File size: 20,480 Bytes
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
671fee6
3ce7ca8
 
 
92f3bb0
 
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
671fee6
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
d8ab963
 
 
 
 
 
671fee6
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
92f3bb0
3ce7ca8
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
92f3bb0
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
d8ab963
3ce7ca8
d8ab963
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
d8ab963
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
d8ab963
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
d8ab963
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3ce7ca8
6b9e2b4
 
 
 
d8ab963
 
 
 
 
 
6b9e2b4
3ce7ca8
 
 
 
92f3bb0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
671fee6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
---
language:
- en
license: cc0-1.0
task_categories:
- feature-extraction
- text-classification
- question-answering
pretty_name: OpenAlex - Complete Academic Research Database
size_categories:
- 100M<n<1B
source_datasets:
- openalex
tags:
- academic
- research
- scholarly
- citations
- science
- open-access
- parquet
- bibliometrics
- scientometrics
dataset_info:
- config_name: topics
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name
    dtype: string
  - name: description
    dtype: string
  - name: keywords
    dtype: string
  - name: subfield_id
    dtype: string
  - name: subfield_name
    dtype: string
  - name: field_id
    dtype: string
  - name: field_name
    dtype: string
  - name: domain_id
    dtype: string
  - name: domain_name
    dtype: string
  - name: siblings
    dtype: string
  - name: works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
- config_name: publishers
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name
    dtype: string
  - name: alternate_titles
    dtype: string
  - name: hierarchy_level
    dtype: int32
  - name: parent_publisher
    dtype: string
  - name: country_codes
    dtype: string
  - name: homepage_url
    dtype: string
  - name: works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: h_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: i10_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: lineage
    dtype: string
  - name: roles
    dtype: string
  - name: counts_by_year
    dtype: string
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
- config_name: funders
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name
    dtype: string
  - name: alternate_titles
    dtype: string
  - name: country_code
    dtype: string
  - name: description
    dtype: string
  - name: homepage_url
    dtype: string
  - name: works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: awards_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: h_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: i10_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: roles
    dtype: string
  - name: counts_by_year
    dtype: string
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
- config_name: sources
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: issn_l
    dtype: string
  - name: issn
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name
    dtype: string
  - name: type
    dtype: string
  - name: host_organization
    dtype: string
  - name: host_organization_name
    dtype: string
  - name: works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: is_oa
    dtype: bool
  - name: is_in_doaj
    dtype: bool
  - name: is_core
    dtype: bool
  - name: homepage_url
    dtype: string
  - name: country_code
    dtype: string
  - name: h_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: i10_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: apc_usd
    dtype: int32
  - name: alternate_titles
    dtype: string
  - name: topics
    dtype: string
  - name: counts_by_year
    dtype: string
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
- config_name: institutions
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: ror
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name
    dtype: string
  - name: type
    dtype: string
  - name: country_code
    dtype: string
  - name: homepage_url
    dtype: string
  - name: image_url
    dtype: string
  - name: works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: h_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: i10_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: geo_city
    dtype: string
  - name: geo_region
    dtype: string
  - name: geo_country
    dtype: string
  - name: geo_latitude
    dtype: float64
  - name: geo_longitude
    dtype: float64
  - name: associated_institutions
    dtype: string
  - name: lineage
    dtype: string
  - name: topics
    dtype: string
  - name: counts_by_year
    dtype: string
  - name: roles
    dtype: string
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
- config_name: authors
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: orcid
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name
    dtype: string
  - name: display_name_alternatives
    dtype: string
  - name: works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: h_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: i10_index
    dtype: int32
  - name: two_yr_mean_citedness
    dtype: float64
  - name: affiliations
    dtype: string
  - name: last_known_institutions
    dtype: string
  - name: topics
    dtype: string
  - name: topic_share
    dtype: string
  - name: counts_by_year
    dtype: string
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
- config_name: works
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: doi
    dtype: string
  - name: title
    dtype: string
  - name: publication_year
    dtype: int32
  - name: publication_date
    dtype: string
  - name: type
    dtype: string
  - name: language
    dtype: string
  - name: is_retracted
    dtype: bool
  - name: is_paratext
    dtype: bool
  - name: cited_by_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: fwci
    dtype: float64
  - name: referenced_works_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: authors_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: locations_count
    dtype: int32
  - name: is_oa
    dtype: bool
  - name: oa_status
    dtype: string
  - name: oa_url
    dtype: string
  - name: primary_location
    dtype: string
  - name: best_oa_location
    dtype: string
  - name: locations
    dtype: string
  - name: authorships
    dtype: string
  - name: biblio_volume
    dtype: string
  - name: biblio_issue
    dtype: string
  - name: biblio_first_page
    dtype: string
  - name: biblio_last_page
    dtype: string
  - name: primary_topic
    dtype: string
  - name: topics
    dtype: string
  - name: keywords
    dtype: string
  - name: referenced_works
    dtype: string
  - name: related_works
    dtype: string
  - name: abstract_inverted_index
    dtype: string
  - name: ids
    dtype: string
  - name: counts_by_year
    dtype: string
  - name: sustainable_development_goals
    dtype: string
  - name: indexed_in
    dtype: string
  - name: created_date
    dtype: string
  - name: updated_date
    dtype: string
configs:
- config_name: topics
  data_files: "data/topics/*.parquet"
- config_name: publishers
  data_files: "data/publishers/*.parquet"
- config_name: funders
  data_files: "data/funders/*.parquet"
- config_name: sources
  data_files: "data/sources/*.parquet"
- config_name: institutions
  data_files: "data/institutions/*.parquet"
- config_name: authors
  data_files: "data/authors/*.parquet"
- config_name: works
  data_files: "data/works/*.parquet"
---

