Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is Géraldine Chauvet

### Input:
Géraldine Chauvet is a French operatic mezzo-soprano.

### Response:
Early life:She was born in Bayeux and studied music at the University of Tours, initially specializing in flute and piano. She studied singing with Udo Reinmann, later with Mezzo-soprano Grace Bumbry in Salzburg and finally with Mezzo-soprano Brigitte Fassbaender.

Career:Chauvet came to world attention in 2009, appearing in Carmen at the Arena di Verona conducted by Placido Domingo with the stage direction of Franco Zeffirelli.

In 2011 she debuted in the US, first at Avery Fisher Hall as Adriano in Rienzi by Wagner and six months later at the Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center) as Sesto in La clemenza di Tito by Mozart. She also debuted in Asia : China, Japan, South Korea & United Arab Emirates performing:

Samson et Dalila as Dalila, in Seoul, together with José Cura as Samson
Carmen, in Tokyo, together with Placido Domingo as Don José, with TV Broadcast, released on DVD
Il Barbiere di Siviglia as Rosina, in Oman at the National Opera
Il Barbiere di Siviglia as Rosina, at the Pechino National Opera Beijing
Performances 2008–2019
Adalgisa in Norma at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna and the Teatro de Palma de Mallorca (2008)
Soloist in Rossini's Petite Messe Solennelle with the Fondazione Arturo Toscanini in Parma (2008)
Donna Anna in Pacini's Don Giovanni Tenorio at the Rossini in Wildbad Festival (2008)
Emilia in Rossini's Otello, Rossini in Wildbad Festival, recorded by Naxos (2008)
The title role in Carmen at Teatro Comunale Luciano Pavarotti in Modena (2009), the Ravenna Festival (2009) and the Arena di Verona (2009) conducted by Plácido Domingo
Charlotte in Werther at Teatro F.Cilea in Italy, beside Giuseppe Filianoti, conducted by Alain Guingal
Donna Elvira in Don Giovanni at the Arena of Avenches in Swisse (2009)
Rosina in Il Barbiere di Siviglia with Opera Giocosa of Savona in Italy (2009)
Carmen with Plácido Domingo as Don Josè at the Forum Halle A in Tokyo, in the Domingo Gala, released on DVD (2010)
Il diluvio universale by Donizetti at the St.Gallen Staadttheater (2010)
Requiem by Donizetti at St.Gallen Festspiele (2010)
Carmen (title role) at Arena di Verona (2010)
Adalgisa in Norma (first time in France) at Festival du Theatre Antique de Sanxay (2010)
Carmen (title role) at the Grand Theatre de Bordeaux (2010)
Il Postino (Donna Rosa) at Theater an der Wien (with Plácido Domingo as Pablo Neruda) conducted by Jesus Lopez Cobos (2010)
Carmen (title role) at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, Mischa van Hoecke (director), Alain Guingal (conductor), television broadcast (2011)
Carmen (title role) at "Les Soirées Lyriques de Sanxay" of the Festival de Sanxay (with Thiago Arancam and Alexander Vinogradov) (2011)
Samson et Dalila (as Dalila) with Josè Cura, Sejong Cultural Center of Seoul (September 2011)
Opera on Ice' at the Arena di Verona (broadcast in 40 Countries and released on DVD (October 2011)
Les dialogues des Carmelites (Mère Marie) at the Opéra de Massy (Mère Marie) 2012
Rienzi (Adriano), New York (2012)
Romeo et Juliettte by Berlioz, Netherlands Television Symphony Orchestra of Amsterdam and Utrecht (2012)
Nabucco (Fenena) at Washington National Opera (2012)
Zerlina in Don Giovanni, opening night of the 2012 season at the Arena di Verona,
Rienzi (Adriano) at the Theatre du Capitole de Toulouse (2012)
Sesto in La clemenza di Tito, Metropolitan Opera debut (10 December 2012)
Les Dialogues des Carmelites (Mère Marie) at the Grand Opèra de Bordeaux (January 2013)
Jenufa (Kostelnicka) at the Opéra d'Avignon (February 2013)
Verdi Requiem at the (San Antonio Symphony) in USA (May 2013)
Il Barbiere di Siviglia (Rosina) at the (Pechino Beijing Opera) in China, on 2013
Nabucco (Fenena) at the (Arena di Verona) (August 2013)
Il Barbiere di Siviglia (Rosina) at the (Muscat Theater) of Oman (September 2013)
Verdi Requiem at the (Washington Kennedy Center) in (November 2013)
Il Barbiere di Siviglia (Rosina) at the (Teatro San Carlo di Napoli) (January 2014)
Roberto Devereux (Sara) at the (New York Lincoln Center) with (Mariella Devia) (2014)
Charlotte Salomon (Franziska Kann) at the (Salzburger Festspiele) (2014)
Opera Gala at the (Festival d'Annecy) with TV Broadcast (2014)
Carmen (Lead Role) at the (New Orleans Opera) with (Bryan Hymel) (2014)
Among her Engagements in the Season 2015 – 2016 – 2017  :

