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Validity of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test to Assess Exercise Safety When Initiating Cardiac Rehabilitation in Low-Resource Settings.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) for determining risk stratification in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study at a major CR center in a middle-income country. Clinically stable adult cardiac patients underwent an ISWT and an exercise test (ET), wore a pedometer for 7 d, and completed the Godin-Shepherd Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Metabolic equivalents of task (METs) achieved on the ISWT were calculated.RESULTS: One hundred fifteen patients were evaluated. The mean ± standard deviation distance on the ISWT was 372.70 ± 128.52 m and METs were 5.03 ± 0.62. The correlation of ISWT distance with ET METs (7.57 ± 2.57), steps/d (4556.71 ± 3280.88), and self-reported exercise (13.08 ± 15.19) was rs = 0.61 (P < .001), rs = 0.37 (P < .001), and rs = 0.20 (P = .031), respectively. Distance on the ISWT accurately predicted METs from the ET (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.774). The ability to walk ?410 m on the ISWT predicted, with a specificity of 81.5% and a sensitivity of 65.6%, a functional capacity of ?7 METs on ET.CONCLUSION: The ISWT is an alternative way to evaluate functional capacity in CR and can contribute to the process of identifying patients at low risk for a cardiac event during exercise at moderate intensity.
|
['Cardiac Rehabilitation', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors', 'Walk Test']
| 31,022,005
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.185', 'E02.831.185', 'H02.403.680.600.250', 'N02.421.784.244'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G03.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.370.380.250.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Variable laterality of corticospinal tract axons that regenerate after spinal cord injury as a result of PTEN deletion or knock-down.
|
Corticospinal tract (CST) axons from one hemisphere normally extend and terminate predominantly in the contralateral spinal cord. We previously showed that deleting the gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the sensorimotor cortex enables CST axons to regenerate after spinal cord injury and that some regenerating axons extend along the "wrong" side. Here, we characterize the degree of specificity of regrowth in terms of laterality. PTEN was selectively deleted via cortical adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Cre injections in neonatal PTEN-floxed mice. As adults, mice received dorsal hemisection injuries at T12 or complete crush injuries at T9. CST axons from one hemisphere were traced by unilateral biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) injections in PTEN-deleted mice with spinal cord injury and in noninjured PTEN-floxed mice that had not received AAV-Cre. In noninjured mice, 97.9 ± 0.7% of BDA-labeled axons in white matter and 88.5 ± 1.0% of BDA-labeled axons in gray matter were contralateral to the cortex of origin. In contrast, laterality of CST axons that extended past a lesion due to PTEN deletion varied across animals. In some cases, regenerated axons extended predominantly on the ipsilateral side; in other cases, axons extended predominantly contralaterally, and in others, axons were similar in numbers on both sides. Similar results were seen in analyses of cases from previous studies using short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated PTEN knock-down. These results indicate that CST axons that extend past a lesion due to PTEN deletion or knock-down do not maintain the contralateral rule of the noninjured CST, highlighting one aspect of how the resultant circuitry from regenerating axons may differ from that of the uninjured CST. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2654-2676, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'Pyramidal Tracts', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']
| 26,878,190
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.850', 'D12.776.476.590', 'D12.776.624.776.695'], ['A08.186.854.300', 'A08.612.380.730'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toxigenic V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus
|
Oysters can accumulate potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of these Vibrio species and their toxigenic variants in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico sold in Mexico City. Oyster samples were studied using traditional culture and molecular polymerase chain reaction analysis. V. cholerae was present in 30.4% of the samples and its toxigenic variant chxA+ in 26.1%. It was isolated only in deshelled oysters, mainly in the dry season. V. parahaemolyticus was present in 95.7% of the samples and the toxigenic variant was found in 17.4%. V. vulnificus was identified in 60.9% of the samples, 38% of which corresponded to the environmental genotype and 21.7% to the clinical genotype, mainly in the cold season. Consumption of the oysters analyzed poses health risks due to the presence of Vibrio species, especially in deshelled oysters.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Food Microbiology', 'Genotype', 'Gulf of Mexico', 'Mexico', 'Ostreidae', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Seafood', 'Seasons', 'Vibrio']
| 30,479,158
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G05.380'], ['Z01.756.092.325'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['B01.050.500.644.080.643'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G07.203.300.600.875', 'J02.500.600.875'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['B03.440.450.900.859', 'B03.660.250.830.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Isolation and characterization of islet stellate cells in rat.
|
The central role of PSCs in pancreatic fibrogenesis is well established. However, the mechanism responsible for the islet fibrosis presenting in the late stage of T2DM has not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to determine whether the endocrine pancreatic islets contain cells resembling PSCs. PSCs were isolated from pancreas using standard explants techniques. A similar method was used to acquire ISCs. Adherent ISCs with a stellate, angular morphology migrated from the edge of cultured islets within 48 h of primary culture. ISCs contained fewer lipid droplets than equivalent PSCs, and their rapid disappearance accompanied by the increased expression of á-SMA suggested that ISCs were more rapidly activated than PSCs in vitro. They expressed á-SMA, vimentin, GFAP and were positive for ECM components col-I, col-III and FN, all of which are characteristics of classical PSCs. However, ISCs differed from PSCs by having reduced rates of proliferation and migration in vitro. Our in vitro study shows that isolated islets contain a population of stellate cells which are phenotypically similar but not identical to PSCs. In view of the established role of PSCs in pancreatic fibrosis, we suggest that these may contribute to islet fibrosis in T2DM.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen Type I', 'Collagen Type III', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Fibronectins', 'Fibrosis', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Stellate Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vimentin']
| 25,483,957
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.300', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.300'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.734'], ['A11.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Observations on quality senior health business: success patterns and policy implications.
|
OBJECTIVE: Population ageing is a global issue that affects almost every country. Most ageing researches focused on demand side and studies related to supply side were relatively scarce. This study selected quality enterprises focus on ageing health and analysed their patterns on providing quality services successfully.DESIGN: Our study selected quality senior health enterprises and explored their success patterns through face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with CEO of each enterprise in 2013.SETTING: Thirty-three quality senior health enterprises in Taiwan.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three CEO's of enterprises were interviewed individually.INTERVENTION: None.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Core values and vision, historical development, organization structure, services/products provided, delivering channels, customer relationships and further development strategies.RESULTS: Our results indicated success patterns for senior enterprises that there were meeting diversified lifestyles and substitutive needs for the elderly and their caregivers, providing a total solution for actual/virtual integration and flexible one-stop shopping services. We classified these enterprises by used degree of clicks-and-mortar of services and residing situation of the elderly. Industry characteristics and policy implications were summarized.CONCLUSIONS: Our observations will serve as a primary evidenced base for enterprises developing their senior market, and also for opening dialogue between customers and enterprises to facilitate valuable opportunities for co-creation between the supply and demand sides.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Health Facility Administrators', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Organizational Policy', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Taiwan']
| 26,968,683
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.526.070.490', 'M01.526.485.430', 'N02.360.430'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of different methods of ventilation via cannula cricothyroidotomy in a trachea-lung model.
|
BACKGROUND: Cannula cricothyroidotomy is recommended in recent guidelines as a rescue intervention in the 'cannot-intubate cannot-ventilate' scenario. Several methods of providing ventilation via a cannula cricothyroidotomy have been described, but there are no data comparing these methods and using cannulae of differing diameters.METHODS: Using a bench-top trachea-lung model (comprising a Siemens test lung attached to commercially available breathing system tubing), we compared delivered minute volumes (MVs) for five methods of ventilation administered through cannulae of diameters 20, 16, 14, and 13 G. The ventilation methods were: an ENK oxygen flow modulator, a Manujet, a self-inflating resuscitation bag, the oxygen flush of an anaesthetic machine, and oxygen from a wall-mounted flow meter attached via a three-way tap to the cannula. All experiments were performed with and without a proximal 2.5 mm diameter constriction to simulate partial upper airway obstruction.RESULTS: MVs increased with increasing cannula diameter. In the absence of a proximal constriction, MVs delivered via a 20 G cannula were <1 litre min(-1) with all devices; only the Manujet delivered MVs >2 litre min(-1), at cannula sizes of >or=16 G. MVs were greater in the presence of a proximal constriction, but did not exceed 4 litre min(-1) using the low-pressure devices.CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolated to the clinical situation, these data suggest that low-pressure devices will not deliver adequate MVs via a cannula cricothroidotomy and should no longer be advocated. Purpose-made devices should be available in all areas where anaesthesia is administered or airway interventions are performed.
|
['Airway Obstruction', 'Cricoid Cartilage', 'Humans', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Thyroid Cartilage', 'Tracheostomy']
| 19,797,248
|
[['C08.618.846.185'], ['A02.165.257.625.211', 'A02.165.407.500.211', 'A04.329.591.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['A02.165.257.625.870', 'A02.165.407.500.870', 'A04.329.591.870'], ['E02.041.750', 'E04.579.935', 'E04.580.900', 'E04.928.780']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management in general practice of patients with persistent dyspepsia. A decision analysis.
|
To determine whether an empirical drug treatment strategy (empirical group) instead of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy followed by treatment (conventional group) in patients with persistent dyspepsia increases appropriate use of endoscopy facilities, we did a decision analysis based on data found in the literature. We estimated the percentage of patients having an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 1 year, the percentage of patients with symptom relief, and the average medical costs per patient for both groups. In the empirical group, fewer patients (38%) had upper gastrointestinal endoscopies compared with the conventional group. Furthermore, an additional 5% of patients in the empirical group experienced symptom relief, and the average medical costs per patient were estimated to be 8% less in this group when compared with the patients in the conventional treatment group. The proposed empirical drug treatment strategy for patients with persistent dyspepsia results in the performance of fewer diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies per year with greater effectiveness compared with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy followed by treatment.
|
['Decision Trees', 'Disease Management', 'Dyspepsia', 'Endoscopy', 'Gastroenterology', 'Humans', 'Omeprazole', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,451,663
|
[['G17.162.500'], ['N04.590.607'], ['C23.888.821.236'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['H02.403.429.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.640.074.500', 'D03.383.725.024.500', 'D03.633.100.103.034.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A stress "deafness" effect in European Portuguese.
|
Research on the perception of word stress suggests that speakers of languages with non-predictable or variable stress (e.g., English and Spanish) are more efficient than speakers of languages with fixed stress (e.g., French and Finnish) at distinguishing nonsense words contrasting in stress location. In addition, segmental and suprasegmental cues to word stress may also impact on the ability of speakers to perceive stress. European Portuguese (EP) is a language with variable stress and vowel reduction. Previous studies on EP have identified duration as the main cue for stress. In the present study, we investigated the perception of word stress in EP, both in nuclear (NP) and post-nuclear (PN) positions, by means of three experiments. Experiment I was an ABX discrimination task with stress and phoneme contrasts, without vowel reduction. Experiments 2 and 3 were sequence recall tasks with stress and phoneme contrasts, vowel reduction being added to the stress contrast only in experiment 3. Results showed significantly higher error rates in the stress contrast condition than in the phoneme contrast condition, when duration alone (PN), or duration and pitch accents (NP), are present in the stimuli (experiments I and 2). When vowel reduction is added, EP speakers are able to perceive stress contrasts (experiment 3). The results show that vowel reduction appears to be the most robust cue for stress in EP. In the absence of vowel quality cues, a stress "deafness" effect may emerge in a language with non-predictable stress that combines both suprasegmental and segmental information to signal word stress. These findings have implications for claims of a prosodic-based cross-linguistic perception of word stress in the absence of vowel quality, and for stress "deafness" as a consequence of a predictable stress grammar.
|
['Cues', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phonetics', 'Pitch Discrimination', 'Sound Spectrography', 'Speech Acoustics', 'Speech Perception', 'Speech Production Measurement', 'Time Factors', 'Voice Quality']
| 25,935,937
|
[['F02.463.425.234'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['F02.463.593.071.700.408', 'G07.888.125.700.408'], ['E05.855'], ['G11.561.812.650', 'G11.561.820'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E01.370.760'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.772.925.960']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Electron microscopic study of the kinetics of smallpox vaccine interaction with alveolar macrophages when administered intratracheally].
|
Electron microscopy was applied to the study of the dynamics of endocytosis of smallpox vaccine by alveolar macrophages in intratracheal immunization of guinea pigs; 5 to 15 minutes after administration of smallpox vaccine the viruses were absorbed on the macrophage surface, penetrated into the cells by invagination and vesiculation. A possibility of adaption of smallpox virus in the alveolar macrophages 12 hours after the vaccination was confirmed documentally.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Aerosols', 'Animals', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Immunization', 'Kinetics', 'Macrophages', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Rabbits', 'Smallpox Vaccine', 'Time Factors']
| 948,955
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A04.411.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D20.215.894.899.859'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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Tectorigenin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through downregulation of the Akt and NFêB pathway.
|
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is currently used as the front-line chemotherapeutic agent for several cancers including ovarian carcinoma; however, the drug frequently induces drug resistance through multiple mechanisms. The new strategy of using natural compounds in combination therapies is highly attractive because those compounds may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, we found that tectorigenin, an isoflavonoid isolated from flower of Pueraria thunbergiana, enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of paclitaxel in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells (MPSC1(TR), A2780(TR) and SKOV3(TR)) as well as their naive counterparts. The combination of tectorigenin with paclitaxel resulted in a synergistic apoptosis compared with either agent alone through activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Treatment with tectorigenin inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFêB and the expression of NFêB-dependent genes such as FLIP, XIAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and COX-2, which are known to be associated with chemoresistance. In addition, the tectorigenin-paclitaxel combination inhibited the phosphorylation of IêB and IKK and the activation of Akt in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells. Moreover, tectorigenin-paclitaxel-induced cell growth inhibition was enhanced by pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor LY294002 or overexpression of the dominant negative Akt (Akt-DN), but reduced by overexpression of constitutively activated Akt (Akt-Myr). Furthermore, we found that Akt-Myr, at least in part, reversed tectorigenin-paclitaxel-induced nuclear translocation of NFêB and the phosphorylation of IêB and IKK. These data suggest that tectorigenin could sensitize paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through inactivation of the Akt/IKK/IêB/NFêB signaling pathway, and promise a new intervention to chemosensitize paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoflavones', 'NF-kappa B', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Paclitaxel', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Signal Transduction']
| 23,027,625
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Urethral prolapse in a premenarchal Asian girl.
|
BACKGROUND: Urethral prolapse is an uncommon condition characterized by complete circular eversion of the urethral mucosa through the external meatus.CASE: We present the case of a 9-year-old Asian girl who presented with 3 days of vaginal spotting and a painless vulvar mass. After several unsuccessful attempts of manual reduction, surgery was performed. As a result, the patient had no recurrence or meatal stenosis at the 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION: Urethral prolapse can be clinically diagnosed without laboratory or radiographic evaluation by demonstrating edematous tissue that surrounds the meatus circumferentially. It should not be confused with other causes of vaginal bleeding, including sexual abuse.
|
['Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Prolapse', 'Urethral Diseases', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures', 'Vaginal Diseases']
| 19,155,936
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.842'], ['C12.777.767', 'C13.351.968.767'], ['E04.950.774'], ['C13.351.500.894']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Functional genetic polymorphisms in cytokines and metabolic genes as additional genetic markers for susceptibility to develop type 1 diabetes.
|
Genetic association with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been established for two chromosomal regions: HLA DQ/DR (IDDM1) and INS VNTR (IDDM2). To identify additional genetic markers, we tested polymorphisms in regulatory regions of several cytokine and important metabolic genes. These polymorphisms exhibit functional consequences for expression and function. Functional genetic polymorphisms of proinflammatory (T-helper-1: IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-gamma), anti-inflammatory (T-helper-2: IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) and metabolic (IGF-I, VDR and INS) genes were determined in 206 Dutch simplex families with juvenile onset T1D and the results were analysed using the transmission disequilibrium test. Significantly increased transmission to T1D probands was observed for the loci IDDM1, IDDM2 and the vitamin D receptor. Although none of the other individual polymorphisms was associated with disease individually, the combination of T-helper-2 and metabolic/growth alleles IL-10(*)R2, IL-4(*)C, VDR(*)C and IGF-I(*)wt was found to be transmitted more frequently than expected (67%, P(c)=0.015). We conclude that additional genetic predisposition to T1D is defined by combinations of markers (eg Th2 and metabolic) rather than by a single marker. The consequences of the increased transmission of a low Th2 expressing genotypes together with a normal Th1 profile may result in a net proinflammatory cytokine expression pattern.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cytokines', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Testing', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolism', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 14,735,147
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['G05.330'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In situ monitoring of the DNA hybridization by attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy.
|
In situ monitoring of DNA hybridization kinetics is achieved via an attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) technique using a sandwich assay structure. The synergistic enhancement effect gives this ATR-SEIRAS-based detection strategy promise to be a convenient and unique platform for bioanalysis.
|
['DNA', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Kinetics', 'Methods', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Surface Properties']
| 22,246,240
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.581'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ectopic expression of RET results in microphthalmia and tumors in the retinal pigment epithelium.
