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proofpile-arXiv_065-135 |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Interactions of cosmic-ray particles with detector materials can produce radioactive isotopes that create backgrounds for experiments searching for rare events such as dark matter interactions and neutrinoless double beta decay. Silicon is a widely used detector material becaus... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.337Z | 2020-11-24T02:21:07.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 22 | 14,429 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-241 | \section{Motivation}
Chromium is considered as the archetypical itinerant antiferromagnet~\cite{1988_Fawcett_RevModPhys, 1994_Fawcett_RevModPhys}. Interestingly, it shares its body-centered cubic crystal structure $Im\overline{3}m$ with the archetypical itinerant ferromagnet $\alpha$-iron and, at melting temperature, ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.791Z | 2020-07-22T02:11:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 45 | 9,343 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-258 | \section{Introduction}
With technological advancements in the automotive industry in recent times, modern vehicles are no longer made up of only mechanical devices but are also an assemblage of complex electronic devices called electronic control units (ECUs) which provide advanced vehicle functionality and facilitate ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.868Z | 2020-07-22T02:06:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 50 | 7,840 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-297 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:start}
\subsection{The landscape}\label{sect:landsc}
In this paper, we give a combinatorial description of the structures on
which diagonal groups, including those arising in the O'Nan--Scott Theorem,
act.
This is a rich area, with links not only to finite group theory (as in the
O'... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.993Z | 2021-05-07T02:21:39.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 58 | 31,462 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-337 | \section{Introduction}
First-principles calculations based on density functional
theory~\cite{hohenberg:kohn,kohn:sham} (DFT)
and the pseudo\-potential method are widely used for studying
the energetics, structure and dynamics of solids and
liquids~\cite{gillan,galli:pasquarello,payne}. In the
standard approach, the ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.175Z | 1996-09-20T17:30:30.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 66 | 6,802 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-359 | \section{Why should we study rare charm decays? }
At HERA recent measurements of the charm production cross section
in $e p$ collisions at an
energy $\sqrt{s_{ep}} \approx 300$ GeV yielded a value of about
$1 \mu$b \cite{dstar-gp}.
For an integrated luminosity of 250 pb$^{-1}$,
one expects therefore about $25 \cdot 10... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.244Z | 1996-09-12T17:37:21.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 71 | 5,262 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-513 | \section{Introduction}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
It is well known that the renormalization group (RG) equations \cite{rg}
have a peculiar power to improve the global nature of functions obtained
in the perturbation theory in quantum field theory (QFT)\cite{JZ}:
The RG equations may b... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.757Z | 1996-09-06T02:43:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 96 | 10,474 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-524 | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We are grateful to V.A. Kuzmin and M.A. Shifman for useful
discussions. We also wish to thank R. Ball for the clarification
of the current status of the QCD analysis of the HERA data.
It is the pleasure to thank the members of the
University of Minnesota for hospitality during this interest... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.792Z | 1996-09-22T14:34:57.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 100 | 109 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-547 | \section{Introduction}
Late-type Low Surface Brightness galaxies (LSBs) are considered to be very young
stellar systems, because of their rather blue colors (de Blok, van der Hulst \&
Bothun 1995, McGaugh \& Bothun 1996) and very low oxygen abundances
(McGaugh, 1994). Based on these observational evidences there
hav... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.852Z | 1996-09-12T21:33:37.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 105 | 2,412 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-600 | \section{Introduction}
Irrotational dust spacetimes have been widely studied, in
particular as models for the late universe, and as arenas for
the evolution of density perturbations and gravity wave
perturbations. In linearised theory, i.e. where the irrotational
dust spacetime is close to a Friedmann--Robertson--Walk... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.996Z | 1996-09-30T12:38:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 115 | 3,577 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-726 | \section{Introduction}
The Feynman diagrammatic technique has proven quite useful in order to
perform and organize the perturbative solution of quantum many-body
theories. The main idea is the computation of the Green's or
correlation functions by splitting the action $S$ into a quadratic or
free part $S_Q$ plus a rema... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.405Z | 1998-05-13T10:38:52.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 142 | 8,428 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-790 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum
groups
or
q-deformed
Lie
algebra
implies
some
specific
deformations
of ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.612Z | 1996-09-17T08:23:20.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 152 | 2,631 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-810 | \section{Introduction}
\vspace*{-0.5pt}
\noindent
The production of heavy quarkonium states in high-energy collisions
provides an important tool to study the interplay between perturbative
and non-perturbative QCD dynamics. While the creation of heavy quarks
in a hard scattering process can be calculated in pe... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.653Z | 1996-09-20T10:44:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 161 | 4,253 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-832 | \section*{\normalsize\bf I. Introduction}
Physics in the charm energy region is in the boundary domain between
perturbative and nonperturbative QCD. The study of charmonium physics
has recently received renewed interest. The observed hadronic decays
of charmonium may give new challenges to the present theoretical
und... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.761Z | 1996-09-10T12:49:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 164 | 9,208 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-843 |
\section{Introduction}
\par Billiards are an interesting and well studied class of
hamiltonian systems that display a wide variety of dynamical
behaviour depending on the shape of the boundary.
