MaterialFigBench_corrected2.json

[
  [
    "problem#",
    "problem_sentence",
    "answer_range_1",
    "answer_range_2",
    "image_file_1",
    "image_file_2",
    "image_file_3",
    "original_problem_#",
    "original_textbook"
  ],
  [
    1,
    "Answer the index in integer for the direction shown in green arrow in the figure of the uploaded EXA_3-6-a.png file.",
    "[1 2 0]",
    "-",
    "EXA_3-6-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.6",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    2,
    "Answer the index in integer for the direction shown in green arrow in the figure of the uploaded EXA_3-7-a.png file.",
    "[1 -1 0]",
    "-",
    "EXA_3-7-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.7",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    3,
    "Answer the directional index (four-index system) for the direction shown in blue arrow in the figure of the uploaded EXA_3-9.png file.",
    "[2 -4 2 3]",
    "-",
    "EXA_3-9.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.9",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    4,
    "Answer the Miller index for the plane shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_3-10-a.png file.",
    "(0 -1 2)",
    "-",
    "EXA_3-10-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.10",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    5,
    "Answer the Miller–Bravais index for the plane shown in the hexagonal unit cell shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_3-12.png file.",
    "(1 -1 0 1)",
    "-",
    "EXA_3-12.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 3.12",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    6,
    "What is the index for the direction indicated by the green vector in the figure of the uploaded 3-29-1.png file?",
    "[0 1 2]",
    "-",
    "3-29-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.29",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    7,
    "Answer the index for the direction indicated by the green vector in the figure of the uploaded 3-31-a.png file.",
    " [0 -1 -1] ",
    "-",
    "3-31-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.31(A)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    8,
    "Answer the index for the direction indicated by the green vector in the figure of the uploaded 3-31-c.png file.",
    "[1 1 2]",
    "-",
    "3-31-c.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.31(C)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    9,
    "Answer the index for the direction indicated by the green vector in the figure of the uploaded 3-32-b.png file.",
    "[2 -3 2] ",
    "-",
    "3-32-b.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.32(B)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    10,
    "Answer the index for the direction indicated by the green vector in the figure of the uploaded 3-32-d.png file.",
    "[1 3 -6] ",
    "-",
    "3-32-d.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.32(D)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    11,
    "Answer index for the direction indicated by the green vector in the figure of the uploaded 3-35-a.png file of hexagonal unit cell.",
    "[1 0 -1 1]",
    "-",
    "3-35-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.35(A)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    12,
    "Answer the Miller index for the plane shown in the figure of the uploaded 3-42-a.png file.",
    "(3 2 -2)",
    "-",
    "3-42-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.42(A)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    13,
    "Answer the Miller index for the plane shown in the figure of the uploaded 3-43-b.png file.",
    "(2 2 1)",
    "-",
    "3-43-b.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.43(B)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    14,
    "Answer the Miller index for the plane shown in the figure of the uploaded 3-50-b.png file of hexagonal unit cell.",
    "(1 0 -1 0)",
    "-",
    "3-50-b.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.50(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    15,
    "The figure of uploaded 3-64.png file shows an x-ray diffraction pattern for a hypothetical FCC metal taken using a diffractometer and monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm; each diffraction peak on the pattern has been indexed. Calculate the interplanar spacing for (110) plane. ",
    0.1934,
    "0.2104",
    "3-64.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.64",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    16,
    "The figure of uploaded 3-64.png file shows an x-ray diffraction pattern for a hypothetical FCC metal taken using a diffractometer and monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm; each diffraction peak on the pattern has been indexed. Calculate the lattice parameter of this metal from (110) peak.",
    0.2735,
    "0.29755",
    "3-64.png",
    null,
    null,
    "3.64",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    17,
    "Using the intercept method, determine the average grain size, in millimeters, of the specimen whose microstructure is shown in the uploaded 4-32.png file; use at least seven straight-line segments.",
    0.6,
    "0.7",
    "4-32.png",
    null,
    null,
    "4.32",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    18,
    "In the figure of the uploaded EXA_5-5.png file is shown a plot of the logarithm (to the base 10) of the diffusion coefficient versus reciprocal of absolute temperature, for the diffusion of metal-A in metal-B. Determine values for the activation energy Q [kJ/mol] and the preexponential D0 [m2/s]. Answer two values by connecting comma.",
    "185.7,  0.9*10^(-5- ",
    "198.5, 3.9*10^(-5)",
    "EXA_5-5.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 5.5",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    19,
    "From the tensile stress–strain behavior for the specimen shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_6-3.png file, determine the modulus of elasticity.",
    83,
    "94",
    "EXA_6-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 6.3(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    20,
    "From the tensile stress–strain behavior for the specimen shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_6-3.png file, determine the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002.",
    250,
    "-",
    "EXA_6-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 6.3(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    21,
    "From the tensile stress–strain behavior for the specimen shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_6-3.png file, determine the maximum load [N] that can be sustained by a cylindrical specimen having an original diameter of 12.8 mm.",
    57900,
    "-",
    "EXA_6-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 6.3(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    22,
    "From the tensile stress–strain behavior for the specimen shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_6-3.png file, determine the change in length of a specimen originally 250 mm long that is subjected to a tensile stress of 345 MPa.",
    13.75,
    "16.25",
    "EXA_6-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 6.3(d)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    23,
