| type,startTime,endTime,query,links_found,url,content_length,content,link_idx | |
| tavily_search,0.0,3.4050698280334473,What was the first and last name of the recipient of the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy in 1952?,5.0,,,, | |
| page_scrape,3.4859778881073,3.8572630882263184,,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon_Award_in_Astronomy,1556.0,"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | |
| Awarded by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) to a woman resident of North America | |
| The**Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy** is awarded annually by theAmerican Astronomical Society(AAS) to a woman resident of North America, who is within five years of receipt of aPhD, for distinguished contributions toastronomyor for similar contributions in related sciences which have immediate application to astronomy. The awardee is invited to give a talk at an AAS meeting and is given a $1,500honorarium.[1]The award is named in honor of American astronomerAnnie Jump Cannon. | |
| Margaret Burbidgewas due to be given the 1972 award, but she refused it on the grounds ofgender discrimination, stating: ""It is high time that discrimination in favor of, as well as against, women in professional life be removed"".[2]This prompted the AAS to set up its first committee on the status of women in astronomy[2]and they ceased issuing the award directly. From 1973 to 2004 theAmerican Association of University Womenissued the awards, on advice from the AAS. The AAS resumed direct issuing of the award in 2005. | |
| _Awarded by the AAS_ | _Awarded by the AAUW with advice of AAS_ | _Awarded by the AAS_ | |
| * List of astronomy awards | |
| * List of prizes, medals, and awards for women in science | |
| * AAS Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy. Retrieved 10 December 2014. | |
| * ""Caroline Morley Receives Annie Jump Cannon Award | McDonald Observatory"". | |
| * Science awards honoring women | |
| * Awards established in 1934 | |
| Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy | |
| ",1.0 | |
| page_scrape,3.4872913360595703,5.4993321895599365,,,https://ww2.aip.org/library/the-aas-annie-jump-cannon-award,4582.0,"# The AAS Annie Jump Cannon Award | |
| # The AAS Annie Jump Cannon Award | |
| Annie Jump Cannon | |
| One of the most inspiring figures in the play was Annie Jump Cannon (shown above). She was hired as an assistant to Edward C. Pickering in 1896 at the Harvard College Observatory and worked there for over 40 years. By the time she retired, she had become the William C. Bond Astronomer for the school. Throughout her career, she massively influenced the observation, classification, and cataloging of stars by spectra, or brightness. | |
| Annie Jump Cannon was also an officer for one of the member societies of the American Institute of Physics: the American Astronomical Society (AAS). Furthermore, AAS has an award named after her, which she endowed with money she had earned after winning the Helen Richards Research Prize from the Association to Aid Scientific Research by Women. The Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy is given to women doing outstanding research in their post-doctoral years. | |
| Featuring a few of the recipients of the Annie Jump Cannon Award seemed like the perfect March photos of the month. Join me in exploring ESVA images of some incredible, award-winning astronomers! | |
| Portrait of Charlotte Moore Sitterly, Annie Jump Cannon Award Recipient: 1937. | |
| Elizabeth Lada, Annie Jump Cannon Award Recipient, 1992. | |
| After receiving her BS in Physics from Yale University and her Ph.D in Astronomy from the University of Texas, Elizabeth Lada worked as a postdoc research fellow at the Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and the University of Maryland (Go Terps!). Today, she serves as Professor of Astronomy at the University of Florida! In 1998, she also won the NSF Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers “for ground-breaking exploration and documentation of star forming histories of stellar clusters, development of undergraduate and graduate courses, and outreach to high school girls.” | |
| Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Annie Jump Cannon Award Recipinet, 1934. | |
| Renowned astronomer and astrophysicist Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was the first person to win the Annie Jump Cannon Award. In her doctoral thesis, Payne-Gaposchkin (using Annie Jump Cannon’s data to support her) proposed that the sun and stars were made up of elements different from those that comprise the earth, an idea which was not popular in the 1920’s. Eventually, of course, her theories were proven to be correct! | |
| Beatrice Tinsley, Annie Jump Cannon Award Recipient, 1974. | |