The ray equations commonly considered follow from a short wavelength
expansion of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation with Dirich... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.790Z | 1998-01-20T20:35:38.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 169 | 6,163 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-923 | \section{Introduction}
During its early history the universe may have undergone a number of
phase transitions. One or more of these may have been first-order
transitions in which the universe was for a time trapped in a
metastable ``false vacuum'' state, with the transition proceeding by
the nucleation and expansio... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.038Z | 1996-09-13T23:49:03.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 178 | 4,675 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1141 | \section{ Introduction}
Gamma ray bursts pose two sets of problems. The first is to account for the
required large and sudden energy release. The prime candidate here is the
formation of a compact object or the merger of a compact binary: this can
trigger the requisite energy release (few $10^{51}$ erg s$^{-1}$ for an... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.702Z | 1997-03-20T18:15:20.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 217 | 4,692 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1212 | \section{Introduction}
The statistical mechanics of random surfaces has been of much interest over the
years in the random geometry approach to two-dimensional quantum gravity and
lower dimensional string theory. These models can be solved non-perturbatively
by viewing discretized Riemann surfaces as Feynman graphs of... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.897Z | 1996-12-18T14:47:41.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 234 | 19,902 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1269 | \section*{Figure captions}
\begin{itemize}
\item[FIG. 1.] Characteristic oscillations in the
photon number distribution of dynamically
displaced number states for $\omega_L t_{in} = 250$,
$\Delta/\omega_L = 0.2$ and
$|n\rangle = |10\rangle$.... | 2024-02-18T23:39:44.088Z | 1996-09-11T17:19:13.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 243 | 174 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1410 | \section{Introduction}
Wavefront sensing, preservation and/or correction \Note{is essential in many optical systems, including in astronomy with low intensity point-like sources of rays, tightly focussed medium-intensity laser beams in microscopy and imaging, and for the delivery without aberrations of high-power las... | 2024-02-18T23:39:44.680Z | 2019-01-23T02:30:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 267 | 4,447 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1418 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) is a greenhouse gas that contributes greatly to global warming. As the use of carbon-based fuel is a primary source of energy, it is desirable to develop technologies for efficient capture and sequestration of CO$_2$ produced from such sources. Significant ef... | 2024-02-18T23:39:44.714Z | 2019-01-23T02:30:35.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 269 | 5,102 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1590 | \section{Introduction}
The three-body problem is one of the oldest problems in classical dynamics that continues to throw up surprises. It has challenged scientists from Newton's time to the present. It arose in an attempt to understand the Sun's effect on the motion of the Moon around the Earth. This was of much prac... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.397Z | 2019-01-23T02:32:59.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 294 | 12,614 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1676 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The Gamma-ray Burst (GRB) is the brightest explosion in the universe and is characterized by high variability.
Gamma-ray bursts can be divided into short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) based on the bimodal distribution of the observed durations in t... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.826Z | 2022-05-27T02:08:34.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 314 | 4,711 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1699 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is currently viewed as one of the key physical layer (PHY) technologies to meet the requirements of 5G network evolutions as well as those of Beyond 5G wireless networks. Since 2013, there has been a vast amount of literature on the subject, and ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.931Z | 2022-05-09T02:07:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 318 | 4,314 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1716 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The properties of the MBE grown nanostructures are determined by the complex interplay between the characteristics of used materials and growth conditions. In particular, the quality of the interfaces between the barrier and QW layer strongly impacts the optical and electrical quality of nanostr... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.014Z | 2022-05-09T02:01:35.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 323 | 4,902 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1731 | \section{Introduction}
In the last decades research on solitary waves became one of rapidly developing areas of mathematics and physics. Solitons were shown to exist in a wide variety of processes in optics, atomic physics, plasma physics, biophysics, fluid and solid mechanics, etc. \cite{Scott2005,Kharif2009,Boechler... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.110Z | 2022-05-09T02:02:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 327 | 6,450 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1842 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal H_1$ and $\mathcal H_2$ be nonempty families of finite graphs. Consider the following game $\RR(\mathcal H_1, \mathcal H_2)$
between Builder and Painter, played on the infinite board $K_\mathbb N$. In every round, Builder chooses a not previously selected
edge of $K_\mathbb N$ an... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.625Z | 2021-11-30T02:19:38.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 353 | 6,191 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1849 | \section{Introduction}
Cross-lingual transfer learning provides a way to train a model using a dataset in one or more languages and use this model to make inferences in other languages. This type of transfer learning can benefit applications such as question answering \cite{lee2019cross}, dialogue systems \cite{schust... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.658Z | 2021-11-30T02:21:19.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 355 | 5,207 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1861 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Order structures are ubiquitous in broad range of physical theories.