    "Consider a cylindrical specimen of a steel alloy 10.0 mm in diameter and 75 mm long, which shows stress–strain behavior indicated in the figure of uploaded 6-10.png file. Determine its elongation [mm] when the specimen is pulled in tension with a load of 20,000 N.",
    null,
    "0.0825-0.0975",
    "6-10.png",
    null,
    null,
    "6.10",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    24,
    "Calculate the modulus of resilience for the material having the stress–strain behavior shown in the figure of the uploaded 6-36.png file.",
    3.32,
    "3.73",
    "6-36.png",
    null,
    null,
    6.36,
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    25,
    "Estimate the Brinell (HB) and Rockwell (HRB) hardnesses for metal B using the figure of the uploaded 6-52.png file and the stress–strain behavior shown in the figure of uploaded 6-36.png file.",
    "120 HB, 80 HRB",
    "140 HB, 83HRB",
    "6-52.png",
    "6-36.png",
    null,
    "6.52",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    26,
    "Determine working stress [MPa]for the alloy that has the stress–strain behavior shown in the figure of the uploaded 6-57.png file. Use 2 for safety factor.",
    125,
    "-",
    "6-57.png",
    null,
    null,
    "6.57",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    27,
    "If it is assumed that the plot in the figure of the uploaded 7-25-1.png file is for noncold-worked metal B, determine the grain size (d [mm]) of the metal B referring the figures of the uploaded 7-25-2.png and 7-25-3.png files.",
    "6x10^-3",
    "8x10^-3",
    "7-25-1.png",
    "7-25-2.png",
    "7-25-3.png",
    "7.25",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    28,
    "From the figure of the uploaded 7-37.png file, calculate the length of time required for the average grain diameter to increase from 0.01 to 0.1 mm at 600 C for this material.",
    "126 min",
    "160 min",
    "7-37.png",
    null,
    null,
    "7.37",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    29,
    "Using the Larson–Miller data for a alloy shown in the figure of uploaded EXA_D8-2.png, predict the time [h] to rupture (tr) for a component that is subjected to a stress of 140 MPa at 1073 K.",
    188,
    "358",
    "EXA_D8-2.png",
    null,
    null,
    "DESIGN EXAMPLE 8.2",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    30,
    "A specimen 750 mm long of an alloy, whose relation between steady-state creep rate and  stress is given in the figure of the uploaded 8-28.png file, is to be exposed to a tensile stress of 80 MPa at 815 C. Determine its elongation after 5000 h. Assume that the total of both instantaneous and primary creep elongations is 1.5 mm.",
    "20.6 mm",
    "30 mm",
    "8-28.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.28",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    31,
    "If a component fabricated from an alloy, whose relation between steady-state creep rate and stress is given in the figure of the uploaded 8-30.png file, is to be exposed to a tensile stress of 300 MPa at 650 C, estimate its rupture lifetime.",
    "500 h",
    "700 h",
    "8-30.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.30",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    32,
    "Steady-state creep rate r is expressed by stress σ as r=K*σ^n, where K and n are material constants, Using the figure of the uploaded 8-32.png file, determine the value of the stress exponent n for the initial (i.e., lower temperature) straight line segments at 650 C.",
    11,
    "13.8",
    "8-32.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.32",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    33,
    "The temperature dependence of steady-state creep rate r is expressed as a function of stress σ, by r= M *σ^n * exp(-Q/RT), where M and n are material constants and Q is the activation energy for creep. Estimate the activation energy for creep Q for a alloy having the steady-state creep behavior shown in the figure of the uploaded 8-33.png file. Use data taken at a stress level of 300 MPa and temperatures of 650 C and 730 C. Assume that the stress exponent n is independent of temperature.",
    "440000 J/mol",
    "520000 J/mol",
    "8-33.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.33",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    34,
    "Consider an alloy having a behavior shown in the figure of the uploaded 8-D4.png file, that is subjected to a stress of 200 MPa. At what temperature [K] will the rupture lifetime be 500 h?",
    969,
    "1013",
    "8-D4.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.D4",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    35,
    "Consider an alloy having a behavior shown in the figure of the uploaded 8-D6.png file, that is exposed to a temperature of 500 C (773 K). What is the maximum allowable stress level [MPa] for a rupture lifetime of 5 years? ",
    220,
    "290",
    "8-D6.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.D6",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    36,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_9-2.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. For a 40 wt% MB–60 wt% MA alloy at 150 C, what phase(s) is (are) present?",
    "α,β",
    "-",
    "EXA_9-2.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 9.2(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    37,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_9-2.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. For a 40 wt% MB–60 wt% MA alloy at 150 C, what is (are) the composition(s) of the phase(s)?",
    "α:10 wt% MB, β:95 wt%MB",
    "α:12 wt% MB, β:98 wt%MB",
    "EXA_9-2.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 9.2(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    38,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_9-4.png file is a partial phase diagram for Fe-C system. For a 99.65 wt% Fe–0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectoid, determine the fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases.",
    "Wα= 0.95, W(Fe3C) = 0.049",
    "Wα= 0.951, W(Fe3C) = 0.05",
    "EXA_9-4.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 9.4",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    39,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-1.png file is a substance–water phase diagram. How much substance [g] will dissolve in 1500 g of water at 90 C?",
    4500,
    "5643",
    "9-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.1(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    40,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-1.png file is ta substance–water phase diagram. If the saturated liquid solution made by dissolving substance in 1500 g of water at 90 C is cooled to 20 C, some of the substance will precipitate out as a solid. What will be the composition of the saturated liquid solution (in wt% substance) at 20 C?",
    62,
    "65",
    "9-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.1(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    41,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-1.png file is a substance–water phase diagram. If the saturated liquid solution made by dissolving substance in 1500 g of water at 90 C is cooled to 20 C, some of the substance will precipitate out as a solid. How much of the solid substance [g] will come out of solution upon cooling to 20C?",