La damnation de Faust as Margherita at the Opéra de Bordeaux
Hamlet as Reine Gertrude at the Opéra d'Avignon
Carmen (Lead Role) at the Washington National Opera
La Gioconda as Laura at the Theatre Municipal de Santiago de Chile (2016)
Carmen (Lead Role) at the Herodius Atticus of Athens (2016)
Gala at the Spanish Castle of Praha (TV Broadcast) (2016)
Carmen (Lead Role) at the Goteborg Sweden Opera (2017)
La Gioconda as Laura at the Malmo Operan (2017)
Cavalleria Rusticana as Santuzza at the Opera du Rhin de Strasbourg (2017)
Les Contes d'Hoffmann as Nicklauss at The Metropolitan Opera of New York (2017)
Nabucco as Fenena at Arena di Verona (2018)
Carmen (Leading Role) at Arena di Verona (2018)
UPCOMING DATES 2019
Nabucco as Fenena at Hamburg Staatsoper (2019)
Don Giovanni by Mozart, as Donna Elvira at Innsbruck Landestheater (2019)
Les Contes d'Hoffmann as Giulietta at Lausanne Opera (2019)

References: L'Arena (30 July 2009). «Carmen, il ruolo che preferisco»[permanent dead link] (in Italian)


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is Gendry's father?

### Response:
Gendry is an unacknowledged son of King Robert Baratheon.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
When sailing on a boat between 26ft and 40ft in San Francisco Bay, what items are 'required', 'useful', or 'neither'. A compass, laser printer, floatation devices for all passengers, fog horn, water, sun lotion, hat, fire extinguisher (one type B-2 or two type B-1), soft toys, tv,  visual distress signals, sunglasses, snacks, ford mustang, American Airlines

### Response:
Required: floatation devices for all passengers, Sound Signaling Device (fog horn), fire extinguisher (one type B-2 or two type B-1), and visual distress signals (flares)

Useful: compass, water, sun lotion, hat, sunglasses, snacks

Neither: laser printer, soft toys, tv, ford mustang, American Airlines


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How many colors are there in a rainbow.

### Response:
Seven


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How did the Titanic sink?

### Input:
RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner, operated by the White Star Line, which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it the deadliest sinking of a single ship up to that time.[a] It remains the deadliest peacetime

### Response:
The Titanic sunk after striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic ocean.  It was and still is the deadliest ship sinking of a passenger liner.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Some people describe braising as "transformative". Why is this so?

### Response:
Braising is a common cooking technique where some primary ingredient (typically a cut of tough meat) cooks for a long time under low temperature and with lots of liquid. The main advantage of braising is that it causes the collagen in the meat fibers to break down into gelatin, which makes the meat fibers more separated and thus the meat more tender. In addition, the gelatin mixes with the remaining cooking liquids to create a scrumptious sauce. Thus, the overall process transforms meat from tough into tender, along with a tasty sauce that can be served alongside the meat. Braising is also convenient in that the cook does not have to attend frequently to the food during the cooking process. These two reasons, namely, rendering  tough cuts of meat (which also tend to be cheaper) more tender and requiring less effort from the cook, have made braising a common cooking technique among several cultures.


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### Instruction:
What was the first American college rowing club?

### Input:
Modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 17th century when professional watermen held races (regattas) on the River Thames in London, England. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies. Amateur competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of "boat clubs" at British public schools. Similarly, clubs were formed at colleges within Oxford and Cambridge

### Response:
The first American college rowing club was founded at Yale College in 1843/


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
top mobile Brands

### Response:
Apple
Samsung
Oneplus
Redmi
Motorola
Huawei
Vivo


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
what causes leaves to change color in the fall season

### Response:
Leaves of trees are green in color most of the year because of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is used during the photosynthesis process to absorb energy from sunlight which is then converted to sugars that provides trees with the nutrition it needs much like humans do

In the fall, as the days gets shorter and temperature drops trees get less direct sunlight and also not much heat elsewhere which starts to break down the chlorophyll. This lack of chlorophyll causes pigmentation in the leaves which makes it turn yellow & orange


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### Instruction:
What do colleges consider as part of their admissions process?

### Response:
Colleges consider the following when considering whether to accept or reject an applicant:
1. GPA
2. Test scores (e.g., SAT, ACT)
3. Extracurricular activities
4. Application essay


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### Instruction:
What is backcountry skiing?

### Response:
Backcountry skiing is skiing in the unmarked and ungroomed areas. In normal ski, people go to a ski resort and ski on the slopes marked and maintained by the ski resort. Backcountry ski may use ski lift, or other transportation methods to get to the top of the hill, but they don't follow the marked slope. Backcountry skiers usually bring special gear to avoid hazardous condition, such as avalanche or cliff.


