.08678959324726299, 0.16636398925497006, -0.10522375539047261, -0.30058479189158305, 0.13265792466700077, -0.18794412669815022, -0.13069085341763415, -0.10587045018344302, -0.01595245915056806, 0.05886427823562583, -0.2933434735320202, -0.05895651933060934, 0.04079696209463354, 0.041618286313055315, -0.07822261686988609, -0.15285709019342106, 0.04903914071045408, 0.21532362423301354, 0.05136908588082568, -0.010748607265979869, 0.05227629299441429, -0.08740848664207103, -0.1669293552484006, 0.3881546832519035, -0.0017872528517491196, -0.16711248822306116, 0.2045912782483007, -0.10088576552496381, -0.16790368434118286, 0.028672668865996682, 0.2249269792682504, 0.07730904507310424, -0.14910635599636868, 0.02260527830436979, -0.06826850619447762, 0.1645467249191787, 0.05287571118391846, 0.01968841978080877, 0.1717096118460575, 0.1889046797120612, -0.01170782032039986, 0.17422637280255351, -0.07125676531752903, -0.08138299067440914, -0.308494513892658, -0.17089803322945554, -0.12062357709908934, -0.0008869188588929095, -0.08045244445882367, -0.11450266452148965, 0.4363519027159383, 0.2698585604993652, 0.15156531619699035, 0.09104501393827776, 0.2887921049578549, 0.015723633490604898, 0.04852613742935331, 0.08273831025174219, 0.25861566896512084, 0.08693846486100595, 0.09220166124837244, -0.1604626135715628, 0.05063629147839056, 0.001798557353601472] |
709.356 | On The Density Estimation by Super-Parametric Method | The super-parametric density estimators and its related algorism were
suggested by Y. -S. Tsai et al [7]. The number of parameters is unlimited in
the super- parametric estimators and it is a general theory in sense of
unifying or connecting nonparametric and parametric estimators. Before applying
to numerical examples, we can not give any comment of the estimators. In this
paper, we will focus on the implementation, the computer programming, of the
algorism and strategies of choosing window functions. B-splines, Bezier splines
and covering windows are studied as well. According to the criterion of the
convergence conditions for Parzen window, the number of the window functions
shall be, roughly, proportional to the number of samples and so is the number
of the variables. Since the algorism is designed for solving the optimization
of likelihood function, there will be a set of nonlinear equations with a large
number of variables. The results show that algorism suggested by Y. -S. Tsai is
very powerful and effective in the sense of mathematics, that is, the iteration
procedures converge and the rates of convergence are very fast. Also, the
numerical results of different window functions show that the approach of
super-parametric density estimators has ushered a new era of statistics.
| stat.CO | the superparametric density estimators and its related algorism were suggested by y s tsai et al 7 the number of parameters is unlimited in the super parametric estimators and it is a general theory in sense of unifying or connecting nonparametric and parametric estimators before applying to numerical examples we can not give any comment of the estimators in this paper we will focus on the implementation the computer programming of the algorism and strategies of choosing window functions bsplines bezier splines and covering windows are studied as well according to the criterion of the convergence conditions for parzen window the number of the window functions shall be roughly proportional to the number of samples and so is the number of the variables since the algorism is designed for solving the optimization of likelihood function there will be a set of nonlinear equations with a large number of variables the results show that algorism suggested by y s tsai is very powerful and effective in the sense of mathematics that is the iteration procedures converge and the rates of convergence are very fast also the numerical results of different window functions show that the approach of superparametric density estimators has ushered a new era of statistics | [['the', 'superparametric', 'density', 'estimators', 'and', 'its', 'related', 'algorism', 'were', 'suggested', 'by', 'y', 's', 'tsai', 'et', 'al', '7', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'parameters', 'is', 'unlimited', 'in', 'the', 'super', 'parametric', 'estimators', 'and', 'it', 'is', 'a', 'general', 'theory', 'in', 'sense', 'of', 'unifying', 'or', 'connecting', 'nonparametric', 'and', 'parametric', 'estimators', 'before', 'applying', 'to', 'numerical', 'examples', 'we', 'can', 'not', 'give', 'any', 'comment', 'of', 'the', 'estimators', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'will', 'focus', 'on', 'the', 'implementation', 'the', 'computer', 'programming', 'of', 'the', 'algorism', 'and', 'strategies', 'of', 'choosing', 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709.3561 | Observations of the Optical Afterglow of GRB 050319 : Wind to ISM
transition in view | The collapse of a massive star is believed to be the most probable progenitor
of a long GRB. Such a star is expected to modify its environment by stellar
wind. The effect of such a circum-stellar wind medium is expected to be seen in
the evolution of a GRB afterglow, but has so far not been conclusively found.
We claim that a signature of wind to constant density medium transition of
circum-burst medium is visible in the afterglow of GRB 050319. Along with the
optical observations of the afterglow of GRB 050319 we present a model for the
multiband afterglow of GRB 050319. We show that the break seen in optical light
curve at $\sim$ 0.02 day could be explained as being due to wind to constant
density medium transition of circum-burst medium, in which case, to our
knowledge, this could be the first ever detection of such a transition at any
given frequency band. Detection of such a transition could also serve as a
confirmation of massive star collapse scenario for GRB progenitors, independent
of supernova signatures.
| astro-ph | the collapse of a massive star is believed to be the most probable progenitor of a long grb such a star is expected to modify its environment by stellar wind the effect of such a circumstellar wind medium is expected to be seen in the evolution of a grb afterglow but has so far not been conclusively found we claim that a signature of wind to constant density medium transition of circumburst medium is visible in the afterglow of grb 050319 along with the optical observations of the afterglow of grb 050319 we present a model for the multiband afterglow of grb 050319 we show that the break seen in optical light curve at sim 002 day could be explained as being due to wind to constant density medium transition of circumburst medium in which case to our knowledge this could be the first ever detection of such a transition at any given frequency band detection of such a transition could also serve as a confirmation of massive star collapse scenario for grb progenitors independent of supernova signatures | [['the', 'collapse', 'of', 'a', 'massive', 'star', 'is', 'believed', 'to', 'be', 'the', 'most', 'probable', 'progenitor', 'of', 'a', 'long', 'grb', 'such', 'a', 'star', 'is', 'expected', 'to', 'modify', 'its', 'environment', 'by', 'stellar', 'wind', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'circumstellar', 'wind', 'medium', 'is', 'expected', 'to', 'be', 'seen', 'in', 'the', 'evolution', 'of', 'a', 'grb', 'afterglow', 'but', 'has', 'so', 'far', 'not', 'been', 'conclusively', 'found', 'we', 'claim', 'that', 'a', 'signature', 'of', 'wind', 'to', 'constant', 'density', 'medium', 'transition', 'of', 'circumburst', 'medium', 'is', 'visible', 'in', 'the', 'afterglow', 'of', 'grb', '050319', 'along', 'with', 'the', 'optical', 'observations', 'of', 'the', 'afterglow', 'of', 'grb', '050319', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'multiband', 'afterglow', 'of', 'grb', '050319', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'break', 'seen', 'in', 'optical', 'light', 'curve', 'at', 'sim', '002', 'day', 'could', 'be', 'explained', 'as', 'being', 'due', 'to', 'wind', 'to', 'constant', 'density', 'medium', 'transition', 'of', 'circumburst', 'medium', 'in', 'which', 'case', 'to', 'our', 'knowledge', 'this', 'could', 'be', 'the', 'first', 'ever', 'detection', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'transition', 'at', 'any', 'given', 'frequency', 'band', 'detection', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'transition', 'could', 'also', 'serve', 'as', 'a', 'confirmation', 'of', 'massive', 'star', 'collapse', 'scenario', 'for', 'grb', 'progenitors', 'independent', 'of', 'supernova', 'signatures']] | [-0.09682674825929231, 0.1379983618102047, -0.09349818123253377, 0.11069470793505859, -0.14887423406281833, -0.09147085084872886, 0.049716022405825726, 0.45838858796220816, -0.19538168741319475, -0.303191826521848, 0.06073743359217148, -0.27335984970369703, -0.039927733313878264, 0.179348098363968, -0.007906962902902553, -0.02687475022701599, 0.059578868597772054, -0.03787698972122639, -0.05405089686418036, -0.20650675592766132, 0.26862276291600273, 0.09671728700671471, 0.151374558705295, 0.04843235289510549, 0.0548131005404245, -0.09267764886464464, -0.0020538148541510985, -0.03544611080152014, -0.09815230660751695, -0.02376267034037227, 0.23084938146405803, 0.15025844957886017, 0.2051931016115744, -0.39083498476721934, -0.31169830359978956, 0.11868472379014901, 0.20418935952828465, 0.07462787277292816, -0.06768535681361898, -0.2770051022434314, 0.0516633584969834, -0.2500696865674318, -0.20501763581591292, 0.0948891336401778, 0.032642470123350954, 0.034485995847982974, -0.23694089508296273, 0.09596094689276358, -0.0006585345561668445, 0.034634674491172426, -0.06872435829803619, 0.03603985979420583, -0.03825682748483201, 0.03611631855483721, 0.06960902553969953, 0.09717343496734256, 0.13472994403610153, -0.16491961891872786, -0.017611403053880176, 0.49346649575601803, -0.10175266075000335, 0.02963011071682395, 0.19331680083244496, -0.20625779768347405, -0.16140596709852473, 0.17047189222910347, 0.14940387052431536, 0.06813266774733666, -0.13617185506841503, -0.05566163235762565, -0.029081499911687767, 0.1729110445901804, -0.006784526941240922, 0.09058311092851225, 0.32556450284567523, 0.18335599302617686, -0.005960251421803672, 0.09015468444565332, -0.1622878754527172, 0.04625582732417192, -0.28060686602675766, -0.14462869385194577, -0.21819799374579713, 0.15402728768748694, -0.12397552532761284, -0.1424965965038354, 0.38040318141764634, 0.13389063324632772, 0.19829742038319034, 0.0002788962577888219, 0.2771891386279564, 0.11905940873430665, 0.07340703237529718, 0.13244955005710213, 0.3616787039863176, 0.12021017097214007, 0.11263955687957533, -0.1930509694783917, 0.16070048202069873, -0.008348751305654812] |
709.3562 | The quantitative behaviour of polynomial orbits on nilmanifolds | A theorem of Leibman asserts that a polynomial orbit
$(g(1),g(2),g(3),\ldots)$ on a nilmanifold $G/\Gamma$ is always equidistributed
in a union of closed sub-nilmanifolds of $G/\Gamma$. In this paper we give a
quantitative version of Leibman's result, describing the uniform distribution
properties of a finite polynomial orbit $(g(1),\ldots,g(N))$ in a nilmanifold.
More specifically we show that there is a factorization $g = \epsilon
g'\gamma$, where $\epsilon(n)$ is "smooth", $\gamma(n)$ is periodic and
"rational", and $(g'(a),g'(a+d),\ldots,g'(a + d(l-1)))$ is uniformly
distributed (up to a specified error $\delta$) inside some subnilmanifold
$G'/\Gamma'$ of $G/\Gamma$, for all sufficiently dense arithmetic progressions
$a,a+d,\ldots,a+d(l-1)$ inside $\{1,..,N\}$.
Our bounds are uniform in $N$ and are polynomial in the error tolerance
delta. In a subsequent paper we shall use this theorem to establish the Mobius
and Nilsequences conjecture from our earlier paper "Linear equations in
primes".
| math.NT math.DS | a theorem of leibman asserts that a polynomial orbit g1g2g3ldots on a nilmanifold ggamma is always equidistributed in a union of closed subnilmanifolds of ggamma in this paper we give a quantitative version of leibmans result describing the uniform distribution properties of a finite polynomial orbit g1ldotsgn in a nilmanifold more specifically we show that there is a factorization g epsilon ggamma where epsilonn is smooth gamman is periodic and rational and gagadldotsga dl1 is uniformly distributed up to a specified error delta inside some subnilmanifold ggamma of ggamma for all sufficiently dense arithmetic progressions aadldotsadl1 inside 1n our bounds are uniform in n and are polynomial in the error tolerance delta in a subsequent paper we shall use this theorem to establish the mobius and nilsequences conjecture from our earlier paper linear equations in primes | [['a', 'theorem', 'of', 'leibman', 'asserts', 'that', 'a', 'polynomial', 'orbit', 'g1g2g3ldots', 'on', 'a', 'nilmanifold', 'ggamma', 'is', 'always', 'equidistributed', 'in', 'a', 'union', 'of', 'closed', 'subnilmanifolds', 'of', 'ggamma', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'give', 'a', 'quantitative', 'version', 'of', 'leibmans', 'result', 'describing', 'the', 'uniform', 'distribution', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'finite', 'polynomial', 'orbit', 'g1ldotsgn', 'in', 'a', 'nilmanifold', 'more', 'specifically', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'factorization', 'g', 'epsilon', 'ggamma', 'where', 'epsilonn', 'is', 'smooth', 'gamman', 'is', 'periodic', 'and', 'rational', 'and', 'gagadldotsga', 'dl1', 'is', 'uniformly', 'distributed', 'up', 'to', 'a', 'specified', 'error', 'delta', 'inside', 'some', 'subnilmanifold', 'ggamma', 'of', 'ggamma', 'for', 'all', 'sufficiently', 'dense', 'arithmetic', 'progressions', 'aadldotsadl1', 'inside', '1n', 'our', 'bounds', 'are', 'uniform', 'in', 'n', 'and', 'are', 'polynomial', 'in', 'the', 'error', 'tolerance', 'delta', 'in', 'a', 'subsequent', 'paper', 'we', 'shall', 'use', 'this', 'theorem', 'to', 'establish', 'the', 'mobius', 'and', 'nilsequences', 'conjecture', 'from', 'our', 'earlier', 'paper', 'linear', 'equations', 'in', 'primes']] | [-0.2314408567450695, 0.11627031895043256, -0.13551080323640227, 0.05585496642269454, -0.0548338552687837, -0.11711664234338574, 0.052172483245538935, 0.3623439847643292, -0.28122285578775313, -0.17931741062378467, 0.07686707218693815, -0.26626466591337106, -0.12513220084780582, 0.20948854362404393, -0.1626114780011103, 0.03503912377402244, 0.09151137396404448, 0.0941934435296255, -0.07612642727777824, -0.3008701409278221, 0.31162203530069843, -0.0698563824299463, 0.15904342165115729, 0.06428468887253787, 0.07526393813738065, -0.017980568583823683, 0.002387553210687903, -0.0010929930442583192, -0.18949355822935965, 0.09359406541614224, 0.2839535378323969, 0.06879628770587634, 0.2824843328702444, -0.35419903901340655, -0.10633647686426434, 0.19989251058057758, 0.15851931645518688, 0.01124609310663659, -0.03274992708526931, -0.222007236248532, 0.18222233675449162, -0.14803469004903652, -0.18538794600469774, -0.03630121489882996, 0.0893579053281005, 0.046101918158865024, -0.3176334762382646, 0.04365601929359485, 0.17731972574797827, 0.1015809583538591, -0.0021625450747304186, -0.07365918857254838, 0.024947985880394544, 0.05444388979930402, -0.009143415358379599, 0.12382044247893054, 0.04473060040279876, -0.04286372459082063, -0.05145003687673386, 0.3779591142322666, -0.09313184615628894, -0.2260047716427912, 0.06416228986453525, -0.1820297420039311, -0.21658886746185751, 0.11357991565957434, 0.13464200458409945, 0.15679184220687942, -0.04854367125432852, 0.219578046306549, -0.1543958084513397, 0.1432295929795752, 0.1390894319674419, -0.014782943773668173, 0.095778125587331, 0.09699108560078655, 0.14262018100062543, 0.12758576710773414, 0.02495211637362318, -0.02044262201344782, -0.3814631157605223, -0.16101314499252295, -0.18170131668863573, 0.15080488162736097, -0.13826418290403852, -0.22446973720662902, 0.3311103793481986, 0.05709332182945669, 0.19314790557521258, 0.1604011198072586, 0.25374017753674427, 0.08292782962387212, -0.02406463703698327, 0.12133797256333768, 0.1057072457211731, 0.16742629001761766, -0.0316644593271925, -0.11353219294732855, 0.001139481847946958, 0.17784307578708544] |
709.3563 | The extragalactic radio-source population at 95 GHz | We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 95GHz to carry
out continuum observations of 130 extragalactic radio sources selected from the
Australia Telescope 20GHz (AT20G) survey. Over 90% of these sources are
detected at 95 GHz, and we use a triple-correlation method to measure
simultaneous 20 and 95 GHz flux densities. We show that the ATCA can measure
95GHz flux densities to ~10% accuracy in a few minutes for sources above
~50mJy.
The median 20-95GHz spectral index does not vary significantly with flux
density for extragalactic sources with S20>150 mJy. This allows us to estimate
the extragalactic radio source counts at 95GHz by combining our observed
20-95GHz spectral-index distribution with the accurate 20GHz source counts
measured in the AT20G survey. The resulting 95GHz source counts down to 80 mJy
are significantly lower than those found by several previous studies. The main
reason is that most radio sources with flat or rising spectra in the frequency
range 5-20GHz show a spectral turnover between 20 and 95 GHz. As a result,
there are fewer 95GHz sources (by almost a factor of two at 0.1 Jy) than would
be predicted on the basis of extrapolation from the source populations seen in
lower-frequency surveys. We also derive the predicted confusion noise in CMB
surveys at 95GHz and find a value 20-30% lower than previous estimates.
The 95GHz source population at the flux levels probed by this study is
dominated by QSOs with a median redshift z~1. We find a correlation between
optical magnitude and 95GHz flux density which suggests that many of the
brightest 95 GHz sources are relativistically beamed, with both the optical and
millimetre continuum significantly brightened by Doppler boosting.
| astro-ph | we have used the australia telescope compact array atca at 95ghz to carry out continuum observations of 130 extragalactic radio sources selected from the australia telescope 20ghz at20g survey over 90 of these sources are detected at 95 ghz and we use a triplecorrelation method to measure simultaneous 20 and 95 ghz flux densities we show that the atca can measure 95ghz flux densities to 10 accuracy in a few minutes for sources above 50mjy the median 2095ghz spectral index does not vary significantly with flux density for extragalactic sources with s20150 mjy this allows us to estimate the extragalactic radio source counts at 95ghz by combining our observed 2095ghz spectralindex distribution with the accurate 20ghz source counts measured in the at20g survey the resulting 95ghz source counts down to 80 mjy are significantly lower than those found by several previous studies the main reason is that most radio sources with flat or rising spectra in the frequency range 520ghz show a spectral turnover between 20 and 95 ghz as a result there are fewer 95ghz sources by almost a factor of two at 01 jy than would be predicted on the basis of extrapolation from the source populations seen in lowerfrequency surveys we also derive the predicted confusion noise in cmb surveys at 95ghz and find a value 2030 lower than previous estimates the 95ghz source population at the flux levels probed by this study is dominated by qsos with a median redshift z1 we find a correlation between optical magnitude and 95ghz flux density which suggests that many of the brightest 95 ghz sources are relativistically beamed with both the optical and millimetre continuum significantly brightened by doppler boosting | [['we', 'have', 'used', 'the', 'australia', 'telescope', 'compact', 'array', 'atca', 'at', '95ghz', 'to', 'carry', 'out', 'continuum', 'observations', 'of', '130', 'extragalactic', 'radio', 'sources', 'selected', 'from', 'the', 'australia', 'telescope', '20ghz', 'at20g', 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709.3564 | Formation of the Galactic globular clusters with He-rich stars in
low-mass halos virialized at high redshift | Recent observations have reported that the Galactic globular clusters (GCs)
with unusually extended horizontal-branch (EHB) morphologies show a
significantly lower velocity dispersion compared with that of the entire
Galactic GC system. We consider that the observed distinctive kinematics of GCs
with EHB has valuable information on the formation epochs of GCs and
accordingly discuss this observational result based on cosmological N-body
simulations with a model of GC formation. We assume that GCs in galaxies were
initially formed in low-mass halos at high redshifts and we investigate final
kinematics of GCs in their host halos at $z=0$. We find that GCs formed in
halos virialized at z>10 show lower velocity dispersions on average than those
formed at z>6 for halos with GCs at z=0. We thus suggest that the origin of the
observed lower velocity dispersion for the Galactic GCs with EHBs is closely
associated with earlier formation epochs (z>10) of halos initially hosting the
GCs in the course of the Galaxy formation. Considering that the origin of EHBs
can be due to the presence of helium-enhanced second-generation stars in GCs,
we discuss the longstanding second parameter problem of GCs in the context of
different degrees of chemical pollution in GC-forming gas clouds within
low-mass halos virialized at different redshifts.
| astro-ph | recent observations have reported that the galactic globular clusters gcs with unusually extended horizontalbranch ehb morphologies show a significantly lower velocity dispersion compared with that of the entire galactic gc system we consider that the observed distinctive kinematics of gcs with ehb has valuable information on the formation epochs of gcs and accordingly discuss this observational result based on cosmological nbody simulations with a model of gc formation we assume that gcs in galaxies were initially formed in lowmass halos at high redshifts and we investigate final kinematics of gcs in their host halos at z0 we find that gcs formed in halos virialized at z10 show lower velocity dispersions on average than those formed at z6 for halos with gcs at z0 we thus suggest that the origin of the observed lower velocity dispersion for the galactic gcs with ehbs is closely associated with earlier formation epochs z10 of halos initially hosting the gcs in the course of the galaxy formation considering that the origin of ehbs can be due to the presence of heliumenhanced secondgeneration stars in gcs we discuss the longstanding second parameter problem of gcs in the context of different degrees of chemical pollution in gcforming gas clouds within lowmass halos virialized at different redshifts | [['recent', 'observations', 'have', 'reported', 'that', 'the', 'galactic', 'globular', 'clusters', 'gcs', 'with', 'unusually', 'extended', 'horizontalbranch', 'ehb', 'morphologies', 'show', 'a', 'significantly', 'lower', 'velocity', 'dispersion', 'compared', 'with', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'entire', 'galactic', 'gc', 'system', 'we', 'consider', 'that', 'the', 'observed', 'distinctive', 'kinematics', 'of', 'gcs', 'with', 'ehb', 'has', 'valuable', 'information', 'on', 'the', 'formation', 'epochs', 'of', 'gcs', 'and', 'accordingly', 'discuss', 'this', 'observational', 'result', 'based', 'on', 'cosmological', 'nbody', 'simulations', 'with', 'a', 'model', 'of', 'gc', 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709.3565 | Control of Goos-Hanchen shift of a light beam via a coherent driving
field | We present a proposal to manipulate the Goos-Hanchen shift of a light beam
via a coherent control field, which is injected into a cavity configuration
containing the two-level atomic medium. It is found that the lateral shifts of
the reflected and transmitted probe beams can be easily controlled by adjusting
the intensity and detuning of the control field. Using this scheme, the lateral
shift at the fixed incident angle can be enhanced (positive or negative) under
the suitable conditions on the control field, without changing the structure of
the cavity.
| physics.optics | we present a proposal to manipulate the gooshanchen shift of a light beam via a coherent control field which is injected into a cavity configuration containing the twolevel atomic medium it is found that the lateral shifts of the reflected and transmitted probe beams can be easily controlled by adjusting the intensity and detuning of the control field using this scheme the lateral shift at the fixed incident angle can be enhanced positive or negative under the suitable conditions on the control field without changing the structure of the cavity | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'proposal', 'to', 'manipulate', 'the', 'gooshanchen', 'shift', 'of', 'a', 'light', 'beam', 'via', 'a', 'coherent', 'control', 'field', 'which', 'is', 'injected', 'into', 'a', 'cavity', 'configuration', 'containing', 'the', 'twolevel', 'atomic', 'medium', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'the', 'lateral', 'shifts', 'of', 'the', 'reflected', 'and', 'transmitted', 'probe', 'beams', 'can', 'be', 'easily', 'controlled', 'by', 'adjusting', 'the', 'intensity', 'and', 'detuning', 'of', 'the', 'control', 'field', 'using', 'this', 'scheme', 'the', 'lateral', 'shift', 'at', 'the', 'fixed', 'incident', 'angle', 'can', 'be', 'enhanced', 'positive', 'or', 'negative', 'under', 'the', 'suitable', 'conditions', 'on', 'the', 'control', 'field', 'without', 'changing', 'the', 'structure', 'of', 'the', 'cavity']] | [-0.1681996860386183, 0.2478075817744765, -0.08842596155591309, -0.004357792717766844, -0.05582562286872417, -0.17916755452752114, 0.05336401369163973, 0.44891025953822666, -0.3206650063654201, -0.2998165062525206, 0.053514601222963795, -0.1974490232610454, -0.07210249232076522, 0.2150195526968067, -0.0031670953561034466, -0.0025441142213013437, 0.013155326495567958, -0.0023395891663514907, -0.020287476849949193, -0.13126350123461128, 0.33381790668289696, 0.064754634981768, 0.3073340363593565, 0.06049072930472903, 0.1281003517823087, 0.04995690741472774, 0.043808556943420424, 0.04644609276826183, -0.05916083977087207, 0.10725741038461112, 0.15924689385574312, 0.039220333991882704, 0.23910455294212118, -0.41703051233457195, -0.21665464479010552, 0.07738833053347965, 0.14493568732642517, 0.1671450969284504, -0.08431721654875825, -0.3283900941204694, 0.020154942799773482, -0.090690823411569, -0.1701211887049592, -0.015370722911838029, -0.046163360817202674, 0.04038289851612515, -0.3045453979510866, -0.01990554202347994, 0.009480864554643632, 0.05230956049636006, -0.02782578625354088, -0.017454827690704, -0.043759075720380576, 0.11950832640027834, -0.020960317640047934, 0.06158127183896593, 0.2309428752813902, -0.10826061959637122, -0.06600825193648537, 0.3698344144866698, -0.10799459947480096, -0.21076178743193547, 0.07602436595285932, -0.1808001467388951, 0.05537038564475046, 0.18402347822104478, 0.18012583202992877, 0.11181903853495088, -0.10346004298124979, 0.029319556961612155, -0.02161824094235069, 0.21492703000290525, 0.15134915531509452, 0.040716042602434756, 0.23223456951479118, 0.11512582601151533, 0.09930211780592799, 0.17856829879650224, -0.11122502664155844, -0.045869409111845824, -0.281489443173632, -0.10981927746518826, -0.15176405978078644, 0.04820169439125392, -0.04792845439030013, -0.10994898551143706, 0.43124077634561725, 0.11593660622214277, 0.1725337612753113, -0.07077534672571346, 0.3570758411039909, 0.19720747945830225, 0.10147379392551051, 0.0017146078352299002, 0.26898506778395836, 0.1549960936549016, 0.10180552089069453, -0.31986282259846727, 0.06650426124946938, -0.04707300789240334] |
709.3566 | The shape of hyperbolic Dehn surgery space | In this paper we develop a new theory of infinitesimal harmonic deformations
for compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds with ``tubular boundary''. In particular,
this applies to complements of tubes of radius at least $R_0 =
\arctanh(1/\sqrt{3}) \approx 0.65848$ around the singular set of hyperbolic
cone manifolds, removing the previous restrictions on cone angles.
We then apply this to obtain a new quantitative version of Thurston's
hyperbolic Dehn surgery theorem, showing that all generalized Dehn surgery
coefficients outside a disc of ``uniform'' size yield hyperbolic structures.
Here the size of a surgery coefficient is measured using the Euclidean metric
on a horospherical cross section to a cusp in the complete hyperbolic metric,
rescaled to have area 1. We also obtain good estimates on the change in
geometry (e.g. volumes and core geodesic lengths) during hyperbolic Dehn
filling.
This new harmonic deformation theory has also been used by Bromberg and his
coworkers in their proofs of the Bers Density Conjecture for Kleinian groups.
| math.GT math.DG | in this paper we develop a new theory of infinitesimal harmonic deformations for compact hyperbolic 3manifolds with tubular boundary in particular this applies to complements of tubes of radius at least r_0 arctanh1sqrt3 approx 065848 around the singular set of hyperbolic cone manifolds removing the previous restrictions on cone angles we then apply this to obtain a new quantitative version of thurstons hyperbolic dehn surgery theorem showing that all generalized dehn surgery coefficients outside a disc of uniform size yield hyperbolic structures here the size of a surgery coefficient is measured using the euclidean metric on a horospherical cross section to a cusp in the complete hyperbolic metric rescaled to have area 1 we also obtain good estimates on the change in geometry eg volumes and core geodesic lengths during hyperbolic dehn filling this new harmonic deformation theory has also been used by bromberg and his coworkers in their proofs of the bers density conjecture for kleinian groups | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'develop', 'a', 'new', 'theory', 'of', 'infinitesimal', 'harmonic', 'deformations', 'for', 'compact', 'hyperbolic', '3manifolds', 'with', 'tubular', 'boundary', 'in', 'particular', 'this', 'applies', 'to', 'complements', 'of', 'tubes', 'of', 'radius', 'at', 'least', 'r_0', 'arctanh1sqrt3', 'approx', '065848', 'around', 'the', 'singular', 'set', 'of', 'hyperbolic', 'cone', 'manifolds', 'removing', 'the', 'previous', 'restrictions', 'on', 'cone', 'angles', 'we', 'then', 'apply', 'this', 'to', 'obtain', 'a', 'new', 'quantitative', 'version', 'of', 'thurstons', 'hyperbolic', 'dehn', 'surgery', 'theorem', 'showing', 'that', 'all', 'generalized', 'dehn', 'surgery', 'coefficients', 'outside', 'a', 'disc', 'of', 'uniform', 'size', 'yield', 'hyperbolic', 'structures', 'here', 'the', 'size', 'of', 'a', 'surgery', 'coefficient', 'is', 'measured', 'using', 'the', 'euclidean', 'metric', 'on', 'a', 'horospherical', 'cross', 'section', 'to', 'a', 'cusp', 'in', 'the', 'complete', 'hyperbolic', 'metric', 'rescaled', 'to', 'have', 'area', '1', 'we', 'also', 'obtain', 'good', 'estimates', 'on', 'the', 'change', 'in', 'geometry', 'eg', 'volumes', 'and', 'core', 'geodesic', 'lengths', 'during', 'hyperbolic', 'dehn', 'filling', 'this', 'new', 'harmonic', 'deformation', 'theory', 'has', 'also', 'been', 'used', 'by', 'bromberg', 'and', 'his', 'coworkers', 'in', 'their', 'proofs', 'of', 'the', 'bers', 'density', 'conjecture', 'for', 'kleinian', 'groups']] | [-0.15298261767281637, 0.10092038430500394, -0.13148422620127884, 0.08170518436236307, -0.11624260624357237, -0.10513249123230195, 0.007912156398211105, 0.3513234784969917, -0.2385165333831444, -0.22547147311240387, 0.12005449257095535, -0.280350259205219, -0.15381341956433459, 0.2469743449264803, -0.1831836879510098, 0.05625590767102459, 0.0490853291673538, 0.051555771162757315, -0.11391678685173154, -0.2544433994454523, 0.37257776531474424, -0.014842185900003338, 0.2016214095026207, 0.1303449738293122, 0.10355446409159459, 0.022124802162393164, -0.015836924848815378, 0.06536341632585017, -0.24065454840796846, 0.13658667933971932, 0.23050179638607332, 0.000532967699631953, 0.1964433448156342, -0.3803953107637473, -0.1959803338141706, 0.0917988504545811, 0.11198613244004008, 0.01869297332655734, -0.0403225423330859, -0.2671074998887399, 0.07737383363135637, -0.11980042613756198, -0.2480804169168457, -0.039443726120039053, 0.045298892936000645, -0.0027802520437548175, -0.15733905042258975, 0.06121663416650755, 0.095560980695061, 0.08596384370078643, -0.04460722746966311, -0.08725264760402915, -0.024765202911415447, 0.1258440340588538, 0.042821230281753324, 0.052295543757888176, 0.12280624238057779, -0.04671988617748213, -0.08283237293877531, 0.3335663659620481, -0.05189997202997359, -0.2655682695271352, 0.10359647453655131, -0.18849415744308573, -0.179173458405645, 0.18802217786343625, 0.19563064044222045, 0.1521030886571493, -0.06146103535026599, 0.12814665890525645, -0.09591355891778874, 0.11153990522628494, 0.18432014669554356, -0.06433011410244478, 0.14112551577795202, 0.10973637981880575, 0.11811605973306517, 0.13733641175741257, -0.04543198275869378, -0.041473271301350534, -0.3338262359014688, -0.20744511517337882, -0.13460747702330805, 0.14006708898486045, -0.1524005294297986, -0.21943522550431319, 0.362976868219005, -0.005798047668157289, 0.19210765700644025, 0.1533846611676451, 0.2582839421886139, 0.034046176310650295, 0.0744984504327966, 0.08486653610956497, 0.21225085717219955, 0.16810355248908776, 0.009572498536167236, -0.12057355303803864, -0.052107560949829906, 0.21214766086837372] |
709.3567 | Magnetoinductive breathers in magnetic metamaterials | The existence and stability of discrete breathers (DBs) in one-dimensional
and two-dimensional magnetic metamaterials (MMs), which consist of periodic
arrangem ents (arrays) of split-ring resonators (SRRs), is investigated
numerically. We consider different configurations of the SRR arrays, which are
related to the relative orientation of the SRRs in the MM, both in one and two
spatial dimensions. In the latter case we also consider anisotropic MMs. Using
standard numerical methods we construct several types of linearly stable
breather excitations both in Hamiltonian and dissipative MMs (dissipative
breathers). The study of stability in both cases is performed using standard
Floquet analysi s. In both cases we found that the increase of dimensionality
from one to two spatial dimensions does not destroy the DBs, which may also
exist in the case of moderate anisotropy (in two dimensions). In dissipative
MMs, the dynamics is governed by a power balance between the mainly Ohmic
dissipation and driving by an alternating magnetic field. In that case it is
demonstrated that DB excitation locally alters the magnetic response of MMs
from paramagnetic to diamagnetic. Moreover, when the frequency of the applied
field approaches the SRR resonance frequency, the magnetic response of the MM
in the region of the DB excitation may even become negative (extreme
diamagnetic).
| cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.other | the existence and stability of discrete breathers dbs in onedimensional and twodimensional magnetic metamaterials mms which consist of periodic arrangem ents arrays of splitring resonators srrs is investigated numerically we consider different configurations of the srr arrays which are related to the relative orientation of the srrs in the mm both in one and two spatial dimensions in the latter case we also consider anisotropic mms using standard numerical methods we construct several types of linearly stable breather excitations both in hamiltonian and dissipative mms dissipative breathers the study of stability in both cases is performed using standard floquet analysi s in both cases we found that the increase of dimensionality from one to two spatial dimensions does not destroy the dbs which may also exist in the case of moderate anisotropy in two dimensions in dissipative mms the dynamics is governed by a power balance between the mainly ohmic dissipation and driving by an alternating magnetic field in that case it is demonstrated that db excitation locally alters the magnetic response of mms from paramagnetic to diamagnetic moreover when the frequency of the applied field approaches the srr resonance frequency the magnetic response of the mm in the region of the db excitation may even become negative extreme diamagnetic | [['the', 'existence', 'and', 'stability', 'of', 'discrete', 'breathers', 'dbs', 'in', 'onedimensional', 'and', 'twodimensional', 'magnetic', 'metamaterials', 'mms', 'which', 'consist', 'of', 'periodic', 'arrangem', 'ents', 'arrays', 'of', 'splitring', 'resonators', 'srrs', 'is', 'investigated', 'numerically', 'we', 'consider', 'different', 'configurations', 'of', 'the', 'srr', 'arrays', 'which', 'are', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'relative', 'orientation', 'of', 'the', 'srrs', 'in', 'the', 'mm', 'both', 'in', 'one', 'and', 'two', 'spatial', 'dimensions', 'in', 'the', 'latter', 'case', 'we', 'also', 'consider', 'anisotropic', 'mms', 'using', 'standard', 'numerical', 'methods', 'we', 'construct', 'several', 'types', 'of', 'linearly', 'stable', 'breather', 'excitations', 'both', 'in', 'hamiltonian', 'and', 'dissipative', 'mms', 'dissipative', 'breathers', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'stability', 'in', 'both', 'cases', 'is', 'performed', 'using', 'standard', 'floquet', 'analysi', 's', 'in', 'both', 'cases', 'we', 'found', 'that', 'the', 'increase', 'of', 'dimensionality', 'from', 'one', 'to', 'two', 'spatial', 'dimensions', 'does', 'not', 'destroy', 'the', 'dbs', 'which', 'may', 'also', 'exist', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'moderate', 'anisotropy', 'in', 'two', 'dimensions', 'in', 'dissipative', 'mms', 'the', 'dynamics', 'is', 'governed', 'by', 'a', 'power', 'balance', 'between', 'the', 'mainly', 'ohmic', 'dissipation', 'and', 'driving', 'by', 'an', 'alternating', 'magnetic', 'field', 'in', 'that', 'case', 'it', 'is', 'demonstrated', 'that', 'db', 'excitation', 'locally', 'alters', 'the', 'magnetic', 'response', 'of', 'mms', 'from', 'paramagnetic', 'to', 'diamagnetic', 'moreover', 'when', 'the', 'frequency', 'of', 'the', 'applied', 'field', 'approaches', 'the', 'srr', 'resonance', 'frequency', 'the', 'magnetic', 'response', 'of', 'the', 'mm', 'in', 'the', 'region', 'of', 'the', 'db', 'excitation', 'may', 'even', 'become', 'negative', 'extreme', 'diamagnetic']] | [-0.19882361247577673, 0.17758655461325515, 0.006764382507499073, 0.01598889559759322, -0.005544843743802701, -0.13238423531830024, -0.02242521659453098, 0.40225793292592976, -0.24566274362611742, -0.2618850979094668, 0.08880937908627633, -0.24974599162089653, -0.14820595728548397, 0.19600907604970433, 0.024185581905356773, 0.012204870616495249, 0.0035853775202382156, 0.016523753364844886, -0.025568125711007108, -0.18865648116511496, 0.2949758189390661, 0.009631910635797297, 0.31035485723762263, 0.026995506229841912, 0.046304506817742605, -0.037835643341053944, 0.06687693804916409, 0.05764962537541402, -0.10943122380446156, 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709.3568 | Hawking-Page Phase Transition of black Dp-branes and R-charged black
holes with an IR Cutoff | We show that the confinement-deconfinement phase transition of supersymmetric
Yang-Mills theories with 16 supercharges in various dimensions can be realized
through the Hawking-Page phase transition between the near horizon geometries
of black Dp-branes and BPS Dp-branes by removing a small radius region in the
geometry in order to realize a confinement phase, which generalizes the
Herzog's discussion for the holographic hard-wall AdS/QCD model. Removing a
small radius region in the gravitational dual corresponds to introducing an IR
cutoff in the dual field theory. We also discuss the Hawking-Page phase
transition between thermal $AdS_5$, $AdS_4$, $AdS_7$ spaces and R-charged AdS
black holes coming from the spherical reduction of the decoupling limit of
rotating D3-, M2-, and M5- branes in type IIB supergravity and 11 dimensional
supergravity in grand canonical ensembles, where the IR cutoff also plays a
crucial role in the existence of the phase transition.