    1714,
    "3196",
    "9-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.1(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    42,
    "Consider a specimen of a material that is at -10 C and 1 atm pressure, whose pressure–temperature phase diagram is given in the figure of the uploaded 9-5.png file, determine the pressure [atm] to which the specimen must be raised or lowered to cause it to melt.",
    295,
    "490",
    "9-5.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.5",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    43,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-a.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phases that are present for 90 wt% MB–10 wt% MA at 400 C.",
    "ε+η",
    "-",
    "9-8-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    44,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-a.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phase compositions of the phases that are present for 90 wt% MB–10 wt% MA at 400 C.",
    "Cε = 85 wt% MB, Cη = 96 wt%MB ",
    "Cε = 88 wt% MB, Cη = 98 wt%MB ",
    "9-8-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    45,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-c.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phases that are present for 55 wt% MB–45 wt% MA at 900C.",
    "Liquid",
    "-",
    "9-8-c.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    46,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-c.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phase compositions of the phases that are present for 55 wt% MB–45 wt% MA at 900C.",
    "55 wt%MB",
    "-",
    "9-8-c.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    47,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-e.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phases that are present   for 2.12 kg MB – 1.88 kg MA at 500 C, where the molar mass of MA and MB is 63.55 and 65.39, respectively.",
    "β+γ",
    "-",
    "9-8-e.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(e)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    48,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-e.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phase compositions of the phases that are present for 2.12 kg MB – 1.88 kg MA at 500 C, where the molar mass of MA and MB is 63.55 and 65.39, respectively.",
    "Cβ 46 wt%MB, Cγ 55 wt%MB",
    "Cβ 49 wt%MB, Cγ 58 wt%MB",
    "9-8-e.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(e)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    49,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-g.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phases that are present for 8.2 mol MB – 4.3 mol MA at 1250 C, where the molar mass of MA and MB is 63.55 and 58.71, respectively.",
    "α",
    "-",
    "9-8-g.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(g)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    50,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-8-g.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Cite the phase compositions of the phases that are present for 8.2 mol MB – 4.3 mol MA at 1250 C, where the molar mass of MA and MB is 63.55 and 58.71, respectively.",
    "63.8 wt%MB",
    "-",
    "9-8-g.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.8(g)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    51,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-9.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Is it possible to have a MA–MB alloy that, at equilibrium, consists of a liquid phase of composition 20 wt% MB–80 wt% MA and also a phase of composition 37 wt% MB–63 wt% MA?",
    "Is not possible",
    "-",
    "9-9.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.9",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    52,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-12.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 50 wt% MB–50 wt% MA alloy is slowly cooled from 700 C to 400 C. At what temperature [C] does the first solid phase form?",
    550,
    "570",
    "9-12.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.12(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    53,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-12.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 50 wt% MB–50 wt% MA alloy is slowly cooled from 700 C to 400 C. What is the composition of the solid phase [ wt% MB- wt% MA] when the first solid phase forms?",
    "20wt% MB–80 wt% MA",
    "25wt% MB–75 wt% MA",
    "9-12.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.12(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    54,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-12.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 50 wt% MB–50 wt% MA alloy is slowly cooled from 700 C to 400 C. At what temperature [C] does the liquid solidify?",
    460,
    "480",
    "9-12.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.12(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    55,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-12.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 50 wt% MB–50 wt% MA alloy is slowly cooled from 700 C to 400 C. What is the composition [wt% MB- wt% MA] of the last remaining liquid phase?",
    "66 wt% MB–34 wt% MA",
    "68 wt% MB–32 wt% MA",
    "9-12.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.12(d)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    56,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-14-a.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases that are present for 90 wt% MB–10 wt% MA at 400 C.",
    "Wε＝0.615, Wη＝  0.385",
    "Wε＝0.75, Wη＝  0.25",
    "9-14-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.14(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    57,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-14-c.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases that are present for 55 wt% MB–45 wt% MA at 900C.",
    "WL = 1.0",
    "-",
    "9-14-c.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.14(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    58,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-14-e.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases that are present for 2.12 kg MB – 1.88 kg MA at 500 C, where the molar mass of MA and MB is 63.55 and 65.39, respectively.",
    "Wβ= 0.58, Wγ= 0.42 ",
    "Wβ= 0.67, Wγ= 0.33 ",
    "9-14-e.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.14(e)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    59,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-14-g.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Determine the relative amounts (in terms of mass fractions) of the phases that are present for 8.2 mol MB – 4.3 mol MA at 1250 C, where the molar mass of MA and MB is 63.55 and 58.71, respectively.",
    "Wα＝ 1.0",
    "-",
    "9-14-g.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.14(g)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    60,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-15.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 1.5-kg specimen of a 90 wt% MA–10 wt% MB alloy is heated to 250 C; at this temperature it is entirely an α-phase solid solution. The alloy is to be melted to the extent that 50% of the specimen is liquid, the remainder being the α phase. This may be accomplished either by heating the alloy or changing its composition while holding the temperature constant. To what temperature [C] must the specimen be heated?",
