id stringlengths 18 42 | text stringlengths 0 2.92M | added stringlengths 24 24 | created stringlengths 20 24 | source stringclasses 4
values | original_shard_dir stringclasses 189
values | original_shard_idx int64 0 311k | num_tokens int64 1 494k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proofpile-arXiv_065-46 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Few-shot object detection (FSOD) \cite{yan2019meta,wang2020frustratingly,xiao2020few,wu2020multi,zhu2021semantic} aims at detecting objects out of base training set with few support examples per class.
It has received increasing attention from the robotics community due to it... | 2024-02-18T23:39:39.986Z | 2022-07-26T02:09:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 7 | 8,522 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-110 | \section{Introduction}
The numerical analysis of elastic shells is a
vast field with important applications in physics and engineering. In most
cases, it is carried out via the finite element method. In the physics and computer
graphics literature, there have been suggestions to use simpler methods based
on discrete... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.213Z | 2021-06-14T02:22:34.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 19 | 15,219 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-129 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{introduction_modified.pdf}
\caption{(a) Each angle of illumination, here labelled as angular axis, corresponds to a time step in an analogous temporal axis. (b) The raw intensity diffraction pattern $\mathbf{g}_n,\:... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.296Z | 2020-07-22T02:14:35.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 21 | 7,788 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-210 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Linear waves in an inviscid, perfectly-conducting fluid
permeated by a uniform magnetic field $\mib{B}_0$
in a frame rotating with rate $\mib{\Omega}$ satisfy the dispersion relation \citep{L54}
\begin{equation}
\omega = \pm \frac{\mib{\Omega}\cdot\mib{k}
\p... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.688Z | 2020-07-22T02:14:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 39 | 6,021 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-296 | \section{Introduction}
Molecular descriptors \cite{ref1} are mathematical quantities that describe the structure or shape of molecules, helping to predict the activity and properties of molecules in complex experiments. In the last few years, several new molecular structure descriptors have been conceived \cite{ref2,re... | 2024-02-18T23:39:40.991Z | 2020-07-22T02:05:21.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 57 | 3,932 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-339 | \subsection{Detection Statistics}
Table 2 lists the 150 H$_2$O maser sites
observed at IRAM in the CS J = 5\to4, 3\to2, and 2\to1 transitions.
Tables 1 and 2 of Paper I list the positions of the masers and
the CS J=7\to6 line parameters or upper limits.
Table 2 of the present paper lists the source names in order of
i... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.182Z | 1996-09-07T01:12:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 67 | 9,574 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-428 | \section{Guidelines}
It is well known that the effects on the physics of a field,
due to a much heavier field coupled to the former, are not detectable at
energies comparable to the lighter mass. More precisely the
Appelquist-Carazzone (AC) theorem~\cite{ac} states that for a Green's function
with only light extern... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.423Z | 1996-09-19T12:32:13.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 84 | 1,524 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-463 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\vspace*{13pt}
\vspace*{6.7truein}
\special{psfile=figa.ps
voffset= 240 hoffset= -40 hscale=50 vscale=50 angle = 0}
\special{psfile=figb.ps
voffset= 240 hoffset= 220 hscale=50 vscale=50 angle = 0}
\special{psfile=figc.ps
voffset= -40 hoffset= 90 hscale=50 vscale=5... | 2024-02-18T23:39:41.543Z | 1996-09-30T23:32:09.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 90 | 736 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-679 | \subsection*{1. Introduction}
The connection of positive knots with transcendental numbers, via the
counterterms of quantum field theory, proposed in~\cite{DK1} and
developed in~\cite {DK2}, and has been vigorously tested against
previous~\cite{GPX,DJB} and new~\cite{BKP} calculations,
entailing knots with up to 11 cr... | 2024-02-18T23:39:42.282Z | 1996-11-18T11:27:03.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 131 | 5,534 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-929 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Spiral waves are spatio-temporal patterns typically found in
distributed media with active elements. They have been
studied extensively for excitable and oscillatory media.
\cite{gen,act} For both types of media, it is conventional
to consider systems with... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.058Z | 1996-09-09T22:09:39.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 179 | 11,992 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1195 | \section{Introduction}
Recently, experiments at the Tevatron collider at Fermilab and
the Large Electron Positron (LEP) collider at CERN have greatly
extended our understanding of the Standard Model (SM).