|
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential for eye development by interacting with the overlaying neuroepithelium. Regulatory sequences of the gene encoding for tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), linked to the lacZ reporter gene, lead to strong and specific beta-galactosidase expression in the RPE. We asked how the oncogene ret would affect this epithelial cell type during mouse development. We used the TRP-1 promoter to express ret in the developing RPE, and obtained transgenic mouse lines, which showed mild to severe microphthalmia. During development, the RPE changed to a stratified epithelium with reduced or absent pigmentation from E10.5 onward. In addition, proliferation of RPE cells and tumor formation were observed from E12.5 onward. These early events prevent closure of choroid fissure and lead to microphthalmia and secondary malformations after birth. We conclude that ret transgene expression in the RPE prevents normal differentiation of this epithelial layer and induces proliferation and tumor formation. The appearance of the microphthalmic phenotype underlines the requirement of a normally developed RPE for eye development.
|
['Animals', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Eye Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Lac Operon', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microphthalmos', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 9,935,163
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['C04.588.364', 'C11.319'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C11.250.566', 'C16.131.384.666'], ['D08.811.682'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.087', 'D12.776.395.550.200.188.500', 'D12.776.543.131.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.217', 'D12.776.624.664.700.194'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lead (Pb) exposure promotes diabetes in obese rodents.
|
BACKGROUND: Pb (lead) exposure occurs at elevated frequency in urban inner city populations that also have high rates of obesity and diabetes.OBJECTIVES: To determine if Pb can promote the development of diabetes in a setting of obesity, we examined the effect of Pb exposure on glucose metabolism in a rodent model of obesity.METHODS: Adult female ZDF rats were exposed to Pb in drinking water for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and glucose tolerance were measured at regular intervals. Expression of hepatic gluconeogenic genes was measured in exposed and control animals and in cultured hepatoma cells treated with Pb.RESULTS: Pb exposure induced fasting hyperglycemia after 8 weeks and glucose intolerance after 12 weeks of exposure. In addition, Pb-exposed animals showed elevated hepatic triglyceride levels and increased expression of the gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase. In cultured rat hepatoma cells treatment with Pb stimulated PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression, suggesting a possible direct effect of Pb on hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression.CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of obesity, Pb exposure is prodiabetic, causing fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in rats. A contributing factor to the metabolic effects of Pb may be the direct stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Female', 'Glucose Intolerance', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Lead', 'Obesity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Zucker']
| 27,908,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.952.500'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between polymorphisms in the coagulation factor VII gene and coronary heart disease risk in different ethnicities: a meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have examined the association between polymorphisms in the coagulation factor VII gene and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but those studies have been inconclusive. This study was conducted to assess the associations between these polymorphisms and CHD and evaluated the associations in different ethnicities.METHODS: Literature-based searching was conducted to collect data and two methods, namely fixed-effects and random-effects, were performed to pool the odds ratio (OR), together with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias and between-study heterogeneity were also examined.RESULTS: Thirty-nine case-control studies of the three polymorphisms, R353Q (rs6046), HVR4 and -323Ins10 (rs36208070) in factor VII gene and CHD were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 9,151 cases of CHD and 14,099 controls for R353Q, 2,863 cases and 2,727 controls for HVR4, and 2,862 cases and 4,240 controls for -323Ins10. Significant association was only found in Asian population for R353Q (Q vs R), with pooled OR of 0.70(95%CI: 0.55, 0.90). For the -323Ins10 polymorphism (10 vs 0), we found significant associations in both Asian and European populations, with pooled ORs of 0.74(95%CI: 0.61, 0.88) and 0.63(95%CI: 0.53, 0.74), respectively. Marginal significant association was found between HVR4 (H7 vs H5+H6) and CHD (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.00). There was no evidence of publication bias, but between-study heterogeneity was found in the analyses.CONCLUSIONS: The -323Ins10 polymorphism in factor VII gene is significantly associated with CHD in both Asian and European populations, while R353Q polymorphism showed trend for association with CHD in Asians. Lack of association was found for HVR4 polymorphism. Further studies are needed to confirm the association, especially for -323Ins10 polymorphism.
|
['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Coronary Disease', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Factor VII', 'Humans', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors']
| 21,838,885
|
[['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['D08.622.432', 'D12.776.124.125.325', 'D12.776.811.243.432', 'D23.119.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates human erythroid colony formation in vitro.
|
The effects of human GH and insulin-like growth factor I on the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells from the bone marrow and peripheral blood of children were studied in a hormone-depleted culture system. Growth of erythroid progenitors was quantified by directly scoring colonies and by biochemical determination of the activity of a cytosolic enzyme of the heme pathway, uroporphyrinogen I synthase. In the presence of erythropoietin, high concentrations (50-100 ng/mL) of human GH induced an increase in the number of erythroid colonies (and their uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity) formed by bone marrow or peripheral blood erythroid precursors. In the same conditions, physiological concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (0.5-1 ng/mL) stimulated erythroid cell growth and differentiation (P less than 0.03) from bone marrow or peripheral blood.
|
['Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'Erythrocytes', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Somatomedins']
| 3,584,401
|
[['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.225.575'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D12.644.276.937', 'D12.776.124.862', 'D12.776.467.937', 'D23.529.937']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Non-universal tracer diffusion in crowded media of non-inert obstacles.
|
We study the diffusion of a tracer particle, which moves in continuum space between a lattice of excluded volume, immobile non-inert obstacles. In particular, we analyse how the strength of the tracer-obstacle interactions and the volume occupancy of the crowders alter the diffusive motion of the tracer. From the details of partitioning of the tracer diffusion modes between trapping states when bound to obstacles and bulk diffusion, we examine the degree of localisation of the tracer in the lattice of crowders. We study the properties of the tracer diffusion in terms of the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements, the trapping time distributions, the amplitude variation of the time averaged mean squared displacements, and the non-Gaussianity parameter of the diffusing tracer. We conclude that tracer-obstacle adsorption and binding triggers a transient anomalous diffusion. From a very narrow spread of recorded individual time averaged trajectories we exclude continuous type random walk processes as the underlying physical model of the tracer diffusion in our system. For moderate tracer-crowder attraction the motion is found to be fully ergodic, while at stronger attraction strength a transient disparity between ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements occurs. We also put our results into perspective with findings from experimental single-particle tracking and simulations of the diffusion of tagged tracers in dense crowded suspensions. Our results have implications for the diffusion, transport, and spreading of chemical components in highly crowded environments inside living cells and other structured liquids.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Diffusion', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Models, Biological']
| 25,474,476
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Personal training simulator for asynchronous learning of obstetric ultrasound.
|
To meet the challenges of providing affordable, efficient ultrasound training, a low-cost, portable personal ultrasound training simulator with structured curriculums and integrated assessment methods has been developed. By using extended image volumes for training, the realistic experience of scanning over a larger body surface is emulated.
|
['Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Female', 'High Fidelity Simulation Training', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Manikins', 'Obstetrics', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 24,732,517
|
[['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['I02.903.847.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129.400', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129.400'], ['H02.403.810.450'], ['E07.671'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Therapeutic effects of CuII(atsm) in the SOD1-G37R mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
Our objective was to assess the copper(II) complex of diacetylbis(4-methylthiosemicarbazone) [Cu(II)(atsm)] for its preclinical potential as a novel therapeutic for ALS. Experimental paradigms used were designed to assess Cu(II)(atsm) efficacy relative to treatment with riluzole, as a function of dose administered, and when administered post symptom onset. Mice expressing human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase harbouring the disease-causing G37R mutation (SOD1-G37R) were used and effects of Cu(II)(atsm) determined by assessing mouse survival and locomotor function (rotarod assay). Cu(II)(atsm) improved SOD1-G37R mouse survival and locomotor function in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose tested improved survival by 26%. Riluzole had a modest effect on mouse survival (3.3%) but it did not improve locomotor function. Cotreatment with Cu(II)(atsm) did not alter the protective activity of Cu(II)(atsm) administered on its own. Commencing treatment with Cu(II)(atsm) after the onset of symptoms was less effective than treatments that commenced before symptom onset but still significantly improved locomotor function and survival. Improved locomotor function and survival of SOD1-G37R mice supports the potential for Cu(II)(atsm) as a novel treatment option for ALS.
|
['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Animals', 'Copper', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Random Allocation', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Thiosemicarbazones', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,952,668
|
[['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D02.691'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.845.746.703', 'D02.886.803'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fast and simple method for semiquantitative determination of calcium propionate in bread samples.
|
Calcium propionate has been widely used as a preservative in bakery and in bread. It is sometimes not carefully used, or a high concentration is added to preserve products. High consumption of calcium propionate can lead to several health problems. This study aims to develop a fast and simple semiquantitative method based on color complex formation for the determination of calcium propionate in a bread sample. A red-brown complex was obtained from the reaction of ferric ammonium sulfate and propionate anion. The product was rapidly formed and easily observed with the concentration of propionate anion >0.4 mg/mL. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was also developed and validated for comparison. Twenty-two bread samples from three markets near Bangkok were randomly selected and assayed for calcium propionate using the above two developed methods. The results showed that 19/22 samples contained calcium propionate >2000 mg/kg. The results of the complex formation method agreed with the HPLC method.
|
['Bread', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Propionates', 'Thailand']
| 28,911,666
|
[['G07.203.300.100', 'J02.500.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
The role of assessment in the student learning process.
|
Assessment is a powerful learning tool that can enhance learning and education. The process of student assessment should align with curricular goals and educational objectives. Identifying the assessment strategies necessary for the proper evaluation of students' progress within individual programs is as important as establishing curricular content and delivery methods. The purpose of this paper is to discuss elements to be considered in assessment design and implementation as well as common challenges encountered during this process. Elements to be considered during assessment design include purpose of assessment, domains to be tested, and characteristics of the assessment tools to be employed. Assessment tools are evaluated according to four main characteristics: relevance, feasibility, validity, and reliability. Based on the evidence presented in the literature, the use of a variety of assessment tools is recommended to match diverse domains and learning styles. The assessment cycle concludes with the evaluation of the results and, based on these, the institution, program, or course can make changes to improve the quality of education. If assessment design aligns with educational outcomes and instructional methods, it improves the quality of education and supports student learning.
|
['Canada', 'Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Veterinary', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Program Development', 'Role', 'Students, Medical']
| 22,023,924
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.588'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.760'], ['F01.829.316.616'], ['M01.848.769.602']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Paracetamol vs piroxicam to relieve pain in renal colic. Results of a randomized controlled trial.
|
PURPOSE: We tested whether paracetamol could improve pain relief in patients visiting the emergency department with acute renal colic as compared to piroxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of acute renal colic were prospectively randomized to receive either intravenous paracetamol (1 g) or intramuscular piroxicam (20 mg). We monitored patients for visual analog scale (VAS), heart rate, arterial blood pressure, need for rescue therapy, and adverse events at different time points for 90 minutes. We recorded admission requirement and new visit for renal colic at 72 hours. The primary end point was pain relief at 90 minutes, defined as a decrease of 50% or more as compared to the initial VAS. The secondary objectives were comparison of the 2 groups for VAS at any time points and the occurrence of adverse events.RESULTS: Of the 226 eligible patients, 100 entered the study. Fifty patients received paracetamol and 50 received NSAID. Pain relief at 90 minutes was obtained in 40 patients receiving paracetamol (80%) and 24 (48%) receiving NSAID (P = .002). Visual analog scale was lower in the paracetamol group since 45 minutes. Only 2 adverse events were observed.CONCLUSION: A single therapy with intravenous paracetamol more efficiently relieved pain in acute renal colic than did intramuscular piroxicam.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Adult', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Piroxicam', 'Prospective Studies', 'Renal Colic', 'Tunisia']
| 20,934,829
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['D02.886.665.500', 'D03.383.855.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.888.592.612.972', 'C23.888.721', 'F02.830.816.444.850', 'G11.561.790.444.850'], ['Z01.058.266.887']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Roux-en-Y jejunal loop and bile reflux.
|
BACKGROUND: The current opinion is that the reflux of jejunal juice over the whole length of a long Roux-en-Y jejunal loop is very uncommon. We aimed to challenge this concept by monitoring the presence of bile in the organ proximal to a 60-cm loop during a 24-hour period with use of the Bilitec device, an optoelectronic instrument capable of measuring absorbance of a beam of light, the wavelength of which is close to the absorbance peak of bilirubin.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients, 8 of whom had been cholecystectomized, were investigated after total gastrectomy (group I, n = 17), distal gastrectomy (group II, n = 7), or duodenal switch (group III, n = 17). The percentage of recording time absorbance >0. 25 (absorbance scale ranging from 0 to 1) was calculated in reference to data from healthy subjects.RESULTS: Bile was detected in 17 patients (41%), 5 belonging to group I, 2 to group II, and 10 to group III (P = 0.165). Bile exposure remained within the range of controls in 14 patients whereas it was above this range in 3 patients, 2 of whom had disabling heartburn and severe esophagitis. The percentage of time absorbance >0.25 did not significantly differ from one group to another (P = 0.257) or according to whether patients had been cholecystectomized or not (P = 0.439). However, unlike cholecystectomized patients, patients still having their gallbladder refluxed predominantly during postprandial periods. Lengthening of the loop from 60 cm to 110 cm in the 2 symptomatic patients with a pathologic bile reflux resulted in relief of heartburn and healing of esophagitis in both while bile reflux was abolished in 1 and dramatically reduced in the other.CONCLUSIONS: Bile refluxes over the whole length of 4 Roux-en-Y loops out of 10. In most patients, bile reflux remains within the range of healthy subjects, producing neither symptoms nor mucosal damage; and it occurs independently of the organ proximal to the loop, but its timing of occurrence is modified by cholecystectomy. Although only for exceptional indications, lengthening of an incompetent loop is effective in patients with excessive bile reflux and severe related symptoms and lesions.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y', 'Bile Reflux', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Duodenum', 'Female', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Jejunum', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Vagotomy, Truncal']
| 10,875,990
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035.070', 'E04.210.070'], ['C06.130.140', 'C06.405.748.240.140'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of 670-nm low laser therapy on herpes simplex type 1.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing and relapse intervals in patients with recurrent labial herpes simplex infections.BACKGROUND DATA: Several pharmaceuticals are available to reduce symptoms and improb? healing of labial herpes, but only LLLT has been reported to significantly influence the length of the recurrence period.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an initial study, 232 patients with herpes simplex type 1 virus symptoms were consecutively selected for either LLLT or conventional therapy, including acyclovir cream or tablets. One of the dentists was responsible for the diagnosis, a second dentist for the treatment, and and a third for the evaluation, to allow for a semi-blinded procedure. Patients in the laser group received 670-nm laser irradiation, 40 mW, 1.6 J, 2.04 J/cm(2), 51 mW/cm(2) per blister in the prodromal stage and 4.8 J in the crust and secondarily infected stages, plus 1.2 J at the C2-C3 vertebrae. Patients were monitored daily during the first week to control healing, and monthly for 1 year to check on recurrence. In a consecutive study, 322 patients receiving LLLT were followed during 5 years to observe the period of ocurrences.RESULTS: An obvious effect of LLLT was found for both initial healing and for the length of the recurrence periods.CONCLUSIONS: LLLTof herpes simples virus 1 (HSV-1) appears to be an effective treatment modality without any observed side effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Female', 'Herpes Labialis', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Semiconductor', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Young Adult']
| 22,047,597
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['C01.925.256.466.382.316', 'C01.925.825.320.320', 'C07.465.409.466', 'C17.800.838.790.320.320'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490.480', 'E07.710.520.480'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids promote paclitaxel cytotoxicity via inhibition of the MDR1 gene in the human colon cancer Caco-2 cell line.
|
OBJECTIVE: Accumulating evidence in both humans and animal models indicates that dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can improve response to chemotherapy. The intent of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which PUFAs affect the response to anticancer chemotherapy.METHODS: Human colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2 was used as a model system in this study. Caco-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of three PUFAs: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mdr1 gene (codes for P-glycoprotein [P-gp]) expression. Western blotting and calcein-acetoxymethylester efflux assay were used for P-gp expression and functional evaluation, respectively. Furthermore, apoptosis assay was conducted by adding PUFAs with paclitaxel to confirm the synergetic effect. Finally, gene expression of nuclear receptors CAR and PXR were estimated to evaluate the possible mechanisms.RESULTS: Both classes of PUFAs, omega-3 (ù-3) and omega-6 (ù-6), can cause a modest but very reproducible reduction of gene expression, protein production, and pump activity of MDR1. Incubation of cells with PUFAs greatly enhanced the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, manifested mainly through enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, PUFAs increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the nuclear receptors CAR and PXR, thus implicating these two transcription factors as cellular targets of PUFAs in cells but not directly affecting MDR1 regulation.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that inhibition of the multidrug resistance MDR1/P-gp is one mechanism through which dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids exert a synergetic effect on the response of tumor cells to anticancer drugs.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Eicosapentaenoic Acid', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-6', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Fish Oils', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Paclitaxel', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 21,917,707
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.385', 'D10.251.355.255.200', 'D10.251.355.337.290', 'D10.627.430.450.390'], ['D10.251.355.343'], ['D10.251.355'], ['D10.627.430'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aphagia, behavior sequencing and body weight set point following orbital frontal lesions in rats.