    255,
    "280",
    "9-15.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.15",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    61,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-18.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 30 wt% MB–70 wt% MA alloy is heated to a temperature within the α+liquid phase region. If the mass fraction of each phase is 0.5, estimate the temperature [C] of the alloy.",
    220,
    "240",
    "9-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.18(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    62,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-18.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. A 30 wt% MB–70 wt% MA alloy is heated to a temperature within the α+liquid phase region. If the mass fraction of each phase is 0.5, estimate the compositions [wt% MB] of the two phases.",
    "Cα= 15 wt%MB; CL = 41 wt%MB",
    "Cα= 17 wt%MB; CL = 44 wt%MB",
    "9-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.18(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    63,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-21.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Is it possible to have a MA–MB alloy of composition 50 wt% MB–50 wt% MA that, at equilibrium, consists of α and β phases having mass fractions Wα= 0.60 and Wβ = 0.40?",
    "Not possible",
    "-",
    "9-21.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.21",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    64,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-24-a.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Determine the relative amounts (in terms of volume fractions) of the phases for 90 wt% MB–10 wt% MA at 400C. The following table gives the approximate densities of the various metals at the alloy temperatures:\nMetal Temperature ( C) Density (g/cm3)\nMC 900 9.97\nMA 400 8.77\nMA 900 8.56\nMD 175 11.20\nME 175 7.22\nMB 400 6.83",
    "Vε= 0.69, Vη= 0.31",
    "Vε= 0.70, Vη= 0.30 ",
    "9-24-a.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.24(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    65,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-30.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. Is it possible to have a MA–MB alloy in which the mass fractions of primary β and total β are 0.68 and 0.925, respectively, at 775C? ",
    "Is possible",
    "-",
    "9-30.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.30",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    66,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-33.png file is a phase diagram for a hypothetical metal MA and MB. The microstructure of a MA–MB alloy at 180C consists of primary β and eutectic structures. If the mass fractions of these two microconstituents are 0.57 and 0.43, respectively, determine the composition of the alloy.",
    "82 wt%MB–18 wt% MA",
    "83 wt%MB–17 wt% MA",
    "9-33.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.33",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    67,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-45.png file shows the pressure–temperature phase diagram for a hypothetical material. Apply the Gibbs phase rule at the black point; that is, specify the number of degrees of freedom at the point—that is, the number of externally controllable variables that need be specified to completely define the system.",
    2,
    "-",
    "9-45.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.45:B",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    68,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-48.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. What is the concentration of X of an iron–X alloy for which the fraction of total ferrite is 0.94?",
    0.42268,
    "- ",
    "9-48.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.48",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    69,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-51.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt% X, cooled to below 727C. What is the proeutectoid phase?",
    "α-ferrite ",
    "-",
    "9-51.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.51(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    70,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-51.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt% X, cooled to below 727C. How many kilograms each of total ferrite and cementite form?",
    "2.26 kg of ferrite, 0.24 kg of Fe3C",
    "2.27 kg of ferrite, 0.23 kg of Fe3C",
    "9-51.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.51(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    71,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-51.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. Consider 2.5 kg of austenite containing 0.65 wt% X, cooled to below 727C. How many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form?",
    "0.37 kg of proeutectoid ferrite, 2.12 kg of pearlite",
    "0.38 kg of proeutectoid ferrite, 2.13 kg of pearlite",
    "9-51.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.51(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    72,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-53.png file is a partial phase diagram for iiron and hypothetical element X. The microstructure of an iron–X alloy consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite; the mass fractions of these two microconstituents are 0.286 and 0.714, respectively. Determine the concentration of X in this alloy.",
    0.55,
    "-",
    "9-53.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.53",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    73,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-55.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. The microstructure of an iron–X alloy consists of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite; the mass fractions of these microconstituents are 0.20 and 0.80, respectively. Determine the concentration of X in this alloy.",
    0.61,
    "- ",
    "9-55.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.55",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    74,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-58.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. Is it possible to have an iron–X alloy for which the mass fractions of total ferrite and proeutectoid cementite are 0.846 and 0.049, respectively?",
    "Is possible",
    "-",
    "9-58.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.58",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    75,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-61.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron and hypothetical element X. The mass fraction of eutectoid cementite in an iron–X alloy is 0.104. On the basis of this information, is it possible to determine the composition of the alloy? If so, what is its composition? If multiple compositions are possible, give all compositions.",
    "0.71, 1.08",
    "0.72, 1.12",