Several LEP energy upgrades
have been staged on a migration towards LEP190, which will be
replaced by the Large Ha... | 2024-02-18T23:39:43.855Z | 1996-09-15T21:52:27.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 227 | 5,825 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1530 | \section{Introduction and motivation}
Over the past two decades it has become clear that our universe today is in a phase of accelerated expansion driven by an unknown component---the dark energy. Although the cosmological constant provides an almost perfect fit to the observational data and is theoretically the most e... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.160Z | 2019-01-23T02:26:42.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 287 | 17,682 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1592 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we work over the field $\ensuremath\mathds{C}$ of complex numbers. Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety, then the cohomology group of $X$ carries a Hodge structure given by
\[
\ensuremath\mathrm{H}^k(X,\ensuremath\mathds{Z})\otimes \ensuremath\mathds{C} = \bigoplus_{p+q=k} \ensu... | 2024-02-18T23:39:45.409Z | 2019-01-23T02:27:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 295 | 6,729 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-1811 | \section{Introduction}
For a positive integer $\ell$, we denote by $[\ell]$ the set $\{1,\dots,\ell\}$.
Given $k\geq 2$, for a finite set $V$, we use $[V]^k$ to denote the collection of all subsets of $V$ of size $k$.
A \textit{$k$-uniform hypergraph} $H$ ($k$-graph for short) is a pair $H=(V(H),E(H))$ where $V(H)$ is... | 2024-02-18T23:39:46.472Z | 2021-11-30T02:19:31.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 347 | 16,956 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2178 | \section{Introduction}
Granular materials are actually very simple: they consist of a great number
of macroscopic particles interacting only with their neighbours. In case of dry
samples, the sole interactions are hard core repulsion and friction.
However, in spite of their apparent simplicity, their behaviour can be v... | 2024-02-18T23:39:47.932Z | 2005-10-20T09:57:57.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 441 | 3,503 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2198 | \section{Introduction}
The nature and origin of dark energy stand out as two of the great
unsolved mysteries of cosmology. Two of the more popular explanations are
either a cosmological constant $\Lambda$, or a new, slowly rolling scalar
field (a quintessence field). If the solution of the dark energy problem
prove... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.020Z | 2005-10-18T17:59:26.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 443 | 4,204 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2247 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect1} In recent years, the perovskite-related manganites
have attracted tremendous interest, mainly triggered by the
discovery of the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) \cite{cmr}. But
these systems, being governed by many competing interactions
(superexchange, double exchange, charge order... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.164Z | 2005-10-10T14:36:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 453 | 4,060 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2351 | \section{Introduction}
The proximity and the relative simplicity of the Local Group (LG)
Dwarf Spheroidal (dSph) Galaxies make these systems excellent
laboratories to test assumptions regarding the nucleosynthesis of
chemical elements and theories of galaxy evolution. Several
studies addressing the observation of r... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.463Z | 2005-10-06T02:03:44.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 472 | 10,563 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2392 | \section{Introduction and rationale}
The X-ray spectra of radio quiet Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are well represented as one or more broad continuum components with superimposed spectral features due to absorption and emission by the circumnuclear material. The key problem is that the decomposition of the observed sp... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.584Z | 2005-11-01T20:35:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 485 | 11,680 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2515 | \section{Introduction}
In the last few years, the universality of the stellar initial mass function (IMF)
has been questioned by the results of theoretical studies, which consistently predict
that the first stars (hereafter Pop III stars) had characteristic masses of 100-600 ${M_\odot}$
(Omukai \& Nishi 1998; Abel, B... | 2024-02-18T23:39:48.932Z | 2005-10-24T16:41:03.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 500 | 9,088 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2560 | \section{Introduction}
Small-world systems exhibit remarkable cooperation, not found in
complex systems with e.g.\@ an Erd\"os-Renyi
structure. The origins of the appellation `small-world' can be
traced to the now famous experiment by the Harvard social
psychologist Stanley Milgram \cite{milgram}. The outcome of this
... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.072Z | 2005-10-18T20:02:39.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 509 | 6,376 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2630 | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Over the past few years there has been a heightened interest in
testing the statistical properties of Cosmic Microwave Background
(CMB) data. The process has been accelerated by the release of the
WMAP first year results. The WMAP data provide the first ever,
full-sky maps wh... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.293Z | 2005-10-30T17:57:00.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 523 | 5,995 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2631 | \section{Introduction}
The origin of exponential disks has been difficult to observe
directly because the earliest examples of clear spiral galaxies
already have them (O'Neil, Bothun, \& Impey 2000; P\'erez 2004;
Elmegreen, Elmegreen, \& Sheets 2004; Toft et al. 2005).
Exponential disks have also been difficult to mode... | 2024-02-18T23:39:49.295Z | 2005-10-09T04:34:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 524 | 5,423 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2952 | \section{Introduction}
The Vela Pulsar is the brightest object in the sky at 100\,MeV energies
\citep{3EGcatalog}, with emission extending beyond 10\,GeV
\citep{thompson}.
The emission at these energies is totally pulsed \citep{kanbach}.