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### Instruction:
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Xylorimba, Cimbalom

### Response:
Cimbalom is string, Xylorimba is percussion.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How does water freeze?

### Response:
Freezing happens when the molecules of a liquid get so cold that they slow down enough to hook onto each other, forming a solid crystal. For pure water, this happens at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.


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### Instruction:
What was the cause of Michael Jackson's death?

### Response:
On August 28, 2009, the Los Angeles County coroner classified Jackson's death as a homicide, determining that Jackson died from acute propofol intoxication, exacerbated by the anxiolytic lorazepam, and less significantly midazolam, diazepam, lidocaine, and ephedrine.


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### Instruction:
Is the earth flat?

### Response:
No, the Earth is round, just like all other planets. The gravitational pull of its mass forces it into a spherical shape. The gravity force pulls the material toward the center of the planet. The flat earth theory is scientifically disproven. The earth is not entirely round, though, because the centrifugal force of its spin causes the earth to bulge slightly around the equator.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Classify each of the following as a planet or a satellite/moon of a planet in our solar system: Jupiter, Europa, Mars, Saturn, Titan, Callisto, Enceladus, Uranus

### Response:
Planets: Jupiter,Saturn,Mars,Uranus
Moons/Satellite: Europa, Titan, Callisto, Enceladus


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Write a creative writing prompt to give to students for an exam about creative non-fiction about nature.

### Response:
The prompt for this exam is to write a minimum of four pages addressing the following prompt: write a passage about the discovery of a fairy grove in the forest while hiking near a small creek, and the flora and fauna you see there.


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### Instruction:
Where is Seinäjoki City Hall?

### Input:
The Seinäjoki City Hall is the main municipal administrative building in the city of Seinäjoki, Finland. It is notable for having been designed by the renowned Finnish architect Alvar Aalto.

### Response:
Seinäjoki City Hall, located in Seinäjoki, Finland is the city's main municipal administrative building. The building was designed by the renowned Finnish architect Alvar Aalto.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why was the show Curb Your Enthusiasm so popular?

### Response:
Curb Your Enthusiasm was popular for its unique brand of humor and for its ability to capture the nuances of everyday life. The show was also well-received for its depiction of a wide range of different characters and situations, from the struggles of a struggling actor to the dysfunctional relationships of a married couple. The show also offered a unique take on the idea of success, as Larry David often explored the idea of what it means to achieve success in the modern world.


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### Instruction:
Based on this paragraph about a singer, how many top-ten singles has Rihanna had in the United States?

### Input:
With sales of over 250 million records worldwide, Rihanna is the second-best-selling female music artist of all time. She has earned 14 number-ones and 32 top-ten singles in the US and 31 top-ten entries in the UK. Her accolades include nine Grammy Awards, 13 American Music Awards (including the Icon Award), 12 Billboard Music Awards, six Guinness World

### Response:
32


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How do you live a life full of gratitude?

### Response:
Each day we are faced with both positive and negative experiences. As humans we tend to focus on the negative experiences, but it is important to recognize that the challenges in life make us stronger and shape us into who we are. To have more gratitude it's important to be grateful for even the small things in life as well. Setting aside time each day to write down the things or people in your life that you're grateful for can help shift your mindset, and train your brain towards gratitude.


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### Instruction:
What is a Rhapsa scotosialis

### Input:
Rhapsa scotosialis, the slender owlet moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the country. It is regarded as one of the most common forest moths found in New Zealand. The larval host species for R. scotosialis is Piper excelsum.

### Response:
A Rhapsa scotosialis, the slender owlet moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand and is found throughout the country. It is regarded as one of the most common forest moths found in New Zealand. The larval host species for R. scotosialis is Piper excelsum.


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### Instruction:
Which state's capital is inaccessible by road?

### Response:
Juneau, Alaska is inaccessible by road, but cars can get to the city via ferry.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
In 1899 the Eastman company in the USA produced first what

### Response:
Kodak 1 - hand held


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### Instruction:
When looking to purchase a bicycle, you need to understand a number of factors. These include the primary use of the bicycle being either for transportation or pleasure. When choosing a bicycle for transportation you want to factor in cost, weight and durability. When choosing a bicycle for pleasure, comfort is the main factor.

### Response:
As part of the buying process, getting expert opinions will be helpful. You want to discuss your purchase with people who have made a similar purchase so that you can make an educated decision.


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### Instruction:
What is the meaning of life?

### Response:
The meaning of life is understood differently by distinct human cultures. This question can be framed as one about ethics and depend on individual belief and values. Some think that life is about achieving goals, while others aim to seek happiness. This question continues to fascinate humanity and has inspired many debates.


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### Instruction:
Why do people enjoy baseball?

