id stringlengths 19 42 | text stringlengths 0 4.51M | added stringlengths 24 24 | created stringlengths 20 24 | source stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proofpile-arXiv_065-241 | \section{Motivation}
Chromium is considered as the archetypical itinerant antiferromagnet~\cite{1988_Fawcett_RevModPhys, 1994_Fawcett_RevModPhys}. Interestingly, it shares its body-centered cubic crystal structure $Im\overline{3}m$ with the archetypical itinerant ferromagnet $\alpha$-iron and, at melting temperature, ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.791Z | 2020-07-22T02:11:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 45 | 9,343 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-242 |
\section{Meta-Learning for Optimal Agent}
The trade-off described above begs the following question: How can it be managed in an environment with unknown properties? That is, how does an agent decide whether to pursue single-task or multitask training in a new environment so that it can learn the tasks most efficientl... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.794Z | 2021-01-06T02:23:41.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 46 | 7,720 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-251 | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, advances in GPU technology and machine learning libraries enabled the trend towards deeper neural networks in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems.
End-to-end ASR systems transcribe speech features to letters or tokens without any intermediate representations.
There are two... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.833Z | 2020-07-22T02:14:15.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 48 | 3,987 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-287 | \section{Data Specifications Table}
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\footnotesize
\label{DataSpecificationTable}
\begin{tabular}{|l|p{10cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{ Subject }& Management of Technology and Innovation. \\\hline
\textbf{ Specific subject area }& A focus area maturity model for API management. \\\hline
\textbf{ Ty... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.960Z | 2021-05-31T02:02:16.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 55 | 17,146 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-341 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The study of the elementary excitations of ultrarelativistic plasmas,
such as the quark-gluon plasma, has received much
attention in the recent past.
(See \cite{BIO96,MLB96} for recent reviews and more references.)
The physical picture which emerges is that of a system with
two types of ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.191Z | 1996-09-02T12:52:05.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 68 | 3,609 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-405 | \section{Dynamics and time orientation}
We introduce a treatment of dynamics which may be readily
generalized for a subsequent application to cosmology.
\subsection{Predynamical and physical time}
Dynamics in general is time dependence of a state of a
physical system. A definition of the state may involve the
direct... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.360Z | 1996-09-18T21:55:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 79 | 4,776 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-507 | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetry (SUSY) predicts the existence of a spin 1/2 partner
of the gluon $g$, the so-called { gluino} $\mathaccent"7E g$.
Like the QCD gauge boson, it is neutral, it is its own anti-particle (i.e.,
it is a Majorana fermion) and its coupling to ordinary matter is precisely
determined in t... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.742Z | 1997-09-18T00:18:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 95 | 7,943 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-516 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Simulations of full QCD with Wilson fermions at zero temperature so
far have been carried out on lattices of size $\le 16^{3}\times 32$,
physical volumes $<$ 1.5 (fm)$^{3}$ and ratios of $\frac{m_{\pi}}{m_{\rho}} > 0.6$
\cite{SESAM1}. The latter quantity is a monitor for the closeness to
the chi... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.762Z | 1996-09-12T18:46:32.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 98 | 1,400 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-592 | \section{Introduction}
The environment at the centers of galaxy cluster cooling flows is exotic and extreme compared to that found near the average galaxy in the Universe. The intracluster medium (ICM) thermal pressure is a factor of 10-100 times higher than that near other cluster galaxies. The cooling flow may dep... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.975Z | 1996-09-25T00:50:31.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 112 | 3,767 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-794 | \section{Introduction}
Since the very moment when one is introduced to the quantum formalism {\it %
via} Schr\"odinger equation, he takes contact, as an initiation ritual, with
the problems involving those potentials considered simple---those which
mathematical solutions is sufficiently feasible, furnishing however so... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.619Z | 1996-09-04T21:25:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 154 | 2,611 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-806 | \section{Introduction}
A very weak feature at 1176~\AA\ was found by Laor et al. (1995)
in three high S/N quasar spectra obtained by HST, and was tentatively
identified as C~III$^*~\lambda 1176$. The rich UV emission line spectrum
of the narrow line quasar I Zw 1 obtained by HST (Laor et al. in
preparation) allowed ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.645Z | 1996-09-24T15:26:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 158 | 635 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-810 | \section{Introduction}
\vspace*{-0.5pt}
\noindent
The production of heavy quarkonium states in high-energy collisions
provides an important tool to study the interplay between perturbative
and non-perturbative QCD dynamics. While the creation of heavy quarks
in a hard scattering process can be calculated in pe... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.653Z | 1996-09-20T10:44:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 161 | 4,253 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-816 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
{\it Cue phrases} are words and phrases that may sometimes be
used to explicitly signal discourse structure in both text and speech. In particular,
when used in a {\it discourse} sense, a cue phrase explicitly
conveys structural information. When used in a {\it sentential} ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.677Z | 1996-09-09T20:24:13.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 162 | 20,669 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1026 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a hyperbolic group in the sense of Gromov \cite{Gromov}.
