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abs_moebius_le_one {n : ℕ} : |μ n| ≤ 1 := by rw [abs_moebius, apply_ite (· ≤ 1)] simp
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
abs_moebius_le_one
null
moebius_apply_prime {p : ℕ} (hp : p.Prime) : μ p = -1 := by rw [moebius_apply_of_squarefree hp.squarefree, cardFactors_apply_prime hp, pow_one]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
moebius_apply_prime
null
moebius_apply_prime_pow {p k : ℕ} (hp : p.Prime) (hk : k ≠ 0) : μ (p ^ k) = if k = 1 then -1 else 0 := by split_ifs with h · rw [h, pow_one, moebius_apply_prime hp] rw [moebius_eq_zero_of_not_squarefree] rw [squarefree_pow_iff hp.ne_one hk, not_and_or] exact Or.inr h
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
moebius_apply_prime_pow
null
moebius_apply_isPrimePow_not_prime {n : ℕ} (hn : IsPrimePow n) (hn' : ¬n.Prime) : μ n = 0 := by obtain ⟨p, k, hp, hk, rfl⟩ := (isPrimePow_nat_iff _).1 hn rw [moebius_apply_prime_pow hp hk.ne', if_neg] rintro rfl exact hn' (by simpa) @[arith_mult]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
moebius_apply_isPrimePow_not_prime
null
isMultiplicative_moebius : IsMultiplicative μ := by rw [IsMultiplicative.iff_ne_zero] refine ⟨by simp, fun {n m} hn hm hnm => ?_⟩ simp only [moebius, coe_mk, squarefree_mul hnm, ite_zero_mul_ite_zero, cardFactors_mul hn hm, pow_add]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
isMultiplicative_moebius
null
IsMultiplicative.prodPrimeFactors_one_add_of_squarefree [CommSemiring R] {f : ArithmeticFunction R} (h_mult : f.IsMultiplicative) {n : ℕ} (hn : Squarefree n) : ∏ p ∈ n.primeFactors, (1 + f p) = ∑ d ∈ n.divisors, f d := by trans (∏ᵖ p ∣ n, ((ζ : ArithmeticFunction R) + f) p) · simp_rw [prodPrimeFactors_apply...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
IsMultiplicative.prodPrimeFactors_one_add_of_squarefree
null
IsMultiplicative.prodPrimeFactors_one_sub_of_squarefree [CommRing R] (f : ArithmeticFunction R) (hf : f.IsMultiplicative) {n : ℕ} (hn : Squarefree n) : ∏ p ∈ n.primeFactors, (1 - f p) = ∑ d ∈ n.divisors, μ d * f d := by trans (∏ p ∈ n.primeFactors, (1 + (ArithmeticFunction.pmul (μ : ArithmeticFunction R) f) p...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
IsMultiplicative.prodPrimeFactors_one_sub_of_squarefree
null
moebius_mul_coe_zeta : (μ * ζ : ArithmeticFunction ℤ) = 1 := by ext n induction n using recOnPosPrimePosCoprime with | zero => rw [ZeroHom.map_zero, ZeroHom.map_zero] | one => simp | prime_pow p n hp hn => rw [coe_mul_zeta_apply, sum_divisors_prime_pow hp, sum_range_succ'] simp_rw [Nat.pow_zero, moebi...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
moebius_mul_coe_zeta
null
coe_zeta_mul_moebius : (ζ * μ : ArithmeticFunction ℤ) = 1 := by rw [mul_comm, moebius_mul_coe_zeta] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
coe_zeta_mul_moebius
null
coe_moebius_mul_coe_zeta [Ring R] : (μ * ζ : ArithmeticFunction R) = 1 := by rw [← coe_coe, ← intCoe_mul, moebius_mul_coe_zeta, intCoe_one] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
coe_moebius_mul_coe_zeta
null
coe_zeta_mul_coe_moebius [Ring R] : (ζ * μ : ArithmeticFunction R) = 1 := by rw [← coe_coe, ← intCoe_mul, coe_zeta_mul_moebius, intCoe_one]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
coe_zeta_mul_coe_moebius
null
zetaUnit : (ArithmeticFunction R)ˣ := ⟨ζ, μ, coe_zeta_mul_coe_moebius, coe_moebius_mul_coe_zeta⟩ @[simp]
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
zetaUnit
A unit in `ArithmeticFunction R` that evaluates to `ζ`, with inverse `μ`.