### Response:
Baseball is known as "America's Pastime" because it started during the industrial revolution as America grew and expanded across the continental United States.  Baseball is relatively easy to begin playing but extremely difficult to master, which allows for broad appeal and interest.  In addition to the sport gaining popularity there was significant growth in major US cities, where teams would play.  This led to the rise of twenty, thirty and even sixty-thousand seat stadiums where people of all ages could enjoy the game outdoors.  Ultimately helping the sport maintain its popularity and growth to where it is today - a global top 4 sport.


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### Instruction:
What are the main components of Apache Kafka?

### Response:
Apache Kafka is a distributed system that is composed of several components. The main components of Apache Kafka are:
- Topics: A topic is a category or feed name to which producers can send messages and read by consumers. It’s append-only and immutable. Consumers can use an offset to track read messages.
- Brokers: A Kafka cluster is composed of one or more brokers that manage the storage of messages in topics and serve as intermediaries between producers and consumers.
- Producers: Applications that produce data and publish it to one or more topics in a Kafka cluster. They control how events are assigned to partitions within a topic.
- Consumers: Applications that subscribe to one or more topics and consume published messages. The only metadata retained on a per-consumer basis is the offset or position of that consumer in a topic. This offset is controlled by the consumer.
- Partitions: Kafka uses partitions to split a topic's messages across multiple brokers for scalability and performance. Events with the same event key, such as the same customer identifier or vehicle ID, are written to the same partition, and Kafka guarantees that any consumer of a given topic partition will always read that partition’s events in exactly the same order as they were written.
- Replication: Multiple brokers always have a copy of the data to guarantee high availability and fault tolerance. This replication is performed at the topic partition level.


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### Instruction:
Why does pollution in Delhi increase during the months of Nov-Dec each year?

### Response:
Delhi is the capital of India and one of India's largest city.  It has over 30 million residents and an estimated 100+ million vehicles.  Delhi is surrounded by the agricultural states of Punjab and Haryana.  During the period Sep-Nov, the states of Punjab and Haryana harvest rice they have grown during the summer months.  Post the harvest, in order to prepare the fields for sowing again they burn the left over rice husk and dried plants.  The month of November marks the onset of winter in the north Indian plains and during this time the north westerly winds stop.  The combination of high vehicle number, large scale burning of post harvest leftover and onset of winter with no winds results in the months of Nov-Dec being the most polluted in the year.


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### Instruction:
Which player has scored the most world cup goals?

### Response:
After playing in four different World Cup editions, Germany's Miroslav Klose currently holds the record for most goals scored in the competition's history. Klos scored 16 times across the 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014 tournaments combined, at an average of 0.67 goals per game.


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### Instruction:
Classify each of the following as either an indoor or an outdoor sport: soccer, table tennis, darts, snooker, cricket

### Response:
Soccer is an outdoor sport
Table tennis or ping pong is an indoor sport
Darts is an indoor sport
Snooker is an indoor sport
Cricket is an outdoor sport


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Do god exists?

### Response:
Yes. Because there must be some one who actually creates the first life.


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### Instruction:
Why do you think humans need pets?

### Response:
Humans need pets because they can provide companionship. Owning a pet means the owner must have a sense of responsibility. They need to take care of their pets every day. This has a benefit for mental health,  as the owner must take some time off from other focuses, such as work.  Pets also provide emotional support.  They can help owner calm down when they are feeling down.


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### Instruction:
Tell me whether these styles are related to facial hair or head hair: mohawk, buzz cut, goatee, soul patch, mustache, chin strap, bowl cut

### Response:
Mohawk: Head Hair
Buzz Cut: Head Hair
Goatee: Facial Hair
Soul Patch: Facial Hair
Mustache: Facial Hair
Chin Strap: Facial Hair
Bowl Cut: Head Hair


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Which is a species of fish? Javelin or Discus

### Response:
Javelin


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What type of natural disaster is known for occurring in San Francisco, California?

### Response:
Earthquakes are associated with San Francisco


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### Instruction:
What is Bar Method?

### Response:
Bar Method is a type of exercise routine based on body weight strength movements and stretching. The entire one-hour class is performed at a Ballet Bar and individual instruction and corrections are provided by a certified Bar Method teacher. Most movements are based on physical therapy with a focus on maximizing muscular strength and minimal joint impact.


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### Instruction:
Why do people visit the national parks?

### Response:
The national parks are a system of diverse natural and historical locations that are preserved for people to enjoy. Because there is such variety in the national parks there's sure to be something that interests you. Some parks are made up of vast natural landscapes and wildernesses that can be explored. Others are sanctuaries for wildlife where you can see animals in their natural habitat. Still other locations are on islands or have amazing coastline and includes underwater habitats and wildlife. While some national parks are harder to access, most can be enjoyed by the majority of people. If you hate paying high entrance fees to destination locations the national parks are also a great option. You can get an annual pass for less than $100 which allows you to visit all national parks and many national forests and monuments at no additional charge. However, if you want to stay within the national parks make sure to book well in advance as campsites and lodging fills up quickly. For the most popular parks you'll want to book six months in advance when the reservations open up. The national parks can be enjoyed by people of all ages and have stunning vistas you can drive right up to or week long backpacking trips for adventure seekers.