| hep-th | we show that the confinementdeconfinement phase transition of supersymmetric yangmills theories with 16 supercharges in various dimensions can be realized through the hawkingpage phase transition between the near horizon geometries of black dpbranes and bps dpbranes by removing a small radius region in the geometry in order to realize a confinement phase which generalizes the herzogs discussion for the holographic hardwall adsqcd model removing a small radius region in the gravitational dual corresponds to introducing an ir cutoff in the dual field theory we also discuss the hawkingpage phase transition between thermal ads_5 ads_4 ads_7 spaces and rcharged ads black holes coming from the spherical reduction of the decoupling limit of rotating d3 m2 and m5 branes in type iib supergravity and 11 dimensional supergravity in grand canonical ensembles where the ir cutoff also plays a crucial role in the existence of the phase transition | [['we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'confinementdeconfinement', 'phase', 'transition', 'of', 'supersymmetric', 'yangmills', 'theories', 'with', '16', 'supercharges', 'in', 'various', 'dimensions', 'can', 'be', 'realized', 'through', 'the', 'hawkingpage', 'phase', 'transition', 'between', 'the', 'near', 'horizon', 'geometries', 'of', 'black', 'dpbranes', 'and', 'bps', 'dpbranes', 'by', 'removing', 'a', 'small', 'radius', 'region', 'in', 'the', 'geometry', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'realize', 'a', 'confinement', 'phase', 'which', 'generalizes', 'the', 'herzogs', 'discussion', 'for', 'the', 'holographic', 'hardwall', 'adsqcd', 'model', 'removing', 'a', 'small', 'radius', 'region', 'in', 'the', 'gravitational', 'dual', 'corresponds', 'to', 'introducing', 'an', 'ir', 'cutoff', 'in', 'the', 'dual', 'field', 'theory', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'the', 'hawkingpage', 'phase', 'transition', 'between', 'thermal', 'ads_5', 'ads_4', 'ads_7', 'spaces', 'and', 'rcharged', 'ads', 'black', 'holes', 'coming', 'from', 'the', 'spherical', 'reduction', 'of', 'the', 'decoupling', 'limit', 'of', 'rotating', 'd3', 'm2', 'and', 'm5', 'branes', 'in', 'type', 'iib', 'supergravity', 'and', '11', 'dimensional', 'supergravity', 'in', 'grand', 'canonical', 'ensembles', 'where', 'the', 'ir', 'cutoff', 'also', 'plays', 'a', 'crucial', 'role', 'in', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'the', 'phase', 'transition']] | [-0.12732874285429716, 0.20091631785125455, -0.05728333818180294, 0.1087620863498285, -0.029405551914382596, -0.15905592809270683, 0.024938499636081014, 0.3090315798811358, -0.10123179990734006, -0.25520887453879776, 0.10026985528108118, -0.2931195096530277, -0.1477604176527981, 0.06688036796444193, -0.08532217724714428, -0.0045941135902278895, -0.0821753137455932, 0.031233424338480007, -0.18840298176550402, -0.19524321791812263, 0.35159695664549184, 0.01949271931581938, 0.2838576184778378, 0.026406433995299298, 0.053046729857230496, -0.025625377167257126, 0.08252339193533206, 0.02701908480697151, -0.17053866812413365, 0.054835552955046295, 0.24205847814165313, 0.03950912294234952, 0.07894655234212505, -0.4254190993142025, -0.25431386310735654, 0.1112517814216172, 0.19697526661068973, 0.1474994399649059, -0.04493217752315104, -0.26843045303790736, 0.009541115484196405, -0.1854204477999231, -0.18846863851208112, -0.04062913219235709, 0.0261704911293205, -0.13207451696025915, -0.2502554027977849, 0.0854259509364432, 0.028267406784640303, 0.0009125540771617971, -0.07299402523464683, -0.027988415485215856, -0.08937315398401677, 0.08400789639302368, 0.12622757497452328, 0.09408394325653027, 0.15650480326329325, -0.1679311063147154, -0.11354715274968023, 0.3161325139025676, -0.060009025270922174, -0.14164092355279317, 0.140700472457784, -0.19508261810988187, -0.13266774359127056, 0.13742388046571408, 0.08439011805337565, 0.19522290347978988, -0.09526168941199009, 0.211677142886188, 0.039216849138831784, 0.17155920061250698, 0.16249011990068288, 0.08798096071093761, 0.3580890412024897, 0.1528023073698619, 0.021061018758838805, 0.22136479435600984, -0.07190245996261466, -0.18001327289324576, -0.43569233603775503, -0.12321976642525787, -0.10717532165862363, 0.09177071937873703, -0.2554077538657644, -0.1666411806668701, 0.2970847947651456, 0.08735298719377546, 0.20079715653274466, 0.0016143410185608885, 0.15881047195984263, 0.05757168667021625, 0.04439868462304103, 0.06405250828528519, 0.328107045724153, 0.14850432395710256, 0.1546086576582607, -0.2847214493306418, -0.23428049583052252, 0.24112782581580866] |
709.3569 | Rational Approximation for a Quasilinear Parabolic Equation | Approximation theorems, analogous to known results for linear elliptic
equations, are obtained for solutions of the heat equation. Via the Cole-Hopf
transformation, this gives rise to approximation theorems for a nonlinear
parabolic equation, Burgers' equation.
| math.AP math-ph math.MP | approximation theorems analogous to known results for linear elliptic equations are obtained for solutions of the heat equation via the colehopf transformation this gives rise to approximation theorems for a nonlinear parabolic equation burgers equation | [['approximation', 'theorems', 'analogous', 'to', 'known', 'results', 'for', 'linear', 'elliptic', 'equations', 'are', 'obtained', 'for', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'heat', 'equation', 'via', 'the', 'colehopf', 'transformation', 'this', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'approximation', 'theorems', 'for', 'a', 'nonlinear', 'parabolic', 'equation', 'burgers', 'equation']] | [-0.1099195380429072, -0.009148032444396189, -0.1567542321447815, 0.11533959145059011, -0.1875450578651258, -0.20694752930264387, -0.020997824519872664, 0.18664653290595326, -0.347064765223435, -0.1997592503471034, 0.09343031815120152, -0.34816599562764167, -0.14451016475047385, 0.31348238896046365, 0.0022678172748003688, 0.16501781160810164, 0.058990437138293474, -0.013607930338808468, -0.15609872142917344, -0.2227448913135699, 0.3077226848474571, -0.09628779904118606, 0.2372670829296112, -0.005650385309542929, 0.1978887659364513, -0.024847481825522013, -0.0195781348140112, -0.041907428737197605, -0.22995323432343348, 0.05534883652414594, 0.33170955649444034, -0.055780407254185, 0.22488551028072834, -0.42605739810637067, -0.22846523959721837, 0.047907033512767934, 0.12964931544182556, 0.17253564404589788, -0.05137781186827591, -0.28311297856271267, 0.03955453964216368, -0.05195013468286821, -0.3225631734090192, -0.12251165383495391, -0.016806506884417365, 0.12044834915016378, -0.33220293165317605, 0.22402095583830878, 0.19551345410623722, -0.094042389148048, -0.21051286617293954, -0.06346753367355891, 0.011065155826508999, -0.042587323180798976, 0.049113068789509794, -0.019045686163008214, -0.022060283632682903, -0.1295971711365772, -0.08316890908671278, 0.36335585713386537, -0.10603458886700017, -0.33231295166271074, 0.07996039220264979, -0.044742839384291855, -0.09043287148566119, 0.1656181666467871, 0.1802725023057844, 0.12305854202381201, -0.20456886259572846, 0.14405276687549692, -0.08172536878181355, 0.052829239730324065, 0.1383910495920905, -0.05977961773584996, -0.011400949289756162, 0.07710161762578147, 0.09298435407025474, 0.16406379686003283, 0.10946973195033415, -0.21225915032305886, -0.353420529620988, -0.144989516798939, -0.07539260004247939, 0.18741631199206624, -0.15101669301678028, -0.22478140273264477, 0.3425690901066576, 0.08227782938629388, 0.08489628402250153, 0.10457165749477489, 0.21669809046600547, 0.36273993205811295, -0.028450044457401548, 0.05940071532885278, 0.1943270694464445, 0.3419653763196298, 0.18838590287071252, -0.22143539336643048, -0.019539705251476594, 0.3200420637748071] |
709.357 | Torische Ideale von Flusspolytopen | In dieser Diplomarbeit werden einige Gradschranken f\"ur Erzeugendensysteme
und Gr\"obnerbasen von torischen Idealen von Flusspolytopen bewiesen. Alle
torischen Ideale von Flusspolytopen sind im Grad 3 erzeugt. Glatte
(3x4)-Transportpolytope sind sogar im Grad 2 erzeugt. Die reduzierte
Gr\"obnerbasis eines beliebigen (m \times n)-Transportpolytops bez\"uglich
einer beliebigen umgekehrt lexikographischen Termordnung hat h\"ochstens Grad
mn/2. Wir konstruieren auch ein Beispiel, f\"ur das diese Schranke ann\"ahernd
scharf ist.
-----
In this Diplomarbeit (Master's thesis), we prove some degree bounds for
generating sets and Gr\"obner bases of toric ideals of flow polytopes. All
toric ideals of flow polytopes are generated in degree three. Smooth
(3x4)-transportation polytopes are even generated in degree 2. The reduced
Gr\"obner basis of an arbitrary (m \times n)-transportation polytope with
respect to an arbitrary reverse lexikographic term order has at most degree
mn/2. We also construct an example, for which this bound is almost sharp.
| math.CO math.AC | in dieser diplomarbeit werden einige gradschranken fur erzeugendensysteme und grobnerbasen von torischen idealen von flusspolytopen bewiesen alle torischen ideale von flusspolytopen sind im grad 3 erzeugt glatte 3x4transportpolytope sind sogar im grad 2 erzeugt die reduzierte grobnerbasis eines beliebigen m times ntransportpolytops bezuglich einer beliebigen umgekehrt lexikographischen termordnung hat hochstens grad mn2 wir konstruieren auch ein beispiel fur das diese schranke annahernd scharf ist in this diplomarbeit masters thesis we prove some degree bounds for generating sets and grobner bases of toric ideals of flow polytopes all toric ideals of flow polytopes are generated in degree three smooth 3x4transportation polytopes are even generated in degree 2 the reduced grobner basis of an arbitrary m times ntransportation polytope with respect to an arbitrary reverse lexikographic term order has at most degree mn2 we also construct an example for which this bound is almost sharp | [['in', 'dieser', 'diplomarbeit', 'werden', 'einige', 'gradschranken', 'fur', 'erzeugendensysteme', 'und', 'grobnerbasen', 'von', 'torischen', 'idealen', 'von', 'flusspolytopen', 'bewiesen', 'alle', 'torischen', 'ideale', 'von', 'flusspolytopen', 'sind', 'im', 'grad', '3', 'erzeugt', 'glatte', '3x4transportpolytope', 'sind', 'sogar', 'im', 'grad', '2', 'erzeugt', 'die', 'reduzierte', 'grobnerbasis', 'eines', 'beliebigen', 'm', 'times', 'ntransportpolytops', 'bezuglich', 'einer', 'beliebigen', 'umgekehrt', 'lexikographischen', 'termordnung', 'hat', 'hochstens', 'grad', 'mn2', 'wir', 'konstruieren', 'auch', 'ein', 'beispiel', 'fur', 'das', 'diese', 'schranke', 'annahernd', 'scharf', 'ist', 'in', 'this', 'diplomarbeit', 'masters', 'thesis', 'we', 'prove', 'some', 'degree', 'bounds', 'for', 'generating', 'sets', 'and', 'grobner', 'bases', 'of', 'toric', 'ideals', 'of', 'flow', 'polytopes', 'all', 'toric', 'ideals', 'of', 'flow', 'polytopes', 'are', 'generated', 'in', 'degree', 'three', 'smooth', '3x4transportation', 'polytopes', 'are', 'even', 'generated', 'in', 'degree', '2', 'the', 'reduced', 'grobner', 'basis', 'of', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'm', 'times', 'ntransportation', 'polytope', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'reverse', 'lexikographic', 'term', 'order', 'has', 'at', 'most', 'degree', 'mn2', 'we', 'also', 'construct', 'an', 'example', 'for', 'which', 'this', 'bound', 'is', 'almost', 'sharp']] | [-0.1605983290973787, 0.0754624643579148, -0.043697262465113164, 0.003811489480580574, -0.006788151498896325, -0.23969463583708336, -0.10107532987140316, 0.23391340451317105, -0.2536203758595347, -0.12081163680125274, 0.09279772149196999, -0.4024253228794685, -0.0693483116013509, 0.15600868501181228, -0.1988595448665123, -0.005998484900559142, 0.022247983884494917, -0.05537117350088284, -0.029113802212018487, -0.3302169856491738, 0.27585350587733287, 0.024784188503317074, 0.210390841308157, 0.06938288754791813, 0.10074867905669771, 0.034084851420855364, 0.060067066910421164, -0.047532308032835084, -0.26525065758619953, 0.06131694402207777, 0.3080293709675955, 0.147333153065055, 0.25114163458841826, -0.3831954782177587, 0.017785787409319815, 0.15354092176838785, 0.08893466074703739, 0.01961623522374713, 0.06302731361990152, -0.25343546973112807, 0.10802736036083867, -0.29038480152963225, -0.12666078874907266, -0.06303639670182844, 0.08742593265544475, 0.020014477671181734, -0.30926391240044504, 0.0775322528466875, 0.12885621574550735, 0.19503425315962034, -0.012421761662081149, -0.2406860729494025, -0.08184328795188164, -0.02144105028797897, -0.17994536679707862, 0.11885724654029725, 0.02424721060881177, -0.05198035333140762, -0.10596333982977209, 0.306843140582859, 0.01594834473598089, -0.1423385817129, 0.10238364299623279, -0.13985026427503444, -0.11309984632545209, 0.05000036083722273, 0.06501384871698652, 0.11960638996905985, -0.05758129803369036, 0.18772623230923643, -0.06886560389353787, 0.08660509959028094, 0.24447307167822016, -0.06661438308573797, 0.049600763073339396, 0.022816698198758922, 0.0354590995764706, 0.04050179708551253, 0.04875691917073806, 0.0319060491113635, -0.21494024438964845, -0.22434134218291651, -0.15306288211717708, 0.161237872708424, -0.09986222456031647, -0.1902049830239019, 0.29469301139490794, 0.029498663452952024, 0.06547792579780902, 0.0859404128648555, 0.1641251865405573, -0.00950760959721772, 0.01942313808651097, 0.1872776050174164, 0.08961286544990396, 0.1467916788286076, 0.0820709670011976, -0.17662083295553066, -0.024858441409877443, 0.25206148843651854] |
709.3571 | On Popoviciu type tormulas for generalized restricted partition function | Suppose that $a_1(n),a_2(n),...,a_s(n),m(n)$ are integer-valued polynomials
in $n$ with positive leading coefficients. This paper presents Popoviciu type
formulas for the generalized restricted partition function
$$p_{A(n)}(m(n)):=#\{(x_1,...,x_s)\in \mathbb{Z}^{s}: all x_j\geqslant 0,
x_1a_1(n)+...+x_sa_s(n)=m(n) \}$$ when $s=2$ or 3. In either case, the formula
implies that the function is an integer-valued quasi-polynomial. The main
result is proved by a reciprocity law for a class of fractional part sums and
the theory of generalized Euclidean division.
| math.NT math.CO | suppose that a_1na_2na_snmn are integervalued polynomials in n with positive leading coefficients this paper presents popoviciu type formulas for the generalized restricted partition function p_anmnx_1x_sin mathbbzs all x_jgeqslant 0 x_1a_1nx_sa_snmn when s2 or 3 in either case the formula implies that the function is an integervalued quasipolynomial the main result is proved by a reciprocity law for a class of fractional part sums and the theory of generalized euclidean division | [['suppose', 'that', 'a_1na_2na_snmn', 'are', 'integervalued', 'polynomials', 'in', 'n', 'with', 'positive', 'leading', 'coefficients', 'this', 'paper', 'presents', 'popoviciu', 'type', 'formulas', 'for', 'the', 'generalized', 'restricted', 'partition', 'function', 'p_anmnx_1x_sin', 'mathbbzs', 'all', 'x_jgeqslant', '0', 'x_1a_1nx_sa_snmn', 'when', 's2', 'or', '3', 'in', 'either', 'case', 'the', 'formula', 'implies', 'that', 'the', 'function', 'is', 'an', 'integervalued', 'quasipolynomial', 'the', 'main', 'result', 'is', 'proved', 'by', 'a', 'reciprocity', 'law', 'for', 'a', 'class', 'of', 'fractional', 'part', 'sums', 'and', 'the', 'theory', 'of', 'generalized', 'euclidean', 'division']] | [-0.170244354236109, 0.1017460531088132, -0.06313296836433989, 0.04213372057931723, -0.06081056755007894, -0.17318134808517766, -0.02311785377308049, 0.2608388124005587, -0.3050257620034796, -0.18831631502755705, 0.10087530971786966, -0.25625510468627466, -0.23280332885880137, 0.17985796357970685, -0.06718853139208283, 0.02037453772076829, -0.04236437799761805, 0.06546546702244968, -0.06340834564021365, -0.2733982225428476, 0.33435592183730367, -0.06362878178796647, 0.20378401462750678, 0.05953381445512853, 0.08815853711161198, 0.05769866457293657, -0.049308117268965085, -0.027218304264048736, -0.1462811302672807, 0.06330904125052532, 0.2557763026067705, 0.07981272452426227, 0.278295636995498, -0.356636098275582, -0.13614449476484547, 0.2104458767553848, 0.157501519368397, -0.006777061057756796, 0.0004922374589086482, -0.1806882576784119, 0.12774736723495703, -0.19311534823624021, -0.19620956496730674, -0.01909798689214795, 0.10305349492453829, 0.06520509958323656, -0.3516323627113844, 0.07714999782514166, 0.14821792670850162, 0.06254230431196364, -0.06210767511617054, -0.18003319585554753, 0.061926444907757366, 0.05729720481383882, 0.019845897832772498, 0.07805849462006749, -0.0026989261845521855, -0.07466892330469846, -0.13271729276995314, 0.32892945911170857, -0.07067630267313992, -0.2905896051247096, 0.05809100784156754, -0.19383906108101434, -0.17780879493379456, 0.09836613635222118, 0.07344285749378755, 0.18025114373306156, -0.08112856397642507, 0.1690035608983387, -0.12168563742924368, 0.11359001334869501, 0.11391055174030815, 0.006788578773425384, 0.13833290128704076, 0.004523316451179033, 0.09294955637023757, 0.18640494438339816, 0.02348641232079403, -0.09804836976003241, -0.362310210920193, -0.18546463712824113, -0.23306699271250347, 0.14189682017560257, -0.1475522824857211, -0.16366927296092565, 0.3130093607204882, -0.002288815974624771, 0.1613730884749781, 0.20933657293349053, 0.22251932774529312, 0.19831285567135748, 0.041519838977943764, 0.055672746899565966, 0.0981829318810593, 0.16196132965992685, 0.04916961659028223, -0.1236594424258466, 0.07590298785009619, 0.21811565796308446] |
709.3572 | Back-in-time dynamics of the cluster IE 0657-56 (the Bullet System) | We present a simplified dynamical model of the ``Bullet'' system of two
colliding clusters. The model constrains the masses of the system by requiring
that the orbits of the main and sub components satisfy the cosmological initial
conditions of vanishing physical separation a Hubble time ago. This is also
known as the timing argument. The model considers a system embedded in an
over-dense region. We argue that a relative speed of $4500 \rm km/s$ between
the two components is consistent with cosmological conditions if the system is
of a total mass of $2.8\times 10^{15}h^{-1} M_\odot$ is embedded in a region of
a (mild) over-density of 10 times the cosmological background density.
Combining this with the lensing measurements of the projected mass, the model
yields a ratio of 3:1 for the mass of the main relative to that of the
subcomponent. The effect of the background weakens as the relative speed
between the two components is decreased. For relative speeds lower than $\sim
3700\rm km/s$, the timing argument yields masses which are too low to be
consistent with lensing.
| astro-ph | we present a simplified dynamical model of the bullet system of two colliding clusters the model constrains the masses of the system by requiring that the orbits of the main and sub components satisfy the cosmological initial conditions of vanishing physical separation a hubble time ago this is also known as the timing argument the model considers a system embedded in an overdense region we argue that a relative speed of 4500 rm kms between the two components is consistent with cosmological conditions if the system is of a total mass of 28times 1015h1 m_odot is embedded in a region of a mild overdensity of 10 times the cosmological background density combining this with the lensing measurements of the projected mass the model yields a ratio of 31 for the mass of the main relative to that of the subcomponent the effect of the background weakens as the relative speed between the two components is decreased for relative speeds lower than sim 3700rm kms the timing argument yields masses which are too low to be consistent with lensing | [['we', 'present', 'a', 'simplified', 'dynamical', 'model', 'of', 'the', 'bullet', 'system', 'of', 'two', 'colliding', 'clusters', 'the', 'model', 'constrains', 'the', 'masses', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'by', 'requiring', 'that', 'the', 'orbits', 'of', 'the', 'main', 'and', 'sub', 'components', 'satisfy', 'the', 'cosmological', 'initial', 'conditions', 'of', 'vanishing', 'physical', 'separation', 'a', 'hubble', 'time', 'ago', 'this', 'is', 'also', 'known', 'as', 'the', 'timing', 'argument', 'the', 'model', 'considers', 'a', 'system', 'embedded', 'in', 'an', 'overdense', 'region', 'we', 'argue', 'that', 'a', 'relative', 'speed', 'of', '4500', 'rm', 'kms', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'components', 'is', 'consistent', 'with', 'cosmological', 'conditions', 'if', 'the', 'system', 'is', 'of', 'a', 'total', 'mass', 'of', '28times', '1015h1', 'm_odot', 'is', 'embedded', 'in', 'a', 'region', 'of', 'a', 'mild', 'overdensity', 'of', '10', 'times', 'the', 'cosmological', 'background', 'density', 'combining', 'this', 'with', 'the', 'lensing', 'measurements', 'of', 'the', 'projected', 'mass', 'the', 'model', 'yields', 'a', 'ratio', 'of', '31', 'for', 'the', 'mass', 'of', 'the', 'main', 'relative', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'subcomponent', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'background', 'weakens', 'as', 'the', 'relative', 'speed', 'between', 'the', 'two', 'components', 'is', 'decreased', 'for', 'relative', 'speeds', 'lower', 'than', 'sim', '3700rm', 'kms', 'the', 'timing', 'argument', 'yields', 'masses', 'which', 'are', 'too', 'low', 'to', 'be', 'consistent', 'with', 'lensing']] | [-0.16665754429281646, 0.13157410272180475, -0.0826858396334997, 0.05549048887637169, -0.008765686485937542, -0.06706665762480539, 0.009924175988999195, 0.3253282835939899, -0.19515649555780162, -0.3426435813096098, 0.08592917132310421, -0.2450909348606894, -0.011999287078982557, 0.20704824932512234, -0.028888064317884113, -0.02126220069211823, 0.060878291456240484, 0.04652284381088314, -0.10714436558323955, -0.21298180568026676, 0.33444962644716725, 0.06531695949061858, 0.19063479494599794, 0.0218286640857431, 0.14145052710294045, -0.08194525219071445, -0.025031574587708084, 0.024524288627700033, -0.12958214872721577, 0.08157453369990848, 0.1155017715645954, 0.14465890218773644, 0.24328327713407238, -0.33379260246345605, -0.18547362967299044, 0.09566623898056358, 0.14599559316940774, 0.08079402843974424, -0.023258162058317048, -0.2744399935843169, 0.10791280460332266, -0.18280119825530247, -0.1723739705762868, 0.06692521273296072, 0.039209112564673305, 0.027374549334953455, -0.2629301531150387, 0.18043976197391617, 0.0407107150610748, -0.0006182040286313912, -0.0931000898364635, -0.09158109578923111, -0.061701608768833634, 0.07829730705866082, 0.0687660269230202, 0.05576865917166949, 0.14283478407940658, -0.1355302507475823, -0.027313306770255705, 0.40667189315585844, -0.09585463865437305, -0.12082619694410823, 0.20936795383617704, -0.16134205567240398, -0.11763021664195218, 0.13804834958864376, 0.15652764032446695, 0.09632055372243155, -0.1444994893972762, 0.04994492059086042, -0.030274854579395404, 0.2545114071240691, 0.06338068221917968, 0.03431316394496455, 0.25966323786468076, 0.17400052630744706, 0.08692131894767127, 0.08318034077356887, -0.15330338888716968, -0.05160647780708545, -0.3122836495207263, -0.13142532197790305, -0.11833429876093181, 0.03949107965771956, -0.1711301015641518, -0.12189629512034696, 0.3579018657434393, 0.1578205575986596, 0.26010785954316484, 0.08510691442444857, 0.32285511160311714, 0.11792529326008992, 0.0655084932738894, 0.0726317190750375, 0.31212710722518916, 0.17936057879441333, 0.0593993154695702, -0.2227172161563596, 0.03625244614721106, 0.02566279177633326] |
709.3573 | Black hole as an Information Eraser | We discuss the identity of black hole entropy and show that the first law of
black hole thermodynamics, in the case of a Schwarzschild black hole, can be
derived from Landauer's principle by assuming that the black hole is one of the
most efficient information erasers in systems of a given temperature. The term
"most efficient" implies that minimal energy is required to erase a given
amount of information. We calculate the discrete mass spectra and the entropy
of a Schwarzschild black hole assuming that the black hole processes
information in unit of bits. The black hole entropy acquires a sub-leading
contribution proportional to the logarithm of its mass-squared in addition to
the usual mass-squared term without an artificial cutoff. We also argue that
the minimum of the black hole mass is $\sqrt{\log 2/(8\pi)}M_P$.
| hep-th gr-qc | we discuss the identity of black hole entropy and show that the first law of black hole thermodynamics in the case of a schwarzschild black hole can be derived from landauers principle by assuming that the black hole is one of the most efficient information erasers in systems of a given temperature the term most efficient implies that minimal energy is required to erase a given amount of information we calculate the discrete mass spectra and the entropy of a schwarzschild black hole assuming that the black hole processes information in unit of bits the black hole entropy acquires a subleading contribution proportional to the logarithm of its masssquared in addition to the usual masssquared term without an artificial cutoff we also argue that the minimum of the black hole mass is sqrtlog 28pim_p | [['we', 'discuss', 'the', 'identity', 'of', 'black', 'hole', 'entropy', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'first', 'law', 'of', 'black', 'hole', 'thermodynamics', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'a', 'schwarzschild', 'black', 'hole', 'can', 'be', 'derived', 'from', 'landauers', 'principle', 'by', 'assuming', 'that', 'the', 'black', 'hole', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'efficient', 'information', 'erasers', 'in', 'systems', 'of', 'a', 'given', 'temperature', 'the', 'term', 'most', 'efficient', 'implies', 'that', 'minimal', 'energy', 'is', 'required', 'to', 'erase', 'a', 'given', 'amount', 'of', 'information', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'discrete', 'mass', 'spectra', 'and', 'the', 'entropy', 'of', 'a', 'schwarzschild', 'black', 'hole', 'assuming', 'that', 'the', 'black', 'hole', 'processes', 'information', 'in', 'unit', 'of', 'bits', 'the', 'black', 'hole', 'entropy', 'acquires', 'a', 'subleading', 'contribution', 'proportional', 'to', 'the', 'logarithm', 'of', 'its', 'masssquared', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'usual', 'masssquared', 'term', 'without', 'an', 'artificial', 'cutoff', 'we', 'also', 'argue', 'that', 'the', 'minimum', 'of', 'the', 'black', 'hole', 'mass', 'is', 'sqrtlog', '28pim_p']] | [-0.16617021814016694, 0.08957244276650744, -0.08154567470774055, 0.1524602593482066, -0.05184135586723573, -0.14495276760737083, 0.0672154987609028, 0.2385241537113303, -0.2112017942021804, -0.30785916957135934, 0.0901898258773582, -0.3718832030724314, -0.06842949630734615, 0.1942243866755494, -0.10227773165596384, 0.029226909091790675, -0.018940697968552325, 0.10032879360391289, -0.10967091222020581, -0.20282026914060397, 0.3823398624168695, 0.12036148807264976, 0.21311748116907375, 0.05726773444479121, 0.13074766584020808, -0.0011970865893828914, 0.03120990897724895, 0.028313990633346532, -0.15948226163125487, 0.07387352510726541, 0.18287573715573863, 0.15467582831397317, 0.21759740700174993, -0.38582278156470984, -0.22853742014700756, 0.09226341857189747, 0.11073691154921189, 0.1595743927610968, -0.11185172798210069, -0.16340800185505777, 0.07959756729914282, -0.2626378667729914, -0.12881312969917977, -0.0007020297593304089, 0.0676798953401639, -0.0671485547756223, -0.2413183270596472, 0.1747036941979287, 0.10692841508530808, -0.13005296460920035, -0.09916355660888962, -0.030285210152597802, -0.09447176616351799, 0.10804953646524004, 0.15150351071891313, 0.030820496137870152, 0.19390690327040794, -0.08712192140239522, -0.11170663738875349, 0.3416140885407427, -0.08220445195780157, -0.17346548353132785, 0.08970512604670025, -0.2591056993014102, -0.08479638563651115, 0.1050690113832908, 0.12377007612328332, 0.19211552853117692, -0.1825623346590682, 0.12315130876149646, 0.004296991273872834, 0.24921581087479913, 0.0901264552223055, 0.10550077349696785, 0.36576624376755346, 0.0962304458918428, 0.02954387331479474, 0.17714158196923063, -0.07191005453582909, -0.09183746700252134, -0.3129783249635221, -0.18405735215344607, -0.23375652965746427, 0.11752188525729834, -0.20304508493575127, -0.15212741142832079, 0.29550496307096646, 0.12766814865592055, 0.21296829819553217, 0.022615895244201885, 0.27181504362900005, 0.13186132059829953, 0.06047192002695642, 0.14133801577696786, 0.3092122936964427, 0.10951980968755215, 0.12510870642876043, -0.27387031027872144, -0.027150017342397144, 0.13067443245895824] |
709.3574 | 4 x 4 matrices in Dirac parametrization: inversion problem and
determinant | Parametrization of complex 4 x 4 - matrices G in terms of Dirac tensor
parameters (A,B,A_{l},B_{l},F_{kl}) or equivalent four complex 4-vectors
(k,m,n,l) is investigated. In the given parametrization, the problem of
inverting any 4 x 4 matrix G is solved. Expression for determinant of any
matrix G is found: det G = F(k,m,n,l).
| hep-th | parametrization of complex 4 x 4 matrices g in terms of dirac tensor parameters aba_lb_lf_kl or equivalent four complex 4vectors kmnl is investigated in the given parametrization the problem of inverting any 4 x 4 matrix g is solved expression for determinant of any matrix g is found det g fkmnl | [['parametrization', 'of', 'complex', '4', 'x', '4', 'matrices', 'g', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'dirac', 'tensor', 'parameters', 'aba_lb_lf_kl', 'or', 'equivalent', 'four', 'complex', '4vectors', 'kmnl', 'is', 'investigated', 'in', 'the', 'given', 'parametrization', 'the', 'problem', 'of', 'inverting', 'any', '4', 'x', '4', 'matrix', 'g', 'is', 'solved', 'expression', 'for', 'determinant', 'of', 'any', 'matrix', 'g', 'is', 'found', 'det', 'g', 'fkmnl']] | [-0.21485996999156973, 0.10794243526955445, 0.008432236946343133, 0.047235719585538995, -0.0383930672154141, -0.1848901063979914, -0.06002074143422457, 0.3670361218973994, -0.23284182177546123, -0.3162075122236274, 0.07536594575018778, -0.24949573135624328, -0.21383456595261427, 0.10847949284652714, -0.0004928332249013087, 0.0009856485412456095, 0.06178372830618173, 0.1279149345937185, -0.21870574619000158, -0.2528622692528491, 0.33685572259128094, -0.121211373169596, 0.17801650333179472, 0.03968332258712811, 0.1634035088160696, 0.023926425181950133, -0.025720720179378986, -0.027422040972548228, -0.07350347513177742, 0.07234959407893864, 0.2641637484775856, 0.1419944518711418, 0.1446879619519071, -0.35821622256965685, -0.1729503936561135, 0.1939270247433645, 0.11982149524070944, -0.054081965082635484, 0.05939320640754886, -0.18028796184808016, 0.132116081736361, -0.1437390892727611, -0.1703010518491889, -4.4239985678965844e-05, 0.14856434834655374, -0.10186942534831663, -0.3305002579775949, 0.05447925272164866, 0.020312608326397214, 0.05653332798586538, 0.01825170556548983, -0.2606142411629359, -0.01785571762593463, 0.06357976328096508, -0.060802552339737304, 0.0919557370361872, 0.09341814504781117, -0.10734973335638642, -0.02100219837545107, 0.4196213677835961, -0.0757684017395756, -0.281115135566021, 0.007913689963364353, -0.15619081204931717, -0.12054137970941763, 0.17533145565539598, 0.06263531668810174, 0.1784359902376309, -0.11074470231930415, 0.24961889593396336, -0.0910458222545761, 0.1395376498112455, 0.0981855725015824, -0.11402732473410045, 0.05423958308529109, 0.05850456451298669, 0.06971526183770038, 0.05263693737409388, 0.040978667132245995, 0.08779794165457133, -0.31776175120224553, -0.15399754010528946, -0.24280688787500063, 0.18376203042377406, -0.2105079035682138, -0.139971837187962, 0.3985743358304414, 0.015336907973202566, 0.17289784012367213, 0.019654791181286175, 0.16181078438724703, 0.15103342911849418, 0.03335567866452038, 0.08947406026224296, 0.09367820385765906, 0.26934433887557435, -0.04803588738044103, -0.1681563608775226, 0.009265777616140744, 0.1630657617157946] |
709.3575 | Ferromagnetic behavior in magnetized plasmas | We consider a low-temperature plasma within a newly developed MHD Fluid
model. In addition to the standard terms, the electron spin, quantum particle
dispersion and degeneracy effects are included. It turns out that the electron
spin properties can give rise to Ferromagnetic behavior in certain regimes. If
additional conditions are fulfilled, a homogenous magnetized plasma can even be
unstable. This happen in the low-temperature high-density regime, when the
magnetic properties associated with the spin can overcome the stabilizing
effects of the thermal and Fermi pressure, to cause a Jeans like instability.
| physics.plasm-ph astro-ph | we consider a lowtemperature plasma within a newly developed mhd fluid model in addition to the standard terms the electron spin quantum particle dispersion and degeneracy effects are included it turns out that the electron spin properties can give rise to ferromagnetic behavior in certain regimes if additional conditions are fulfilled a homogenous magnetized plasma can even be unstable this happen in the lowtemperature highdensity regime when the magnetic properties associated with the spin can overcome the stabilizing effects of the thermal and fermi pressure to cause a jeans like instability | [['we', 'consider', 'a', 'lowtemperature', 'plasma', 'within', 'a', 'newly', 'developed', 'mhd', 'fluid', 'model', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'standard', 'terms', 'the', 'electron', 'spin', 'quantum', 'particle', 'dispersion', 'and', 'degeneracy', 'effects', 'are', 'included', 'it', 'turns', 'out', 'that', 'the', 'electron', 'spin', 'properties', 'can', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'ferromagnetic', 'behavior', 'in', 'certain', 'regimes', 'if', 'additional', 'conditions', 'are', 'fulfilled', 'a', 'homogenous', 'magnetized', 'plasma', 'can', 'even', 'be', 'unstable', 'this', 'happen', 'in', 'the', 'lowtemperature', 'highdensity', 'regime', 'when', 'the', 'magnetic', 'properties', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'spin', 'can', 'overcome', 'the', 'stabilizing', 'effects', 'of', 'the', 'thermal', 'and', 'fermi', 'pressure', 'to', 'cause', 'a', 'jeans', 'like', 'instability']] | [-0.15816236616900334, 0.26429111430687563, -0.08796592138625764, 0.10112813763847513, -0.055177851331901256, -0.13575106080375857, -0.014118713329310764, 0.32207672596796527, -0.27470750148807255, -0.26599453430581876, 0.06584449420084379, -0.25369766720949294, -0.07339967236659684, 0.1927244966877829, 0.023800019090381135, 0.011724403660212244, 0.010118447356744782, -0.01828991305492409, -0.08234569960488723, -0.19219654806951, 0.2979759152538583, 0.062275723148659284, 0.26561896022982323, 0.0759205311117182, 0.052194824135237995, -0.053755548905458424, 0.09370842332450244, 0.09583109512843274, -0.16126661005586318, -0.05296151920293386, 0.22617479577496813, -0.07531703313157617, 0.22225379777028337, -0.48728133660260137, -0.2513158303214708, 0.06325843262967172, 0.1697187203514789, 0.1342314454611099, -0.04089704512235975, -0.23241609406969663, 0.03763098327780736, -0.18126112855152116, -0.1982180280610919, -0.11183645486176669, -0.06942338082468608, 3.665602499885219e-05, -0.2846058689385325, 0.13133181580393524, 0.11049356999049721, -0.01036984991323162, -0.07024960074021103, -0.04457307866119503, -0.05697070109238336, 0.0492458689671936, 0.05996718980464061, 0.0015789861279120157, 0.2062740208284295, -0.14930679178080306, -0.047948130508782445, 0.4002966580318881, -0.052216082775535494, -0.18915543449367142, 0.2063579914226596, -0.19962802488397766, -0.09528318653394888, 0.17247175295315273, 0.12841874702864295, 0.045592890753011615, -0.1517898246914898, 0.07481442415795116, -0.015175483358389402, 0.1301759101839347, 0.05816214645005108, 0.060562484713455475, 0.3027827091474127, 0.14335145695636478, 0.019773459880725368, 0.1601885149273305, -0.1310466642927757, -0.0785055468984685, -0.260474691239114, -0.13121071686088057, -0.12144528533035255, 0.06829147613965549, -0.05330100459024914, -0.18703356665651222, 0.3669831262348772, 0.18260878626932645, 0.1340118663661837, -0.08148533151648775, 0.27192671769963844, 0.14276593072841373, 0.03386222931894136, 0.09988008452333756, 0.2772431784606242, 0.17110364409265938, 0.10153558391791123, -0.3034328932536172, 0.05499704875522754, 0.019945348490152386] |
709.3576 | Measuring Quark-Gluon-Plasma Thermalization Time with Dileptons | We calculate the medium dilepton yield from a quark-gluon plasma which has a
time-dependent local momentum-space anisotropy. A phenomenological model for
the hard momentum scale, p_hard(tau), and plasma anisotropy parameter, xi(tau),
is constructed which interpolates between free streaming behavior at early
times (tau << tau_iso) and ideal hydrodynamic behavior at late times (tau >>
tau_iso). We show that high-energy dilepton production is sensitive to the
assumed plasma isotropization time, tau_iso, and can therefore be used to
experimentally determine the time of onset for hydrodynamic expansion of a
quark-gluon plasma and the magnitude of expected early-time momentum-space
anisotropies.
| hep-ph nucl-th | we calculate the medium dilepton yield from a quarkgluon plasma which has a timedependent local momentumspace anisotropy a phenomenological model for the hard momentum scale p_hardtau and plasma anisotropy parameter xitau is constructed which interpolates between free streaming behavior at early times tau tau_iso and ideal hydrodynamic behavior at late times tau tau_iso we show that highenergy dilepton production is sensitive to the assumed plasma isotropization time tau_iso and can therefore be used to experimentally determine the time of onset for hydrodynamic expansion of a quarkgluon plasma and the magnitude of expected earlytime momentumspace anisotropies | [['we', 'calculate', 'the', 'medium', 'dilepton', 'yield', 'from', 'a', 'quarkgluon', 'plasma', 'which', 'has', 'a', 'timedependent', 'local', 'momentumspace', 'anisotropy', 'a', 'phenomenological', 'model', 'for', 'the', 'hard', 'momentum', 'scale', 'p_hardtau', 'and', 'plasma', 'anisotropy', 'parameter', 'xitau', 'is', 'constructed', 'which', 'interpolates', 'between', 'free', 'streaming', 'behavior', 'at', 'early', 'times', 'tau', 'tau_iso', 'and', 'ideal', 'hydrodynamic', 'behavior', 'at', 'late', 'times', 'tau', 'tau_iso', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'highenergy', 'dilepton', 'production', 'is', 'sensitive', 'to', 'the', 'assumed', 'plasma', 'isotropization', 'time', 'tau_iso', 'and', 'can', 'therefore', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'experimentally', 'determine', 'the', 'time', 'of', 'onset', 'for', 'hydrodynamic', 'expansion', 'of', 'a', 'quarkgluon', 'plasma', 'and', 'the', 'magnitude', 'of', 'expected', 'earlytime', 'momentumspace', 'anisotropies']] | [-0.09694371163894079, 0.28115207649963464, -0.19475019617790454, 0.11406147769456239, -0.045601779222488405, -0.09231897475148894, -0.09933777091975667, 0.3400894065240496, -0.2483298617758249, -0.24775659847808512, -0.009402931324745479, -0.2583095496422366, 0.03818894027683296, 0.15878032884854626, 0.10855170705012585, 0.048462886549532416, 0.043794839299823106, -0.013285245986557321, -0.05279277099363849, -0.167878065121017, 0.24489885536880282, 0.13774168845266105, 0.2452142320916449, 0.1155142662164412, 0.09084595056544793, -0.008266361513616222, -0.03706696781170506, 0.02051032841401665, -0.19378734114311794, -0.06485740878668271, 0.2120734698678318, 0.004676030821313983, 0.12174911635290635, -0.4151295342727711, -0.2139044023265964, 0.10323152905820232, 0.18152715522599847, 0.08321688576650463, 0.009227911962232993, -0.18453554262064006, 0.041622435669169615, -0.20586351104766915, -0.14629882267235142, -0.05254318139662868, 0.054007717329812674, -0.046119606509608654, -0.37178785060777475, 0.16316255732978646, -0.036912700033893714, -0.015118706662599977, -0.03001804746638395, -0.057193406102688686, -0.02577276097267474, 0.023380069238574882, 0.10651265310099055, 0.10320405745878816, 0.19987246378962148, -0.1659319555288867, -0.06499673850638302, 0.4098025205888246, -0.10250539740694589, -0.08396875299390798, 0.20761481713699667, -0.2015140281303933, -0.0970628099663085, 0.17826468664172448, 0.188950072562224, 0.08143220238975789, -0.16059423502730696, 0.07529745133054491, 0.0055662962068852625, 0.14117273111631604, 0.08615953468374515, 0.056697337295075784, 0.23214326836168767, 0.16607214688862626, -0.023277717818947215, 0.11298459045662496, -0.08320119053517518, -0.025993085966298454, -0.33728398825777206, -0.10213237661672266, -0.17293808133782526, 0.09851457811401863, -0.15081633661420232, -0.15078306316741202, 0.41268490739166735, 0.1508285917831879, 0.21708757038179197, -0.014725000555872133, 0.26766215562820433, 0.12435753520235027, -0.024222930780562917, 0.1459935399287037, 0.265214231482854, 0.10570745328441263, 0.2069577216709915, -0.31028711517206636, 0.06935710256527129, 0.10935757573890059] |
709.3577 | Wavefunctions of Auger Electrons Emitted from Copper Atoms: A
Computational Study | An elaborate least-squares variational technique is proposed for obtaining
improved continuum wavefunctions of Auger electrons emitted from arbitrary
systems the electronic structures of which are determined via one of the
computer codes available. A computer program is developed on the basis of this
technique for calculating the Auger transition rates using the angular momentum
average scheme. The program is employed for investigating the emission of Auger
electrons as a consequence of K- shell ionizations of two configurations of
copper atoms. A comparison is presented between the improved Auger transitions
and the ones determined using conventional Hartree-Fock codes. The results
emphasize the argument that (3p to 3d3d) is the dominant transition in both
configurations of the copper atoms. There is a minimal change in the values of
the Auger transition rates obtained from these configurations. It is
anticipated that the improved continuum wavefunctions provide closer results to
the experimental ones.
| physics.atom-ph physics.comp-ph | an elaborate leastsquares variational technique is proposed for obtaining improved continuum wavefunctions of auger electrons emitted from arbitrary systems the electronic structures of which are determined via one of the computer codes available a computer program is developed on the basis of this technique for calculating the auger transition rates using the angular momentum average scheme the program is employed for investigating the emission of auger electrons as a consequence of k shell ionizations of two configurations of copper atoms a comparison is presented between the improved auger transitions and the ones determined using conventional hartreefock codes the results emphasize the argument that 3p to 3d3d is the dominant transition in both configurations of the copper atoms there is a minimal change in the values of the auger transition rates obtained from these configurations it is anticipated that the improved continuum wavefunctions provide closer results to the experimental ones | [['an', 'elaborate', 'leastsquares', 'variational', 'technique', 'is', 'proposed', 'for', 'obtaining', 'improved', 'continuum', 'wavefunctions', 'of', 'auger', 'electrons', 'emitted', 'from', 'arbitrary', 'systems', 'the', 'electronic', 'structures', 'of', 'which', 'are', 'determined', 'via', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'computer', 'codes', 'available', 'a', 'computer', 'program', 'is', 'developed', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'this', 'technique', 'for', 'calculating', 'the', 'auger', 'transition', 'rates', 'using', 'the', 'angular', 'momentum', 'average', 'scheme', 'the', 'program', 'is', 'employed', 'for', 'investigating', 'the', 'emission', 'of', 'auger', 'electrons', 'as', 'a', 'consequence', 'of', 'k', 'shell', 'ionizations', 'of', 'two', 'configurations', 'of', 'copper', 'atoms', 'a', 'comparison', 'is', 'presented', 'between', 'the', 'improved', 'auger', 'transitions', 'and', 'the', 'ones', 'determined', 'using', 'conventional', 'hartreefock', 'codes', 'the', 'results', 'emphasize', 'the', 'argument', 'that', '3p', 'to', '3d3d', 'is', 'the', 'dominant', 'transition', 'in', 'both', 'configurations', 'of', 'the', 'copper', 'atoms', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'minimal', 'change', 'in', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'auger', 'transition', 'rates', 'obtained', 'from', 'these', 'configurations', 'it', 'is', 'anticipated', 'that', 'the', 'improved', 'continuum', 'wavefunctions', 'provide', 'closer', 'results', 'to', 'the', 'experimental', 'ones']] | [-0.0909615291326288, 0.11981845435918068, -0.06628675220515454, 0.11388625594652133, 0.0315911456233128, -0.12077202433532716, 0.061079563908966496, 0.3851358424153354, -0.21179057366055304, -0.29151828935832386, 0.02988072540829796, -0.30105046241625444, -0.07780278122502586, 0.21225973615585358, 0.06523061933733473, 0.04410140420985643, 0.09172276296065307, -0.04542006410157539, -0.10826808383263298, -0.18920171665865304, 0.29854139489365505, 0.13296783647981267, 0.280723876876119, 0.07160088538986024, 0.054218780133723214, 0.0013860697446284728, -0.0004810142587095299, -0.008163609923232321, -0.13520118680162646, 0.16261735890879478, 0.25323694715301365, 0.104277204689351, 0.18572121212608964, -0.42732416358370107, -0.20123811354610643, 0.03072319572147657, 0.12128660159385544, 0.16094387633547863, -0.05935113981831819, -0.2962342136033229, 0.023883141252999788, -0.14474024592379994, -0.12598055320316864, -0.041430182317459346, -0.021034431468770407, 0.013315653495628061, -0.278821200144871, 0.03131950639333613, 0.022486797990996215, 0.05547961302964179, -0.08045261246058465, -0.17722209587993237, -0.035149720032549396, 0.13037162807913835, 0.04274939125303754, 0.03647968098333718, 0.13888140433099147, -0.060619782192332536, -0.14004918420062268, 0.3847880392091586, -0.02989834180139255, -0.13992224843202208, 0.16921167437537205, -0.14805037342910435, -0.07865198783501483, 0.21524016493493878, 0.09867053217685863, 0.12631324092363752, -0.12663040483282917, 0.07075197464628645, -0.030260382885825915, 0.1610289957939222, 0.04714857669963346, 0.042104630427897576, 0.16061492192702706, 0.14535177732511556, 0.02813549091001885, 0.12599578428850977, -0.10942135411064646, -0.0793139883145165, -0.262434809999978, -0.14281962628495073, -0.23706593482923888, 0.02688045744727922, -0.04324572673057684, -0.14245503915055036, 0.3800776273242599, 0.09947135000983441, 0.15924090967707386, -0.017756410581434783, 0.2858496122405983, 0.12583737768429712, 0.06843508239022937, 0.0516443089363259, 0.278944614290216, 0.15530434256613304, 0.07575624972431852, -0.2690181032482585, 0.04534190243435086, 0.08755358938602793] |
709.3578 | Emission of K -, L - and M - Auger Electrons from Cu Atoms | The emission of Auger electrons from the K-, L- and M-sheels of two
configurations of copper atoms is investigated in detail within the frame work
of the momentum average technique. Ab initio calculations for the bound state
wavefunctions of the ionized atoms are performed using a Gaussian computer
code. The continuum wavefunctions of the emitted electrons are determined by
employing an effective potential variational approach. Slight differences have
been noticed between the results of both configurations. The transition rates,
energies and widths of all possible Auger electrons are listed in Tables.