coe_zetaUnit : ((zetaUnit : (ArithmeticFunction R)ˣ) : ArithmeticFunction R) = ζ := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
coe_zetaUnit
null
inv_zetaUnit : ((zetaUnit⁻¹ : (ArithmeticFunction R)ˣ) : ArithmeticFunction R) = μ := rfl
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
inv_zetaUnit
null
sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq [AddCommGroup R] {f g : ℕ → R} : (∀ n > 0, ∑ i ∈ n.divisors, f i = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, ∑ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, μ x.fst • g x.snd = f n := by let f' : ArithmeticFunction R := ⟨fun x => if x = 0 then 0 else f x, if_pos rfl⟩ let g' : ArithmeticFunction R := ⟨fun x => if x = 0...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq
Möbius inversion for functions to an `AddCommGroup`.
sum_eq_iff_sum_mul_moebius_eq [NonAssocRing R] {f g : ℕ → R} : (∀ n > 0, ∑ i ∈ n.divisors, f i = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, ∑ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, (μ x.fst : R) * g x.snd = f n := by rw [sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq] apply forall_congr' refine fun a => imp_congr_right fun _ => (sum_congr rfl fun x _hx => ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
sum_eq_iff_sum_mul_moebius_eq
Möbius inversion for functions to a `Ring`.
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq [CommGroup R] {f g : ℕ → R} : (∀ n > 0, ∏ i ∈ n.divisors, f i = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, ∏ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, g x.snd ^ μ x.fst = f n := @sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq (Additive R) _ _ _
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq
Möbius inversion for functions to a `CommGroup`.
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq_of_nonzero [CommGroupWithZero R] {f g : ℕ → R} (hf : ∀ n : ℕ, 0 < n → f n ≠ 0) (hg : ∀ n : ℕ, 0 < n → g n ≠ 0) : (∀ n > 0, ∏ i ∈ n.divisors, f i = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, ∏ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, g x.snd ^ μ x.fst = f n := by refine Iff.trans (Iff.trans (forall...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq_of_nonzero
Möbius inversion for functions to a `CommGroupWithZero`.
sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq_on [AddCommGroup R] {f g : ℕ → R} (s : Set ℕ) (hs : ∀ m n, m ∣ n → n ∈ s → m ∈ s) : (∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∑ i ∈ n.divisors, f i) = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∑ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, μ x.fst • g x.snd) = f n := by constructor · intro h let G := fun (n : ℕ) => (∑ i ∈ ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq_on
Möbius inversion for functions to an `AddCommGroup`, where the equalities only hold on a well-behaved set.
sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq_on' [AddCommGroup R] {f g : ℕ → R} (s : Set ℕ) (hs : ∀ m n, m ∣ n → n ∈ s → m ∈ s) (hs₀ : 0 ∉ s) : (∀ n ∈ s, (∑ i ∈ n.divisors, f i) = g n) ↔ ∀ n ∈ s, (∑ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, μ x.fst • g x.snd) = f n := by have : ∀ P : ℕ → Prop, ((∀ n ∈ s, P n) ↔ (∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → P ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq_on'
null
sum_eq_iff_sum_mul_moebius_eq_on [NonAssocRing R] {f g : ℕ → R} (s : Set ℕ) (hs : ∀ m n, m ∣ n → n ∈ s → m ∈ s) : (∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∑ i ∈ n.divisors, f i) = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∑ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, (μ x.fst : R) * g x.snd) = f n := by rw [sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq_on s hs] ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
sum_eq_iff_sum_mul_moebius_eq_on
Möbius inversion for functions to a `Ring`, where the equalities only hold on a well-behaved set.
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq_on [CommGroup R] {f g : ℕ → R} (s : Set ℕ) (hs : ∀ m n, m ∣ n → n ∈ s → m ∈ s) : (∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∏ i ∈ n.divisors, f i) = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∏ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, g x.snd ^ μ x.fst) = f n := @sum_eq_iff_sum_smul_moebius_eq_on (Additive R) _ _ _ s hs
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq_on
Möbius inversion for functions to a `CommGroup`, where the equalities only hold on a well-behaved set.