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### Instruction:
name some famous rock songs in the 1970s

### Response:
Many believe that the 1970s were the golden age of rock bands, and there are hundreds of beautiful songs from this period. Here are just some famous songs that are still very popular on the streaming platforms:
1. Hotel California, Eagles, 1975
2. Stairway to Heaven, Led Zeppelin, 1971
3. Dream On, Aerosmith, 1973
4. Bohemian Rhapsody, Queen, 1975
5. Another brick in the wall: Pink Floyd, 1979


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### Instruction:
What is geospatial data?

### Response:
Geographic data and information, also known as geospatial data, is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information,[citation needed] georeferenced data and information,[citation needed] as well as geodata and geoinformation.[citation needed]

Approximately 90% of government sourced data has a location component. Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).

There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.


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### Instruction:
Why does coconut water turn pink?

### Response:
If you leave pure coconut water alone, varying antioxidant levels can affect how it naturally turns from clear to pink over time. This is a natural process.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Are humans animals?

### Response:
Yes, humans are animals; humans are mammals related to the great apes. Other mammals include bears, dogs, and cats. Other non-mammalian animals include penguins, lobsters, and alligators. Even insects such as bees and flies are animals, though they are not mammals.


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### Instruction:
What are five different names I could pick for my new male dog?

### Response:
Buddy, Rex, Fifo, Spot and Lucky


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are some classic board games to play with the family?

### Response:
Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are timeless games suitable for the family.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What if a buff?

### Response:
A buff is an item of clothing that wraps around the neck for warmth.


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### Instruction:
Who is Luke Skywalker's parents?

### Response:
Luke Skywalker's parents are Padme Amidala and Anakin Skywalker (also known as Darth Vader)


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### Instruction:
Who is the lead singer of the band elbow?

### Response:
Guy Garvey is the lead singer of elbow.


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### Instruction:
Which major countries border Mongolia?

### Input:
Mongolia[c] (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy

### Response:
Russia and China


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Aion, Cadillac

### Response:
Aion is Chinese, Cadillac is American


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What age should babies be potty trained?

### Response:
When a baby is ready for potty training depends on several factors.  There is no universal answer or age that a child is ready to be potty trained.  However, some signs that a child is ready to be potty trained are signaling and/or awareness of when a child is or needs to eliminate waste.   Another factor is when the care taker has the time to dedicate to consistent practice of eliminating in a toilet instead of a diaper. Infant potty training also known as elimination communication is the practice of skipping the reliance of the usage of diapers.  In this practice, the caretaker will teach signs to the baby every time the baby eliminates in the toilet (not in a diaper) - the baby will eventually pick up these signs and give cues when they need to go.  Those that subscribe to infant potty training believe that conventional diapers train babies to ignore their natural instincts by removing the discomfort one would normally sense from having wet skin (achieved by chemicals that absorb liquid and wick moisture away from the skin found in many disposable diapers).  While infant potty training takes a lot of upfront attention and discipline, young children can be fully potty trained by 9-16 months of age.  On the other hand, potty training children that have been in diapers are usually potty trained by about 36 months of age.  There are considerable convenience trade offs to both methods.


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a bulleted list of Aaron Fenster's accomplishments.

### Input:
Aaron Fenster is a medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013[1] for his contributions to medical imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound-guided interventions. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences[2] and co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research

### Response:
"- Medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute.
- Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
- Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.
- Co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program.
- Completed a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto."


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Which actor is common to Magnificent 7 and Dirty Dozen

### Response:
Charles Bronson


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Given this paragraph about Berwick, what was its population during the most up to date census?

### Input:
Berwick is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Wilkes-Barre. As of the 2020 census, Berwick had a population of 10,355.[4] It is one of the two principal communities of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area, which covers Columbia and Montour counties,[5] and had a combined

### Response:
10,355


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
The Awards ceremony for 63rd Grammy Awards was held at which place?

### Response:
Los Angeles


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is multipass distillation?

### Response:
Multipass distillation is taking water and distilled it hundreds of times per gallon made by ultra heating and cooling the water many times per minute.  This action itself will change the bond angle of water from 104 degrees which is traditional tap water to 114 degrees.  This bond angle change is a permanent change to the produced multi-pass distilled water.  It has properties that can heal the body similar to stream water coming down a mountain which usually has a bond angle around 108 degrees.


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### Instruction:
What is EFTPOS?

### Response:
Electronic funds transfer at point of sale, or EFTPOS, is an electronic payment system involving electronic funds transfers based on the use of payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, at payment terminals located at points of sale. EFTPOS technology was developed during the 1980s. In Australia and New Zealand, it is also the brand name of a specific system used for such payments; these systems are mainly country-specific and do not interconnect. In Singapore, it is known as NETS.