|
Discrete lesions were made in the orbital frontal neocortex of rats and eating, drinking, sensorimotor responsiveness, and sequencing of motor acts were studied. Duration of aphagia was related to palatability/texture of food. Rats were aphagic for a mean of two days to palatable cookie mash presented on a spatula, six days to a high fat diet mash presented in a 4 cm high dish and for seven days to dry laboratory food. Water drinking was resumed with injestion of dry food. Rats presurgically fattened to 120% of body weight appeared stuporous and akinetic for 2-3 postoperative days, and the period for acceptance of food in tall tests was protracted. Rats presurgically dieted to 80% of normal body weight did not show accelerated recovery of feeding. Preoperatively normal, fattened and dieted rats assumed a chronic postoperative body weight level 25% lower than control rats. Rats with lesions showed sensorimotor neglect when tested on an open table top, but did not show neglect when tested in their home cages. In grooming tests, rats with lesions showed all of the components of normal grooming, but failed to exhibit the long chains of grooming characteristics of control rats. They also showed attenuated tongue extension and had difficulty manipulating food with the forepaws. The experiments suggest that following orbital frontal lesions, motor impairments, motor sequencing dysfunctions, change in body weight set point, and depending upon the test situation, sensorimotor neglect, may all be contributing factors to aphagia. The orbital frontal cortex may influence feeding and other behaviors via descending neural projections to the hypothalamus and branistem.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Brain Mapping', 'Brain Stem', 'Drinking', 'Eating', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Grooming', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Serial Learning', 'Taste']
| 11,803,698
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G03.295'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['F01.145.113.111.453'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['F02.463.425.952.747'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protection of tree shrews by pVAX-PS DNA vaccine against HBV infection.
|
The immunological protection of pVAX-PS, a DNA vaccine, was assessed in the tree shrews model. pVAX-PS was constructed by inserting the gene encoding the middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope protein of HBV into a plasmid vector pVAX1. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinenesis) were experimentally infected with human HBV by inoculation with human serum positive for HBV markers. DNA vaccination-induced seroconversion and antibody to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) were analyzed by ELISA, and protective effects elicited by pVAX-PS vaccination against subsequent HBV challenge were evaluated by detection of HBV seromarkers and observation of hepatic lesions in HBV-infected tree shrews. The results shown that anti-HBs were detectable in serum at week 2 after pVAX-PS vaccination and peaked at week 4, and immunization with pVAX-PS decreased the positive conversion rate of HBV seromarkers and relieved hepatic lesions in tree shrews challenged with HBV. These results indicated that pVAX-PS immunization could induce remarkable humoral immune response and prevent the experimental tree shrews from infection of HBV.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Vaccines', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Time Factors', 'Tupaiidae', 'Vaccines, DNA']
| 12,932,306
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.504', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.504'], ['D20.215.894.899.955.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.996.770'], ['D12.776.828.868.910', 'D20.215.894.865.910', 'D23.050.865.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinicopathological characteristics of interstitial foam cells in membranous nephropathy.
|
BACKGROUND: Interstitial foam cells are occasionally observed in various renal diseases, and they have been reported to belong to the monocyte/macrophage (M phi) lineage and to be associated with heavy proteinuria and hyperlipidemia. We investigated the characteristics of interstitial foam cells and their association with proteinuria and hyperlipidemia in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN).METHODS: Patients with MN (N = 320) were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 51 patients with interstitial foam cells, and group II consisted of the other 269 without foam cells. We compared clinical parameters and the findings of an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies to various types of leukocytes and adhesion molecules.RESULTS: The age at renal biopsy, the degree of proteinuria, serum levels of lipids, and other clinical parameters except for sex ratio were not different between the two groups. The ratio of nephrotic patients was compatible between groups I (56.9%) and II (52.8%). All interstitial foam cells were positive for CD68 and 25F9, which are markers for M phi and mature M phi, respectively, but were negative for CD3 or cytokeratin. Interstitial infiltrating cells were positive for CD68 and CD3 but were negative for 25F9. Furthermore, most of interstitial foam cells were positive for both leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), but not for ICAM-3 (the third ligand for LFA-1). By contrast, most of infiltrating nonfoamy M phi s were positive for ICAM-3 and LFA-1, however, ICAM-1 was observed on only some of them.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that interstitial foam cells in MN may not depend on proteinuria nor hyperlipidemia directly. The accumulation of foam cells, which have characteristics of mature M phi, may be related to ICAM-1 as a ligand of LFA-1, whereas infiltration of nonfoamy M phi s has a close relationship with ICAM-3. Thus, the formation of interstitial foam cells may be related to the phenotypical transformation of M phi s.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic', 'Female', 'Foam Cells', 'Glomerulonephritis, Membranous', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Kidney', 'Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 10,412,760
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.900', 'D23.101.100.900'], ['A11.329.372.368', 'A11.627.482.368', 'A11.733.397.368', 'A15.382.670.522.368', 'A15.382.680.397.368'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.625', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.625', 'C20.111.535'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074.937', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.550', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093.937', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.550', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.550', 'D23.050.301.350.074.400', 'D23.050.301.350.625.550'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mammalian target of rapamycin activator RHEB is frequently overexpressed in human carcinomas and is critical and sufficient for skin epithelial carcinogenesis.
|
Small GTPase Ras homologue enriched in brain (RHEB) binds and activates the key metabolic regulator mTORC1, which has an important role in cancer cells, but the role of RHEB in cancer pathogenesis has not been shown. By performing a meta-analysis of published cancer cytogenetic and transcriptome databases, we defined a gain of chromosome 7q36.1-q36.3 containing the RHEB locus, an overexpression of RHEB mRNA in several different carcinoma histotypes, and an association between RHEB upregulation and poor prognosis in breast and head and neck cancers. To model gain of function in epithelial malignancy, we targeted Rheb expression to murine basal keratinocytes of transgenic mice at levels similar to those that occur in human squamous cancer cell lines. Juvenile transgenic epidermis displayed constitutive mTORC1 pathway activation, elevated cyclin D1 protein, and diffuse skin hyperplasia. Skin tumors subsequently developed with concomitant stromal angio-inflammatory foci, evidencing induction of an epidermal hypoxia-inducible factor-1 transcriptional program, and paracrine feed-forward activation of the interleukin-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Rheb-induced tumor persistence and neoplastic molecular alterations were mTORC1 dependent. Rheb markedly sensitized transgenic epidermis to squamous carcinoma induction following a single dose of Ras-activating carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Our findings offer direct evidence that RHEB facilitates multistage carcinogenesis through induction of multiple oncogenic mechanisms, perhaps contributing to the poor prognosis of patients with cancers overexpressing RHEB.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Keratinocytes', 'Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Neuropeptides', 'Prognosis', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proteins', 'Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transgenes']
| 20,388,784
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['D05.500.337', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931.500', 'D12.776.476.925.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400', 'D12.644.360.525', 'D12.776.157.325.515', 'D12.776.476.525'], ['D05.500'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.488', 'D12.644.360.525.488', 'D12.776.157.325.515.488', 'D12.776.476.525.488', 'D12.776.631.650.665'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gonorrhea in the United States 1975-1984: is the giant only sleeping?
|
After a decade of increase, the number of cases of gonorrhea declined by 12% in the United States between 1975 and 1984. During the same period gonorrhea rates declined by 20%. We examined age-, sex-, and race-specific gonorrhea cases and rates to determine whether the national trend has been occurring in all population groups. The greatest percentage decline in rates was 22.6% among 25-44-year-old men of other-than-white race, and the only increase (0.5%) occurred among white teenaged women. To control gonorrhea and its complications more effectively, more focused screening of young women and more rapid treatment of their sexual partners are necessary.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Gonorrhea', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sex Factors', 'United States']
| 3,616,855
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Infection of chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires cooperative interaction between multiple variable regions of gp120.
|
We have recently reported the isolation and molecular cloning of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate (HIV-1 DH125) that exhibits rapid replication kinetics and marked cytopathicity in both human and chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To identify the viral determinants responsible for infectivity of chimpanzee PBMC, chimeric viruses containing the following components were constructed: (i) the entire envelope gene; (ii) gp120 sequences; (iii) gp41 sequences; and (iv) individual or various combinations of the gp120 variable regions of HIV-1 DH125 inserted into the backbone of another HIV-1 isolate (HIV-1 AD8), which is unable to infect chimpanzee PBMC. Analyses of virus replication kinetics in human and chimpanzee PBMC revealed that gp120 contains determinants which confer infectivity for chimpanzee PBMC and that the capacity to establish such an infection requires the cooperative interaction between multiple variable regions of the HIV-1 DH125 gp120.
|
['Animals', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Pan troglodytes', 'Reassortant Viruses']
| 8,794,390
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.620'], ['B04.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
o-Diphenol oxidase activity of molluscan hemocyanins.
|
Diphenoloxidase activities of two molluscan hemocyanins, isolated from the marine snails Rapana venosa and garden snails Helix vulgaris were studied using o-diphenol and L-Dopa as substrates. The dimers of H. vulgaris Hc show both, diphenol (K(m)=2.86 mM and K(cat)=4.48) and L-Dopa activity due to a more open active sites of the enzyme and better access of the substrates. The K(m) value of molluscan H. vulgaris Hc is very close to those of Helix pomatia and Sepia officinalis Hcs, but several times higher compared to those of Rapana and Octopus Hcs. Also HvH has a very high enzyme activity compared with other molluscan Hcs. Kinetic measurements with native RvH and both structural subunits, RvH1 and RvH2, show that RvH and only one structural subunit, RvH2, exhibited only o-diphenol activity, but no L-Dopa oxidizing activity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Catalysis', 'Catechol Oxidase', 'Hemocyanins', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mollusca', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protein Subunits']
| 18,162,195
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.130'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125'], ['D12.776.093.375', 'D12.776.556.462', 'D23.767.482'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.776.813']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
mu-Opioid receptor-mediated ERK activation involves calmodulin-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation.
|
Phosphorylation of the MAPK isoform ERK by G protein-coupled receptors involves multiple signaling pathways. One of these pathways entails growth factor receptor transactivation followed by ERK activation. This study demonstrates that a similar signaling pathway is used by the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) expressed in HEK293 cells and involves calmodulin (CaM). Stimulation of MOR resulted in both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERK phosphorylation. Data obtained with inhibitors of EGFR Tyr kinase and membrane metalloproteases support an intermediate role of EGFR activation, involving release of endogenous membrane-bound epidermal growth factor. Previous studies had demonstrated a role for CaM in opioid signaling based on direct CaM binding to MOR. To test whether CaM contributes to EGFR transactivation and ERK phosphorylation by MOR, we compared wild-type MOR with mutant K273A MOR, which binds CaM poorly, but couples normally to G proteins. Stimulation of K273A MOR with [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (10-100 nm) resulted in significantly reduced ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, wild-type MOR stimulated EGFR Tyr phosphorylation 3-fold more than K273A MOR, indicating that direct CaM-MOR interaction plays a key role in the transactivation process. Inhibitors of CaM and protein kinase C also attenuated [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin-induced EGFR transactivation in wild-type (but not mutant) MOR-expressing cells. This novel pathway of EGFR transactivation may be shared by other G protein-coupled receptors shown to interact with CaM.
|
['Animals', 'Calmodulin', 'Cell Line', 'Colforsin', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Activation', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'Phenanthrolines', 'Phosphorylation', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection']
| 11,457,825
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D03.633.300.669'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytogenetic aberrations and heterogeneity of mutations in repeat-containing genes in a colon carcinoma from a patient with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.
|
The majority of tumors from patients affected by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) exhibit a mutator phenotype characterized by widespread microsatellite instability (MSI) and somatic mutations in repeated sequences in several cancer-associated genes. An inverse relationship between MSI and chromosomal instability (CIN) has been demonstrated and HNPCC-associated tumors are generally characterized by diploid or near-diploid cells with few or no chromosomal rearrangements. We have studied MSI, somatic mutations in repeat-containing genes, DNA-ploidy, and cytogenetic aberrations in a colon carcinoma from a patient with a germline MLH1 mutation. Mutations in coding repeats were assessed in 10 macroscopically separate areas of the primary tumor and in two lymph nodes. Some of the genes studied (E2F4, MSH3, MSH6, TCF4, and TGFBRII) showed a consistent lack of mutations, whereas others (BAX, Caspase-5 and IGFIIR) displayed alterations in some tumor regions but not in others. The tumor had DNA-index 1.1-1.2 and a stable, aberrant karyotype with extra copies of chromosomes 7 and 12 and the structural aberrations i(1q), der(20)t(8;20), and der(22)t(1;22). The finding of CIN, MSI, and somatic mutations in coding repeats in this tumor suggests that these phenomena may act together in HNPCC tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the observed intratumoral heterogeneity of mutations in coding repeats implies these changes occur late in tumorigenesis and, thus, probably play a role in tumor progression rather than initiation.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Genetic Heterogeneity', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Karyotyping', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'MutL Protein Homolog 1', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Ploidies', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,996,796
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['D12.776.157'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.190', 'C04.700.250', 'C06.301.371.411.307.190', 'C06.405.249.411.307.190', 'C06.405.469.158.356.190', 'C06.405.469.491.307.190', 'C16.320.700.250', 'C18.452.284.255'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.365.331'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['D08.811.074.766.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.215.500', 'D12.776.260.540.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G05.700'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Comparative efficiency of a course of multi-factor physiotherapeutic treatment and a complex of instrumental physiotherapy technics for medical rehabilitation of patients with stable angina pectoris].
|
Examination of comparable groups of patients with angina of efforts has demonstrated identical clinical efficiency of multi-factor therapeutic modalities and methods of instrumental physiotherapy for medical rehabilitation of patients with stable angina of effort. The results of this study suggest the possibility to avoid polypragmasia when prescribing physiotherapeutic treatment.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Hemostasis', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,882,888
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['A08.800.050'], ['G09.188.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Developmental toxicity, uptake and distribution of sodium chromate assayed by frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus(FETAX).
|
The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of Cr(VI) on the survival and morphology of the anuran Xenopus laevis have been assessed by frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). The lethal median (LC(50)) and teratogenic median (TC(50)) concentration values of Cr(VI) were 890 microM and 260 microM, respectively. The calculated teratogenic index (TI) value was 3.42, suggesting that hexavalent chromium has a teratogenic potential. Malformations of embryos included lifting of the body, coiling of the tail and body oedema. Furthermore, the chromium salt caused significant growth retardation at 25 microM exposure concentrations. The use of radiolabelled (51)Cr(VI) allowed the determination of the time course uptake of Cr in Xenopus exposed to concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 500 microM. The evaluation of its distribution into the body (head-abdomen-tail) was evaluated at different exposure times. Chromium is taken up at 24 h by Xenopus embryos for all concentrations tested. At 48 h post fertilization (stage of larva) the amount of Cr accumulated by the two-day-old larva ranged from 0.42 to 580 pg mg(-1) wet weight at 0.025 and 500 microM respectively. These amounts were lower than those at 24 h (2.77 to 11016 pg mg(-1) wet weight embryo) reaching values of the same order of magnitude at 120 h (five-days-old larva). Since at 48 h Xenopus development leads to a swimming embryo, the observed uptake at 24 h could be the result of the binding of Cr to jelly coat compounds surrounding the embryo body as confirmed by gel filtration experiments on (51)Cr-jelly coat. The interaction of Cr with jelly coat is in agreement with the role of jelly coat in protecting the embryo against pathogen and chemical toxins to ensure fertilization. This work further supports the hypothesis that Cr contamination of surface waters could contribute to explain the reported worldwide depletion of frog population.
|
['Animals', 'Chromates', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'DNA Adducts', 'Female', 'Larva', 'Sodium Compounds', 'Teratogens', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 19,540,565
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.220.150', 'D01.248.497.158.235'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['D01.857'], ['D27.888.569.864'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cloning and characterization of HIV-1-inducible astrocyte elevated gene-1, AEG-1.
|
We presently describe the full-length cloning and functional characterization of an HIV-1-inducible gene, astrocyte elevated gene (AEG)-1. Additionally, a novel method is outlined for producing tag-free recombinant protein in a baculovirus system and its use in producing AEG-1 protein. AEG-1 mRNA is expressed ubiquitously with higher expression in tissues containing muscular actin and its expression is increased in astrocytes infected with HIV-1 or treated with gp120 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The mRNA encodes a single pass transmembrane protein of predicted molecular mass of 64-kDa and pI 9.3 that predominantly localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear region. Ectopic expression of AEG-1 inhibits excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoter activity with the potential to promote glutamate excitotoxicity and consequently HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). AEG-1 expression is elevated in subsets of breast carcinomas, malignant gliomas and melanomas and it synergizes with oncogenic Ha-ras to enhance soft agar colony forming ability of non-tumorigenic immortalized melanocytes, documenting its tumor promoting activity. AEG-1 may affect tumor progression in multiple cell lineages by augmenting expression of the transformed phenotype and/or by inducing glutamate excitotoxicity in malignant glioma. In these contexts, an HIV-1-inducible gene, AEG-1, may contribute to multiple brain abnormalities, including HAD and tumor formation, by both common and distinct mechanisms.