# OpenAlex: Complete Academic Research Database

The world's scholarly research catalog, converted to analysis-ready Parquet. 114.1M records across 7 entity types.

## Table of Contents

- [What is this?](#what-is-this)
- [Quick start](#quick-start)
- [Entity overview](#entity-overview)
- [How entities connect](#how-entities-connect)
- [Schema reference](#schema-reference)
- [Working with abstracts](#working-with-abstracts)
- [Pipeline details](#pipeline-details)
- [Things to know](#things-to-know)
- [Attribution](#attribution)

## What is this?

[OpenAlex](https://openalex.org) is a free, open catalog of the global research system: papers, authors, institutions, journals, topics, publishers, and funders. It's maintained by [OurResearch](https://ourresearch.org/) as the open replacement for the discontinued Microsoft Academic Graph. The index currently covers over 250 million scholarly works with full citation networks, authorship chains, institutional affiliations, and topic classifications.

This dataset is a straight conversion of the [OpenAlex snapshot](https://docs.openalex.org/download-all-data/openalex-snapshot) (2026-04) from gzipped JSON Lines into sharded, ZSTD-compressed Parquet. **114.1M total records** split into files of up to 1 million rows each. You can query it directly with DuckDB (no download needed), stream it with the `datasets` library, or pull specific entities with `huggingface_hub`.

### File layout

```
data/
  works/
    works-00000.parquet      scholarly works (~1M rows each)
    works-00001.parquet
    ...
  authors/
    authors-00000.parquet    researchers and their metrics
    ...
  sources/
    sources-00000.parquet    journals, repositories, conferences
  institutions/
    institutions-00000.parquet  universities, labs, companies
  topics/
    topics-00000.parquet     research topic taxonomy
  publishers/
    publishers-00000.parquet academic publishers
  funders/
    funders-00000.parquet    funding organizations
```

Nested fields (authorships, locations, topics, etc.) are stored as JSON strings. Use `json_extract()` in DuckDB or `json.loads()` in Python to work with them.

## Quick start

### DuckDB (no download required)

DuckDB can read Parquet files directly from Hugging Face. This is the fastest way to explore:

```sql
-- Most-cited works of all time
SELECT id, title, publication_year, cited_by_count, doi, oa_status
FROM 'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/works/*.parquet'
WHERE cited_by_count > 1000
ORDER BY cited_by_count DESC
LIMIT 20;
```

```sql
-- Top authors by h-index
SELECT id, display_name, h_index, i10_index, works_count, cited_by_count
FROM 'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/authors/*.parquet'
ORDER BY h_index DESC
LIMIT 20;
```

```sql
-- Open access rates by year
SELECT publication_year,
       COUNT(*) as total,
       SUM(CASE WHEN is_oa THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as oa_count,
       ROUND(100.0 * SUM(CASE WHEN is_oa THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(*), 1) as oa_pct
FROM 'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/works/*.parquet'
WHERE publication_year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2025
GROUP BY publication_year
ORDER BY publication_year;
```

```sql
-- Top institutions in a country
SELECT display_name, type, geo_city, works_count, cited_by_count, h_index
FROM 'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/institutions/*.parquet'
WHERE country_code = 'US'
ORDER BY works_count DESC
LIMIT 20;
```

```sql
-- Extract author affiliations from nested JSON
SELECT id, display_name,
       json_extract_string(last_known_institutions, '$[0].display_name') as institution,
       json_extract_string(last_known_institutions, '$[0].country_code') as country
FROM 'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/authors/*.parquet'
WHERE last_known_institutions IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY h_index DESC
LIMIT 20;
```

```sql
-- Join works to their first author
SELECT w.title, w.publication_year, w.cited_by_count, a.display_name, a.h_index
FROM 'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/works/*.parquet' w,
     'hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/authors/*.parquet' a
WHERE w.cited_by_count > 5000
  AND a.id = json_extract_string(w.authorships, '$[0].author.id')
ORDER BY w.cited_by_count DESC
LIMIT 20;
```

```sql
-- Citation distribution percentiles
SELECT
    percentile_disc(0.50) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cited_by_count) AS p50,
    percentile_disc(0.90) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cited_by_count) AS p90,
    percentile_disc(0.99) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cited_by_count) AS p99,
    AVG(cited_by_count) AS mean
FROM read_parquet('hf://datasets/open-index/open-alex/data/works/*.parquet');
```