Debit and credit cards are embossed plastic cards complying with ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard. The cards have an embossed bank card number conforming with the ISO/IEC 7812 numbering standard.


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### Instruction:
Why is Mediterranean diet considered the healthiest?

### Response:
Typical Mediterranean diet is well balanced, full of healthy fats, lean protein, and vast variety of whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. As a main source of animal protein it focuses on fish and poultry, instead of red meat. Mediterranean diet includes low processed and plant-based carbs, as well as heart healthy fats - especially olive oil. Typical dessert would be fruit which is full of vitamins and antioxidants. As a result people who follow Mediterranean diet tend to see a number of health benefits, including reduced risk of diabetes, obesity and heart disease. It also helps to manage cholesterol and blood pressure. Due to high amount of legumes, vegetables and fruits, this diet is high in antioxidants and offers anti-inflammatory benefits. Some studies also show its positive effects to brain health and cognitive function.


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Penguin Books?

### Input:
Penguin Books is a British publishing house. It was co-founded in 1935 by Allen Lane with his brothers Richard and John,[3] as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head, only becoming a separate company the following year.[4] Penguin revolutionised publishing in the 1930s through its inexpensive paperbacks, sold through Woolworths and other stores for sixpence, bringing high-quality fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.[5] Its success showed that large audiences existed

### Response:
Penguin Books is a publishing house of inexpensive fiction and non-fiction paperbacks. It was founded by the Lane brothers in 1935 as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head. It became a separate publisher in 1936.


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### Instruction:
How did Abraham Lincoln die?

### Response:
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated during a play in Ford's Theater while serving as President


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What does the Remarkable writing tablet do?

### Input:
Remarkable (styled as reMarkable) is an E Ink writing tablet for reading documents and textbooks, sketching and note-taking that attempts to fully replicate paper writing. Developed by a Norwegian startup company of the same name, the device is geared towards students and academics.

The reMarkable uses electronic paper reading display and tablet computer writing system.

### Response:
Using e Ink technology, the Remarkable writing tablet can be used for sketching and note-taking that attempts to fully replicate paper writing as well as to read documents and textbooks.  Remarkable also allows handwritten notes to be converted into text.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tikataalik, Tree Kangaroo

### Response:
Tree Kangaroo is alive, Tikataalik is extinct.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Why is Utah a top destination for skiing

### Response:
Utah is a top destination for all types of snow based activities including skiing, snowboarding, cross country skiing and snowmobiling.  Utah snowstorms produce some of the best snow in the country based on Utah's average snow density, resulting from quick-change temperature fluctuations.

Utah is home to big mountains, thousands of acres of skiable terrain, and everything from top rated ski resorts to small local hills.  Utah's most visited ski resorts include: Snowbird, Deer Valley, Park City, Alta and Snowbasin.


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### Instruction:
Where is Lukaya River?

### Input:
The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its source is located in the Crystal Mountains (Montagnes de Cristal), from which it runs eastward through Bas-Congo, then runs into the banks of the Ndjili River. The rail line from Matadi to Kinshasa runs along the river valley for a time, passing to the south and then to the east of Kinshasa. At one point the river was the

### Response:
The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, originating in the Crystal Mountains and running eastward through Bas-Congo and into the Ndjili River. The Petites Chutes de la Lukaya is a gathering place for tourist activities.


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### Instruction:
Who is the greater footballer of all time?

### Response:
There is no universal consensus on who the greatest footballer of all time is. In the women's game, Marta of Brazil and Mia Hamm of the USA are considered to be two of the greatest footballers of all time. Both were forwards, and both were awarded the FIFA World Player of the Year multiple times - 6 in total for Marta, twice for Mia Hamm. In the men's game, Lionel Messi (Argentina & Barcelona) and Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal and Real Madrid) are considered two of the greatest players of all time during modern times. Before them, Pele of Brazil and Diego Maradona of Argentina were often considered two of the best players of all time.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
How many times Daniel Ricciardo won the F1 championship ?

### Response:
0 times


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who create Ben & Jerry's icecream?

### Response:
Ben & Jerry's ice cream was founded by Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield in South Burlington, Vermont.  The ice cream grew in popularity largely due to its exotic flavors which included large chunks of ingredients mixed in with regular ice cream.  This was due to Cohen's server anosmia, a lack of sense and smell, who relied on the textures when creating new flavors.


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### Instruction:
What are three different club teams Cristiano Ronaldo has played for?

### Response:
Cristiano Ronaldo has played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Juventus.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Multicloud?