|
['Amino Acid Transport System X-AG', 'Antibodies', 'Astrocytes', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Symporters', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 15,927,426
|
[['D12.776.157.530.200.249.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.250', 'D12.776.543.585.200.249.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.250'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D12.776.157.530.200.249.500.500.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.147.750', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.781.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.250.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.200.249.500.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.147.750', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.781.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.250.500.750'], ['A16.378'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.776.157.530.200.249.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.625.147', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.781', 'D12.776.157.530.937.250.500', 'D12.776.543.585.200.249.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.147', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.781', 'D12.776.543.585.937.250.500'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biomechanical comparison of wire osteosynthesis techniques in craniofacial surgery.
|
The biomechanical stability of 20 different craniofacial wire osteosynthesis methods were tested in a simulated bone model. Utilizing wire fixation across a curved osteotomy site of an acrylic bar fixed at one end, compressive loading at the suspended end was used to test the resistance of the ligatures to stretch failure. Twenty-eight- and 30-gauge ligature patterns tested included single loops, double loops, and figure-eights across both 1- and 2-cm distances. A two-way analysis of variance was then used to determine the various effects of wire diameter, configuration, and loop length. The extensional deformation of ligature fixation was shown to be reduced by increasing the number of wire loops, reducing intraloop distances, or employing a slightly larger gauge diameter. The complex wiring configuration of a figure-eight technique was of no advantage over simple wire loops. In comparative strengths, two double loops were stronger than one double loop, and two single loops were stronger than one single loop or figure-eight. Comparable reductions in fixation strength were seen in all groups; there were larger intrabony distances between the burr holes or with the smaller gauge wire. These biomechanical ligature testing results are useful in those craniofacial skeletal sites where the use of more rigid fixation is either contraindicated or not desired.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Bone Plates', 'Bone Wires', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Structural', 'Osteotomy', 'Skull', 'Stainless Steel', 'Tensile Strength']
| 8,031,977
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E07.695.370.468', 'E07.858.442.660.460.468', 'E07.858.690.725.460.468'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['E04.555.580'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['D01.490.800.900', 'D01.552.033.847.681', 'D25.058.807.681', 'J01.637.051.058.807.681'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Irreducible distal radioulnar joint occurring in a Galeazzi fracture - case report.
|
This is a report of an irreducible distal radioulnar joint associated with a Galeazzi fracture. The irreducible dislocation of the radioulnar joint was not appreciated until 2 weeks following compression plating of the radius fracture. The extensor carpi ulnaris was found to be wrapped anteriorly about the ulnar border of the distal ulna and was trapped in this position by the displaced ulnar styloid. The patient was successfully treated with open reduction of the styloid fracture and temporary wire fixation.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Plates', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Male', 'Orthopedic Fixation Devices', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Radius Fractures', 'Ulna', 'Ulna Fractures']
| 7,240,681
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['E07.858.442.660', 'E07.858.690.725'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C26.088.268.556', 'C26.404.562'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850'], ['C26.088.268.807', 'C26.404.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sexual disorders in Huntington's disease.
|
This study assessed the frequency and type of sexual disorders associated with Huntington's disease (HD) in an unbiased sample. Of 39 HD patients and 32 of their partners, 82% and 66%, respectively, had one or more sexual disorders by DSM-III-R criteria. The most frequent for both groups was hypoactive sexual disorder. Significantly more patients who had both inhibited orgasm and increased sexual interest also had paraphilic disorders. Findings support the hypotheses that sexual disorders are frequent among HD patients and their partners and that sexual disorders among HD patients may take the form of increased sexual interest or paraphilias. The association between inhibited orgasm, increased sexual interest, and paraphilic disorders will require further investigation but suggests a possible etiology for some paraphilias.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Huntington Disease', 'Libido', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Paraphilic Disorders', 'Personality Assessment', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological']
| 8,044,036
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['F02.739.794.511'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F03.657'], ['F04.513'], ['F03.835']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Use of multiple antigen substrates to detect antinuclear antibody in canine sera.
|
The presence of antinuclear antibody in serum has been used to serologically support the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Most often, diagnostic support is conferred if the titer is above a "cut-off" value determined by the particular laboratory. The precision estimates of these commonly used serological assays are high. The arithmetic and geometric precisions estimates of fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) assays were determined utilizing sera from dogs with polysystemic signalment suggestive of SLE. A simple score assay was found to have improved precision over FANA endpoint titrations on Hep-2 or cryostat, rat liver substrates. In one case, the precision improved from an arithmetic coefficient of variation of 25.6% (HEp-2, endpoint dilution, FANA titers) or 19.7% (rat liver cryostat substrate FANA titers) to 15.5%. Geometric coefficients of variation followed similar trends. Further, the score values for dogs with SLE were considerably higher (mean = 3.28) than for clinically normal dogs (mean = 0.20). The score system was more precise than FANA endpoint titers and therefore may be useful for diagnostic purposes, especially when FANA titers are negative or low.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 2,053,272
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Computer-based design of novel HIV-1 entry inhibitors: neomycin conjugated to arginine peptides at two specific sites.
|
Aminoglycoside-arginine conjugates (AAC and APAC) are multi-target inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Here, we predict new conjugates of neomycin with two arginine peptide chains binding at specific sites on neomycin [poly-arginine-neomycin-poly-arginine (PA-Neo-PA)]. The rationale for the design of such compounds is to separate two short arginine peptides with neomycin, which may extend the binding region of the CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). We used homology models of CXCR4 and unliganded envelope glycoprotein 120 (HIV-1(IIIB) gp120) and docked PA-Neo-PAs and APACs to these using a multistep docking procedure. The results indicate that PA-Neo-PAs spread over two negatively charged patches of CXCR4. PA-Neo-PA-CXCR4 complexes are energetically more favorable than AACs/APAC-CXCR4 complexes. Notably, our CXCR4 model and docking procedure can be applied to predict new compounds that are either inhibitors of gp120-CXCR4 binding without affecting stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha) chemotaxis activity, or inhibitors of SDF-1 alpha-CXCR4 binding resulting in an anti-metastasis effect. We also predict that PA-Neo-PAs and APACs can interfere with CD4-gp120 binding in unliganded conformation.
|
['Aminoglycosides', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Arginine', 'Computer Simulation', 'Drug Design', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Neomycin', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptides', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Receptors, CXCR4', 'Static Electricity']
| 19,057,930
|
[['D09.408.051'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D09.408.051.623'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644'], ['D27.505.519.389.760'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.650'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sialendoscopy enhances salivary gland function in Sj?gren's syndrome: a 6-month follow-up, randomised and controlled, single blind study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of sialendoscopy of the major salivary glands on salivary flow and xerostomia in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome (SS).METHODS: Forty-nine patients with SS were randomly assigned to a control group (n=15) and two intervention groups: irrigation of the major glands with saline (n=16) or with saline followed by triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in saline (n=18). Unstimulated whole saliva flow (UWS), chewing-stimulated whole saliva flow (SWS), citric acid-stimulated parotid flow (SPF), Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS), Xerostomia Inventory (XI) score and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) SS Patient-Reported Index (ESSPRI) were obtained 1 week (T0) before, and 1 (T1), 8 (T8), 16 (T16) and 24 (T24) weeks after sialendoscopy.RESULTS: Median baseline UWS, SWS and SPF scores were 0.14, 0.46 and 0.22 mL/min, respectively. After intervention, significant increases in UWS and SWS were observed in the saline group (at T8 (P=0.013) and T24 (P=0.004)) and the saline/TA group (at T24 (P=0.03) and T=16 (P=0.035)). SPF was increased significantly in the saline/TA group at T24 (P=0.03). XI scores declined after sialendoscopy in both intervention groups. Compared with the control group, CODS, XI and ESSPRI improved in the intervention groups. UWS, SWS and SPF were higher in the intervention groups compared with the control group, but these differences were not significant except for SPF in the saline/TA group at T24 (P=0.005).CONCLUSIONS: Irrigation of the major salivary glands in patients with SS enhances salivary flow and reduces xerostomia up to 6 months after sialendoscopy.
|
['Adult', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recovery of Function', 'Reference Values', 'Saline Solution', 'Saliva', 'Salivary Glands', 'Salivation', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Single-Blind Method', "Sjogren's Syndrome", 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triamcinolone', 'Xerostomia']
| 29,475,854
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D26.776.498.500.750'], ['A12.200.666'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['G07.203.650.250.800', 'G10.261.190.800'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['C05.550.114.154.774', 'C05.799.114.774', 'C07.465.815.929.669', 'C11.496.260.719', 'C17.300.775.099.774', 'C20.111.199.774'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.915', 'D04.210.500.908.891'], ['C07.465.815.929']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structures of HhaI methyltransferase complexed with substrates containing mismatches at the target base.
|
Three structures have been determined for complexes between HhaI methyltransferase (M.HhaI) and oligonucleotides containing a G:A, G:U or G:AP (AP = abasic or apurinic/apyrimidinic) mismatch at the target base pair. The mismatched adenine, uracil and abasic site are all flipped out of the DNA helix and located in the enzyme's active-site pocket, adopting the same conformation as in the flipped-out normal substrate. These results, particularly the flipped-out abasic deoxyribose sugar, provide insight into the mechanism of base flipping. If the process involves the protein pushing the base out of the helix, then the push must take place not on the base, but rather on the sugar-phosphate backbone. Thus rotation of the DNA backbone is probably the key to base flipping.
|
['Base Pair Mismatch', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'DNA-Cytosine Methylases', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Protein Conformation', 'S-Adenosylhomocysteine']
| 9,783,745
|
[['G05.365.590.060'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D02.886.030.498.050', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.240', 'D12.125.166.498.050', 'D13.570.583.138.240', 'D13.570.800.096.262']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Integrating spatial fuzzy clustering with level set methods for automated medical image segmentation.
|
The performance of the level set segmentation is subject to appropriate initialization and optimal configuration of controlling parameters, which require substantial manual intervention. A new fuzzy level set algorithm is proposed in this paper to facilitate medical image segmentation. It is able to directly evolve from the initial segmentation by spatial fuzzy clustering. The controlling parameters of level set evolution are also estimated from the results of fuzzy clustering. Moreover the fuzzy level set algorithm is enhanced with locally regularized evolution. Such improvements facilitate level set manipulation and lead to more robust segmentation. Performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm was carried on medical images from different modalities. The results confirm its effectiveness for medical image segmentation.
|
['Algorithms', 'Brain', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Fuzzy Logic', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Liver', 'Radiography', 'Ultrasonography']
| 21,074,756
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E01.370.350'], ['E05.599.250', 'K01.752.448.250', 'L01.224.050.375.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and epidemiologic features of group a streptococcal pneumonia in Ontario, Canada.
|
BACKGROUND: Since the 1960s, group A streptococcus (GAS) has accounted for less than 1% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia. During the past 2 decades there has been a resurgence of invasive GAS infection, but no large study of GAS pneumonia has been performed.METHODS: To determine the clinical and epidemiologic features of GAS pneumonia, we conducted prospective, population-based surveillance of all invasive GAS infection in residents of Ontario from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1999.RESULTS: Of 2079 cases of invasive GAS infection, 222 (11%) represented GAS pneumonia. The incidence of GAS pneumonia ranged from 0.16 per 100 000 in 1992 to 0.35 per 100 000 in 1999. Most cases were community acquired (81%). Forty-four percent of nursing home-acquired cases occurred during outbreaks. The case fatality rate was 38% for GAS pneumonia, compared with 12% for the entire cohort with invasive GAS infection and 26% for patients with necrotizing fasciitis. The presence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (odds ratio, 19; 95% confidence interval, 8.4-42; P =.001) and increasing age (odds ratio per decade, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.7; P<.001) were associated with fatal outcome. Time to death was rapid, with a median of 2 days despite antimicrobial therapy and supportive measures.CONCLUSIONS: Group A streptococcal pneumonia is a common form of invasive GAS disease but remains an uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Progression is rapid despite appropriate therapy. The incidence is similar to, and the case fatality rate higher than, that of necrotizing fasciitis.
|
['Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cross Infection', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Fasciitis, Necrotizing', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Ontario', 'Pneumonia', 'Population Surveillance', 'Risk Factors', 'Shock, Septic', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus pyogenes']
| 12,588,207
|
[['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['N06.850.290'], ['C05.321.550'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.575', 'B03.510.400.800.872.575', 'B03.510.550.737.872.575']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Acetabular revision with the Burch-Schnieder antiprotrusio cage and cancellous allograft bone.
|
A retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent 28 acetabular revisions with the Burch-Schnieder antiprotrusio cage (Protek, Berne, Switzerland) and cancellous allograft bone was performed. Follow-up periods averaged 33 months. Patients had averaged 2.1 prior operations per hip. Twenty-two hips had American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons type III (combined segmental and cavitary bone loss) acetabular deficiency. Five hips had type II (cavitary bone loss) and one hip had type I (segmental bone loss) acetabular deficiency. After surgery, 80% of the patients had mild or no pain and 80% functioned as at least a community ambulator. Radiographic analysis included a detailed study of implant migration and the degree to which the hip center and bone stock were restored. Significant component migration was documented in 14% of the acetabular reconstructions. The hip center was improved from a preoperative side-to-side difference of 12.5 mm to 4.9 mm at final evaluation (P = .01). Average medial wall bone stock was improved from 1.9 mm before surgery to 10.1 mm postrevision (P < .01). No patients required revision of the antiprotrusio cage for problems related to the acetabular reconstruction. For failed acetabular components associated with moderate to massive bone loss, the antiprotrusio cage reliably reconstituted the hip joint center and acetabular bone stock. The short-term incidence of mechanical loosening parallels that of previously reported acetabular reconstruction techniques.
|
['Acetabulum', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Foreign-Body Migration', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 7,673,909
|
[['A02.835.232.043.825.108'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C26.392.500'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of glutaraldehyde on cultured cells--restraining effect on multiplication of L cells].
|
Glutaraldehyde (GA) was tested for its cytotoxic effect on L cell tissue culture system in comparison with formaldehyde (FA). In the first study, the replanted cells were grown to monolayers on the flattened bases of the culture tubes, and then exposed to the drug. In the second study, the drug was added to the cell suspension just put in the culture tubes. In either case, the cells were kept in contact with the drug at 37 degrees C for 24, 48 or 72 hr, after which time the monolayers were removed and the viable cells in each of the tubes were counted up. The change in the number of viable cells was examined in the various concentrations of the drugs and time intervals of cell-drug contact. Both GA and FA showed relatively slight toxic effect when each concentration was 1 microgram/ml. The cells exposed to 1, 10 micrograms/ml of GA or 1 microgram/ml of FA were able to increase in number, though markedly restrained from their multiplication if compared with the control. GA and FA seriously diminished the viable cells at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively, and they were so toxic that complete cell death was immediately caused even when the concentration of each drug was at 1000 micrograms/ml. Just replanted cells showed less tolerance to the drug effects than the cells of established monolayers; suppression of cell growth was noted with the concentration of 0.8 microgram/ml and above of either GA or FA, and complete cell death was caused by 58 micrograms/ml of GA and 7.0 micrograms/ml of FA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Aldehydes', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Formaldehyde', 'Glutaral', 'L Cells', 'Mice', 'Mitosis']
| 3,095,205
|
[['D02.047'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['D02.047.407'], ['D02.047.532'], ['A11.251.210.505', 'A11.329.228.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The anti-hypertensive drug prazosin induces apoptosis in the medullary thyroid carcinoma cell line TT.
|
BACKGROUND/AIM: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a tumor associated with poor prognosis since it exhibits high resistance against conventional cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that quinazolines exhibit a pro-apoptotic effect on malignant cells. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether MTC cells are affected by quinazolines, in particular prazosin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proliferation, apoptosis and cell morphology of the MTC cell line TT were analyzed by WST-1 assay, caspase 3/7 activation tests and microscopy. Fibroblasts were used as control for non-malignant cells.RESULTS: Prazosin potently inhibited the growth of TT cells, induced apoptosis and caused vacuolization, as well as needle-like filopodia. Fibroblasts were affected by prazosin in the same way as MTC cells.CONCLUSION: MTC cells are responsive to prazosin treatment similar to other malignancies. The fact that fibroblasts also respond to prazosin further highlights the importance to identify the unknown pro-apoptotic target of quinazolines.
|
['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Medullary', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Prazosin', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 25,550,532
|
[['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.240.315', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370.315', 'C04.557.470.615.315', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240.315'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300.100'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First trimester contingent testing with either nuchal translucency or cell-free DNA. Cost efficiency and the role of ultrasound dating.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and cost efficacy of different first-trimester contingent screening strategies based on an initial analysis of biochemical markers.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: Swedish National Quality Register for prenatal diagnosis.POPULATION: 35,780 women with singleton pregnancies.METHODS: Serum values from first trimester biochemistry were re-analyzed in a contingent approach. For risks between 1:40 and 1:1000, risk estimates from nuchal translucency measurements were added and outcomes were compared using either a final cut-off risk of 1:200 to proceed with invasive testing or offering non-invasive prenatal testing. In a subgroup of 12,836 women with regular menstrual cycles the same analyses were performed using data on the last menstrual period for determining gestational age. The costs of detecting one case of aneuploidy were compared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of screening strategies.RESULTS: The detection rate was the same (87%) in the contingent group as in complete combined screening, with only 41% requiring a nuchal translucency scan. As an alternative, offering non-invasive prenatal testing to the intermediate risk group would result in a detection rate of 98%, but the cost to detect one case of trisomy 21 would be 83% higher than the cost associated with traditional combined screening.CONCLUSIONS: First trimester examination using a contingent approach will achieve similar results compared with full combined screening. Non-invasive prenatal testing will not be cost-effective when a high proportion of pregnancies need further testing.