Slight differences have been noticed between the results of the two types of
copper atoms.
| physics.atom-ph physics.chem-ph | the emission of auger electrons from the k l and msheels of two configurations of copper atoms is investigated in detail within the frame work of the momentum average technique ab initio calculations for the bound state wavefunctions of the ionized atoms are performed using a gaussian computer code the continuum wavefunctions of the emitted electrons are determined by employing an effective potential variational approach slight differences have been noticed between the results of both configurations the transition rates energies and widths of all possible auger electrons are listed in tables slight differences have been noticed between the results of the two types of copper atoms | [['the', 'emission', 'of', 'auger', 'electrons', 'from', 'the', 'k', 'l', 'and', 'msheels', 'of', 'two', 'configurations', 'of', 'copper', 'atoms', 'is', 'investigated', 'in', 'detail', 'within', 'the', 'frame', 'work', 'of', 'the', 'momentum', 'average', 'technique', 'ab', 'initio', 'calculations', 'for', 'the', 'bound', 'state', 'wavefunctions', 'of', 'the', 'ionized', 'atoms', 'are', 'performed', 'using', 'a', 'gaussian', 'computer', 'code', 'the', 'continuum', 'wavefunctions', 'of', 'the', 'emitted', 'electrons', 'are', 'determined', 'by', 'employing', 'an', 'effective', 'potential', 'variational', 'approach', 'slight', 'differences', 'have', 'been', 'noticed', 'between', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'both', 'configurations', 'the', 'transition', 'rates', 'energies', 'and', 'widths', 'of', 'all', 'possible', 'auger', 'electrons', 'are', 'listed', 'in', 'tables', 'slight', 'differences', 'have', 'been', 'noticed', 'between', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'types', 'of', 'copper', 'atoms']] | [-0.08909631479708921, 0.17965390659062125, -0.035930866807410936, 0.08479692088412343, 0.0728206291218244, -0.09942973544821143, 0.06185819683153005, 0.4586482527710143, -0.19271904910426765, -0.3388279057861794, -0.044484972800793394, -0.3398974399924988, -0.044128920563629694, 0.1746569828595966, 0.08956886948352413, 0.04810071020786252, 0.07810359821610507, -0.021497977307687204, -0.11410261590000507, -0.22596615760897595, 0.2979519506805532, 0.09666565987503245, 0.2575536188447759, 0.09904421343955966, 0.031385372501487534, -0.042012921485695104, -0.02042243020342929, 0.004838742413336323, -0.12900289825629443, 0.12519562314042731, 0.21934252692430856, 0.047757307444477363, 0.21645266198154006, -0.4638178102849495, -0.20323455315748495, 0.028822658678871536, 0.1371402715510201, 0.14232246014511302, -0.05115104826344621, -0.29309924612309607, 0.006558723703381561, -0.15497091481949957, -0.12139914272175659, -0.03519436261794042, 0.026107236601057508, 0.06699214920046784, -0.21123634664164412, 0.07119304766917291, 0.0295068733139141, 0.07790962834780138, -0.09110932898086806, -0.20430367593875243, -0.04550234053749591, 0.11290140081463115, 0.060888902335205955, -0.0023742172645316237, 0.1365751718126592, -0.05530611348027984, -0.13248989426841337, 0.3978476142155982, -0.03718168612214781, -0.1230260857832729, 0.156695661028581, -0.14840735077325787, -0.07308029914718299, 0.20400521644790257, 0.10235770435205528, 0.12374600899361429, -0.1669493257866374, 0.09967906745039813, -0.04718430754506872, 0.14197704813753564, 0.10962751849022295, 0.05861263999804145, 0.19125942644618807, 0.09132726329400959, -0.05407556545078045, 0.11695609071868517, -0.16042244154072943, -0.09968349134294494, -0.2500261734076221, -0.1401440248408887, -0.21627560972480014, 0.0023124874547301305, -0.028083177970533835, -0.1163188110150042, 0.37935947891147365, 0.08155329444756111, 0.16496884895133831, -0.05787024921959355, 0.24345587944789301, 0.10287979971173973, 0.03170760145543942, 0.06652930698667964, 0.2857220099085853, 0.18115264113682011, 0.036513255039850874, -0.25194962895253586, 0.03084942845272876, 0.03572389086087545] |
709.3579 | Spherical Model in a Random Field | We investigate the properties of the Gibbs states and thermodynamic
observables of the spherical model in a random field. We show that on the
low-temperature critical line the magnetization of the model is not a
self-averaging observable, but it self-averages conditionally. We also show
that an arbitrarily weak homogeneous boundary field dominates over fluctuations
of the random field once the model transits into a ferromagnetic phase. As a
result, a homogeneous boundary field restores the conventional self-averaging
of thermodynamic observables, like the magnetization and the susceptibility. We
also investigate the effective field created at the sites of the lattice by the
random field, and show that at the critical temperature of the spherical model
the effective field undergoes a transition into a phase with long-range
correlations $\sim r^{4-d}$.
| cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn math.PR | we investigate the properties of the gibbs states and thermodynamic observables of the spherical model in a random field we show that on the lowtemperature critical line the magnetization of the model is not a selfaveraging observable but it selfaverages conditionally we also show that an arbitrarily weak homogeneous boundary field dominates over fluctuations of the random field once the model transits into a ferromagnetic phase as a result a homogeneous boundary field restores the conventional selfaveraging of thermodynamic observables like the magnetization and the susceptibility we also investigate the effective field created at the sites of the lattice by the random field and show that at the critical temperature of the spherical model the effective field undergoes a transition into a phase with longrange correlations sim r4d | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'gibbs', 'states', 'and', 'thermodynamic', 'observables', 'of', 'the', 'spherical', 'model', 'in', 'a', 'random', 'field', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'on', 'the', 'lowtemperature', 'critical', 'line', 'the', 'magnetization', 'of', 'the', 'model', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'selfaveraging', 'observable', 'but', 'it', 'selfaverages', 'conditionally', 'we', 'also', 'show', 'that', 'an', 'arbitrarily', 'weak', 'homogeneous', 'boundary', 'field', 'dominates', 'over', 'fluctuations', 'of', 'the', 'random', 'field', 'once', 'the', 'model', 'transits', 'into', 'a', 'ferromagnetic', 'phase', 'as', 'a', 'result', 'a', 'homogeneous', 'boundary', 'field', 'restores', 'the', 'conventional', 'selfaveraging', 'of', 'thermodynamic', 'observables', 'like', 'the', 'magnetization', 'and', 'the', 'susceptibility', 'we', 'also', 'investigate', 'the', 'effective', 'field', 'created', 'at', 'the', 'sites', 'of', 'the', 'lattice', 'by', 'the', 'random', 'field', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'at', 'the', 'critical', 'temperature', 'of', 'the', 'spherical', 'model', 'the', 'effective', 'field', 'undergoes', 'a', 'transition', 'into', 'a', 'phase', 'with', 'longrange', 'correlations', 'sim', 'r4d']] | [-0.16546525987869817, 0.23434414252316613, -0.10498898524028344, 0.05163149426665568, 0.012394760940663926, -0.09672551533559293, 0.06459489325428103, 0.34172397490414813, -0.25729158221502, -0.22163741508366788, 0.07356007304684237, -0.27434384362317443, -0.11828462324127204, 0.13661043881988666, 0.06205815931380631, 0.006596682046899411, -0.005216431136675707, 0.09175676589567713, -0.08690545779165232, -0.1939414510224748, 0.34556489790914446, 0.022299030513363325, 0.2908614672808431, 0.06057971028435066, 0.09826516446576813, 0.018920926968133953, 0.08769135303267343, 0.11533156777988737, -0.1525736347447112, 0.006544508963367741, 0.13957736000242665, 0.007688981792559539, 0.2139569729507908, -0.4097550437294357, -0.24511483186254585, 0.1162822232123347, 0.10558671179762859, 0.1428553949947919, -0.023237817008671623, -0.272199445836774, 0.034713809921105544, -0.1189305587107037, -0.15637430263221205, -0.09093605083831417, -0.020199438532279058, 0.01973646713464748, -0.29527430480170086, 0.10424652359884702, 0.1089185264592213, 0.09433872748430319, -0.08386677740633076, -0.05967599481681553, -0.04580137916422618, 0.08128638769221294, 0.04530934384642682, 0.07233721928627003, 0.15093758860676307, -0.16628903756926466, -0.06918884388457133, 0.36381696466737845, -0.09618609033407659, -0.11738148318442303, 0.15242147457320243, -0.20632377673695818, -0.1047626376724032, 0.13960150260786255, 0.12857774494758506, 0.10151347368918946, -0.13144878009847533, 0.12084618781731779, -0.022140357546200317, 0.18106743315689441, -0.01903478991364928, 0.006449876102897536, 0.25404737602303346, 0.12670545934655475, 0.04966799022380527, 0.18626517473947346, -0.1219831386946408, -0.13431753182607725, -0.3102853481885134, -0.1713257438070544, -0.2246801023202853, 0.07456169135542678, -0.14816195151814915, -0.237967151847822, 0.41342136125982276, 0.1961352091069942, 0.218480217798547, 0.030061222066530797, 0.2610014128337402, 0.12562130006143868, 0.0653869477503999, 0.08145086879394656, 0.2437819569613638, 0.1664776548790914, 0.11024033192336177, -0.24368298794766227, 0.04348871629963827, 0.03155236677669986] |
709.358 | Charged particle in the field an electric quadrupole in two dimensions | We obtain analytic solution of the time-independent Schrodinger equation in
two dimensions for a charged particle moving in the field of an electric
quadrupole. The solution is written as a series in terms of special functions
that support a tridiagonal matrix representation for the angular and radial
components of the wave operator. This solution is for all energies, the
discrete (for bound states) as well as the continuous (for scattering states).
The expansion coefficients of the wavefunction are written in terms of
orthogonal polynomials satisfying three-term recursion relations. The charged
particle could become bound to the quadrupole only if its moment exceeds a
certain critical value.
| physics.atom-ph physics.gen-ph | we obtain analytic solution of the timeindependent schrodinger equation in two dimensions for a charged particle moving in the field of an electric quadrupole the solution is written as a series in terms of special functions that support a tridiagonal matrix representation for the angular and radial components of the wave operator this solution is for all energies the discrete for bound states as well as the continuous for scattering states the expansion coefficients of the wavefunction are written in terms of orthogonal polynomials satisfying threeterm recursion relations the charged particle could become bound to the quadrupole only if its moment exceeds a certain critical value | [['we', 'obtain', 'analytic', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'timeindependent', 'schrodinger', 'equation', 'in', 'two', 'dimensions', 'for', 'a', 'charged', 'particle', 'moving', 'in', 'the', 'field', 'of', 'an', 'electric', 'quadrupole', 'the', 'solution', 'is', 'written', 'as', 'a', 'series', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'special', 'functions', 'that', 'support', 'a', 'tridiagonal', 'matrix', 'representation', 'for', 'the', 'angular', 'and', 'radial', 'components', 'of', 'the', 'wave', 'operator', 'this', 'solution', 'is', 'for', 'all', 'energies', 'the', 'discrete', 'for', 'bound', 'states', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'continuous', 'for', 'scattering', 'states', 'the', 'expansion', 'coefficients', 'of', 'the', 'wavefunction', 'are', 'written', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'orthogonal', 'polynomials', 'satisfying', 'threeterm', 'recursion', 'relations', 'the', 'charged', 'particle', 'could', 'become', 'bound', 'to', 'the', 'quadrupole', 'only', 'if', 'its', 'moment', 'exceeds', 'a', 'certain', 'critical', 'value']] | [-0.16304062594624483, 0.14279535281560318, -0.05834592710565424, 0.06941391182470329, -0.05634292371061472, -0.09771335761519676, -0.0332190459822019, 0.28712544313473803, -0.2505588209177455, -0.222365958545849, 0.08570912443233197, -0.30728175749624465, -0.09606583265341678, 0.17745378084770702, 0.04878965513077828, 0.09104940988824105, 0.04831276390424771, 0.10896378748979911, -0.10500441613510463, -0.17390189962549452, 0.3369080014526844, 0.005046682735413032, 0.2275437717831184, 0.06598718507865549, 0.12493144073259999, 0.02436214119617669, 0.04798435555542556, -0.024152640723359754, -0.07745990463136311, 0.08240612298975049, 0.2373060966635404, 0.10584324062362595, 0.22199744107377417, -0.4159239507016708, -0.13303062526804596, 0.10560767713688174, 0.18953715219548992, 0.11810376311494213, -0.048586952131030696, -0.2651590471384379, 0.025487303522960195, -0.17162661454947842, -0.21898274082374178, -0.0981167460690727, 0.07207437313078323, 0.06936285107941279, -0.3418584919868494, 0.10629745327674274, 0.05204365479008664, 0.022372541588924405, -0.13061054533826327, -0.149620979062264, -0.0009967979803716517, 0.07685532195950454, 0.056635927132172685, 0.04390682345519791, 0.07400372685460409, -0.14997896593160717, -0.08057830391565936, 0.3851924014172323, -0.09144768395619292, -0.2980414342556922, 0.09667047205433812, -0.17153933464180468, -0.10796961868796849, 0.0959180784862014, 0.15298221174205812, 0.1344547958798566, -0.14567379598980243, 0.13200278810328664, -0.05972582776138432, 0.11929607887769926, 0.1253224321649814, 0.05736465856239621, 0.1923221013912896, 0.050111513848434076, 0.07651366970554282, 0.12440743267026572, -0.004433635746366081, -0.08666607465612579, -0.3329462519020967, -0.21046293195323879, -0.2337273798349208, 0.050233160638012087, -0.12770365728139504, -0.22871425666161022, 0.42249656839401656, 0.04702857243916336, 0.1753231547289651, 0.06018194261903189, 0.25133927568863584, 0.25277525368080705, 0.045448758643788265, 0.07102740029277245, 0.219664163922645, 0.17946933523778152, 0.09275996236060306, -0.21087723489376312, 0.011616315199545462, 0.15384113809471633] |
709.3581 | Solvable Lie algebras with triangular nilradicals | All finite-dimensional indecomposable solvable Lie algebras $L(n,f)$, having
the triangular algebra T(n) as their nilradical, are constructed. The number of
nonnilpotent elements $f$ in $L(n,f)$ satisfies $1\leq f\leq n-1$ and the
dimension of the Lie algebra is $\dim L(n,f)=f+{1/2}n(n-1)$.
| math.RA math-ph math.MP | all finitedimensional indecomposable solvable lie algebras lnf having the triangular algebra tn as their nilradical are constructed the number of nonnilpotent elements f in lnf satisfies 1leq fleq n1 and the dimension of the lie algebra is dim lnff12nn1 | [['all', 'finitedimensional', 'indecomposable', 'solvable', 'lie', 'algebras', 'lnf', 'having', 'the', 'triangular', 'algebra', 'tn', 'as', 'their', 'nilradical', 'are', 'constructed', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'nonnilpotent', 'elements', 'f', 'in', 'lnf', 'satisfies', '1leq', 'fleq', 'n1', 'and', 'the', 'dimension', 'of', 'the', 'lie', 'algebra', 'is', 'dim', 'lnff12nn1']] | [-0.2508571380749345, 0.14608162982193262, 0.06504145122476314, 0.005179949144612213, -0.16668526786624602, -0.22918063588440418, -0.1579544663821396, 0.38690821323421243, -0.32601853165971606, -0.14838657932552068, 0.1582451638808523, -0.32173067272493716, -0.06556400845568676, 0.13852362300416357, -0.0723541448088853, -0.07945601890892967, -0.014593176078051329, 0.25770270211720153, -0.09943956099940758, -0.33783190068788826, 0.3729506890828672, -0.07477903106911599, 0.14793577530470334, -0.07848571995763402, 0.15277083806301417, 0.022030876802378578, 0.0858190170011336, -0.06264648146584238, -0.19960276039905453, 0.030537475268111416, 0.3988294434782706, 0.07219625410844425, 0.14585175218158647, -0.30297839161204665, -0.008525518675971972, 0.26666029831884724, 0.2017156480394892, -0.12251086792859592, 0.00352216080615395, -0.23840504198482163, 0.10105732328405506, -0.22207779760815596, -0.20077683411440567, -0.022311028485235414, 0.15365880095448933, -0.04923837524103491, -0.24911099569381853, 0.022236974591291266, 0.13958070030141817, 0.1885175973587282, -0.10768120298407187, -0.22106106554795252, -0.18759995855783163, 0.0525165363061732, -0.20481634948182068, 0.027248030173053082, 0.1049306902446245, -0.0030080206128523536, -0.17074414332838436, 0.3493165756502238, 0.10007623274271425, -0.1896638915825047, 0.08835144409615743, -0.25904575595632195, -0.21465412016320778, 0.1046552425250411, -0.026613118050399384, 0.12231898631312345, 0.018917719907078304, 0.3880172502724331, -0.2088665822765937, -0.03082915346481298, 0.09315347738907133, 0.020600794422391214, 0.041288417626147794, 0.10205873905828125, 0.037011211425507146, 0.05844005609029218, 0.13191353093440594, 0.11170945709914361, -0.39942419460337414, -0.1590426332733937, -0.17321133203375594, 0.1991042359609549, -0.17806982497744397, -0.10888340723651804, 0.334195285398317, 0.04526220901722187, 0.14925305761004748, 0.13098626838702904, 0.10635012765660097, 0.08688733079409423, 0.13326850503462515, 0.13531449877068794, 0.07925517330142229, 0.35382175038715724, -0.08663838739065748, -0.14748032646112783, -0.13956554496268692, 0.2988642388219504] |
709.3582 | Selfdual Spin 2 Theory in a 2+1 Dimensional Constant Curvature
Space-Time | The Lagrangian constraint analysis of the selfdual massive spin 2 theory in a
2+1 dimensional flat space-time and its extension to a curved one, are
performed. Demanding consistence of degrees of freedom in the model with
gravitational interaction, gives rise to physical restrictions on non minimal
coupling terms and background. Finally, a constant curvature scenario is
explored, showing the existence of forbidden mass values. Causality in these
spaces is discussed. Aspects related with the construction of the reduced
action and the one-particle exchange amplitude, are noted.
| hep-th | the lagrangian constraint analysis of the selfdual massive spin 2 theory in a 21 dimensional flat spacetime and its extension to a curved one are performed demanding consistence of degrees of freedom in the model with gravitational interaction gives rise to physical restrictions on non minimal coupling terms and background finally a constant curvature scenario is explored showing the existence of forbidden mass values causality in these spaces is discussed aspects related with the construction of the reduced action and the oneparticle exchange amplitude are noted | [['the', 'lagrangian', 'constraint', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'selfdual', 'massive', 'spin', '2', 'theory', 'in', 'a', '21', 'dimensional', 'flat', 'spacetime', 'and', 'its', 'extension', 'to', 'a', 'curved', 'one', 'are', 'performed', 'demanding', 'consistence', 'of', 'degrees', 'of', 'freedom', 'in', 'the', 'model', 'with', 'gravitational', 'interaction', 'gives', 'rise', 'to', 'physical', 'restrictions', 'on', 'non', 'minimal', 'coupling', 'terms', 'and', 'background', 'finally', 'a', 'constant', 'curvature', 'scenario', 'is', 'explored', 'showing', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'forbidden', 'mass', 'values', 'causality', 'in', 'these', 'spaces', 'is', 'discussed', 'aspects', 'related', 'with', 'the', 'construction', 'of', 'the', 'reduced', 'action', 'and', 'the', 'oneparticle', 'exchange', 'amplitude', 'are', 'noted']] | [-0.20681618298620505, 0.15898142783458583, -0.04140316272630941, 0.09036215568275385, -0.08022896689904291, -0.13288939264494665, -0.02139425350672587, 0.3000499139550727, -0.20153773119023374, -0.30877850397874407, 0.08929219308206378, -0.2532882106187212, -0.13567360208456425, 0.12838069630819265, -0.02428865228064878, -0.007057147746774379, 0.014618982033002688, 0.09194563943242957, -0.1164298768718402, -0.24165512882389648, 0.33647532072622155, 0.06255125156184117, 0.24911359070832734, 0.07863562868171653, 0.10310085741044997, 0.016634193833830746, -0.06336654109885743, 0.05284667026987949, -0.13586661333846317, 0.10683903800930049, 0.18392459123982874, 0.0710278442907851, 0.1670229768185595, -0.36907420153621323, -0.23672940783699445, 0.08018054558657282, 0.0971349346895464, 0.10916350028196047, -0.010228581614196734, -0.2807687958377565, 0.025334483618999638, -0.15480491847103073, -0.20458142016472858, -0.05592338578114936, 0.0021896979468333166, -0.06974818613813367, -0.2468676659126961, 0.10215635769892224, 0.05978934490121901, 0.04539636449974983, -0.07987774533441637, -0.08678397808635477, -0.06499443475027071, 0.04659661870493099, 0.10190478000697832, 0.029966853510285187, 0.1025335542630231, -0.11921300087234095, -0.10975876304884116, 0.39772187331474795, -0.06629436033531526, -0.27190420439271906, 0.19223482021520477, -0.1310822272694908, -0.13447825984249628, 0.1394991283684016, 0.12011407532317694, 0.10313208225226506, -0.11564464340268006, 0.19356740119685636, 0.009490799091128243, 0.1371314737222937, 0.09348774393803852, 0.10349846284208429, 0.23126688222725725, 0.12643418151365463, 0.03405334733339936, 0.111540763292375, -0.013823333117829333, -0.16283854962053146, -0.37295421126276945, -0.10977042696829939, -0.12129786049339346, 0.07001155337215899, -0.13719502373461118, -0.15042263072872059, 0.39520957678838003, 0.10707427784976506, 0.15657963124537017, 0.034039933423966516, 0.25065378387740184, 0.11375381813931473, 0.05134398260608662, 0.05206972389308692, 0.28273841652607673, 0.20700878930429734, 0.04208128362200981, -0.2218395211127435, -0.043909825227591535, 0.08516213413988521] |
709.3583 | Chebyshev approach to quantum systems coupled to a bath | We propose a new concept for the dynamics of a quantum bath, the Chebyshev
space, and a new method based on this concept, the Chebyshev space method. The
Chebyshev space is an abstract vector space that exactly represents the
fermionic or bosonic bath degrees of freedom, without a discretization of the
bath density of states. Relying on Chebyshev expansions the Chebyshev space
representation of a bath has very favorable properties with respect to
extremely precise and efficient calculations of groundstate properties, static
and dynamical correlations, and time-evolution for a great variety of quantum
systems. The aim of the present work is to introduce the Chebyshev space in
detail and to demonstrate the capabilities of the Chebyshev space method.
Although the central idea is derived in full generality the focus is on model
systems coupled to fermionic baths. In particular we address quantum impurity
problems, such as an impurity in a host or a bosonic impurity with a static
barrier, and the motion of a wave packet on a chain coupled to leads. For the
bosonic impurity, the phase transition from a delocalized electron to a
localized polaron in arbitrary dimension is detected. For the wave packet on a
chain, we show how the Chebyshev space method implements different boundary
conditions, including transparent boundary conditions replacing infinite leads.
Furthermore the self-consistent solution of the Holstein model in infinite
dimension is calculated. With the examples we demonstrate how highly accurate
results for system energies, correlation and spectral functions, and
time-dependence of observables are obtained with modest computational effort.
| cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall | we propose a new concept for the dynamics of a quantum bath the chebyshev space and a new method based on this concept the chebyshev space method the chebyshev space is an abstract vector space that exactly represents the fermionic or bosonic bath degrees of freedom without a discretization of the bath density of states relying on chebyshev expansions the chebyshev space representation of a bath has very favorable properties with respect to extremely precise and efficient calculations of groundstate properties static and dynamical correlations and timeevolution for a great variety of quantum systems the aim of the present work is to introduce the chebyshev space in detail and to demonstrate the capabilities of the chebyshev space method although the central idea is derived in full generality the focus is on model systems coupled to fermionic baths in particular we address quantum impurity problems such as an impurity in a host or a bosonic impurity with a static barrier and the motion of a wave packet on a chain coupled to leads for the bosonic impurity the phase transition from a delocalized electron to a localized polaron in arbitrary dimension is detected for the wave packet on a chain we show how the chebyshev space method implements different boundary conditions including transparent boundary conditions replacing infinite leads furthermore the selfconsistent solution of the holstein model in infinite dimension is calculated with the examples we demonstrate how highly accurate results for system energies correlation and spectral functions and timedependence of observables are obtained with modest computational effort | [['we', 'propose', 'a', 'new', 'concept', 'for', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'a', 'quantum', 'bath', 'the', 'chebyshev', 'space', 'and', 'a', 'new', 'method', 'based', 'on', 'this', 'concept', 'the', 'chebyshev', 'space', 'method', 'the', 'chebyshev', 'space', 'is', 'an', 'abstract', 'vector', 'space', 'that', 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709.3584 | 100 Years of dimensional analysis: New steps toward empirical law
deduction | On the verge of the centenary of dimensional analysis (DA), we present a
generalisation of the theory and a methodology for the discovery of empirical
laws from observational data. It is well known that DA: a) reduces the number
of free parameters, b) guarantees scale invariance through dimensional
homogeneity and c) extracts functional information encoded in the dimensionless
grouping of variables. Less known are the results of Rudolph and co-workers
that DA also gives rise to a new pair of transforms - the similarity transform
(S) that converts physical dimensional data into dimensionless space and its
inverse (S'). Here, we present a new matrix generalisation of the Buckingham
Theorem, made possible by recent developments in the theory of inverse
non-square matrices, and show how the transform pair arises naturally. We
demonstrate that the inverse transform S' is non-unique and how this casts
doubt on scaling relations obtained in cases where observational data has not
been referred to in order to break the degeneracy inherent in transforming back
to dimensional (physical) space. As an example, we show how the underlying
functional form of the Planck Radiation Law can be deduced in only a few lines
using the matrix method and without appealing to first principles; thus
demonstrating the possibility of a priori knowledge discovery; but that
subsequent data analysis is still required in order to identify the exact
causal law. It is hoped that the proof presented here will give theoreticians
confidence to pursue inverse problems in physics using DA.
| physics.class-ph physics.gen-ph | on the verge of the centenary of dimensional analysis da we present a generalisation of the theory and a methodology for the discovery of empirical laws from observational data it is well known that da a reduces the number of free parameters b guarantees scale invariance through dimensional homogeneity and c extracts functional information encoded in the dimensionless grouping of variables less known are the results of rudolph and coworkers that da also gives rise to a new pair of transforms the similarity transform s that converts physical dimensional data into dimensionless space and its inverse s here we present a new matrix generalisation of the buckingham theorem made possible by recent developments in the theory of inverse nonsquare matrices and show how the transform pair arises naturally we demonstrate that the inverse transform s is nonunique and how this casts doubt on scaling relations obtained in cases where observational data has not been referred to in order to break the degeneracy inherent in transforming back to dimensional physical space as an example we show how the underlying functional form of the planck radiation law can be deduced in only a few lines using the matrix method and without appealing to first principles thus demonstrating the possibility of a priori knowledge discovery but that subsequent data analysis is still required in order to identify the exact causal law it is hoped that the proof presented here will give theoreticians confidence to pursue inverse problems in physics using da | [['on', 'the', 'verge', 'of', 'the', 'centenary', 'of', 'dimensional', 'analysis', 'da', 'we', 'present', 'a', 'generalisation', 'of', 'the', 'theory', 'and', 'a', 'methodology', 'for', 'the', 'discovery', 'of', 'empirical', 'laws', 'from', 'observational', 'data', 'it', 'is', 'well', 'known', 'that', 'da', 'a', 'reduces', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'free', 'parameters', 'b', 'guarantees', 'scale', 'invariance', 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709.3585 | Intermittent relaxation in hierarchical energy landscapes | We numerically simulate a thermalization process in an energy landscape with
hierarchically organized metastable states. The initial configuration is chosen
to have a large energy excess, relative to the thermal equilibrium value at the
running temperature. We show that the initial energy surplus is dissipated in a
series of intermittent bursts, or quakes, whose rate decreases as the inverse
of the age of the system. In addition, one observes energy fluctuations with a
zero centered Gaussian distribution. These pertain to the pseudo equilibrium
dynamics within a single metastable state, and do not contribute to the energy
dissipation. The derivative of the thermal energy with respect to the logarithm
of time is asymptotically constant, and comprises a temperature independent
part, and a part with an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The findings closely
mirror recent numerical simulation results obtained for microscopic glassy
models. For these models, record-sized energy fluctuations have been claimed to
trigger intermittent events during low temperature thermalization. In the
present model record-sized fluctuations are by construction needed to trigger
changes from one metastable state to another. This property thus suffices to
explain the statistical property of intermittent energy flow in complex
metastable systems.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | we numerically simulate a thermalization process in an energy landscape with hierarchically organized metastable states the initial configuration is chosen to have a large energy excess relative to the thermal equilibrium value at the running temperature we show that the initial energy surplus is dissipated in a series of intermittent bursts or quakes whose rate decreases as the inverse of the age of the system in addition one observes energy fluctuations with a zero centered gaussian distribution these pertain to the pseudo equilibrium dynamics within a single metastable state and do not contribute to the energy dissipation the derivative of the thermal energy with respect to the logarithm of time is asymptotically constant and comprises a temperature independent part and a part with an arrhenius temperature dependence the findings closely mirror recent numerical simulation results obtained for microscopic glassy models for these models recordsized energy fluctuations have been claimed to trigger intermittent events during low temperature thermalization in the present model recordsized fluctuations are by construction needed to trigger changes from one metastable state to another this property thus suffices to explain the statistical property of intermittent energy flow in complex metastable systems | [['we', 'numerically', 'simulate', 'a', 'thermalization', 'process', 'in', 'an', 'energy', 'landscape', 'with', 'hierarchically', 'organized', 'metastable', 'states', 'the', 'initial', 'configuration', 'is', 'chosen', 'to', 'have', 'a', 'large', 'energy', 'excess', 'relative', 'to', 'the', 'thermal', 'equilibrium', 'value', 'at', 'the', 'running', 'temperature', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'initial', 'energy', 'surplus', 'is', 'dissipated', 'in', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'intermittent', 'bursts', 'or', 'quakes', 'whose', 'rate', 'decreases', 'as', 'the', 'inverse', 'of', 'the', 'age', 'of', 'the', 'system', 'in', 'addition', 'one', 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709.3586 | Une adaptation des cartes auto-organisatrices pour des donn\'ees
d\'ecrites par un tableau de dissimilarit\'es | Many data analysis methods cannot be applied to data that are not represented
by a fixed number of real values, whereas most of real world observations are
not readily available in such a format. Vector based data analysis methods have
therefore to be adapted in order to be used with non standard complex data. A
flexible and general solution for this adaptation is to use a (dis)similarity
measure. Indeed, thanks to expert knowledge on the studied data, it is
generally possible to define a measure that can be used to make pairwise
comparison between observations. General data analysis methods are then
obtained by adapting existing methods to (dis)similarity matrices. In this
article, we propose an adaptation of Kohonen's Self Organizing Map (SOM) to
(dis)similarity data. The proposed algorithm is an adapted version of the
vector based batch SOM. The method is validated on real world data: we provide
an analysis of the usage patterns of the web site of the Institut National de
Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, constructed thanks to web log mining
method.
| cs.NE cs.LG | many data analysis methods cannot be applied to data that are not represented by a fixed number of real values whereas most of real world observations are not readily available in such a format vector based data analysis methods have therefore to be adapted in order to be used with non standard complex data a flexible and general solution for this adaptation is to use a dissimilarity measure indeed thanks to expert knowledge on the studied data it is generally possible to define a measure that can be used to make pairwise comparison between observations general data analysis methods are then obtained by adapting existing methods to dissimilarity matrices in this article we propose an adaptation of kohonens self organizing map som to dissimilarity data the proposed algorithm is an adapted version of the vector based batch som the method is validated on real world data we provide an analysis of the usage patterns of the web site of the institut national de recherche en informatique et automatique constructed thanks to web log mining method | [['many', 'data', 'analysis', 'methods', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'applied', 'to', 'data', 'that', 'are', 'not', 'represented', 'by', 'a', 'fixed', 'number', 'of', 'real', 'values', 'whereas', 'most', 'of', 'real', 'world', 'observations', 'are', 'not', 'readily', 'available', 'in', 'such', 'a', 'format', 'vector', 'based', 'data', 'analysis', 'methods', 'have', 'therefore', 'to', 'be', 'adapted', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'be', 'used', 'with', 'non', 'standard', 'complex', 'data', 'a', 'flexible', 'and', 'general', 'solution', 'for', 'this', 'adaptation', 'is', 'to', 'use', 'a', 'dissimilarity', 'measure', 'indeed', 'thanks', 'to', 'expert', 'knowledge', 'on', 'the', 'studied', 'data', 'it', 'is', 'generally', 'possible', 'to', 'define', 'a', 'measure', 'that', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'make', 'pairwise', 'comparison', 'between', 'observations', 'general', 'data', 'analysis', 'methods', 'are', 'then', 'obtained', 'by', 'adapting', 'existing', 'methods', 'to', 'dissimilarity', 'matrices', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'propose', 'an', 'adaptation', 'of', 'kohonens', 'self', 'organizing', 'map', 'som', 'to', 'dissimilarity', 'data', 'the', 'proposed', 'algorithm', 'is', 'an', 'adapted', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'vector', 'based', 'batch', 'som', 'the', 'method', 'is', 'validated', 'on', 'real', 'world', 'data', 'we', 'provide', 'an', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'usage', 'patterns', 'of', 'the', 'web', 'site', 'of', 'the', 'institut', 'national', 'de', 'recherche', 'en', 'informatique', 'et', 'automatique', 'constructed', 'thanks', 'to', 'web', 'log', 'mining', 'method']] | [-0.03573059680638835, 0.0025968718892644656, -0.12229597334854506, 0.07593700172384904, -0.14286208256883334, -0.13238578555121255, 0.013538722959558734, 0.39701308038043365, -0.2538890213558757, -0.3232023627682462, 0.13225339992376658, -0.27363234900985844, -0.16219180268341338, 0.23220558624333618, -0.09605002996183677, 0.030969792117172223, 0.07684263534081931, 0.03926001394062372, -0.020240927112767662, -0.28303714909601363, 0.3126287856562571, 0.09387725489432341, 0.3426043340335706, -0.008567482621980493, 0.08559210503219881, -0.003645530831404771, -0.08800168877959633, 0.03135084963287227, -0.10823715225284435, 0.17704808684224685, 0.340203719856535, 0.24915488020368767, 0.24787752755219117, -0.38862811847039586, -0.179492633933974, 0.15163312824866312, 0.10985390872387639, 0.09613862956030061, -0.02710054227050436, -0.3267568617699329, 0.10575098417426819, -0.14351340508966876, -0.09148135966891212, -0.15981185869961997, -0.02210659172587012, 0.01623604660165835, -0.2928700326248707, 0.011839799949732631, -0.0069786910581487146, 0.09087683506302048, -0.05329975814410401, -0.08531717086919922, -0.004117463024819947, 0.12511487894847628, 0.021842978860315106, 0.07045217636319152, 0.10498196351744066, -0.018978166169042444, -0.13679784167536788, 0.3770002468743108, -0.08471385466625427, -0.2398696614572228, 0.1892434031125793, -0.054719518764283166, -0.1720444227235434, 0.09787253331557043, 0.19718740927022405, 0.10100114677334204, -0.1976797977033791, 0.07339285286004517, -0.021215309193972975, 0.18315830412955786, 0.03730607843185267, -0.06803574642650677, 0.1395009808792648, 0.18044920297424225, 0.04452221467396488, 0.06661902578145434, -0.07740130782688291, -0.08003772492553583, -0.20486814380141863, -0.14757139879194173, -0.22939540332431949, -0.016704323610362982, -0.09622908485793728, -0.16638962046867659, 0.3185458261233924, 0.17831959881269457, 0.2246162474409423, 0.03453045090215958, 0.31677728246193676, 0.06038125341927463, 0.11812885487002363, 0.07182752740548247, 0.15402319593968886, 0.07001391334448602, 0.1417141901673114, -0.1103379618067596, 0.06173598023385487, 0.05595009457002478] |
709.3587 | Self-organizing maps and symbolic data | In data analysis new forms of complex data have to be considered like for
example (symbolic data, functional data, web data, trees, SQL query and
multimedia data, ...). In this context classical data analysis for knowledge
discovery based on calculating the center of gravity can not be used because
input are not $\mathbb{R}^p$ vectors. In this paper, we present an application
on real world symbolic data using the self-organizing map. To this end, we
propose an extension of the self-organizing map that can handle symbolic data.
| cs.NE cs.LG | in data analysis new forms of complex data have to be considered like for example symbolic data functional data web data trees sql query and multimedia data in this context classical data analysis for knowledge discovery based on calculating the center of gravity can not be used because input are not mathbbrp vectors in this paper we present an application on real world symbolic data using the selforganizing map to this end we propose an extension of the selforganizing map that can handle symbolic data | [['in', 'data', 'analysis', 'new', 'forms', 'of', 'complex', 'data', 'have', 'to', 'be', 'considered', 'like', 'for', 'example', 'symbolic', 'data', 'functional', 'data', 'web', 'data', 'trees', 'sql', 'query', 'and', 'multimedia', 'data', 'in', 'this', 'context', 'classical', 'data', 'analysis', 'for', 'knowledge', 'discovery', 'based', 'on', 'calculating', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'gravity', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'used', 'because', 'input', 'are', 'not', 'mathbbrp', 'vectors', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'present', 'an', 'application', 'on', 'real', 'world', 'symbolic', 'data', 'using', 'the', 'selforganizing', 'map', 'to', 'this', 'end', 'we', 'propose', 'an', 'extension', 'of', 'the', 'selforganizing', 'map', 'that', 'can', 'handle', 'symbolic', 'data']] | [-0.08173629367614493, -0.017319890864618014, -0.08994021117687226, 0.09009410319165052, -0.1487016712041462, -0.09460158347604139, 0.03526548546711531, 0.3564274822087849, -0.3167517998748842, -0.3183977784041096, 0.17875502974835827, -0.28795346817111267, -0.16357084486414405, 0.24415074791211416, -0.12258593331310241, 0.06125932084944318, 0.1099798535270726, 0.05373789899818161, -0.016531110794612152, -0.23743599705288515, 0.37127719661768743, 0.05547551927430665, 0.3010900687755031, -0.009310489109552959, 0.063575867510072, 0.021014543584383587, -0.08259298761293073, -0.029622572013998733, -0.09329465029749211, 0.17111661101088804, 0.37375046255012206, 0.2790977178798879, 0.21178681802223712, -0.4653800074120655, -0.18833044515374828, 0.14787036683410407, 0.15481304335133994, 0.11789461446597296, -0.06840787620064528, -0.3135755152496345, 0.0888016622787451, -0.1559005031526527, -0.04751204790218788, -0.18168149789904847, 0.01879063732922077, -0.018619788659955647, -0.2576755682225613, -0.002403224933454219, 0.04524057909627171, 0.12947582783287062, -0.0717259166707449, -0.045256754909368126, 0.009926077296190402, 0.11964294631581973, -0.006106480616418755, 0.052265196896212944, 0.12049707118421793, -0.06796354055130745, -0.1616714086383581, 0.3615126055720098, -0.07811532110414084, -0.2288885509047438, 0.1665129238219165, -0.06930515556322302, -0.23659234765697928, 0.06717634061625337, 0.2665035146959674, 0.07294382408316083, -0.22358266814228367, 0.10160012318793794, -0.04900175760335782, 0.18918875196181675, 0.024425269646898787, -0.029517302150077952, 0.17658244786400568, 0.21204463756807587, 0.014071216234279905, 0.13761105131741394, -0.09166006837588023, -0.0832449907765669, -0.22662735028082834, -0.1575361631975016, -0.2289398960330907, -0.015277692349285216, -0.13000081149186693, -0.1663588587413816, 0.3454212546348572, 0.22666679191444178, 0.22631855236695092, 0.05721585321075776, 0.33682426382951874, 0.08596812186433989, 0.10606719256543061, 0.09379133252317415, 0.1162552719552289, -0.0011726273114190382, 0.15483494611073503, -0.08690648278057136, 0.056131244982209276, 0.010891017345163753] |
709.3588 | Length-dependent conductance and thermopower in single-molecule
junctions of dithiolated oligophenylene derivatives | We study theoretically the length dependence of both conductance and
thermopower in metal-molecule-metal junctions made up of dithiolated
oligophenylenes contacted to gold electrodes. We find that while the
conductance decays exponentially with increasing molecular length, the
thermopower increases linearly as suggested by recent experiments. We also
analyze how these transport properties can be tuned with methyl side groups.