### Response:
Multicloud simply refers to deploying workloads to multiple public clouds. Companies may have several motivations for multicloud deployments. SaaS platforms often wish to offer services close to existing customer workloads, which is especially critical for data intensive applications, where network latency and bandwidth limitations can negatively affect performance and data egress costs can be prohibitive. Another common motivation for multicloud approach is to take advantage of the best services across several clouds. For example, a company might want to handles its Google Ads and Analytics data in Google Cloud and deploy kubernetes through GKE. And the company might want to adopt Azure specifically for Microsoft workloads. And the company may like AWS for some best-in-class services and its huge mindshare, making it easy to find AWS-proficient engineers. Given the intense competition among cloud providers, expect them to offer more best-of-breed services, making multicloud more compelling.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are the three best rapid transit systems in California and why?

### Response:
1. The Bay Area Rapid Transit or "BART" because it has many different lines and connects most of the San Francisco Bay Area.
2. MUNI because it has a wonderful combination of some light rail lines, vintage vehicles and lots of bus lines.
3. LA Metro because it connects so many different places in the huge LA metropolitan area where automobile congestion can be bad.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Name some famous Sci-Fi movies

### Response:
Some famous Sci-Fi movies are Star Wars, 2001: A Space Odyssey and Blade Runner


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is the antagonist on The X-Files?

### Response:
There are many antagonists on The X-Files, but the most long-running individual antagonist is The Cigarette Smoking Man (CSM) also known as C.G.B. Spender. He was primarily responsible for orchestrating conspiracies. He was a member of "The Syndicate," which was a mysterious shadow government group that covered up the existence of extraterrestrial life.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me some quotes from Aristotle that I might use in a school assignment

### Response:
1. Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.
2. No great mind has ever existed without a touch of madness.
3. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence.
4. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.
5. Those who know, do. Those that understand, teach.
6. Learning is not child's play; we can not learn without pain.
7. What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies.
8. Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.
9. It is impossible or not easy to alter by argument what has long been absorbed by habit.
10. Educating the head without educating the heart is no education at all.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who won the best new artist as well as award for the Best Pop Vocal Album in 64th Annual Grammy Awards

### Response:
Olivia Rodrigo


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What's so special about the Nissan GT-R?

### Response:
The Nissan GT-R, which initially went into production in 2007, is powered by a hand-built engine assembled by one of only 5 specially-trained technicians (known as Takumi Craftsmen) in a cleanroom in Nissan's Yokohama factory. Early models produced roughly 473 horsepower, with incremental improvements yielding upwards of 560hp in current models.


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### Instruction:
Which of the following are names typically given to girls, typically given to boys, or names that could easily be given to either a boy or a girl: Sam, Bill, Liz, Tracy, Mary, Joe, Taylor, Missy, Ralph, Scott, Michelle, Michael, Frank, Cheryl, Ryan, Stephenie.

### Response:
Of these, Bill, Joe, Ralph, Scott, Michael, Frank and Ryan are names that would typically be for boys; Liz, Mary, Missy, Michelle, Cheryl and Stephenie are names that would typically be for girls; and Sam, Tracy, and Taylor are names that could apply to either a girl or a boy.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me if these technologies would have existed before the invention of electricity or not: steam engine, candles, iPad, radio, oil lamps, fax machine, printing press

### Response:
steam engine: would have existed, candles: would have existed, iPad: would not have existed, radio: would not have existed, oil lamps: would have existed, fax machine: would not have existed, printing press: would have existed


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
List of greek goddesses starting by 'L':

### Response:
Here is the list of greek goddesses starting by 'L':

- Lampad
- Lampetia
- Lampsace
- Lethe
- Leto
- Libya
- Limos
- Litae
- Lyssa


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Delphi?

### Response:
Delphi is a general-purpose programming language and a software product that uses the Delphi dialect of the Object Pascal programming language and provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software, currently developed and maintained by Embarcadero Technologies.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is s3 equivalent in GCP?

### Response:
If you're familiar with AWS, Google Storage is GCP's version of AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) and an S3 bucket would be equivalent to a Google Storage bucket across the two clouds.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are a couple date night ideas?

### Response:
Date nights are a great way to connect with your significant other.  You could go to dinner and a movie.  This option may sound cliché but try to be creative by choosing a restaurant you haven't been to and see a movie at a small neighborhood movie theater.  Another great option is a cooking class.  There are lots of options when it comes to the type of food.  You could even have the class at your home.


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### Instruction:
What are the key elements to a companies income statement?

### Response:
Gross Revenue, Net Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, Sales of Goods & Administration, Marketing, Operational Expenses, Operating Income


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is an Oxford comma and why do editors have such strong feelings about their use?

### Response:
An Oxford comma is a comma before the last item in a series or list. For example take the following two statements:

I was chased by the fox, the bear and the dog.
I was chased by the fox, the bear, and the dog.

The meaning is the same but the second statement contains an Oxford comma.

Some say the Oxford comma adds clarity to some statements. This is apparent when there can be ambiguity between a list and an appositive. Take the following two example statements:

We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris and Terry.
We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris, and Terry.

