"""
K-FAC Weight Editor

Applies K-FAC-based weight editing to suppress memorization by
removing low-curvature weight components.

Based on: "From Memorization to Reasoning in the Spectrum of Loss Curvature"
"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch import Tensor
from typing import Optional, Literal
from dataclasses import dataclass
import numpy as np


@dataclass
class EditConfig:
    """Configuration for K-FAC weight editing."""
    
    # Energy threshold: keep top k% of curvature mass
    energy_threshold: float = 0.6
    
    # Formula for computing importance
    # 'original': Π_ij = λ_i * μ_j
    # 'modified': Π_ij = λ_i * μ_j * |C_ij|²
    formula: Literal["original", "modified"] = "original"
    
    # Device for computation
    device: str = "cuda"
    
    # Whether to modify model in-place
    inplace: bool = True


class KFACEditor:
    """
    Edits model weights using K-FAC-based compression to suppress memorization.
    
    The editing procedure:
    1. Eigendecompose A and G matrices from K-FAC
    2. Transform weights to curvature basis: C = U_G^T @ W @ U_A
    3. Compute importance scores Π_ij for each component
    4. Select top components by cumulative energy threshold
    5. Reconstruct weights: W_edited = U_G @ (C ⊙ M) @ U_A^T
    
    The key insight is that high-curvature components (high Π) correspond
    to generalizing directions, while low-curvature components are used
    for memorization.
    """
    
    def __init__(
        self,
        model: nn.Module,
        kfac_stats: dict[str, tuple[Tensor, Tensor]],
        config: Optional[EditConfig] = None,
    ):
        """
        Initialize the editor.
        
        Args:
            model: The model to edit
            kfac_stats: Dictionary mapping layer names to (A, G) tuples
            config: Edit configuration
        """
        self.model = model
        self.kfac_stats = kfac_stats
        self.config = config or EditConfig()
        
        # Cache for eigendecompositions
        self._eigen_cache: dict[str, dict] = {}
        
        # Statistics about edits
        self.edit_stats: dict[str, dict] = {}
    
    def eigendecompose(
        self,
        A: Tensor,
        G: Tensor,
        regularization: float = 1e-6,
    ) -> dict:
        """
        Compute eigendecomposition of K-FAC factors.
        
        Args:
            A: Activation covariance matrix (d_in x d_in)
            G: Gradient covariance matrix (d_out x d_out)
            regularization: Small value added to diagonal for numerical stability
        
        Returns:
            Dictionary with eigenvalues and eigenvectors for both A and G
        """
        # Move to CPU for eigendecomposition (MPS doesn't support eigh)
        # Store original device/dtype to move back later
        original_device = A.device
        original_dtype = A.dtype
        
        # Convert to float32 on CPU for numerical stability in eigendecomposition
        A = A.to(device="cpu", dtype=torch.float32)
        G = G.to(device="cpu", dtype=torch.float32)
        
        # Ensure symmetric (should already be, but floating point...)
        A = (A + A.T) / 2
        G = (G + G.T) / 2
        
        # Add regularization
        A = A + regularization * torch.eye(A.shape[0], device=A.device, dtype=A.dtype)
        G = G + regularization * torch.eye(G.shape[0], device=G.device, dtype=G.dtype)
        
        # Eigendecomposition on CPU
        # Returns eigenvalues in ascending order, so we flip
        lambda_A, U_A = torch.linalg.eigh(A)
        lambda_G, U_G = torch.linalg.eigh(G)
        
        # Sort descending
        idx_A = torch.argsort(lambda_A, descending=True)
        idx_G = torch.argsort(lambda_G, descending=True)
        
        lambda_A = lambda_A[idx_A]
        U_A = U_A[:, idx_A]
        lambda_G = lambda_G[idx_G]
        U_G = U_G[:, idx_G]
        
        # Clamp negative eigenvalues (numerical issues)
        lambda_A = torch.clamp(lambda_A, min=0)
        lambda_G = torch.clamp(lambda_G, min=0)
        
        return {
            "lambda_A": lambda_A,  # (d_in,) - μ in paper notation
            "U_A": U_A,            # (d_in, d_in)
            "lambda_G": lambda_G,  # (d_out,) - λ in paper notation
            "U_G": U_G,            # (d_out, d_out)
        }
    
    def transform_to_curvature_basis(
        self,
        W: Tensor,
        U_A: Tensor,
        U_G: Tensor,
    ) -> Tensor:
        """
        Transform weights to curvature basis.
        