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq_on_of_nonzero [CommGroupWithZero R] (s : Set ℕ) (hs : ∀ m n, m ∣ n → n ∈ s → m ∈ s) {f g : ℕ → R} (hf : ∀ n > 0, f n ≠ 0) (hg : ∀ n > 0, g n ≠ 0) : (∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∏ i ∈ n.divisors, f i) = g n) ↔ ∀ n > 0, n ∈ s → (∏ x ∈ n.divisorsAntidiagonal, g x.snd ^ μ x.fst) = f ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
prod_eq_iff_prod_pow_moebius_eq_on_of_nonzero
Möbius inversion for functions to a `CommGroupWithZero`, where the equalities only hold on a well-behaved set.
card_divisors_mul {m n : ℕ} (hmn : m.Coprime n) : #(m * n).divisors = #m.divisors * #n.divisors := by simp only [← sigma_zero_apply, isMultiplicative_sigma.map_mul_of_coprime hmn]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
card_divisors_mul
null
sum_divisors_mul {m n : ℕ} (hmn : m.Coprime n) : ∑ d ∈ (m * n).divisors, d = (∑ d ∈ m.divisors, d) * ∑ d ∈ n.divisors, d := by simp only [← sigma_one_apply, isMultiplicative_sigma.map_mul_of_coprime hmn]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
sum_divisors_mul
null
@[positivity ArithmeticFunction.sigma _ _] evalArithmeticFunctionSigma : PositivityExt where eval {u α} z p e := do match u, α, e with | 0, ~q(ℕ), ~q(ArithmeticFunction.sigma $k $n) => let rn ← core z p n assumeInstancesCommute match rn with | .positive pn => return .positive q(Iff.mpr ArithmeticFun...
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
evalArithmeticFunctionSigma
Extension for `ArithmeticFunction.sigma`.
@[positivity ArithmeticFunction.zeta _] evalArithmeticFunctionZeta : PositivityExt where eval {u α} z p e := do match u, α, e with | 0, ~q(ℕ), ~q(ArithmeticFunction.zeta $n) => let rn ← core z p n assumeInstancesCommute match rn with | .positive pn => return .positive q(Iff.mpr ArithmeticFunction.ze...
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Ring.Finset", "Mathlib.Algebra.Module.BigOperators", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Divisors", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Squarefree", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.GCD.BigOperators", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Factorization.Induction", "Mathlib.Tactic.ArithMult" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/ArithmeticFunction.lean
evalArithmeticFunctionZeta
Extension for `ArithmeticFunction.zeta`.
in the construction of the ring of Witt vectors.
lemma
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Ring.GeomSum", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Ideal.Quotient.Defs", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Ideal.Span" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Basic.lean
in
null
dvd_sub_pow_of_dvd_sub {R : Type*} [CommRing R] {p : ℕ} {a b : R} (h : (p : R) ∣ a - b) (k : ℕ) : (p ^ (k + 1) : R) ∣ a ^ p ^ k - b ^ p ^ k := by induction k with | zero => rwa [pow_one, pow_zero, pow_one, pow_one] | succ k ih => rw [pow_succ p k, pow_mul, pow_mul, ← geom_sum₂_mul, pow_succ'] refine m...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Ring.GeomSum", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Ideal.Quotient.Defs", "Mathlib.RingTheory.Ideal.Span" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Basic.lean
dvd_sub_pow_of_dvd_sub
null
bernoulli' (n : ℕ) : ℚ := 1 - ∑ k : Fin n, n.choose k / (n - k + 1) * bernoulli' k
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'
The Bernoulli numbers: the $n$-th Bernoulli number $B_n$ is defined recursively via $$B_n = 1 - \sum_{k < n} \binom{n}{k}\frac{B_k}{n+1-k}$$
bernoulli'_def' (n : ℕ) : bernoulli' n = 1 - ∑ k : Fin n, n.choose k / (n - k + 1) * bernoulli' k := by rw [bernoulli']
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_def'
null
bernoulli'_def (n : ℕ) : bernoulli' n = 1 - ∑ k ∈ range n, n.choose k / (n - k + 1) * bernoulli' k := by rw [bernoulli'_def', ← Fin.sum_univ_eq_sum_range]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_def
null
bernoulli'_spec (n : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ range n.succ, (n.choose (n - k) : ℚ) / (n - k + 1) * bernoulli' k) = 1 := by rw [sum_range_succ_comm, bernoulli'_def n, tsub_self, choose_zero_right, sub_self, zero_add, div_one, cast_one, one_mul, sub_add, ← sum_sub_distrib, ← sub_eq_zero, sub_sub_cancel_left, neg_eq_zero...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_spec
null