Examples of them are
the adiabatic accessibility relation in thermodynamics~\cite{giles1964mathematical,LIEB19991},
the convertibility relation by local operations and classical communication (LOCC) of bipart... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.699Z | 2021-11-30T02:19:17.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 358 | 13,806 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1879 | \section*{Introduction}
We study critical behaviour of the $O(n)$-symmetric $\phi^{4}$ model with an antisymmetric tensor order parameter $\phi_{ik}=-\phi_{ki}$; $i$, $k=1$, \dots, $n$. The action of the model:
\begin{equation}
\label{action}
S(\phi)=\frac{1}{2}\,\mathrm{tr}\left(\phi\left(-\partial^{2}+m^{2}_{0}\righ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.759Z | 2021-11-30T02:24:56.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 366 | 3,101 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1911 | \section{Introduction}
L\'evy processes and stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by L\'evy processes have been widely employed to model uncertain phenomena in various areas \cite{AkgirayBooth1988,BardhanChao1993,ContTankov2003,ContVoltchkova2004,Mandelbrot1997}. Since different classes of L\'evy process... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.887Z | 2023-01-02T02:08:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 372 | 7,645 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1931 | \section{\label{sec:Introduction}Introduction}
The cosmological magnetic field can serve as a probe into the early universe.
Observations tell that the intergalactic magnetic field exists even in the void \cite{NeronovVovk10, 2010MNRAS.406L..70T, 2010ApJ...722L..39A, 2011MNRAS.414.3566T, 2011ApJ...727L...4D, 2011APh...... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.954Z | 2023-01-02T02:09:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 377 | 8,161 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2020 | \section{Introduction}
Software Development is a very long and complicated process, involving many stages and multiple participants. More so, today's software systems have become large and highly complex. Given these characteristics of the software development process, it is inevitable that some defects will end up in ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:47.391Z | 2023-01-02T02:11:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 400 | 7,645 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2089 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=13cm]{4423fig01.eps}
\caption{$R$-band VLT image of SDSS J0924+0219, where objects are labeled
following Inada et al. (\cite{inada}). The stars a, c, d, and e are
used to compute the PSF spectrum (see text). Only stars a, d and e
... | 2024-02-18T23:39:47.659Z | 2006-02-20T09:20:44.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 421 | 9,093 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2212 | \section{Introduction}
Perhaps the most obvious relation between energy and time is given by the expression for
the energy of a single photon $E= \hbar \nu$. In higher dimensions
a similar energy-time relation
$$
\| H \|_2 =\frac{const.}{\| t \|_2}
$$
\noindent holds for the $L_2$ norms of state energies and characte... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.056Z | 2006-02-20T17:32:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 445 | 2,696 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2216 | \section{Spectroscopic observations}
Two spectra of BAL224 ($\alpha$(2000), $\delta$(2000): 00h 56mn 06.45s, -72$^{o}$ 28' 27.70") were obtained at medium
resolution in setups LR02 (396 - 457 nm, R=6400) and LR06 (644 - 718 nm,
R=8600).
They are dominated by the 2-peak emission components of Balmer lines
which are str... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.077Z | 2005-10-24T17:32:32.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 447 | 1,007 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2218 | \section{Introduction}
According to the most likely theory for Jovian planet formation,
Jupiter formed in a three stage process, lasting about 6~Myr. In the
classic model \citep{PP4_WGL}, a 5-15$M_\oplus$ rock/ice core forms at
a distance of $\sim$5~AU from the central star \citep{Boss95} over a
period of about 1/2 mi... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.079Z | 2005-10-14T01:35:20.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 448 | 4,005 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2238 | \section{Introduction}
\label{secintro}
Protein ion channels functioning in biological lipid membranes is
a major frontier of biophysics ~\cite{Hille,Doyle}. An ion channel
can be inserted in an artificial membrane in vitro and studied
with physical methods. For example, one can measure a
current--voltage response of... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.137Z | 2005-10-12T21:15:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 452 | 13,350 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2324 | \section{Introduction}
New stellar evolution models which include the effects of rotationally
induced mixing (Heger \& Langer 2000; Meynet \& Maeder 2000) have
considerably changed our understanding of the evolution of high-mass
stars, particularly during the early phases of core hydrogen burning.