Our results can be explained by considering the level shifts due to their
electron-donating character as well as the tilt-angle dependence of conductance
and thermopower. Qualitative features of the substituent effects in our
density-functional calculations are explained using a tight-binding model. In
addition, we observe symmetry-related even-odd transmission channel
degeneracies as a function of molecular length.
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci | we study theoretically the length dependence of both conductance and thermopower in metalmoleculemetal junctions made up of dithiolated oligophenylenes contacted to gold electrodes we find that while the conductance decays exponentially with increasing molecular length the thermopower increases linearly as suggested by recent experiments we also analyze how these transport properties can be tuned with methyl side groups our results can be explained by considering the level shifts due to their electrondonating character as well as the tiltangle dependence of conductance and thermopower qualitative features of the substituent effects in our densityfunctional calculations are explained using a tightbinding model in addition we observe symmetryrelated evenodd transmission channel degeneracies as a function of molecular length | [['we', 'study', 'theoretically', 'the', 'length', 'dependence', 'of', 'both', 'conductance', 'and', 'thermopower', 'in', 'metalmoleculemetal', 'junctions', 'made', 'up', 'of', 'dithiolated', 'oligophenylenes', 'contacted', 'to', 'gold', 'electrodes', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'while', 'the', 'conductance', 'decays', 'exponentially', 'with', 'increasing', 'molecular', 'length', 'the', 'thermopower', 'increases', 'linearly', 'as', 'suggested', 'by', 'recent', 'experiments', 'we', 'also', 'analyze', 'how', 'these', 'transport', 'properties', 'can', 'be', 'tuned', 'with', 'methyl', 'side', 'groups', 'our', 'results', 'can', 'be', 'explained', 'by', 'considering', 'the', 'level', 'shifts', 'due', 'to', 'their', 'electrondonating', 'character', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'tiltangle', 'dependence', 'of', 'conductance', 'and', 'thermopower', 'qualitative', 'features', 'of', 'the', 'substituent', 'effects', 'in', 'our', 'densityfunctional', 'calculations', 'are', 'explained', 'using', 'a', 'tightbinding', 'model', 'in', 'addition', 'we', 'observe', 'symmetryrelated', 'evenodd', 'transmission', 'channel', 'degeneracies', 'as', 'a', 'function', 'of', 'molecular', 'length']] | [-0.15064235103308363, 0.15826340838937106, -0.0592128450289962, 0.0404989948636333, 0.00900049482068393, -0.1603875524834194, 0.08739961714141763, 0.40878852878787875, -0.3055112118198149, -0.3102748369328282, -0.027728526773697706, -0.33567555548738587, -0.17715160352532314, 0.20377053911344403, 0.020546506661756905, 0.014307475269697936, 0.02462925531992079, -0.05467338522121442, -0.08297957160378254, -0.21809718674213618, 0.23151728099591173, 0.08188936152120442, 0.26898000825740465, 0.149040362937788, -0.024930931306320483, -0.024758543628082504, 0.0657814337822518, 0.10308076045372878, -0.14585297488211088, 0.05383790171070568, 0.26010639297742955, -0.08396845809554895, 0.1742119062444673, -0.47220604464543603, -0.22081299109458594, -0.006230216737078354, 0.17455696393282408, 0.15387564676039053, -0.028533571342055777, -0.2670372011453177, 0.07414833451126727, -0.15753566071110886, -0.09226761313476724, -0.07965826961434389, -0.01044541223807079, 0.05531904064026142, -0.20203103440807538, 0.12067029482568614, -0.015759913120995714, 0.07836375927156718, -0.015104210370970247, -0.16663038226223625, -0.06892070487611392, 0.09411782827393143, 0.09297123777708945, -0.02879186483193807, 0.21480547609961534, -0.07748303997981469, -0.13542339249835472, 0.3352567907257945, -0.1371883255577918, -0.14710512338618262, 0.1383435424830377, -0.15473930493813107, -0.06290475078533915, 0.09663938847061379, 0.09587115324895615, 0.09246156899159592, -0.11008030450202327, 0.05975728680532162, -0.021149880201267325, 0.2003442165565438, 0.08730454194211129, 0.0843993324057026, 0.19949434773452515, 0.17901457947744798, -0.014300157493227614, 0.1550278634129636, -0.13192512662421946, -0.04206670252853526, -0.23731196821312858, -0.12907299119567053, -0.18686110263410133, 0.09623539957127213, -0.04892038607499068, -0.1524603005964309, 0.4081056529771438, 0.15120065063897487, 0.25638313699859827, 0.03425989544793832, 0.25313487160225623, 0.14670434206171967, 0.08673931208472138, 0.008083604358598194, 0.18713128278691288, 0.16642021324044604, 0.04322282381693676, -0.3419262341891242, 0.11177852461670847, -0.03144952617750495] |
709.3589 | Quantum-Mechanically Induced Asymmetry in the Phase Diagrams of
Spin-Glass Systems | The spin-1/2 quantum Heisenberg model is studied in all spatial dimensions d
by renormalization-group theory. Strongly asymmetric phase diagrams in
temperature and antiferromagnetic bond probability p are obtained in dimensions
d \geq 3. The asymmetry at high temperatures approaching the pure ferromagnetic
and antiferromagnetic systems disappears as d is increased. However, the
asymmetry at low but finite temperatures remains in all dimensions, with the
antiferromagnetic phase receding to the ferromagnetic phase. A
finite-temperature second-order phase boundary directly between the
ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases occurs in d \geq 6, resulting in a
new multicritical point at its meeting with the boundaries to the paramagnetic
phase. In d=3,4,5, a paramagnetic phase reaching zero temperature intervenes
asymmetrically between the ferromagnetic and reentrant antiferromagnetic
phases. There is no spin-glass phase in any dimension.
| cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech | the spin12 quantum heisenberg model is studied in all spatial dimensions d by renormalizationgroup theory strongly asymmetric phase diagrams in temperature and antiferromagnetic bond probability p are obtained in dimensions d geq 3 the asymmetry at high temperatures approaching the pure ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems disappears as d is increased however the asymmetry at low but finite temperatures remains in all dimensions with the antiferromagnetic phase receding to the ferromagnetic phase a finitetemperature secondorder phase boundary directly between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases occurs in d geq 6 resulting in a new multicritical point at its meeting with the boundaries to the paramagnetic phase in d345 a paramagnetic phase reaching zero temperature intervenes asymmetrically between the ferromagnetic and reentrant antiferromagnetic phases there is no spinglass phase in any dimension | [['the', 'spin12', 'quantum', 'heisenberg', 'model', 'is', 'studied', 'in', 'all', 'spatial', 'dimensions', 'd', 'by', 'renormalizationgroup', 'theory', 'strongly', 'asymmetric', 'phase', 'diagrams', 'in', 'temperature', 'and', 'antiferromagnetic', 'bond', 'probability', 'p', 'are', 'obtained', 'in', 'dimensions', 'd', 'geq', '3', 'the', 'asymmetry', 'at', 'high', 'temperatures', 'approaching', 'the', 'pure', 'ferromagnetic', 'and', 'antiferromagnetic', 'systems', 'disappears', 'as', 'd', 'is', 'increased', 'however', 'the', 'asymmetry', 'at', 'low', 'but', 'finite', 'temperatures', 'remains', 'in', 'all', 'dimensions', 'with', 'the', 'antiferromagnetic', 'phase', 'receding', 'to', 'the', 'ferromagnetic', 'phase', 'a', 'finitetemperature', 'secondorder', 'phase', 'boundary', 'directly', 'between', 'the', 'ferromagnetic', 'and', 'antiferromagnetic', 'phases', 'occurs', 'in', 'd', 'geq', '6', 'resulting', 'in', 'a', 'new', 'multicritical', 'point', 'at', 'its', 'meeting', 'with', 'the', 'boundaries', 'to', 'the', 'paramagnetic', 'phase', 'in', 'd345', 'a', 'paramagnetic', 'phase', 'reaching', 'zero', 'temperature', 'intervenes', 'asymmetrically', 'between', 'the', 'ferromagnetic', 'and', 'reentrant', 'antiferromagnetic', 'phases', 'there', 'is', 'no', 'spinglass', 'phase', 'in', 'any', 'dimension']] | [-0.21694823913456684, 0.32357546614208654, -0.03162845165302702, -0.006922809754556059, 0.025547283349645344, -0.23708262626630391, 0.09362897851645167, 0.38279736014588395, -0.212891994022526, -0.2288735002665528, 0.04553327219409132, -0.3520861733271632, -0.07263588623049878, 0.06738388278998088, 0.08694307128501724, -0.02545623100622622, -0.11367337880006363, 0.03666954888518206, -0.19387433908215557, -0.22923564359314683, 0.25257137747004976, -0.08309150586002181, 0.2691021470421593, 0.09384832105440513, 0.04038006335121486, -0.0008422073713222215, 0.16756015610989444, 0.028223478975308726, -0.1716893111579409, -0.07240478161274809, 0.31208783468274875, -0.10851939049163155, 0.13446964319188928, -0.3659021213737338, -0.19852411883428348, 0.1154294857762523, 0.13769186258879165, 0.1402820186155249, -0.004112566323127858, -0.30192936469562526, 0.027665569179857425, -0.11957910278443853, -0.1837055934723936, -0.06576575808292039, 0.02269184323706368, -0.10188598903942882, -0.2522548634284573, 0.1692092559415876, 0.11487360105149505, 0.15390117483460813, -0.03135710385517044, -0.1402491423943939, -0.10987841831014832, 0.07672832179146769, 0.005501251924934602, 0.12701719870805278, 0.06635758583975393, -0.10744161246156739, -0.12504559298688472, 0.31927669515053547, -0.01616961686161722, -0.06389163443168928, 0.20849109184386772, -0.266445296192262, -0.08999684789802792, 0.23078684846314695, 0.08592479026609266, 0.05612879052447776, -0.0899906929319746, 0.1330034959280246, 0.07794403289571086, 0.19133319631476106, 0.04783768186259062, 0.0036962280914461776, 0.2641443138898805, 0.18966130967714007, 0.05525444810235396, 0.17723222381558068, -0.09974256221407143, -0.17475855929502684, -0.24845192429804525, -0.1376830951316109, -0.23953242324177146, -0.001360099957606127, -0.1970279593008946, -0.16532616592517715, 0.30879376970895733, 0.15109260954944662, 0.18175507663066007, -0.037247568731694373, 0.2445093899560991, 0.07829706057050634, -0.02163526105384032, 0.08518812118112579, 0.2290261956509347, 0.1795284485664623, 0.17612107470992577, -0.26376093656741545, 0.047157904517641944, 0.06587802000387116] |
709.359 | An extension of a result concerning convex geometric graphs | We show a general result known as the Erdos_Sos Conjecture: if
$E(G)>{1/2}(k-1)n$ where $G$ has order $n$ then $G$ contains every tree of
order $k+1$ as a subgraph.
| cs.DM | we show a general result known as the erdos_sos conjecture if eg12k1n where g has order n then g contains every tree of order k1 as a subgraph | [['we', 'show', 'a', 'general', 'result', 'known', 'as', 'the', 'erdos_sos', 'conjecture', 'if', 'eg12k1n', 'where', 'g', 'has', 'order', 'n', 'then', 'g', 'contains', 'every', 'tree', 'of', 'order', 'k1', 'as', 'a', 'subgraph']] | [-0.19079259868997794, 0.12036483223290326, -0.05596714101445217, -0.01710323401941703, -0.10046172913951942, -0.13725265434298378, 0.028850727786238376, 0.33344873055242574, -0.26177519602844346, -0.33593045479546374, 0.11280181930543712, -0.3202179614364958, -0.21854233678179577, 0.07486010615069133, -0.05553713498207239, -0.04651000270118507, 0.08549635341534248, 0.2750833189258209, 0.048959761714706056, -0.3017598261626867, 0.2757413610816002, -0.11243519874719474, 0.09847762466121751, 0.0880306542206269, 0.1222206748341425, 0.030731989661804758, 0.054746642135656796, 0.09289668321322936, -0.1757984606978985, -0.029166249558329582, 0.2949527520686388, 0.1344887503207876, 0.29897001199424267, -0.3071691716356257, -0.182276655606424, 0.2509321175524607, 0.13979854345178375, 0.06859962326975969, 0.0002959086917913877, -0.143034803466155, 0.19184989754397136, -0.15343836623315626, -0.13399053479616457, -0.014497277434342183, 0.1674619088701617, -0.05825326588148108, -0.3397986376658082, -0.01890261944096822, 0.16344408189448026, -0.03891074618038077, 0.10139405326201366, -0.15516852302243933, -0.11718324278123103, 0.10262641565014537, -0.031261514800672345, 0.18100972961222467, -0.032731071224239155, -0.06485310686604442, -0.1583120621060236, 0.47179074957966805, -0.13928572100121528, -0.08513858563338335, 0.07316696326821469, -0.18433854997587892, -0.2451311443001032, 0.05453011651451771, 0.06699634783972915, 0.22154717698979837, -0.03172582470310422, 0.1988330836622761, -0.18939139206822103, 0.14908383340718082, 0.1457813669067736, -0.03195037997927731, 0.07067571179224895, 0.16330375522375107, 0.20578101922113162, 0.19265525035846692, -0.0048090285764863855, 0.18192582378665414, -0.35739010113936204, -0.12095371060646497, -0.2443804029160394, 0.13926651823119476, -0.15219819022772405, -0.17244839249178767, 0.333498941304592, 0.08501368402861632, 0.17836083557743293, 0.13792000417239392, 0.2277257523069588, 0.0873845124241108, 0.029639544287839763, 0.21464999987242314, 0.05038603037022627, 0.19953028639205372, -0.11634024795001516, -0.08312522714885955, 0.06450214446522295, 0.18169015001219052] |
709.3591 | A reciprocity map and the two variable p-adic L-function | For primes p greater than 3, we propose a conjecture that relates the values
of cup products in the Galois cohomology of the maximal unramified outside p
extension of a cyclotomic field on cyclotomic p-units to the values of p-adic
L-functions of cuspidal eigenforms that satisfy mod p congruences with
Eisenstein series. Passing up the cyclotomic and Hida towers, we construct an
isomorphism of certain spaces that allows us to compare the value of a
reciprocity map on a particular norm compatible system of p-units to what is
essentially the two-variable p-adic L-function of Mazur and Kitagawa.
| math.NT | for primes p greater than 3 we propose a conjecture that relates the values of cup products in the galois cohomology of the maximal unramified outside p extension of a cyclotomic field on cyclotomic punits to the values of padic lfunctions of cuspidal eigenforms that satisfy mod p congruences with eisenstein series passing up the cyclotomic and hida towers we construct an isomorphism of certain spaces that allows us to compare the value of a reciprocity map on a particular norm compatible system of punits to what is essentially the twovariable padic lfunction of mazur and kitagawa | [['for', 'primes', 'p', 'greater', 'than', '3', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'conjecture', 'that', 'relates', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'cup', 'products', 'in', 'the', 'galois', 'cohomology', 'of', 'the', 'maximal', 'unramified', 'outside', 'p', 'extension', 'of', 'a', 'cyclotomic', 'field', 'on', 'cyclotomic', 'punits', 'to', 'the', 'values', 'of', 'padic', 'lfunctions', 'of', 'cuspidal', 'eigenforms', 'that', 'satisfy', 'mod', 'p', 'congruences', 'with', 'eisenstein', 'series', 'passing', 'up', 'the', 'cyclotomic', 'and', 'hida', 'towers', 'we', 'construct', 'an', 'isomorphism', 'of', 'certain', 'spaces', 'that', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'compare', 'the', 'value', 'of', 'a', 'reciprocity', 'map', 'on', 'a', 'particular', 'norm', 'compatible', 'system', 'of', 'punits', 'to', 'what', 'is', 'essentially', 'the', 'twovariable', 'padic', 'lfunction', 'of', 'mazur', 'and', 'kitagawa']] | [-0.26897464299900936, 0.03237784406804532, -0.19113781978886277, 0.08578179741743952, -0.11481300367944941, -0.11808076731322967, -0.0030589551261635786, 0.2177879922716043, -0.3335902712586307, -0.22960490199524822, 0.01942196610676528, -0.24240308147438047, -0.1101558476604867, 0.2434691443424864, -0.14738260124829242, 0.02784972921879146, -0.008791456882333019, 0.17488180460725172, -0.09487390039805516, -0.353008561777239, 0.42465965173293635, -0.009117522171324062, 0.18578606663444608, -0.0010996858406927168, 0.07877754786810309, 0.030470312557413635, 0.07257165896139808, -0.17406398994540892, -0.17904692942859574, 0.19157377333793135, 0.34607524759875435, 0.04748506340937516, 0.24101333795883453, -0.3553215528348672, -0.038302665837973204, 0.2734657779969659, 0.12860453593515858, -0.0886752502656705, 0.07567509677328323, -0.22893278043448312, 0.12179431974162952, -0.20878069803896407, -0.1594420932137321, -0.102412121706479, 0.07964093964570922, 0.038453687260829914, -0.3267853021352869, -0.0010766095539420535, 0.06905511359578555, 0.23357442668495104, -0.13503254486605545, -0.1794903825322819, 0.014936360093697752, 0.028204500415967296, 0.04123192004734631, 0.0492458404233852, 0.0808346660270058, -0.10294098504962995, -0.12606916674076743, 0.3263718510171418, -0.058206852410707534, -0.11385805284623633, 0.058357246574158445, -0.2409342265371041, -0.19162210819225028, 0.13126382040647194, 0.039388774270095774, 0.13979166794325867, 0.07406799440492981, 0.19721410580857934, -0.1907704725175059, 0.08103434791963682, 0.20701148966807373, -0.11529010147835637, 0.13950401545050986, -0.04857328657262488, 0.06623609892102246, 0.14919311201833574, -0.002553420592598694, -0.003787214670344688, -0.3737650620127001, -0.22798946079049145, -0.11673121120223832, 0.12762397138843523, -0.11614961163638898, -0.1616274841494628, 0.4138791546916839, 0.15412460044794477, 0.1724337851148598, 0.20730145724931942, 0.17167395117126175, 0.09753811655724517, 0.1225436287500041, 0.01557620450105403, 0.0830308040700008, 0.28250653812056886, -0.04533991123280805, -0.10965108881541288, -0.058287872140747064, 0.21504651170857636] |
709.3592 | Classical elliptic current algebras | In this paper we discuss classical elliptic current algebras and show that
there are two different choices of commutative test function algebras on a
complex torus leading to two different elliptic current algebras. Quantization
of these classical current algebras give rise to two classes of quantized
dynamical quasi-Hopf current algebras studied by Enriquez-Felder-Rubtsov and
Arnaudon-Buffenoir-Ragoucy-Roche-Jimbo-Konno-Odake-Shiraishi. Different
degenerations of the classical elliptic algebras are considered. They yield
different versions of rational and trigonometric current algebras. We also
review the averaging method of Faddeev-Reshetikhin, which allows to restore
elliptic algebras from the trigonometric ones.
| math.QA | in this paper we discuss classical elliptic current algebras and show that there are two different choices of commutative test function algebras on a complex torus leading to two different elliptic current algebras quantization of these classical current algebras give rise to two classes of quantized dynamical quasihopf current algebras studied by enriquezfelderrubtsov and arnaudonbuffenoirragoucyrochejimbokonnoodakeshiraishi different degenerations of the classical elliptic algebras are considered they yield different versions of rational and trigonometric current algebras we also review the averaging method of faddeevreshetikhin which allows to restore elliptic algebras from the trigonometric ones | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'discuss', 'classical', 'elliptic', 'current', 'algebras', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'two', 'different', 'choices', 'of', 'commutative', 'test', 'function', 'algebras', 'on', 'a', 'complex', 'torus', 'leading', 'to', 'two', 'different', 'elliptic', 'current', 'algebras', 'quantization', 'of', 'these', 'classical', 'current', 'algebras', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'two', 'classes', 'of', 'quantized', 'dynamical', 'quasihopf', 'current', 'algebras', 'studied', 'by', 'enriquezfelderrubtsov', 'and', 'arnaudonbuffenoirragoucyrochejimbokonnoodakeshiraishi', 'different', 'degenerations', 'of', 'the', 'classical', 'elliptic', 'algebras', 'are', 'considered', 'they', 'yield', 'different', 'versions', 'of', 'rational', 'and', 'trigonometric', 'current', 'algebras', 'we', 'also', 'review', 'the', 'averaging', 'method', 'of', 'faddeevreshetikhin', 'which', 'allows', 'to', 'restore', 'elliptic', 'algebras', 'from', 'the', 'trigonometric', 'ones']] | [-0.16258156413419378, 0.06746933857082493, -0.07540564603275723, 0.11463598388945684, -0.11783545455998845, -0.19079385809729704, -0.09831665861032282, 0.3602975609194901, -0.3795000814729267, -0.23788603668411573, 0.12991596849686984, -0.22666755344269202, -0.12608714151299663, 0.23885307165069714, -0.15853692107937403, -0.0032467394032412106, 0.06711803495676981, 0.06781007737542193, -0.1883840008884565, -0.30641341391536925, 0.4537824457511306, -0.07804583486480017, 0.2337997341942456, -0.0049560195352468224, 0.07813580188279351, 0.01915492564181073, -0.07459023268893361, 0.0011365887191560533, -0.17244842897675375, 0.12376542518743211, 0.32075804971779387, 0.01355252169046758, 0.1798982967519098, -0.41346574516759976, -0.08201136122354202, 0.15621145391422842, 0.1648994457823897, 0.08252334526817624, -0.020083548166116492, -0.2250513176019821, 0.012169487189708485, -0.22882139297823112, -0.11482135344607135, -0.10251446902338002, 0.021541000198986797, 0.07237962685111496, -0.23250307494567501, 0.05671916247261429, 0.07354872140147362, 0.12761943551401297, -0.10734286519453033, -0.17292383910260267, -0.038364590440566344, 0.06902267374615702, -0.028420793601415223, -0.003042054543685582, 0.1235928619849599, -0.08881600845553395, -0.24155229995441105, 0.31064005485839313, 0.030564718174799863, -0.24363935831934214, 0.17552054210876425, -0.1792223551414079, -0.16159210142989952, 0.06630589181764258, 0.07672751425868934, 0.12747988252732384, -0.10711977389744587, 0.08621942265696513, -0.08126170956012276, -0.02417809452292406, 0.10175538285531932, 0.023071016707561082, 0.1701067057179494, 0.049441094789654014, 0.01733455745399826, 0.11640032401515378, 0.0667274251088707, -0.13072060892461904, -0.33627995914883085, -0.11457491188517047, -0.016501519146064916, 0.14007451405955684, -0.09868133063379597, -0.190595445542648, 0.47623162207504116, 0.19177404298097828, 0.17523279110383655, 0.08780529543906192, 0.216662479730116, 0.10529441695867313, 0.11856091155204922, -0.0014280696916911337, 0.19842846166834027, 0.226113698978184, 0.06167388099452688, -0.1513233639067039, -0.08298282586038112, 0.1870292136238681] |
709.3593 | Noncommutative del Pezzo surfaces and Calabi-Yau algebras | The hypersurface in a 3-dimensional vector space with an isolated
quasi-homogeneous elliptic singularity of type E_r,r=6,7,8, has a natural
Poisson structure. We show that the family of del Pezzo surfaces of the
corresponding type E_r provides a semiuniversal Poisson deformation of that
Poisson structure.
We also construct a deformation-quantization of the coordinate ring of such a
del Pezzo surface. To this end, we first deform the polynomial algebra C[x,y,z]
to a noncommutative algebra with generators x,y,z and the following 3 relations
(where [u,v]_t = uv- t.vu):
[x,y]_t=F_1(z),
[y,z]_t=F_2(x),
[z,x]_t=F_3(y).
This gives a family of Calabi-Yau algebras A(F) parametrized by a complex
number t and a triple F=(F_1,F_2,F_3), of polynomials in one variable of
specifically chosen degrees.
Our quantization of the coordinate ring of a del Pezzo surface is provided by
noncommutative algebras of the form A(F)/(g) where (g) stands for the ideal of
A(F) generated by a central element g, which generates the center of the
algebra A(F) if F is generic enough.
| math.QA hep-th math.AG math.KT math.RA | the hypersurface in a 3dimensional vector space with an isolated quasihomogeneous elliptic singularity of type e_rr678 has a natural poisson structure we show that the family of del pezzo surfaces of the corresponding type e_r provides a semiuniversal poisson deformation of that poisson structure we also construct a deformationquantization of the coordinate ring of such a del pezzo surface to this end we first deform the polynomial algebra cxyz to a noncommutative algebra with generators xyz and the following 3 relations where uv_t uv tvu xy_tf_1z yz_tf_2x zx_tf_3y this gives a family of calabiyau algebras af parametrized by a complex number t and a triple ff_1f_2f_3 of polynomials in one variable of specifically chosen degrees our quantization of the coordinate ring of a del pezzo surface is provided by noncommutative algebras of the form afg where g stands for the ideal of af generated by a central element g which generates the center of the algebra af if f is generic enough | [['the', 'hypersurface', 'in', 'a', '3dimensional', 'vector', 'space', 'with', 'an', 'isolated', 'quasihomogeneous', 'elliptic', 'singularity', 'of', 'type', 'e_rr678', 'has', 'a', 'natural', 'poisson', 'structure', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'family', 'of', 'del', 'pezzo', 'surfaces', 'of', 'the', 'corresponding', 'type', 'e_r', 'provides', 'a', 'semiuniversal', 'poisson', 'deformation', 'of', 'that', 'poisson', 'structure', 'we', 'also', 'construct', 'a', 'deformationquantization', 'of', 'the', 'coordinate', 'ring', 'of', 'such', 'a', 'del', 'pezzo', 'surface', 'to', 'this', 'end', 'we', 'first', 'deform', 'the', 'polynomial', 'algebra', 'cxyz', 'to', 'a', 'noncommutative', 'algebra', 'with', 'generators', 'xyz', 'and', 'the', 'following', '3', 'relations', 'where', 'uv_t', 'uv', 'tvu', 'xy_tf_1z', 'yz_tf_2x', 'zx_tf_3y', 'this', 'gives', 'a', 'family', 'of', 'calabiyau', 'algebras', 'af', 'parametrized', 'by', 'a', 'complex', 'number', 't', 'and', 'a', 'triple', 'ff_1f_2f_3', 'of', 'polynomials', 'in', 'one', 'variable', 'of', 'specifically', 'chosen', 'degrees', 'our', 'quantization', 'of', 'the', 'coordinate', 'ring', 'of', 'a', 'del', 'pezzo', 'surface', 'is', 'provided', 'by', 'noncommutative', 'algebras', 'of', 'the', 'form', 'afg', 'where', 'g', 'stands', 'for', 'the', 'ideal', 'of', 'af', 'generated', 'by', 'a', 'central', 'element', 'g', 'which', 'generates', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'the', 'algebra', 'af', 'if', 'f', 'is', 'generic', 'enough']] | [-0.23019307485871737, 0.04390002206698315, -0.1057013064622879, 0.034843695809644075, -0.09342497163902848, -0.1699153445931452, -0.04284526569798829, 0.2896271463363401, -0.32969532593363715, -0.20717606202909541, 0.06689674206708948, -0.24632601475403193, -0.14674455278042342, 0.15454147957385547, -0.11169630452660062, -0.05576694040829616, 0.010693276485788727, 0.1166906331102514, -0.14392626066692174, -0.28468336480098866, 0.4412023652037005, 0.010830146840382969, 0.17834852144362465, -0.031565931187041346, 0.1582267639377425, 0.05251282014914097, 0.041611369032292594, 0.009543481240642348, -0.159897246239275, 0.1163036662033729, 0.29760761224935134, 0.042911116490440986, 0.1748854129935705, -0.3589240352728314, -0.14649167691447562, 0.17574210231222454, 0.10665735440448888, 0.024845192115002822, -0.0497996223549689, -0.2122029555661063, 0.10177763285746257, -0.202345227197774, -0.20921005923000555, -0.014439434780468864, 0.05692971372796643, 0.032813233203224594, -0.2743883512658818, -0.012732170614030872, 0.10849917859680229, 0.13611890921789793, -0.01723887981140926, -0.07203723913689535, -0.12788045287823244, 0.023340686341567385, -0.07376782337744389, 0.0822723994962871, 0.08406860506342304, -0.08620616495609283, -0.10456563261893367, 0.34847515196794826, -0.062281761438615864, -0.22993518556317977, 0.10532028555960184, -0.18380458473318045, -0.15474003984502727, 0.1353498285786519, 0.08270339362413412, 0.1703833735157405, -0.05475462915210594, 0.2105283766616917, -0.0799702700588011, 0.06112836413385887, 0.07880821755576518, -0.044674925617272813, 0.18133091335785725, 0.12462634796937627, 0.06034137179001024, 0.10742244250892151, -0.05962419134805039, -0.048415523184643636, -0.3948376083806638, -0.2036296142866054, -0.11600366615720334, 0.15570832712485666, -0.12633078449627294, -0.18470599141813093, 0.4256187630411718, 0.024602667326408048, 0.22510768976362963, 0.022254564100125385, 0.17476264696658378, 0.04684419261607071, 0.07549117966404846, 0.060345331480306005, 0.13276460681621347, 0.1871878349537691, -0.009754575392411601, -0.16296722716501644, -0.041553692020956545, 0.1693141791128343] |
709.3594 | MCBs versus Fuses in Low-Voltage Applications: Critical Analysis Using
the 3-AND Convergence Classifier | The protection of any electrical installation is one of the most important
considerations in the field of electrical engineering. The electrical
installation should be protected against hazards such as overload current and
short circuit current conditions. The protection devices studied in this paper
are the Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) and the High Rupturing Capacity (HRC)
Fuse. Using a new tool known as the 3-AND Convergence Classifier, it was
observed that the MCB is the most reliable in terms of offering protection
against the damage caused by overload currents and the destruction caused by
short circuit currents.
| nlin.AO | the protection of any electrical installation is one of the most important considerations in the field of electrical engineering the electrical installation should be protected against hazards such as overload current and short circuit current conditions the protection devices studied in this paper are the miniature circuit breaker mcb and the high rupturing capacity hrc fuse using a new tool known as the 3and convergence classifier it was observed that the mcb is the most reliable in terms of offering protection against the damage caused by overload currents and the destruction caused by short circuit currents | [['the', 'protection', 'of', 'any', 'electrical', 'installation', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'considerations', 'in', 'the', 'field', 'of', 'electrical', 'engineering', 'the', 'electrical', 'installation', 'should', 'be', 'protected', 'against', 'hazards', 'such', 'as', 'overload', 'current', 'and', 'short', 'circuit', 'current', 'conditions', 'the', 'protection', 'devices', 'studied', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'are', 'the', 'miniature', 'circuit', 'breaker', 'mcb', 'and', 'the', 'high', 'rupturing', 'capacity', 'hrc', 'fuse', 'using', 'a', 'new', 'tool', 'known', 'as', 'the', '3and', 'convergence', 'classifier', 'it', 'was', 'observed', 'that', 'the', 'mcb', 'is', 'the', 'most', 'reliable', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'offering', 'protection', 'against', 'the', 'damage', 'caused', 'by', 'overload', 'currents', 'and', 'the', 'destruction', 'caused', 'by', 'short', 'circuit', 'currents']] | [-0.17543016653507948, 0.12072850057059743, 0.0024271088623208925, 0.038218125086132204, -0.046463063236539405, -0.19466582827832704, 0.05936869036546947, 0.3317968765428911, -0.24242958978720708, -0.31216220871040906, 0.17182820074109864, -0.27402432662832626, -0.13997478957026033, 0.2256037948844399, -0.1310888920609917, 0.06701576573201844, 0.017807292305709172, -0.011510302875346193, 0.03447003438729249, -0.22233113625164455, 0.22652720736611323, 0.11911217479306895, 0.34945652551444556, 0.09324481152483106, 0.040133937019466735, -0.01364873668353539, -0.0002282834223782023, 0.022400477445141103, -0.03874683476935085, 0.09825076217384776, 0.2526573598224786, 0.11813170801421317, 0.25269840358911705, -0.5180152145912871, -0.2280494030273985, 0.08204449105748306, 0.07136445298965555, 0.10389667850419453, -0.06663726672559278, -0.2666108797808799, 0.10446282572229393, -0.19015015397114135, -0.10591558702420419, -0.0477893213101197, -0.006202730188912635, 0.009247666729303697, -0.23669777335211015, -0.006295043698628433, 0.0628775345297375, 0.08974755324500923, -0.04778467951791754, -0.08604938469488843, -0.045737820638654135, 0.15248132418976942, 0.038189859813428484, 0.03775919907396504, 0.1988344035295692, -0.17894685188609097, -0.13633633069791054, 0.3442171472318781, -0.01643266623917346, -0.12417688951245509, 0.17410044240568823, -0.08025812156362615, -0.07513417610122512, 0.1176015296417366, 0.11953691561787612, 0.031783367458653324, -0.21232906998193357, 0.008499460031089257, 0.04527558104018681, 0.11594271817011759, 0.04992877697319879, 0.06662889785851196, 0.20292301520627612, 0.23225283151259646, 0.0779436035178757, 0.1680396566504593, -0.0947807389626784, 0.0014071282494114712, -0.3009793349192478, -0.1436832700467979, -0.15656853513792157, 0.07132307724532438, -0.030390323425460036, -0.1613402324631655, 0.4327830739979011, 0.19870340236229822, 0.11348324260446437, -0.029525813328897737, 0.3975314035002763, 0.11447894407562369, 0.12962758857853865, 0.09905307610461023, 0.2182024086456901, 0.10365501587026908, 0.12157406556070782, -0.2472043045757649, 0.18971577217356148, -0.0010875881659255053] |
709.3595 | Ubiquitous systems and metric number theory | We investigate the size and large intersection properties of
$$E_{t}=\{x\in\R^d \:|\: \|x-k-x_{i}\|<{r_{i}}^t\text{for infinitely
many}(i,k)\in I^{\mu,\alpha}\times\Z^d\},$$ where $d\in\N$, $t\geq 1$, $I$ is a
denumerable set, $(x_{i},r_{i})_{i\in I}$ is a family in $[0,1]^d\times
(0,\infty)$ and $I^{\mu,\alpha}$ denotes the set of all $i\in I$ such that the
$\mu$-mass of the ball with center $x_{i}$ and radius $r_{i}$ behaves as
${r_{i}}^\alpha$ for a given Borel measure $\mu$ and a given $\alpha>0$. We
establish that the set $E_{t}$ belongs to the class $\grint^h(\R^d)$ of sets
with large intersection with respect to a certain gauge function $h$, provided
that $(x_{i},r_{i})_{i\in I}$ is a heterogeneous ubiquitous system with respect
to $\mu$. In particular, $E_{t}$ has infinite Hausdorff $g$-measure for every
gauge function $g$ that increases faster than $h$ in a neighborhood of zero. We
also give several applications to metric number theory.
| math.MG math.NT | we investigate the size and large intersection properties of e_txinrd xkx_ir_ittextfor infinitely manyikin imualphatimeszd where dinn tgeq 1 i is a denumerable set x_ir_i_iin i is a family in 01dtimes 0infty and imualpha denotes the set of all iin i such that the mumass of the ball with center x_i and radius r_i behaves as r_ialpha for a given borel measure mu and a given alpha0 we establish that the set e_t belongs to the class grinthrd of sets with large intersection with respect to a certain gauge function h provided that x_ir_i_iin i is a heterogeneous ubiquitous system with respect to mu in particular e_t has infinite hausdorff gmeasure for every gauge function g that increases faster than h in a neighborhood of zero we also give several applications to metric number theory | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'size', 'and', 'large', 'intersection', 'properties', 'of', 'e_txinrd', 'xkx_ir_ittextfor', 'infinitely', 'manyikin', 'imualphatimeszd', 'where', 'dinn', 'tgeq', '1', 'i', 'is', 'a', 'denumerable', 'set', 'x_ir_i_iin', 'i', 'is', 'a', 'family', 'in', '01dtimes', '0infty', 'and', 'imualpha', 'denotes', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'all', 'iin', 'i', 'such', 'that', 'the', 'mumass', 'of', 'the', 'ball', 'with', 'center', 'x_i', 'and', 'radius', 'r_i', 'behaves', 'as', 'r_ialpha', 'for', 'a', 'given', 'borel', 'measure', 'mu', 'and', 'a', 'given', 'alpha0', 'we', 'establish', 'that', 'the', 'set', 'e_t', 'belongs', 'to', 'the', 'class', 'grinthrd', 'of', 'sets', 'with', 'large', 'intersection', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'a', 'certain', 'gauge', 'function', 'h', 'provided', 'that', 'x_ir_i_iin', 'i', 'is', 'a', 'heterogeneous', 'ubiquitous', 'system', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'mu', 'in', 'particular', 'e_t', 'has', 'infinite', 'hausdorff', 'gmeasure', 'for', 'every', 'gauge', 'function', 'g', 'that', 'increases', 'faster', 'than', 'h', 'in', 'a', 'neighborhood', 'of', 'zero', 'we', 'also', 'give', 'several', 'applications', 'to', 'metric', 'number', 'theory']] | [-0.15369961891067965, 0.1377387148414498, -0.022143459642275928, 0.032421860617638056, -0.04927473517337574, -0.15158273799029448, 0.02629066684993074, 0.3688591852213346, -0.2714001195835731, -0.18948674654952372, 0.07639672454623055, -0.3560801357811978, -0.08067672088697192, 0.1487593827055647, -0.07634280959609896, 0.03065596973042815, 0.031614126778402994, 0.12299183496807312, -0.039273658140201964, -0.22132202429178682, 0.33995399051984293, -0.059050052261520776, 0.1836113838343731, 0.026745817676607157, 0.127859883778353, -0.01219491850333138, 0.018501218813922134, 0.06681372984049601, -0.20719048712189467, 0.06401393718777164, 0.2070676633607476, 0.171618492537809, 0.3002092465457897, -0.2951289208166042, -0.14293817277141516, 0.23195393225778976, 0.1188867200098391, -0.01836748001345944, -0.008747632662209893, -0.2203510231244558, 0.18676070141185436, -0.1735888696125438, -0.16198820611199125, -0.021556818423578667, 0.15216557583170792, 0.04843746043409356, -0.3297971698921174, -0.009239583163786935, 0.06894675811241952, 0.05252688205350311, -0.02257758334669615, -0.14647289680884099, -0.037416291686954095, 0.06778061767334058, 0.03920176658110933, 0.1210736583377565, 0.07244079502913425, -0.09396356124911577, -0.07483611741824256, 0.40041596496678633, -0.0996766358341941, -0.22925974032090557, 0.1793429228634904, -0.21246847737300764, -0.16344910887968464, 0.10240945379595243, 0.1297884670221397, 0.12995336746661773, -0.05630319127662768, 0.1937522455813333, -0.10187756142019475, 0.11267874825693246, 0.056441412412471345, 0.06716153172085122, 0.12737694517859527, 0.1341703179021997, 0.15629231686433476, 0.13764684240243608, -0.0580011228805468, -0.02762087436783458, -0.4061115037259315, -0.16052150737208826, -0.21272805771854286, 0.13115559342024366, -0.12108845623996815, -0.1947390040675659, 0.3324450307465609, 0.11217133012495094, 0.2723002737808612, 0.09481188864447176, 0.17906462989987865, 0.10003629555555357, 0.024279903673994987, 0.1213177970926007, 0.07389709611062802, 0.1172016067317717, 0.006839114714473966, -0.14576250564442167, 0.013826996459805917, 0.0991045624813846] |
709.3596 | Singularity sets of Levy processes | We completely describe the size and large intersection properties of the
Holder singularity sets of Levy processes. We also study the set of times at
which a given function cannot be a modulus of continuity of a Levy process. The
Holder singularity sets of the sample paths of certain random wavelet series
are investigated as well.
| math.PR | we completely describe the size and large intersection properties of the holder singularity sets of levy processes we also study the set of times at which a given function cannot be a modulus of continuity of a levy process the holder singularity sets of the sample paths of certain random wavelet series are investigated as well | [['we', 'completely', 'describe', 'the', 'size', 'and', 'large', 'intersection', 'properties', 'of', 'the', 'holder', 'singularity', 'sets', 'of', 'levy', 'processes', 'we', 'also', 'study', 'the', 'set', 'of', 'times', 'at', 'which', 'a', 'given', 'function', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'a', 'modulus', 'of', 'continuity', 'of', 'a', 'levy', 'process', 'the', 'holder', 'singularity', 'sets', 'of', 'the', 'sample', 'paths', 'of', 'certain', 'random', 'wavelet', 'series', 'are', 'investigated', 'as', 'well']] | [-0.11558897312926619, 0.11132665395965441, -0.13613872175317324, 0.07809090507008047, -0.03635862146161104, -0.05185584528698472, 0.055572847353719305, 0.37006925758824016, -0.36193211582538326, -0.16911017076161347, 0.16014213882092582, -0.275018248772412, -0.10906431190015976, 0.19706974114830556, -0.07261849366324513, 0.11477972068742179, 0.016967900799946825, 0.007426909301756767, -0.041399718033509295, -0.2648505490730729, 0.3722014352864343, -0.004055807693747052, 0.22917629142798351, 0.013656329020465674, 0.11830125397005886, -0.011212511666184454, -0.042520749987217415, 0.044115275079221056, -0.17374381269409991, 0.06596848558177028, 0.19085068879812433, 0.09617279996082448, 0.28152091775024146, -0.35937871282300893, -0.18693435197009853, 0.181627788760683, 0.10664670670960556, 0.03674708344981793, 0.010149043445524416, -0.27557746200462835, 0.13276148178173522, -0.10623368754852236, -0.17387326614800513, -0.05942161956377197, 0.050638914990581964, 0.11333716000234217, -0.28670234238859593, 0.06321143155882805, 0.08097046465212643, 0.07479867378347799, -0.06161673402152302, -0.0855907794463922, -0.031982045138679575, 0.1060688058486241, 0.0311693562385667, -0.0017836616627806634, 0.1489538290178436, -0.09520328708254454, -0.1156728420112478, 0.3409474322474317, -0.05383694555054892, -0.21446118366561437, 0.1815079682294214, -0.24406820300378299, -0.1054201254768199, 0.12000921062242828, 0.1705880409368036, 0.15021134155655377, -0.19800772941099448, 0.12670796080962182, -0.02860281790051152, 0.09524792285734102, 0.11305613023751791, 0.061956707518874554, 0.13687409237517337, 0.1453853909971944, 0.1143820113175663, 0.1733948164027217, -0.045966877716413716, -0.03996658562110704, -0.4059171237116843, -0.16342620822813428, -0.2359540681395549, 0.11118281518314402, -0.16999854954554935, -0.28138986207838906, 0.40790543246712013, 0.06965069561020325, 0.2616653953221414, 0.10336733802442293, 0.16698414677133164, 0.15803100251650903, 0.017527753144110505, 0.05164951430797054, 0.11608675056905077, 0.10511676688155715, 0.06323421686038114, -0.12380940094181712, 0.0939737838987065, 0.09367658150496713] |
709.3597 | Random wavelet series based on a tree-indexed Markov chain | We study the global and local regularity properties of random wavelet series
whose coefficients exhibit correlations given by a tree-indexed Markov chain.