The pulsar
undergoes large glitches \citep[e.g.,][]{dodson}, and
has one of t... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.283Z | 2005-10-13T04:10:35.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 590 | 7,560 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-2985 | \section{Introduction: what can we learn from the H{\,\small I}\ in nearby radio galaxies
}
There are a number of important aspects of radio galaxies that can be
investigated using observations of neutral hydrogen. Because of sensitivity
limitations of present day radio telescopes, some of these studies are restricted... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.364Z | 2005-10-10T10:48:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 597 | 5,008 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3072 | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
The presence of noise in physical systems is a well known
phenomenon. It is common opinion that noise affecting the dynamics
of a system introduces some degree of instability to the system
itself, but there is evidence that in some cases the noise can
increase the stability of a
... | 2024-02-18T23:39:50.676Z | 2006-10-09T11:55:26.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 617 | 3,538 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3454 | \section{Introduction}
The semiclassical Peierls-Onsager-Lifshitz theory\cite{peierls_substitution,onsager,lifshitz_kosevich} connects experimentally-accessible quantities in magnetic phenomena to Fermi-surface parameters of the solid at zero field. For example, field-induced quantum oscillations of magnetization\cite... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.127Z | 2018-01-10T02:04:37.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 704 | 13,316 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3551 | \section{Introduction}
The following instructions are directed to authors of papers submitted to
and accepted for publication in the EMNLP 2017 proceedings. All authors
are required to adhere to these specifications. Authors are required to
provide a Portable Document Format (PDF) version of their papers. {\textbf Th... | 2024-02-18T23:39:52.498Z | 2017-07-28T02:06:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 729 | 8,202 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3743 | \section{Asymptotic analysis of GS-SVM}\label{sec:gs-svm_proof}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth,height=0.3\textwidth]{gssvm_delta_2_edited_noaxis.pdf}
\end{center
\caption{Visualizing the Gaussian mixture model of Section \ref{sec:generalization} with $K=2$ imbalanced groups ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:53.755Z | 2021-11-09T02:32:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 762 | 36,394 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3824 |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\input{sections/intro.tex}
\section{Preliminaries} \label{sec:preliminaries}
\input{sections/preliminaries.tex}
\section{Multi Copy Atomic model} \label{sec:mca}
\input{sections/mca_intro.tex}
\section{\textsl{C11}\xspace Memory Model Semantics} \label{sec:c11 hb}
\input{sec... | 2024-02-18T23:39:54.074Z | 2021-05-28T02:26:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 774 | 117 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3928 |
\section{Background}\label{sec:background}
\input{steadystate}
\input{jmh}
\input{dyn-reconfig}
\newpage
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion}
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on Java steady state performance assessment.
Through a rigorous assessment, we showed that Java microbenchmarks do not ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:54.598Z | 2022-10-03T02:11:37.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 792 | 22,419 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-3969 |
\section{Default Notation}
\section{Introduction}
\looseness=-1Neural Networks (NN) learn to transform high dimensional data into meaningful representations that are helpful for solving downstream tasks. Typically, these representations are seen as elements of a vector space, denoted as latent space, ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:54.811Z | 2022-10-03T02:13:19.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 801 | 12,811 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4132 | \section{Introduction}
The electronic property in a stack of two-dimensional (2D) materials sensitively depends
on the relative twist angle $\theta$ between the adjacent layers,
and we often have dramatic angle-dependent phenomena which are
never observed in an isolated layer.
The best known example is the twisted ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.510Z | 2019-06-10T02:05:11.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 836 | 4,894 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4153 | \section{Introduction}
There is rising interest in employing robots such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for search and rescue operations. Locating injured victims early is crucial to reduce suffering and mortality rates, and UAVs have the potential to search large areas quickly. Emergency services have begun experi... | 2024-02-18T23:39:55.603Z | 2019-03-26T01:41:27.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 840 | 6,967 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4295 | \section{Background and introduction}
The aim of this paper is to solve the following tensor problem
\begin{equation}\label{eq1}
{\mathcal{M}} (\mathscr{X}) = \mathscr{C},
\end{equation}
where ${\mathcal M}$ is a linear operator that could be described as
\begin{equation}\label{eq2}
{\mathcal M} (\mathscr{X}) = \ma... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.196Z | 2020-06-15T02:15:39.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 873 | 10,442 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4434 | \section{Introduction and summary}
One of the most exciting developments the past few years, is the discovery of exactly solvable models of quantum gravity, starting with Kitaev's SYK models \cite{Kitaevtalks,*Sachdev:1992fk,*Polchinski:2016xgd,*Maldacena:2016hyu}, going through bulk Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity \ci... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.748Z | 2021-02-08T02:17:45.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 904 | 30,281 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4440 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The last decade has witnessed the success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in various artificial intelligence applications, such as computer vision and natural language processing.