| Astronomer Beatrice Tinsley also went against popular belief by proposing that the universe was not heading towards a “big crunch” (think big bang, but the opposite). This was found to be true years later, when we learned that the universe was not shriveling to its doom, as was believed by many, but is instead ever-expanding (I, for one, am pretty happy about this)! I can’t imagine the courage it took for her to stand her ground and support her claims against one of the biggest names in astronomy at that time, Allan Sandage- and she began doing this during her undergraduate years of study, no less! Despite her early success, Tinsley struggled to find work, but eventually became a Professor of Astronomy at Yale University. If you’d like to read more about Tinsley, and I highly recommend doing so, here is heroral history interview, as well as aNew York Times obituary. | |
| Catharine Garmany, Annie Jump Cannon Award Recipient, 1976. | |
| Catharine Garmany specialized in the study of O- and B-type stars, which are very large, very hot, and eventually explode into supernovas. After receiving the AAS award, Garmany was offered post-doc researcher and associate professor positions. She credits the award as being an important success in her career. Eventually, she went on to earn director positions at the Sommers-Bausch Observatory and the Fiske Planetarium of the University of Colorado. | |
| I also want to share thisPhysics Today articlethat covers the award and why Margaret Burbidge (featured in last month’s PotM) turned it down! Regardless of your stance on the award, it’s worthwhile to celebrate its namesake and recipients, all brilliant women who deserve this recognition and much more. | |
| It was a happy coincidence that I had the privilege to learn about Annie Jump Cannon and all these other remarkable ladies of astronomy during Women’s History month! I challenge you to continue to learn about the contributions to astronomy made by all the other winners of the Annie Jump Cannon Award for the remainder of March! Here is theofficial list of recipients, with some additional details about the award, from AAS. | |
| ",2.0 | |
| page_scrape,3.488036870956421,5.158395051956177,,,https://aas.org/grants-and-prizes/annie-jump-cannon-award-astronomy,1220.0,"# Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy | |
| The Annie Jump Cannon Award is for outstanding research and promise for future research by a postdoctoral woman researcher. It is given to a North American female astronomer within five years of receiving her PhD in the year designated for the award. For example, the recipient of a PhD in 2014 would be eligible for the 2019 award (which must be applied for in calendar year 2018), but not for the 2020 award (which would be applied for in calendar year 2019). Note, however, that suspensions of career progress due to documented family or medical leave may be allowed as a factor in considering a person's eligibility. The Cannon Award includes an honorarium of $1,500 and an invitation to give an invited talk at a meeting of the AAS, for which travel expenses will be paid. | |
| * PhD earned within five years of the award year* | |
| Self-nominations are allowed, and all award requirements must be met at the time of nomination. Nominations are open and are due on 30 June. | |
| **Donate to the Annie Jump Cannon Award Fund** | |
| **Annie Jump Cannon Award Committee** | |
| **Awarded by the AAS** | |
| **Awarded by the AAUW with advice from the AAS** | |
| **Awarded by the AAS** | |
| Annie J. Cannon Award Committee | |
| ",3.0 | |
| page_scrape,3.4887592792510986,4.755541801452637,,,https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2018/05/woman-called-census-taker-sky/,2280.0,"“Oh, be a fine girl — kiss me!” was the mnemonic repeated over and over by the pioneering astronomer Annie Jump Cannon as she classified over 350,000 stars. O, B, A, F, G, K, and M represented the hottest to coolest rankings of stars, as observed by Cannon. On this day in 1922, her stellar classification system was accepted by the International Astronomical Union, and it is still widely used in astronomy today. | |
| Cannon began her career in astronomy as a “computer” for Edward Pickering at the Harvard College Observatory in 1896. “Pickering’s Women” were a group of female workers tasked with computing the optical spectra of stars on glass plates photographed by a team of male astronomers by night. Cannon and the rest of her cohorts were paid factory wages for their tedious work of analyzing and cataloguing thousands of stars despite their prestigious qualifications. | |