|
['Adult', 'Aneuploidy', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell-Free System', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'DNA', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Maternal Serum Screening Tests', 'Nuchal Translucency Measurement', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sweden']
| 25,581,307
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.354.506'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.378.630.582'], ['E01.370.350.850.865.500', 'E01.370.378.630.865.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-based National Study.
|
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Chronic inflammation is linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and elevated pro-inflammatory markers. The association between IBD and myocardial infarction (MI) is not well understood. We sought to elucidate this risk using a large database.METHODS: We reviewed data from a large commercial database (Explorys, IBM Watson) that aggregates electronic medical records from 26 nationwide health care systems. Using systemized nomenclature of medicine-clinical terms, we identified adult patients (20 to 65 years) with a diagnosis of IBD-ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD)-who had active records between August 2013 and August 2018. We then examined the risk of MI in patients with or without IBD.RESULTS: Out of 29,090,220 patients, 131,680 (0.45%) had UC, and 158,750 (0.55%) had CD. Prevalence of MI was higher in patients with UC and CD versus non-IBD patients (UC 6.7% vs CD 8.8% vs non-IBD 3.3%, odds ratio [OR] for UC 2.09 [2.04 -2.13], and CD 2.79 [2.74-2.85]. The odds of MI in IBD patients overall were highest in younger patients and decreased with age (age 30-34 years: OR 12.05 [11.16-13.01], age 65+ years: OR 2.08 [2.04-2.11]). After adjusting for age, race, sex, and traditional cardiovascular risk factor, IBD conferred greater odds of MI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25 [1.24-1.27]).CONCLUSION: In this large cohort, IBD is associated with significantly increased MI compared with non-IBD patients. The relative risk of MI was highest in younger patients and decreased with age. These findings emphasize the need for aggressive risk factor reduction in IBD.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Ohio', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 30,500,938
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dietary Inadequacies Among US Homeless Families: An Enduring Problem.
|
We reviewed the literature on eating patterns, prevalent diet-related illnesses, barriers to healthy eating, and interventions to improve diet among the U.S. homeless family population. Our search returned 17 articles and one literature review. We found that families experiencing homelessness tend to have poor diets, lacking healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables, but high in intake of unhealthy sugars and fats. Barriers to healthy eating included lack of access to cooking and storage resources in the shelter environment, the high cost of healthy foods, and little access to healthy eating options. Interventions to address dietary inadequacies were limited to nutrition education programs, and did not show any significant change in eating behaviors. With the recent increase in family homelessness in several states, namely in the sheltered homeless family population, we propose a need for greater research and interventions that address structural barriers to healthy eating for this underserved population.
|
['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Cooking', 'Dental Caries', 'Diet', 'Diet, Healthy', 'Family', 'Homeless Persons', 'Humans', 'Malnutrition', 'Nutritional Status', 'Overweight', 'United States']
| 30,449,741
|
[['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['F01.829.458.205.500', 'G07.203.650.240.629'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['M01.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.521'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Heart & Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women.METHODS: Before enrollment in a 4-year, randomized trial of combination hormone therapy to prevent coronary heart disease, 2763 participants completed questionnaires on prevalence and type of incontinence. We measured factors potentially associated with incontinence including demographics, reproductive and medical histories, height, weight, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. We used multivariate logistic models to determine independent associations between those factors and weekly incontinence by type.RESULTS: The mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 67+/-7 years; 89% were white and 8% were black. Fifty-six percent reported weekly incontinence. In multivariate analyses, the prevalence of weekly stress incontinence was higher in white than black women (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 5.1), in women with higher body-mass index (BMI) (OR 1.1 per 5 units, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3), and higher waist-to-hip ratio (OR 1.2 per 0.1 unit, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4). The prevalence of weekly urge incontinence was higher in older women (OR 1.2 per 5 years, 95% CI 1.1, 1.3), diabetic women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0) and women who had reported two or more urinary tract infections in the prior year (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1, 3.6).CONCLUSION: Stress and urge incontinence are common in postmenopausal women and have different risk factors, suggesting that approaches to risk-factor modification and prevention also might differ and should be specific to types of incontinence.
|
['Aged', 'Estrogen Replacement Therapy', 'Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Medroxyprogesterone Acetate', 'Postmenopause', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Urinary Incontinence']
| 10,389,720
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.319.452.150'], ['D06.472.334.851.437.988'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.395.700.500'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan in autism: temporal stability and the effects of medication.
|
Whole blood serotonin (5-HT) was significantly increased in a drug-free autistic group (n = 17) compared to age- and sex-matched normal control (n = 20). Blood tryptophan (TRP) values and platelet counts were similar in unmedicated autistics and normal subjects; but whole blood concentrations of TRP were significantly lower, and 5-HT values tended to be lower in the medicated group compared to unmedicated autistics. Highly significant intraclass correlation coefficients and low mean percentage differences were found for repeated measures over a year's period of whole blood 5-HT and the platelet count in the unmedicated but not in the medicated group. Blood TRP values were highly variable over time in both the medicated and drug-free autistic groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Female', 'Haloperidol', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phenothiazines', 'Platelet Count', 'Serotonin', 'Time Factors', 'Tryptophan']
| 2,708,296
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.369', 'D03.633.300.783'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A new generation of cyanide ion-selective membranes for flow injection application: part II. Comparative study of cyanide flow-injection detectors based on thin electroplated silver chalcogenide membranes.
|
Using induced cathodic electrodeposition a number of silver chalcogenide thin layer membranes of non-trivial composition have been synthesized and their performance as ion-selective flow-injection potentiometric detectors (FIPDs) for free cyanide has been critically estimated in the context of the stringent requirements for toxic cyanide environmental monitoring. AgSCN/Ag2S, Ag2S, Ag(2+delta)Se, Ag(2+delta)Se(1-x)Te(x) (0<delta<0.25 and x approximately = 0.13), Ag2Se and Ag2Se(1-x)Te(x) electroplated membranes were selected for the present performance-based comparative study in order to obtain a feedback information about the effect of membrane composition. Both silver selenide and Te-doped silver selenide membranes, irrespective of their stoichiometry with respect to silver, exhibit the lowest detection limit for CN- (52 ppb) with linear double-Nernstian response down to 130 ppb. The type of chalcogene anion in the membrane composition proves to exert dominant effect on the general performance characteristics of the newly developed FIPDs. The silver stoichiometry (intrinsic defects factor) and the inclusion of Te-dopant (extrinsic defects factor) have more pronounced effect on the profile of the output signal and exert moderate control on the detectors selectivity and baseline stability. This new generation of CN(-)-ion-selective membranes for FIPDs exhibits high selectivity against the common interferents present in cyanide effluents such as SCN-, S2O3(2-), Cl- and do not get poisoned in the presence of S2-. Moreover, their long-term stability and signal reproducibility, which make redundant the regular day-to-day calibration, coupled with the cost-effective technology for membranes preparation and easy re-generation make them attractive candidates for incorporation into automated in-field devices for in situ cyanide toxic species monitoring.
|
['Calibration', 'Chalcogens', 'Cyanides', 'Electrochemistry', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Metals', 'Silver', 'Silver Compounds']
| 17,386,543
|
[['E05.978.155'], ['D01.268.185'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D01.552'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['D01.847']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validation of Inertial Measurement Units for Upper Body Kinematics.
|
The purpose of this study was to validate a commercially available inertial measurement unit (IMU) system against a standard lab-based motion capture system for the measurement of shoulder elevation, elbow flexion, trunk flexion/extension, and neck flexion/extension kinematics. The validation analyses were applied to 6 surgical faculty members performing a standard, simulated surgical training task that mimics minimally invasive surgery. Three-dimensional joint kinematics were simultaneously recorded by an optical motion capture system and an IMU system with 6 sensors placed on the head, chest, and bilateral upper and lower arms. The sensor-to-segment axes alignment was accomplished manually. The IMU neck and trunk IMU flexion/extension angles were accurate to within 2.9 ± 0.9 degrees and 1.6 ± 1.1°, respectively. The IMU shoulder elevation measure was accurate to within 6.8 ± 2.7° and the elbow flexion measure was accurate to within 8.2 ± 2.8°. In the Bland-Altman analyses, there were no significant systematic errors present; however, there was a significant inversely proportional error across all joints. As the gold standard measurement increased, the IMU underestimated the magnitude of the joint angle. This study reports acceptable accuracy of a commercially available IMU system; however, results should be interpreted as protocol specific.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Elbow', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Movement', 'Neck', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Torso']
| 27,918,696
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A01.378.800.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.502'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['A01.598'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['A01.923']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Structural and functional alterations in microtubule protein from Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants.
|
We have examined mutant lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells that have increased resistance to the antimicrotubule drug Colcemid. Analysis of the functional properties of purified microtubule protein indicates that increased tolerance to the drug in vivo is reflected in altered properties of microtubules and tubulin in vitro. In this study, we have examined one series of related mutants and have found different microtubule alterations associated with each selection step. These changes include decreased Colcemid-binding affinity, an altered electrophoretic pattern of tubulin subcomponents, increased resistance to Colcemid inhibition of polymerization in vitro and, in one case, a decreased critical concentration for microtubule assembly. Characterized mutants of the class described here will be useful for probing the regulation of microtubule assembly in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Demecolcine', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Isoelectric Point', 'Microtubules', 'Mutation', 'Ovary', 'Protein Binding', 'Tubulin']
| 6,946,501
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['D03.132.225.374'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E05.301.300.663.500', 'G02.300.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 3D mapping system.
|
BACKGROUND: We treated paroxysmal recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) with radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation by creating long linear lesions in the atria. To achieve line continuity, a 3D electroanatomic nonfluoroscopic mapping system was used.METHODS AND RESULTS: In 27 patients with recurrent AF, a catheter incorporating a passive magnetic field sensor was navigated in both atria to construct a 3D activation map. RF energy was delivered to create continuous linear lesions: 3 lines (intercaval, isthmic, and anteroseptal) in the right atrium and a long line encircling the pulmonary veins in the left atrium. After RF application, the atria were remapped to validate completeness of the block lines, demonstrated by late activation of the areas circumscribed by the lines. The mean procedure duration was 312+/-103 minutes (range, 187 to 495), with mean fluoroscopy time of 107+/-44 minutes (range, 32 to 185 minutes). No acute complications occurred, but 1 patient experienced early prolonged sinus pauses and received a pacemaker. During the first day, 17 patients (63%) had AF episodes, but at discharge, 25 patients were in sinus rhythm. After a follow-up of 6. 0 to 15.3 months (average, 10.5+/-3.0 months), 16 patients are asymptomatic, 3 have an almost complete disappearance of symptoms, 1 patient is improved, and 7 patients have their AF attacks unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: Paroxysmal recurrent drug-refractory AF can be treated by RF catheter ablation. Creation of long continuous linear lesions necessary to compartmentalize the atria is facilitated by a nonfluoroscopic electroanatomic mapping system.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,484,541
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antiarrhythmic effects of the quaternary propranolol analog that does not induce beta-adrenergic blockade.
|
Pranolium chloride (dimethylpropranolol chloride) is a nonbeta blocking quaternary ammonium that has structural similarities to propranolol and bretylium that exert antiarrhythmic effects in animals. In initial studies, eight patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias were given gradually increasing intravenous doses of pranolium (up to 3 mg/kg) obtaining plasma concentrations up to 7 micrograms/ml without change in pulse, blood pressure, or arrhythmia frequency. We therefore evaluated the response to pranolium in seven similar patients at doses up to 10 mg/kg as an infusion of 100 microgram/kg/min over 40 to 100 min. At plasma concentrations of 4.7 to 12.2 micrograms/ml, there was suppressing of ventricular ectopic depolarization (greater than 90%) in three subjects and in two others there was partial suppression (49% and 82%). Arrhythmia frequency was unchanged in two. At plasma concentrations of 4.1 to 17.2 micrograms/ml four subjects developed nausea (two of these also vomited) and to experienced perioral numbness. There was no change in sinus heart rate, supine or standing blood pressure, venous reflex response (adrenergic reflex venoconstriction), or ECG intervals in any subject. Pranolium appeared to have antiarrhythmic efficacy in five of seven subjects, without evidence of beta-adrenergic blockade or interference with sympathetic neuron function known to occur with its congeners, propranolol and bretylium. There is a narrow margin between pranolium efficacy and toxicity. It may, however, be a prototype for antiarrhythmic drugs that do not exert undesirable effects on the adrenergic nervous system.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Propranolol']
| 7,083,729
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid measurement of brain macromolecular proton fraction with transient saturation transfer MRI.
|
PURPOSE: To develop an efficient MRI approach to estimate the nonwater proton fraction (f) in human brain.METHODS: We implement a brief, efficient magnetization transfer (MT) pulse that selectively saturates the magnetization of the (semi-) solid protons, and monitor the transfer of this saturation to the water protons as a function of delay after saturation.RESULTS: Analysis of the transient MT effect with two-pool model allowed robust extraction of f at both 3 and 7 T. This required estimating the longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1,MP and R1,WP ) for both proton pools, which was achieved with the assumption of uniform R1,MP and R1,WP across brain tissues. Resulting values of f were approximately 50% higher than reported previously, which is partly attributed to MT-pulse efficiency and R1,MP being higher than assumed previously.CONCLUSION: Experiments performed on human brain in vivo at 3 and 7 T demonstrate the ability of the method to robustly determine f in a scan time of approximately 5 min. Magn Reson Med 77:2174-2185, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Imaging', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 27,342,121
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['D05'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.557', 'E05.601.555'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['E05.196.867.519.775'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.800'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Muscle response to heavy resistance exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
|
Fourteen ambulatory children with spastic diplegia participated in a bilateral quadriceps strengthening program in an attempt to decrease the amount of knee crouch during gait. Each child exercised three times a week for six weeks using free ankle weights at a load of 65 per cent of maximum. A normal comparison group of 25 children was also tested under identical conditions. Children with cerebral palsy were significantly weaker in the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups than controls. Quadriceps strength increased significantly at all three angles of knee flexion as a result of the weight-training program and did not differ statistically from normal at the end of the program. Quadriceps weakness was shown to be a factor in crouch gait; restoring strength through resistance exercise may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of cerebral palsy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'Child', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Muscle Spasticity', 'Muscle, Skeletal']
| 7,672,470
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['C05.651.512', 'C10.597.613.550.550', 'C23.888.592.608.550.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ketoisophorone transformation by Marchantia polymorpha and Nicotiana tabacum cultured cells.
|
Stereospecific olefin (C=C) and carbonyl (C=O) reduction of the readily available prochiral compound ketoisophorone (2,2,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione) (1) by Marchantia polymorpha and Nicotiana tabacum cell suspension cultures produce the chiral products (6R)-levodione (2), (4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (3), and (4R,6R)-actinol (4) as well as the minor components (4R)-hydroxyisophorone (5) and (4S)-phorenol (6).