In CNNs, convolutional layers perform efficient linear transformation from their input data thr... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.775Z | 2020-06-15T02:15:13.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 905 | 21,828 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4451 | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
The identification of characteristic parameters for bifurcations is one of the key goals of bifurcation theory. For the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation from equilibria to periodic orbits, the most relevant characteristic parameter is the first Lyapunov coefficient, $\sigma_s\in\mathbb{R}... | 2024-02-18T23:39:56.833Z | 2020-10-13T02:01:58.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 908 | 20,520 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4641 | \section{Introduction}
Passage retrieval is an important component in applications
like ad-hoc information retrieval,
open-domain question answering ~\citep{Karpukhin2020DensePR},
retrieval-augmented generation ~\citep{Lewis2020RetrievalAugmentedGF}
and fact verification ~\citep{Thorne2018TheFE}.
Sparse retrieval meth... | 2024-02-18T23:39:57.608Z | 2022-07-07T02:13:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 948 | 5,548 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4714 | \section{Introduction}
Recently there has been observed a big resurgence of interests in
a special class of Einstein field equation solutions representing tunnel-like structures connecting spatially separated regions or even more different Universes,
nowadays called wormholes.
\red{These fascinating objects are not onl... | 2024-02-18T23:39:57.950Z | 2022-07-07T02:13:30.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 959 | 14,182 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-4745 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:introduction}
The origin of planetary systems remains a major challenge to
astrophysical theory. Aside from the quandary of planet formation,
planet survival is also a problem. Planet formation occurs when the
gas disk is still present, and by exchanging angular momentum with ... | 2024-02-18T23:39:58.062Z | 2010-04-14T02:00:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 964 | 4,215 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5173 | \section{Introduction}
An invariant theory of surfaces in the four-dimensional Euclidean
space $\mathbb R^4$ was developed in \cite{GM1} and \cite{GM3} on the
base of the Weingarten map similarly to the classical theory of
surfaces in $\mathbb R^3$.
Let $M^2$ be a surface in $\mathbb R^4$ with tangent space $T_pM^2$ a... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.035Z | 2010-03-02T11:38:54.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,051 | 3,922 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5213 | \section{Introduction}
It is not feasible anymore to expect performance gains for sequential codes by means of continuously
increasing processor clock speeds. Nowadays, processor vendors have been
concentrated on developing systems that group two or more processors onto a
single socket, sharing or not the same memory ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.217Z | 2010-06-01T02:00:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,060 | 6,516 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5250 | \section{Introduction}\label{aba:sec1}
Electromagnetic properties of neutrino are among the key items of
modern particle physics (see \cite{GiuStu09} for a recent review).
It seems quite natural that a massive neutrino would have nonzero
diagonal or transition magnetic moment. If a neutrino has
non-trivial electromagne... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.447Z | 2010-03-02T17:58:12.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,071 | 1,783 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5273 | \section{Introduction}
Conformal mapping is often presented as a method for simplifying mathematical problems in two dimensions. Liouville's theorem \cite{DEB} in fact shows that higher dimensional conformal maps are possible but must be composed of translations, similarities, orthogonal transformations and inversions.... | 2024-02-18T23:40:00.560Z | 2010-03-03T02:18:14.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,076 | 2,578 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5534 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
Let $n>m$ and let $A$ be a real $(m\times n)$-matrix
of rank $m$. The kernel of such a matrix has the
dimension $n-m$ and hence can, in dependence of the
dimensions, be a large subspace of the $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Nevertheless, the set... | 2024-02-18T23:40:01.696Z | 2022-02-22T02:23:37.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,125 | 7,949 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5642 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum technologies are a fast developing scientific and industrial field \cite{DowlingPTRSA2003}. They have been already implemented in several different platforms, as for instance photonic circuits \cite{OBrienNatPhot2009,WangNatPhot2020}, but also Rydberg atoms \cite{AdamsReview2020}, superc... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.130Z | 2022-02-10T02:25:51.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,144 | 3,536 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5700 | \section{Introduction}
Swampland conjectures provide predictions for theories that are consistently coupled to gravity \cite{Vafa:2005ui,Ooguri:2006in,Palti:2019pca}. They can be seen as the imprint of the underlying quantum theory of gravity on the effective gravitational description at low energies. These prediction... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.394Z | 2022-10-24T02:02:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,154 | 19,493 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5718 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Recent technological advances have empowered computers to reason and perform activities once attributed to human beings only, such as writing, speaking, and even helping with decisions like the best route on a trip or the most appropriate drugs for treating a specific di... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.478Z | 2022-09-19T02:17:11.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,157 | 16,230 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5781 | \section{Introduction}
Shape changes (morphodynamics) are one of the principal mechanisms through which individual cells interact with their environment \cite{yin2014cells, bodor2020cell}. These dynamics arise from the interplay between a multitude of molecules and complex signalling pathways that often organise with... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.761Z | 2022-04-11T02:01:53.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,170 | 10,152 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-5790 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
Most galaxies, including our own, host a MBH at its center \citep[e.g.][]{Kormendy+95,Ghez+00,Ghez+08,Kormendy+Ho}. Around these MBHs are the incredibly dense structures composed of stars and stellar remnants, called nuclear star clusters (NSCs).