| As technological innovation brought more powerful photography, Cannon and her team were able to observe more details regarding star temperatures. The glass plate renderings were not in color; they were made using prisms attached to the lens of a refracting telescope. “Pickering’s Women” observed absorption and emission lines on the plates to classify stars in — originally — an A through Q system. When Cannon was brought into the group, she simplified and rearranged the stellar classification system based on a new understanding of spectra from plates that had just been obtained from the sky of the southern hemisphere. Thus, her “Oh, Be A Fine Girl…” system was born. | |
| _The Country Gentleman_ mentioned Cannon in 1927, after she had received an honorary doctorate from Oxford and was named the first female officer of the American Astronomical Society: “When Miss Annie Jump Cannon, world-famous astronomer, completed her bibliography of variable stars, comprising about 75,000 references, and compiled her catalogue of 225,000 stellar spectra, she was writing of the same stars she had gazed at in her girlhood home at Dover, Delaware.” | |
| It would be a tall order to expect any astronomer to live up to Cannon’s reputation for classifying three stars per minute, but each year, the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy is awarded to a North American woman for significant contributions to the field. | |
| ",4.0 | |
| page_scrape,3.4895987510681152,4.453064918518066,,,https://www.space.com/34707-annie-jump-cannon-biography.html,4017.0,"Annie Jump Cannon examines a photographic plates of the night sky. She created the stellar classification system still used today.(Image credit: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ) | |
| Annie Jump Cannon was a female astronomer best known for coming up with the current system of stellar classification. Her system — ranking stars as O, B, A, F, G, K or M, with ""O"" being the hottest stars and ""M"" the coolest (the sun is a ""G"" star) — is still used today. She also created a saying — ""Oh! Be A Fine Girl – Kiss Me!"" — to help astronomers remember the letter sequence. | |
| Cannon began her career as one of several dozen female ""computers"" – then defined as people who did calculations – hired by Edward Charles Pickering, director of the Harvard College Observatory, to analyze photographic plates of stars — considered unspecialized and tedious work. They were largely unrecognized in their time, but are becoming better-known today for their fundamental contributions to astronomy. [Related: Harvard's 'Computers': The Women Who Measured the Stars] | |
| ## Cannon's career | |
| Cannon was born in December 1863 and studied physics and astronomy at Wellesley College before graduating in 1884. After pursuing other things for a few years – such as photography – she did more advanced studies in astronomy at Wellesley and the Harvard-affiliated female institution, Radcliffe College,according to Britannica. | |
| Cannon joined the group then called ""Pickering's Harem"" (which would be considered a derogatory term today) in 1896, where she and others worked on better classifying star spectra on photographic plates. A member of the group, Williamina Fleming, came up with a classification system ranging from letters A to Q based on how strong their hydrogen spectral lines were, Britannica added. This work was refined by another Harvard computer, Antonia Maury. | |
| ""Cannon simplified two earlier schemes into one that astronomers still use today. Her classification had just seven letters arranged by decreasing temperature: OBAFGKM,"" wroteAir and Space Smithsonianof her work. ""Over the course of her life, Cannon classified the spectra of over 350,000 stars — legend has it that she could look at any stellar spectra and classify it in just three seconds."" | |
| Her work was published in nine volumes of the Henry Draper Catalogue between 1918-1924,according to Harvard. She also made the Harvard Catalogue of Variable Stars. By 1911, Pickering wanted Cannon to be the curator of astronomical photographs, but the Harvard president of the time refused to add her to the staff list, Harvard added. | |
| Cannon's appointment was finally made official in 1938. She won multiple awards, including the Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences. Cannon retired in 1940 and continued doing research until she died the following year. | |
| ## Cannon's legacy | |
| While Cannon was one of the more famous female computers at Harvard, critics note that Pickering received much more credit than they did. Pickering was highly decorated in his lifetime,Smithsonian Magazine pointed out, and there are craters named after him on the moon and Mars. Meanwhile, the magazine added, ""Annie Jump Cannon's enduring achievement was dubbed the Harvard – not the Cannon – system of spectral classification."" | |