Rotation is now r... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.389Z | 2005-10-24T13:30:55.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 464 | 1,650 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2327 | \section{Introduction}
At a distance of $\sim 4$ Mpc (Soria et~al.~\cite{soria96}, Rejkuba~\cite{rejkuba04},
Harris et~al.~\cite{harris04a}), \object{NGC\,5128} (Centaurus A)
is the closest giant elliptical (gE) galaxy (see Israel~\cite{israel98} for a review).
It possesses a rather low specific frequency of globula... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.395Z | 2005-10-19T08:00:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 465 | 12,051 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2630 | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Over the past few years there has been a heightened interest in
testing the statistical properties of Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) data. The process has been accelerated by the release of the
WMAP first year results. The WMAP data provide the first ever,
full-sky maps wh... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.293Z | 2005-10-30T17:57:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 523 | 5,995 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2650 | \section{Introduction}
Recent observations on the Type Ia Supernova (SNIa)\cite{sn},
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB)\cite{map} and Large
Scale Structure (LSS)\cite{sdss} all suggest that the Universe
mainly consists of dark energy (73\%), dark matter (23\%) and
baryon matter (4\%). How to understand the ph... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.356Z | 2008-11-28T22:43:40.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 526 | 5,891 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2666 | \section{Introduction}
The coupling of photons and baryons by Thompson scattering in the early
universe results in gravity driven acoustic oscillations of the photon-baryon
fluid.
The features that appear in both the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
anisotropies and matter power spectra are snapshots of the phase... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.417Z | 2005-11-18T18:26:14.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 529 | 5,191 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2725 | \section{Introduction}
Authentication services are required by many applications of ad hoc networks, both mobile (MANETs) or wired, like peer-to-peer. As an example, consider chats, games, or data sharing in a ad-hoc network, or in a MANET. As more practical applications of MANETS will be developed, the need for authe... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.631Z | 2005-10-22T13:51:31.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 541 | 5,111 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2741 | \section{Introduction}
Interest in the evolution of extremely metal--poor stars
has been stimulated recently by at least two types
of observing programmes.
First, the detection of very far galaxies at redshifts well beyond 6 (see e.g. Pell\'o et al.~\cite{Pe05})
opens the way to detection of galaxies whose colours
wi... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.682Z | 2005-10-19T13:34:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 545 | 16,459 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2823 | \section{Introduction}
General Relativity has been extremely successful in describing the large-scale
features of our universe. But the global shape of space-time is a quantity that
is not determined by the local equations of General Relativity. An intriguing
possibility is therefore that our universe is much small... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.908Z | 2006-01-28T19:34:08.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 561 | 12,302 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2851 | \section{Project Summary}
Detailed quantitative spectroscopy of Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia)
provides crucial information needed to minimize systematic effects in
both ongoing SNe~Ia observational programs such as the Nearby
Supernova Factory, ESSENCE, and the SuperNova Legacy
Survey (SNLS) and in proposed JDEM missi... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.976Z | 2005-10-06T22:16:29.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 568 | 2,338 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2857 | \section{Introduction}
The determination of the one-body distribution function, which gives the
probability of finding a particle at some given position,with a given
velocity at a given time, is one of the central problems in nonequilibrium
statistical mechanics. Its time-evolution is in many cases well described by
a... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.989Z | 2005-11-06T16:29:25.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 569 | 16,152 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2868 | \section*{A report}
The publications resulting from the Nordita Workdays on QPOs
are an interesting and original contribution to research on
accretion flows around compact objects.
They contain four observational papers, one theoretical
paper dealing with numerical simulations of accretion discs and
eleven contribu... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.029Z | 2005-10-14T09:39:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 572 | 2,508 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3083 |
\section{Introduction.}
The metal content of galaxies is an important diagnostic because it
relates directly to the integral history of star formation, galaxy
mass, and the inward and outward flows of gas
\citep[see reviews by][ or, for a review on chemical evolution models, see \citealp{cen_ost_99}]
{ostlin00, pag... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.707Z | 2005-10-31T11:40:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 620 | 3,146 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3157 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The field of extrasolar planet research has recently made a leap forward with the direct detection of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). Using Spitzer Space Telescope, \citet{Charbonneau05} and \citet{Deming05} have detected infrared photons from two transiting planets, TrE... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.959Z | 2005-10-20T03:43:06.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 630 | 8,205 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3267 | \section{Introduction}
In the recent past, optical interferometry has made the greatest
impact in the area stellar astrophysics, in particular the study of
nearby single stars. Be stars are hot stars that exhibit, or have
exhibited the so-called Be phenomenon, i.e.\ Balmer lines in emission
and infrared excess, interpr... | 2024-02-18T23:39:51.358Z | 2005-10-24T16:03:07.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 658 | 5,010 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3410 | \section{Introduction}
Image inpainting (a.k.a. image completion), which aims
to fill missing regions of an image, has been an active research topic of computer vision for decades.