Both theoretical and observa... | 2024-02-18T23:40:02.818Z | 2022-04-11T02:00:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,173 | 9,218 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6040 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
\subsection{Measurements of Rapidity Gaps at the Double Diffraction Dissociation}
The recent measurement of diffraction gaps in ATLAS \cite{atlas} has shown that the behavior of their distribution has different character in the different gap ranges. The histogram at the large val... | 2024-02-18T23:40:03.996Z | 2019-09-19T02:17:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,228 | 1,286 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6089 | \section{Introduction}
Planning under uncertainty is a central problem in robotics. The space of
current methods includes several contenders, each with different simplifying
assumptions, approximations, and domains of applicability. This is a natural
consequence of the fact that the challenge of dealing with the con... | 2024-02-18T23:40:04.214Z | 2019-09-19T02:18:46.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,242 | 7,513 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6470 | \section{Introduction}
The complete automation of the 1-loop calculations for LHC and ILC physics
is nowadays a feasible task~\cite{nlopapers}.
The advent of the OPP reduction method~\cite{opp},
together with the concept of multiple cuts~\cite{britto},
allowed to revitalize the
Unitarity Techniques~\cite{unitarity},... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.664Z | 2010-10-04T02:02:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,311 | 11,630 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6472 | \section{Introduction}
Nematic elastomers are formed by crosslinking nematic polymers. Such molecules order orientationally
because of rod-like elements incorporated in their main chains (MC polymers) or pendant as side
chains (SC). In both cases orientational order induces the backbones to change their mean shapes
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.670Z | 2009-10-20T18:36:03.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,312 | 1,883 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6510 | \subsection{Gersten-Bloch-Ogus-Kato complexes}\label{sect0-1}
For a scheme $X$ and a positive integer $n$ invertible on $X$, denote by $\bZ/n(1) = \mu_n$ the \'etale sheaf on $X$ of $n$-th roots of unity, and let $\bZ/n(r) = \mu_n^{\otimes r}$ be the $r$-fold Tate twist, defined for $r \in \mathbb Z$. As usual, we let
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:05.776Z | 2009-10-21T01:58:40.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,322 | 35,056 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6563 | \section{Introduction}
Jet correlation measurements at the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider show a striking increase in the yield of associated particles in a narrow range in relative azimuthal angle near $\phi\approx 0$ \cite{Putschke:2007mi}. This region of enhanced particle production is called a ridge bec... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.004Z | 2009-10-30T21:45:07.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,331 | 7,380 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6565 | \section{Introduction}
Collimated, bipolar outflows accompany the birth of young stars from the
earliest stages of star formation to the end of their accretion phase
\citep[e.g.][]{reipurth2001}. While the birth of isolated low-mass stars is
becoming well understood, the formation of massive stars ($>10 \msun$) an... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.021Z | 2009-10-16T00:59:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,332 | 15,256 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6620 | \section{Introduction}
Let $A_{i}, i=1,\ldots,n$ be positive semidefinite matrices, $\lambda_{i}>0$
with $\sum_{i=1}^{n}\lambda_{i}=1$ and $\ensuremath{\operatorname{Id}}:\ensuremath{\mathbb R}^N\rightarrow\ensuremath{\mathbb R}^N$ be the identity mapping. For
$$\ensuremath{\boldsymbol{A}}=(A_{1},\ldots,A_{n}),\quad
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.265Z | 2009-10-19T23:24:26.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,345 | 7,220 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6665 | \section{Introduction}
A real number $\xi$ is called a \textit{Liouville number}, if for any positive real number $w$ there exist infinitely many rational numbers $p/q$, with $q\geq 1$, such that
\begin{center}
$0<\left|\xi - \dfrac{p}{q}\right|<\dfrac{1}{q^w}$.
\end{center}
Transcendental number theory began in 1844 ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.468Z | 2009-10-20T00:28:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,355 | 1,887 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6736 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
All topological spaces mentioned here are Hausdorff. As is traditional
in general Banach space theory, Banach spaces we mention
are considered as real Banach spaces even though nothing essential changes in the
context of complex spaces. Throughout let $K$ stand for an infinite compac... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.727Z | 2009-11-03T08:57:06.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,370 | 8,878 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-6756 | \section{Introduction}
The standard model (SM) of particle physics successfully
explains almost of all the experimental results
around the electroweak scale.
Nevertheless, the SM suffers from several problems and
this fact strongly motivates us to explore physics beyond the SM.
One of them is the so-called hiera... | 2024-02-18T23:40:06.804Z | 2009-10-20T06:52:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,375 | 5,081 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7033 | \section{Introduction}
Class field theory is a pillar of algebraic number theory; it is mostly concerned with classifying finite abelian extensions of a fixed local or global field $K$. Similarly, abelian covers of a fixed Riemann surface $X$ can be classified in terms of its first homology group $H_1(X,\mathbb{Z})$, ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:08.303Z | 2019-06-12T02:01:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,431 | 29,500 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7377 | \section{Introduction}
During the past decade, crowd employment has emerged as a new form of short term and flexible employment.