bernoulli'_spec' (n : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ antidiagonal n, ((k.1 + k.2).choose k.2 : ℚ) / (k.2 + 1) * bernoulli' k.1) = 1 := by refine ((sum_antidiagonal_eq_sum_range_succ_mk _ n).trans ?_).trans (bernoulli'_spec n) refine sum_congr rfl fun x hx => ?_ simp only [add_tsub_cancel_of_le, mem_range_succ_iff.mp hx, cast_su...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_spec'
null
@[simp] bernoulli'_zero : bernoulli' 0 = 1 := by rw [bernoulli'_def] simp @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_zero
null
bernoulli'_one : bernoulli' 1 = 1 / 2 := by rw [bernoulli'_def] norm_num @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_one
null
bernoulli'_two : bernoulli' 2 = 1 / 6 := by rw [bernoulli'_def] norm_num [sum_range_succ, sum_range_succ, sum_range_zero] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_two
null
bernoulli'_three : bernoulli' 3 = 0 := by rw [bernoulli'_def] norm_num [sum_range_succ, sum_range_succ, sum_range_zero] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_three
null
bernoulli'_four : bernoulli' 4 = -1 / 30 := by have : Nat.choose 4 2 = 6 := by decide -- shrug rw [bernoulli'_def] norm_num [sum_range_succ, sum_range_succ, sum_range_zero, this]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_four
null
@[simp] sum_bernoulli' (n : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ range n, (n.choose k : ℚ) * bernoulli' k) = n := by cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => suffices ((n + 1 : ℚ) * ∑ k ∈ range n, ↑(n.choose k) / (n - k + 1) * bernoulli' k) = ∑ x ∈ range n, ↑(n.succ.choose x) * bernoulli' x by rw_mod_cast [sum_range_succ, bern...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
sum_bernoulli'
null
bernoulli'PowerSeries := mk fun n => algebraMap ℚ A (bernoulli' n / n !)
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'PowerSeries
The exponential generating function for the Bernoulli numbers `bernoulli' n`.
bernoulli'PowerSeries_mul_exp_sub_one : bernoulli'PowerSeries A * (exp A - 1) = X * exp A := by ext n cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => rw [bernoulli'PowerSeries, coeff_mul, mul_comm X, sum_antidiagonal_succ'] suffices (∑ p ∈ antidiagonal n, bernoulli' p.1 / p.1! * ((p.2 + 1) * p.2! : ℚ)⁻¹) = (n...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'PowerSeries_mul_exp_sub_one
null
bernoulli'_odd_eq_zero {n : ℕ} (h_odd : Odd n) (hlt : 1 < n) : bernoulli' n = 0 := by let B := mk fun n => bernoulli' n / (n ! : ℚ) suffices (B - evalNegHom B) * (exp ℚ - 1) = X * (exp ℚ - 1) by rcases mul_eq_mul_right_iff.mp this with h | h <;> simp only [PowerSeries.ext_iff, evalNegHom, coeff_X] at h ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_odd_eq_zero
Odd Bernoulli numbers (greater than 1) are zero.
bernoulli (n : ℕ) : ℚ := (-1) ^ n * bernoulli' n
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli
The Bernoulli numbers are defined to be `bernoulli'` with a parity sign.
bernoulli'_eq_bernoulli (n : ℕ) : bernoulli' n = (-1) ^ n * bernoulli n := by simp [bernoulli, ← mul_assoc, ← sq, ← pow_mul, mul_comm n 2] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli'_eq_bernoulli
null
bernoulli_zero : bernoulli 0 = 1 := by simp [bernoulli] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli_zero
null
bernoulli_one : bernoulli 1 = -1 / 2 := by norm_num [bernoulli]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli_one
null
bernoulli_eq_bernoulli'_of_ne_one {n : ℕ} (hn : n ≠ 1) : bernoulli n = bernoulli' n := by by_cases h0 : n = 0; · simp [h0] rw [bernoulli, neg_one_pow_eq_pow_mod_two] rcases mod_two_eq_zero_or_one n with h | h · simp [h] · simp [bernoulli'_odd_eq_zero (odd_iff.mpr h) (one_lt_iff_ne_zero_and_ne_one.mpr ⟨h0, hn⟩...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli_eq_bernoulli'_of_ne_one
null
sum_bernoulli (n : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ range n, (n.choose k : ℚ) * bernoulli k) = if n = 1 then 1 else 0 := by cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => suffices (∑ i ∈ range n, ↑((n + 2).choose (i + 2)) * bernoulli (i + 2)) = n / 2 by simp only [this, sum_range_succ', ca...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
sum_bernoulli
null
bernoulli_spec' (n : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ antidiagonal n, ((k.1 + k.2).choose k.2 : ℚ) / (k.2 + 1) * bernoulli k.1) = if n = 0 then 1 else 0 := by cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => rw [if_neg (succ_ne_zero _)] have h₁ : (1, n) ∈ antidiagonal n.succ := by simp [mem_antidiagonal, add_comm] have h₂ : (n : ℚ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulli_spec'
null
bernoulliPowerSeries := mk fun n => algebraMap ℚ A (bernoulli n / n !)