| Cannon's spectral classification system is still used today – with a variant. The modern Morgan-Keenan spectral classification system still uses the OBAFGKM sequence, but subdivides each star into a luminosity class to more precisely define its type. | |
| One part of Cannon's legacy is an ""Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy"" given by the American Astronomical Society every year to a woman who received her Ph.D. no more than five years ago. Cannon herself established the fund out of prize money she won in her lifetime. The first recipient in 1934 became the first full professor of astronomy at Harvard: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. | |
| More about science astronomy | |
| US Space Force awards $13.7 billion in launch contracts to SpaceX, ULA and Blue Origin | |
| ",5.0 | |
| page_scrape,5.902636528015137,6.747528791427612,,,https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2018/05/woman-called-census-taker-sky/#main,2280.0,"“Oh, be a fine girl — kiss me!” was the mnemonic repeated over and over by the pioneering astronomer Annie Jump Cannon as she classified over 350,000 stars. O, B, A, F, G, K, and M represented the hottest to coolest rankings of stars, as observed by Cannon. On this day in 1922, her stellar classification system was accepted by the International Astronomical Union, and it is still widely used in astronomy today. | |
| Cannon began her career in astronomy as a “computer” for Edward Pickering at the Harvard College Observatory in 1896. “Pickering’s Women” were a group of female workers tasked with computing the optical spectra of stars on glass plates photographed by a team of male astronomers by night. Cannon and the rest of her cohorts were paid factory wages for their tedious work of analyzing and cataloguing thousands of stars despite their prestigious qualifications. | |
| As technological innovation brought more powerful photography, Cannon and her team were able to observe more details regarding star temperatures. The glass plate renderings were not in color; they were made using prisms attached to the lens of a refracting telescope. “Pickering’s Women” observed absorption and emission lines on the plates to classify stars in — originally — an A through Q system. When Cannon was brought into the group, she simplified and rearranged the stellar classification system based on a new understanding of spectra from plates that had just been obtained from the sky of the southern hemisphere. Thus, her “Oh, Be A Fine Girl…” system was born. | |
| _The Country Gentleman_ mentioned Cannon in 1927, after she had received an honorary doctorate from Oxford and was named the first female officer of the American Astronomical Society: “When Miss Annie Jump Cannon, world-famous astronomer, completed her bibliography of variable stars, comprising about 75,000 references, and compiled her catalogue of 225,000 stellar spectra, she was writing of the same stars she had gazed at in her girlhood home at Dover, Delaware.” | |
| It would be a tall order to expect any astronomer to live up to Cannon’s reputation for classifying three stars per minute, but each year, the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy is awarded to a North American woman for significant contributions to the field. | |
| ",4.0 | |
| page_scrape,5.989726305007935,6.390401124954224,,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon_Award_in_Astronomy#bodyContent,1556.0,"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | |
| Awarded by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) to a woman resident of North America | |
| The**Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy** is awarded annually by theAmerican Astronomical Society(AAS) to a woman resident of North America, who is within five years of receipt of aPhD, for distinguished contributions toastronomyor for similar contributions in related sciences which have immediate application to astronomy. The awardee is invited to give a talk at an AAS meeting and is given a $1,500honorarium.[1]The award is named in honor of American astronomerAnnie Jump Cannon. | |
| Margaret Burbidgewas due to be given the 1972 award, but she refused it on the grounds ofgender discrimination, stating: ""It is high time that discrimination in favor of, as well as against, women in professional life be removed"".[2]This prompted the AAS to set up its first committee on the status of women in astronomy[2]and they ceased issuing the award directly. From 1973 to 2004 theAmerican Association of University Womenissued the awards, on advice from the AAS. The AAS resumed direct issuing of the award in 2005. | |
| _Awarded by the AAS_ | _Awarded by the AAUW with advice of AAS_ | _Awarded by the AAS_ | |
| * List of astronomy awards | |
| * List of prizes, medals, and awards for women in science | |