Crowd employment has been defined as a type of employment which ``uses an online platform to enable organisations or individuals to access an indefinite and unknown group of other organisat... | 2024-02-18T23:40:09.745Z | 2017-05-23T02:14:25.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,508 | 6,166 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7632 | \section{Introduction}
The effectiveness of the Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) has been demonstrated for various computer vision tasks such as image classification \cite{He2015a,Krizhevsky2012,Szegedy2015,Simonyan2015a}, object detection \cite{Girshick2014,Girshick2015,Ren2015}, semantic-segmentation \cit... | 2024-02-18T23:40:10.879Z | 2017-02-07T02:08:55.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,550 | 5,680 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7658 | \section{Introduction}
Particulate matter suspended in fluids is a common feature of turbulent flows encountered in industrial devices as well as the environment. Typical examples range from combustion processes in diesel engines and gas turbines \cite{Engineering2,lee2002morphological}, ash or aerosols expelled from v... | 2024-02-18T23:40:10.978Z | 2017-02-07T02:07:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,557 | 11,771 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-7790 | \section{Introduction}
The Atiyah-Singer (AS) index theorem \cite{Atiyah:1963zz} on a closed manifold without boundary $X$,
\begin{align}
{\rm Ind} (D)=
\frac{1}{32\pi^2}\int_{X} d^4x \epsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}{\rm tr}[F^{\mu\nu}F^{\rho\sigma}],
\end{align}
is well-known and appreciated in physics.
The number of chi... | 2024-02-18T23:40:11.458Z | 2021-12-22T02:09:09.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,586 | 3,714 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8036 | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
{\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.349Z | 1999-02-10T13:06:49.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,642 | 27,910 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8054 | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\def | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.438Z | 1999-02-16T13:33:07.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,646 | 13 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8106 | \section{Introduction}
{\it Introduction}.---Despite much experimental evidence of
pseudogap phenomena
in the underdoped cuprates, their microscopic mechanism is not
understood.\cite{randeria97}
However, a pairing precursor as the origin of the pseudogap is one
prominent possibility.\cite{exp}
An active endeavor has... | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.572Z | 1999-01-18T21:52:25.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,658 | 3,193 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8147 | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation
under grant PHY/94-07195 and NASA under grant NAGW-931, and GF
acknowledges discussions at the Institute for Theoretical Physics
Program on Astrophysical Turbulence, April-June, 2000.
| 2024-02-18T23:40:12.690Z | 2000-10-09T05:07:11.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,664 | 43 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8220 | \section{Introduction}
There has recently been considerable interest in the Galactic
evolution of the abundances of the light elements Li, Be and B
(Feltzing \& Gustafsson 1994; Reeves 1994; Cass\'e et al. 1995;
Fields et al. 1994,1995; Ramaty et al. 1996,1997; Vangioni-Flam et
al. 1998). The Be abundance is ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.910Z | 1998-11-30T19:50:33.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,677 | 10,035 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8222 | \section{Introduction}
\qquad The gravitational effects of quantum fields in black hole spacetimes
has long been studied. Since Hawking's discovery that black holes radiate
\cite{ref:hawkevap} much interesting work has been done in this area.
Quantities of interest include the expectation value $\langle\phi^{2}\rang... | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.915Z | 1998-11-18T22:24:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,679 | 3,717 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8226 | \section{Introduction}
At the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) the KARMEN collaboration
is studying neutrino-nuclear reactions, induced from the decay
products of positive pions, which are produced and stopped in the
proton beam dump. In 1995 KARMEN for the first time
reported~\cite{armbruster:1995} an anomaly in t... | 2024-02-18T23:40:12.926Z | 1998-11-15T14:47:32.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,681 | 2,717 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8264 | \section{Introduction}
Since its very origins, the exact renormalization group (ERG)
\cite{KW,SW,WH,JP} has proved to be a powerful tool for studies of
non-perturbative effects in quantum field theory (see recent
reviews in \cite{YK,TM1}).
A particularly interesting case is that of an effective scalar
field theory... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.053Z | 1998-11-16T17:26:23.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,693 | 3,725 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8346 | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph*{}
The motivation for the investigation of the domain
walls$^{\cite{um}}$ evolution stems for inflationary
universes$^{\cite{dois}}$. The physical motivation to investigate
charged domain walls$^{\cite{tres}}$ and domain walls with spinning
particles$^{\cite{quatro}\cite{cinco}}$ were... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.279Z | 1998-11-05T13:01:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,711 | 1,962 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8424 |
\section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of the Jones polynomial \cite{Jones:85}, several
new invariants of knots, links and tangles have become available due to
the development of sophisticated mathematical techniques. Among these,
the quantum algebras as defined by Drinfeld \cite{Drinfeld:87} and
Jimbo \cite{Jimb... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.519Z | 1998-11-25T08:08:50.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,732 | 10,519 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8462 | \section{Introduction}
According to the standard scenarios of cosmology, the hydrogen
becomes neutral at $z\simeq 10^{3}$.