    "9-61.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.61",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    76,
    "Often, the properties of multiphase alloys may be approximated by the relationship E (alloy) = EαVα + EβVβ, where E represents a specific property (modulus of elasticity, hardness, etc.), and V is the volume fraction. The α and β denote the existing phases or microconstituents. Employ this relationship to determine the approximate Brinell hardness of a 99.80 wt% Fe–0.20 wt% C alloy. Assume Brinell hardnesses of 80 and 280 for ferrite and pearlite, respectively, and that volume fractions may be approximated by mass fractions. A partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system is given in the figure of the uploaded 9-64.png file.",
    127,
    "128",
    "9-64.png",
    null,
    null,
    "9.64",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    77,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-66-c.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system. Consider a steel alloy containing 93.8 wt% Fe, 6.0 wt% metal-N, and 0.2 wt% C, where metal-N is a hypothetical element. What is the approximate eutectoid temperature of this alloy? Refer to the figures of the uploaded 9-66-a.png and 9-66-b.png files, on which M, N, S, T and W represent different hypothetical element added.",
    "630 C",
    "650 C",
    "9-66-a.png",
    "9-66-b.png",
    "9-66-c.png",
    "9.66 (a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    78,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-66-c.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system. Consider a steel alloy containing 93.8 wt% Fe, 6.0 wt% metal-N, and 0.2 wt% C, where metal-N is a hypothetical element. What is the proeutectoid phase when this alloy is cooled to a temperature just below the eutectoid? Refer to the figures of the uploaded 9-66-a.png and 9-66-b.png files, on which M, N, S, T and W represent different hypothetical element added.",
    "ferrite",
    "-",
    "9-66-a.png",
    "9-66-b.png",
    "9-66-c.png",
    "9.66 (b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    79,
    "The figure of the uploaded 9-66-c.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system. Consider a steel alloy containing 93.8 wt% Fe, 6.0 wt% metal-N, and 0.2 wt% C, where metal-N is a hypothetical element. Compute the relative amounts of the proeutectoid phase and pearlite. Assume that there are no alterations in the positions of other phase boundaries with the addition of metal-N. Refer to the figures of the uploaded 9-66-a.png and 9-66-b.png files, on which M, N, S, T and W represent different hypothetical element added.",
    "Wα＝0.67, Wp = 0.33",
    "Wα＝0.69, Wp = 0.31",
    "9-66-a.png",
    "9-66-b.png",
    "9-66-c.png",
    "9.66 (c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    80,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_10-2-a.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system. Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (the figure of the uploaded EXA_10-2.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 350C, hold for 10^4 s, and quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure. ",
    "100% bainite ",
    "-",
    "EXA_10-2.png",
    "EXA_10-2-a.png",
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 10.2(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    81,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_10-2-a.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system. Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (the figure of the uploaded EXA_10-2.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 250C, hold for 100 s, and quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure. ",
    "100% martensite",
    "-",
    "EXA_10-2.png",
    "EXA_10-2-a.png",
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 10.2(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    82,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_10-2-a.png file is a partial phase diagram for iron–carbon system. Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (the figure of the uploaded EXA_10-2.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 650C, hold for 20 s, rapidly cool to 400C, hold for 10^3 s, and quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure. ",
    "50% pearlite and 50% bainite",
    "60% pearlite and 40% bainite",
    "EXA_10-2.png",
    "EXA_10-2-a.png",
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 10.2(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    83,
    "From the curves shown in the figure of the uploaded 10-11.png file and using the equation that the rate of recrystallization (r) is the reciprocal of time required for the transformation to proceed halfway to completion t(0.5), the rate of recrystallization for pure copper at the several temperatures can be determined. By making a plot of ln(rate) versus the reciprocal of temperature (in K^-1), the activation energy for this recrystallization can be determined. Then, by extrapolation, estimate the length of time required for 50% recrystallization at room temperature, 20 C.",
    "220 days",
    "290 days",
    "10-11.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.11(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    84,
    "Suppose that a steel of eutectoid composition is cooled to 550C from 760C in less than 0.5 s and held at this temperature. Estimate the hardness of the alloy that has completely transformed to pearlite. Refer to the figures of the uploaded 10-15-a.png, and 10-15-b.png files.",
    "250 HB",
    "275 HB",
    "10-15-a.png",
    "10-15-b.png",
    null,
    "10.15 (b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    85,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (figure of the uploaded 10-18.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages of each) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: cool rapidly to 700C, hold for 10^4 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    "50% coarse pearlite and 50% martensite",
    "-",
    "10-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.18(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    86,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (figure of the uploaded 10-18.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages of each) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: cool rapidly to 400C, hold for 2 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    "100% martensite",
    "-",
    "10-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.18(d)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    87,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (figure of the uploaded 10-18.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages of each) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: cool rapidly to 400C, hold for 20 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    "40% bainite and 60% martensite",
    "50% bainite and 50% martensite",
    "10-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.18(e)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    88,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition (figure of the uploaded 10-18.png file), specify the nature of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages of each) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 575C, hold for 20 s, rapidly cool to 350 C, hold for 100 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 760C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    "100% fine pearlite",