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulliPowerSeries
The exponential generating function for the Bernoulli numbers `bernoulli n`.
bernoulliPowerSeries_mul_exp_sub_one : bernoulliPowerSeries A * (exp A - 1) = X := by ext n cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => simp only [bernoulliPowerSeries, coeff_mul, coeff_X, sum_antidiagonal_succ', one_div, coeff_mk, coeff_one, coeff_exp, LinearMap.map_sub, factorial, if_pos, cast_succ, cast_mul, ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
bernoulliPowerSeries_mul_exp_sub_one
null
sum_range_pow (n p : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ range n, (k : ℚ) ^ p) = ∑ i ∈ range (p + 1), bernoulli i * ((p + 1).choose i) * (n : ℚ) ^ (p + 1 - i) / (p + 1) := by have hne : ∀ m : ℕ, (m ! : ℚ) ≠ 0 := fun m => mod_cast factorial_ne_zero m have h_cauchy : ((mk fun p => bernoulli p / p !) * mk fun q => coeff (q + 1)...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
sum_range_pow
**Faulhaber's theorem** relating the **sum of p-th powers** to the Bernoulli numbers: $$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} k^p = \sum_{i=0}^p B_i\binom{p+1}{i}\frac{n^{p+1-i}}{p+1}.$$ See https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Faulhaber%27s_Formula and [orosi2018faulhaber] for the proof provided here.
sum_Ico_pow (n p : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ Ico 1 (n + 1), (k : ℚ) ^ p) = ∑ i ∈ range (p + 1), bernoulli' i * (p + 1).choose i * (n : ℚ) ^ (p + 1 - i) / (p + 1) := by rw [← Nat.cast_succ] cases p with | zero => simp | succ p => let f i := bernoulli i * p.succ.succ.choose i * (n : ℚ) ^ (p.succ.succ - i) / p.succ.succ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Field", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.Inverse", "Mathlib.RingTheory.PowerSeries.WellKnown" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bernoulli.lean
sum_Ico_pow
Alternate form of **Faulhaber's theorem**, relating the sum of p-th powers to the Bernoulli numbers: $$\sum_{k=1}^{n} k^p = \sum_{i=0}^p (-1)^iB_i\binom{p+1}{i}\frac{n^{p+1-i}}{p+1}.$$ Deduced from `sum_range_pow`.
bernoulli (n : ℕ) : ℚ[X] := ∑ i ∈ range (n + 1), Polynomial.monomial (n - i) (_root_.bernoulli i * choose n i)
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli
The Bernoulli polynomials are defined in terms of the negative Bernoulli numbers.
bernoulli_def (n : ℕ) : bernoulli n = ∑ i ∈ range (n + 1), Polynomial.monomial i (_root_.bernoulli (n - i) * choose n i) := by rw [← sum_range_reflect, add_succ_sub_one, add_zero, bernoulli] apply sum_congr rfl rintro x hx rw [mem_range_succ_iff] at hx rw [choose_symm hx, tsub_tsub_cancel_of_le hx] /-
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_def
null
@[simp] bernoulli_zero : bernoulli 0 = 1 := by simp [bernoulli] @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_zero
null
bernoulli_eval_zero (n : ℕ) : (bernoulli n).eval 0 = _root_.bernoulli n := by rw [bernoulli, eval_finset_sum, sum_range_succ] have : ∑ x ∈ range n, _root_.bernoulli x * n.choose x * 0 ^ (n - x) = 0 := by apply sum_eq_zero fun x hx => _ intro x hx simp [tsub_eq_zero_iff_le, mem_range.1 hx] simp [this] ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_eval_zero
null
bernoulli_eval_one (n : ℕ) : (bernoulli n).eval 1 = bernoulli' n := by simp only [bernoulli, eval_finset_sum] simp only [← succ_eq_add_one, sum_range_succ, mul_one, cast_one, choose_self, (_root_.bernoulli _).mul_comm, sum_bernoulli, one_pow, mul_one, eval_monomial, one_mul] by_cases h : n = 1 · norm_num [h...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_eval_one
null
derivative_bernoulli_add_one (k : ℕ) : Polynomial.derivative (bernoulli (k + 1)) = (k + 1) * bernoulli k := by simp_rw [bernoulli, derivative_sum, derivative_monomial, Nat.sub_sub, Nat.add_sub_add_right] rw [range_add_one, sum_insert notMem_range_self, tsub_self, cast_zero, mul_zero, map_zero, zero_add, mul...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
derivative_bernoulli_add_one
null
derivative_bernoulli (k : ℕ) : Polynomial.derivative (bernoulli k) = k * bernoulli (k - 1) := by cases k with | zero => rw [Nat.cast_zero, zero_mul, bernoulli_zero, derivative_one] | succ k => exact mod_cast derivative_bernoulli_add_one k @[simp] nonrec theorem sum_bernoulli (n : ℕ) : (∑ k ∈ range (n + 1)...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
derivative_bernoulli
null
bernoulli_eq_sub_sum (n : ℕ) : (n.succ : ℚ) • bernoulli n = monomial n (n.succ : ℚ) - ∑ k ∈ Finset.range n, ((n + 1).choose k : ℚ) • bernoulli k := by rw [Nat.cast_succ, ← sum_bernoulli n, sum_range_succ, add_sub_cancel_left, choose_succ_self_right, Nat.cast_succ]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_eq_sub_sum
Another version of `Polynomial.sum_bernoulli`.