We determine the law of the spectrum of singularities of these series, thereby
performing their multifractal analysis. We also show that almost every sample
path displays an oscillating singularity at almost every point and that the
points at which a sample path has at most a given Holder exponent form a set
with large intersection.
| math.PR | we study the global and local regularity properties of random wavelet series whose coefficients exhibit correlations given by a treeindexed markov chain we determine the law of the spectrum of singularities of these series thereby performing their multifractal analysis we also show that almost every sample path displays an oscillating singularity at almost every point and that the points at which a sample path has at most a given holder exponent form a set with large intersection | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'global', 'and', 'local', 'regularity', 'properties', 'of', 'random', 'wavelet', 'series', 'whose', 'coefficients', 'exhibit', 'correlations', 'given', 'by', 'a', 'treeindexed', 'markov', 'chain', 'we', 'determine', 'the', 'law', 'of', 'the', 'spectrum', 'of', 'singularities', 'of', 'these', 'series', 'thereby', 'performing', 'their', 'multifractal', 'analysis', 'we', 'also', 'show', 'that', 'almost', 'every', 'sample', 'path', 'displays', 'an', 'oscillating', 'singularity', 'at', 'almost', 'every', 'point', 'and', 'that', 'the', 'points', 'at', 'which', 'a', 'sample', 'path', 'has', 'at', 'most', 'a', 'given', 'holder', 'exponent', 'form', 'a', 'set', 'with', 'large', 'intersection']] | [-0.1569314379390184, 0.07994290838163957, -0.16117687919479493, 0.026924866759641605, -0.005794075781074292, -0.11240125238266471, 0.06006195198581252, 0.38343062053446647, -0.3173540398771814, -0.20252115381034938, 0.12220724162875445, -0.34014919886438105, -0.14617688526919523, 0.1953339461938708, 0.018357543661803394, 0.0677157192772206, 0.05289542637221128, 0.06502443775776531, -0.05503564890982075, -0.22984006959799821, 0.3383711817638054, 0.02597181610884024, 0.2492784255655942, -0.028886318110026322, 0.13530310409070997, 0.03547226956307695, -0.04608538445665852, 0.04568077798013563, -0.17142868331764285, 0.08203227219304868, 0.1957366539576611, 0.05861482895039893, 0.2758110895172342, -0.33677087822916174, -0.17899818789189706, 0.16686151399240864, 0.13302495423704386, 0.048501351408285466, -0.014971485316100252, -0.23882152338500146, 0.1526761443184858, -0.09803697361622925, -0.19826052943849332, -0.08250857528613566, 0.03415878293068184, 0.0446678133675369, -0.2632114091259125, 0.05479904617048353, 0.09710120052921695, 0.138843619845227, -0.03383628883423259, -0.0372649729554239, -0.038536091815897976, 0.12966409759813702, 0.028647406298860714, 0.006341133076189594, 0.09455634456266976, -0.09912187308556848, -0.11163397126093313, 0.319942964531191, -0.06081086261705919, -0.14747023343277926, 0.16081528686736893, -0.23220258719566, -0.16807150576783755, 0.15982913952199862, 0.11532426525705627, 0.11015335817161007, -0.14576808952230524, 0.10828073764092881, -0.0661331716707194, 0.13633071469307828, 0.09401655579348664, 0.04469212830405344, 0.18128966045956726, 0.10441942914546311, 0.13282551165887868, 0.14378084429817928, -0.07118607029491164, -0.05826757691026508, -0.35186565057797864, -0.12995282567843988, -0.22738998984410005, 0.10300068585837091, -0.1729512633207744, -0.2587430412070705, 0.4287946518093299, 0.0889949487328085, 0.24546884427258334, 0.12598315915606867, 0.1750262010987703, 0.16213075102888222, 0.022561558555545553, 0.1407411682310623, 0.117492019948731, 0.08482712064869702, 0.0726336612874134, -0.17114570877188212, 0.06541460903675912, 0.11238894963564423] |
709.3598 | Random fractals and tree-indexed Markov chains | We study the size properties of a general model of fractal sets that are
based on a tree-indexed family of random compacts and a tree-indexed Markov
chain. These fractals may be regarded as a generalization of those resulting
from the Moran-like deterministic or random recursive constructions considered
by various authors. Among other applications, we consider various extensions of
Mandelbrot's fractal percolation process.
| math.PR | we study the size properties of a general model of fractal sets that are based on a treeindexed family of random compacts and a treeindexed markov chain these fractals may be regarded as a generalization of those resulting from the moranlike deterministic or random recursive constructions considered by various authors among other applications we consider various extensions of mandelbrots fractal percolation process | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'size', 'properties', 'of', 'a', 'general', 'model', 'of', 'fractal', 'sets', 'that', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'treeindexed', 'family', 'of', 'random', 'compacts', 'and', 'a', 'treeindexed', 'markov', 'chain', 'these', 'fractals', 'may', 'be', 'regarded', 'as', 'a', 'generalization', 'of', 'those', 'resulting', 'from', 'the', 'moranlike', 'deterministic', 'or', 'random', 'recursive', 'constructions', 'considered', 'by', 'various', 'authors', 'among', 'other', 'applications', 'we', 'consider', 'various', 'extensions', 'of', 'mandelbrots', 'fractal', 'percolation', 'process']] | [-0.0760063920780772, 0.15571381942536988, -0.06849533014121603, 0.11432904494105343, -0.05298550866666387, -0.1190039664659588, 0.04772974745004026, 0.3746206023898281, -0.30828904029226206, -0.19947645146796694, 0.14919215271279948, -0.2761748119211588, -0.20821465929344174, 0.21906926411921618, -0.05153325859640465, 0.08679121856379216, -0.0035949499789075775, 0.04279573200667491, -0.013807234526077499, -0.22822420578831654, 0.33402514929089266, -0.0065447851771213966, 0.2654448988099323, -0.03291490515999374, 0.05290594890133524, 0.01648903193837795, -0.047435957030011494, 0.09988074798182753, -0.17216117010267212, 0.1278609456189099, 0.1815863353673552, 0.0993937418689249, 0.2586653608767713, -0.37323409660440704, -0.27052940887811244, 0.15282144151689087, 0.12336151072847061, 0.10391147266768042, -0.01360100350670944, -0.2971236860478816, 0.08729011821560562, -0.16635900851888735, -0.14170518554708936, -0.044788939534823914, -0.018509399182102107, 0.13367259669972614, -0.2574710997554367, 0.01941813484261759, 0.1514305922385977, 0.06649979751401573, 0.007213356889417914, -0.1517523912480101, 0.0031790465276810478, 0.08853597430222225, -0.014741166186095292, -0.05472125710354599, 0.11499399128446325, -0.04513013285019847, -0.23394532687962055, 0.36515303641905034, -0.03798979548279379, -0.24410319212274473, 0.23991339067836887, -0.07944793990797928, -0.23343594540215906, 0.05928682805359608, 0.20865665266259772, 0.11600320883950249, -0.18434160387479379, 0.12054039864537505, -0.1064015225980614, 0.07974076800842265, 0.08539868223282401, 0.06217709600975065, 0.15175285575086953, 0.1780478676025313, 0.05672789170009802, 0.22367991624518344, -0.00045143654493645565, -0.1684565643062357, -0.2625435962662345, -0.12958709970421967, -0.2077161846987781, 0.10226720888701984, -0.1658692116518486, -0.2775790357626364, 0.37762307789420985, 0.13790421296994654, 0.24262429253182938, 0.10926141406668992, 0.16379683031166187, 0.09061622588902896, 0.0301208068296069, 0.03768587749084977, 0.07069496535619751, 0.14311054014967237, 0.026538460065045805, -0.06418050104393394, 0.09833238358594111, 0.17417368335557765] |
709.3599 | Liouville theorems for the Navier-Stokes equations and applications | We study bounded ancient solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. These are
the solutions which are defined for all past time. In two space dimensions we
prove that such solutions are either constant or functions of time only,
depending on the exact definition of admissible solutions. The general three
dimensional problem seems to be out of reach of existing techniques, but
partial results can be obtained in the case of axi-symmetric solutions. We
apply these results to some scenarios of potential singularity formation for
axi-symmetric solutions.
| math.AP | we study bounded ancient solutions of the navierstokes equations these are the solutions which are defined for all past time in two space dimensions we prove that such solutions are either constant or functions of time only depending on the exact definition of admissible solutions the general three dimensional problem seems to be out of reach of existing techniques but partial results can be obtained in the case of axisymmetric solutions we apply these results to some scenarios of potential singularity formation for axisymmetric solutions | [['we', 'study', 'bounded', 'ancient', 'solutions', 'of', 'the', 'navierstokes', 'equations', 'these', 'are', 'the', 'solutions', 'which', 'are', 'defined', 'for', 'all', 'past', 'time', 'in', 'two', 'space', 'dimensions', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'such', 'solutions', 'are', 'either', 'constant', 'or', 'functions', 'of', 'time', 'only', 'depending', 'on', 'the', 'exact', 'definition', 'of', 'admissible', 'solutions', 'the', 'general', 'three', 'dimensional', 'problem', 'seems', 'to', 'be', 'out', 'of', 'reach', 'of', 'existing', 'techniques', 'but', 'partial', 'results', 'can', 'be', 'obtained', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'axisymmetric', 'solutions', 'we', 'apply', 'these', 'results', 'to', 'some', 'scenarios', 'of', 'potential', 'singularity', 'formation', 'for', 'axisymmetric', 'solutions']] | [-0.156466575599659, 0.0371292098041843, -0.06854579724809702, 0.06995387590106796, -0.07112289363080088, -0.12964269439963733, -0.03397762019406347, 0.33791106693884904, -0.25482411316650755, -0.25130247165284614, 0.20895568291547106, -0.27492892674225217, -0.1191190278294551, 0.2233776717693271, -0.02728495830669999, 0.0896609194795875, 0.07607233043321791, 0.02190755837432602, -0.10412221382481648, -0.305309001202969, 0.3923077932175468, -0.08719562815830988, 0.21316064877764268, 0.036978595599751266, 0.0824632989571375, -0.11118641540079433, -0.021286389746648423, 0.07902670025462559, -0.2030099791862406, 0.06619136819807703, 0.27035924736958217, 0.13631845973705983, 0.24275545718915323, -0.4705479862058864, -0.21728401619064458, 0.14216098151005366, 0.1827745290527887, 0.15701123278122395, -0.025623899088788996, -0.25812985585618986, 0.1283257792046403, -0.11962631788543042, -0.20048715643146459, -0.09905182138523634, 0.0009362169541418553, 0.08665595965952996, -0.26427040932809603, 0.09817464986049076, 0.06184797651846619, -0.018894450319930912, -0.19513041847933302, -0.09799346983679297, 0.005567111650153118, 0.09642508208258625, 0.10875361159389071, -0.013054191395092537, 0.04958896783783155, -0.13689987216913485, -0.12269406364135006, 0.35268434814232236, -0.04615635365685996, -0.3004529371090672, 0.22418996013755746, -0.1526892160942011, -0.10713020129238858, 0.09553244782556944, 0.16497106172473114, 0.21010167624472695, -0.11851176247548531, 0.11976784259519156, -0.05772299467969467, 0.12267246599692633, 0.12756746270529487, 0.01579610901843647, 0.1668837823521565, 0.1023913196671535, 0.09447210298522431, 0.08956813916618771, -0.006664416070698815, -0.15477810523417943, -0.3187351875445422, -0.13530203359721996, -0.10588961860630661, 0.08504352633403066, -0.1091023817209883, -0.17833002988687333, 0.38407552850925747, 0.12389318294590339, 0.14870301257161533, 0.06949913667323178, 0.23646952940342839, 0.15070012971101437, 0.022053620414739912, 0.09180971151217818, 0.25358345159363715, 0.0457363777081756, 0.07828065548639963, -0.14767544127535076, 0.019665054123684324, 0.11236899642544278] |
709.36 | Cooperative Multiplexing in a Half Duplex Relay Network: Performance and
Constraints | Previous work on relay networks has concentrated primarily on the diversity
benefits of such techniques. This paper explores the possibility of also
obtaining multiplexing gain in a relay network, while retaining diversity gain.
Specifically, consider a network in which a single source node is equipped with
one antenna and a destination is equipped with two antennas. It is shown that,
in certain scenarios, by adding a relay with two antennas and using a
successive relaying protocol, the diversity multiplexing tradeoff performance
of the network can be lower bounded by that of a 2 by 2 MIMO channel, when the
decode-and-forward protocol is applied at the relay. A distributed D-BLAST
architecture is developed, in which parallel channel coding is applied to
achieve this tradeoff. A space-time coding strategy, which can bring a maximal
multiplexing gain of more than one, is also derived for this scenario. As will
be shown, while this space-time coding strategy exploits maximal diversity for
a small multiplexing gain, the proposed successive relaying scheme offers a
significant performance advantage for higher data rate transmission. In
addition to the specific results shown here, these ideas open a new direction
for exploiting the benefits of wireless relay networks.
| cs.IT math.IT | previous work on relay networks has concentrated primarily on the diversity benefits of such techniques this paper explores the possibility of also obtaining multiplexing gain in a relay network while retaining diversity gain specifically consider a network in which a single source node is equipped with one antenna and a destination is equipped with two antennas it is shown that in certain scenarios by adding a relay with two antennas and using a successive relaying protocol the diversity multiplexing tradeoff performance of the network can be lower bounded by that of a 2 by 2 mimo channel when the decodeandforward protocol is applied at the relay a distributed dblast architecture is developed in which parallel channel coding is applied to achieve this tradeoff a spacetime coding strategy which can bring a maximal multiplexing gain of more than one is also derived for this scenario as will be shown while this spacetime coding strategy exploits maximal diversity for a small multiplexing gain the proposed successive relaying scheme offers a significant performance advantage for higher data rate transmission in addition to the specific results shown here these ideas open a new direction for exploiting the benefits of wireless relay networks | [['previous', 'work', 'on', 'relay', 'networks', 'has', 'concentrated', 'primarily', 'on', 'the', 'diversity', 'benefits', 'of', 'such', 'techniques', 'this', 'paper', 'explores', 'the', 'possibility', 'of', 'also', 'obtaining', 'multiplexing', 'gain', 'in', 'a', 'relay', 'network', 'while', 'retaining', 'diversity', 'gain', 'specifically', 'consider', 'a', 'network', 'in', 'which', 'a', 'single', 'source', 'node', 'is', 'equipped', 'with', 'one', 'antenna', 'and', 'a', 'destination', 'is', 'equipped', 'with', 'two', 'antennas', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'in', 'certain', 'scenarios', 'by', 'adding', 'a', 'relay', 'with', 'two', 'antennas', 'and', 'using', 'a', 'successive', 'relaying', 'protocol', 'the', 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'here', 'these', 'ideas', 'open', 'a', 'new', 'direction', 'for', 'exploiting', 'the', 'benefits', 'of', 'wireless', 'relay', 'networks']] | [-0.23789780602086014, 0.03790802059477658, -0.06736748445032135, -0.01781588789077977, -0.07697602900851348, -0.29348452035857714, 0.11137110306343612, 0.41408255898634794, -0.27523032555753735, -0.24498995853030137, 0.07814256228012538, -0.22776004386271545, -0.19248620265631505, 0.16338464214707615, -0.12208386174483499, 0.015582742349145376, 0.053393407877260435, 0.051177045406045646, -0.02142683521083315, -0.2851910774281655, 0.31623621571036103, 0.13244947577415384, 0.3854651188094944, 0.025193617780820517, 0.13779010110816015, -0.022011295041343585, -0.017396878084725686, -0.028195721203068905, -0.05564233811542942, 0.11406994827427348, 0.3282743266019568, 0.18467857795743847, 0.3122306333850067, -0.357565678060433, -0.31246106953922714, 0.06849450764227374, 0.21085225940247063, 0.0840708350811182, -0.08011242466292351, -0.2536069860086223, 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709.3601 | Hurwitz numbers for regular coverings of surfaces by seamed surfaces and
Cardy-Frobenius algebras of finite groups | Analogue of classical Hurwitz numbers is defined in the work for regular
coverings of surfaces with marked points by seamed surfaces. Class of surfaces
includes surfaces of any genus and orientability, with or without boundaries;
coverings may have certain singularities over the boundary and marked points.
Seamed surfaces introduced earlier are not actually surfaces. A simple example
of seamed surface is book-like seamed surface: several rectangles glued by
edges like sheets in a book.
We prove that Hurwitz numbers for a class of regular coverings with action of
fixed finite group $G$ on cover space such that stabilizers of generic points
are conjugated to a fixed subgroup $K\subset G$ defines a new example of Klein
Topological Field Theory (KTFT). It is known that KTFTs are in one-to-one
correspondence with certain class of algebras, called in the work
Cardy-Frobenius algebras. We constructed a wide class of Cardy-Frobenius
algebras, including particularly all Hecke algebras for finite groups.
Cardy-Frobenius algebras corresponding to regular coverings of surfaces by
seamed surfaces are described in terms of group $G$ and its subgroups. As a
result, we give an algebraic formula for introduced Hurwitz numbers.
| math.GT math.RA | analogue of classical hurwitz numbers is defined in the work for regular coverings of surfaces with marked points by seamed surfaces class of surfaces includes surfaces of any genus and orientability with or without boundaries coverings may have certain singularities over the boundary and marked points seamed surfaces introduced earlier are not actually surfaces a simple example of seamed surface is booklike seamed surface several rectangles glued by edges like sheets in a book we prove that hurwitz numbers for a class of regular coverings with action of fixed finite group g on cover space such that stabilizers of generic points are conjugated to a fixed subgroup ksubset g defines a new example of klein topological field theory ktft it is known that ktfts are in onetoone correspondence with certain class of algebras called in the work cardyfrobenius algebras we constructed a wide class of cardyfrobenius algebras including particularly all hecke algebras for finite groups cardyfrobenius algebras corresponding to regular coverings of surfaces by seamed surfaces are described in terms of group g and its subgroups as a result we give an algebraic formula for introduced hurwitz numbers | [['analogue', 'of', 'classical', 'hurwitz', 'numbers', 'is', 'defined', 'in', 'the', 'work', 'for', 'regular', 'coverings', 'of', 'surfaces', 'with', 'marked', 'points', 'by', 'seamed', 'surfaces', 'class', 'of', 'surfaces', 'includes', 'surfaces', 'of', 'any', 'genus', 'and', 'orientability', 'with', 'or', 'without', 'boundaries', 'coverings', 'may', 'have', 'certain', 'singularities', 'over', 'the', 'boundary', 'and', 'marked', 'points', 'seamed', 'surfaces', 'introduced', 'earlier', 'are', 'not', 'actually', 'surfaces', 'a', 'simple', 'example', 'of', 'seamed', 'surface', 'is', 'booklike', 'seamed', 'surface', 'several', 'rectangles', 'glued', 'by', 'edges', 'like', 'sheets', 'in', 'a', 'book', 'we', 'prove', 'that', 'hurwitz', 'numbers', 'for', 'a', 'class', 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709.3602 | Time and length scales of autocrine signals in three dimensions | A model of autocrine signaling in cultures of suspended cells is developed on
the basis of the effective medium approximation. The fraction of autocrine
ligands, the mean and distribution of distances traveled by paracrine ligands
before binding, as well as the mean and distribution of the ligand lifetime are
derived. Interferon signaling by dendritic immune cells is considered as an
illustration.
| q-bio.QM q-bio.SC | a model of autocrine signaling in cultures of suspended cells is developed on the basis of the effective medium approximation the fraction of autocrine ligands the mean and distribution of distances traveled by paracrine ligands before binding as well as the mean and distribution of the ligand lifetime are derived interferon signaling by dendritic immune cells is considered as an illustration | [['a', 'model', 'of', 'autocrine', 'signaling', 'in', 'cultures', 'of', 'suspended', 'cells', 'is', 'developed', 'on', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'the', 'effective', 'medium', 'approximation', 'the', 'fraction', 'of', 'autocrine', 'ligands', 'the', 'mean', 'and', 'distribution', 'of', 'distances', 'traveled', 'by', 'paracrine', 'ligands', 'before', 'binding', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'the', 'mean', 'and', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'ligand', 'lifetime', 'are', 'derived', 'interferon', 'signaling', 'by', 'dendritic', 'immune', 'cells', 'is', 'considered', 'as', 'an', 'illustration']] | [-0.0892073392727771, 0.19217927409856023, 0.01035113806729434, 0.061438052720374996, 0.06124232965903204, -0.12380205022293281, 0.1160254898847493, 0.36141264145491553, -0.2345875735379389, -0.298213064441549, 0.013809896728833069, -0.27650010918618223, -0.2181619446377316, 0.11213347049750631, -0.0630967216566205, -0.014820233491234115, -0.0029193660297782207, 0.05913455323239819, 0.09236278282631127, -0.18398861850413387, 0.19195097509283024, 0.12644298968561848, 0.27570973764188955, 0.07130871724993845, 0.12917068839401435, -0.011204005958565862, 0.028258947441812423, 0.008544099257617701, -0.10381168891965854, 0.12319378998344306, 0.19373836304198522, 0.10479415417267163, 0.27510431839427985, -0.48575434326881267, -0.2871011086724332, 0.042783490473740415, 0.22710417723283172, 0.12163699958397106, -0.03611089502362015, -0.24001886623102378, 0.021721352483374905, -0.16362400262876123, -0.1431064165853819, 0.001576356040161164, 0.04708549474961445, 0.1339622921096619, -0.2308172320366883, 0.13935735115168815, -0.023214076540707687, 0.08544264291794818, -0.1355695926019403, -0.18060892870741302, -0.06063761551803375, 0.20204670988328632, 0.07022989189183554, 0.00670289812365272, 0.26571494795870587, -0.11049345261646343, -0.06855522285475106, 0.37182940035432455, -0.041380982586472735, -0.2026371113177328, 0.14463054617393578, -0.07200273955393521, 0.010243722512463077, 0.13242409924869655, 0.16073665288505984, 0.12420979719303671, -0.2024800706288365, 0.017752659398314285, -0.01702329791227325, 0.14997464716129127, 0.1000869706746374, 0.025860995393948722, 0.14014783877207607, 0.21250129036116797, 0.02077063643297211, 0.1063008753918722, -0.11466895938339475, -0.1124142195540862, -0.21617580028098138, -0.17885771662485403, -0.19992345419605492, 0.07012374551020197, -0.08093376277486, -0.18221475658785613, 0.3445504082702711, -0.01578711093876694, 0.19385329964876052, 0.09394517982164856, 0.26749834381654614, 0.0014176338330888357, 0.12189622423382568, -0.02880538978659716, 0.18900259426932353, 0.16384318090028693, 0.0413600953475221, -0.274739658898964, 0.17801615559175366, 0.05161544246996035] |
709.3603 | Fibonacci schemes of fault-tolerant quantum computation | The threshold estimate derived in previous versions of this paper was
incorrect; this note explains the flaw. A new proof is discussed in
arXiv:0809.5063.
| quant-ph | the threshold estimate derived in previous versions of this paper was incorrect this note explains the flaw a new proof is discussed in arxiv08095063 | [['the', 'threshold', 'estimate', 'derived', 'in', 'previous', 'versions', 'of', 'this', 'paper', 'was', 'incorrect', 'this', 'note', 'explains', 'the', 'flaw', 'a', 'new', 'proof', 'is', 'discussed', 'in', 'arxiv08095063']] | [-0.11236016517100127, 0.012275648748745089, -0.13171469274422395, 0.12137122627894353, -0.0770412310148063, -0.06816231566683753, 0.06933015249365859, 0.2693466971749845, -0.19406240708802058, -0.28547538995094923, 0.08229962634125157, -0.2138249731177221, -0.2264087002081594, 0.16487269686615985, -0.27572284351386456, -0.013309794923533564, 0.07587410330407969, -0.004949892749604972, -0.05680940081567868, -0.2673617876742197, 0.34173228672665096, 0.08537865535396597, 0.26767067526183697, 0.12537176712699558, 0.05590923254013709, 0.003291802764262842, -0.11341496832344843, -0.015060109248303848, -0.21039522443290637, 0.1351476740496962, 0.2257069674037073, 0.08060590461220431, 0.2877439723714538, -0.324918115997444, -0.17245391885871472, 0.07551638782024384, 0.17114770018404513, 0.21662676326282646, -0.0598339588664796, -0.21756333910414707, 0.12296058225404957, -0.191889400958367, -0.1939276418770137, 0.039696658313598324, 0.028030461267284725, -0.012330508568202671, -0.20333982275232024, 0.08421822877236358, 0.1623167202848455, 0.04740654199343661, -0.02227665592268433, -0.17111341713968178, 0.12311836712710235, 0.013222443000615938, 0.09578319105481647, 0.07655543765134137, 0.05361334388346776, -0.044104847793831774, -0.10366919644824836, 0.31575212643846223, -0.02328825223705043, -0.12641985179937404, 0.14551391208584866, -0.05111019127070904, -0.22816839800013797, 0.059272309684235115, 0.07693712042806589, 0.1073514657580982, -0.234099501926128, 0.05782124521615713, -0.12374374728001979, 0.19139672410876854, 0.10393112950512896, -0.02885915306599244, 0.11067382327240446, 0.14686538728520923, 0.0039041338731413302, 0.2038856474277766, -0.016273416254831398, -0.07494057779726775, -0.4016395885011424, -0.15882559282624203, -0.2000212413461312, 0.0013835426652804017, 0.04537820111474265, -0.12219020254586054, 0.42152297561583313, 0.2718302362153064, 0.20606726229838704, 0.08357786516780438, 0.2871874996825405, 0.17787515813403804, -0.034877839639944876, 0.02364897288625007, 0.3560024729889372, 0.11973980798021606, 0.143584039548169, -0.09994978119578699, 0.1475755246558591, 0.13599277337071608] |
709.3604 | Periodic States, Local Effects and Coexistence in the BML Traffic Jam
Model | The Biham-Middleton-Levine model (BML) is simple lattice model of traffic
flow, self-organization and jamming. Rather than a sharp phase transition
between free-flow and jammed, it was recently shown that there is a region
where stable intermediate states exist, with details dependent on the aspect
ratio of the underlying lattice. Here we investigate square aspect ratios,
focusing on the region where random, disordered intermediate (DI) states and
conventional global jam (GJ) states coexist, and show that DI states dominate
for some densities and timescales. Moreover, we show that periodic intermediate
(PI) states can also coexist. PI states converge to periodic limit cycles with
short recurrence times and were previously conjectured to arise from
idiosyncrasies of relatively prime aspect ratios. The observed coexistence of
DI, PI and GJ states shows that global parameters, density together with aspect
ratio, are not sufficient to determine the full jamming outcome. We investigate
additional features that lead towards jamming and show that a strategic
perturbation of a few selected bits can change the nature of the flow,
nucleating a global jam.
| cond-mat.stat-mech | the bihammiddletonlevine model bml is simple lattice model of traffic flow selforganization and jamming rather than a sharp phase transition between freeflow and jammed it was recently shown that there is a region where stable intermediate states exist with details dependent on the aspect ratio of the underlying lattice here we investigate square aspect ratios focusing on the region where random disordered intermediate di states and conventional global jam gj states coexist and show that di states dominate for some densities and timescales moreover we show that periodic intermediate pi states can also coexist pi states converge to periodic limit cycles with short recurrence times and were previously conjectured to arise from idiosyncrasies of relatively prime aspect ratios the observed coexistence of di pi and gj states shows that global parameters density together with aspect ratio are not sufficient to determine the full jamming outcome we investigate additional features that lead towards jamming and show that a strategic perturbation of a few selected bits can change the nature of the flow nucleating a global jam | [['the', 'bihammiddletonlevine', 'model', 'bml', 'is', 'simple', 'lattice', 'model', 'of', 'traffic', 'flow', 'selforganization', 'and', 'jamming', 'rather', 'than', 'a', 'sharp', 'phase', 'transition', 'between', 'freeflow', 'and', 'jammed', 'it', 'was', 'recently', 'shown', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'region', 'where', 'stable', 'intermediate', 'states', 'exist', 'with', 'details', 'dependent', 'on', 'the', 'aspect', 'ratio', 'of', 'the', 'underlying', 'lattice', 'here', 'we', 'investigate', 'square', 'aspect', 'ratios', 'focusing', 'on', 'the', 'region', 'where', 'random', 'disordered', 'intermediate', 'di', 'states', 'and', 'conventional', 'global', 'jam', 'gj', 'states', 'coexist', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'di', 'states', 'dominate', 'for', 'some', 'densities', 'and', 'timescales', 'moreover', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'periodic', 'intermediate', 'pi', 'states', 'can', 'also', 'coexist', 'pi', 'states', 'converge', 'to', 'periodic', 'limit', 'cycles', 'with', 'short', 'recurrence', 'times', 'and', 'were', 'previously', 'conjectured', 'to', 'arise', 'from', 'idiosyncrasies', 'of', 'relatively', 'prime', 'aspect', 'ratios', 'the', 'observed', 'coexistence', 'of', 'di', 'pi', 'and', 'gj', 'states', 'shows', 'that', 'global', 'parameters', 'density', 'together', 'with', 'aspect', 'ratio', 'are', 'not', 'sufficient', 'to', 'determine', 'the', 'full', 'jamming', 'outcome', 'we', 'investigate', 'additional', 'features', 'that', 'lead', 'towards', 'jamming', 'and', 'show', 'that', 'a', 'strategic', 'perturbation', 'of', 'a', 'few', 'selected', 'bits', 'can', 'change', 'the', 'nature', 'of', 'the', 'flow', 'nucleating', 'a', 'global', 'jam']] | [-0.1853153186351327, 0.205994276159576, -0.11880498708358833, 0.059820177528807625, -0.016611159002142294, -0.18418173876557764, 0.09165164721597518, 0.34423200879245996, -0.2357236994323986, -0.2569608854662095, 0.07702034360596112, -0.27023364428430796, -0.16987040961560393, 0.1074414358687188, -0.025755011298263394, 0.02561094398610294, 0.036823736721915856, 0.017623408045619727, -0.03750583631119558, -0.2010096008277365, 0.2810638047062925, 0.005798561247065664, 0.28226416174322366, 0.0426904206749584, 0.055647612206770905, -0.010059947831822293, 0.03834864182530769, 0.022179081945547036, -0.17162581228110607, 0.01755867504015831, 0.24405937307647296, 0.042577688531684026, 0.18523540891706944, -0.41620391218789987, -0.2231012217913355, 0.11052238375214593, 0.14866199594855842, 0.08329547181592456, 0.002954258006066084, -0.2649506992474198, 0.11899583621083626, -0.1605603411015389, -0.10985539916570165, -0.0688657254339861, 0.06091153145900795, 0.0324268937175501, -0.29137643002771907, 0.09157139487947072, 0.059407599113349405, 0.07241652996678437, -0.060041031423690064, -0.1323217251910163, -0.06160206070968083, 0.1319362935553571, 0.023380728313765888, 0.0001832544490961092, 0.13833216622205718, -0.11653854002111724, -0.07838058100946779, 0.35547754988074304, -0.028796984908985905, -0.13173721229790578, 0.2368468376142638, -0.14417675395363144, -0.14630345017516186, 0.1653602063602635, 0.15913014040993792, 0.07690468854004784, -0.050889060321663106, 0.006188034513699157, -0.05963349656135376, 0.223489801697433, 0.07502699507932578, 0.055200464581804616, 0.2152482655271888, 0.14100801666001125, 0.10347767851847624, 0.12425448537405048, -0.10520190443677295, -0.15622026776894926, -0.24862858094807183, -0.10714319069204586, -0.16128538197704723, 0.05829783822950308, -0.06449608002057565, -0.13217366910755768, 0.34245872603463273, 0.10104287634470634, 0.252975908331573, 0.04892232814138489, 0.22370177988229054, 0.09005729992308521, 0.01058372980781964, 0.0992343054871474, 0.26112501218465956, 0.10325305351056159, 0.091184805277735, -0.2086713195442488, 0.0988892474398017, 0.03629031118471175] |
709.3605 | Interactions of Hermitian and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians | The coupling of non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians to standard Hermitian
Hamiltonians, each of which individually has a real energy spectrum, is
explored by means of a number of soluble models. It is found that in all cases
the energy remains real for small values of the coupling constant, but becomes
complex if the coupling becomes stronger than some critical value. For a
quadratic non-Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian coupled to an arbitrary real
Hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, the reality of the ground-state energy for
small enough coupling constant is established up to second order in
perturbation theory.
| hep-th | the coupling of nonhermitian ptsymmetric hamiltonians to standard hermitian hamiltonians each of which individually has a real energy spectrum is explored by means of a number of soluble models it is found that in all cases the energy remains real for small values of the coupling constant but becomes complex if the coupling becomes stronger than some critical value for a quadratic nonhermitian ptsymmetric hamiltonian coupled to an arbitrary real hermitian ptsymmetric hamiltonian the reality of the groundstate energy for small enough coupling constant is established up to second order in perturbation theory | [['the', 'coupling', 'of', 'nonhermitian', 'ptsymmetric', 'hamiltonians', 'to', 'standard', 'hermitian', 'hamiltonians', 'each', 'of', 'which', 'individually', 'has', 'a', 'real', 'energy', 'spectrum', 'is', 'explored', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'soluble', 'models', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'in', 'all', 'cases', 'the', 'energy', 'remains', 'real', 'for', 'small', 'values', 'of', 'the', 'coupling', 'constant', 'but', 'becomes', 'complex', 'if', 'the', 'coupling', 'becomes', 'stronger', 'than', 'some', 'critical', 'value', 'for', 'a', 'quadratic', 'nonhermitian', 'ptsymmetric', 'hamiltonian', 'coupled', 'to', 'an', 'arbitrary', 'real', 'hermitian', 'ptsymmetric', 'hamiltonian', 'the', 'reality', 'of', 'the', 'groundstate', 'energy', 'for', 'small', 'enough', 'coupling', 'constant', 'is', 'established', 'up', 'to', 'second', 'order', 'in', 'perturbation', 'theory']] | [-0.19979968266617956, 0.1927672491463024, 0.022682102164253592, 0.05798280256004223, -0.05484208233794698, -0.2299439885493328, -0.04179609650670881, 0.35059618028581785, -0.22091694525192662, -0.2714498937931112, 0.047208064173157975, -0.276351283970339, -0.15919495906220169, 0.16231234453778753, 0.027921868458149895, 0.07606306947878518, 0.03988647419879193, 0.10501942283884493, -0.07794408493935662, -0.22590399710761924, 0.3383112155359178, 0.0334550878533753, 0.1629868429755011, 0.0860750817991693, 0.03877415588145615, 0.0067947641921339815, 0.1350990295990981, -0.010092631208833828, -0.09496078022634573, 0.06882246897145304, 0.246147558850905, 0.00879584577295088, 0.2737898605284832, -0.37762608553373045, -0.20808874903827584, 0.18366303363995207, 0.11918404570690566, 0.13377905364013126, -0.015200700931331163, -0.2609342499886469, 0.03625832706995268, -0.15027188983625703, -0.19827758740653756, -0.11470203412576549, 0.07486542358353573, -0.058188295933187646, -0.28864144463773056, 0.04982789648917093, 0.004661619142499021, 0.04473601214547632, -0.07192596365817852, -0.06806488129340353, -0.06858444571374886, 0.060655989754264075, 0.02049369466370873, -0.016293001371205495, 0.0835690658829946, -0.09782518315759878, -0.04356361060873956, 0.4478206865549568, -0.0635834437920474, -0.22355142656353214, 0.1477812701956399, -0.09618742334886744, -0.08627093287925887, 0.1689927012369197, 0.09240553022352277, 0.10115201136357682, -0.11667384919510172, 0.20888880517093406, -0.02613894164722453, 0.1816573263276168, 0.029339547719686263, 0.017310866770604925, 0.13733357892081302, 0.09195785689347934, 0.10329607070138257, 0.09825695356634516, 0.050834983106582396, -0.2064778312129439, -0.29518119516151564, -0.12061988411130764, -0.2844130013110517, 0.12307229658503646, -0.13381786191690792, -0.2121525039315544, 0.4546804699185555, 0.10847366364893093, 0.18638938320619156, 0.050362177134331276, 0.26163672297311724, 0.22214307489564583, 0.11424341696685039, 0.044778040495090266, 0.31015461240300496, 0.16742773091931257, 0.06734277229876287, -0.21840374039827787, -0.035710037459358974, 0.023649123171845112] |
709.3606 | Noise enhanced persistence in a biochemical regulatory network with
feedback control | We find that discrete noise of inhibiting (signal) molecules can greatly
delay the extinction of plasmids in a plasmid replication system: a
prototypical biochemical regulatory network. We calculate the probability
distribution of the metastable state of the plasmids and show on this example
that the reaction rate equations may fail in predicting the average number of
regulated molecules even when this number is large, and the time is much
shorter than the mean extinction time.