        C = U_G^T @ W @ U_A
        
        Each C_ij represents the component of W along the direction
        defined by the i-th gradient eigenvector and j-th activation eigenvector.
        """
        return U_G.T @ W @ U_A
    
    def compute_importance_original(
        self,
        lambda_A: Tensor,
        lambda_G: Tensor,
    ) -> Tensor:
        """
        Compute importance scores using the original formula.
        
        Π_ij = λ_i * μ_j
        
        This is the outer product of the eigenvalues.
        """
        # lambda_G: (d_out,) -> λ_i
        # lambda_A: (d_in,) -> μ_j
        # Result: (d_out, d_in)
        return torch.outer(lambda_G, lambda_A)
    
    def compute_importance_modified(
        self,
        lambda_A: Tensor,
        lambda_G: Tensor,
        C: Tensor,
    ) -> Tensor:
        """
        Compute importance scores using the modified formula.
        
        Π_ij = λ_i * μ_j * |C_ij|²
        
        This weights the curvature by the actual magnitude of the
        weight component in that direction.
        """
        # Base importance from eigenvalues
        Pi_base = torch.outer(lambda_G, lambda_A)
        
        # Weight by squared magnitude of transformed weights
        return Pi_base * (C ** 2)
    
    def compute_energy_mask(
        self,
        importance: Tensor,
        threshold: float,
    ) -> tuple[Tensor, dict]:
        """
        Compute binary mask keeping top components by cumulative energy.
        
        Args:
            importance: Importance scores (d_out, d_in)
            threshold: Fraction of total energy to retain (e.g., 0.6 = 60%)
        
        Returns:
            Tuple of (mask, statistics)
        """
        # Flatten and sort
        flat_importance = importance.flatten()
        total_energy = flat_importance.sum()
        
        # Sort descending
        sorted_vals, sorted_indices = torch.sort(flat_importance, descending=True)
        
        # Cumulative sum
        cumsum = torch.cumsum(sorted_vals, dim=0)
        
        # Find cutoff index
        target_energy = threshold * total_energy
        cutoff_idx = torch.searchsorted(cumsum, target_energy).item()
        cutoff_idx = max(1, min(cutoff_idx + 1, len(flat_importance)))  # At least 1, at most all
        
        # Create mask
        mask = torch.zeros_like(flat_importance, dtype=torch.bool)
        mask[sorted_indices[:cutoff_idx]] = True
        mask = mask.reshape(importance.shape)
        
        # Compute statistics
        n_kept = mask.sum().item()
        n_total = mask.numel()
        actual_energy = flat_importance[mask.flatten()].sum().item()
        
        stats = {
            "n_kept": n_kept,
            "n_total": n_total,
            "fraction_kept": n_kept / n_total,
            "energy_retained": actual_energy / total_energy.item() if total_energy > 0 else 0,
            "threshold": threshold,
        }
        
        return mask, stats
    
    def reconstruct_weights(
        self,
        C: Tensor,
        mask: Tensor,
        U_A: Tensor,
        U_G: Tensor,
    ) -> Tensor:
        """
        Reconstruct weights from masked curvature components.
        