sum_range_pow_eq_bernoulli_sub (n p : ℕ) : ((p + 1 : ℚ) * ∑ k ∈ range n, (k : ℚ) ^ p) = (bernoulli p.succ).eval (n : ℚ) - _root_.bernoulli p.succ := by rw [sum_range_pow, bernoulli_def, eval_finset_sum, ← sum_div, mul_div_cancel₀ _ _] · simp_rw [eval_monomial] symm rw [← sum_flip _, sum_range_succ] ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
sum_range_pow_eq_bernoulli_sub
Another version of `sum_range_pow`.
bernoulli_succ_eval (n p : ℕ) : (bernoulli p.succ).eval (n : ℚ) = _root_.bernoulli p.succ + (p + 1 : ℚ) * ∑ k ∈ range n, (k : ℚ) ^ p := by apply eq_add_of_sub_eq' rw [sum_range_pow_eq_bernoulli_sub]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_succ_eval
Rearrangement of `Polynomial.sum_range_pow_eq_bernoulli_sub`.
bernoulli_eval_one_add (n : ℕ) (x : ℚ) : (bernoulli n).eval (1 + x) = (bernoulli n).eval x + n * x ^ (n - 1) := by refine Nat.strong_induction_on n fun d hd => ?_ have nz : ((d.succ : ℕ) : ℚ) ≠ 0 := by norm_cast apply (mul_right_inj' nz).1 rw [← smul_eq_mul, ← eval_smul, bernoulli_eq_sub_sum, mul_add, ← smu...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_eval_one_add
null
bernoulli_generating_function (t : A) : (mk fun n => aeval t ((1 / n ! : ℚ) • bernoulli n)) * (exp A - 1) = PowerSeries.X * rescale t (exp A) := by ext n cases n with | zero => simp | succ n => rw [coeff_succ_X_mul, coeff_rescale, coeff_exp, PowerSeries.coeff_mul, Nat.sum_antidiagonal_eq_sum_range_s...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.AlgebraMap", "Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Derivative", "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Cast", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Bernoulli" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/BernoulliPolynomials.lean
bernoulli_generating_function
The theorem that $(e^X - 1) * ∑ Bₙ(t)* X^n/n! = Xe^{tX}$
real_main_inequality {x : ℝ} (x_large : (512 : ℝ) ≤ x) : x * (2 * x) ^ √(2 * x) * 4 ^ (2 * x / 3) ≤ 4 ^ x := by let f : ℝ → ℝ := fun x => log x + √(2 * x) * log (2 * x) - log 4 / 3 * x have hf' : ∀ x, 0 < x → 0 < x * (2 * x) ^ √(2 * x) / 4 ^ (x / 3) := fun x h => div_pos (mul_pos h (rpow_pos_of_pos (mul_pos...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
real_main_inequality
A refined version of the `Bertrand.main_inequality` below. This is not best possible: it actually holds for 464 ≤ x.
bertrand_main_inequality {n : ℕ} (n_large : 512 ≤ n) : n * (2 * n) ^ sqrt (2 * n) * 4 ^ (2 * n / 3) ≤ 4 ^ n := by rw [← @cast_le ℝ] simp only [cast_mul, cast_pow, ← Real.rpow_natCast, cast_ofNat] refine _root_.trans ?_ (Bertrand.real_main_inequality (by exact_mod_cast n_large)) gcongr · have n2_pos : 0 < ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
bertrand_main_inequality
The inequality which contradicts Bertrand's postulate, for large enough `n`.