Let $H$ be a hyperbolic subgroup of $G$. We
choose a finite symmetric generating set for $H$ and extend it to a finite
symmetric generating set for $G$.
Let $\Gamma_H$ and $\Gamma_G$ denote the
Cayley graphs of $H$, $G$ respe... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.406Z | 1998-06-13T00:50:46.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 198 | 9,038 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1029 | \section{Introduction}
In the last two years duality has become a very important tool in
supersymmetric gauge theories as well as in string theory.
The basic idea was developed by Seiberg and Witten \cite{sw}
(for reviews, see e.g. Bilal \cite{bilal} or Lerche \cite{lerche})
who found, at the two-derivative level, th... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.417Z | 1996-09-08T19:13:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 199 | 9,164 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1335 | \section{Introduction}
The main goal of existing wireless networks is to provide the highest possible spectral efficiency and the best possible data rate for human users. But, machine-type communications (MTC) will become a strong challenge for next generation wireless networks. Traffic patterns for MTC completely dif... | 2024-02-18T23:39:44.358Z | 2019-01-23T02:33:46.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 253 | 3,676 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1446 | \section{\protect\centering Introduction}
\textbf{Background Information}. Complex large-scale networks form an integral part of our defense system and infrastructure: e.g. wireless communication networks, the Internet, multifunctional sensor networks, large-scale computer networks, and electrical grids. They play cruc... | 2024-02-18T23:39:44.825Z | 2019-01-23T02:28:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 272 | 15,020 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1582 | \section{Introduction}
The investigation of the hadronic properties under extreme conditions, without doubt, is one of the main goals of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and hadron physics. Such investigations will help us gain valuable information on the internal structures of hadrons, their probable melting at a cri... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.367Z | 2019-04-05T02:16:08.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 293 | 9,314 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1638 | \section{Introduction}
\emph{Model predictive control} (MPC for short, also called \emph{receding horizon control}) is a
technique for approximately solving an
infinite-horizon optimal control problem by instead solving a sequence of finite-horizon problems.
This gives a near-optimal control signal implicitly,... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.573Z | 2022-05-09T02:01:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 303 | 14,013 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1708 |
\section{Related Work}
\subsection{Application of Convex Shapes}
Many efficient geometric algorithms require convex shapes as input. For example, collision detection between shapes is the cornerstone in physics simulation, virtual reality, game engines, and animations. Fast and precise collision detection algorithms... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.966Z | 2022-05-09T02:05:41.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 320 | 11,817 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1838 |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Far-field WPT is considered as a promising technique to exert a revolutionary impact on the powering systems of low power devices and to be the enabler of 1G mobile power networks \cite{BrunoToward}. Nevertheless, boosting the efficiency of WPT remains a key challenge \cite{cle... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.594Z | 2021-11-30T02:20:06.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 352 | 3,739 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1961 | \section{Introduction}
This work is dedicated to the study of qualitative properties of the hybrid measure differential equation (abbreviated, HMDE) {given by:}
\begin{eqnarray}
x(t) &=& x_{0} - h(t_{0}, x(t_0)) + h(t,x(t)) + \int_{t_0}^{t}f(s,x(s)){\rm d}g(s), \; \; t\in J, \label{hmde1} \\
x(t_0)& = & x_0\in\real^{n... | 2024-02-18T23:39:47.110Z | 2023-01-02T02:12:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 382 | 13,886 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2027 | \section{Introduction}
The use of springs has shown significant energetic benefits in a range of applications where the ability of a spring to store and release energy can assist motor-driven and human-driven robots.
Springs are especially useful in creating energy efficient oscillatory motion by resonance based actua... | 2024-02-18T23:39:47.418Z | 2023-02-23T02:05:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 402 | 4,045 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2347 | \section{Historical note}
In early 1987, just as the remarkable Bednorz-Muller discovery was becoming widely known, the basis for the theory of the materials which they had discovered was laid down \cite{pwa_87}.