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclohexanones', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Marchantia', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tobacco']
| 18,669,027
|
[['A11.251'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.340', 'D02.522.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.462.750'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.196.867'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Life sentence.
|
Seven years ago nurse Dee Winzar was given a life sentence for murdering her husband Nic McCarthy. But a growing body of opinion says the verdict was unsafe.
|
['Homicide', 'Humans', 'Prisoners', 'Spouses', 'United Kingdom']
| 18,087,874
|
[['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.729'], ['F01.829.263.500.660', 'I01.880.853.150.500.670', 'M01.816'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Membrane oxidation assay--a novel lipoxygenase-based evaluation of membrane oxidizability.
|
A membrane oxidation assay is presented which uses isolated erythrocyte membranes ("ghosts") alipoxygenase as a selective catalyst for the transfer of oxygen to cis-cis-1,4-pentadiene-moieties. The latter are, for instance, present in linoleic and arachidonic acids, both of which are integral parts of membranes. These non-conjugated double bonds represent energetically favorable sites for oxidative attack and therefore, may be rearranged and partially consumed during oxidative stress. Consequently, the measurement of oxygen consumption in the course of the lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation provides a tool for the quick and reliable determination of such double bonds. Significant inter-individual differences have been noted in 11 subjects, which also correlate to the total radical antioxidant parameter (TRAP) values obtained. This assay will be helpful in the assessment of oxidizable structures in erythrocyte membranes that may be diminished as a consequence of oxidative damage suffered by an individual. In conclusion, a simple and rapid assay for the assessment of the oxidizability of erythrocyte membranes is presented complementing the TRAP assay for plasma antioxidative status.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cholesterol', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Free Radicals', 'Humans', 'Lipoxygenase', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Time Factors']
| 12,747,735
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.625', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.750'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure of the calmodulin alphaII-spectrin complex provides insight into the regulation of cell plasticity.
|
AlphaII-spectrin is a major cortical cytoskeletal protein contributing to membrane organization and integrity. The Ca2+-activated binding of calmodulin to an unstructured insert in the 11th repeat unit of alphaII-spectrin enhances the susceptibility of spectrin to calpain cleavage but abolishes its sensitivity to several caspases and to at least one bacterially derived pathologic protease. Other regulatory inputs including phosphorylation by c-Src also modulate the proteolytic susceptibility of alphaII-spectrin. These pathways, acting through spectrin, appear to control membrane plasticity and integrity in several cell types. To provide a structural basis for understanding these crucial biological events, we have solved the crystal structure of a complex between bovine calmodulin and the calmodulin-binding domain of human alphaII-spectrin (Protein Data Bank ID code 2FOT). The structure revealed that the entire calmodulin-spectrin-binding interface is hydrophobic in nature. The spectrin domain is also unique in folding into an amphiphilic helix once positioned within the calmodulin-binding groove. The structure of this complex provides insight into the mechanisms by which calmodulin, calpain, caspase, and tyrosine phosphorylation act on spectrin to regulate essential cellular processes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Calmodulin', 'Calpain', 'Cattle', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Spectrin']
| 16,945,920
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.120', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.220.980', 'D12.776.543.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with pyrazoloacridine in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
|
We examined the effects of pyrazoloacridine (PZA), an investigational anticancer agent in clinical trials, on cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. With PZA concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 microM for durations of 3-72 hr, cytotoxicity increased in proportion to the total PZA exposure (concentration x time). Inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses increased with increasing PZA concentration x time (microM.hr). A 24-hr exposure to 1 and 10 microM PZA reduced DNA synthesis to 62 and 5% of control, respectively, decreased the proportion of cells in S phase with accumulation of cells in G2 + M phase, and inhibited cell growth at 72 hr by 68 and 100%. Newly synthesized DNA was more susceptible to damage during PZA exposure, with subsequent induction of parental DNA damage. Significant damage to newly synthesized DNA as monitored by alkaline elution was evident after a 3-hr exposure to > or = 5 microM PZA. Longer PZA exposures (> or = 10 microM for 16 hr) were required to elicit damage to parental DNA. Induction of single-strand breaks in parental DNA correlated closely with induction of double-strand breaks and detachment of cells from the monolayer. PZA-mediated DNA fragmentation was not accompanied by the generation of oligonucleosomal laddering in MCF-7 cells, but induction of very high molecular weight DNA fragmentation (0.5 to 1 Mb) was detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In vitro binding of PZA to linear duplex DNA (1 kb DNA ladder) and closed, circular plasmid DNA was demonstrated by a shift in migration during agarose electrophoresis. PZA interfered with topoisomerase I- and II-mediated relaxation of plasmid DNA in a cell-free system, but the cytotoxic effects of PZA did not appear to involve a direct interaction with topoisomerase I or II (stabilization of the topoisomerase I- or II-DNA cleavable complex). PZA-mediated cytotoxicity correlated strongly with inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses, and damage to both nascent and parental DNA. Neither the cytotoxicity of PZA nor induction of double-stranded DNA fragmentation was prevented by aphidicolin, indicating that PZA-mediated lethality occurred in the absence of DNA replication. Since free radical formation was not detected, induction of nascent and parental DNA damage appeared to be a consequence of the avid binding of PZA to DNA, presumably by interfering with the access of replication, repair, and transcription enzyme complexes.
|
['Acridines', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Count', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophoresis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pyrazoles', 'Time Factors']
| 8,687,480
|
[['D03.633.300.046'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of mobile laminar airflow units on airborne bacterial contamination during neurosurgical procedures.
|
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after neurosurgery are potentially life-threatening and entail great costs. SSIs may occur from airborne bacteria in the operating room, and ultraclean air is desired during infection-prone cleaning procedures. Door openings and the number of persons present in the operating room affect the air quality. Mobile laminar airflow (MLAF) units, with horizontal laminar airflow, have previously been shown to reduce airborne bacterial contamination.AIM: To assess the effect of MLAF units on airborne bacterial contamination during neurosurgical procedures.METHODS: In a quasi-experimental design, bacteria-carrying particles (colony-forming units: cfu) during neurosurgical procedures were measured with active air-sampling in operating rooms with conventional turbulent ventilation, and with additional MLAF units. The MLAF units were shifted between operating rooms monthly. Colony-forming unit count and bacterial species detection were conducted after incubation. Data was collected for a period of 18 months.FINDINGS: A total of 233 samples were collected during 45 neurosurgical procedures. The use of MLAF units significantly reduced the numbers of cfu in the surgical site area (P < 0.001) and above the instrument table (P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that the only significant predictor affecting cfu count was the use of MLAF units (odds ratio: 41.6; 95% confidence interval: 11.3-152.8; P < 0.001). The most frequently detected bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci.CONCLUSION: MLAF successfully reduces cfu during neurosurgery to ultraclean air levels. MLAF units are valuable when the main operating room ventilation system is unable to produce ultraclean air in infection-prone clean neurosurgery.
|
['Air Microbiology', 'Bacteria', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Environment, Controlled', 'Humans', 'Mobile Health Units', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 29,580,895
|
[['H01.158.273.540.274.110', 'N06.850.425.110'], ['B03'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['N06.230.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.421.702', 'N02.421.726.233.628'], ['E04.525'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.250']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of surface potential on aggregation and transport of titania nanoparticles.
|
To investigate the effect of pH on nanoparticle aggregation and transport in porous media, we quantified nanoparticle transport in two-dimensional structures. Titania was used as a model compound to explore the effects of surface potential on particle mobility in the subsurface. Results show that pH, and therefore, surface potential and aggregate size, dominate nanoparticle interactions with each other and surfaces. In each solution, nanoparticle aggregate size distributions were bimodal or trimodal, and aggregate sizes increased as the pH approached the pH of the point of zero charge (pHzpc). Over 80% of suspended particles and aggregates were mobile over the pH range of 1-12, except close to the pHzpc of the surfaces, where the particles are highly aggregated. The effect of pH on transport is not symmetric around the pHzpc of the particles due to charging of the channel surfaces. However, transport speed of nanoparticle aggregates did not vary with pH. The surface element integration technique, which takes into account the effect of curvature of particles on interaction energy, was used to evaluate the ability of theory to predict nanoparticle transport.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Nanoparticles', 'Surface Properties', 'Titanium']
| 17,256,514
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.300'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Irreversible inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase by alpha-(fluoromethyl)glutamic acid.
|
alpha-(Fluoromethyl)glutamic acid (FMG) was synthesized and shown to be an active site directed irreversible inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) from Escherichia coli. The KI for the active enantiomer is 1.4 microM, and the kinh = 5.9 X 10(-3) s-1. Substrates for the enzyme, such as L-glutamate, and competitive inhibitors, such as citrate, decrease the rates of FMG-mediated inactivation of the enzyme. A profound change in the ultraviolet spectrum of the enzyme accompanies the inactivation process. When [3H]-FMG is used, it can be shown that the enzyme incorporates radioactivity at the same rate as that of inactivation. There is a 1:1 stoichiometry of [3H]FMG incorporated to pyridoxal phosphate binding subunits of the enzyme. From these and other studies it is concluded that FMG is a substrate for the enzyme and alkylates it as a consequence of this turnover.
|
['Binding, Competitive', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Carboxy-Lyases', 'Citrates', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glutamate Decarboxylase', 'Glutamates', 'Kinetics', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Tritium']
| 7,011,364
|
[['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['D08.811.520.224.125'], ['D02.241.081.901.434'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.250'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of the absence of the detrusor muscle in initial transurethral resected specimens and the presence of residual tumor tissue.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between surgeon's experience, tumor characteristics, absent detrusor muscle (DM) tissue in resected specimens, and residual tumor after an initial transurethral resection.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an analysis of 216 patients from two centers over a 3-year period. Patients with primary bladder tumors that were judged to have been completely resected were recruited. The data included tumor characteristics, surgeon category, and DM status. Logistic regression multivariate analyses were conducted.RESULTS: Large tumors, lateral/dome/anterior wall tumors, and surgery performed by junior surgeons were independently associated with absent DM. Large tumors, dome/anterior wall tumors, T1 and absent DM were independently associated with residual disease. The absence and presence of the DM were associated with residual tumor rates of 51.8 and 20.9%, respectively (OR 15.537). Resection by senior surgeons was associated with the presence of DM and clean resection (OR 0.274 and 0.141, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Absent DM and residual tumor were more likely to occur in cases involving large tumors that were located in the lateral/dome/anterior wall, especially when the surgery was performed by a junior surgeon. Absent DM appears to be a surrogate marker for residual disease.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Oncology', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Odds Ratio', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Urology']
| 22,922,447
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.429.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['H02.403.810.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adenosine action on interneurons and synaptic transmission onto interneurons in rat hippocampus in vitro.
|
To investigate the action of adenosine on interneurons as well as on excitatory synaptic transmission onto interneurons in the hippocampus, intracellular recordings were made from electrophysiologically identified interneurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice in vitro. The effects of adenosine and the preferential adenosine A1 receptor agonist, chloroadenosine, were examined. Application of 50 microM adenosine and 20 microM chloroadenosine to the bath produced a hyperpolarization of 5.6+/-1.6 (n=5) and 6.1+/-1.4 mV (n=6), respectively, as well as a decrease in membrane input resistance of 18.1+/-3.5% (n=5) and 18.5+/-1.4% (n=6), respectively. Adenosine depressed the postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) elicited in the interneurons by stimulation of Schaffer collateral fibers by 73+/-6.8% (n=5). The amplitude and the duration of the afterhyperpolarization which followed the spike of the action potential were attenuated by 48+/-6.9% and 31+/-8.6%, respectively (n=5). Chloroadenosine depressed the evoked PSPs in these interneurons by 61.2+/-2.7% (n=6) and depressed the duration and the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization by 85.2+/-4.5% and by 72.6+/-4.8%, respectively (n=6). The data show that adenosine and chloroadenosine directly inhibit hippocampal CA1 interneurons by blocking the synaptic input, by hyperpolarizing the membrane potential and by depressing the afterhyperpolarization following individual action potential spikes. It is proposed that adenosine A1 receptors are present at pre- and/or postsynaptic sites of interneuron synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region. The present findings demonstrate that adenosine A1 receptor activation in CA1 interneurons is able to modulate the excitatory synaptic input to, and excitability of, these neurons. Thus, as adenosine is released during ischemia and epilepsy, adenosine may protect both interneurons and pyramidal cells from glutamate excitotoxicity through activation of adenosine A1 receptors on these neurons in the hippocampus.
|
['2-Chloroadenosine', 'Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Hippocampus', 'Interneurons', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Purinergic P1', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 11,068,019
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138.300', 'D13.570.583.138.300', 'D13.570.800.096.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.725.200.100'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphometry of the optic nerve and retinal vessels in children by computer-assisted image analysis of fundus photographs.
|
BACKGROUND: The retinal fundus in childhood has a different morphology than in adulthood. Existing methods are not suitable for evaluation of fundus photographs from children. Therefore, a new method for quantitative analysis of fundus morphology utilizing a personal computer-assisted digital mapping system was developed.METHODS: A CCD flatbed scanner is used to digitize fundus photographs, producing computer images which are analyzed on an IBM/AT computer. Area measurements of the optic disc, excavation and peripapillary crescent are made, as well as determinations of the length, branching, tortuosity and distribution of the retinal vessels on the fundus surface.RESULTS: Determination of the inter- and intra-observer variability of the computer-assisted image analysis technique demonstrated good reproducibility. The method is demonstrated using fundus photographs of six normal children and six children with the fetal alcohol syndrome. Typical variations in appearance of optic disc and retinal vessels are seen.CONCLUSION: The system is unique in measuring both the optic nerve head and the retinal vessels and is therefore especially useful for detailed studies of normal and abnormal development of these structures in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Observer Variation', 'Optic Disk', 'Optic Nerve', 'Photography', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retinal Vessels', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 7,758,982
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C13.703.277.220', 'C16.300.070', 'C25.775.100.087.323'], ['A09.371.729.313'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A07.015.611'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The role of cultural models in local perceptions of SFM--differences and similarities of interest groups from three boreal regions.
|
Differences in the way local and regional interest groups perceive Sustainable Forest Management in regions with different forest use histories were studied using Southeastern Finland, the Mauricie in Quebec and Central Labrador in Canada as examples of regions with high, medium and low importance of commercial forestry. We present a conceptual model illustrating the cyclic interaction between the forest, cultural models about forests and forest management. We hypothesized that peoples' perceptions would be influenced by their cultural models about forests and would thus vary amongst regions with different forest use histories and among different interest groups. The weightings of the environmental, economic and social components of sustainability as well as themes important for each of the interest groups were elicited using individual listing of SFM indicators and group work aimed at developing a consensus opinion on a common indicator list. In Southeastern Finland the views of the different groups were polarized along the environment-economy axis, whereas in Central Labrador all groups were environmentally oriented. The social dimension was low overall except among the Metis and the Innu in Labrador. Only environmental groups were similar in all three research regions, the largest differences between regions were found among the forestry professionals in their weightings concerning economy and nature. As the importance of commercial forestry increased, a greater importance of economic issues was expressed whereas the opposite trend was observed for issues regarding nature. Also inter-group differences grew as the importance of commercial forestry increased in the region. Forest management and forest use can be seen as factors strongly influencing peoples' cultural models on forests.
|
['Cultural Characteristics', 'Finland', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Newfoundland and Labrador', 'Quebec', 'Trees']
| 18,321,636
|
[['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['E05.599'], ['Z01.107.567.176.540'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A study on household headship, living arrangement, and recipient of pension among the older adults in association with suicidal risks.
|
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine whether variation in socioeconomic factors indicative of lower status within families in later life, such as the elderly losing their household headship, living with descendants, and having no pension are associated with suicidal risks among the older adults aged 60 years and above in the world.METHODS: Using the data from the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2015, the suicide age ratios (i.e., suicide rate ratios between older adults aged >=60 years versus the younger groups aged <60 years) for the 173 regions were computed and compared. The suicide age ratio rather than the actual rate is used to adjust the difference in base rates among different countries. Forest plots were performed to assess whether late-life status within families moderated the worldwide patterns of suicide age ratios. Regression analyses were used to estimate the extent to which the factors reflecting family status affect suicide age ratios. Gender-specific analyses were also performed.RESULTS: The results showed that higher suicide age ratios were significantly found in regions with lower percentages of the elderly being heads of households (ratios=1.69 vs 2.73, P<0.01), higher percentages of co-residence of the elderly with their descendants (ratios=2.72 vs 1.39, P<0.01), and lower percentages of the elderly receiving a pension (ratios=1.42 vs 2.76, P<0.01). In the adjusted regression, having no pension remained to be a significant determinant for both overall population (P = 0.01) and men (P<0.01) but not for women (P = 0.29), and loss of household headship was only significant for men (P = 0.05) but not for either overall population (P = 0.22) or women (P = 0.55), whereas the elderly living with their descendants was no longer significant for either overall population (P = 0.60) or both genders (men: P = 0.72; women P = 0.11).LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional data do not allow to explore causal effect analyses.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first global study to reveal associations between lower socioeconomic status within families and higher rates of suicide among older adults aged 60 years and above compared with the younger population. Thus, the present ecological findings suggest that strategies to enhance the socioeconomic status of older adults may be important to prevent suicides in later life both within and across countries.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family Characteristics', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pensions', 'Regression Analysis', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Suicide']
| 31,299,443
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370', 'I01.880.853.150.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.824.417.510'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A survey of resident perspectives on surgical case minimums and the impact on milestones, graduation, credentialing, and preparation for practice: AOA critical issues.
|
Residency education continues to evolve. Several major changes have occurred in the past several years, including emphasis on core competencies, duty-hour restrictions, and call. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Next Accreditation System (NAS) implemented educational milestones in orthopaedic surgery in July 2013. Additionally, the Residency Review Committee for orthopaedic surgery published suggested surgical case minimums in 2012, which overlap with several of the milestones.We conducted a survey to assess the opinions of orthopaedic residents regarding the ACGME-suggested surgical case minimums and the effects that these may have on resident education and potential future privileges in hospitals. The survey was sent via e-mail to all of the residents participating in the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) Resident Leadership Forum for both 2011 and 2012. Participants in the Resident Leadership Forum are in either postgraduate year 4 or postgraduate year 5, are selected by the program directors as resident leaders, and represent 80% of the orthopaedic residency programs in the United States. The survey was completed by 157 of the 314 participants. Sixty-nine percent of the participants believed that case logs with minimum numbers of surgical procedures were an effective way to monitor the work but were not necessarily the only way to monitor the educational progress of the residents. Thirty-two percent believed that the minimums should not be required. Overwhelmingly, there was agreement that important cases were missing from the currently proposed sixteen core surgical minimums. Specifically, the residents believed that a minimum number of cases are necessary for distal radial fracture fixation and proximal humeral fracture fixation and possibly have a milestone to reflect the progress of the residents for each fixation.Most residents thought that surgical case minimums are an effective tool in monitoring the progress of residents and measuring the effectiveness of residency programs. However, the surgical ability of an individual resident should not be evaluated on case minimums alone. The development of the milestones to assess competency should continue, but, as surgical skill is not a specific core competency, perhaps other methods for assessing surgical proficiency need to be developed rather than case minimums. Surgical skills laboratories and proctoring residents independently performing procedures may help to assess surgical proficiency, in addition to traditional faculty and 360° evaluations. Combining these types of assessments with surgical case logs documenting the residents' educational experience seems to be the best path going forward in assessing the development of young surgeons.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Competence', 'Credentialing', 'Data Collection', 'Education, Medical, Graduate', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Orthopedics', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'United States', 'Workload']
| 25,471,921
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['N03.706.110', 'N05.700.200'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['I02.358.337.350', 'I02.358.399.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.810.494'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pneumonia eosinofilic in pediatrics, clinical cases.