### Python (datasets library)

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# Stream works without downloading everything
ds = load_dataset("open-index/open-alex", "works", split="train", streaming=True)
for work in ds:
    print(work["id"], work["title"], work["cited_by_count"])

# Load smaller entities into memory
authors = load_dataset("open-index/open-alex", "authors", split="train")
topics = load_dataset("open-index/open-alex", "topics", split="train")
```

### Downloading specific entities

```python
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download

# Just the small entities (~500 MB total)
snapshot_download(
    "open-index/open-alex",
    repo_type="dataset",
    local_dir="./openalex/",
    allow_patterns=["data/topics/*", "data/publishers/*", "data/funders/*",
                     "data/sources/*", "data/institutions/*"],
)

# For faster downloads:
# pip install huggingface_hub[hf_transfer]
# HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1
```

## Entity overview

| Entity | Records | What's in it |
|---|---|---|
| **Topics** | 4.5K | Research topics with hierarchical classification (domain → field → subfield → topic) |
| **Publishers** | 10.7K | Academic publishers with hierarchy levels and country information |
| **Funders** | 32.4K | Research funding organizations with award counts and cross-references |
| **Sources** | 280.7K | Journals, repositories, conferences, and ebook platforms with ISSN, DOAJ status, and APC pricing |
| **Institutions** | 121.5K | Universities, research centers, companies, and government bodies with ROR IDs and geolocation |
| **Authors** | 113.6M | Researchers with ORCID IDs, h-index, affiliations, and publication statistics |
| **Works** | n/a | Scholarly works (articles, books, datasets) with citations, DOIs, topics, authorships, and open access status |

## How entities connect

Works sit at the center. Everything else links through them.

```
                          +---------------+
                          |    Works      |  (central entity)
                          +-------+-------+
                 +----------------+------------------+
                 |                |                   |
          +------v------+  +-----v------+  +---------v--------+
          | Authorships |  |  Locations  |  | Referenced Works  |
          |  (nested)   |  |  (nested)   |  |   (citations)    |
          +------+------+  +-----+------+  +------------------+
                 |              |
          +------v------+  +---v------+
          |   Authors   |  | Sources  |  journals, repos, conferences
          +------+------+  +---+------+
                 |              |
      +----------v------+  +---v--------+
      |  Institutions   |  | Publishers |
      +-----------------+  +------------+