        W_edited = U_G @ (C ⊙ M) @ U_A^T
        """
        C_masked = C * mask.float()
        return U_G @ C_masked @ U_A.T
    
    def _get_weight_matrix(self, layer_name: str) -> Tensor:
        """Get the weight matrix for a given layer name."""
        # Parse layer name (format: "layer_X.proj_name")
        parts = layer_name.split(".")
        layer_idx = int(parts[0].replace("layer_", ""))
        proj_name = parts[1]
        
        # Navigate model structure
        layers = None
        if hasattr(self.model, "model") and hasattr(self.model.model, "layers"):
            layers = self.model.model.layers
        elif hasattr(self.model, "transformer") and hasattr(self.model.transformer, "blocks"):
            layers = self.model.transformer.blocks
        elif hasattr(self.model, "layers"):
            layers = self.model.layers
        
        if layers is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Could not find layers in model")
        
        layer = layers[layer_idx]
        
        # Find MLP
        mlp = None
        if hasattr(layer, "mlp"):
            mlp = layer.mlp
        elif hasattr(layer, "feed_forward"):
            mlp = layer.feed_forward
        elif hasattr(layer, "ff"):
            mlp = layer.ff
        
        if mlp is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Could not find MLP in layer {layer_idx}")
        
        # Get projection
        proj = getattr(mlp, proj_name)
        return proj.weight
    
    def _set_weight_matrix(self, layer_name: str, new_weight: Tensor) -> None:
        """Set the weight matrix for a given layer name."""
        parts = layer_name.split(".")
        layer_idx = int(parts[0].replace("layer_", ""))
        proj_name = parts[1]
        
        layers = None
        if hasattr(self.model, "model") and hasattr(self.model.model, "layers"):
            layers = self.model.model.layers
        elif hasattr(self.model, "transformer") and hasattr(self.model.transformer, "blocks"):
            layers = self.model.transformer.blocks
        elif hasattr(self.model, "layers"):
            layers = self.model.layers
        
        layer = layers[layer_idx]
        
        mlp = None
        if hasattr(layer, "mlp"):
            mlp = layer.mlp
        elif hasattr(layer, "feed_forward"):
            mlp = layer.feed_forward
        elif hasattr(layer, "ff"):
            mlp = layer.ff
        
        proj = getattr(mlp, proj_name)
        proj.weight.data = new_weight
    
    def edit_layer(
        self,
        layer_name: str,
        energy_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
        formula: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> dict:
        """
        Apply K-FAC editing to a single layer.
        
        Args:
            layer_name: Name of the layer to edit (e.g., "layer_11.gate_proj")
            energy_threshold: Override config threshold
            formula: Override config formula
        
        Returns:
            Statistics about the edit
        """
        threshold = energy_threshold or self.config.energy_threshold
        edit_formula = formula or self.config.formula
        
        if layer_name not in self.kfac_stats:
            raise ValueError(f"No K-FAC statistics for layer {layer_name}")
        
        A, G = self.kfac_stats[layer_name]
        # Keep A and G on CPU - eigendecompose will use CPU for compatibility
        A = A.to(device="cpu", dtype=torch.float32)
        G = G.to(device="cpu", dtype=torch.float32)
        
        # Get eigendecomposition (cached) - all on CPU
        if layer_name not in self._eigen_cache:
            self._eigen_cache[layer_name] = self.eigendecompose(A, G)
        
        eigen = self._eigen_cache[layer_name]
        lambda_A = eigen["lambda_A"]
        lambda_G = eigen["lambda_G"]
        U_A = eigen["U_A"]
        U_G = eigen["U_G"]
        
        # Get current weights - move to CPU for matrix operations
        W_original = self._get_weight_matrix(layer_name)
        original_device = W_original.device
        original_dtype = W_original.dtype
        W = W_original.to(device="cpu", dtype=torch.float32)
        original_norm = torch.norm(W).item()
        
        # Transform to curvature basis (all on CPU)
        C = self.transform_to_curvature_basis(W, U_A, U_G)
        
        # Compute importance
        if edit_formula == "original":
            importance = self.compute_importance_original(lambda_A, lambda_G)
        elif edit_formula == "modified":
            importance = self.compute_importance_modified(lambda_A, lambda_G, C)
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown formula: {edit_formula}")
        
        # Get mask
        mask, mask_stats = self.compute_energy_mask(importance, threshold)
        
        # Reconstruct (on CPU)
        W_edited = self.reconstruct_weights(C, mask, U_A, U_G)
        edited_norm = torch.norm(W_edited).item()
        