It was observed that the CuO$_2$ planes on which they are based were plausibly describable by a particularl... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.453Z | 2005-12-07T23:35:56.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 471 | 7,637 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2504 | \section{Introduction}
Strongly correlated electron systems with some orbitals
have been investigated extensively.\cite{ImadaRev,TokuraScience}
In particular, substantial progress in the theoretical
understanding of the Mott transition in multiorbital systems
has been made by dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT)
\cit... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.907Z | 2005-10-17T22:25:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 499 | 8,065 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2627 | \section*{1. Introduction}
The physics of topological defects produced during cosmological
phase transitions has received a large amount of interest in
recent years. Topologically stable kinks are ensured when the
vacuum manifold of a spontaneously broken gauge theory is
disconnected \cite{Kibble76}. Let us consider, ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.282Z | 2007-03-01T15:10:46.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 521 | 1,500 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2628 | \section{Introduction}
The Earth is the only known example of a life-hosting world,
even though terrestrial exoplanets have been searched for since
the discovery of the first Earth-mass exoplanets by Wolszczan
\& Frail (1992). However, planets similar to the Earth, Venus
or Mars, in size, density or orbital parameters ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.283Z | 2005-10-07T13:52:12.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 522 | 12,458 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2706 | \section{Introduction}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\setcounter{footnote}{1}
\footnotetext{E-mail: cab@astro.ubc.ca}
Baryon oscillations in the galaxy power spectrum have recently emerged
as a promising standard ruler for cosmology, potentially enabling
precise measurements of the dark energy param... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.571Z | 2005-10-08T04:33:45.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 537 | 8,363 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2827 | \section{Introduction}
Cepheid stars, through their Period-Luminosity (PL) relation, are one of the key tools in determining the extragalactic distance scale. In spite of its fundamental importance, to this day, it is still unclear the role played by the chemical composition on the pulsational properties of these star... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.919Z | 2005-10-18T12:48:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 563 | 1,351 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2905 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm has become the standard framework
for the formation of large-scale structure and galaxies. Small
fluctuations in the initial density field grow by means of
gravitational instability until they collapse to form virialized... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.148Z | 2007-05-04T18:37:41.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 580 | 11,311 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2963 | \section{Introduction}
Position-velocity resolved interferometric mapping of water vapor
maser emission ($\nu_{rest}=22235.08$~MHz) in active galactic nuclei
(AGN) is a powerful tool for the study of gas structures and dynamics in
regions less than of order 1 pc from massive central engines. For the
cases in which ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.301Z | 2005-10-06T22:18:06.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 593 | 7,179 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3036 | \section{Introduction.}
\label{intro}
The recent developments in our understanding of the nuclear regions of
nearby galaxies provide us with a new framework in which to explore
the classical issue of the connection between host galaxies and AGN.
All evidence now points to the idea that most galaxies
host a superma... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.548Z | 2005-10-10T13:01:44.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 608 | 9,433 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3364 |
\subsection{Summary of the ZEC update algorithm}
\label{sec:summary}
As introduced in the main text, the essence of the Zero-energy Cluster (ZEC) update algorithm is to divide the spins into clusters, which can be flipped without energy cost.
Here, we summarize the algorithm in a more formal way, to make rigorous argu... | 2024-02-18T23:39:51.763Z | 2022-04-19T02:20:42.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 681 | 1,578 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3381 |
\section{Open Problems and Challenges}
Despite the performance improvement and interesting salient features of attention models, various challenges are associated with their practical settings in computer vision applications. The essential impediments include a requirement for high computational costs, significant... | 2024-02-18T23:39:51.822Z | 2022-04-22T02:14:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 685 | 37,190 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3533 | \section*{Introduction}
\label{sec-intro}
Every smooth curve of genus two admits a unique degree-two \emph{hyperelliptic} map to $\mathbb{P}^1$. The Riemann-Hurwitz formula forces such a map to have six ramification points called \emph{Weierstrass points}; each non-Weierstrass point $p$ exists as part of a \emph{conj... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.441Z | 2018-10-19T02:00:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 726 | 8,066 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3551 | \section{Introduction}
The following instructions are directed to authors of papers submitted to
and accepted for publication in the EMNLP 2017 proceedings. All authors
are required to adhere to these specifications. Authors are required to
provide a Portable Document Format (PDF) version of their papers. {\textbf Th... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.498Z | 2017-07-28T02:06:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 729 | 8,202 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3725 | \section{Introduction and related work}
In this research, we make an attempt to model the dynamics of worldwide armed conflicts on the basis of English news texts. To this end, we employ the well-known framework of Continuous Bag-of-Words modeling \cite{Mikolov_representation:2013} for training word embeddings on the E... | 2024-02-18T23:39:53.690Z | 2017-07-28T02:02:20.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 757 | 3,757 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3991 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Since the pioneering and fundamental works of Shannon \cite{seminal-Shannon}, the dominant paradigm for designing a communication system is that communications must satisfy quality requirements. Typically, the bit error rate, the packet error rate, the outage probabilit... | 2024-02-18T23:39:54.954Z | 2022-10-03T02:11:14.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 808 | 12,117 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4073 | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that the Sobolev inequality
\begin{equation}\label{Sobolev}
S\|u\|_{L^{2_{\ast}}(\mathbb{R}^N)}\le \|Du\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R}^N)},
\end{equation}
where $2_{\ast}=2N/(N-2)$, $N\ge 3$ and $S=S(N)$ is a positive constant, plays a fundamental role in geometric analysis. A simple scalin... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.252Z | 2019-10-11T02:12:20.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 825 | 12,501 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4239 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Modern treatments of meson--baryon interactions at low energies are based on chiral perturbation
theory (ChPT) that implements the QCD symmetries in its nonperturbative regime. Based on the method
of ``phenomenological Lagrangians'' \cite{Weinberg:1978kz}, corrections to the ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.951Z | 2019-09-17T02:28:55.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 858 | 13,700 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4389 | \section{Introduction}
Let $E\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ be a compact set, its \emph{distance set} $\Delta(E)$ is defined by
$$
\Delta(E):=\{|x-y|:x,y\in E\}\,.