The absence of Ly$\alpha$ trough in quasar spectra, however, severely
constrains the neutral fraction of the uniformly distributed intergalactic
medium at $z<5$.
This fact indicates that the hyd... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.693Z | 1998-11-19T16:36:52.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,737 | 5,314 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8463 | \section{Introduction}
A number of the experiments being performed at the Thomas Jefferson
National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) involve the elastic and
inelastic scattering of electrons off the deuteron at space-like
momentum transfers of the order of the nucleon mass. In building
theoretical models of these processe... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.696Z | 1998-11-03T05:53:17.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,738 | 7,018 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8506 | \section{Introduction}
Superstring theories are powerful candidates for the unification
theory of all forces including gravity.
The supergravity theory (SUGRA) is effectively constructed from
4-dimensional
(4D) string model using several methods \cite{ST-SG,OrbSG,OrbSG2}.
The structure of SUGRA is constrained
by gau... | 2024-02-18T23:40:13.831Z | 1998-11-19T06:07:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,746 | 5,241 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8719 | \section{Introduction}
The production mechanism\footnotetext{Talk at the Fourth Workshop
on Quantum Field Theory Under the Influence of External Conditions,
Leipzig, 14--18 September, 1998} of the intense flashes of light
which occur at the end of
bubble collapse in sonoluminescence remains mysterious.\cite{review}
A ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.572Z | 1998-11-19T08:48:25.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,789 | 2,738 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8790 | \section{Introduction}
$\quad$In considering problems of mathematical physics with definite spatial
and/or dynamical symmetries, one commonly uses various decompositions
of vector fields over scalar potentials. These decompositions supplement
the famous Helmholtz theorem and reduce its ``gauge freedoms''.
Let $\exist... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.788Z | 1998-11-13T13:15:18.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,806 | 4,733 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8824 | \section{Introduction}
Nonzero ground state entropy, $S_0 \ne 0$, is an important subject in
statistical mechanics. One physical example is provided by ice, for which
$S_0 = 0.82 \pm 0.05$ cal/(K-mole), i.e., $S_0/R = 0.41 \pm 0.03$, where
$R=N_{Avog.}k_B$ \cite{ice,lp,liebwu}. A particularly simple model exhib... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.887Z | 1998-11-30T00:58:36.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,815 | 16,995 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8849 |
\section{Introduction}
In his provoking classic, {\em Chance and Necessity\/}
\cite{monod:71}, Jacques Monod expressed the belief that a
``universal theory'', despite anticipating the appearance of certain
{\em classes\/} of objects (such as galaxies, planetary systems,
molecules, atoms, and the like), would not be ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:14.965Z | 1998-11-19T00:14:38.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,824 | 12,865 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-8869 | \section{Introduction}
Traditional shell-model studies
have recently received a renewed
interest through large scale shell model calculations
in both the $1p0f$ shell and the $2s1d0g_{7/2}$ shells with
the inclusion of the $0h_{11/2}$ intruder state as well.
It is now therefore fully possible to perform large-scal... | 2024-02-18T23:40:15.030Z | 1998-11-30T09:11:30.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,829 | 22,743 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9056 | \section{Introduction}
It is widely accepted that the disk instability model (DIM) provides
the correct description of dwarf nova outbursts (e.g Bath \& Pringle
1982, Smak 1984, Lin, Papaloizou \& Faulkner 1985, Cannizzo 1993a) and
probably of soft X-ray transient events (van Paradijs \& Verbunt 1984,
Mineshige \& Whe... | 2024-02-18T23:40:15.647Z | 1998-11-12T02:06:05.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,850 | 10,544 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9111 | \section{Analytic results}
The Dirac-Kogut-Susskind operator of QCD at finite chemical potential can be
written as
\begin{equation}\label{1}
2 \Delta = 2mI + e^\mu G + e^{-\mu} G^\dagger + V
\end{equation}
\noindent
where $G$ ($G^+$) contains all forward (backward) temporal links and V all
space-like links.
The ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:15.841Z | 1998-11-26T11:23:30.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,858 | 2,731 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9117 |
\section{Introduction}
Feynman \cite{Fey82} pointed out that a Turing machine
cannot simulate a quantum mechanical process efficiently and
suggested that a computing machine
based on quantum mechanics might be more powerful than Turing machines.