Despite the great progress made in recent years~\cite{lahiri2020prior,suin2021distillation,zhou2021transfill,yi2020contextual,nazeri2019ed... | 2024-02-18T23:39:51.967Z | 2022-04-19T02:20:14.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 691 | 5,352 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3421 | \section{Introduction}
A text is not a simple collection of isolated sentences. These sentences generally appear in a certain order and are connected with each other through logical or semantic means to form a coherent whole. In recent years, modelling beyond the sentence level is attracting more attention, and differe... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.001Z | 2022-04-19T02:16:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 695 | 5,136 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3517 | \section{Introduction}
The Shuffle Conjecture~\cite{HHLRU.2005}, now a theorem due to Carlsson and Mellit~\cite{CM.2015},
provides an explicit combinatorial description of the bigraded Frobenius characteristic of the $S_n$-module of
diagonal harmonic polynomials. It is stated in terms of parking functions and involve... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.367Z | 2017-11-06T02:11:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 719 | 10,499 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3533 | \section*{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
Every smooth curve of genus two admits a unique degree-two \emph{hyperelliptic} map to $\mathbb{P}^1$. The Riemann-Hurwitz formula forces such a map to have six ramification points called \emph{Weierstrass points}; each non-Weierstrass point $p$ exists as part of a \emph{conj... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.441Z | 2018-10-19T02:00:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 726 | 8,066 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3551 | \section{Introduction}
The following instructions are directed to authors of papers submitted to
and accepted for publication in the EMNLP 2017 proceedings. All authors
are required to adhere to these specifications. Authors are required to
provide a Portable Document Format (PDF) version of their papers. {\textbf Th... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.498Z | 2017-07-28T02:06:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 729 | 8,202 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3644 | \section{Introduction}
When a high-quality direct semiconductor 2D quantum well (QW) is placed inside an optical microcavity, the strong coupling of photons and QW excitations gives rise to a new quasiparticle: the polariton.
The properties of this fascinating half-light, half-matter particle strongly depend on the na... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.809Z | 2017-10-30T01:06:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 743 | 16,600 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3692 | \section{Introduction}
Active matter consists of a large number of self-driven agents converting chemical energy, usually stored in the surrounding environment, into mechanical motion \cite{Ram2010,MarJoaRamLivProRaoSim2013,ElgWinGom2015}.
In the last decade various realizations of active matter have been studied inc... | 2024-02-18T23:39:53.559Z | 2017-07-28T02:02:25.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 754 | 6,619 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3778 | \section{Summary of Major Changes}
We thank the reviewers for their detailed reviews. These reviews have significantly help us improve the exposition of our method, and validate our claims. We present a brief summary of the major changes we made in this revision
\begin{enumerate}
\item Presented a conceptual model of ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:53.901Z | 2021-07-19T02:08:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 767 | 18,153 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3864 | \section{Introduction}
All graphs considered in this paper are finite, simple and undirected. For a graph $G$, we use $|G|$ to denote the number of vertices of $G$, say the \emph{order} of $G$.
The complete graph of order $n$ is denoted by $K_{n}$ and the star graph of order $n$ is denoted by $K_{1, n-1}$.
For a s... | 2024-02-18T23:39:54.214Z | 2021-03-03T02:17:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 780 | 8,893 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3949 | \section{Introduction}
Plankton blooms in the ocean represent some of the most massive and rapid biomass growth events in nature. Planktonic organisms are responsible for more than 50\% of the earth’s oxygen production, are the base of the marine food chain, contribute to the cycling of carbon, and preserve ocean bio... | 2024-02-18T23:39:54.733Z | 2022-10-03T02:10:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 797 | 9,738 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4020 | \subsection{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:marketplace}
We consider a marketplace with trading agents that play the roles of buyers and/or sellers of goods or services. The trading agents are of different types based on the frequency at which they trade, the size of their trading orders, whether they... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.055Z | 2022-10-03T02:12:58.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 813 | 11,502 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4031 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Skewness of a random variable $X$ satisfying $E\left( \left\vert
X\right\vert ^{3}\right) <+\infty $ is often measured by its third
standardized cumulant
\begin{equation}
\gamma _{1}\left( X\right) =\frac{E\left[ \left( X-\mu\right) ^{3}\right] }{\sigma ^{3}},
\end{equation... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.098Z | 2019-03-26T01:40:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 819 | 7,501 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4183 | \section{SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL for ``Slow scrambling and hidden integrability in a random rotor model"}
\section{Replica action for random $O(M)$ rotor model}
\label{saddle1}
In this subsection, we provide some additional details for the large $N,~M$ saddle point treatment for the rotor model. To begin, recall that t... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.737Z | 2019-08-22T02:16:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 843 | 3,346 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4216 |
\section{Construction of $\mathbf{M}^R$} \label{App:rank}
We give a brief outline of the construction of $\mathbf{M}^R$ and demonstrate that its maximal eigenvalue coincides with $R_0^r$ given in \cite{Ball_etal}, Section 3.1.3.