$$
A classical question in geometric measure theory, introduced by Falconer in the early 80s (\cite{F}) is, how large does the Hausdorff dimension of a compact subse... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.567Z | 2021-03-31T02:12:55.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 896 | 7,248 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4575 | \section{Introduction}
Assembly lines, e.g., in car manufacturing, can be partitioned by buffers to minimize the effect of line stops in one section to other ones. The simplest buffer consists of a single lane that operates as a queue according to the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle, which maintains the order in w... | 2024-02-18T23:39:57.303Z | 2022-07-07T02:10:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 930 | 12,452 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4591 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Heart failure continues to be the leading cause of hospitalization and death worldwide, lending an urgency to personalized and prospective care solutions \cite{Savarese2020}. Cardiovascular ultrasound (or echocardiography) is the most frequently used method for diagnosing... | 2024-02-18T23:39:57.351Z | 2022-07-07T02:12:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 934 | 3,440 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4641 | \section{Introduction}
Passage retrieval is an important component in applications
like ad-hoc information retrieval,
open-domain question answering ~\citep{Karpukhin2020DensePR},
retrieval-augmented generation ~\citep{Lewis2020RetrievalAugmentedGF}
and fact verification ~\citep{Thorne2018TheFE}.
Sparse retrieval meth... | 2024-02-18T23:39:57.608Z | 2022-07-07T02:13:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 948 | 5,548 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4964 | \section{Introduction}
Turbulence due to the convective instability is thought to account for
much of the angular momentum transport in the outer layers of the Sun
and other stars with convection zones (e.g.\ R\"udiger 1989;
R\"udiger \& Hollerbach 2004). In the
presence of turbulence the fluid mixes efficiently and di... | 2024-02-18T23:39:58.977Z | 2011-07-07T02:03:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,001 | 8,757 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5310 | \section{Introduction}
Many extensions to the standard model of particle physics contain an extra U(1) gauge factor corresponding to a hidden sector of particles~\cite{abel, goodsell}. The only interaction between this hidden sector and normal matter is a weak kinetic mixing between the photon $\gamma$ and hidden sect... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.690Z | 2010-09-03T02:01:17.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,082 | 4,502 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5335 | \section{Introduction}
Long-term NASA plans \citep{nasa-plan} for placing scientific equipment on
the moon face uncertainty regarding the environmental impact on such
devices as hard information about the lunar environmental effect on
scientific instruments has not been available. From a quantitative
analysis of the ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.809Z | 2010-03-03T04:11:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,085 | 3,524 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5492 | \section{Introduction}
The study of cascade systems, also
denoted as systems in \emph{feedforward} form,
dates back in the 90's
due to a large range of control applications.
A typical example of systems in this form is
the cart-pendulum system \cite{mazenc1996adding},
but this structure exhibits also when adding a... | 2024-02-18T23:40:01.513Z | 2020-10-27T01:36:37.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,114 | 4,979 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5503 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
A directional data set (or simply directional data) is the collection of observations on a (hyper)sphere.
It occurs in many scientific problems when measurements are taken on the surface of a spherical object, such as Earth or other planets.
