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README.md

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 ---
-tags: ["benchmark", "beir", "cqadupstack_physics", "retrieval"]
+language:
+  - en
+license: cc-by-sa-4.0
+tags:
+  - retrieval
+  - text-retrieval
+  - beir
+  - physics
+  - stack-exchange
+  - duplicate-questions
+  - community-question-answering
+  - benchmark
+pretty_name: BEIR CQADupStack Physics (retrieval)
+size_categories: 1K<n<10K
 task_categories:
-  - question-answering
   - text-retrieval
-size_categories:
-  - 1K<n<10K
 ---
 
-# beir_cqadupstack_physics
+# CQADupStack — Physics (BEIR)
+
+## Dataset description
+
+**CQADupStack** is a benchmark for **community question answering (cQA)** research built from multiple **Stack Exchange** forums. Each subforum is distributed as a separate “stack” with posts, metadata, and **duplicate-question** annotations. The **Physics** stack draws from **Physics Stack Exchange**—short to medium-length questions and answers about concepts, experiments, and problem solving in physics.
+
+**BEIR** (*Benchmarking IR*) incorporated selected CQADupStack forums—including **physics**—into a unified **zero-shot** **information retrieval** benchmark. In the BEIR formulation, the task is **ad hoc retrieval**: given a **query** (a question post), a system must rank **corpus documents** (other question posts) so that posts marked as **duplicates** or **relevant** in the official judgments appear at the top.
+
+This repository (`orgrctera/beir_cqadupstack_physics`) exposes the **BEIR CQADupStack / physics** split in **Parquet** form for retrieval evaluation pipelines (aligned with CTERA-style **query + qrels** rows). The Hub snapshot corresponds to the **test** retrieval setting: **1,039** query rows (one per evaluation query).
+
+### Background: duplicate-question retrieval
+
+The original CQADupStack resource was introduced to support research on **finding duplicate or near-duplicate questions** in large cQA archives—a core retrieval problem for forums that want to link users to existing threads. BEIR repurposes the annotated relationships as **qrels** (query–relevance labels) over a document collection of question posts, enabling standard IR metrics (nDCG, Recall@k, MRR, etc.) alongside other heterogeneous BEIR tasks.
+
+### Scale (Physics subset, BEIR / standard mirrors)
+
+Reported statistics for the **test** split of CQADupStack Physics in retrieval benchmarks are on the order of:
+
+| Aspect | Approximate scale |
+|--------|-------------------|
+| **Queries** | ~1,039 (unique evaluation queries) |
+| **Corpus documents** | ~38k question posts (document collection to index) |
+| **Qrels** | ~1.9k judged relevant pairs total; ~1.86 relevant documents per query on average (min 1, max can be large for highly duplicated threads) |
+
+Exact counts should be verified against the specific BEIR export you pair with this file (corpus + qrels version).
+
+## Task: retrieval (CQADupStack Physics)
+
+This dataset defines a **text retrieval** task for the **Physics** slice of CQADupStack under BEIR:
+
+1. **Input:** a natural-language **question** (the query text).
+2. **Output:** a ranked list of **document IDs** from the Physics corpus (or scores over the full collection), such that **relevant** IDs—per official **qrels**—receive high rank.
+
+Evaluation uses standard **information retrieval** metrics. Full benchmarking also requires the **corpus** (passage or document text keyed by the same IDs as in BEIR).
+
+> **Note:** Rows in this repository describe the **query + relevance judgments** side. Combine them with the **BEIR CQADupStack physics corpus** from the same release for end-to-end retrieval experiments.
+
+## Data format (this repository)
+
+Each record typically includes:
+
+| Field | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `id` | UUID for this example row. |
+| `input` | The **query text** (Physics Stack Exchange–style question). |
+| `expected_output` | JSON string: list of objects `{"id": "<corpus-doc-id>", "score": <relevance>}`. Scores follow BEIR qrels conventions (e.g., relevance grades as released upstream). |
+| `metadata.query_id` | Original BEIR / CQADupStack query identifier (string). |
+| `metadata.split` | Split name (here: **`test`** for the exported BEIR evaluation split). |
 