We begin by computing the transition probabilities for a household epidemic in state $... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.869Z | 2019-03-26T01:38:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 850 | 10,772 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4276 | \section{Signal speeds}\label{S:AppSpeeds}
We describe in this section the computation of the characteristic
signal speeds used in the explicit step (see Section \ref{S:RSU}).
In the particular form of Equations
\eqref{Eq:RadRMHD}-\eqref{Eq:RadRMHD2}, the MHD fluxes are
independent of the radiation variables... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.110Z | 2019-03-26T01:41:45.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 870 | 17,448 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4325 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Open clusters are ideal tracers to study the stellar population, the Galactic environment, and the formation and evolution of Galactic disk. Open clusters have large age and distance spans and can be relatively accurately dated; the spatial distribution and kinematic properties of ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.296Z | 2020-06-17T02:08:40.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 880 | 7,545 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4345 | \subsection{Evidence from string theory for the central dogma}
Though we said that the ``central dogma'' is an unproven assumption, there is a great deal of very non-trivial evidence from string theory.
String theory is a modification of Einstein gravity that leads to a well defined perturbative expansion and also... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.370Z | 2020-06-15T02:06:29.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 885 | 13,397 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4381 | \section{Introduction}
In high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy, efficiency is a significant attribute.
While a large detection efficiency is beneficial for data collection, it is the precise value (and its energy dependency) which is crucial for data analysis.
The γ-ray energy range of interest heavily depends on the ex... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.542Z | 2020-06-15T02:11:43.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 894 | 6,223 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4451 | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
The identification of characteristic parameters for bifurcations is one of the key goals of bifurcation theory. For the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation from equilibria to periodic orbits, the most relevant characteristic parameter is the first Lyapunov coefficient, $\sigma_s\in\mathbb{R}... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.833Z | 2020-10-13T02:01:58.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 908 | 20,520 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4456 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:IndepModelsWithSZ}
Huh \cite{huh2014} classified the varieties with rational maximum likelihood estimator
using Kapranov's Horn uniformization \cite{kapranov1991}. In spite of the classification,
it can be difficult to tell a priori whether a given model has rational MLE, or not.
Duar... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.855Z | 2020-10-28T01:26:45.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 911 | 15,998 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4481 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
The Bombieri-Vinogradov Theorem \cite{Bombieri,Vinogradov} states that for every $A>0$ and $B=B(A)$ sufficiently large in terms of $A$ we have
\begin{equation}
\sum_{q\le x^{1/2}/(\log{x})^B}\sup_{(a,q)=1}\Bigl|\pi(x;q,a)-\frac{\pi(x)}{\phi(q)}\Bigr|\ll_A\frac{x}{(\log{... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.943Z | 2020-06-15T02:14:09.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 915 | 13,956 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4774 | \section{Introduction}
Imagine you are interested in learning an accurate estimate of the probability that the United States unemployment rate for a particular month will fall below 10\%. You could choose to spend hours digging through news articles, reading financial reports, and weighing various opinions against ea... | 2024-02-18T23:39:58.180Z | 2010-02-27T00:27:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 968 | 10,222 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4784 | \section{\textbf{Introduction}}
Limit cycles are isolated closed curves in an autonomous system in a phase
plane. Determination of shape and number of limit cycles has been a
challenging problem in the theory of autonomous systems.\ Lienard system has
been a field of active interest in recent past because of its relev... | 2024-02-18T23:39:58.231Z | 2010-02-27T17:46:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 969 | 8,868 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4799 | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec1}
\subsection{Motivation and definitions}
Correlation functions of characteristic polynomials (CFCP) appear in various fields of mathematical and theoretical physics. (i) In quantum chaology, CFCP (i.a) provide a convenient way to describe the universal features of spectral statistic... | 2024-02-18T23:39:58.298Z | 2010-09-14T02:01:31.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 971 | 27,690 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4845 | \section{Introduction}
We consider the motion of a rigid planar body, whose shape is not necessarily circular, immersed in a two-dimensional perfect fluid. We assume that the vorticity of the fluid vanishes, but we allow for a non-zero amount of circulation around the rigid body. This dynamical system is of fund... | 2024-02-18T23:39:58.480Z | 2010-05-27T02:01:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 983 | 14,485 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4980 | \section{Introduction}
We assume that the audience is familiar with the concept of a
Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition
\cite{wikipedia-CFL-condition}. Loosely speaking, the CFL condition
states: When a partial differential equation, for example the wave
equation
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:wave}
\partial_t^2... | 2024-02-18T23:39:59.055Z | 2010-06-18T02:02:26.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,004 | 1,638 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5042 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs), such as the Parkes PTA (PPTA) ~\cite{man08}, the European PTA (EPTA)~\cite{jan08}, Nanograv~\cite{NANOGrav}, the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) project~\cite{HobbsEtAl:2009}, and in the future the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)~\cite{laz09} p... | 2024-02-18T23:39:59.310Z | 2010-03-02T22:03:01.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,023 | 14,887 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5095 | \section{Introduction}
The origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) at GeV $\gamma$-rays
is one of the fundamental unsolved problems in astrophysics.