For instance, the locations o... | 2024-02-18T23:40:01.560Z | 2021-06-08T02:37:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,118 | 17,758 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5534 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
Let $n>m$ and let $A$ be a real $(m\times n)$-matrix
of rank $m$. The kernel of such a matrix has the
dimension $n-m$ and hence can, in dependence of the
dimensions, be a large subspace of the $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Nevertheless, the set... | 2024-02-18T23:40:01.696Z | 2022-02-22T02:23:37.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,125 | 7,949 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5578 | \section{Introduction}
Next generation wireless communication systems, e.g., 5G and beyond, have proposed the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations (UAV-BS) to provide terrestrial communication services \cite{8641419}.
Due to their dynamic deployability and mobility, UAVs can act as fl... | 2024-02-18T23:40:01.851Z | 2020-10-27T01:33:59.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,131 | 4,153 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5585 | \section{Introduction}
Event Extraction (EE) is an important task of Information Extraction that aims to recognize events and their arguments in text. In the literature, EE is often divided into two sub-tasks: (1) Event Detection (ED) to detect the event trigger words, and (2) Event Argument Extraction (EAE) to ident... | 2024-02-18T23:40:01.870Z | 2020-10-27T01:35:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,135 | 7,377 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5681 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum photonic experiments can generally be described as preparing quantum states of light, evolving them through linear optical interferometers, and detecting the output photons.
While the most common types of photonic states, Fock states and Gaussian states, can be routinely prepared via spo... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.311Z | 2022-11-10T02:11:15.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,151 | 4,038 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5924 | \subsection*{Hybridized parametric amplification}\label{HPA}
Recently, several of us proposed a hybridized parametric amplification (HPA) scheme that employs concurrent idler self-frequency doubling to alter the nonlinear dynamics of OPA. It was discovered that displacement of idler photons by second harmonic generati... | 2024-02-18T23:40:03.496Z | 2022-07-12T02:03:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,201 | 4,592 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6289 | \section{Introduction}
The capacity of the interference channel (IC) is a thirty years old problem in network information theory, that is of practical importance as well. When more than one transmitter and receiver want to communicate simultaneously, interference limits their communication. The rate region for the simp... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.101Z | 2009-10-20T10:31:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,279 | 4,948 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6320 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Large field-of-view
radio telescope facilities
such as the Parks multi-beam facility,
the Arecibo multi-beam instrument,
the Allen Telescope Array (DeBoer et al. 2004),
and the Low Frequency Array (Falcke et al. 2007)
have reinvigorated
the radio-frequency time domain f... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.210Z | 2009-10-19T22:34:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,285 | 15,005 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6329 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathfrak{a}_n$ denote the Lie algebra consisting of all the formal
vector fields on ${\mathbb R}^n$ and let $\mathfrak{ham}_{2n}\subset \mathfrak{a}_{2n}$
denote the subalgebra of {\it Hamiltonian} formal vector fields
on ${\mathbb R}^{2n}$ with respect to the standard symplectic form $\o... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.242Z | 2009-10-18T22:46:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,286 | 7,551 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6387 | \section{Introduction}
A classical question in probability theory comprises the following.
Suppose the ordinary resp.\ stochastic exponential $M=\exp(X)$
resp.\ $\scr E(X)$\footnote{The \emph{stochastic exponential} $\scr E(X)$ of a semimartingale $X$ is the unique solution of the linear SDE $d\scr E(X)_t=\scr E(X)_{t-... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.404Z | 2010-11-30T02:06:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,295 | 8,761 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6458 | \section{Introduction}
The Bures measure is the volume element of the corresponding Bures metric that can be
obtained from the infinitesimal form of the quantum fidelity between mixed
quantum states \cite{uhlmann1992mba,nielsenchuang,sommers2003bvs}, or from
the statistical distance between mixed quantum states \cite... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.603Z | 2009-10-15T17:40:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,309 | 3,129 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6647 | \section{Introduction} \large
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
Change of scale in quantum field theories (QFTs) is governed by renormalization group (RG) transformations.
If a space of theories is parameterized by coupling constants $\{\lambda^{i}\}$ the RG tran... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.394Z | 2009-10-26T16:36:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,350 | 16,660 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6662 | \section{Introduction}
In epidemic studies the analysis of
large amounts of personal data is essential. At the same time the
dissemination of the results of those studies, even in a compact and
summarized form, can provide some information that can be exploited to
identify the row pertaining to a certain individual. Fo... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.456Z | 2010-05-18T02:01:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,354 | 15,840 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6694 | \section{Introduction}
Due to their low dust content, simple kinematics, modest to negligible abundance gradients, and prevalence in the universe, dwarf galaxies are excellent objects to use as probes of galaxy evolution (e.g., Hunter \& Gallagher 1985; Kobulnicky \& Skillman 1997).
Additionally, these small galaxies... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.571Z | 2009-11-04T16:46:20.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,362 | 8,742 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6922 | \section{Introduction}
\par\noindent The cores of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), identified
as quasars, emit a huge amount of power at visible and ultraviolet frequencies
\cite{bmp}.