    "-",
    "10-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.18(g)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    89,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for a 0.45 wt% C steel alloy (figure of the uploaded 10-20.png file), determine the final microstructure (in terms of just the microconstituents present) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 250C, hold for 10^3 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 845C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    "martensite",
    "-",
    "10-20.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.20(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    90,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for a 0.45 wt% C steel alloy (figure of the uploaded 10-20.png file), determine the final microstructure (in terms of just the microconstituents present) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 400C, hold for 500 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 845C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    "bainite",
    "-",
    "10-20.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.20(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    91,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for a 0.45 wt% C steel alloy (figure of the uploaded 10-20.png file), determine the final microstructure (in terms of just the microconstituents present) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 650C, hold at this temperature for 3 s, rapidly cool to 400C, hold for 10 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 845C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    null,
    "-",
    "10-20.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.20(e)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    92,
    "Using the isothermal transformation diagram for a 0.45 wt% C steel alloy (figure of the uploaded 10-20.png file), determine the final microstructure (in terms of just the microconstituents present) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time–temperature treatment: rapidly cool to 625C, hold for 1 s, then quench to room temperature. Assume that the specimen begins at 845C and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure.",
    null,
    "-",
    "10-20.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.20(g)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    93,
    "Name the microstructural products of eutectoid iron–carbon alloy (0.76 wt% C) specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at 200C/s. Refer to the figure of the uploaded 10-23.png file.",
    "martensite",
    "-",
    "10-23.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.23",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    94,
    "Name the microstructural products of 4340 alloy steel specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at 10C/s. Refer to the figure of the uploaded 10-27.png file.",
    "martensite",
    "-",
    "10-27.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.27(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    95,
    "Name the microstructural products of 4340 alloy steel specimens that are first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at 0.1C/s. Refer to the figure of the uploaded 10-27.png file.",
    "martensite, proeutectoid ferrite, and bainite",
    "-",
    "10-27.png",
    null,
    null,
    "10.27(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    96,
    "Estimate the Rockwell hardnesses for specimens of an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition that have been subjected to the heat treatment: cool rapidly to 700C, hold for 10^4 s, then quench to room temperature, and then reheat to 700C for 20 h. Refer to the figures of the uploaded 10-36-a.png and 10-36-b.png files.",
    "170 HB (85 HRB)",
    "200 HB (93 HRB)",
    "10-36-a.png",
    "10-36-b.png",
    null,
    "10.36 (b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    97,
    "Estimate the Rockwell hardnesses for specimens of an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition that have been subjected to the heat treatment: rapidly cool to 575C,hold for  20 s, rapidly cool to 350C, hold for 100 s, then quench to room temperature. Refer to the figures of the uploaded 10-36-a.png and 10-36-b.png files.",
    "250 HB (25 HRC)",
    "270 HB (28 HRC)",
    "10-36-a.png",
    "10-36-b.png",
    null,
    "10.36 (g)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    98,
    "Determine the approximate tensile strengths for specimens of a eutectoid iron–carbon alloy that have experienced the heat treatment: first completely transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at 20 C/s. Refer to the figures of the uploaded 10-38-a.png and 10-38-b.png files.",
    "890 MPa",
    "920 MPa",
    "10-38-a.png",
    "10-38-b.png",
    null,
    "10.38 (c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    99,
    "For a eutectoid steel, describe isothermal heat treatments that would be required to yield specimens having the Rockwell hardness of 93 HRB. Refer to the figures of the uploaded 10-39-a.png and 10-39-b.png files.",
    "Rapidly cool to about 660 C, hold for at least 200 s, then cool to room temperature",
    "Rapidly cool to about 670 C, hold for at least 500 s, then cool to room temperature",
    "10-39-a.png",
    "10-39-b.png",
    null,
    "10.39 (a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    100,
    "Is it possible to produce an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition that has a minimum hardness of 90 HRB and a minimum ductility of 35%RA? Refer to the figures of the uploaded D10-1-a.png and D10-1-b.png files.",
    "Not possible",
    "-",
    "D10-1-a.png",
    "D10-1-b.png",
    null,
    "10.D1",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    101,
    "An alloy steel (4340) is to be used in an application requiring a minimum tensile strength of 1380 MPa (200,000 psi) and a minimum ductility of 43%RA. Oil quenching followed by tempering is to be used. Briefly describe the tempering heat treatment. Refer to the figures of the uploaded D10-5-a.png and D10-5-b.png files.",
    "Temper at 400 C for 1 h",
    "Temper at 450 C for 2 h",
    "D10-5-a.png",
    "D10-5-b.png",
    null,
    "10.D5",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    102,
    "Give the approximate minimum temperature at which it is possible to austenitize 0.20 wt% C iron–carbon alloys during a normalizing heat treatment. Refer to the figure of the uploaded 11-21.png file.",
    "900 C",
    "910 C",
    "11-21.png",
    null,
    null,
    "11.21(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    103,
    "A cylindrical piece of 4140 steel is to be austenitized and quenched in moderately agitated oil. If the microstructure is to consist of at least 50% martensite throughout the entire piece, what is the maximum allowable diameter? Refer to the figures of the uploaded D11-10-a.png and D11-10-b.png files.",
    "82 mm",
    "87 mm",
    "D11-10-a.png",
    "D11-10-b.png",
    null,
    "11.D10",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    104,