| * AAS Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy. Retrieved 10 December 2014. | |
| * ""Caroline Morley Receives Annie Jump Cannon Award | McDonald Observatory"". | |
| * Science awards honoring women | |
| * Awards established in 1934 | |
| Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy | |
| ",1.0 | |
| page_scrape,6.004058599472046,9.613920211791992,,,https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2018/05/woman-called-census-taker-sky/#q,2280.0,"“Oh, be a fine girl — kiss me!” was the mnemonic repeated over and over by the pioneering astronomer Annie Jump Cannon as she classified over 350,000 stars. O, B, A, F, G, K, and M represented the hottest to coolest rankings of stars, as observed by Cannon. On this day in 1922, her stellar classification system was accepted by the International Astronomical Union, and it is still widely used in astronomy today. | |
| Cannon began her career in astronomy as a “computer” for Edward Pickering at the Harvard College Observatory in 1896. “Pickering’s Women” were a group of female workers tasked with computing the optical spectra of stars on glass plates photographed by a team of male astronomers by night. Cannon and the rest of her cohorts were paid factory wages for their tedious work of analyzing and cataloguing thousands of stars despite their prestigious qualifications. | |
| As technological innovation brought more powerful photography, Cannon and her team were able to observe more details regarding star temperatures. The glass plate renderings were not in color; they were made using prisms attached to the lens of a refracting telescope. “Pickering’s Women” observed absorption and emission lines on the plates to classify stars in — originally — an A through Q system. When Cannon was brought into the group, she simplified and rearranged the stellar classification system based on a new understanding of spectra from plates that had just been obtained from the sky of the southern hemisphere. Thus, her “Oh, Be A Fine Girl…” system was born. | |
| _The Country Gentleman_ mentioned Cannon in 1927, after she had received an honorary doctorate from Oxford and was named the first female officer of the American Astronomical Society: “When Miss Annie Jump Cannon, world-famous astronomer, completed her bibliography of variable stars, comprising about 75,000 references, and compiled her catalogue of 225,000 stellar spectra, she was writing of the same stars she had gazed at in her girlhood home at Dover, Delaware.” | |
| It would be a tall order to expect any astronomer to live up to Cannon’s reputation for classifying three stars per minute, but each year, the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy is awarded to a North American woman for significant contributions to the field. | |
| ",4.0 | |
| page_scrape,6.090081691741943,8.674201965332031,,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon_Award_in_Astronomy#cite_note-1,1556.0,"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | |
| Awarded by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) to a woman resident of North America | |
| The**Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy** is awarded annually by theAmerican Astronomical Society(AAS) to a woman resident of North America, who is within five years of receipt of aPhD, for distinguished contributions toastronomyor for similar contributions in related sciences which have immediate application to astronomy. The awardee is invited to give a talk at an AAS meeting and is given a $1,500honorarium.[1]The award is named in honor of American astronomerAnnie Jump Cannon. | |
| Margaret Burbidgewas due to be given the 1972 award, but she refused it on the grounds ofgender discrimination, stating: ""It is high time that discrimination in favor of, as well as against, women in professional life be removed"".[2]This prompted the AAS to set up its first committee on the status of women in astronomy[2]and they ceased issuing the award directly. From 1973 to 2004 theAmerican Association of University Womenissued the awards, on advice from the AAS. The AAS resumed direct issuing of the award in 2005. | |
| _Awarded by the AAS_ | _Awarded by the AAUW with advice of AAS_ | _Awarded by the AAS_ | |
| * List of astronomy awards | |
| * List of prizes, medals, and awards for women in science | |
| * AAS Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy. Retrieved 10 December 2014. | |
| * ""Caroline Morley Receives Annie Jump Cannon Award | McDonald Observatory"". | |
| * Science awards honoring women | |
| * Awards established in 1934 | |
| Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy | |
| ",1.0 | |