Deutsch introduced quantum Turing machines \cite{Deu85} and
quantum c... | 2024-02-18T23:40:15.862Z | 2000-12-26T16:43:10.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,860 | 10,216 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9171 | \section{Introduction}
The Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS; \cite{class}) is a large-scale
survey for gravitational lenses among flat-spectrum radio sources.
The primary goals of CLASS are to find lenses which may be suitable
for determinations of the Hubble Constant, $H_0$ (e.g., \cite{refsdal};
\cite{bn}), and to ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.025Z | 1998-11-11T00:10:39.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,867 | 8,421 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9173 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{s-intro}
This bi-annual series of workshops is an outstanding opportunity
to focus on the enormous breadth and depth of fundamental physics
accessible from the study of the production and decay
of the tau lepton and the tau neutrino.
At each meeting, we have seen tremendous progress in ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.031Z | 1998-11-25T23:04:48.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,869 | 14,531 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9281 | \section{\label{intro} Introduction}
The high-precision determination of the machine luminosity at
{\sc lep/slc} is an essential ingredient of the success of
precision tests of the electroweak interactions on top of the $Z$
resonance \cite{review}.
As well known, the Bhabha scattering process at small angle (of the
... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.419Z | 1998-11-23T12:27:04.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,889 | 8,549 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9347 | \section{Introduction}
The use of the Baldwin et al. (1981) or Veilleux \& Osterbrock (1987) diagnostic
diagrams generally yields an immediate classification of the nuclear
emission-line clouds; ``transition objects'' exist however, which cannot be
classified unambiguously from their line ratios (Heckman et al. 1983... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.613Z | 1998-11-20T23:31:02.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,908 | 22,141 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9361 | \section{Introduction}
An important problem of nowadays high energy physics is searching
for deviation from the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particles
which may appear due to heavy virtual states entering the extended
models and having the masses much greater than the W-boson mass
$m_W$ \cite{1}. One of approache... | 2024-02-18T23:40:16.672Z | 1998-11-10T13:02:15.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,911 | 4,492 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9488 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The inner few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way, known as the ``Central Molecular Zone" (CMZ), contains $\sim$\,80\,per cent of the Galaxy's dense molecular gas (2\,-\,6\,$\times10^{7}$\,{\rm M$_\odot$}; \citealp{morris_1996}). The conditions within this region are extreme compared ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:17.185Z | 2017-04-13T02:02:47.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,935 | 17,816 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9662 | \section{Introduction}
Let k be an algebraically closed field in characteristic $p > 0$, and
let $\varphi : S \longrightarrow B$ be an elliptic surface
with Kodaira dimension $\kappa (S) = 1$ over $k$.
Let $K_{S}$ be a canonical
divisor of $S$. We consider the multicanonical system $\vert mK_S \vert$.
In Katsura-Ueno ... | 2024-02-18T23:40:17.781Z | 2017-04-13T02:02:22.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,968 | 1,801 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9707 | \section{Introduction and Preliminaries}
\label{intro}
To understand the current accelerating expansion history of the universe, mainly two different approaches are
considered. The first one is to introduce some dark energy fluid in the framework of general relativity, while the later
introduces some modifications int... | 2024-02-18T23:40:17.975Z | 2018-02-15T02:04:05.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 1,977 | 4,632 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9796 | \section{Introduction}
The field of radio astronomy is growing rapidly. Since the year 2000, the number of known radio sources has grown from a few hundred thousand to over two million. This is expected to increase further to 70 million with the development of the ASKAP-EMU~\cite{johnston2008science} telescope, and bey... | 2024-02-18T23:40:18.294Z | 2022-11-29T02:26:38.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,005 | 4,911 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9829 | \section{Introduction}
Spectral imaging technologies have rapidly evolved during the past decades. The light captured by the camera sensor contains information across a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which can potentially be used to identify the texture and the material / molecular composition of any given... | 2024-02-18T23:40:18.416Z | 2022-11-29T02:26:24.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,012 | 4,617 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-9936 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Coupled nonlinear oscillators constitute an excellent framework to unravel and understand a plethora of intriguing collective dynamics/patterns
observed in a wide variety of natural systems~\cite{Kuramoto:1984,winfree,Strogatz:2000,Pikovsky:2001,Acebron:2005}. In particular, t... | 2024-02-18T23:40:18.977Z | 2022-03-08T02:38:43.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,030 | 7,898 | |
proofpile-arXiv_065-10035 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper,
we are interested in a kind of semilinear wave equations with the inverse-square potential
and small, spherically symmetric initial data, which has the form
\begin{Eq}\label{Eq:U_o}
\begin{cases}
\partial_t^2 U -\Delta U+Vr^{-2}U=|U|^p, \quad r=|x|,~(t,x)\in{\mathbb{R}}_+\times{... | 2024-02-18T23:40:19.403Z | 2021-11-23T02:15:44.000Z | algebraic_stack_train_0000 | 2,051 | 19,894 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.