|
INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic Pneumonia (EP) is a very rare disorder in Pediatrics. It is characterized by the infiltra tion of eosinophils in the pulmonary and alveolar interstitium, and may be primary or secondary as well as present an acute or chronic progress.OBJECTIVE: to present 2 pediatric EP clinical cases which were diagnosed at the pediatric intensive care unit of Clinica Indisa in Santiago, Chile between 2014 and 2017.CLINICAL CASES: Two older infants, who were hospitalized due to respiratory failure with a diagnosis of viral pneumonia. Both have asthmatic mothers. Additionally, they both had febrile syn drome, persistent condensation images in the chest x-rays, and peripheral eosinophilia throughout the course of the disease. One of the infants required oxygen for more than one month, and there was no eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In this case, the diagnosis of EP was reached via pulmonary biopsy. The other infant required mechanic ventilation for 28 days, and was diagnosed due to eosinophilia greater than 25% in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Both patients had excellent res ponse to systemic corticosteroids.CONCLUSION: After ruling out other causes, EP should be suspected in children with pneumonia diagnosis, and persistent symptoms that do not respond positively to treatment, especially if associated with peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnosis of EP in pediatrics is confirmed with eosinophilia greater than 20% in BAL and, in some cases, it is necessary to perform a lung biopsy.
|
['Biopsy', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage', 'Eosinophilia', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'Pulmonary Eosinophilia', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Insufficiency']
| 32,186,589
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E05.927.100'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A04.411'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['C08.381.750', 'C15.378.553.231.549.750'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.618.846']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Multimodal approach to postoperative analgesia in patients with neuropathic pain].
|
Chronic neuropathic pain syndrome observed prior to surgery not only influences the intensity of pain, but also reduces the efficiency of selective use of analgesics. The purpose of the investigation was to study the efficiency of various analgesics and their combinations after lumbar microdiskectomy. Seventy-six patients who had undergone lumbar microdiskectomy and who suffered from chronic back pain were examined. According to the mode of postoperative analgesia, the patients were divided into 4 groups: 1) 20 patients received i. m. promedol 20 mg (a control group); 2) 20 had i. v. tramal (patient-controlled anesthesia); 3) 18 were given i. v. xefocam 24 mg/day; 4) 18 i. v. ketamine 0.1 mg/kg/hour + i. v. xefocam 24 mg/day. Their analgesic effect was evaluated using a visual analogue scale 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after surgery. The use of xefocam in combination with microdose ketamine was ascertained to cause no increase in the frequency of adverse reactions, to upgrade the quality of analgesia, and to minimize the intensity of pain 24 hours following surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Analgesics', 'Back Pain', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Male', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,102,243
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Demonstrating the pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on long-term prognosis of diastolic heart failure.
|
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and pharmacogenetic interaction on the survival of the patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF). A total of 285 subjects with DHF confirmed by echocardiography were recruited in the period between 1995 and 2003. Baseline characteristics (age, sex, prior history, medication, and echocardiographic findings) and genetic polymorphisms (ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism; T174M, M235T, G-6A, A-20C, G-152A, and G-217A polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene; and A1166C polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R)) were collected and matched (by propensity score) in those who received and those who did not receive ACE inhibitors. The patients were followed up to 10 years. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to demonstrate the survival trend. The 85 patients who received ACE inhibitors and the other 85 patients who did not were found to have comparable baseline characteristics and polymorphism distribution. Prescription of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant decrease in overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.83; P=0.01), and a lower rate of cardiovascular events at 4000 days (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.90; P=0.02). In addition, ACE I/D gene D allele was associated with higher overall mortality as compared with the I allele (HR, 2.04; P=0.003). This effect was diminished in those who received ACE inhibitors. The use of ACE inhibitor was associated with a significant decrease in long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in the patients with DHF. Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin system genes were also associated, but their effects could be modified by the use of ACE inhibitors.
|
['Aged', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Deletion', 'Heart Failure, Diastolic', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prognosis', 'Propensity Score', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Angiotensin', 'Renin-Angiotensin System']
| 19,752,885
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['C14.280.434.611'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130'], ['G03.820', 'G09.330.380.813']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Allosteric communication between signal peptides and the SecA protein DEAD motor ATPase domain.
|
SecA, the preprotein translocase ATPase is built of an amino-terminal DEAD helicase motor domain bound to a regulatory C-domain. SecA recognizes mature and signal peptide preprotein regions. We now demonstrate that the amino-terminal 263 residues of the ATPase subdomain of the DEAD motor are necessary and sufficient for high affinity signal peptide binding. Binding is abrogated by deletion of residues 219-244 that lie within SSD, a novel substrate specificity element of the ATPase subdomain. SSD is essential for protein translocation, is unique to SecA, and is absent from other DEAD proteins. Signal peptide binding to the DEAD motor is controlled in trans by the C-terminal intramolecular regulator of ATPase (IRA1) switch. IRA1 mutations that activate the DEAD motor ATPase also enhance signal peptide affinity. This mechanism coordinates signal peptide binding with ATPase activation. Signal peptide binding causes widespread conformational changes to the ATPase subdomain and inhibits the DEAD motor ATPase. This involves an allosteric mechanism, since binding occurs at sites that are distinct from the catalytic ATPase determinants. Our data reveal the physical determinants and sophisticated intramolecular regulation that allow signal peptides to act as allosteric effectors of the SecA motor.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Allosteric Site', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Cytoplasm', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Models, Genetic', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Sorting Signals', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'SEC Translocation Channels', 'SecA Proteins', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 11,825,907
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['G02.111.570.120.147'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.644.770', 'G02.111.570.060.670'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D05.500.890.625', 'D12.776.157.530.875', 'D12.776.543.585.875'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.494'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Reactivation of Escherichia coli inactivated by ultraviolet light by cell extracts of propionic acid bacteria].
|
For the first time reactivation of cell extract of three strains of Propionibacterium shermanii in UV inactivated not filament-forming strain Escherichia colli AB 1157 is shown. Reactivation was demonstrated in preincubated and postincubated test-culture and increased as survival of E. coli decreased in a range 1.8-0.006%. The factor (factors) of defense is dialysable, thermolabile and is present as in a fraction of nucleoproteins and nucleic acids so in a fraction of soluble proteins. The extracts were inactivated by incubation with proteinase K and trypsin, partly decreased activity by incubation with alpha-amylase and selected nuclease but not with lipase. Polypeptide nature of reactivating factor is supposed.
|
['Carbon', 'Culture Media', 'Dialysis', 'Enzymes', 'Escherichia coli', 'Propionibacterium', 'Species Specificity', 'Temperature', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 8,114,646
|
[['D01.268.150'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D08.811'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.510.024.990.600', 'B03.510.460.400.400.600.600'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent stimulation of smooth muscle actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase by fodrin.
|
Fodrin, a spectrin-like actin and calmodulin binding protein, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a membrane fraction of bovine brain. The effect of fodrin on smooth muscle actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase activity was examined by using a system reconstituted from skeletal muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin and regulatory proteins. The simulation of actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase by fodrin showed a biphasic dependence on fodrin concentration and on the time of actin and myosin preincubation at 30 degrees C. Maximal stimulation (50-70%) was obtained at 3 nM fodrin following 10 min of preincubation of actin and myosin. This stimulation was also dependent on the presence of tropomyosin. In the absence of myosin light chain kinase, the fodrin stimulation of Mg2+-ATPase could not be demonstrated with normal actomyosin but could be demonstrated with acto-thiophosphorylated myosin, suggesting that fodrin stimulation depends on the phosphorylation of myosin. Fodrin stimulation was shown to require the presence of both Ca2+ and calmodulin when acto-thiophosphorylated myosin was used. These observations suggest a possible functional role of fodrin in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction and demonstrate an effect on Ca2+ and calmodulin on fodrin function.
|
['Actins', 'Actomyosin', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase', 'Calcium', 'Calmodulin', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cattle', 'Chickens', 'Gizzard, Avian', 'Kinetics', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myosins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Rabbits']
| 2,952,165
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D12.776.210.500.154'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.095'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D12.776.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['A13.853.355'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['D12.776.631'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Additive effect of cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase blockade on the cerebrocortical microcirculation.
|
The contribution of vasodilator cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites to the maintenance of the cerebrocortical blood flow (CBF) has been studied under physiological conditions and in nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. Inhibition of COX decreased resting CBF without changing arterial blood pressure. NO synthase blockade resulted in hypertension and CBF reduction as well as in enhanced cerebral prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 production. Despite the increased vasodilator prostanoid release in the absence of NO, the CBF-decreasing effect of COX blockade failed to increase. Therefore, the COX pathway seems to play a similar role under physiological and NO-deficient conditions in the maintenance of the resting CBF.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Dinoprostone', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epoprostenol', 'Hypertension', 'Indomethacin', 'Male', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 19,579,269
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enhanced solubility, stability, and transcorneal permeability of ä-8-tetrahydrocannabinol in the presence of cyclodextrins.
|
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on aqueous solubility, stability, and in vitro corneal permeability of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Ä(8)-THC). Phase solubility of Ä(8)-THC was studied in the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-â-cyclodextrin (HPâCD), randomly methylated-â-cyclodextrin (RMâCD) and sulfobutyl ether-â-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SâCD). Stability of Ä(8)-THC in 5% w/v aqueous CD solutions, as a function of pH, was studied following standard protocols. In vitro corneal permeation of Ä(8)-THC (with and without CDs) across excised rabbit cornea was also determined. Phase-solubility profile of Ä(8)-THC in the presence of both HPâCD and RMâCD was of the A(P) type, whereas, with SâCD an A(L) type was apparent. Aqueous solubility of Ä(8)-THC increased to 1.65, 2.4, and 0.64 mg/mL in the presence of 25% w/v HPâCD, RMâCD, and SâCD, respectively. Significant degradation of Ä(8)-THC was not observed within the study period at the pH values studied, except for at pH 1.2. Transcorneal permeation of Ä(8)-THC was dramatically improved in the presence of CDs. The results demonstrate that CDs significantly increase aqueous solubility, stability, and transcorneal permeation of Ä(8)-THC. Thus, topical ophthalmic formulations containing Ä(8)-THC and modified beta CDs may show markedly improved ocular bioavailability.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Cornea', 'Cyclodextrins', 'Dronabinol', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Stability', 'Male', 'Permeability', 'Rabbits', 'Solubility']
| 21,637,944
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['D02.455.849.090.810'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.916.330'], ['G02.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interleukin-28B rs12979860C/T and rs8099917T/G contribute to spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in Caucasians.
|
Two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860C/T and rs8099917T/G around interleukin-28B (IL28B) locus have been extensively investigated in their association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) spontaneous clearance. However, with the variable and even inconsistent results, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted to seek articles about genetic variation of IL28B and spontaneous clearance of HCV. Odds ratio with 95% confidential interval were calculated to estimate their relationship. Furthermore, meta-regression analysis was performed to search for potential affective factors. A total of 8 studies including 2460 patients with chronic HCV infection and 1052 individuals with spontaneous HCV clearance met inclusion criteria, in which seven studies describing rs12979860 and three studies describing rs8099917. Analysis performed in Caucasian populations indicated that rs12979860CC and rs8099917TT contributed to HCV spontaneous clearance in both dominant model (CC vs. CT+TT, P<1?10(-4); TT vs. TG+GG, P<10(-4), respectively) and co-dominant model (CC vs. CT, P<1?10(-4), CC vs. TT, P<1?10(-4); TT vs. TG, P<10(-4), TT vs. GG, P=0.012, respectively). Meta-regression analysis suggested that male proportion (P=1?10(-5)) and mean age (P=1?10(-3)) might weaken the effect of rs12979860CC, but HCV genotype 1/4 (P=4?10(-4)) might contribute to it. IL28B rs12979860CC and rs8099917TT genotypes contribute to spontaneous HCV clearance in Caucasians.
|
['European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interferons', 'Interleukins', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Viral Load']
| 23,266,640
|
[['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of three models of saccade disconjugacy in strabismus.
|
In pattern strabismus the horizontal and vertical misalignments vary with eye position along the orthogonal axis. The disorder is typically described in terms of overaction or underaction of oblique muscles. Recent behavioral studies in humans and monkeys, however, have reported that such actions are insufficient to fully explain the patterns of directional and amplitude disconjugacy of saccades. There is mounting evidence that the oculomotor abnormalities associated with strabismus are at least partially attributable to neurophysiological abnormalities. A number of control systems models have been developed to simulate the kinematic characteristics of saccades in normal primates. In the present study we sought to determine whether these models could simulate the abnormalities of saccades in strabismus by making two assumptions: 1) in strabismus the burst generator gains differ for the two eyes and 2) abnormal crosstalk exists between the horizontal and vertical saccadic circuits in the brain stem. We tested three models, distinguished by the location of the horizontal-vertical crosstalk. All three models were able to simulate amplitude and directional saccade disconjugacy, postsaccadic drift, and a pattern strabismus for static fixation, but they made different predictions about the dynamics of saccades. By assuming that crosstalk occurs at multiple nodes, the Distributed Crosstalk Model correctly predicted the dynamics of saccades. These new models make additional predictions that can be tested with future neurophysiological experiments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Over the past several decades, numerous control systems models have been devised to simulate the known kinematic features of saccades in normal primates. These models have proven valuable to neurophysiology, as a means of generating testable predictions. The present manuscript, as far as we are aware, is the first to present control systems models to simulate the known abnormalities of saccades in strabismus.
|
['Animals', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Models, Neurological', 'Saccades', 'Strabismus']
| 28,904,108
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['G14.350.500'], ['C10.292.562.887', 'C11.590.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Disability in post-earthquake Haiti: prevalence and inequality in access to services.
|
PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of disability and service needs in post-earthquake Haiti, and to compare the inclusion and living conditions of people with disabilities to those without disabilities.METHODS: A population-based prevalence survey of disability was undertaken in 2012 in Port-au-Prince region, which was at the centre of the earthquake in 2010. Sixty clusters of 50 people aged 5 + years were selected with probability proportionate to size sampling and screened for disability (Washington Group short set questionnaire). A case-control study was undertaken, nested within the survey, matching cases to controls by age, gender and cluster. There was additional case finding to identify further children with disabilities. Information was collected on: socioeconomic status, education, livelihood, health, activities, participation and barriers.RESULTS: The prevalence of disability was 4.1% (3.4-4.7%) across 3132 eligible individuals. The earthquake was the second leading cause of disability. Disability was more common with increasing age, but unrelated to poverty. Large gaps existed in access of services for people with disabilities. Adults with disabilities were less likely to be literate or work and more likely to visit health services than adults without disabilities. Children with disabilities were less likely to be currently enrolled at school compared to controls. Children and adults with disabilities reported more activity limitations and participation restriction.CONCLUSION: Further focus is needed to improve inclusion of people with disabilities in post-earthquake Haiti to ensure that their rights are fulfilled.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Almost one in six households in this region of Haiti included a person with a disability, and the earthquake was the second leading cause of disability. Fewer than half of people who reported needing medical rehabilitation had received this service. The leading reported barriers to the uptake of health services included financial constraints (50%) and difficulties with transport (40%). People with disabilities did not participate equally in education or employment and had poorer access to health care.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disabled Children', 'Earthquakes', 'Employment', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Haiti', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Sex Distribution', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 25,178,862
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.150.200'], ['G01.311.250', 'N06.230.100.230.200'], ['N01.824.245'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['Z01.107.084.900.425', 'Z01.639.880.425'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Impaired relaxation of the human mammary artery after temporary clamping.
|
Internal mammary artery specimens from 17 patients were each divided into three separate rings. One ring (control) remained in Krebs solution and the other two were clamped for 30 minutes with either a soft or hard jaw clamp. Isometric tensions were measured in an organ chamber by contracting the rings twice with a thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619, and relaxing the rings first with the endothelium-dependent agent acetylcholine followed by the endothelium-independent agent sodium nitroprusside. Endothelium-dependent maximal relaxation of the rings was impaired from control after both soft (20% versus 91%; p < 0.01) and hard (1% versus 91%; p < 0.01) jaw clamps were used. However, relaxation after use of hard jaw clamps was significantly less than after use of soft jaw clamps (1% versus 20%; p < 0.05). Endothelium-independent maximal relaxation was not impaired from control after soft jaw clamps (89% versus 97%) were applied but was significantly impaired after use of the hard jaw clamps compared with control (73% versus 97%; p < 0.01) and compared with soft jaw clamps (73% versus 89%; p < 0.05). Rings of internal mammary artery specimens from 10 patients from each experimental group were silver stained. The percentage of intact endothelial cells was significantly greater after soft jaw clamping than after hard jaw clamping (39% versus 15%; p < 0.02). These data suggest that soft jaw clamps significantly reduce the degree of vasoactive dysfunction compared with hard jaw clamps. In addition, soft jaw clamps produce fewer morphologic changes in the human mammary artery after temporary occlusion.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Constriction', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mammary Arteries', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Nitroprusside', 'Papaverine', 'Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic']
| 1,405,697
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['E05.225'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A07.015.114.891.525'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['D03.132.098.666', 'D03.132.577.750', 'D03.633.100.531.085.666'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.250', 'D23.469.700.630']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Onset and persistence of daily smoking: the interplay of socioeconomic status, gender, and psychiatric disorders.