        # Move back to original device/dtype
        W_edited = W_edited.to(device=original_device, dtype=original_dtype)
        
        # Apply edit
        if self.config.inplace:
            self._set_weight_matrix(layer_name, W_edited)
        
        # Compute statistics
        stats = {
            "layer_name": layer_name,
            "formula": edit_formula,
            "threshold": threshold,
            "original_norm": original_norm,
            "edited_norm": edited_norm,
            "norm_change": (edited_norm - original_norm) / original_norm if original_norm > 0 else 0,
            **mask_stats,
        }
        
        self.edit_stats[layer_name] = stats
        return stats
    
    def edit_model(
        self,
        layers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
        energy_threshold: Optional[float] = None,
        formula: Optional[str] = None,
        verbose: bool = True,
    ) -> dict:
        """
        Apply K-FAC editing to multiple layers.
        
        Args:
            layers: List of layer names to edit (default: all available)
            energy_threshold: Override config threshold
            formula: Override config formula
            verbose: Print progress
        
        Returns:
            Summary statistics
        """
        if layers is None:
            layers = list(self.kfac_stats.keys())
        
        if verbose:
            print(f"Editing {len(layers)} layers with {formula or self.config.formula} formula, "
                  f"{(energy_threshold or self.config.energy_threshold)*100:.0f}% energy threshold")
        
        all_stats = []
        for layer_name in layers:
            stats = self.edit_layer(layer_name, energy_threshold, formula)
            all_stats.append(stats)
            
            if verbose:
                print(f"  {layer_name}: kept {stats['fraction_kept']*100:.1f}% components, "
                      f"energy {stats['energy_retained']*100:.1f}%, "
                      f"norm change {stats['norm_change']*100:+.1f}%")
        
        # Summary
        summary = {
            "n_layers_edited": len(all_stats),
            "avg_fraction_kept": np.mean([s["fraction_kept"] for s in all_stats]),
            "avg_energy_retained": np.mean([s["energy_retained"] for s in all_stats]),
            "avg_norm_change": np.mean([s["norm_change"] for s in all_stats]),
            "layers": all_stats,
        }
        
        return summary
    
    def restore_original(self, layer_name: str) -> None:
        """
        Restore original weights for a layer.
        
        Note: This only works if we kept a copy of the original weights,
        which we don't by default. This method would need to be called
        before editing if restoration is desired.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "Original weight restoration not implemented. "
            "Reload the model to restore original weights."
        )


def compare_formulas(
    model: nn.Module,
    kfac_stats: dict[str, tuple[Tensor, Tensor]],
    test_fn,
    layers: Optional[list[str]] = None,
    energy_thresholds: list[float] = [0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8],
    device: str = "cuda",
) -> dict:
    """
    Compare original and modified formulas across different thresholds.
    
    Args:
        model: Model to edit (will be modified!)
        kfac_stats: K-FAC statistics
        test_fn: Function that takes model and returns metrics dict
        layers: Layers to edit
        energy_thresholds: List of thresholds to test
        device: Device for computation
    
    Returns:
        Results dictionary
    """
    import copy
    
    results = {
        "baseline": None,
        "original": {},
        "modified": {},
    }
    
    # Baseline (no editing)
    results["baseline"] = test_fn(model)
    print(f"Baseline: {results['baseline']}")
    
    # Save original state
    original_state = copy.deepcopy(model.state_dict())
    
    for formula in ["original", "modified"]:
        for threshold in energy_thresholds:
            # Restore original weights
            model.load_state_dict(original_state)
            
            # Apply edit
            config = EditConfig(
                energy_threshold=threshold,
                formula=formula,
                device=device,
            )
            editor = KFACEditor(model, kfac_stats, config)
            edit_stats = editor.edit_model(layers, verbose=False)
            
            # Test
            metrics = test_fn(model)
            metrics["edit_stats"] = edit_stats
            
            results[formula][threshold] = metrics
            print(f"{formula} @ {threshold*100:.0f}%: {metrics}")
    
    # Restore original
    model.load_state_dict(original_state)
    
    return results