It obtains its power by the gravitational potential energy of a massive
black hole residing at its center \cite{kori}. The radiation is e... | 2024-02-18T23:40:07.890Z | 2009-10-27T11:36:19.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,405 | 3,380 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6936 | \section{Introduction}
Observations of the number density of galaxy clusters as a function of
cluster mass and redshift are powerful probes of cosmology, especially
the accelerated cosmological expansion caused by the cryptically
dubbed {\em dark energy}. Cosmological parameters have been recently
inferred from a num... | 2024-02-18T23:40:07.937Z | 2010-04-02T02:02:57.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,408 | 7,284 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6942 | \section{Introduction}\label{SectionIntroduction}
The evolution of neutron stars and the potential relationships between some of their observed classes remain outstanding problems in
astrophysics. Proper motion studies of neutron stars can provide independent age estimates with which to shed light on these questions.
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:07.955Z | 2009-10-15T02:34:52.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,410 | 6,647 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6954 | \section{Introduction}
The chemical elements with atomic number higher than about 30 are very rare in nature. In the Solar System these trans-iron elements represent only roughly 1 atom in every 10 million. The synthesis of about 99\,\% of the nuclei in this mass region can be explained by neutron capture reactions in... | 2024-02-18T23:40:08.003Z | 2009-10-19T11:39:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,412 | 2,742 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7229 | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, the use of wavefunction-based post-Kohn--Sham or post-Hartree--Fock methods to solve problems in materials science has proliferated. \cite{muller_wavefunction-based_2012}
This is in part driven by an interest in obtaining precise energies (accurate to within 1mHa) for complex s... | 2024-02-18T23:40:09.165Z | 2019-06-12T02:06:26.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,480 | 4,892 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7334 | \section{Introduction}
Engineering strong photon-photon interactions \citep{chang14} is important in numerous areas such as quantum information processing and computing \citep{ultracoldatoms}. To achieve that, strong coupling between light and matter at the quantum level is often required. For this matter, different ap... | 2024-02-18T23:40:09.558Z | 2017-05-23T02:09:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,499 | 7,763 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7421 | \section{\hspace{-6pt}Introduction}
\vspace{-12pt}
The interest for quantum magnetism has grown recently together with the possibility to simulate a huge variety of
spin models with ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices \cite{Jaksch2005,bookLewenstein}.
The magnetic properties of the gas derive from their low-e... | 2024-02-18T23:40:09.927Z | 2017-07-18T02:12:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,513 | 5,815 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7658 | \section{Introduction}
Particulate matter suspended in fluids is a common feature of turbulent flows encountered in industrial devices as well as the environment. Typical examples range from combustion processes in diesel engines and gas turbines \cite{Engineering2,lee2002morphological}, ash or aerosols expelled from v... | 2024-02-18T23:40:10.978Z | 2017-02-07T02:07:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,557 | 11,771 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7670 | \section{Introduction}
In the initial design of the CLS, as shown in figure \ref{fig:CLS}, a high pressure to low pressure [HPLP] diaphragm based device was used to regulate, the high pressure (100 Kpa) from the storage tank to low pressure (200 pa) feeding to the RPCs. Due to continuous atmospheric pressure variation ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:11.031Z | 2017-02-07T02:11:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,560 | 715 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7782 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Quantum key distribution (QKD) \cite{1,2}, as one of the most prominent application of quantum information sciences, allows two distant parties to share a common secret key, where the security is guaranteed by the fundamental laws of quantum physics \cite{3,4}. Continuous-variable (CV) QKD encode... | 2024-02-18T23:40:11.436Z | 2021-12-02T02:11:11.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,584 | 5,299 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7809 |
\section{Research Methods}
\end{document}
\endinput
\subsection{Markov Decision Process (MDP)\label{subsec:mdp-preliminaries}}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{figures/mdp}
\caption{The agent-environment interaction in a Markov decision process.}
\label{fig:agent-environ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:11.573Z | 2022-02-15T02:52:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,591 | 15,115 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7943 | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of broad emission lines in the
polarized spectrum of a number of Seyfert 2 galaxies,
has provided the first observational evidence in favour of the unified model
which states that the main discriminating parameter between the two Seyfert
(Sey) types is the inclination of our lin... | 2024-02-18T23:40:11.980Z | 1998-11-04T15:02:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,618 | 9,293 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8070 | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.491Z | 1998-11-27T07:53:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,653 | 2 | ||
proofpile-arXiv_065-8248 | \section{Introduction}
One of the fundamental open problems of AGN research is the dichotomy
between radio-loud and radio-quiet (RL/RQ) AGNs. While in both cases
the ultimate source of power is thought to be accretion onto a massive