    "A cylindrical piece of 8640 steel is to be austenitized and quenched in moderately agitated oil. If the hardness at the surface of the piece must be at least 49 HRC, what is the maximum allowable diameter? Refer to the figures of the uploaded D11-11-a.png and D11-11-b.png files.",
    "70 mm",
    "80 mm",
    "D11-11-a.png",
    "D11-11-b.png",
    null,
    "11.D11",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    105,
    "A solution heat-treated 2014 aluminum alloy is to be precipitation hardened to have a minimum tensile strength of 450 MPa and a ductility of at least 15%EL. Specify a practical precipitation heat treatment in terms of temperature and time that would give these mechanical characteristics. Refer to the figures of the uploaded D11-15.png file.",
    "Heat at 149 C for 3 h ",
    "Heat at 149 C for 10 h ",
    "D11-15.png",
    null,
    null,
    "11.D15",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    106,
    "The figure of the uploaded 13-4.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical AO–B2O3 oxide material. Find the maximum temperature to which a spinel-bonded B2O3 material of composition 95 wt% B2O3–5 wt% AO may be heated before a liquid phase will appear.",
    "2000 C",
    "2020 C",
    "13-4.png",
    null,
    null,
    "13.4",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    107,
    "The figure of the uploaded 13-6.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical AO2–B2O3 oxide material. Calculate the mass fractions of liquid in the 6 wt% B2O3–94 wt% AO2 at 1600 C.",
    0.73,
    "0.86",
    "13-6.png",
    null,
    null,
    "13.6(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    108,
    "The figure of the uploaded 13-6.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical AO2–B2O3 oxide material. Calculate the mass fractions of liquid in the 30 wt% B2O3–70 wt% AO2 at 1600 C.",
    0.656,
    "0.675",
    "13-6.png",
    null,
    null,
    "13.6(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    109,
    "The figure of the uploaded 13-7.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical AO–B2O3 oxide material. What is the maximum temperature that is possible without the formation of a liquid phase? At what composition or over what range of compositions will this maximum temperature be achieved? Answer the above two questions with connecting by comma.",
    "2780 C",
    "2810 C",
    "13-7.png",
    null,
    null,
    "13.7(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    110,
    "Assume that the molecular weight distributions shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_14-1.png file are for a hypothetical polymer, where the molecular weight of the repeat unit is 62.50 g/mol. For this material, compute the number-average molecular weight.",
    "20500 g/mol",
    "21,500 g/mol",
    "EXA_14-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 14.1(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    111,
    "Assume that the molecular weight distributions shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_14-1.png file are for a hypothetical polymer, where the molecular weight of the repeat unit is 62.50 g/mol. For this material, compute the degree of polymerization.",
    328,
    "344",
    "EXA_14-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 14.1(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    112,
    "Assume that the molecular weight distributions shown in the figure of the uploaded EXA_14-1.png file are for a hypothetical polymer, where the molecular weight of the repeat unit is 62.50 g/mol. For this material, compute the weight-average molecular weight.",
    "22900 g/mol",
    "23,500 g/mol",
    "EXA_14-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 14.1(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    113,
    "To high-purity semiconductor is added 10^23 m-3 donor impurity atoms. Asuume within the extrinsic temperature region. The figure of the uploaded EXA_18-3-a.png file is the dependence of room-temperature electron and hole mobilities on dopant concentration. The figure of the uploaded EXA_18-3-b.png file is the temperature dependence of electron mobility for the semiconductor that has been doped with various concentrations. Calculate the room-temperature electrical conductivity of this material.",
    "800 (Ωm)^-1",
    "1280 (Ωm)^-1",
    "EXA_18-3-a.png",
    "EXA_18-3-b.png",
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 18.3(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    114,
    "To high-purity semiconductor is added 10^23 m-3 donor impurity atoms. Asuume within the extrinsic temperature region. The figure of the uploaded EXA_18-3-a.png file is the dependence of room-temperature electron and hole mobilities on dopant concentration. The figure of the uploaded EXA_18-3-b.png file is the temperature dependence of electron mobility for the semiconductor that has been doped with various concentrations. Compute the conductivity at 100 C (373 K).",
    "480 (Ωm)^-1",
    "800  (Ωm)^-1",
    "EXA_18-3-a.png",
    "EXA_18-3-b.png",
    null,
    "EXAMPLE PROBLEM 18.3(c)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    115,
    "The figure of the uploaded EXA_D18-1.png file is the dependence of room-temperature electron and hole mobilities on dopant concentration for an extrinsic p-type semiconductor material. The semiconductor is desired having a room-temperature conductivity of 50 (Ωm)^-1. Specify the concentration of an acceptor impurity in atom percent to yield these electrical characteristics. ",
    "6.0x10^-6",
    "1.6x10^-5",
    "EXA_D18-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "DESIGN EXAMPLE 18.1",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    116,
    "Using the data in the figure of the uploaded 18-14.png file, determine the values of ρ0 and a from electrical resistivity ρ = ρ 0 + a*T for pure copper. Take the temperature T to be in degrees Celsius.",
    "ρ0 = 1.3 x 10^-8 Ω m, a = 7.4 10^-11 (Ωm)/ C",
    "ρ0 = 1.7 x 10^-8 Ω m, a = 6.9 x 10^-11 (Ωm)/ C",
    "18-14.png",
    null,
    null,
    "18.14(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    117,
    "The impurity resistivity ρi is related to the impurity concentration ci in terms of the atom fraction (at%/100) by the equation  ρi=   A*ci*(1-ci), where A is a composition-independent constant. Determine the value of A for nickel as an impurity in copper, using the figure of the uploaded 18-14.png file.",
    "1.1 x 10^-6 Ω m",
    "1.4 x 10^-6 Ω m",
    "18-14.png",
    null,
    null,
    "18.14(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    118,
    "Using the data in the figure of the uploaded 18-18.png file, determine the number of free electrons per atom for intrinsic silicon at room temperature (298 K). The density for Si is 2.33 g/cm3.",
    "4x10^-13",
    "1x10^-12",
    "18-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "18.18(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    119,
    "Using the data in the figure of the uploaded 18-18.png file, determine the number of free electrons per atom for intrinsic germanium at room temperature (298 K). The density for Ge is 5.32 g/cm3.",
    "4.5x10^-10",
    "1.36x10^-9",
    "18-18.png",
    null,
    null,
    "18.18(a)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    120,