The EGB was first detected by the SAS-2 mission
\citep{fichtel95} and its spectrum was measured with good accuracy by
the Energetic Gamma Ray Experimen... | 2024-02-18T23:39:59.599Z | 2010-08-24T02:03:25.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,034 | 12,941 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5130 | \section{Introduction}
An old problem in lattice gauge theory is extracting
the gluon condensate from the average plaquette, which in
pure SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
has the formal expansion \begin{eqnarray}
P(\beta)\equiv\langle 1- \frac{1}{3}\text{Tr} \,\text{U}_{\boxempty}
\rangle=\sum_{n=1}\frac{c_n}{\beta^n} + \fra... | 2024-02-18T23:39:59.809Z | 2011-01-04T02:04:21.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,041 | 2,845 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5213 | \section{Introduction}
It is not feasible anymore to expect performance gains for sequential codes by means of continuously
increasing processor clock speeds. Nowadays, processor vendors have been
concentrated on developing systems that group two or more processors onto a
single socket, sharing or not the same memory ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.217Z | 2010-06-01T02:00:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,060 | 6,516 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5225 | \section{Introduction}
At this conference, the Standard Models of Particle Physics and Cosmology
have again been impressively confirmed. In the experimental talks on strong
interactions, electroweak precision tests, flavour and neutrino physics
and searches for `new physics' no significant
deviations from Standard Mod... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.321Z | 2010-03-05T16:44:38.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,065 | 6,664 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5271 | \section{Introduction}
Let us consider a first order differential system in the real plane,
\begin{equation}\label{sysPQ}
\dot x = P(x,y), \qquad \dot y = Q(x,y).
\end{equation}
The study of the dynamics of (\ref{sysPQ}) strongly depends on the existence and stability properties of special solutions such as equilibr... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.556Z | 2010-03-03T14:36:52.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,075 | 1,894 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5281 | \section{Preliminaries}
General Courant algebroids were studied first in a paper by Liu,
Weinstein and Xu \cite{LWX}, which appeared in 1997 and became the
object of an intensive research since then. Courant algebroids
provide the framework for Dirac structures and generalized
Hamiltonian formalisms. In \cite{V1} we ha... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.587Z | 2010-03-01T10:06:08.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,079 | 2,966 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5639 | \section{Slices}
Given a category \(\Cat C\) and an object \(X\),
let's consider all the arrows into \(X\). This forms a
collection of arrows \[\bigcup_{Y\in \Cat C}\Hom(Y, X).\]
We shall take this collection of arrows as the \emph{objects}
of a new category, named \(\Cat C/X\).
What should the morphisms be? Consider ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.117Z | 2022-02-10T02:24:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,143 | 6,104 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5681 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum photonic experiments can generally be described as preparing quantum states of light, evolving them through linear optical interferometers, and detecting the output photons.