centralBinom_factorization_small (n : ℕ) (n_large : 2 < n) (no_prime : ¬∃ p : ℕ, p.Prime ∧ n < p ∧ p ≤ 2 * n) : centralBinom n = ∏ p ∈ Finset.range (2 * n / 3 + 1), p ^ (centralBinom n).factorization p := by refine (Eq.trans ?_ n.prod_pow_factorization_centralBinom).symm apply Finset.prod_subset · exact F...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
centralBinom_factorization_small
A lemma that tells us that, in the case where Bertrand's postulate does not hold, the prime factorization of the central binomial coefficient only has factors at most `2 * n / 3 + 1`.
centralBinom_le_of_no_bertrand_prime (n : ℕ) (n_large : 2 < n) (no_prime : ¬∃ p : ℕ, Nat.Prime p ∧ n < p ∧ p ≤ 2 * n) : centralBinom n ≤ (2 * n) ^ sqrt (2 * n) * 4 ^ (2 * n / 3) := by have n_pos : 0 < n := (Nat.zero_le _).trans_lt n_large have n2_pos : 1 ≤ 2 * n := mul_pos (zero_lt_two' ℕ) n_pos let S := ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
centralBinom_le_of_no_bertrand_prime
An upper bound on the central binomial coefficient used in the proof of Bertrand's postulate. The bound splits the prime factors of `centralBinom n` into those 1. At most `sqrt (2 * n)`, which contribute at most `2 * n` for each such prime. 2. Between `sqrt (2 * n)` and `2 * n / 3`, which contribute at most `4^(2 * n /...
exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul_eventually (n : ℕ) (n_large : 512 ≤ n) : ∃ p : ℕ, p.Prime ∧ n < p ∧ p ≤ 2 * n := by by_contra no_prime have H1 : n * (2 * n) ^ sqrt (2 * n) * 4 ^ (2 * n / 3) ≤ 4 ^ n := bertrand_main_inequality n_large have H2 : 4 ^ n < n * n.centralBinom := Nat.four_pow_lt_mul_centralBinom ...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul_eventually
Proves that **Bertrand's postulate** holds for all sufficiently large `n`.
exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul_succ {n} (q) {p : ℕ} (prime_p : Nat.Prime p) (covering : p ≤ 2 * q) (H : n < q → ∃ p : ℕ, p.Prime ∧ n < p ∧ p ≤ 2 * n) (hn : n < p) : ∃ p : ℕ, p.Prime ∧ n < p ∧ p ≤ 2 * n := by grind
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul_succ
Proves that Bertrand's postulate holds over all positive naturals less than n by identifying a descending list of primes, each no more than twice the next, such that the list contains a witness for each number ≤ n.
exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul (n : ℕ) (hn0 : n ≠ 0) : ∃ p, Nat.Prime p ∧ n < p ∧ p ≤ 2 * n := by rcases lt_or_ge 511 n with h | h · exact exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul_eventually n h replace h : n < 521 := h.trans_lt (by norm_num1) revert h open Lean Elab Tactic in run_tac do for i in [317, 163, 8...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Factorization", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.Primorial", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic", "Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Deriv", "Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum.Prime" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Bertrand.lean
exists_prime_lt_and_le_two_mul
**Bertrand's Postulate**: For any positive natural number, there is a prime which is greater than it, but no more than twice as large.
IsPoly : ((α → ℕ) → ℤ) → Prop | proj : ∀ i, IsPoly fun x : α → ℕ => x i | const : ∀ n : ℤ, IsPoly fun _ : α → ℕ => n | sub : ∀ {f g : (α → ℕ) → ℤ}, IsPoly f → IsPoly g → IsPoly fun x => f x - g x | mul : ∀ {f g : (α → ℕ) → ℤ}, IsPoly f → IsPoly g → IsPoly fun x => f x * g x
inductive
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
IsPoly
A predicate asserting that a function is a multivariate integer polynomial. (We are being a bit lazy here by allowing many representations for multiplication, rather than only allowing monomials and addition, but the definition is equivalent and this is easier to use.)