-BEIR CQADupStack/physics test split
+### Example 1
 
-| Field | Value |
-|-------|-------|
-| Benchmark | beir |
-| Sub-benchmark | cqadupstack_physics |
-| Type | retrieval |
-| Total items | 1039 |
-| Splits | 1 |
+```json
+{
+  "id": "a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890",
+  "input": "Why does the sky appear blue during the day but red at sunset?",
+  "expected_output": "[{\"id\": \"12345\", \"score\": 1}, {\"id\": \"67890\", \"score\": 1}]",
+  "metadata.query_id": "42",
+  "metadata.split": "test"
+}
+```
 
-## Splits
+### Example 2
 
-| Split | Items |
-|-------|-------|
-| test | 1039 |
+```json
+{
+  "id": "f0e1d2c3-b4a5-6978-9012-3456789abcde",
+  "input": "How is the Higgs boson related to the mechanism that gives mass to elementary particles?",
+  "expected_output": "[{\"id\": \"24680\", \"score\": 1}]",
+  "metadata.query_id": "108",
+  "metadata.split": "test"
+}
+```
+
+*(Example IDs and query text are illustrative; real `query_id` and document IDs match the BEIR physics export.)*
+
+## References
+
+### CQADupStack (original dataset)
+
+**Doris Hoogeveen, Karin M. Verspoor, Timothy Baldwin**  
+*CQADupStack: A Benchmark Data Set for Community Question-Answering Research*  
+Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Document Computing Symposium (**ADCS 2015**), Parramatta, Australia.
+
+The paper presents CQADupStack as a multi-forum Stack Exchange resource with duplicate annotations and predefined splits, intended to make cQA and duplicate-detection experiments comparable across studies.
+
+- DOI: [10.1145/2838931.2838934](https://doi.org/10.1145/2838931.2838934)  
+- Resource page (historical): [nlp.cis.unimelb.edu.au/resources/cqadupstack/](http://nlp.cis.unimelb.edu.au/resources/cqadupstack/)
+
+### BEIR benchmark (CQADupStack as a retrieval task)
+
+**Nandan Thakur, Nils Reimers, Andreas Rücklé, Abhishek Srivastava, Iryna Gurevych**  
+*BEIR: A Heterogeneous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models*  
+NeurIPS 2021 (Datasets and Benchmarks Track).
+
+**Abstract (from arXiv):** *“Existing neural information retrieval (IR) models have often been studied in homogeneous and narrow settings, which has considerably limited insights into their out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization capabilities. To address this, and to facilitate researchers to broadly evaluate the effectiveness of their models, we introduce Benchmarking-IR (BEIR), a robust and heterogeneous evaluation benchmark for information retrieval. We leverage a careful selection of 18 publicly available datasets from diverse text retrieval tasks and domains and evaluate 10 state-of-the-art retrieval systems including lexical, sparse, dense, late-interaction and re-ranking architectures on the BEIR benchmark. Our results show BM25 is a robust baseline and re-ranking and late-interaction-based models on average achieve the best zero-shot performances, however, at high computational costs. In contrast, dense and sparse-retrieval models are computationally more efficient but often underperform other approaches, highlighting the considerable room for improvement in their generalization capabilities.”*
+
+- Paper: [arXiv:2104.08663](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.08663)  
+- OpenReview: [openreview.net/forum?id=wCu6T5xFjeJ](https://openreview.net/forum?id=wCu6T5xFjeJ)  
+- Code and data: [github.com/beir-cellar/beir](https://github.com/beir-cellar/beir)
+
+### Related Hub resources
+
+- Raw BEIR-style dataset layouts on Hugging Face (corpus / queries / qrels), e.g. community mirrors under **`BeIR/`** or **`irds/beir_*`** collections—search for CQADupStack physics in the dataset hub to match your tooling.
+
+## Citation
+
+If you use **CQADupStack**, cite the ADCS 2015 paper above. If you use the **BEIR** packaging and evaluation protocol, cite the BEIR NeurIPS 2021 paper. BibTeX for BEIR is available from the [official BEIR repository](https://github.com/beir-cellar/beir).
+
+## License
+
+Stack Exchange content is typically distributed under **Creative Commons** terms (commonly **CC BY-SA**). This card uses **`cc-by-sa-4.0`** as a conventional label for Stack Exchange–derived text; confirm against your exact data snapshot and [Stack Exchange’s content policy](https://stackoverflow.com/legal/terms-of-service) for compliance-sensitive deployments.
+
+---
 
-Exported from Langfuse.
+*Dataset card for `orgrctera/beir_cqadupstack_physics` — BEIR CQADupStack Physics retrieval split.*