While the most common types of photonic states, Fock states and Gaussian states, can be routinely prepared via spo... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.311Z | 2022-11-10T02:11:15.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,151 | 4,038 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5818 | \section{Introduction}
Functional ultrasound (fUS) is a neuroimaging technique that indirectly measures brain activity by detecting changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) \citep{fusrbc}. The fUS signal is related to brain activity through a process known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). When a brain reg... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.952Z | 2022-04-11T02:02:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,178 | 8,371 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5949 | \section{\bf Introduction}
Deep recurrent neural networks have seen tremendous success in the last decade across domains like NLP, speech and audio processing \cite{Aaron16}, computer vision \cite{Wang16}, time series
classification, forecasting and so on. In particular, it has achieved state-of-art performance (and... | 2024-02-18T23:40:03.619Z | 2022-07-12T02:02:12.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,209 | 9,881 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6040 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\subsection{Measurements of Rapidity Gaps at the Double Diffraction Dissociation}
The recent measurement of diffraction gaps in ATLAS \cite{atlas} has shown that the behavior of their distribution has different character in the different gap ranges. The histogram at the large val... | 2024-02-18T23:40:03.996Z | 2019-09-19T02:17:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,228 | 1,286 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6061 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The active growth of supermassive black holes occurs via accretion of dust and gas in the nuclei of galaxies. The standard model of unification of active galactic nuclei (AGN) posits that the parsec-scale dusty molecular structure of the accretion process forms a geometrically ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:04.096Z | 2019-09-20T02:00:42.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,234 | 11,476 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6079 | \section{Introduction}
Stabilizing all moduli of a 4D string compactification, especially in the presence of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking and positive cosmological constant, is notoriously difficult. Already the simplest realistic models~\cite{Kachru:2003aw,Balasubramanian:2005zx} involve several ingredients and sign... | 2024-02-18T23:40:04.159Z | 2020-02-26T02:01:40.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,240 | 9,172 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6162 | \section*{Introduction}
The Standard Model (SM) is an incomplete description of observed phenomena in nature. However, explicit evidence of new
long-distance propagating states is lacking. Consequently, the SM is usefully thought of as an Effective Field Theory (EFT)
for measurements and data analysis, with charact... | 2024-02-18T23:40:04.563Z | 2019-09-19T02:15:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,250 | 5,463 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6255 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process of energy release that lies at the core of many dynamic phenomena in the solar system such as solar flares, coronal heating events, geomagnetic substorms and flux transfer events. Reconnection in three dimensions has been shown to be com... | 2024-02-18T23:40:04.916Z | 2009-10-16T15:02:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,272 | 11,315 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6286 | \section{Introduction}
The question of how the adsorption of foreign particles affects the
properties of materials and the means to control this is of central
importance in domains ranging from separation processes to nanotechnology.
This motivates the continuing investigation on the factors determining the
adsorption ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.096Z | 2009-10-22T18:03:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,277 | 2,603 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6293 | \section{Introduction}
Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field or a finite field.
Let $n$ be a natural number and $k$ be $1$ or $2$.
Consider $G:=\operatorname{GL}_{n+k}(F)$ and let $M:=\operatorname{GL}_n(F) \times GL_k(F)<G$ be a maximal Levi subgroup. Let $U< G$ be the corresponding unipotent subgroup and let $P=MU... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.108Z | 2009-10-19T21:45:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,282 | 6,557 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6387 | \section{Introduction}
A classical question in probability theory comprises the following.
Suppose the ordinary resp.\ stochastic exponential $M=\exp(X)$
resp.\ $\scr E(X)$\footnote{The \emph{stochastic exponential} $\scr E(X)$ of a semimartingale $X$ is the unique solution of the linear SDE $d\scr E(X)_t=\scr E(X)_{t-... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.404Z | 2010-11-30T02:06:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,295 | 8,761 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6423 | \section{Mutual Unbiased Bases (MUB) - brief review}
We briefly summarize some of the MUB features of the continuous,
$d\rightarrow \infty$,
Hilbert space which will be used later.\\
The complete orthonormal eigenfunctions of the quadrature operator,
\begin{equation}\label{X}
\hat{X}_{\theta}\equiv
cos\theta\;\hat{x}+... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.507Z | 2009-10-17T04:11:29.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,303 | 4,816 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6553 | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
It is by now well-established that neutrinos are massive and
mixed, and that these properties lead to the oscillations observed in
measurements of neutrinos produced in the
Sun~\cite{home2}--\cite{bor}, in
the atmosphere~\cite{SKatm}, by accelerators~\cite{minos,k2k}, and by
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.956Z | 2010-06-10T02:01:05.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,329 | 40,457 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6733 | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{lp} we obtain almost sure limits for the
$L^{ p}$ moduli of continuity of local times of a very wide class of
symmetric L\'evy processes. More specifically, if $\{L^{ x }_{ t}\,;\,(x,t)\in R^{ 1}\times R^{ 1}_{ +}\}$ denotes Brownian local time then for all
$ p\ge 1$, and al... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.718Z | 2009-10-15T18:18:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,369 | 3,510 |
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