black hole (Antonucci 1993; Urry \& Padovani 1995), the two classes
exhibit subtle but... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.005Z | 1998-11-08T22:04:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,687 | 2,235 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8380 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
The anisotropy in the
microwave background \cite{Smo77} has suggested the existence
of a preferred frame $\Sigma$ which sees an isotropic background and
of a corresponding anisotropy in the
one-way velocity of light, when measured in our system $S$, which
moves with
respect to $\S... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.362Z | 1998-11-03T12:15:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,721 | 2,359 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8445 |
\section{Cosmic Chills and Universal Truths}
Early assessment of the small-scale random motions of galaxies, estimated
on the basis of pairwise velocity dispersions, revealed that locally the
Universe is rather cold. While we participate in a bulk flow of
approximately $600 \hbox{km/s}$, the random velocities with ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.621Z | 1998-11-25T19:02:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,734 | 2,220 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8451 | \section{Introduction}
Soliton equations are known as non-linear partial differential equations
with infinite dimensional symmetry. For example, KP (Kadomtzev Petviashvili)
hierarchy has $GL_{\infty}$-symmetry and KdV (Korteweg-de Vries) hierarchy has
$\mbox{$\hat{\gtsl}$}_2$-symmetry. Their solutions can be realized... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.650Z | 1998-10-30T09:27:07.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,735 | 5,040 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8536 | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with maximally extended ($N=4$)
supersymmetry in four dimensions has long been known to have some very
interesting properties. In particular, it is ultra-violet finite and hence
superconformally invariant quantum mechanically \cite{n4}, it admits monopole
s... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.926Z | 1999-06-25T15:00:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,750 | 12,143 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8691 | \section{Introduction}
It is a pleasure to review the observational basis for the Baldwin
Effect (BE). Our meeting is timely for several reasons: the
considerable progress in the field since the discovery of the BE,
improved theoretical understanding of the emission-line region in
quasars and active galactic nuclei (... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.460Z | 1998-11-30T03:34:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,783 | 11,712 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8803 | \section{Introduction}\label{se:intro}
This paper takes place in the stable homotopy category.
A map $X \ra Y$ of spectra is said to be \dfn{phantom} if for every
finite spectrum $V$ and every map $V \ra X$ the composite $V \ra X \ra Y$
is zero.
We write $\Ph(X,Y)$ for the group of all phantom maps from $X$ to $Y$.
T... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.833Z | 1998-11-05T21:46:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,809 | 10,400 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8824 | \section{Introduction}
Nonzero ground state entropy, $S_0 \ne 0$, is an important subject in
statistical mechanics. One physical example is provided by ice, for which
$S_0 = 0.82 \pm 0.05$ cal/(K-mole), i.e., $S_0/R = 0.41 \pm 0.03$, where
$R=N_{Avog.}k_B$ \cite{ice,lp,liebwu}. A particularly simple model exhib... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.887Z | 1998-11-30T00:58:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,815 | 16,995 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8851 | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{}
As the most amazing and even paradoxical one in elementary particles, neutrino
has been known to us for a long time since 1931, when Wolfgang Pauli proposed
a new particle -- very penetrating and neutral -- in $\beta$-dacay.
Nevertheless, we don't know much about neutrino itself.... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.972Z | 1998-11-30T23:11:12.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,825 | 5,166 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8974 | \section{Introduction}
Long before the first gravitational lens was discovered, it had been
shown \cite{refsdal64} that measurement of a time delay between the
images of a lens could be used to calculate the Hubble constant, $H_0$,
independently of any other distance determination to the lens or lensed
object. Thi... | 2024-02-18T23:40:15.384Z | 1998-11-18T17:39:12.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,842 | 7,018 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9243 | \section{The Gamma Matrices}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
In this appendix we give our conventions for the gamma matrices. We
follow closely
the conventions of \cite{green}, however some relabeling of the
coordinates will be required.
The $32\times 32$ gamma matrices are in the Majorana representation
and are purely im... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.304Z | 1998-11-27T10:42:30.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,883 | 472 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9290 | \section{Charged Particle Multiplicity in $b\bar{b}$ Events}
The study of the properties of
the fragmentation of heavy quarks compared to
light quarks offers insights in perturbative QCD. Particularly important is
the difference in charged particle multiplicity between
light quark and heavy quark initiated events i... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.442Z | 1998-11-19T17:09:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,890 | 2,858 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9391 | \section{Introduction}
Nested sampling \citep{Skilling2006} is a numerical method for Bayesian computation which simultaneously provides both posterior samples and Bayesian evidence estimates.