| q-bio.MN cond-mat.stat-mech | we find that discrete noise of inhibiting signal molecules can greatly delay the extinction of plasmids in a plasmid replication system a prototypical biochemical regulatory network we calculate the probability distribution of the metastable state of the plasmids and show on this example that the reaction rate equations may fail in predicting the average number of regulated molecules even when this number is large and the time is much shorter than the mean extinction time | [['we', 'find', 'that', 'discrete', 'noise', 'of', 'inhibiting', 'signal', 'molecules', 'can', 'greatly', 'delay', 'the', 'extinction', 'of', 'plasmids', 'in', 'a', 'plasmid', 'replication', 'system', 'a', 'prototypical', 'biochemical', 'regulatory', 'network', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'probability', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'metastable', 'state', 'of', 'the', 'plasmids', 'and', 'show', 'on', 'this', 'example', 'that', 'the', 'reaction', 'rate', 'equations', 'may', 'fail', 'in', 'predicting', 'the', 'average', 'number', 'of', 'regulated', 'molecules', 'even', 'when', 'this', 'number', 'is', 'large', 'and', 'the', 'time', 'is', 'much', 'shorter', 'than', 'the', 'mean', 'extinction', 'time']] | [-0.17420188585917154, 0.15286672261854012, -0.037324684799726435, 0.08188269617191206, 0.03530981950151424, -0.11859869891156753, 0.09875397432595491, 0.3569395981294413, -0.2714142916599909, -0.2746281950113674, 0.05609735032233099, -0.23831672497093678, -0.16611464284049968, 0.15317506277312834, -0.06926004772384961, 0.017611965040365853, 0.0647014826660355, 0.04824808774826427, 0.04061151651976009, -0.23077113444606462, 0.2525900925664852, 0.08126536799284319, 0.26099995953341326, 0.03777850478732338, 0.08644549990693728, -0.04785809568750361, 0.001679285381299754, -0.016641550056325893, -0.09980369259234673, 0.09967410389333964, 0.2181443084962666, 0.1343507869107028, 0.2723240650693576, -0.48267841383814813, -0.2534132624169191, 0.1828901311568916, 0.18002189738055072, 0.21001555502414704, -0.032281931472631795, -0.21604914661496877, 0.03523988448083401, -0.14865147448455293, -0.101424207786719, -0.012963757514953614, 0.06298629358410836, 0.09163301932315032, -0.24723031031588713, 0.11760082090894382, 0.0148587459543099, 0.03868022081752618, -0.08348892643426856, -0.11737289888629068, -0.09812700183130801, 0.14840344723197632, 0.047760488567873835, 0.0020830469535818943, 0.2120587366571029, -0.16204753577709197, -0.049492023369918266, 0.37032395782570043, -0.08667304494825658, -0.17960580207407476, 0.17165382574001947, -0.17770692508667707, -0.12342327109227579, 0.21222296771903834, 0.18943726478144526, 0.13407543526962398, -0.15243245298450347, -0.018987137353979052, -0.001651507926483949, 0.2340943339218696, 0.08178468396887183, 0.039275131691247224, 0.1283815642322103, 0.20895437429038186, 0.058746762250860535, 0.13268038680156072, -0.13525841963011773, -0.14028824845949808, -0.22399957488601407, -0.17764102395623924, -0.17214872227050365, 0.12203089689215024, -0.12485631673247553, -0.1262434181571007, 0.37559569885333377, 0.12337735133400808, 0.2000080747931012, 0.13384993661815922, 0.26341004638622206, 0.13076764897753795, 0.06344709979991119, 0.03438431112716595, 0.183535644300282, 0.045467700740943355, 0.06608271749690176, -0.30118533831089733, 0.20708334835246206, -0.004476458691060543] |
709.3607 | Toroidal metamaterial | It is shown that a new type of metamaterial, a 3D-array of toroidal
solenoids, displays a significant toroidal response that can be readily
measured. This is in sharp contrast to materials that exist in nature, where
the toroidal component is weak and hardly measurable. The existence of an
optimal configuration, maximizing the interaction with an external
electromagnetic field, is demonstrated. In addition, it is found that a
characteristic feature of the magnetic toroidal response is its strong
dependence on the background dielectric permittivity of the host material,
which suggests possible applications. Negative refraction and backward waves
exist in a composite toroidal metamaterial, consisting of an array of wires and
an array of toroidal solenoids.
| physics.class-ph | it is shown that a new type of metamaterial a 3darray of toroidal solenoids displays a significant toroidal response that can be readily measured this is in sharp contrast to materials that exist in nature where the toroidal component is weak and hardly measurable the existence of an optimal configuration maximizing the interaction with an external electromagnetic field is demonstrated in addition it is found that a characteristic feature of the magnetic toroidal response is its strong dependence on the background dielectric permittivity of the host material which suggests possible applications negative refraction and backward waves exist in a composite toroidal metamaterial consisting of an array of wires and an array of toroidal solenoids | [['it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'a', 'new', 'type', 'of', 'metamaterial', 'a', '3darray', 'of', 'toroidal', 'solenoids', 'displays', 'a', 'significant', 'toroidal', 'response', 'that', 'can', 'be', 'readily', 'measured', 'this', 'is', 'in', 'sharp', 'contrast', 'to', 'materials', 'that', 'exist', 'in', 'nature', 'where', 'the', 'toroidal', 'component', 'is', 'weak', 'and', 'hardly', 'measurable', 'the', 'existence', 'of', 'an', 'optimal', 'configuration', 'maximizing', 'the', 'interaction', 'with', 'an', 'external', 'electromagnetic', 'field', 'is', 'demonstrated', 'in', 'addition', 'it', 'is', 'found', 'that', 'a', 'characteristic', 'feature', 'of', 'the', 'magnetic', 'toroidal', 'response', 'is', 'its', 'strong', 'dependence', 'on', 'the', 'background', 'dielectric', 'permittivity', 'of', 'the', 'host', 'material', 'which', 'suggests', 'possible', 'applications', 'negative', 'refraction', 'and', 'backward', 'waves', 'exist', 'in', 'a', 'composite', 'toroidal', 'metamaterial', 'consisting', 'of', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'wires', 'and', 'an', 'array', 'of', 'toroidal', 'solenoids']] | [-0.2100900053180573, 0.16230048458926397, -0.03530185649880266, -0.001568504624620937, -0.10303314067670598, -0.10593596299434394, -0.07414305929415983, 0.4168061400574129, -0.2337626378150838, -0.269254820264744, 0.05054405656750355, -0.2436973893009456, -0.1743751332427548, 0.23057807769741764, -0.009716716046914854, -0.03251815630191014, -0.01639343086069664, 0.03142777345744909, -0.013512996388537464, -0.1522381656413766, 0.30279707578134485, 0.049763202716687084, 0.3173651982168873, 0.07415224615261948, 0.0826144313472694, -0.042933028374707936, 0.0754805533874747, 0.11145353721108585, -0.053342949135941904, 0.08193177899832021, 0.22331833137267276, 0.021272752716296674, 0.21630445142267313, -0.4216308585590625, -0.20357993473834565, 0.08948595375976467, 0.11637138628165972, 0.09764498874722295, -0.09708822755641675, -0.22375148592467328, 0.060529031881452665, -0.1363816111208459, -0.1672279697469955, -0.044488672882038276, 0.05166192561804226, 0.04047183488058833, -0.3012520810712821, -0.0012941524444098494, 0.1225732544074412, 0.07510956096157959, -0.08840870401570655, -0.06583108641083592, -0.013738724122862372, 0.054539742240830594, 0.053648808623861885, 0.049537012280393554, 0.12101216304767053, -0.15173435201909624, -0.09401560599083263, 0.33980831500571385, -0.07511568219458635, -0.1800587180161239, 0.17970109753417823, -0.16102577043250121, -0.03560885707064804, 0.21996617495222429, 0.16638513248974243, 0.10482944670520657, -0.12928227931096226, 0.08801074574785966, -0.08322847359278034, 0.22492127323242944, 0.06967636984072428, 0.0430570675299165, 0.2730037123047277, 0.16685275428421564, 0.09695499027724815, 0.16690659846706662, -0.08210305421843928, 0.007315788631826079, -0.3153984912267301, -0.16670885141444416, -0.20622494712109324, 0.06159269351891316, -0.09223233464645815, -0.2617353141661713, 0.38348528314217, 0.08763958434203425, 0.14696765278952312, -0.08244698326437182, 0.27703050136632096, 0.1265674751927763, 0.09011645092159114, 0.05280387516347774, 0.3449590658785495, 0.19180903669067584, 0.10349396184762627, -0.24239398641161522, 0.02660526836340406, -0.026800181935088034] |
709.3608 | Kraus decomposition for chaotic environments | We consider a system interacting with a chaotic thermodynamic bath. We derive
an explicit and exact Kraus operator sum representation (OSR) for the open
system reduced density. The OSR preserves the Hermiticity, complete positivity
and norm. We show that it is useful as a numerical tool by testing it against
exact results for a qubit interacting with an isolated flawed quantum computer.
We also discuss some interesting qualitative aspects of the OSR.
| quant-ph | we consider a system interacting with a chaotic thermodynamic bath we derive an explicit and exact kraus operator sum representation osr for the open system reduced density the osr preserves the hermiticity complete positivity and norm we show that it is useful as a numerical tool by testing it against exact results for a qubit interacting with an isolated flawed quantum computer we also discuss some interesting qualitative aspects of the osr | [['we', 'consider', 'a', 'system', 'interacting', 'with', 'a', 'chaotic', 'thermodynamic', 'bath', 'we', 'derive', 'an', 'explicit', 'and', 'exact', 'kraus', 'operator', 'sum', 'representation', 'osr', 'for', 'the', 'open', 'system', 'reduced', 'density', 'the', 'osr', 'preserves', 'the', 'hermiticity', 'complete', 'positivity', 'and', 'norm', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'useful', 'as', 'a', 'numerical', 'tool', 'by', 'testing', 'it', 'against', 'exact', 'results', 'for', 'a', 'qubit', 'interacting', 'with', 'an', 'isolated', 'flawed', 'quantum', 'computer', 'we', 'also', 'discuss', 'some', 'interesting', 'qualitative', 'aspects', 'of', 'the', 'osr']] | [-0.1418654327151469, 0.08350944336376011, -0.09863016404213137, 0.11254158180963714, -0.025336193981476955, -0.20089441160154012, 0.050044007246874064, 0.33832121881035465, -0.22269984164934917, -0.23816336794859833, 0.10049110506143835, -0.2923717902869814, -0.19854433952584966, 0.19171400230132146, -0.03987842711568293, 0.10031697565379243, 0.11813293454340762, 0.07427068082486382, -0.09937328084359048, -0.21772369737542854, 0.3010792458533413, 0.04578983019746374, 0.2354051206752451, 0.07208556383072089, 0.13050071977906758, 0.044755952678517334, 0.01872719057266497, 0.01665472105378285, -0.13589594813644604, 0.08348186330921534, 0.23057140683037383, 0.148976130462769, 0.23557779134070087, -0.42787574041479576, -0.1979767864298386, 0.07629349564700129, 0.131026408190438, 0.14548222200634578, -0.07158229453489184, -0.31631683589269716, 0.0596402516530361, -0.20490269308599332, -0.18704825247146395, -0.19303996418602765, 0.031189439145641193, -0.030137808695952926, -0.2611390218500876, 0.0599910444284938, 0.10013494601056057, 0.07228870948569642, -0.048871045139902786, -0.060963916977117255, 0.03949462055849532, 0.11929669644450769, -0.032287773435301564, -0.023689775753559336, 0.12361868649410705, -0.10819886475413416, -0.08843840477574202, 0.346293836288775, -0.06024785687299704, -0.23292269017029968, 0.19755479234219012, -0.03701347648812872, -0.1578518480528146, 0.04704231254032089, 0.056001687603485256, 0.09346768952026549, -0.14227558030850357, 0.1303416118785713, -0.11563608162396122, 0.17471829213738804, -0.001388325718128019, 0.08401147006467606, 0.17578854171248773, 0.12670407430656874, 0.09224858315428719, 0.21155013434084444, 0.04427331270158498, -0.15842908442654233, -0.3407896421979078, -0.18543948999528462, -0.18819138088211831, 0.10554555907664406, -0.102969642042606, -0.16524092651282749, 0.3907009245206912, 0.17800840315046823, 0.1326965410456372, 0.04768951479733611, 0.31715674832877183, 0.16475757621325707, -0.011023096507415175, 0.10996823828382832, 0.1702141171833015, 0.17097130116760834, 0.05105583232620524, -0.2758347487801479, -0.012630163310354369, 0.08605892931124497] |
709.3609 | Einstein Gravity as a Nonholonomic Almost Kahler Geometry,
Lagrange-Finsler Variables, and Deformation Quantization | A geometric procedure is elaborated for transforming (pseudo) Riemanian
metrics and connections into canonical geometric objects (metric and nonlinear
and linear connections) for effective Lagrange, or Finsler, geometries which,
in their turn, can be equivalently represented as almost Kahler spaces. This
allows us to formulate an approach to quantum gravity following standard
methods of deformation quantization. Such constructions are performed not on
tangent bundles, as in usual Finsler geometry, but on spacetimes enabled with
nonholonomic distributions defining 2+2 splitting with associate nonlinear
connection structure. We also show how the Einstein equations can be redefined
in terms of Lagrange-Finsler variables and corresponding almost symplectic
structures and encoded into the zero-degree cohomology coefficient for a
quantum model of Einstein manifolds.
| math-ph gr-qc math.MP math.SG | a geometric procedure is elaborated for transforming pseudo riemanian metrics and connections into canonical geometric objects metric and nonlinear and linear connections for effective lagrange or finsler geometries which in their turn can be equivalently represented as almost kahler spaces this allows us to formulate an approach to quantum gravity following standard methods of deformation quantization such constructions are performed not on tangent bundles as in usual finsler geometry but on spacetimes enabled with nonholonomic distributions defining 22 splitting with associate nonlinear connection structure we also show how the einstein equations can be redefined in terms of lagrangefinsler variables and corresponding almost symplectic structures and encoded into the zerodegree cohomology coefficient for a quantum model of einstein manifolds | [['a', 'geometric', 'procedure', 'is', 'elaborated', 'for', 'transforming', 'pseudo', 'riemanian', 'metrics', 'and', 'connections', 'into', 'canonical', 'geometric', 'objects', 'metric', 'and', 'nonlinear', 'and', 'linear', 'connections', 'for', 'effective', 'lagrange', 'or', 'finsler', 'geometries', 'which', 'in', 'their', 'turn', 'can', 'be', 'equivalently', 'represented', 'as', 'almost', 'kahler', 'spaces', 'this', 'allows', 'us', 'to', 'formulate', 'an', 'approach', 'to', 'quantum', 'gravity', 'following', 'standard', 'methods', 'of', 'deformation', 'quantization', 'such', 'constructions', 'are', 'performed', 'not', 'on', 'tangent', 'bundles', 'as', 'in', 'usual', 'finsler', 'geometry', 'but', 'on', 'spacetimes', 'enabled', 'with', 'nonholonomic', 'distributions', 'defining', '22', 'splitting', 'with', 'associate', 'nonlinear', 'connection', 'structure', 'we', 'also', 'show', 'how', 'the', 'einstein', 'equations', 'can', 'be', 'redefined', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'lagrangefinsler', 'variables', 'and', 'corresponding', 'almost', 'symplectic', 'structures', 'and', 'encoded', 'into', 'the', 'zerodegree', 'cohomology', 'coefficient', 'for', 'a', 'quantum', 'model', 'of', 'einstein', 'manifolds']] | [-0.13634242525253193, 0.08437356653870419, -0.11570185934335499, 0.1172946776476515, -0.15260668817544515, -0.19390549382068595, -0.06382698853997419, 0.36868113828665117, -0.28880722947039844, -0.27372564794988985, 0.07682698980561789, -0.2111880238982109, -0.2116558837597811, 0.17565220004436954, -0.12744578034064527, 0.03910168598926926, 0.02271494725166615, 0.05800546475303097, -0.16776828248038003, -0.2520305765427696, 0.4143813167268537, 0.05041137235673239, 0.23821411241572035, -0.003527067616602635, 0.18045014391013942, 0.012966988150472357, -0.01809546534490961, 0.10195862694832859, -0.11520903276563702, 0.12178250186646483, 0.2684487917192154, 0.08097919750311491, 0.16719972593828214, -0.41365884118950214, -0.2172976398398563, 0.1105267829103869, 0.1254684277494454, 0.049381109397519, 0.03328520761431842, -0.32482718825498125, 0.045699991153477164, -0.12090176930335367, -0.12874382999390205, -0.15071622845006444, -0.01427479615431058, -0.027439997772196845, -0.19288280413148656, 0.012929972024906774, 0.08343359741571722, 0.04117274331718178, -0.11107662694096582, -0.06556275189988378, -0.04649742774791637, 0.06844420940417922, 0.0022521883563012264, 0.0188140013941832, 0.1243431185711554, -0.06001700666857394, -0.14309364453873644, 0.4075570409896515, -0.0676795841526177, -0.3491305348195009, 0.11099529748889066, -0.06181342331140097, -0.13281752065936955, 0.06811597224688, 0.17460740864142713, 0.15476145571634425, -0.11509922210776279, 0.14243914095943366, 0.013578380643532185, 0.088918629607533, 0.13401732245318088, 0.0393628747147208, 0.2105580745225425, 0.05931061392815752, 0.09633734920930306, 0.10004914321707782, 0.008260704932134535, -0.16971808705790664, -0.3387152512826152, -0.2112046731004523, -0.08522257599111457, 0.1639308599949769, -0.14262989652281433, -0.18957866419410585, 0.3632008262941519, 0.017215993478341754, 0.2064455355738558, 0.06901013560818066, 0.21795620786625955, 0.08059544695992125, 0.08073462905378033, 0.04606949103112191, 0.23466978630966553, 0.24202131749904257, 0.05432062013808764, -0.12520564234444587, -0.05867411038775187, 0.15262225562296175] |
709.361 | Inelastic effects in molecular junction transport: Scattering and
self-consistent calculations for the Seebeck coefficient | The influence of molecular vibration on the Seebeck coefficient is studied
within a simple model. Results of a scattering theory approach are compared to
those of a full self-consistent non-equilibrium Green's function scheme. We
show, for a reasonable choice of parameters, that inelastic effects have
non-negligible influence on the resulting Seebeck coefficient for the junction.
We note that the scattering theory approach may fail both quantitatively and
qualitatively. Results of calculation with reasonable parameters are in good
agreement with recent measurements [P. Reddy et al., Science 315, 1568 (2007)]
| cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.mtrl-sci | the influence of molecular vibration on the seebeck coefficient is studied within a simple model results of a scattering theory approach are compared to those of a full selfconsistent nonequilibrium greens function scheme we show for a reasonable choice of parameters that inelastic effects have nonnegligible influence on the resulting seebeck coefficient for the junction we note that the scattering theory approach may fail both quantitatively and qualitatively results of calculation with reasonable parameters are in good agreement with recent measurements p reddy et al science 315 1568 2007 | [['the', 'influence', 'of', 'molecular', 'vibration', 'on', 'the', 'seebeck', 'coefficient', 'is', 'studied', 'within', 'a', 'simple', 'model', 'results', 'of', 'a', 'scattering', 'theory', 'approach', 'are', 'compared', 'to', 'those', 'of', 'a', 'full', 'selfconsistent', 'nonequilibrium', 'greens', 'function', 'scheme', 'we', 'show', 'for', 'a', 'reasonable', 'choice', 'of', 'parameters', 'that', 'inelastic', 'effects', 'have', 'nonnegligible', 'influence', 'on', 'the', 'resulting', 'seebeck', 'coefficient', 'for', 'the', 'junction', 'we', 'note', 'that', 'the', 'scattering', 'theory', 'approach', 'may', 'fail', 'both', 'quantitatively', 'and', 'qualitatively', 'results', 'of', 'calculation', 'with', 'reasonable', 'parameters', 'are', 'in', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'recent', 'measurements', 'p', 'reddy', 'et', 'al', 'science', '315', '1568', '2007']] | [-0.09392859010297931, 0.07886087928971883, -0.12104906967391124, 0.03792109518453186, -0.044196752705768255, -0.09889557984856408, 0.05120611820485066, 0.3917899454493871, -0.2043163137761562, -0.327646356808503, -0.03617314544762747, -0.31556512277280346, -0.1841181470395139, 0.2492442318379586, -0.008979236060920893, 0.07115710972483909, 0.08853086609435215, -0.039825807158113194, -0.06476177824033277, -0.24532694346533063, 0.2335716707401731, 0.08273462971065486, 0.30444181904071166, 0.10605198997753056, 0.04937812124556872, 0.04420985404946161, -0.010542403579574455, 0.08240322174316042, -0.19792345248432855, 0.06573145821418487, 0.22869166984024009, -0.010404130135233818, 0.19485614330539208, -0.43025044445994864, -0.24546335656405166, -0.0037055468668093844, 0.07777202577497601, 0.14110650038451292, -0.026536905141338038, -0.2084262663645021, 0.04852512561496389, -0.20521281232659735, -0.11800994796238923, -0.08998096732977318, 0.04254378280026859, 0.025562277607870904, -0.3127209699681301, 0.14553028263486503, -0.0031300191296620315, 0.03719085785089416, -0.09315544112292484, -0.17074973459468024, 0.005263688210188673, 0.05209708246245478, 0.002926285102639054, 0.04097032861449243, 0.1369196650352371, -0.11478869678724683, -0.09163025154188024, 0.35617512077671276, -0.09367195358552206, -0.15505969246033202, 0.17353222209416078, -0.1582304872886351, -0.12171598759301927, 0.12508290657627114, 0.13140011127002202, 0.12193081245412317, -0.1586130982149769, 0.0960439134387854, -0.10777066848332355, 0.15160543680860755, 0.04215831098439737, 0.021437874494111976, 0.14295665317037132, 0.15385132946670474, -0.06310879291307307, 0.04557873904600405, -0.07775593787337538, -0.0970698019909526, -0.28830047337903403, -0.06838174925049705, -0.17014031218929906, 0.04869891829746828, -0.0890485693468762, -0.13351156446151435, 0.3693225618042336, 0.19938300643508647, 0.21323091348402956, 0.027844123479523017, 0.27123340179494926, 0.14498689986132296, 0.005193986715434977, 0.03207961471458332, 0.27594337280672254, 0.1650855495944996, 0.0634886250737008, -0.2862477808029213, 0.09749501309582566, 0.009554694189554017] |
709.3611 | Quantum correlations for arbitrarily high-dimensional Bell inequality | We analyze the correlation structure of bipartite arbitrary-dimensional Bell
inequalities via novel conditions of correlations in terms of differences of
joint probabilities called correlators. The conditions of correlations are
shown to be necessary for the multi-level Bell state. In particular, we find
that the bipartite arbitrary-dimensional Bell-type inequalities introduced by
Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 040404 (2002)] and
Son-Lee-Kim [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060406 (2006)] are composed of correlators,
and we reveal that the maximal violations by the Bell state just fit the
conditions of quantum correlations. Correlators can be considered as essential
elements of Bell inequalities.
| quant-ph | we analyze the correlation structure of bipartite arbitrarydimensional bell inequalities via novel conditions of correlations in terms of differences of joint probabilities called correlators the conditions of correlations are shown to be necessary for the multilevel bell state in particular we find that the bipartite arbitrarydimensional belltype inequalities introduced by collinsgisinlindenmassarpopescu phys rev lett 88 040404 2002 and sonleekim phys rev lett 96 060406 2006 are composed of correlators and we reveal that the maximal violations by the bell state just fit the conditions of quantum correlations correlators can be considered as essential elements of bell inequalities | [['we', 'analyze', 'the', 'correlation', 'structure', 'of', 'bipartite', 'arbitrarydimensional', 'bell', 'inequalities', 'via', 'novel', 'conditions', 'of', 'correlations', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'differences', 'of', 'joint', 'probabilities', 'called', 'correlators', 'the', 'conditions', 'of', 'correlations', 'are', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'necessary', 'for', 'the', 'multilevel', 'bell', 'state', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'bipartite', 'arbitrarydimensional', 'belltype', 'inequalities', 'introduced', 'by', 'collinsgisinlindenmassarpopescu', 'phys', 'rev', 'lett', '88', '040404', '2002', 'and', 'sonleekim', 'phys', 'rev', 'lett', '96', '060406', '2006', 'are', 'composed', 'of', 'correlators', 'and', 'we', 'reveal', 'that', 'the', 'maximal', 'violations', 'by', 'the', 'bell', 'state', 'just', 'fit', 'the', 'conditions', 'of', 'quantum', 'correlations', 'correlators', 'can', 'be', 'considered', 'as', 'essential', 'elements', 'of', 'bell', 'inequalities']] | [-0.11929694150724875, 0.15685336836031638, -0.040768301589802526, 0.023310446626661967, 0.007060564809459417, -0.1578508850070648, 0.039347441231560275, 0.29059000794465345, -0.11854893337749672, -0.29769175859595026, -0.01042926244069046, -0.27940176279419876, -0.188452485667464, 0.1685308714901718, -0.09672594398337726, 0.11848531294769298, 0.054083024859816455, -0.044801174466556404, -0.11943111769020713, -0.3123337377464092, 0.24189167257281952, 0.05106336578198049, 0.3186206908285385, 0.10044876556882325, 0.04144448165485907, 0.06921774995377443, 0.026405029435409233, 0.031429079467973985, -0.19705112922702028, 0.05473075645083251, 0.23597234587699253, 0.1893221461941721, 0.21280779964339067, -0.42195925921744976, -0.16242625897211838, 0.16523417334246915, 0.030052222854768235, 0.11016284904326312, 0.09479814211954363, -0.4399384264058123, -0.03487037052036612, -0.20786692376835467, -0.11762375448658229, -0.20553445061280703, 0.08057206954496603, 0.0027839778049383312, -0.3561618163057574, 0.2506486611964647, 0.05540250684619726, 0.03856737416329755, 0.07066745279007591, -0.0456169659543472, -0.0010053007087359826, 0.0028038590389769524, -0.10961527134835099, -0.025270033021418687, 0.042264530677736424, -0.042147307637302824, -0.23140203301773, 0.2878709659562446, 0.0026396140456199646, -0.19374610733939335, 0.1629036745604632, -0.1409868909746971, -0.16666423417821838, 0.008056911518603252, 0.14141139821731485, 0.11718548432691023, -0.21351680661185432, 0.06867994070368393, -0.12365820893319324, 0.12880084207184458, 0.15161905973218381, 0.15061051722538346, 0.12566994377023852, -0.030119218623440247, -0.011842911965989819, 0.18851149797653002, -0.06367459809310579, -0.14201192276179123, -0.3743297490485323, -0.21019366849213839, -0.25641767115545616, 0.0958554140815977, -0.00908955421346036, -0.07944457216550897, 0.40096772925850627, 0.09802928063921475, 0.188122018789727, -0.025286333182975795, 0.09603390255506383, 0.07887798015993515, 0.011026044560518736, 0.1610452772147255, 0.2865200165833812, 0.25020655027765315, 0.06401544977173519, -0.2240495026902257, 0.08142025113920681, 0.07025073504579875] |
709.3612 | Overview and Status of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker | The CMS experiment at the LHC features the largest Silicon Strip Detector
ever built. The impact of the operating conditions and physics requirements on
the design choices of the CMS Silicon Tracker is reviewed. The readiness of the
Silicon Strip Tracker for the tentatively scheduled CMS commissioning in Summer
2008 is briefly described.
| physics.ins-det | the cms experiment at the lhc features the largest silicon strip detector ever built the impact of the operating conditions and physics requirements on the design choices of the cms silicon tracker is reviewed the readiness of the silicon strip tracker for the tentatively scheduled cms commissioning in summer 2008 is briefly described | [['the', 'cms', 'experiment', 'at', 'the', 'lhc', 'features', 'the', 'largest', 'silicon', 'strip', 'detector', 'ever', 'built', 'the', 'impact', 'of', 'the', 'operating', 'conditions', 'and', 'physics', 'requirements', 'on', 'the', 'design', 'choices', 'of', 'the', 'cms', 'silicon', 'tracker', 'is', 'reviewed', 'the', 'readiness', 'of', 'the', 'silicon', 'strip', 'tracker', 'for', 'the', 'tentatively', 'scheduled', 'cms', 'commissioning', 'in', 'summer', '2008', 'is', 'briefly', 'described']] | [-0.06411535074969507, 0.1777683582227185, -0.0746532831745187, -0.009665729245170951, -0.06353866355932968, -0.147363995105239, -0.07319392819168433, 0.3360172449698988, -0.1534612071261091, -0.36534818890943843, 0.17252851870429334, -0.3605271801703943, 0.005094817083961559, 0.19639218396964078, -0.03844218365496622, 0.15163418799029216, 0.18015841015104977, -0.04004172212004943, -0.09139808335886249, -0.3113207978038293, 0.19808660749838036, 0.24147278390262486, 0.3367860009718054, 0.0481699509018997, 0.1296712165557832, -0.02606624681151138, -0.07994634512249592, -0.09323353397677529, -0.15673942257702914, 0.027063775298027497, 0.3157693636691514, 0.09888217787100177, 0.18517318782660197, -0.4325633035656416, -0.019296618609003863, 0.046885889146547274, 0.018566264542487432, -0.06694609865124496, -0.09188195043199537, -0.37066502264648116, 0.06369078509456846, -0.2011648147665667, -0.167767943550815, 0.13609229487735988, -0.007810351684830099, -0.06170901501516126, -0.17334261592829003, -0.10691295587018414, -0.008332732511368, 0.05929034154088992, -0.025386025995139103, -0.23118519466721787, -0.042974098043006684, 0.022574693737727292, -0.05471233929560151, -0.012661498760417948, 0.2687530770265269, -0.14076536516922544, -0.16636781802154937, 0.2467717891734726, 0.025140850831104337, -0.08030236097720433, 0.19956916294781105, -0.21864501112755738, -0.09639535563172034, 0.08710718242767847, 0.21884384280386962, -0.012158290882823322, -0.24880814459174871, 0.11207037243263396, 0.05853083357214928, 0.15698747607475183, 0.07597378082134111, 0.0559803353235969, 0.23311812362528211, 0.3970897699583252, 0.0428239203602919, 0.11913252532271282, -0.19110490382156986, -0.033029097079668404, -0.4884114915083321, -0.12001231268821459, -0.12999081210988872, -0.12608616419558255, 0.02579659297386896, -0.07001334600994047, 0.424417094977678, 0.13250860965476846, 0.1704967905468536, -0.08751558062602889, 0.2771274259067931, 0.04108733313052722, 0.12816000550563605, 0.02212634081688692, 0.3869467301751083, 0.06846009859077211, 0.28221743168168756, -0.22806205834209356, 0.05758780201475294, 0.07502675427229337] |
709.3613 | On orbit closures for infinite type quivers | For the Kronecker quiver, Zwara has found an example of a representation
whose orbit closure is neither unibranch nor Cohen-Macaulay. In this note, we
explain how to extend this example to all infinite type quivers without
oriented cycles.
| math.RT math.RA | for the kronecker quiver zwara has found an example of a representation whose orbit closure is neither unibranch nor cohenmacaulay in this note we explain how to extend this example to all infinite type quivers without oriented cycles | [['for', 'the', 'kronecker', 'quiver', 'zwara', 'has', 'found', 'an', 'example', 'of', 'a', 'representation', 'whose', 'orbit', 'closure', 'is', 'neither', 'unibranch', 'nor', 'cohenmacaulay', 'in', 'this', 'note', 'we', 'explain', 'how', 'to', 'extend', 'this', 'example', 'to', 'all', 'infinite', 'type', 'quivers', 'without', 'oriented', 'cycles']] | [-0.16462487977390228, 0.06958605446217055, -0.09181494802530658, 0.09713768817202531, -0.138284553663413, -0.1668952277886044, -0.010404630297623379, 0.39456090272257205, -0.31947616894582387, -0.2026634174153993, 0.136905112006628, -0.17346936496170728, -0.2017802740692308, 0.1302100968988318, -0.21587787796498129, -0.11913273115887453, 0.09049112683064059, 0.12282152215361987, -0.07824143277187097, -0.30544375001428353, 0.3383435024879873, -0.02612989219395738, 0.17355957870926145, 0.03270757795115443, 0.0929895424235024, 0.059681270136743, 0.016748024591881978, 0.02181344324918954, -0.15055471854774574, 0.13989422912096702, 0.30951983638499914, 0.09107358395857246, 0.1176436878465067, -0.39663168094366, -0.13916532748752566, 0.278175108306306, 0.2147485631469049, 0.08348356654230309, -0.002174564000023039, -0.1684099366202166, 0.12373510467525768, -0.26881470771408394, -0.2354040657427456, -0.06806715417310204, 0.11484723097007525, -0.006348977208529648, -0.21402286088682318, -0.06468827600934003, 0.16843491282902265, 0.15306076272635868, -0.06490273939102496, -0.0662497908465172, -0.05167933239748603, 0.06137893428584855, -0.03660757798627999, 0.027480238203057332, 0.017487064310300508, -0.062475045174850447, -0.1709616535196179, 0.3135461221007924, -0.0171738041956958, -0.22384185618475863, 0.17636347008182815, -0.15895499776754723, -0.19090719570062661, 0.12169104579247926, 0.02154327119014373, 0.12106945483308089, -0.07922972922556494, 0.16273643069067284, -0.12825591300957298, 0.1095901715912317, 0.10462728135385796, -0.049042558101447004, 0.1963281228672713, 0.11578875086515357, 0.04448977567402548, 0.14856448995047494, 0.014460028296238497, -0.020631209444744808, -0.3268227633333912, -0.16045559599603476, -0.12096672495643265, 0.13704266129360276, -0.08389456997821598, -0.22899416760590516, 0.3704028915319788, 0.11151455073176246, 0.1869756968838996, 0.11370226223707984, 0.21304244838507944, 0.04214812371585714, 0.08852233258566182, 0.06793873878440966, 0.1531962949635559, 0.22086631805685006, 0.009997212622118624, -0.15056275170737585, 0.03741879200587343, 0.19924816989192837] |
709.3614 | Search for Pulsar Wind Nebula Associations of Unidentified TeV Gamma-Ray
Sources | Many of the recently discovered TeV gamma-ray sources are associated with
pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). In fact, they represent the most populous class of
Galactic sources at TeV energies. In addition, HESS has also discovered, in a
survey of the Galactic plane, a population of TeV gamma-ray sources that are
still without definitive counterparts at longer wavelengths. For a number of
these sources, a pulsar is an evident association, which is often located
within an extended region of the TeV gamma-ray emission. These particular HESS
sources are promising candidates for yet not resolved pulsar wind nebulae. Here
we have undertaken a systematic search for X-ray counterparts of the sources,
using the archival Chandra data, within the spatial bounds of the unidentified
HESS sources. A number of X-ray sources have been detected in the Chandra
fields. Two of them, CXOU J161729.3-505512 and CXOU J170252.4-412848, are of a
special interest because of their excellent positional coincidence with the
pulsars PSR J1617-5055 and PSR J1702-4128, respectively. The first source is
extended, with a bright core of 2.6 arcsec (FWHM) in radius but the emission
can be seen up to roughly 20 arcsec. The second one is much fainter and
detected only with marginal significance (4.6 sigma). It might also be slightly
extended, although the situation is quite uncertain due to very limited
statistics. The analysis of the archival Chandra data for a middle-aged pulsar
(PSR J1913+1011) does not reveal any statistically significant excess at and
around the position of the pulsar or the center of gravity of its plausible TeV
gamma-ray counterpart (HESS J1912+101). We discuss the implications of the
results.
| astro-ph | many of the recently discovered tev gammaray sources are associated with pulsar wind nebulae pwne in fact they represent the most populous class of galactic sources at tev energies in addition hess has also discovered in a survey of the galactic plane a population of tev gammaray sources that are still without definitive counterparts at longer wavelengths for a number of these sources a pulsar is an evident association which is often located within an extended region of the tev gammaray emission these particular hess sources are promising candidates for yet not resolved pulsar wind nebulae here we have undertaken a systematic search for xray counterparts of the sources using the archival chandra data within the spatial bounds of the unidentified hess sources a number of xray sources have been detected in the chandra fields two of them cxou j1617293505512 and cxou j1702524412848 are of a special interest because of their excellent positional coincidence with the pulsars psr j16175055 and psr j17024128 respectively the first source is extended with a bright core of 26 arcsec fwhm in radius but the emission can be seen up to roughly 20 arcsec the second one is much fainter and detected only with marginal significance 46 sigma it might also be slightly extended although the situation is quite uncertain due to very limited statistics the analysis of the archival chandra data for a middleaged pulsar psr j19131011 does not reveal any statistically significant excess at and around the position of the pulsar or the center of gravity of its plausible tev gammaray counterpart hess j1912101 we discuss the implications of the results | [['many', 'of', 'the', 'recently', 'discovered', 'tev', 'gammaray', 'sources', 'are', 'associated', 'with', 'pulsar', 'wind', 'nebulae', 'pwne', 'in', 'fact', 'they', 'represent', 'the', 'most', 'populous', 'class', 'of', 'galactic', 'sources', 'at', 'tev', 'energies', 'in', 'addition', 'hess', 'has', 'also', 'discovered', 'in', 'a', 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709.3615 | Lecture Notes on Equivariant Cohomology | These are the lecture notes for the introductory graduate course I taught at
Yale during Spring 2007. I mostly followed [GS], [BGV], [AB], [Par2], and there
are no original results in these notes.
| math.SG | these are the lecture notes for the introductory graduate course i taught at yale during spring 2007 i mostly followed gs bgv ab par2 and there are no original results in these notes | [['these', 'are', 'the', 'lecture', 'notes', 'for', 'the', 'introductory', 'graduate', 'course', 'i', 'taught', 'at', 'yale', 'during', 'spring', '2007', 'i', 'mostly', 'followed', 'gs', 'bgv', 'ab', 'par2', 'and', 'there', 'are', 'no', 'original', 'results', 'in', 'these', 'notes']] | [0.007157332438509911, 0.17325783982778376, -0.10799352494359482, 0.07410920329857618, -0.08521545893745497, -0.2015122462180443, -0.044023407535860315, 0.39172556030825945, -0.1504885146568995, -0.3833329681074247, 0.1903517130522232, -0.3401055181166157, -0.16345564101357013, 0.18066661577904597, -0.14593662967672572, -0.0930677962169284, 0.18735884674242698, -0.023973671108251438, -0.08478996230405755, -0.4282298239413649, 0.24180705803155433, 0.09739754474867368, 0.16008669980510604, 0.0017074280767701566, 0.09758842503651977, -0.032617272197967395, -0.15229403079138137, -0.03946671914309263, -0.17241466269479133, 0.08445795316947624, 0.43126260094868485, 0.11871834640624002, 0.3576069975097198, -0.4991340896813199, 0.04394389418303035, -0.05409315737779252, -0.0066308482200838625, 0.10845577483996749, -0.022370156046235934, -0.31831115460954607, 0.022342502838000655, -0.1005171230644919, 0.013122839096467942, 0.05303992518020095, 0.08280895436473656, -0.012097729835659266, -0.08456261348328553, 0.018748545669950545, 0.09467835768009536, 0.29758748214226216, -0.06141640042187646, -0.3054018821567297, 0.0030238750769058242, 0.09766562699223869, 0.006726649793563411, 0.0624668576347176, 0.11640940819052048, -0.11419374527758919, -0.11421164570492692, 0.3497134812641889, -0.009283101209803135, 0.009440539812203497, 0.21687786536858766, -0.1266610702878097, -0.21763725086930208, 0.11109936522552744, 0.19193130460917018, 0.06598541920538992, -0.175576040535816, 0.06303373828814074, 0.03316661020198808, 0.1419671083567664, 0.0757051630935166, -0.11524138316235621, 0.25696807901840657, 0.01891235352923104, -0.1937959020579001, -0.006456303781305905, 0.009786968235857785, -0.12159039032121655, -0.4351227347215172, -0.12186919170198962, -0.17243426316417754, 0.020131968034547754, 0.14586353846289057, -0.06072272264282219, 0.4002436628798023, 0.12752799454028718, 0.04787970532197505, -0.03875186402001418, 0.09335110936081037, 0.1057171188731445, -0.06820043821971922, 0.11111362843075767, 0.2538855422171764, 0.03956973721324175, 0.22804841327888425, -0.019267881871201098, -0.00797499215696007, 0.15468388560111634] |
709.3616 | Why understanding neutrino interactions is important for oscillation
physics | Uncertainties in knowledge of neutrino interactions directly impact the
ability to measure the parameters of neutrino oscillation. Experiments which
make use of differing technologies and neutrino beams are sensitive to
different uncertainties. Several experimental and theoretical issues are
reviewed.