IsPoly.neg {f : (α → ℕ) → ℤ} : IsPoly f → IsPoly (-f) := by rw [← zero_sub]; exact (IsPoly.const 0).sub
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
IsPoly.neg
null
IsPoly.add {f g : (α → ℕ) → ℤ} (hf : IsPoly f) (hg : IsPoly g) : IsPoly (f + g) := by rw [← sub_neg_eq_add]; exact hf.sub hg.neg
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
IsPoly.add
null
Poly (α : Type u) := { f : (α → ℕ) → ℤ // IsPoly f }
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
Poly
The type of multivariate integer polynomials
instFunLike : FunLike (Poly α) (α → ℕ) ℤ := ⟨Subtype.val, Subtype.val_injective⟩
instance
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
instFunLike
null
protected isPoly (f : Poly α) : IsPoly f := f.2
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
isPoly
The underlying function of a `Poly` is a polynomial
@[ext] ext {f g : Poly α} : (∀ x, f x = g x) → f = g := DFunLike.ext _ _
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
ext
Extensionality for `Poly α`
proj (i : α) : Poly α := ⟨_, IsPoly.proj i⟩ @[simp]
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
proj
The `i`th projection function, `x_i`.
proj_apply (i : α) (x) : proj i x = x i := rfl
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
proj_apply
null
const (n : ℤ) : Poly α := ⟨_, IsPoly.const n⟩ @[simp]
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
const
The constant function with value `n : ℤ`.
const_apply (n) (x : α → ℕ) : const n x = n := rfl
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
const_apply
null
@[simp] coe_zero : ⇑(0 : Poly α) = const 0 := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
coe_zero
null
coe_one : ⇑(1 : Poly α) = const 1 := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
coe_one
null
coe_neg (f : Poly α) : ⇑(-f) = -f := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
coe_neg
null
coe_add (f g : Poly α) : ⇑(f + g) = f + g := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
coe_add
null
coe_sub (f g : Poly α) : ⇑(f - g) = f - g := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
coe_sub
null
coe_mul (f g : Poly α) : ⇑(f * g) = f * g := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
coe_mul
null
zero_apply (x) : (0 : Poly α) x = 0 := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
zero_apply
null
one_apply (x) : (1 : Poly α) x = 1 := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
one_apply
null
neg_apply (f : Poly α) (x) : (-f) x = -f x := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
neg_apply
null
add_apply (f g : Poly α) (x : α → ℕ) : (f + g) x = f x + g x := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
add_apply
null
sub_apply (f g : Poly α) (x : α → ℕ) : (f - g) x = f x - g x := rfl @[simp]
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
sub_apply
null
mul_apply (f g : Poly α) (x : α → ℕ) : (f * g) x = f x * g x := rfl
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
mul_apply
null
induction {C : Poly α → Prop} (H1 : ∀ i, C (proj i)) (H2 : ∀ n, C (const n)) (H3 : ∀ f g, C f → C g → C (f - g)) (H4 : ∀ f g, C f → C g → C (f * g)) (f : Poly α) : C f := by obtain ⟨f, pf⟩ := f induction pf with | proj => apply H1 | const => apply H2 | sub _ _ ihf ihg => apply H3 _ _ ihf ihg | mul _ _ i...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
induction
null
sumsq : List (Poly α) → Poly α | [] => 0 | p::ps => p * p + sumsq ps
def
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
sumsq
The sum of squares of a list of polynomials. This is relevant for Diophantine equations, because it means that a list of equations can be encoded as a single equation: `x = 0 ∧ y = 0 ∧ z = 0` is equivalent to `x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 0`.
sumsq_nonneg (x : α → ℕ) : ∀ l, 0 ≤ sumsq l x | [] => le_refl 0 | p::ps => by rw [sumsq] exact add_nonneg (mul_self_nonneg _) (sumsq_nonneg _ ps)
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
sumsq_nonneg
null
sumsq_eq_zero (x) : ∀ l, sumsq l x = 0 ↔ l.Forall fun a : Poly α => a x = 0 | [] => eq_self_iff_true _ | p::ps => by rw [List.forall_cons, ← sumsq_eq_zero _ ps]; rw [sumsq] exact ⟨fun h : p x * p x + sumsq ps x = 0 => have : p x = 0 := eq_zero_of_mul_self_eq_zero <| le_an...
theorem
NumberTheory
[ "Mathlib.Data.Fin.Fin2", "Mathlib.Data.PFun", "Mathlib.Data.Vector3", "Mathlib.NumberTheory.PellMatiyasevic" ]
Mathlib/NumberTheory/Dioph.lean
sumsq_eq_zero
null