The approach is closely related to Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) \citep{Salomone2018} and rare event simulation \citep{Walter20... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.780Z | 2018-10-09T02:13:17.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,913 | 11,439 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10217 | \section{Introduction}
Chip-firing (also called abelian sandpile model) is a stochastic discrete dynamical system defined on a graph.
Hopkins--McConville--Propp~\cite{HMP} introduced a labeled version of the chip-firing process on the infinite path graph. They showed the remarkable property that when the chips start... | 2024-02-18T23:40:20.134Z | 2021-11-09T02:08:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,094 | 14,254 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10226 |
\subsection{Quantitative Analysis}
For quantitative analysis, we use the official evaluation code for computing the performance of both V-COCO and HICO-DET.
Table~\ref{tab:V-COCO role} and Table~\ref{tab:HICO-DET role} show the comparison of HOTR with the latest HOI detectors including both sequential and parallel ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:20.179Z | 2021-04-29T02:14:32.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,095 | 5,132 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10304 | \section{The Traditional Interpretation of
Logarithms}\label{the-traditional-interpretation-of-logarithms}}
It is common practice in many statistical applications, especially in
regression analysis, to transform variables using the natural logarithm
\(\ln(X)\). This can be done for statistical reasons, for example to ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:20.485Z | 2021-10-07T02:12:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,112 | 5,833 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10307 | \section{Introduction}
Arbitrary-oriented targets are widely distributed in application scenarios like scene text detection and remote sensing object detection~\citep{xia2018dota}.
Detecting oriented targets with anchors without rotation is difficult as targets are always tiny, oblique and densely packed.
Based on t... | 2024-02-18T23:40:20.493Z | 2021-06-08T02:25:57.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,113 | 5,907 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10498 | \section{Introduction}
Statistical mechanics, be it for classical or quantum many-body systems, relies on the reasonable assumption that all microstates of a system
in equilibrium are equally likely to be realized. In order to be correctly described by a statistical ensemble, a system must therefore be
either coupled... | 2024-02-18T23:40:21.737Z | 2010-02-21T19:42:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,157 | 4,765 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10512 | \section{Introduction}
The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is a stochastic interacting particle system
which serves as a paradigmatic model for nonequilibrium behaviour \cite{Spoh91,Ligg99,Gunter}.
The dynamics of this lattice gas model is characterized by the updating law. In one dimension on the... | 2024-02-18T23:40:21.793Z | 2010-03-25T01:01:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,160 | 2,623 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10589 | \section{Definitions and Statement of Main Result}
The \textbf{incidence algebra} of a poset $P,\ $written $I\left( P\right) ,$
is the set of all real-valued functions on $P\times P$ that vanish for
ordered pairs $\left( x,y\right) $ with $x\not\leq $ $y.$ If $P$ is finite, by appropriately labeling the rows and co... | 2024-02-18T23:40:22.054Z | 2010-02-18T14:09:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,173 | 3,582 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10646 | 2024-02-18T23:40:22.277Z | 2010-02-24T15:58:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,186 | 2 | ||
proofpile-arXiv_065-10652 | \section{Introduction}
We consider the interplay between three paradigmatic quantum states of bosons in rotating lattices: Mott insulators, superfluids, and fractional quantum Hall states.
The Mott insulator is found when there is an integer number of particles per lattice site, and the tunneling is sufficiently suppre... | 2024-02-18T23:40:22.303Z | 2010-02-22T14:21:30.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,188 | 4,449 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10692 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
It is well known that string theory provides an ultraviolet completion of supergravity -- there are no ultraviolet divergences in perturbative string theory. Since perturbative quantum supergravity arises as the low energy limit of superstring theory it is of interest to see ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:22.443Z | 2010-02-26T21:20:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,194 | 12,589 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10722 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum field theories (QFTs) on noncommutative (NC) spacetimes are of recent interest, not only in mathematical physics,
but also in particle phenomenology and cosmology. Historically, one of the main reasons for the introduction of NC spacetimes
was the hope for a regularization of the diverg... | 2024-02-18T23:40:22.566Z | 2010-10-22T02:02:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,200 | 2,813 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10757 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we examine how the extremal length and the hyperbolic
length of a measured lamination change along a Teichm\"uller }
\newcommand{\hyp}{{\mathbb H} geodesic. We prove that
these lengths are quasi-convex functions of time. The convexity issues
in Teichm\"uller }
\newcommand{\hyp}{{\... | 2024-02-18T23:40:22.662Z | 2010-02-20T22:10:41.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,208 | 12,242 |
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