| hep-ex | uncertainties in knowledge of neutrino interactions directly impact the ability to measure the parameters of neutrino oscillation experiments which make use of differing technologies and neutrino beams are sensitive to different uncertainties several experimental and theoretical issues are reviewed | [['uncertainties', 'in', 'knowledge', 'of', 'neutrino', 'interactions', 'directly', 'impact', 'the', 'ability', 'to', 'measure', 'the', 'parameters', 'of', 'neutrino', 'oscillation', 'experiments', 'which', 'make', 'use', 'of', 'differing', 'technologies', 'and', 'neutrino', 'beams', 'are', 'sensitive', 'to', 'different', 'uncertainties', 'several', 'experimental', 'and', 'theoretical', 'issues', 'are', 'reviewed']] | [-0.05436604815081526, 0.2288712440774991, 0.002270960981826274, 0.18972697387037513, -0.14710902981460094, -0.0998021061412799, 0.04088532990919283, 0.3942849449813366, -0.2536583030357575, -0.37336274933738584, 0.08427371262298085, -0.34606202395680624, -0.03831877174954384, 0.24279306487490734, 0.008634709848616367, 0.12944520938281828, 0.12292489170646057, -0.057329971629839674, -0.12105299515697436, -0.2295433783855958, 0.3404280374256464, 0.12779960088813916, 0.33511530264065814, 0.1146509998704856, 0.07855597988535197, -0.12378880923661666, -0.15285679815002742, -0.0842277427824835, -0.11273948093637443, 0.12512938218573347, 0.25707519274109447, 0.16036410983174276, 0.1612779859166879, -0.4703022829997234, -0.22605995924618, 0.11579317589982963, 0.10874057386834653, 0.10126151196742192, -0.0438629526597185, -0.31634189704289806, -0.015015632869341435, -0.18914447011999214, -0.11771916865538327, -0.0990900562550777, -0.029276154099557646, 0.10016568354629458, -0.2779539354050007, 0.024913383880630136, -0.09474619756190059, -0.013644312866605245, 0.007403072924950184, -0.21735096560456815, 0.04826737865686226, 0.17329418764282495, 0.15469352108163711, -0.06373803181430468, 0.18506171215827075, -0.12615906652540732, -0.12330900818013991, 0.4195776361112411, -0.005670539407919233, -0.1955225754630728, 0.14707267914827055, -0.1709391835074012, -0.11736240503020011, 0.09272428754812632, 0.21408028103029117, -0.004966231397329233, -0.19923669073539665, -0.004292684896753576, 0.03077799363587147, 0.1654996728667846, 0.002633250790098921, 0.10040449720019332, 0.24857554398477077, 0.21951196180322233, 0.02165936912672642, -0.059421731230731197, -0.12242523131844325, -0.06559360404618275, -0.3047014844293396, -0.0016452186287213594, -0.081346330137398, -0.005842029714049437, -0.00955236632636605, -0.08520071978012148, 0.4325098479166627, 0.2710934585103622, 0.18753751988212267, -0.06845371040384261, 0.3564891033829787, -0.03296811007058773, 0.025801613404511068, -0.06517376062961724, 0.33064234237640333, 0.16473549518447655, 0.09295462855161765, -0.26446850521442217, 0.07417510119147408, -0.05629552779002832] |
709.3617 | Bosonization approach to the mixed-valence two-channel Kondo problem | We present in detail the bosonization-refermionization solution of the
anisotropic version of the two-channel Anderson model at a particular manifold
in the space of parameters of the theory, where we establish an equivalence
with a Fermi-Majorana bi-resonant level model. The correspondence is rigorously
proved by explicitly constructing the new fermionic fields and Klein factors in
terms of the original ones and showing that the commutation properties between
original and new Klein factors are of semionic type. We also demonstrate that
the fixed points associated to the solvable manifold are renormalization-group
stable and generic, and therefore representative of the physics of the original
model. The simplicity of the solution found, allows for the computation of the
full set of thermodynamic quantities. In particular, we compute the entropy,
occupation and magnetization of the impurity as functions of temperature, and
identify the different physical energy scales. In absence of external fields,
two energy scales appear and, as the temperature goes to zero, a non-trivial
residual entropy indicates that the model approaches a universal line of fixed
points of non-Fermi liquid type. An external field, even if small, introduces a
third energy scale and causes the quenching of the impurity entropy to zero,
taking the system to a corresponding Fermi-liquid fixed point.
| cond-mat.str-el | we present in detail the bosonizationrefermionization solution of the anisotropic version of the twochannel anderson model at a particular manifold in the space of parameters of the theory where we establish an equivalence with a fermimajorana biresonant level model the correspondence is rigorously proved by explicitly constructing the new fermionic fields and klein factors in terms of the original ones and showing that the commutation properties between original and new klein factors are of semionic type we also demonstrate that the fixed points associated to the solvable manifold are renormalizationgroup stable and generic and therefore representative of the physics of the original model the simplicity of the solution found allows for the computation of the full set of thermodynamic quantities in particular we compute the entropy occupation and magnetization of the impurity as functions of temperature and identify the different physical energy scales in absence of external fields two energy scales appear and as the temperature goes to zero a nontrivial residual entropy indicates that the model approaches a universal line of fixed points of nonfermi liquid type an external field even if small introduces a third energy scale and causes the quenching of the impurity entropy to zero taking the system to a corresponding fermiliquid fixed point | [['we', 'present', 'in', 'detail', 'the', 'bosonizationrefermionization', 'solution', 'of', 'the', 'anisotropic', 'version', 'of', 'the', 'twochannel', 'anderson', 'model', 'at', 'a', 'particular', 'manifold', 'in', 'the', 'space', 'of', 'parameters', 'of', 'the', 'theory', 'where', 'we', 'establish', 'an', 'equivalence', 'with', 'a', 'fermimajorana', 'biresonant', 'level', 'model', 'the', 'correspondence', 'is', 'rigorously', 'proved', 'by', 'explicitly', 'constructing', 'the', 'new', 'fermionic', 'fields', 'and', 'klein', 'factors', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'original', 'ones', 'and', 'showing', 'that', 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'approaches', 'a', 'universal', 'line', 'of', 'fixed', 'points', 'of', 'nonfermi', 'liquid', 'type', 'an', 'external', 'field', 'even', 'if', 'small', 'introduces', 'a', 'third', 'energy', 'scale', 'and', 'causes', 'the', 'quenching', 'of', 'the', 'impurity', 'entropy', 'to', 'zero', 'taking', 'the', 'system', 'to', 'a', 'corresponding', 'fermiliquid', 'fixed', 'point']] | [-0.14196260688934945, 0.13597786702620865, -0.08590069661274082, 0.08736940693207429, -0.022649229353845335, -0.12747320449951746, 0.07195834885407872, 0.2867114231288795, -0.27670086451887504, -0.28344624255358886, 0.05495960479862174, -0.276840766750627, -0.1313630000120752, 0.16589808433307607, -0.014888554411229353, 0.026568745198231943, -0.012977035529685469, 0.06721326598820719, -0.11358151116037687, -0.22384615134429728, 0.36825723200358307, 0.03672199674093083, 0.27862521855938205, 0.0747903552769855, 0.1162405004476206, 0.006789947662715013, 0.024436560051416235, 0.050037832498788896, -0.12798777004661918, 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709.3618 | Two-orbital Systems with Crystal Field Splitting and Interorbital
Hopping | The nondegenerate two-orbital Hubbard model is studied within the dynamic
mean-field theory to reveal the influence of two important factors, i.e.
crystal field splitting and interorbital hopping, on orbital selective Mott
transition (OSMT) and realistic compound Ca$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$RuO$_{4}$. A
distinctive feature of the optical conductivity of the two nondegenerate bands
is found in OSMT phase, where the metallic character of the wide band is
indicated by a nonzero Drude peak, while the insulating narrow band has its
Drude peak drop to zero in the mean time. We also find that the OSMT regime
expands profoundly with the increase of interorbital hopping integrals. On the
contrary, it is shown that large and negative level splitting of the two
orbitals diminishes the OSMT regime completely. Applying the present findings
to compound Ca$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$RuO$_{4}$, we demonstrate that in the doping
region from $x=0.2$ to 2.0, the negative level splitting is unfavorable to the
OSMT phase.
| cond-mat.str-el | the nondegenerate twoorbital hubbard model is studied within the dynamic meanfield theory to reveal the influence of two important factors ie crystal field splitting and interorbital hopping on orbital selective mott transition osmt and realistic compound ca_2xsr_xruo_4 a distinctive feature of the optical conductivity of the two nondegenerate bands is found in osmt phase where the metallic character of the wide band is indicated by a nonzero drude peak while the insulating narrow band has its drude peak drop to zero in the mean time we also find that the osmt regime expands profoundly with the increase of interorbital hopping integrals on the contrary it is shown that large and negative level splitting of the two orbitals diminishes the osmt regime completely applying the present findings to compound ca_2xsr_xruo_4 we demonstrate that in the doping region from x02 to 20 the negative level splitting is unfavorable to the osmt phase | [['the', 'nondegenerate', 'twoorbital', 'hubbard', 'model', 'is', 'studied', 'within', 'the', 'dynamic', 'meanfield', 'theory', 'to', 'reveal', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'two', 'important', 'factors', 'ie', 'crystal', 'field', 'splitting', 'and', 'interorbital', 'hopping', 'on', 'orbital', 'selective', 'mott', 'transition', 'osmt', 'and', 'realistic', 'compound', 'ca_2xsr_xruo_4', 'a', 'distinctive', 'feature', 'of', 'the', 'optical', 'conductivity', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'nondegenerate', 'bands', 'is', 'found', 'in', 'osmt', 'phase', 'where', 'the', 'metallic', 'character', 'of', 'the', 'wide', 'band', 'is', 'indicated', 'by', 'a', 'nonzero', 'drude', 'peak', 'while', 'the', 'insulating', 'narrow', 'band', 'has', 'its', 'drude', 'peak', 'drop', 'to', 'zero', 'in', 'the', 'mean', 'time', 'we', 'also', 'find', 'that', 'the', 'osmt', 'regime', 'expands', 'profoundly', 'with', 'the', 'increase', 'of', 'interorbital', 'hopping', 'integrals', 'on', 'the', 'contrary', 'it', 'is', 'shown', 'that', 'large', 'and', 'negative', 'level', 'splitting', 'of', 'the', 'two', 'orbitals', 'diminishes', 'the', 'osmt', 'regime', 'completely', 'applying', 'the', 'present', 'findings', 'to', 'compound', 'ca_2xsr_xruo_4', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'doping', 'region', 'from', 'x02', 'to', '20', 'the', 'negative', 'level', 'splitting', 'is', 'unfavorable', 'to', 'the', 'osmt', 'phase']] | [-0.16852363879404342, 0.2023221933313956, -0.0389022309348608, 0.05129037489881739, -0.026011416991241276, -0.18091900718864054, 0.13366981078016882, 0.40480975645283857, -0.27293580271924534, -0.22312426306307315, -0.008233676154632122, -0.3186923797552784, -0.1584320698057612, 0.10910011971679827, 0.048791939371537106, -0.05983832425646445, -0.011398960652683551, -0.037377597022180756, -0.11872213792521506, -0.2046040594439546, 0.33008304223418233, 0.027921254529307285, 0.3286232063934828, 0.13604108386595423, 0.035026444727554916, 0.015630873050540686, 0.1271983742279311, -0.0022657306802769503, -0.11556048840395912, 0.02683743563791116, 0.276723049134016, -0.11426106245567401, 0.2520988222770393, -0.343746605856965, -0.22529513152160993, -0.017861261822593708, 0.15353478431546438, 0.13846022491498539, -0.0286649499895672, -0.2697103715253373, 0.01764469808898866, -0.1974571659291784, -0.1115129081128786, -0.07433637577186648, -0.004064719598585119, -0.029481858002642792, -0.25683088284296296, 0.11883661086185991, 0.07269005145256718, 0.057795809023082255, -0.11096235719587033, -0.17212232577148825, -0.0855788700034221, 0.06445991376104454, 0.07362985440607493, 0.05048767674520301, 0.11383916029706598, -0.10657750906770767, -0.052996532081160695, 0.3741652956046164, -0.0857256357721053, -0.06208045472080509, 0.17229107538548608, -0.24775350548016528, -0.05367676466392974, 0.22834739501898488, 0.06577625473029912, 0.05834865844498078, -0.08717772481652597, 0.08333496451571894, 0.0028142429888248443, 0.1745946148534616, 0.006670171095368763, 0.06248954544775188, 0.2179843619799552, 0.18305292731150985, 0.051061671183755, 0.1489992643520236, -0.1605168142200758, -0.12996033407592525, -0.20964479679241776, -0.11652394494662682, -0.22664065683881443, 0.019423075832116107, -0.07365572200127644, -0.19928237157000694, 0.43540333084141214, 0.14705622533646723, 0.20391014633700252, -0.05188741520047188, 0.20722070884269972, 0.17935836244064074, 0.0673224141417692, 0.022536022262647747, 0.28427737759426236, 0.1298618433624506, 0.0865413405575479, -0.3048937694728375, 0.06637532426665227, 0.013894614397237699] |
709.3619 | Thermodynamics of charged topological dilaton black holes | A class of $(n+1)$-dimensional topological black hole solutions in
Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory with Liouville-type potentials for the dilaton
field is presented. In these spacetimes, black hole horizon and cosmological
horizon can be an $(n-1)$-dimensional positive, zero or negative constant
curvature hypersurface. Because of the presence of the dilaton field, these
topological black holes are neither asymptotically flat nor (anti)-de Sitter.
We calculate the charge, mass, temperature, entropy and electric potential of
these solutions. We also analyze thermodynamics of these topological black
holes and disclose the effect of the dilaton field on the thermal stability of
the solutions.
| hep-th | a class of n1dimensional topological black hole solutions in einsteinmaxwelldilaton theory with liouvilletype potentials for the dilaton field is presented in these spacetimes black hole horizon and cosmological horizon can be an n1dimensional positive zero or negative constant curvature hypersurface because of the presence of the dilaton field these topological black holes are neither asymptotically flat nor antide sitter we calculate the charge mass temperature entropy and electric potential of these solutions we also analyze thermodynamics of these topological black holes and disclose the effect of the dilaton field on the thermal stability of the solutions | [['a', 'class', 'of', 'n1dimensional', 'topological', 'black', 'hole', 'solutions', 'in', 'einsteinmaxwelldilaton', 'theory', 'with', 'liouvilletype', 'potentials', 'for', 'the', 'dilaton', 'field', 'is', 'presented', 'in', 'these', 'spacetimes', 'black', 'hole', 'horizon', 'and', 'cosmological', 'horizon', 'can', 'be', 'an', 'n1dimensional', 'positive', 'zero', 'or', 'negative', 'constant', 'curvature', 'hypersurface', 'because', 'of', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'the', 'dilaton', 'field', 'these', 'topological', 'black', 'holes', 'are', 'neither', 'asymptotically', 'flat', 'nor', 'antide', 'sitter', 'we', 'calculate', 'the', 'charge', 'mass', 'temperature', 'entropy', 'and', 'electric', 'potential', 'of', 'these', 'solutions', 'we', 'also', 'analyze', 'thermodynamics', 'of', 'these', 'topological', 'black', 'holes', 'and', 'disclose', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'dilaton', 'field', 'on', 'the', 'thermal', 'stability', 'of', 'the', 'solutions']] | [-0.22236127247257778, 0.13315143160328566, -0.05456921283621341, 0.12619260087012663, -0.09960814901084329, -0.20219854834431317, -0.04085931571535184, 0.2839818129626413, -0.1455870266460503, -0.24667664838852943, 0.11805565494675345, -0.3555258655687794, -0.09920577174489154, 0.1331044819841433, -0.07230913028858292, 0.05962530582716378, -0.09576394047083643, 0.07092813823449735, -0.08677131904187263, -0.2646175337940804, 0.450474876643663, 0.03852879966143519, 0.2430157272319775, 0.061852935502732485, 0.09460997213803542, -0.04549758163436005, 0.07010811363579705, 0.14937089526210912, -0.22096952438641893, 0.03350074000384969, 0.20000075491164657, 0.06890463252299621, 0.1587448289647, -0.41430735974184546, -0.2552545619449423, 0.11326557977008633, 0.14580425895595303, 0.18861018509293595, -0.17248053224102478, -0.29130974705913104, 0.08426550895577141, -0.17772943264086885, -0.1931045227611321, -0.10185540477201964, 0.04689437853206376, -0.05928192404098809, -0.16741072059570192, 0.15017995756079472, 0.05327472003409639, -0.0650917333647764, -0.2216330288744454, -0.01296264273696579, -0.11731478651199723, 0.05025872303667711, 0.2092141865262723, 0.01662040401788545, 0.19405655708881872, -0.11919524605036713, -0.1356359233323019, 0.2750068946528093, -0.09431875201213795, -0.24219578987685964, 0.1288486175132372, -0.25861367586670286, -0.04495006766713535, 0.09587039594286277, 0.16685720692354758, 0.24458744548610412, -0.113184955038984, 0.2571248622049704, 0.06927850150774854, 0.16545612714010835, 0.12552740584457447, 0.08431038735822464, 0.4570656866223241, 0.03470651857787743, 0.0489775890406842, 0.15224783499797923, -0.008540537482379781, -0.11881925240534959, -0.37531399722987163, -0.20505576755385846, -0.14463464202708565, 0.1698184076999496, -0.26516666968579256, -0.2791250534549666, 0.3288295446933868, 0.0650751281985625, 0.1202860236177609, 0.03358197941755255, 0.1918157741545201, 0.09370684845877501, -0.006603735292931863, 0.12671408133367854, 0.35664219072835596, 0.16377954071504064, 0.15925654922709023, -0.2746217210321144, -0.13613656511976538, 0.13443242605232322] |
709.362 | On maps which preserve equality of distance in F-spaces | In order to generalize the results of Mazur-Ulam and Vogt, we shall prove
that any map T which preserves equality of distance with T(0)=0 between two
F-spaces without surjective condition is linear. Then, as a special case linear
isometries are characterized through a simple property of their range.
| math.FA math.MG | in order to generalize the results of mazurulam and vogt we shall prove that any map t which preserves equality of distance with t00 between two fspaces without surjective condition is linear then as a special case linear isometries are characterized through a simple property of their range | [['in', 'order', 'to', 'generalize', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'mazurulam', 'and', 'vogt', 'we', 'shall', 'prove', 'that', 'any', 'map', 't', 'which', 'preserves', 'equality', 'of', 'distance', 'with', 't00', 'between', 'two', 'fspaces', 'without', 'surjective', 'condition', 'is', 'linear', 'then', 'as', 'a', 'special', 'case', 'linear', 'isometries', 'are', 'characterized', 'through', 'a', 'simple', 'property', 'of', 'their', 'range']] | [-0.1409190403840815, 0.12687566685296284, -0.06570827347847323, 0.03510032554671246, -0.12102123483782634, -0.16203216119902208, 0.004712172876073358, 0.37720931593018275, -0.33624427028310794, -0.22581868492610133, 0.09818458378382881, -0.2768671868883151, -0.15813986662154397, 0.19924163672840223, -0.09477191942278296, 0.026309638468471046, 0.024848946583612513, 0.07752571666302781, -0.15544792427196322, -0.23212466238085958, 0.3565593552775681, -0.03915469204851737, 0.19102534925332293, 0.08792966691059216, 0.15599279769230634, 0.05056752226664685, 0.013386441064843288, 0.043795719189802185, -0.16390525010820056, 0.0340964557932845, 0.2540204285372359, 0.1242593089264119, 0.24520650637956956, -0.3454280208873873, -0.15338031679857522, 0.19575713027006714, 0.06761345361398223, 0.019150933277463384, -0.01161055374056256, -0.24217543521566162, 0.16174223483055053, -0.13185772918708002, -0.1289927521138452, -0.08286008831540433, 0.022571983009887237, 0.02512186501796047, -0.30517123627942055, 0.06250460195587948, 0.20108367690530335, 0.08337558866090451, -0.0458942710320116, -0.04133286109815041, -0.08301075461834746, 0.10013566975248978, 0.005573900663875975, 0.041150814591674134, 0.0314661364730758, -0.04357373599971955, -0.0952315593046175, 0.35947826229191077, -0.0976611378864618, -0.2409433018862425, 0.16543817162164487, -0.1487102906103246, -0.15799237232810506, 0.021709361174240865, 0.07519241653305168, 0.1403555527116017, -0.09506823668683258, 0.16826837110056658, -0.11722890850311767, 0.12810246782707205, 0.13325769711324634, 0.03972066926993042, 0.06494147130676235, 0.05179320190412303, 0.13520776684163138, 0.17945022658386733, 0.018121945681438472, -0.03644841889035888, -0.3522120230870011, -0.15848861788011467, -0.14949980254944725, 0.08798873550646628, -0.09389938915622527, -0.11173199840898936, 0.3117928614956327, 0.06707065193525825, 0.24481624532684995, 0.15458945786667755, 0.20820911671034992, 0.08455511061038123, 0.018799988548077334, 0.057789523649262264, 0.19085722979798447, 0.19129888177849352, -0.0016053932583114754, -0.14503413650284833, 0.00956561504669177, 0.1516394725185819] |
709.3621 | Constraining properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars using data
from heavy-ion collisions | Properties, structure, and thermal evolution of neutron stars are determined
by the equation of state of stellar matter. Recent data on isospin-diffusion
and isoscaling in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies as well as the
size of neutron skin in $^{208}Pb$ have constrained considerably the density
dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy and, in turn, the equation of state
of neutron-rich nucleonic matter. These constraints could provide useful
information about the global properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars.
Models of rapidly rotating neutron stars are constructed applying several
nucleonic equations of state. Particular emphasis is placed on configurations
rotating rigidly at $716$ and $1122Hz$. The range of allowed hydrostatic
equilibrium solutions is determined and tested for stability. The effect of
rotation on the internal composition and thermal properties of neutron stars is
also examined. At a given rotational frequency, each equation of state yields a
range of possible neutron stars configurations restricted by the Keplerian
(mass-shedding) limit, corresponding to the maximal circumferential radius, and
the limit due to the onset of instabilities with respect to axial-symmetric
perturbations, corresponding to the minimal equatorial radius of a stable
neutron star model. We show that the mass of a neutron star rotating uniformly
at $1122Hz$ is between $1.7$ and $2.1M_{\sun}$. Central stellar density and
proton fraction decrease with increasing rotational frequency with respect to
static models, and depending on the exact stellar mass and angular velocity,
can drop below the Direct Urca threshold thus closing the fast cooling channel.
| astro-ph nucl-ex nucl-th | properties structure and thermal evolution of neutron stars are determined by the equation of state of stellar matter recent data on isospindiffusion and isoscaling in heavyion collisions at intermediate energies as well as the size of neutron skin in 208pb have constrained considerably the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy and in turn the equation of state of neutronrich nucleonic matter these constraints could provide useful information about the global properties of rapidly rotating neutron stars models of rapidly rotating neutron stars are constructed applying several nucleonic equations of state particular emphasis is placed on configurations rotating rigidly at 716 and 1122hz the range of allowed hydrostatic equilibrium solutions is determined and tested for stability the effect of rotation on the internal composition and thermal properties of neutron stars is also examined at a given rotational frequency each equation of state yields a range of possible neutron stars configurations restricted by the keplerian massshedding limit corresponding to the maximal circumferential radius and the limit due to the onset of instabilities with respect to axialsymmetric perturbations corresponding to the minimal equatorial radius of a stable neutron star model we show that the mass of a neutron star rotating uniformly at 1122hz is between 17 and 21m_sun central stellar density and proton fraction decrease with increasing rotational frequency with respect to static models and depending on the exact stellar mass and angular velocity can drop below the direct urca threshold thus closing the fast cooling channel | [['properties', 'structure', 'and', 'thermal', 'evolution', 'of', 'neutron', 'stars', 'are', 'determined', 'by', 'the', 'equation', 'of', 'state', 'of', 'stellar', 'matter', 'recent', 'data', 'on', 'isospindiffusion', 'and', 'isoscaling', 'in', 'heavyion', 'collisions', 'at', 'intermediate', 'energies', 'as', 'well', 'as', 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'threshold', 'thus', 'closing', 'the', 'fast', 'cooling', 'channel']] | [-0.08839839571941291, 0.22323504733899033, -0.0772855408621929, 0.0725022591727138, -0.08357090823191368, -0.04685029036479469, 0.06466306045022889, 0.31471707084151024, -0.20886539876530016, -0.3307289624334708, 0.06997979237696102, -0.28454877615670593, 0.04291422747136879, 0.19802216057849611, 0.021439250983075534, 0.058161951689655156, 0.07449579508658959, 0.08044757524329436, -0.12717735241651112, -0.16476748802185578, 0.35397799959149473, 0.08250711683889107, 0.21539938097643385, 0.032673544712017825, 0.06942390359759928, -0.05532751233104249, 0.008007251738988384, -0.0027914722871663885, -0.17995217073591518, 0.019478267891482937, 0.20715155829004192, 0.08181197524124396, 0.15791248040151143, -0.4248748910670847, -0.20334752564368302, 0.07607431931865742, 0.14649292320796814, 0.09815149414429725, -0.06849918090472469, -0.2477781574151751, 0.08871854021532055, -0.2183569759760941, -0.20072763682095862, 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709.3622 | Numerical simulations of the type III migration:I. Disc model and
convergence tests | We investigate the fast (type III) migration regime of high-mass protoplanets
orbiting in protoplanetary disks. This type of migration is dominated by
corotational torques. We study the details of flow structure in the planet's
vicinity, the dependence of migration rate on the adopted disc model, and the
numerical convergence of models (independence of certain numerical parameters
such as gravitational softening). We use two-dimensional hydrodynamical
simulations with adaptive mesh refinement,based on the FLASH code with improved
time-stepping scheme. We perform global disk simulations with sufficient
resolution close to the planet, which is allowed to freely move throughout the
grid. We employ a new type of equation of state in which the gas temperature
depends on both the distance to the star and planet, and a simplified
correction for self-gravity of the circumplanetary gas. We find that the
migration rate in the type III migration regime depends strongly on the gas
dynamics inside the Hill sphere (Roche lobe of the planet) which, in turn, is
sensitive to the aspect ratio of the circumplanetary disc. Furthermore,
corrections due to the gas self-gravity are necessary to reduce numerical
artifacts that act against rapid planet migration. Reliable numerical studies
of Type III migration thus require consideration of both the thermal andthe
self-gravity corrections, as well as a sufficient spatial resolution and the
calculation of disk-planet attraction both inside and outside the Hill sphere.
With this proviso, we find Type III migration to be a robust mode of migration,
astrophysically promising because of a speed much faster than in the previously
studied modes of migration.
| astro-ph | we investigate the fast type iii migration regime of highmass protoplanets orbiting in protoplanetary disks this type of migration is dominated by corotational torques we study the details of flow structure in the planets vicinity the dependence of migration rate on the adopted disc model and the numerical convergence of models independence of certain numerical parameters such as gravitational softening we use twodimensional hydrodynamical simulations with adaptive mesh refinementbased on the flash code with improved timestepping scheme we perform global disk simulations with sufficient resolution close to the planet which is allowed to freely move throughout the grid we employ a new type of equation of state in which the gas temperature depends on both the distance to the star and planet and a simplified correction for selfgravity of the circumplanetary gas we find that the migration rate in the type iii migration regime depends strongly on the gas dynamics inside the hill sphere roche lobe of the planet which in turn is sensitive to the aspect ratio of the circumplanetary disc furthermore corrections due to the gas selfgravity are necessary to reduce numerical artifacts that act against rapid planet migration reliable numerical studies of type iii migration thus require consideration of both the thermal andthe selfgravity corrections as well as a sufficient spatial resolution and the calculation of diskplanet attraction both inside and outside the hill sphere with this proviso we find type iii migration to be a robust mode of migration astrophysically promising because of a speed much faster than in the previously studied modes of migration | [['we', 'investigate', 'the', 'fast', 'type', 'iii', 'migration', 'regime', 'of', 'highmass', 'protoplanets', 'orbiting', 'in', 'protoplanetary', 'disks', 'this', 'type', 'of', 'migration', 'is', 'dominated', 'by', 'corotational', 'torques', 'we', 'study', 'the', 'details', 'of', 'flow', 'structure', 'in', 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709.3623 | Noncommutativity, generalized uncertainty principle and FRW cosmology | We consider the effects of noncommutativity and the generalized uncertainty
principle on the FRW cosmology with a scalar field. We show that, the
cosmological constant problem and removability of initial curvature singularity
find natural solutions in this scenarios.
| gr-qc | we consider the effects of noncommutativity and the generalized uncertainty principle on the frw cosmology with a scalar field we show that the cosmological constant problem and removability of initial curvature singularity find natural solutions in this scenarios | [['we', 'consider', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'noncommutativity', 'and', 'the', 'generalized', 'uncertainty', 'principle', 'on', 'the', 'frw', 'cosmology', 'with', 'a', 'scalar', 'field', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'cosmological', 'constant', 'problem', 'and', 'removability', 'of', 'initial', 'curvature', 'singularity', 'find', 'natural', 'solutions', 'in', 'this', 'scenarios']] | [-0.19031748435411014, 0.07264944440440128, -0.09872420401753564, 0.15350643303674205, -0.10200984026060293, -0.1270380705276406, -0.05450135739030022, 0.28019329841787877, -0.26835878958043297, -0.26148491137121854, 0.08969850891796675, -0.22539919244713688, -0.14230528473854065, 0.13316725017993072, -0.07219329826827896, 0.041655085343671475, 0.0697502326220274, 0.0625761077665773, -0.06890403065756943, -0.26635240930696263, 0.4931209534406662, 0.023551844486255982, 0.2353372959125983, 0.08018249572303734, 0.17076211547675102, -0.05074570840224624, 0.009238322461514096, 0.08096479016699289, -0.26467035656988674, 0.04018137341450998, 0.1502733276054067, 0.14222192079269966, 0.2603478545421048, -0.37255859296572835, -0.3065811343196976, 0.1675647244617147, 0.08286761414063604, 0.18649411746790925, -0.06275127917883526, -0.31310750563677986, 0.021062266014173235, -0.1298098350433927, -0.14700204307997697, -0.012036616987499752, -0.011950376109636732, -0.06330546467123847, -0.24363202807542525, 0.16118362697919733, 0.004294141379528139, -0.024156381008460334, -0.11803973115686524, -0.05868329365713228, 0.051612615854920524, 0.006690814882810963, 0.12557896894194479, -0.01053309401399211, 0.10880703878539957, -0.13237650510487392, -0.10853176772606705, 0.4185678757923214, -0.13527870416108176, -0.2665157778384654, 0.052213851926162055, -0.18375794925285796, -0.1627295621254138, -0.019821315936401095, 0.13951370260972334, 0.12265884131193161, -0.09063481778445605, 0.222275039594694, 0.022207221996627356, 0.1310390073585471, 0.11205215602623005, 0.010781434033752271, 0.24347314704209566, 0.0771779145273429, 0.09062113331042622, 0.1341917047179059, -0.03372014989757812, -0.12023829247214292, -0.42914449717653425, -0.15259750231512284, -0.10582089446190941, 0.1195808167655119, -0.23014222788792962, -0.20580242897726989, 0.34706063715643004, 0.1612251678383664, 0.16694887905185551, 0.08380636871841393, 0.2526807577814907, 0.07126689783150428, -0.02245013027966611, 0.08315267281508759, 0.3038209911533876, 0.11800105011972942, 0.13702018413153527, -0.24711947542566218, -0.07117099471782383, 0.02157869415455743] |
709.3624 | Sequestration of noble gases by H3+ in protoplanetary disks and outer
solar system composition | We study the efficiency of the noble gases sequestration by the ion H3+ in
the form of XH3+ complexes (with X = argon, krypton or xenon) in gas phase
conditions similar to those encountered during the cooling of protoplanetary
disks, at the epoch of icy planetesimals formation. We show that XH3+ complexes
form very stable structures in the gas phase and that their binding energies
are much higher than those involved in the structures of X-H2O hydrates or pure
X-X condensates. This implies that, in presence of H3+ ions, argon, krypton or
xenon are likely to remain sequestrated in the form of XH3+ complexes embedded
in the gas phase rather than forming ices during the cooling of protoplanetary
disks. The amount of the deficiency depends on how much H3+ is available and
efficient in capturing noble gases. In the dense gas of the mid-plane of solar
nebula, H3+ is formed by the ionization of H2 from energetic particles, as
those in cosmic rays or those ejected by the young Sun. Even using the largest
estimate of the cosmic rays ionization rate, we compute that the H3+ abundance
is two and three orders of magnitude lower than the xenon and krypton
abundance, respectively. Estimating the ionization induced by the young Sun, on
the other hand, is very uncertain but leaves the possibility to have enough H3+
to make krypton and xenon trapping efficent. Finally, additional source of H3+
formation may be provided by the presence of a nearby supernova, as discussed
in the literature. Recent solar system observations show a deficiency of Ar,
and, even more, of Kr and Xe in Titan and in comets. In this article, we
consider the possibility that this deficiency is caused by the afore-mentioned
process, namely trapping of those noble gases by H3+ ions in the solar nebula.
| astro-ph | we study the efficiency of the noble gases sequestration by the ion h3 in the form of xh3 complexes with x argon krypton or xenon in gas phase conditions similar to those encountered during the cooling of protoplanetary disks at the epoch of icy planetesimals formation we show that xh3 complexes form very stable structures in the gas phase and that their binding energies are much higher than those involved in the structures of xh2o hydrates or pure xx condensates this implies that in presence of h3 ions argon krypton or xenon are likely to remain sequestrated in the form of xh3 complexes embedded in the gas phase rather than forming ices during the cooling of protoplanetary disks the amount of the deficiency depends on how much h3 is available and efficient in capturing noble gases in the dense gas of the midplane of solar nebula h3 is formed by the ionization of h2 from energetic particles as those in cosmic rays or those ejected by the young sun even using the largest estimate of the cosmic rays ionization rate we compute that the h3 abundance is two and three orders of magnitude lower than the xenon and krypton abundance respectively estimating the ionization induced by the young sun on the other hand is very uncertain but leaves the possibility to have enough h3 to make krypton and xenon trapping efficent finally additional source of h3 formation may be provided by the presence of a nearby supernova as discussed in the literature recent solar system observations show a deficiency of ar and even more of kr and xe in titan and in comets in this article we consider the possibility that this deficiency is caused by the aforementioned process namely trapping of those noble gases by h3 ions in the solar nebula | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'efficiency', 'of', 'the', 'noble', 'gases', 'sequestration', 'by', 'the', 'ion', 'h3', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'xh3', 'complexes', 'with', 'x', 'argon', 'krypton', 'or', 'xenon', 'in', 'gas', 'phase', 'conditions', 'similar', 'to', 'those', 'encountered', 'during', 'the', 'cooling', 'of', 'protoplanetary', 'disks', 'at', 'the', 'epoch', 'of', 'icy', 'planetesimals', 'formation', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'xh3', 'complexes', 'form', 'very', 'stable', 'structures', 'in', 'the', 'gas', 'phase', 'and', 'that', 'their', 'binding', 'energies', 'are', 'much', 'higher', 'than', 'those', 'involved', 'in', 'the', 'structures', 'of', 'xh2o', 'hydrates', 'or', 'pure', 'xx', 'condensates', 'this', 'implies', 'that', 'in', 'presence', 'of', 'h3', 'ions', 'argon', 'krypton', 'or', 'xenon', 'are', 'likely', 'to', 'remain', 'sequestrated', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'xh3', 'complexes', 'embedded', 'in', 'the', 'gas', 'phase', 'rather', 'than', 'forming', 'ices', 'during', 'the', 'cooling', 'of', 'protoplanetary', 'disks', 'the', 'amount', 'of', 'the', 'deficiency', 'depends', 'on', 'how', 'much', 'h3', 'is', 'available', 'and', 'efficient', 'in', 'capturing', 'noble', 'gases', 'in', 'the', 'dense', 'gas', 'of', 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'system', 'observations', 'show', 'a', 'deficiency', 'of', 'ar', 'and', 'even', 'more', 'of', 'kr', 'and', 'xe', 'in', 'titan', 'and', 'in', 'comets', 'in', 'this', 'article', 'we', 'consider', 'the', 'possibility', 'that', 'this', 'deficiency', 'is', 'caused', 'by', 'the', 'aforementioned', 'process', 'namely', 'trapping', 'of', 'those', 'noble', 'gases', 'by', 'h3', 'ions', 'in', 'the', 'solar', 'nebula']] | [-0.05204812364015938, 0.21572116209773828, 0.022085373830616886, 0.06938782847656746, 0.0678217294194199, -0.043579618424941964, 0.007102837642679448, 0.3940395695367051, -0.1966093863153966, -0.3160129405114035, 0.05380769650835778, -0.29781069041735536, -0.029442522262912305, 0.16600977571292577, -0.01769397065154468, -0.03350962784744773, 0.056907395152251745, -0.03344216422464649, -0.04936065841296577, -0.27596663146523376, 0.28380388505749143, 0.12300472652588952, 0.13633044470187944, 0.04560294265655295, 0.036514613048068634, -0.14770100438822406, -0.008895675001036845, 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709.3625 | Laterally coupled and field-induced quantum Hall systems | A quantum Hall system which is divided into two laterally coupled subsystems
by means of a tunneling barrier exhibits a complex Landau level dispersion.
Magnetotunneling spectroscopy is employed to investigate the small energy gaps
which separate subsequent Landau bands. The control on the Fermi level permits
to trace the anticrossings for varying magnetic fields. The band structure
calculation predicts a magnetic shift of the band gaps on the scale of the
cyclotron energy. This effect is confirmed experimentally by a displacement of
the conductance peaks on the axis of the filling factor. Tunneling centers
within the barrier are responsible for quantum interferences between opposite
edge channels. Due to the disorder potential, the corresponding Aharonov-Bohm
interferometers generate additional long-period and irregular conductance
features. In the regime of strong localization, conductance fluctuations occur
at small magnetic fields before the onset of the regular Landau oscillations.
The Landau dispersion is obtained by a dedicated algorithm which solves the
Schroedinger equation exactly for a single electron residing in a quantum Hall
system with an arbitrary unidirectional, threefold staircase potential.
| cond-mat.mes-hall | a quantum hall system which is divided into two laterally coupled subsystems by means of a tunneling barrier exhibits a complex landau level dispersion magnetotunneling spectroscopy is employed to investigate the small energy gaps which separate subsequent landau bands the control on the fermi level permits to trace the anticrossings for varying magnetic fields the band structure calculation predicts a magnetic shift of the band gaps on the scale of the cyclotron energy this effect is confirmed experimentally by a displacement of the conductance peaks on the axis of the filling factor tunneling centers within the barrier are responsible for quantum interferences between opposite edge channels due to the disorder potential the corresponding aharonovbohm interferometers generate additional longperiod and irregular conductance features in the regime of strong localization conductance fluctuations occur at small magnetic fields before the onset of the regular landau oscillations the landau dispersion is obtained by a dedicated algorithm which solves the schroedinger equation exactly for a single electron residing in a quantum hall system with an arbitrary unidirectional threefold staircase potential | [['a', 'quantum', 'hall', 'system', 'which', 'is', 'divided', 'into', 'two', 'laterally', 'coupled', 'subsystems', 'by', 'means', 'of', 'a', 'tunneling', 'barrier', 'exhibits', 'a', 'complex', 'landau', 'level', 'dispersion', 'magnetotunneling', 'spectroscopy', 'is', 'employed', 'to', 'investigate', 'the', 'small', 'energy', 'gaps', 'which', 'separate', 'subsequent', 'landau', 'bands', 'the', 'control', 'on', 'the', 'fermi', 'level', 'permits', 'to', 'trace', 'the', 'anticrossings', 'for', 'varying', 'magnetic', 'fields', 'the', 'band', 'structure', 'calculation', 'predicts', 'a', 'magnetic', 'shift', 'of', 'the', 'band', 'gaps', 'on', 'the', 'scale', 'of', 'the', 'cyclotron', 'energy', 'this', 'effect', 'is', 'confirmed', 'experimentally', 'by', 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709.3626 | Dimer percolation and jamming on simple cubic lattice | We consider site percolation of dimers (``neadles'') on simple cubic lattice.