    "Using information contained in the figures of the uploaded D18-2-a.png and D18-2-b.png files, determine the electrical conductivity of an 80 wt% Cu–20 wt% MA alloy at -150 C, where MA is a hypothetical metal.",
    "2.38x10^7",
    "2.63x10^7",
    "D18-2-a.png",
    "D18-2-b.png",
    null,
    "18.D2",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    121,
    "Is it possible to alloy copper with nickel to achieve a minimum tensile strength of 375 MPa (54,400 psi) and yet maintain an electrical conductivity of 2.5 x 10^6 (Ωm)^1? If not, why? If so, what concentration of nickel is required? Refer to the figures of the uploaded D18-3-a.png and D18-3-b.png files.",
    "Is possible; 30 wt% < CNi <32.5 wt%",
    "-",
    "D18-3-a.png",
    "D18-3-b.png",
    null,
    "18.D3",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    122,
    "A bar of an iron–MA alloy (MA is a hypothetical metal) having the B–H behavior shown in the figure of the uploaded 20-21.png file is inserted within a coil of wire 0.20 m long and having 60 turns, through which passes a current of 0.1 A. At the magnetic field within this bar, what is the permeability and the susceptibility?",
    "0.9x10^-2, 7000",
    "1.3x10^-2, 10500",
    "20-21.png",
    null,
    null,
    "20.21(b)",
    "Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (2010)"
  ],
  [
    123,
    "Give the amounts of the liquid and solid (α) phases (in percent) which are present when a Cu–28 mass % Ni alloy is very slowly cooled to a temperature corresponding to the line #2 in the figure of the uploaded B5-1.png file.",
    "Liquid: 53%, Solid: 47%",
    "Liquid: 60%, Solid: 40%",
    "B5-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.1",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    124,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-3.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. State the maximal solubility of MB in MA and the temperature this maximal solubility occurs.",
    "8.8 wt % MB in MA at 780°C ",
    "-",
    "B5-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.3(a)",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    125,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-3.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. State the maximal solubility of MA in MB and the temperature this maximal solubility occurs.",
    "8.0 wt % MA in MB at 780°C",
    "-",
    "B5-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.3(b)",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    126,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-4.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. What is the approximate solubility of MB in MA at room temperature?",
    "0 wt % MB",
    "1 wt % MB",
    "B5-4.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.4",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    127,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-5.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. Give the phases present and their compositions for an MA–5 mass % MB alloy at 400°C.",
    "α+θ, Cα= 2 wt % MB, Cθ= 52 wt % MB",
    "α+θ, Cα= 3 wt % MB, Cθ= 53 wt % MB",
    "B5-5.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.5",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    128,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-6.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. To what temperature does an MA–10 mass % MB alloy have to be heated so that 50% of the sample is liquid?",
    "840°C",
    "860°C",
    "B5-6.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.6",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    129,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-7.png file is a partial phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. Does a MA–MB binary alloy exist whose solid phase at equilibrium contains 36 mass % MB and whose liquid phase contains 20 mass % MB?",
    "No",
    "-",
    "B5-7.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.7",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    130,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-8.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. A MA–20 wt % MB alloy is slowly heated from room temperature. State the temperature at which a liquid phase starts to form.",
    "780°C",
    "-",
    "B5-8.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.8(a)",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    131,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-8.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. A MA–20 wt % MB alloy is slowly heated from room temperature. State the composition of this liquid phase.",
    "MA–28.1 wt % MB",
    "-",
    "B5-8.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.8(b)",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    132,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-8.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. A MA–20 wt % MB alloy is slowly heated from room temperature. At which temperature is the alloy completely liquefied?",
    "795°C",
    "840°C",
    "B5-8.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.8(c)",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    133,
    "The figure of the uploaded B5-8.png file is a phase diagram of hypothetical MA-MB alloy. A MA–20 wt % MB alloy is slowly heated from room temperature. Give the composition of the solid just before complete melting has occurred.",
    "5 wt % MB",
    "7wt % MB",
    "B5-8.png",
    null,
    null,
    "5.8(d)",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    134,
    "The figure of the uploaded B8-1.png file is a phase diagram of iron-carbon alloy. Give the amount of austenite and cementite (in percent) which are in a solid eutectic iron–carbon alloy at the eutectic temperature.",
    "γ(austenite) 52%; Fe3C (cementite) 48%",
    "γ(austenite) 54%; Fe3C (cementite) 46%: ",
    "B8-1.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.1",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    135,
    "The figure of the uploaded B8-3.png file is a partial phase diagram of iron-carbon alloy. A steel having a carbon concentration of 0.65% contains, when cooled from austenite, certain amounts of primary ferrite and pearlite. Calculate the amounts (in percent) of these two microconstituents at the eutectoid temperature.",
    "Pearlite: 85.0%, Primary α : 15.0%",
    "Pearlite: 85.1%, Primary α : 14.90%",
    "B8-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.3",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    136,
    "The figure of the uploaded B8-3.png file is a partial phase diagram of iron-carbon alloy. A steel having a carbon concentration of 0.65% contains, when cooled from austenite, certain amounts of primary ferrite and pearlite. What are the carbon contents of these two microconstituents?",
    "pearl=0.76 wt%C, ferrite=0.022 wt%C",
    "-",
    "B8-3.png",
    null,
    null,
    "8.3",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ],
  [
    137,
    "In the figure of the uploaded B11-7.png file, σ is plotted as a function of the reciprocal temperature for an intrinsic semiconductor. Calculate the gap energy.",
    "0.39 eV",
    "0.45 eV",
    "B11-7.png",
    null,
    null,
    "11.7",
    "Understanding Materials Science (2004)"
  ]
]