|
UNLABELLED: Gains in reducing the prevalence of smoking observed over the past 40 years have been substantially lower among lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups and women. In parallel, there have been strong and consistent associations of psychiatric disorders with SES, gender, and smoking. Yet few studies have examined the interrelations among these factors to identify their unique and shared contributions. In this study we examine (1) to what degree SES and gender predict new onset of daily smoking and persistence during the current period when rates of smoking have been stable overall; and (2) given the association of psychiatric disorders with gender, SES, and cigarette smoking, to what degree psychiatric disorders explain or alter the associations between gender, SES, and cigarette smoking.METHODS: Longitudinal data for U.S. adults come from Waves 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2003-2004) of the National Epidemiologic Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions (N=34,653). DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were assessed with AUDADIS-IV. Logistic regression was used to estimate risk of transitions to daily smoking and persistence over the 3-year follow-up.RESULTS: Gender, education, occupation, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (SUDs) independently predicted the onset of daily smoking at W2, with greater gender differences observed at lower levels of education. However, no interactions were found between active psychiatric disorders and either gender or SES in predicting the onset of daily smoking. Only being Native American/Alaskan, having an active SUD, and number of cigarettes smoked per day predicted persistence of daily smoking at W2.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Social Class', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 19,487,086
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ozone tolerance in lichens: a possible explanation from biochemical to physiological level using Flavoparmelia caperata as test organism.
|
Lichens are among the best biomonitors of airborne pollutants, but surprisingly they reveal high tolerance to ozone (O3). It was recently suggested that this might be due to the high levels of natural defences against oxidative stress, related to their poikilohydric life strategy. The objective of this work is to give a thorough description of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that are at the basis of the O3-tolerance of lichens. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlaF) emission, histochemical ROS localization in the lichen thallus, and biochemical markers [enzymes and antioxidants involved in the ascorbate/glutathione (AsA/GSH) cycle; hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2(-))] were used to characterize the response of the epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale exposed to O3 (250 ppb, 5 hd(-1), 2 weeks) at different watering regimes and air relative humidity (RH) in a fumigation chamber. After two-week exposure ChlaF was affected by the watering regime but not by O3. The watering regime influenced also the superoxide dismutase activity and the production of ROS. By contrast O3 strongly influenced the AsA/GSH biochemical pathway, decreasing the reduced ascorbate (AsA) content and increasing the enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) independently from the watering regime and the relative humidity applied. This study highlights that F. caperata can face the O3-induced oxidative stress thanks to high levels of constitutive enzymatic and non-enzymatic defences against ROS formed naturally during the dehydration-rehydration cycles to which lichens are frequently exposed.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Chlorophyll', 'Chlorophyll A', 'Desiccation', 'Fluorescence', 'Humidity', 'Italy', 'Lichens', 'Organ Specificity', 'Oxidants, Photochemical', 'Ozone', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Water']
| 25,105,236
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.140', 'D03.633.400.909.374.140', 'D04.345.783.374.140'], ['E05.196.335', 'G02.176'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['B01.300.340', 'B05.350'], ['G07.650'], ['D27.720.642.631', 'D27.888.569.540.631'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Self-report INH adherence measures were reliable and valid in Latino adolescents with latent tuberculosis infection.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability and validity of 8-day and 30-day self-report measures of adherence to daily isoniazid (INH) for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).METHODS: Participants were 286 Latino adolescents (ages 13-18, 55.6% male) with LTBI recruited from 10 public middle and high schools in San Diego County. INH adherence was measured monthly for up to 9 months by interview and urine specimens at unannounced visits. Reliability and validity analyses were performed within 5 consecutive months. Reliability was assessed by correlating: (1) 8- and 30-day INH adherence measures within each month; and (2) each of the two adherence measures across months. Validity was assessed by correlating reported measures with biological assays within each month.RESULTS: Reliability tests yielded significant correlation coefficients (p < .05 to .001), both across measures (r = 0.71-0.93) and across time (r = 0.29-0.64 for 8-day recall; r = 0.32-0.69 for 30-day recall). Validity tests of both adherence measures were also significant (p < .05 to .001): 8-day recall (r(pb) = 0.52-0.72) and 30-day recall (r(pb) = 0.37-0.71).CONCLUSION: Results suggest that impromptu recall measures of INH adherence, combined with urine collection, are reliable and valid in Latino adolescents.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Disclosure', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Male', 'Patient Compliance', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tuberculosis']
| 15,878,479
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Thrombotic risk factors in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a single center experience.
|
Patients with primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have an increased risk of recurrent venous, arterial thrombosis and pregnancy complications. Therefore, determining thrombotic risk is important when individualizing antithrombotic therapy in patients with APS. To identify thrombotic risk factors in a cohort of APS patients. We conducted a retrospective review of APS patients who received care at a Hematology clinic of a university medical center from 2004 to 2017. Demographics, clinical features, antithrombotic therapy and thrombotic outcomes were collected. Time to event analysis identified clinical risk factors for thrombosis. The time varying effects of antithrombotic treatments on thrombosis outcome were analyzed. We identified 84 subjects with APS with a median age at diagnosis of 40.7 years [interquartile range [IQR] 33.5-57.6]. The majority were female (n = 63, 75%) and White (n = 45, 54%). Twenty-eight (33%) patients had concomitant autoimmune disease (AID) and of these, 15 (54%) had systemic lupus erythematosus. A thrombotic event occurred in 15 (18%) patients during a median follow-up of 48 months. A significantly higher rate of thrombotic events was observed in APS patients with AID compared to those without AID (hazard ratio (HR) 4.93, 95% CI 1.7-14.3, p = 0.04), and in black patients compared to whites (HR 5.94, 95% CI 1.1-32.1, p = 0.039). Patients on therapeutic anticoagulation regardless of type (warfarin, low molecular weight heparin or direct oral anticoagulants) were significantly less likely to have a recurrent thrombotic event compared to those on prophylactic anticoagulation (HR 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.031-0.395, p = 0.001). However the numbers are too small to draw conclusions. Our study suggests that APS patients with concomitant AID and of Black race are at increased risk of recurrent thrombotic events.
|
['Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Anticoagulants', 'Antiphospholipid Syndrome', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Precision Medicine', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombosis']
| 30,835,035
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C20.111.197'], ['C20.111'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.782', 'H02.403.200.700'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nutritional aspects in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents in a tertiary hospital.
|
Introduction: Introduction: during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) some factors may impact on the patient's nutritional status (NS). Conditioning regimen, as well as signs and symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract, can negatively infl uence on oral food intake. Patients may require the use of complementary nutritional therapies aiming at an adequate caloric intake with the objective of avoiding decreasing in NS. Objective: the study aims to describe the nutritional aspects relevant to the maintenance of NS during hospitalization of children and adolescents undergoing HSCT at a tertiary hospital. Method: a retrospective study with a review of medical records of patients undergoing HSCT, aged between 0 and 19 years of age (incomplete) between January 2009 and December 2014. Data were collected regarding food intake, nutritional therapies used, and clinical signs and symptoms in six times: hospitalization, D0 (day of cell infusion), D+7, D+14, D+21 and D+28. Results: sixty-three patients were evaluated, being 56% males, with a median age of ten years. At the time of hospitalization, 100% of patients had their energy needs met by mouth, decreasing from D0 (about 30%), with more prevalent use of parental nutritional and enteral nutrition from D+7. Loss of appetite, mucositis and nausea were the most frequent signs and symptoms. From D+21 it was possible to observe an increase in caloric intake by mouth. Conclusion: patients showed decreased food intake throughout hospitalization. However, it has been shown that the prescription of complementary nutritional therapies has reduced the impact of weight loss.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Energy Intake', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status', 'Nutritional Support', 'Parenteral Nutrition', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Weight Loss', 'Young Adult']
| 30,816,791
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E02.642.500'], ['E02.421.505', 'E02.642.500.505'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['E04.936.864'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neoplastic transformation-associated stimulation of the in vitro resolution of concatemer junction fragments from minute virus of mice DNA.
|
Minute virus of mice (MVM) shows an oncotropic behavior reflected by its ability to amplify its genome more efficiently in a number of transformed versus normal cells. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that the major effect of cell transformation on MVM DNA replication occurs at the level of double-stranded replicative-form amplification. In particular, resolution of MVM DNA concatemers into monomers was found to be highly sensitive to neoplastic transformation.
|
['Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Viral', 'Gene Amplification', 'Humans', 'Minute Virus of Mice', 'Virus Replication']
| 9,971,842
|
[['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.280.580.650.600.550'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycaemic index values in the Finnish food composition database: an approach to standardised value documentation.
|
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The glycaemic index (GI) is used to describe the blood glucose-raising potential of carbohydrate-containing foods. Only a few descriptions of the addition of GI values to national food composition databases (FCDBs) exist. We tested whether the value documentation framework established within the European Food Information Resource (EuroFIR) Network could be used for GI values when adding them to the Finnish FCDB.METHODS: The list of foods requiring GI values was based on the National FINDIET 2007 Survey data and extended with foods encoded in a food-frequency questionnaire used in other nationally representative studies. The minimum quality of GI measurements was verified when gathering values from various sources, using earlier defined criteria. If a measured GI value for a food was directly available, or could be imputed or estimated, the value was added to the Finnish FCDB and documented using core standard vocabularies of EuroFIR. The GI values of composite foods were calculated using recipe calculation software.RESULTS: A total of 2210 foods required a GI value. GI values for 1322 foods were available and added to the FCDB. The remaining 888 foods were composite foods and received a GI value through recipe calculation. The standard vocabularies describing the origin of the GI values, the methods used in their derivation and their qualitative characteristics were suitable for GI values.CONCLUSIONS: GI values can be added to FCDBs and documented using terms similar to those used for traditional food composition data. Standardised value documentation may provide transparency for GI database compilation processes.
|
['Blood Glucose', 'Databases, Factual', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Documentation', 'Finland', 'Food', 'Food Analysis', 'Glycemic Index', 'Humans', 'Reference Standards', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 21,045,854
|
[['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['L01.453.245'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['G07.203.650.660.500', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750.500', 'N06.850.601.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Upright face-preferential high-gamma responses in lower-order visual areas: evidence from intracranial recordings in children.
|
Behavioral studies demonstrate that a face presented in the upright orientation attracts attention more rapidly than an inverted face. Saccades toward an upright face take place in 100-140 ms following presentation. The present study using electrocorticography determined whether upright face-preferential neural activation, as reflected by augmentation of high-gamma activity at 80-150 Hz, involved the lower-order visual cortex within the first 100 ms post-stimulus presentation. Sampled lower-order visual areas were verified by the induction of phosphenes upon electrical stimulation. These areas resided in the lateral-occipital, lingual, and cuneus gyri along the calcarine sulcus, roughly corresponding to V1 and V2. Measurement of high-gamma augmentation during central (circular) and peripheral (annular) checkerboard reversal pattern stimulation indicated that central-field stimuli were processed by the more polar surface whereas peripheral-field stimuli by the more anterior medial surface. Upright face stimuli, compared to inverted ones, elicited up to 23% larger augmentation of high-gamma activity in the lower-order visual regions at 40-90 ms. Upright face-preferential high-gamma augmentation was more highly correlated with high-gamma augmentation for central than peripheral stimuli. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that lower-order visual regions, especially those for the central field, are involved in visual cues for rapid detection of upright face stimuli.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrocorticography', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Facial Recognition', 'Female', 'Gamma Rhythm', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Visual Cortex']
| 25,579,446
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.376.300.294', 'E01.370.405.245.431'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['F02.463.593.524.250.500', 'F02.463.593.524.500.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622.500'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.906', 'E01.370.405.245.287.906', 'G07.265.087.906', 'G11.561.127.906'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.723.729'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Selection of DNA aptamers against epithelial cell adhesion molecule for cancer cell imaging and circulating tumor cell capture.
|
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in most solid cancers and is an ideal antigen for clinical applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, imaging, and therapy. Currently, most of the EpCAM-based diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies rely on the anti-EpCAM antibody. However, the use of EpCAM antibody is restricted due to its large size and instability. In this study, we have successfully identified DNA aptamers that selectively bind human recombinant EpCAM protein. The aptamers can specifically recognize a number of live human cancer cells derived from breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers that express EpCAM but not bind to EpCAM-negative cells. Among the aptamer sequences identified, a hairpin-structured sequence SYL3 was optimized in length, resulting in aptamer sequence SYL3C. The Kd values of the SYL3C aptamer against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and gastric cancer cell line Kato III were found to be 38 ± 9 and 67 ± 8 nM, respectively, which are better than that of the full-length SYL3 aptamer. Flow cytometry analysis results indicated that the SYL3C aptamer was able to recognize target cancer cells from mixed cells in cell media. When used to capture cancer cells, up to 63% cancer cell capture efficiency was achieved with about 80% purity. With the advantages of small size, easy synthesis, good stability, high binding affinity, and selectivity, the DNA aptamers reported here against cancer biomarker EpCAM will facilitate the development of novel targeted cancer therapy, cancer cell imaging, and circulating tumor cell detection.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Aptamers, Nucleotide', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Inverted Repeat Sequences', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Optical Imaging', 'Protein Binding', 'SELEX Aptamer Technique']
| 23,480,100
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['D13.695.578.424.224'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.263', 'D12.776.543.550.200.263', 'D23.050.285.357', 'D23.050.301.350.263'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.325', 'G05.360.080.708.800.325'], ['A11.872.650'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.197.312.500', 'J01.897.836.249.249.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Patterns of intracranial glioblastoma recurrence after aggressive surgical resection and adjuvant management: retrospective analysis of 43 cases.
|
The present retrospective study evaluated the recurrence patterns after aggressive surgical removal of intracranial glioblastomas in 43 consecutive adult patients. The resection rate of the enhanced lesion on magnetic resonance imaging was 100% and 95-99% in 22 and 21 cases, respectively. All patients received postoperative fractionated radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions) with additional chemotherapy (25 cases) or vaccine therapy (18 cases). During follow-up (median 17 months), tumor recurrence was identified in 33 patients, most frequently regional within the wall of the resection cavity (20 cases). No clinical factor differed significantly between the groups of patients with regional or marginal tumor progression (N = 22) and patients with distant or multiple recurrences (N = 8). Progression-free survival did not differ significantly between these two groups (p = 0.27). However, overall survival was significantly longer (p = 0.04) in patients with regional or marginal tumor progression, and constituted 90% and 54% at 1 and 2 years after surgery, respectively, compared to 75% and 0% in patients with distant or multiple recurrences. Aggressive surgical resection and adjuvant management of intracranial glioblastoma may change its recurrence pattern. Tumor progression appears in the wall of the resection cavity or within 2 cm from its margin in approximately half of patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cancer Vaccines', 'Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 22,976,141
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D20.215.894.200'], ['E02.186.079.500', 'E02.319.164.500', 'E02.815.160.500'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A novel COL7A1 gene mutation causing pretibial epidermolysis bullosa: report of a Chinese family with intra-familial phenotypical diversity.
|
Pretibial epidermolysis bullosa (PEB) is an extremely rare subtype of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB) caused by mutation of the COL7A1 gene. More than 730 mutations have been identified in patients with DDEB, but only five mutations have been found to be related to PEB. In this study, a novel heterozygous nucleotide G>T transition at position 6101 in exon 73 of COL7A1 was detected, which resulted in a glycine to valine substitution (G2034V) in the triple-helical domain of type-VII collagen. This is the first report to show that one mutation caused a broad range of severity of disease in one family with PEB. These data suggest that c.6101G>T may influence the phenotype of PEB. They also contribute to the expanding database on COL7A1 mutations.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Child', 'Collagen Type VII', 'Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inheritance Patterns', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']
| 23,624,125
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.860.300.250.400.300'], ['C16.131.831.493.160', 'C16.320.850.275.160', 'C17.300.200.367', 'C17.800.804.493.160', 'C17.800.827.275.160', 'C17.800.865.410.160'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis and anti-VZV activity of 6-heteroaryl derivatives of tricyclic acyclovir and 9-{[cis-1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'-yl]methyl}guanine analogues.
|
A series of tricyclic analogues of acyclovir and 9-{[cis-1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1'-yl]methyl}guanine substituted in the 6 position with thien-2-yl, 5-bromothien-2-yl or furan-2-yl group were synthesized. The new compounds 5a-f were evaluated for their activity in vitro against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The marked anti-VZV activities of 5a-f remained comparable to those of their previously described 6-phenyl-substituted counterparts.
|
['Acyclovir', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Guanine', 'Herpesvirus 3, Human', 'Humans']
| 19,339,082
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.250'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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