The percolation threshold is estimated as $p_c^\text{perc} \approx 0.2555 \pm
0.0001$. The jamming threshold is estimated as $p_c^\text{jamm} = 0.799 \pm
0.002$.
| cond-mat.dis-nn | we consider site percolation of dimers neadles on simple cubic lattice the percolation threshold is estimated as p_ctextperc approx 02555 pm 00001 the jamming threshold is estimated as p_ctextjamm 0799 pm 0002 | [['we', 'consider', 'site', 'percolation', 'of', 'dimers', 'neadles', 'on', 'simple', 'cubic', 'lattice', 'the', 'percolation', 'threshold', 'is', 'estimated', 'as', 'p_ctextperc', 'approx', '02555', 'pm', '00001', 'the', 'jamming', 'threshold', 'is', 'estimated', 'as', 'p_ctextjamm', '0799', 'pm', '0002']] | [-0.14916668885520526, 0.25370237001750084, 0.04977923768040325, 0.0410122131413248, 0.044323821019913466, -0.22625270273004258, 0.17574007376762374, 0.4085757759000574, -0.1588588002403932, -0.2554169003186481, 0.1080918266421317, -0.3832639658025333, -0.09950086341372558, 0.0747656055859157, 0.01931195825870548, 0.03696153914955046, -0.08200447860040835, 0.09062538295984268, -0.04635301950786795, -0.18784963267223379, 0.11645075735369963, 0.0542752006190962, 0.26642611370022806, 0.12348179372825793, 0.04708478518711802, 0.026849242625758052, 0.154366615361401, -0.06372004567778536, -0.3892856785761459, -0.06650712810057614, 0.1477347215404734, -0.030336649838968048, 0.17934351693838835, -0.22864321705752186, -0.165341079609269, 0.10429792698206646, 0.1823106501251459, 0.07274502356137548, 0.05576755827808354, -0.23787898656779102, 0.14740919146320916, -0.1786551395697253, -0.12636661895417742, 0.1034998872783035, 0.023397427451397692, -0.010062443591388208, -0.3088130502562438, 0.24458667283345545, -0.04516909936709063, 0.1341141316973205, -0.00528530337448631, -0.2477067818732134, -0.05899280868470669, 0.0337363670447043, -0.063219961847478, 0.17371973591590567, 0.2188398155017889, -0.04593944177031517, -0.10771532497268968, 0.4938050452619791, -0.00641671647982938, -0.02960263131119843, 0.02855756945375885, -0.15340855225388492, -0.1378666326802756, 0.18857699260115623, 0.18502231035381556, 0.054455863045794625, -0.10399841823215995, -0.01940880762413144, 0.004063107809218179, 0.2804125662826534, 0.04063261120713183, -0.11466737304415021, 0.19094556150957942, 0.1956002623108881, 0.08227977455992784, 0.13525721630347626, -0.18952983625266434, -0.1096912482753396, -0.22543630955208624, 0.007574603127847824, -0.263904676639608, 0.1469339469165009, -0.25885015326951233, -0.13700533139386348, 0.19864152558147907, 0.08977450671539243, 0.27663351009999004, 0.12433680868707597, 0.14502200740389526, 0.17398971996902088, -0.02863607183098793, -0.008767634713357049, 0.24345765415845172, 0.20566473601918137, -0.03402551168775452, -0.1345916106365621, 0.09623279068286397, 0.12855868076439947] |
709.3627 | Exact Quantum Search by Parallel Unitary Discrimination Schemes | We study the unsorted database search problem with items $N$ from the
viewpoint of unitary discrimination. Instead of considering the famous
$O(\sqrt{N})$ Grover's the bounded-error algorithm for the original problem, we
seek for the results about the exact algorithms, i.e. the ones succeed with
certainty. Under the standard oracle model $\sum_j (-1)^{\delta_{\tau j}}|j><
j|$, we demonstrate a tight lower bound ${2/3}N+o(N)$ of the number of queries
for any parallel scheme with unentangled input states. With the assistance of
entanglement, we obtain a general lower bound ${1/2}(N-\sqrt{N})$. We provide
concrete examples to illustrate our results. In particular, we show that the
case of N=6 can be solved exactly with only two queries by using a bipartite
entangled input state. Our results indicate that in the standard oracle model
the complexity of exact quantum search with one unique solution can be strictly
less than that of the calculation of OR function.
| quant-ph | we study the unsorted database search problem with items n from the viewpoint of unitary discrimination instead of considering the famous osqrtn grovers the boundederror algorithm for the original problem we seek for the results about the exact algorithms ie the ones succeed with certainty under the standard oracle model sum_j 1delta_tau jj j we demonstrate a tight lower bound 23non of the number of queries for any parallel scheme with unentangled input states with the assistance of entanglement we obtain a general lower bound 12nsqrtn we provide concrete examples to illustrate our results in particular we show that the case of n6 can be solved exactly with only two queries by using a bipartite entangled input state our results indicate that in the standard oracle model the complexity of exact quantum search with one unique solution can be strictly less than that of the calculation of or function | [['we', 'study', 'the', 'unsorted', 'database', 'search', 'problem', 'with', 'items', 'n', 'from', 'the', 'viewpoint', 'of', 'unitary', 'discrimination', 'instead', 'of', 'considering', 'the', 'famous', 'osqrtn', 'grovers', 'the', 'boundederror', 'algorithm', 'for', 'the', 'original', 'problem', 'we', 'seek', 'for', 'the', 'results', 'about', 'the', 'exact', 'algorithms', 'ie', 'the', 'ones', 'succeed', 'with', 'certainty', 'under', 'the', 'standard', 'oracle', 'model', 'sum_j', '1delta_tau', 'jj', 'j', 'we', 'demonstrate', 'a', 'tight', 'lower', 'bound', '23non', 'of', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'queries', 'for', 'any', 'parallel', 'scheme', 'with', 'unentangled', 'input', 'states', 'with', 'the', 'assistance', 'of', 'entanglement', 'we', 'obtain', 'a', 'general', 'lower', 'bound', '12nsqrtn', 'we', 'provide', 'concrete', 'examples', 'to', 'illustrate', 'our', 'results', 'in', 'particular', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'n6', 'can', 'be', 'solved', 'exactly', 'with', 'only', 'two', 'queries', 'by', 'using', 'a', 'bipartite', 'entangled', 'input', 'state', 'our', 'results', 'indicate', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'standard', 'oracle', 'model', 'the', 'complexity', 'of', 'exact', 'quantum', 'search', 'with', 'one', 'unique', 'solution', 'can', 'be', 'strictly', 'less', 'than', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'calculation', 'of', 'or', 'function']] | [-0.09124944020343358, 0.07893422527608704, -0.053204187541268766, 0.07789179311159437, -0.03050176134613687, -0.21431682863885104, 0.10710759858492354, 0.34374931518447727, -0.24559261542681146, -0.3594188969709898, 0.07445200027663529, -0.2941979513414306, -0.12967739631549444, 0.20537197801494997, -0.03330538369482383, 0.08459868835770104, 0.10585997117147462, 0.08386873645183299, -0.08048928187592337, -0.32142364198648155, 0.28566725409832106, 0.013519051633870918, 0.22572470719432491, 0.012287993658228765, 0.06180739586324469, 0.02264178934353978, 0.02912466625734041, 0.02054206040777164, -0.1311388735966705, 0.12961353963896416, 0.24621250921515875, 0.2026892573579074, 0.2557175067470294, -0.4125575134147928, -0.13594369406569495, 0.14607235709562488, 0.12302580191945173, 0.16997462250164722, -0.03540397752778069, -0.3013112307510224, 0.09599653121135006, -0.1371930932230635, -0.08110468708016999, -0.06520141993827913, -0.022269549422374326, -0.01970680014466331, -0.3164666458326057, 0.05043083651323024, 0.09314136346961588, -0.008398931211957785, -0.039534576288233064, -0.1116265205097104, 0.05392250871885415, 0.09835025460988743, -0.009281001788921247, 0.04003834264027593, 0.0644097620659597, -0.13266408804497898, -0.1987609907156271, 0.35945131226557575, -0.069370563334665, -0.22244196858461182, 0.1488742525458068, -0.11497922989616349, -0.12346032449707695, 0.08980320815685881, 0.12831825531272806, 0.14713286346921775, -0.09082151944940425, 0.10732363216094162, -0.13502004037432577, 0.20619760867613304, 0.05115552951481308, 0.07131345088678183, 0.09239808509081653, 0.12101806298955599, 0.10474795512839105, 0.2207494965046389, -0.017024730658517475, -0.10863013730754387, -0.2964734660002263, -0.18782667563957073, -0.2330030836930422, 0.04275968311711738, -0.14694694433622826, -0.12665116029380094, 0.3719607749755272, 0.1669837274343056, 0.19240594438073058, 0.131762593445585, 0.288003212427848, 0.1257508471241374, 0.007748491862351841, 0.14768316030936085, 0.2040731837320754, 0.05085855563432744, 0.010046291847598471, -0.2037613285427964, 0.07527987154085852, 0.08686086170579473] |
709.3628 | \ell-adic class field theory for regular local rings | In this paper, we prove the $\ell$-adic abelian class field theory for
henselian regular local rings of equi-characteristic assuming the surjectivity
of Galois symbol maps, which is a $\ell$-adic variant of a result of Matsumi
[13].
| math.NT math.KT | in this paper we prove the elladic abelian class field theory for henselian regular local rings of equicharacteristic assuming the surjectivity of galois symbol maps which is a elladic variant of a result of matsumi 13 | [['in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'prove', 'the', 'elladic', 'abelian', 'class', 'field', 'theory', 'for', 'henselian', 'regular', 'local', 'rings', 'of', 'equicharacteristic', 'assuming', 'the', 'surjectivity', 'of', 'galois', 'symbol', 'maps', 'which', 'is', 'a', 'elladic', 'variant', 'of', 'a', 'result', 'of', 'matsumi', '13']] | [-0.24247925796412995, -0.006143090687692166, -0.1641489211869027, 0.0818618041064058, -0.08234095653252942, -0.11197454963943788, -0.06415472106475915, 0.24406345960284984, -0.39601968580058644, -0.21980447742555823, 0.08874931544664183, -0.15954450299697262, -0.13419199199415743, 0.1977057559149606, -0.19580580618764673, -0.04039936472129609, -0.015109944503222193, 0.1551138048725469, -0.07782876268694443, -0.344634345616214, 0.4187881421963019, -0.08241519645920821, 0.20946306490472386, 0.042722360230982304, 0.08742660315973418, 0.07438192543174539, -0.041287216703806605, -0.04604660512081214, -0.130644874434386, 0.1388618869174804, 0.38345777674445086, 0.02409292301828308, 0.2327936338526862, -0.3812700623380286, -0.11035611308845027, 0.3020427705587021, 0.08190409497224858, 0.056704615093102415, -0.06459939874974745, -0.2684088521770069, 0.18648655880242587, -0.18057317935994693, -0.1761742705213172, -0.02708210524703775, 0.0761853693485526, 0.060474221295277984, -0.33455153426953727, 0.05061682960284608, 0.19318172990211419, 0.31047708235148874, -0.1253541794206415, -0.03264536995972906, 0.03323165143706969, -0.012604964231806142, -0.020246245954850955, 0.08900522576378925, 0.14135223502027136, -0.13622545237386866, -0.10512786419796093, 0.30658654905855653, -0.16410392065133367, -0.13799062387884728, 0.06683758601014103, -0.19568282740988902, -0.1933520539530686, 0.12070730663836002, 0.028962494087006366, 0.21213451067784003, 0.01892114273671593, 0.2436749802902341, -0.26203494029385704, 0.10986341791493552, 0.11425426756697042, 0.042100781880851305, 0.14477045175486378, 0.03593472670763731, 0.12297455825443779, 0.16943767312914132, -0.03898644745349884, -0.012126057555100747, -0.3977513285885964, -0.21636175927040832, -0.07908083601588649, 0.16651367808559112, -0.05733101071257676, -0.18722780267042774, 0.4626489299216441, 0.09980788185660328, 0.09802296411778245, 0.22627832576565976, 0.21476707511714527, 0.04496679337961333, 0.04179235610312649, 0.0320126522465476, 0.10043875404766628, 0.30982994133872643, -0.012714757796909127, -0.08140504491914596, -0.08809789586812258, 0.24736359808593988] |
709.3629 | A Functorial Approach to the Infinitesimal Theory of Groupoids | Lie algebroids are by no means natural as an infinitesimal counterpart of
groupoids. In this paper we propose a functorial construction called Nishimura
algebroids for an infinitesimal counterpart of groupoids. Nishimura algebroids,
intended for differential geometry, are of the same vein as Lawvere's
functorial notion of algebraic theory and Ehresmann's functorial notion of
theory called sketches. We study totally intransitive Nishimura algebroids in
detail. Finally we show that Nishimura algebroids naturally give rise to Lie
algebroids.
| math.DG | lie algebroids are by no means natural as an infinitesimal counterpart of groupoids in this paper we propose a functorial construction called nishimura algebroids for an infinitesimal counterpart of groupoids nishimura algebroids intended for differential geometry are of the same vein as lawveres functorial notion of algebraic theory and ehresmanns functorial notion of theory called sketches we study totally intransitive nishimura algebroids in detail finally we show that nishimura algebroids naturally give rise to lie algebroids | [['lie', 'algebroids', 'are', 'by', 'no', 'means', 'natural', 'as', 'an', 'infinitesimal', 'counterpart', 'of', 'groupoids', 'in', 'this', 'paper', 'we', 'propose', 'a', 'functorial', 'construction', 'called', 'nishimura', 'algebroids', 'for', 'an', 'infinitesimal', 'counterpart', 'of', 'groupoids', 'nishimura', 'algebroids', 'intended', 'for', 'differential', 'geometry', 'are', 'of', 'the', 'same', 'vein', 'as', 'lawveres', 'functorial', 'notion', 'of', 'algebraic', 'theory', 'and', 'ehresmanns', 'functorial', 'notion', 'of', 'theory', 'called', 'sketches', 'we', 'study', 'totally', 'intransitive', 'nishimura', 'algebroids', 'in', 'detail', 'finally', 'we', 'show', 'that', 'nishimura', 'algebroids', 'naturally', 'give', 'rise', 'to', 'lie', 'algebroids']] | [-0.1976678290785027, -0.018488509099130936, -0.11062040616218981, 0.20784096507275918, -0.26602841411276085, -0.12285101609182005, -0.04974267393577305, 0.4163880692703012, -0.4096794602902312, -0.22493722265292154, 0.03470985315384736, -0.19795469704427218, -0.2980827808527178, 0.15053196092087187, -0.350711339058379, -0.08559720149557841, 0.05517353277383862, 0.1208745681582705, -0.13739616834056123, -0.20516214529542545, 0.4389691454125568, 0.1054065163081855, 0.18547519213997907, -0.012292001586358407, 0.1583655323269532, 0.028086019379674997, -0.016039093882825813, 0.01471261963199236, -0.19815302742264115, 0.08168757057252438, 0.42709114037968804, 0.029199105564896997, 0.20291240115061795, -0.3475655354069252, -0.03867648825268445, 0.08965915806689545, 0.11834353085386713, 0.01282222424388716, -0.026268547780713754, -0.39117315913991707, 0.09588832571171224, -0.2256770891529557, -0.07198922492343147, -0.13958365045561405, 0.05082782377537928, -0.04243622727900449, -0.09737039411342457, -0.05382447262098523, 0.20285768831442846, 0.21175570917119713, -0.07775142564634352, -0.03744881009027411, -0.08253023451757863, -0.035851198916421516, -0.06971629220061004, -0.0006785093114319208, 0.13281436523692192, 0.011850894873005976, -0.2732334963036824, 0.38231369193741366, -0.030375203124621247, -0.23158650021804006, 0.08169600865068405, -0.04606015659335658, -0.24685246770662306, 0.08930070554580245, 0.04710955599224881, 0.16346020316996146, -0.12514057587587127, 0.2104932096423765, -0.13940878260856202, -0.08344872670223642, 0.12231871005343764, 0.02721336048776529, 0.12650827906633677, 0.13978504436396944, 0.07665177713466906, 0.08446527823903843, 0.10274654117069747, -0.07873837750307039, -0.3737960321044451, -0.2069867435497336, 0.06326794884118594, 0.16841816874894952, -0.04103881283490888, -0.21654424331101932, 0.35766680107304927, 0.16823230252454155, 0.20391338609011941, 0.22290526358655802, 0.16079900690697527, 0.05074752556270381, 0.04869801678547734, 0.028284318303983463, 0.15721762748925308, 0.34966563224167513, 0.03431728908694104, -0.022436045220513876, -0.1347671094607856, 0.24812212546882956] |
709.363 | Investments in Random Environments | We present analytical investigations of a multiplicative stochastic process
that models a simple investor dynamics in a random environment. The dynamics of
the investor's budget, $x(t)$, depends on the stochasticity of the return on
investment, $r(t)$, for which different model assumptions are discussed. The
fat-tail distribution of the budget is investigated and compared with
theoretical predictions. Weare mainly interested in the most probable value
$x_mp$ of the budget that reaches a constant value over time. Based on an
analytical investigation of the dynamics, we are able to predict $x_mp^stat$.
We find a scaling law that relates the most probable value to the
characteristic parameters describing the stochastic process. Our analytical
results are confirmed by stochastic computer simulations that show a very good
agreement with the predictions.
| q-fin.PM physics.soc-ph | we present analytical investigations of a multiplicative stochastic process that models a simple investor dynamics in a random environment the dynamics of the investors budget xt depends on the stochasticity of the return on investment rt for which different model assumptions are discussed the fattail distribution of the budget is investigated and compared with theoretical predictions weare mainly interested in the most probable value x_mp of the budget that reaches a constant value over time based on an analytical investigation of the dynamics we are able to predict x_mpstat we find a scaling law that relates the most probable value to the characteristic parameters describing the stochastic process our analytical results are confirmed by stochastic computer simulations that show a very good agreement with the predictions | [['we', 'present', 'analytical', 'investigations', 'of', 'a', 'multiplicative', 'stochastic', 'process', 'that', 'models', 'a', 'simple', 'investor', 'dynamics', 'in', 'a', 'random', 'environment', 'the', 'dynamics', 'of', 'the', 'investors', 'budget', 'xt', 'depends', 'on', 'the', 'stochasticity', 'of', 'the', 'return', 'on', 'investment', 'rt', 'for', 'which', 'different', 'model', 'assumptions', 'are', 'discussed', 'the', 'fattail', 'distribution', 'of', 'the', 'budget', 'is', 'investigated', 'and', 'compared', 'with', 'theoretical', 'predictions', 'weare', 'mainly', 'interested', 'in', 'the', 'most', 'probable', 'value', 'x_mp', 'of', 'the', 'budget', 'that', 'reaches', 'a', 'constant', 'value', 'over', 'time', 'based', 'on', 'an', 'analytical', 'investigation', 'of', 'the', 'dynamics', 'we', 'are', 'able', 'to', 'predict', 'x_mpstat', 'we', 'find', 'a', 'scaling', 'law', 'that', 'relates', 'the', 'most', 'probable', 'value', 'to', 'the', 'characteristic', 'parameters', 'describing', 'the', 'stochastic', 'process', 'our', 'analytical', 'results', 'are', 'confirmed', 'by', 'stochastic', 'computer', 'simulations', 'that', 'show', 'a', 'very', 'good', 'agreement', 'with', 'the', 'predictions']] | [-0.10725518735876728, 0.05987881487641472, -0.09999188455572773, 0.08311261174813192, -0.049091872030628786, -0.11518500283390525, 0.07189829850141259, 0.36733094096604374, -0.23481297040275567, -0.27412521299124964, 0.10553509772439758, -0.2852096181858571, -0.15197256139870133, 0.22698718205567509, -0.03269309002245145, 0.041605327171348634, 0.06880958403381819, 0.04205270506997382, -0.015167462414190654, -0.23085277805465362, 0.28241847965475775, 0.10699392903986718, 0.27689535907589863, -0.003019281008633815, 0.11087388232455499, -0.03831441426694754, -0.046157861188534766, 0.028134005730070414, -0.2045581168957494, 0.07979981404109675, 0.19318044134228507, 0.08872226669993852, 0.30925170731760804, -0.4269864843226969, -0.21181615743966353, 0.07447748583170676, 0.08568937772619276, 0.08356617701581619, -0.07447566722816366, -0.21054368868335, 0.0791480414411654, -0.14384868398361328, -0.12670315306017838, -0.05371091843792988, 0.046256528994549184, 0.06358270104899402, -0.3065756613448743, 0.08008712088508953, 0.016790182224564975, 0.013923837755188993, -0.08787668978555067, -0.13077756718285533, -0.011561724685898592, 0.12223782930091294, 0.07519789785569188, -0.013017724594852377, 0.15766174939926714, -0.16870121356670656, -0.11417798201493438, 0.3827625560769511, -0.09338668488236444, -0.1836819789943195, 0.1521837085414107, -0.1553789256065483, -0.13525688496883959, 0.11456903736783011, 0.16250681989045151, 0.10528088701005711, -0.16753696974727414, 0.055015227388902264, -0.06267818759736274, 0.19071241788145515, -0.03188176352095099, -0.029116260793377858, 0.18245037729221006, 0.20212401347535272, 0.015559339094080872, 0.09284965069251015, -0.04859634991472347, -0.21941486266892282, -0.3119907579084317, -0.09769979271767361, -0.17194809265446007, 0.08634156775435493, -0.13551379517159676, -0.13926886503149064, 0.3916326527063164, 0.21326516904387502, 0.2126124226826153, 0.12962567959555366, 0.264862124237322, 0.17036608047877258, -0.021583340203975357, 0.09287611396247221, 0.2410295669124612, 0.08300199711342313, 0.0705560935771979, -0.2456421243935643, 0.16805728980820747, -0.00749359099990538] |
709.3631 | Turning the Quantum Group Invariant XXZ Spin-Chain Hermitian: A
Conjecture on the Invariant Product | This is a continuation of a previous joint work with Robert Weston on the
quantum group invariant XXZ spin-chain (math-ph/0703085). The previous results
on quasi-Hermiticity of this integrable model are briefly reviewed and then
connected with a new construction of an inner product with respect to which the
Hamiltonian and the representation of the Temperley-Lieb algebra become
Hermitian. The approach is purely algebraic, one starts with the definition of
a positive functional over the Temperley-Lieb algebra whose values can be
computed graphically. Employing the Gel'fand-Naimark-Segal (GNS) construction
for C*-algebras a self-adjoint representation of the Temperley-Lieb algebra is
constructed when the deformation parameter q lies in a special section of the
unit circle. The main conjecture of the paper is the unitary equivalence of
this GNS representation with the representation obtained in the previous paper
employing the ideas of PT-symmetry and quasi-Hermiticity. An explicit example
is presented.
| math-ph math.MP math.QA nlin.SI | this is a continuation of a previous joint work with robert weston on the quantum group invariant xxz spinchain mathph0703085 the previous results on quasihermiticity of this integrable model are briefly reviewed and then connected with a new construction of an inner product with respect to which the hamiltonian and the representation of the temperleylieb algebra become hermitian the approach is purely algebraic one starts with the definition of a positive functional over the temperleylieb algebra whose values can be computed graphically employing the gelfandnaimarksegal gns construction for calgebras a selfadjoint representation of the temperleylieb algebra is constructed when the deformation parameter q lies in a special section of the unit circle the main conjecture of the paper is the unitary equivalence of this gns representation with the representation obtained in the previous paper employing the ideas of ptsymmetry and quasihermiticity an explicit example is presented | [['this', 'is', 'a', 'continuation', 'of', 'a', 'previous', 'joint', 'work', 'with', 'robert', 'weston', 'on', 'the', 'quantum', 'group', 'invariant', 'xxz', 'spinchain', 'mathph0703085', 'the', 'previous', 'results', 'on', 'quasihermiticity', 'of', 'this', 'integrable', 'model', 'are', 'briefly', 'reviewed', 'and', 'then', 'connected', 'with', 'a', 'new', 'construction', 'of', 'an', 'inner', 'product', 'with', 'respect', 'to', 'which', 'the', 'hamiltonian', 'and', 'the', 'representation', 'of', 'the', 'temperleylieb', 'algebra', 'become', 'hermitian', 'the', 'approach', 'is', 'purely', 'algebraic', 'one', 'starts', 'with', 'the', 'definition', 'of', 'a', 'positive', 'functional', 'over', 'the', 'temperleylieb', 'algebra', 'whose', 'values', 'can', 'be', 'computed', 'graphically', 'employing', 'the', 'gelfandnaimarksegal', 'gns', 'construction', 'for', 'calgebras', 'a', 'selfadjoint', 'representation', 'of', 'the', 'temperleylieb', 'algebra', 'is', 'constructed', 'when', 'the', 'deformation', 'parameter', 'q', 'lies', 'in', 'a', 'special', 'section', 'of', 'the', 'unit', 'circle', 'the', 'main', 'conjecture', 'of', 'the', 'paper', 'is', 'the', 'unitary', 'equivalence', 'of', 'this', 'gns', 'representation', 'with', 'the', 'representation', 'obtained', 'in', 'the', 'previous', 'paper', 'employing', 'the', 'ideas', 'of', 'ptsymmetry', 'and', 'quasihermiticity', 'an', 'explicit', 'example', 'is', 'presented']] | [-0.128746665638454, 0.09199937043956417, -0.09120388446568416, -0.002901276051676993, -0.10153130996201573, -0.11401855678393923, -0.045800655835372364, 0.325754492973973, -0.29143616374389364, -0.2032708400077636, 0.11969877100421179, -0.24366187494697755, -0.17310418381901652, 0.17380223428862618, -0.09759778530047886, 0.030988900092980373, 0.07960329044546033, 0.11499109142299356, -0.13818287164743603, -0.23001027278730582, 0.3933716777712107, 0.055090505619340674, 0.235473842906027, 0.01663746920510613, 0.11017651392853466, 0.04972393976139097, -0.030273796784980544, -0.03970821051505105, -0.1366442495298668, 0.17555751382084242, 0.2672204127342537, 0.07886641797577512, 0.20816806407388427, -0.35301858676147874, -0.14404668320283487, 0.11180066416553897, 0.1414194819196288, 0.07654812387913337, 4.765964113175869e-05, -0.3328789981234626, 0.03864694159028345, -0.23037447044304732, -0.14661870870000587, -0.03785619872525848, 0.03542740521470791, -0.03844820271759968, -0.24604552887893957, 0.014200405683368444, 0.1043608099992933, 0.09058309013991424, -0.08934466368599056, -0.10473477122582624, -0.018086912833025742, 0.07841497571950233, -0.02555416742387902, 0.07222005306373767, 0.09431698896825827, -0.07020927517482176, -0.13686259843987122, 0.33904175194108793, -0.01022139915329372, -0.24005444200452544, 0.12436900913779592, -0.13159436230900987, -0.17412256406748602, 0.059727912592894304, 0.04519352024613783, 0.10655280371710402, -0.10649310246256485, 0.20713691927757563, -0.13819513877307804, 0.09228864182910786, 0.03293054855011147, -0.011650514350561747, 0.1376401593378777, 0.12946604744948703, 0.027569347700296804, 0.15940275378926688, 0.03811095057312271, -0.13885573855569136, -0.35133737622406974, -0.1720828348838981, -0.1933051843388841, 0.07901896812535565, -0.09992812297694337, -0.19009008598353327, 0.44361781389291943, 0.10371917767835588, 0.21297933014495105, 0.10416670968707908, 0.23805081566859937, 0.16171155336056034, 0.07381788534272847, 0.03896503515605783, 0.16595030766911806, 0.22738124367877327, 0.04220014121463715, -0.18521934083606725, -0.04100588738019097, 0.192306898380148] |
709.3632 | Quantum dynamics and entanglement of spins on a square lattice | Bulk magnetism in solids is fundamentally quantum mechanical in nature. Yet
in many situations, including our everyday encounters with magnetic materials,
quantum effects are masked, and it often suffices to think of magnetism in
terms of the interaction between classical dipole moments. Whereas this
intuition generally holds for ferromagnets, even as the size of the magnetic
moment is reduced to that of a single electron spin (the quantum limit), it
breaks down spectacularly for antiferromagnets, particularly in low dimensions.
Considerable theoretical and experimental progress has been made in
understanding quantum effects in one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets, but
a complete experimental description of even simple two-dimensional
antiferromagnets is lacking. Here we describe a comprehensive set of neutron
scattering measurements that reveal a non-spin-wave continuum and strong
quantum effects, suggesting entanglement of spins at short distances in the
simplest of all two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets, the square lattice
Heisenberg system.
| cond-mat.str-el | bulk magnetism in solids is fundamentally quantum mechanical in nature yet in many situations including our everyday encounters with magnetic materials quantum effects are masked and it often suffices to think of magnetism in terms of the interaction between classical dipole moments whereas this intuition generally holds for ferromagnets even as the size of the magnetic moment is reduced to that of a single electron spin the quantum limit it breaks down spectacularly for antiferromagnets particularly in low dimensions considerable theoretical and experimental progress has been made in understanding quantum effects in onedimensional quantum antiferromagnets but a complete experimental description of even simple twodimensional antiferromagnets is lacking here we describe a comprehensive set of neutron scattering measurements that reveal a nonspinwave continuum and strong quantum effects suggesting entanglement of spins at short distances in the simplest of all twodimensional quantum antiferromagnets the square lattice heisenberg system | [['bulk', 'magnetism', 'in', 'solids', 'is', 'fundamentally', 'quantum', 'mechanical', 'in', 'nature', 'yet', 'in', 'many', 'situations', 'including', 'our', 'everyday', 'encounters', 'with', 'magnetic', 'materials', 'quantum', 'effects', 'are', 'masked', 'and', 'it', 'often', 'suffices', 'to', 'think', 'of', 'magnetism', 'in', 'terms', 'of', 'the', 'interaction', 'between', 'classical', 'dipole', 'moments', 'whereas', 'this', 'intuition', 'generally', 'holds', 'for', 'ferromagnets', 'even', 'as', 'the', 'size', 'of', 'the', 'magnetic', 'moment', 'is', 'reduced', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'a', 'single', 'electron', 'spin', 'the', 'quantum', 'limit', 'it', 'breaks', 'down', 'spectacularly', 'for', 'antiferromagnets', 'particularly', 'in', 'low', 'dimensions', 'considerable', 'theoretical', 'and', 'experimental', 'progress', 'has', 'been', 'made', 'in', 'understanding', 'quantum', 'effects', 'in', 'onedimensional', 'quantum', 'antiferromagnets', 'but', 'a', 'complete', 'experimental', 'description', 'of', 'even', 'simple', 'twodimensional', 'antiferromagnets', 'is', 'lacking', 'here', 'we', 'describe', 'a', 'comprehensive', 'set', 'of', 'neutron', 'scattering', 'measurements', 'that', 'reveal', 'a', 'nonspinwave', 'continuum', 'and', 'strong', 'quantum', 'effects', 'suggesting', 'entanglement', 'of', 'spins', 'at', 'short', 'distances', 'in', 'the', 'simplest', 'of', 'all', 'twodimensional', 'quantum', 'antiferromagnets', 'the', 'square', 'lattice', 'heisenberg', 'system']] | [-0.13980070101578945, 0.21498882773107497, -0.03505408755856855, 0.08785191477709932, -0.050682855421548774, -0.14887397316894654, 0.03376801150594035, 0.36987137845877943, -0.2383263138379773, -0.2594348385737374, 0.036139705741039384, -0.3086767557366141, -0.14361414566218597, 0.22490363126171045, 0.006448958049817332, 0.04281478146219562, 0.01948463466050553, 0.0015628548499582143, -0.08365046765117361, -0.23308315304492336, 0.2261177875726797, 0.01023142248279704, 0.29777334917914766, 0.09943584394480648, 0.05944117415407352, 0.023536498239263893, 0.1183178627285464, 0.05767068017097511, -0.100746099885798, 0.08256319346235551, 0.27023643829482447, -0.054839874582429386, 0.2152712923699412, -0.5032521481529392, -0.24383933284030906, 0.05745222226491776, 0.1289717813961786, 0.21643983986036017, -0.054960395883897256, -0.2526038835611965, 0.020035548649471383, -0.14829829830098254, -0.14293157372559454, -0.14061992545451585, 0.03913377489701941, -0.04534978284661112, -0.21581857259353174, 0.10138538518342478, 0.1417475522816952, 0.13394535605249733, -0.020128512502936968, -0.085758537467537, 0.022861083841015553, 0.10597336371268691, 0.03872864802351928, 0.03553381553963469, 0.10307187833662691, -0.1644035214112654, -0.1592632947746536, 0.4450467536803977, 0.021412325818252205, -0.1399091136449113, 0.20338815986660533, -0.22507385528678525, -0.1427659215277125, 0.10449431022179538, 0.1267400837856634, 0.07578925077546517, -0.1410770586691797, 0.12005220958702105, -0.02717201969875344, 0.16516858515759192, -0.01938885806032039, 0.1296887515401789, 0.2904770347450314, 0.18486885782331228, 0.01967509530829908, 0.13042152783480185, -0.0806546616271652, -0.15321282837700484, -0.24264610822408877, -0.15529220454587506, -0.26341044268779584, 0.1327967967677476, -0.05948869031984439, -0.19966110880004947, 0.3323478495348887, 0.17225407781520988, 0.13347907857005967, -0.04948880889228192, 0.2741863972089928, 0.06372735123882664, 0.05244338389421845, 0.035519495958076984, 0.2919026059548146, 0.19094757938934168, 0.07989098146589922, -0.23506662177789056, 0.05127114778673597, 0.006992294343894926] |
709.3633 | The star pile in Abell 545 | Context:Struble (1988) found what appeared to be a cD halo without cD galaxy
in the center of the galaxy cluster Abell 545. This remarkable feature has been
passed almost unnoticed for nearly twenty years.
Aims:Our goal is to review Struble's claim by providing a first (preliminary)
photometric and spectroscopic analysis of this ''star pile''.
Methods:Based on archival VLT-images and long-slit spectra obtained with
Gemini-GMOS, we describe the photometric structure and measure the redshift of
the star pile and of the central galaxy.
Results:The star pile is indeed associated with Abell 545. Its velocity is
higher by about 1300 km/s than that of the central object. The spectra indicate
an old, presumably metal-rich population. Its brightness profile is much
shallower than that of typical cD-galaxies.
Conclusions:The formation history and the dynamical status of the star pile
remain elusive, until high S/N spectra and a dynamical analysis of the galaxy
cluster itself become available. We suggest that the star pile might provide an
interesting test of the Cold Dark Matter paradigm.
| astro-ph | contextstruble 1988 found what appeared to be a cd halo without cd galaxy in the center of the galaxy cluster abell 545 this remarkable feature has been passed almost unnoticed for nearly twenty years aimsour goal is to review strubles claim by providing a first preliminary photometric and spectroscopic analysis of this star pile methodsbased on archival vltimages and longslit spectra obtained with geminigmos we describe the photometric structure and measure the redshift of the star pile and of the central galaxy resultsthe star pile is indeed associated with abell 545 its velocity is higher by about 1300 kms than that of the central object the spectra indicate an old presumably metalrich population its brightness profile is much shallower than that of typical cdgalaxies conclusionsthe formation history and the dynamical status of the star pile remain elusive until high sn spectra and a dynamical analysis of the galaxy cluster itself become available we suggest that the star pile might provide an interesting test of the cold dark matter paradigm | [['contextstruble', '1988', 'found', 'what', 'appeared', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'cd', 'halo', 'without', 'cd', 'galaxy', 'in', 'the', 'center', 'of', 'the', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'abell', '545', 'this', 'remarkable', 'feature', 'has', 'been', 'passed', 'almost', 'unnoticed', 'for', 'nearly', 'twenty', 'years', 'aimsour', 'goal', 'is', 'to', 'review', 'strubles', 'claim', 'by', 'providing', 'a', 'first', 'preliminary', 'photometric', 'and', 'spectroscopic', 'analysis', 'of', 'this', 'star', 'pile', 'methodsbased', 'on', 'archival', 'vltimages', 'and', 'longslit', 'spectra', 'obtained', 'with', 'geminigmos', 'we', 'describe', 'the', 'photometric', 'structure', 'and', 'measure', 'the', 'redshift', 'of', 'the', 'star', 'pile', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'central', 'galaxy', 'resultsthe', 'star', 'pile', 'is', 'indeed', 'associated', 'with', 'abell', '545', 'its', 'velocity', 'is', 'higher', 'by', 'about', '1300', 'kms', 'than', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'central', 'object', 'the', 'spectra', 'indicate', 'an', 'old', 'presumably', 'metalrich', 'population', 'its', 'brightness', 'profile', 'is', 'much', 'shallower', 'than', 'that', 'of', 'typical', 'cdgalaxies', 'conclusionsthe', 'formation', 'history', 'and', 'the', 'dynamical', 'status', 'of', 'the', 'star', 'pile', 'remain', 'elusive', 'until', 'high', 'sn', 'spectra', 'and', 'a', 'dynamical', 'analysis', 'of', 'the', 'galaxy', 'cluster', 'itself', 'become', 'available', 'we', 'suggest', 'that', 'the', 'star', 'pile', 'might', 'provide', 'an', 'interesting', 'test', 'of', 'the', 'cold', 'dark', 'matter', 'paradigm']] | [-0.048913345575650656, 0.06305932330138692, -0.14799099167519272, 0.06944264698327837, -0.13811498939161893, -0.06592735649716881, 0.02673847093133301, 0.40609599601068513, -0.1683566690132976, -0.34374551199058573, 0.08393776332377456, -0.29959367361081557, -0.03627032473848042, 0.1831040230250304, -0.03807034963605607, -0.015684758306611556, 0.10012811723253236, -0.010258128870634941, -0.026509771718293648, -0.3107460154157995, 0.2736426242156928, 0.10994737150528036, 0.16333914344005923, -0.03710455980106461, 0.07619981228291602, -0.06770893142604065, -0.10220537347031938, -0.03223031367105716, -0.18066251304822445, 0.037734159166220485, 0.19818858619461335, 0.16393828831709603, 0.2555382857326327, -0.3384955463130254, -0.1981239472714639, 0.02932546202593097, 0.20924383174789865, 0.0716683326854098, -0.10464673008409148, -0.2955565130190424, 0.10324672874518977, -0.2185015354771167, -0.19634651341873063, 0.06867586778655717, 0.060954196286308236, -0.008886947376062958, -0.1457375709024945, 0.15260179948470579, 0.02998179113939575, 0.11799639202058088, -0.11580344359248468, -0.12633870035429803, -0.05676839336406485, 0.07824539878723644, -0.0014202588623980197, 0.09934064747322714, 0.17682962117591736, -0.14871163213080385, -0.010032093535722575, 0.4229425149061149, -0.034500422965055164, 0.0814564237598239, 0.2411511108029361, -0.2218188042184565, -0.19874605417206156, 0.11448520831990897, 0.12080067498950152, 0.07024289709168044, -0.1703411680479426, -0.012025422401720567, -0.06928547292737654, 0.22541005947490836, 0.07513278326808998, 0.03369252369547456, 0.3281450970524286, 0.13372797014123602, 0.05674581902624085, 0.10278851991425632, -0.20872349764693177, -0.043940554983791805, -0.18933131857548, -0.09218801218212763, -0.1364409905409713, 0.08376089132833862, -0.10208889053159864, -0.1170891060340559, 0.3555462138596695, 0.10456356811819871, 0.2324603015539895, 0.03303151981473514, 0.2707914029128804, 0.058486325620878035, 0.11698469095196143, 0.09342166166553818, 0.31317893491785337, 0.19298339160386382, 0.0749706818676758, -0.21530349724982842, 0.05938337063530415, -0.019612036835652116] |
709.3634 | Full calculation of clumpiness boost factors for antimatter cosmic rays
in the light of Lambda-CDM N-body simulation results | Anti-proton and positron Galactic cosmic ray spectra are among the key
targets for indirect detection of dark matter. The boost factors, corresponding
to an enhancement of the signal and linked to the clumpiness properties of the
dark matter distribution, have been taken as high as thousands in the past. The
dramatic impact of these boost factors for indirect detection of antiparticles,
for instance with the PAMELA satellite or the coming AMS-02 experiment, asks
for their detailed calculation. We take into account the results of high
resolution N-body dark matter simulations to calculate the most likely energy
dependent boost factors linked to the cosmic ray propagation properties, for
anti-protons and positrons. Starting from the mass and space distributions of
sub-halos, the anti-proton and positron propagators are used to calculate the
mean value and the variance of the boost factor for the primary fluxes. We take
advantage of the statistical method introduced in Lavalle et al. (2007) and
cross-check the results with Monte Carlo computations. By spanning some extreme
configurations of sub-halo and propagation properties, we find that the average
contribution of the clumps is negligible compared to that of the smooth dark
matter component. Sub-halos do not lead to enhancement of the signals, unless
they are taken with some extreme (unexpected) properties. This result is
independent of the nature of the self-annihilating dark matter candidate
considered, and provides precise estimates of the theoretical and the
statistical uncertainties of the antimatter flux from dark matter
substructures. Spectral distortions can still be expected in antimatter flux
measurements, but scenarios invoking large and even mild clumpiness boost
factors are strongly disfavoured by our analysis.
| astro-ph hep-ph | antiproton and positron galactic cosmic ray spectra are among the key targets for indirect detection of dark matter the boost factors corresponding to an enhancement of the signal and linked to the clumpiness properties of the dark matter distribution have been taken as high as thousands in the past the dramatic impact of these boost factors for indirect detection of antiparticles for instance with the pamela satellite or the coming ams02 experiment asks for their detailed calculation we take into account the results of high resolution nbody dark matter simulations to calculate the most likely energy dependent boost factors linked to the cosmic ray propagation properties for antiprotons and positrons starting from the mass and space distributions of subhalos the antiproton and positron propagators are used to calculate the mean value and the variance of the boost factor for the primary fluxes we take advantage of the statistical method introduced in lavalle et al 2007 and crosscheck the results with monte carlo computations by spanning some extreme configurations of subhalo and propagation properties we find that the average contribution of the clumps is negligible compared to that of the smooth dark matter component subhalos do not lead to enhancement of the signals unless they are taken with some extreme unexpected properties this result is independent of the nature of the selfannihilating dark matter candidate considered and provides precise estimates of the theoretical and the statistical uncertainties of the antimatter flux from dark matter substructures spectral distortions can still be expected in antimatter flux measurements but scenarios invoking large and even mild clumpiness boost factors are strongly disfavoured by our analysis | [['antiproton', 'and', 'positron', 'galactic', 'cosmic', 'ray', 'spectra', 'are', 'among', 'the', 'key', 'targets', 'for', 'indirect', 'detection', 'of', 'dark', 'matter', 'the', 'boost', 'factors', 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