| page_scrape,6.904442071914673,8.62000584602356,,,https://www.space.com/34707-annie-jump-cannon-biography.html#main,4017.0,"Annie Jump Cannon examines a photographic plates of the night sky. She created the stellar classification system still used today.(Image credit: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ) | |
| Annie Jump Cannon was a female astronomer best known for coming up with the current system of stellar classification. Her system — ranking stars as O, B, A, F, G, K or M, with ""O"" being the hottest stars and ""M"" the coolest (the sun is a ""G"" star) — is still used today. She also created a saying — ""Oh! Be A Fine Girl – Kiss Me!"" — to help astronomers remember the letter sequence. | |
| Cannon began her career as one of several dozen female ""computers"" – then defined as people who did calculations – hired by Edward Charles Pickering, director of the Harvard College Observatory, to analyze photographic plates of stars — considered unspecialized and tedious work. They were largely unrecognized in their time, but are becoming better-known today for their fundamental contributions to astronomy. [Related: Harvard's 'Computers': The Women Who Measured the Stars] | |
| ## Cannon's career | |
| Cannon was born in December 1863 and studied physics and astronomy at Wellesley College before graduating in 1884. After pursuing other things for a few years – such as photography – she did more advanced studies in astronomy at Wellesley and the Harvard-affiliated female institution, Radcliffe College,according to Britannica. | |
| Cannon joined the group then called ""Pickering's Harem"" (which would be considered a derogatory term today) in 1896, where she and others worked on better classifying star spectra on photographic plates. A member of the group, Williamina Fleming, came up with a classification system ranging from letters A to Q based on how strong their hydrogen spectral lines were, Britannica added. This work was refined by another Harvard computer, Antonia Maury. | |
| ""Cannon simplified two earlier schemes into one that astronomers still use today. Her classification had just seven letters arranged by decreasing temperature: OBAFGKM,"" wroteAir and Space Smithsonianof her work. ""Over the course of her life, Cannon classified the spectra of over 350,000 stars — legend has it that she could look at any stellar spectra and classify it in just three seconds."" | |
| Her work was published in nine volumes of the Henry Draper Catalogue between 1918-1924,according to Harvard. She also made the Harvard Catalogue of Variable Stars. By 1911, Pickering wanted Cannon to be the curator of astronomical photographs, but the Harvard president of the time refused to add her to the staff list, Harvard added. | |
| Cannon's appointment was finally made official in 1938. She won multiple awards, including the Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences. Cannon retired in 1940 and continued doing research until she died the following year. | |
| ## Cannon's legacy | |
| While Cannon was one of the more famous female computers at Harvard, critics note that Pickering received much more credit than they did. Pickering was highly decorated in his lifetime,Smithsonian Magazine pointed out, and there are craters named after him on the moon and Mars. Meanwhile, the magazine added, ""Annie Jump Cannon's enduring achievement was dubbed the Harvard – not the Cannon – system of spectral classification."" | |
| Cannon's spectral classification system is still used today – with a variant. The modern Morgan-Keenan spectral classification system still uses the OBAFGKM sequence, but subdivides each star into a luminosity class to more precisely define its type. | |
| One part of Cannon's legacy is an ""Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy"" given by the American Astronomical Society every year to a woman who received her Ph.D. no more than five years ago. Cannon herself established the fund out of prize money she won in her lifetime. The first recipient in 1934 became the first full professor of astronomy at Harvard: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. | |
| More about science astronomy | |
| US Space Force awards $13.7 billion in launch contracts to SpaceX, ULA and Blue Origin | |
| ",5.0 | |
| page_scrape,7.005680561065674,11.744894742965698,,,https://www.space.com/stargazing/astronomy-kit/solar-viewing-deals-2025-safely-observe-the-sun-for-less,440.0,"* Today's best solar viewing deals | |
| In ourEclipse Safe Solar Power Viewer review,we awarded these viewers five stars, praising their design and utility. They're a step up from plain solar glasses in that they offer some slight magnification. Plus, you can hand them to young eclipse watchers knowing you won't lose a lot if they're damaged. | |
| I'm going to a huge astronomy expo to see the latest telescope tech this weekend. I won't be alone. | |
| ",5.0 | |