  Topics: domain > field > subfield > topic (4-level hierarchy)
  Funders: linked to works through grants and awards
```

Authorships, locations, and topics are nested as JSON inside works. To join works with their authors, parse the `authorships` field.

## Schema reference

### Topics

Research topics with hierarchical classification (domain → field → subfield → topic).

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `display_name` | string |
| `description` | string |
| `keywords` | string |
| `subfield_id` | string |
| `subfield_name` | string |
| `field_id` | string |
| `field_name` | string |
| `domain_id` | string |
| `domain_name` | string |
| `siblings` | string |
| `works_count` | int32 |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `ids` | string |
| `created_date` | string |
| `updated_date` | string |

### Publishers

Academic publishers with hierarchy levels and country information.

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `display_name` | string |
| `alternate_titles` | string |
| `hierarchy_level` | int32 |
| `parent_publisher` | string |
| `country_codes` | string |
| `homepage_url` | string |
| `works_count` | int32 |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `h_index` | int32 |
| `i10_index` | int32 |
| `lineage` | string |
| `roles` | string |
| `counts_by_year` | string |
| `ids` | string |
| `created_date` | string |
| `updated_date` | string |

**Data completeness** (fields below 100%):

| Field | Fill rate | Est. records |
|---|---|---|
| `alternate_titles` | 10.0% | 1.1K |
| `parent_publisher` | 0.0% | 0 |
| `country_codes` | 90.0% | 9.6K |
| `homepage_url` | 80.0% | 8.6K |
| `counts_by_year` | 90.0% | 9.6K |

### Funders

Research funding organizations with award counts and cross-references.

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `display_name` | string |
| `alternate_titles` | string |
| `country_code` | string |
| `description` | string |
| `homepage_url` | string |
| `works_count` | int32 |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `awards_count` | int32 |
| `h_index` | int32 |
| `i10_index` | int32 |
| `roles` | string |
| `counts_by_year` | string |
| `ids` | string |
| `created_date` | string |
| `updated_date` | string |

**Data completeness** (fields below 100%):

| Field | Fill rate | Est. records |
|---|---|---|
| `alternate_titles` | 87.5% | 28.4K |
| `description` | 56.2% | 18.2K |
| `homepage_url` | 53.1% | 17.2K |

### Sources

Journals, repositories, conferences, and ebook platforms with ISSN, DOAJ status, and APC pricing.

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `issn_l` | string |
| `issn` | string |
| `display_name` | string |
| `type` | string |
| `host_organization` | string |
| `host_organization_name` | string |
| `works_count` | int32 |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `is_oa` | bool |
| `is_in_doaj` | bool |
| `is_core` | bool |
| `homepage_url` | string |
| `country_code` | string |
| `h_index` | int32 |
| `i10_index` | int32 |
| `apc_usd` | int32 |
| `alternate_titles` | string |
| `topics` | string |
| `counts_by_year` | string |
| `ids` | string |
| `created_date` | string |
| `updated_date` | string |

**Data completeness** (fields below 100%):

| Field | Fill rate | Est. records |
|---|---|---|
| `issn_l` | 61.4% | 172.4K |
| `issn` | 61.4% | 172.4K |
| `host_organization` | 25.7% | 72.2K |
| `host_organization_name` | 25.4% | 71.2K |
| `homepage_url` | 26.4% | 74.2K |
| `country_code` | 42.5% | 119.3K |
| `apc_usd` | 3.2% | 9.0K |
| `alternate_titles` | 23.2% | 65.2K |
| `topics` | 92.9% | 260.6K |
| `counts_by_year` | 93.2% | 261.6K |
| `created_date` | 93.2% | 261.6K |

### Institutions

Universities, research centers, companies, and government bodies with ROR IDs and geolocation.

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `ror` | string |
| `display_name` | string |
| `type` | string |
| `country_code` | string |
| `homepage_url` | string |
| `image_url` | string |
| `works_count` | int32 |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `h_index` | int32 |
| `i10_index` | int32 |
| `geo_city` | string |
| `geo_region` | string |
| `geo_country` | string |
| `geo_latitude` | float64 |
| `geo_longitude` | float64 |
| `associated_institutions` | string |
| `lineage` | string |
| `topics` | string |
| `counts_by_year` | string |
| `roles` | string |
| `ids` | string |
| `created_date` | string |
| `updated_date` | string |

**Data completeness** (fields below 100%):

| Field | Fill rate | Est. records |
|---|---|---|
| `country_code` | 94.2% | 114.5K |
| `homepage_url` | 99.2% | 120.5K |
| `image_url` | 10.7% | 13.1K |
| `geo_region` | 38.0% | 46.2K |
| `associated_institutions` | 32.2% | 39.2K |
| `topics` | 88.4% | 107.5K |
| `counts_by_year` | 86.8% | 105.4K |

### Authors

Researchers with ORCID IDs, h-index, affiliations, and publication statistics.

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `orcid` | string |
| `display_name` | string |
| `display_name_alternatives` | string |
| `works_count` | int32 |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `h_index` | int32 |
| `i10_index` | int32 |
| `two_yr_mean_citedness` | float64 |
| `affiliations` | string |
| `last_known_institutions` | string |
| `topics` | string |
| `topic_share` | string |
| `counts_by_year` | string |
| `ids` | string |
| `created_date` | string |
| `updated_date` | string |

**Data completeness** (fields below 100%):

| Field | Fill rate | Est. records |
|---|---|---|
| `orcid` | 7.1% | 8.0M |
| `affiliations` | 44.5% | 50.6M |
| `last_known_institutions` | 39.4% | 44.7M |
| `topics` | 97.2% | 110.5M |
| `topic_share` | 97.2% | 110.5M |
| `counts_by_year` | 99.6% | 113.2M |

### Works

Scholarly works (articles, books, datasets) with citations, DOIs, topics, authorships, and open access status.

| Column | Type |
|---|---|
| `id` | string |
| `doi` | string |
| `title` | string |
| `publication_year` | int32 |
| `publication_date` | string |
| `type` | string |
| `language` | string |
| `is_retracted` | bool |
| `is_paratext` | bool |
| `cited_by_count` | int32 |
| `fwci` | float64 |
| `referenced_works_count` | int32 |
| `authors_count` | int32 |
| `locations_count` | int32 |
| `is_oa` | bool |
| `oa_status` | string |
| `oa_url` | string |
| `pr