The first statement can appear to imply that we went to dinner with two people whose names are Chris and Terry who are both our coaches. There is no such implication that can be extracted from the second statement. The second statement implies we went to dinner with at least 4 people: Chris, Terry, and at least two coaches. This type of ambiguity is what proponents of the Oxford comma latch onto in its defense.

On the other hand, opponents of the Oxford comma claim it should be avoided in favor of rewording sentences when necessary. The sentence:

We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris, and Terry.

Can easily be reworded as:

We went to dinner with Chris and Terry, as well as our coaches.

The "as well as" language is claimed to be more clear than the Oxford comma albeit less concise. Editors who oppose the Oxford comma typically privilege clarity over conciseness.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is the east Asian process of training small trees called?

### Response:
Bonsai


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Given the following paragraph, what university has evidence of teaching as early as 1096?

### Input:
The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096,[2] making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation.[2][9][10] It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.[2] After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk

### Response:
The University of Oxford


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### Instruction:
What are the different swimming styles? Which one is the fastest and which one the slowest?

### Response:
There are four main different swimming styles in competitive swimming. These are backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and crawl.

Crawl is the fastest style, while breaststroke is considered to be the slowest.


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### Instruction:
Why do eucalyptus trees have such an excellent aroma?  Is there any other uses for Eucalyptus?

### Input:
Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like

### Response:
The oil from Eucalyptus trees provides several benefits with the most prevalent being the pleasant aroma.  As a tree that grows fast and has been used strategically to reduce the risk of malaria by draining swamps a little Eucalyptus goes a long way.  The oil produced by these trees are also useful in an antimicrobial activity and in some cases has been known to make the trees more flammable.  Outside of their native Australia they have been viewed as an invasive species.


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### Instruction:
What is the tallest building in the city of San Francisco?

### Input:
Salesforce Tower, formerly known as Transbay Tower, is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. Its main tenant is Salesforce, a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m).

### Response:
Salesforce Tower is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m).


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### Instruction:
Given a reference text about Reginaldo de França Lopes, tell me what sport and position he played and when he retired.

### Input:
Reginaldo de França Lopes (born 31 October 1969), known as Reginaldo França, is a Brazilian professional football manager and former player.

A defensive midfielder, França played his entire career for teams in the Ceará state, aside from a short period at Cascavel in 2004, and notably represented Ferroviário in the 2002 Série C. He retired in

### Response:
Reginaldo de França Lopes was a footballer who played defensive midfielder. He retired from playing football in 2006 and became a manager.


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### Instruction:
Which cities should a perfect trip to Germany include.

### Response:
The perfect trip to Germany includes three major cities. If you plan to travel to Germany via plane, it is best to fly into either Berlin, Munich, or Frankfurt airport. These are the biggest airports in the country. From there, you can either travel around by high-speed train or you can take a car and drive on the famous German 'Autobahn.' If you want to experience driving without a speed limit, I would recommend the latter. A perfect trip to Germany must include visiting Munich, Berlin, and Hamburg. All three cities are amongst the largest cities and Germany, with over 1 million people living there, but have each unique cultural as well as historical characteristics. Berlin's present is still influenced by its division into East and West Berlin during the cold war. The city with its two centers is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science. Berlin offers great nightlife, world-class museums, and a lot of sights of historic relevance. Hamburg is known for its port, playing a historic role in trade as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League. The city lies on the River Elbe, and its many canals are crossed by around 2,500 bridges, making it the city with the highest number of bridges in Europe. Munich is the last city you must include on your trip. The city is the largest city in the German state of Bavaria and is well known for its world famous October Fest. Munich is often ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Germany, and attracts visitors with its food culture, parks, and is proximity to the German Alps.


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### Instruction:
What is the Norwood scale used for?

### Response:
It is used to classify the stages of male pattern baldness. The scale is divided into seven stages.


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### Instruction:
why does daylight savings still exist in the United States?

### Response:
In the United States, the economy used to be heavily based on agriculture.  Therefore, daylight savings was originally instituted to facilitate a farmer's workday so that much of the working hours could coincide with the hours where there was more daylight (daylight begins is later in the spring). Since then; however, the U.S. economy has become less agriculturally based and also with technological advancements that have drastically impacted American work patterns, the need to follow daylight windows has reduced dramatically. While daylight savings still allows many Americans to spend their working hours during the daylight, there is the popular opinion that daylight savings should no longer be observed in the United States, especially with the confusion that comes with changing hours during the spring and fall.  There are at least a couple states that do not change times for daylight savings which further adds to the confusion.


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### Instruction:
What is India’s rank in UN Human Development Index 2021?

### Response:
132nd (total nations 191)


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What are some of the differences between English and Mandarin Chinese languages?

### Response:
There are quite few differences.
1. Chinese characters are hieroglyphic; English words are phonic.
2. Chinese is character based; English is word based.
3. Chinese verbs don't have tenses; English verbs do
4. Chinese characters have tones; English words don't
5. Chinese adverbs and adjectives are indistinguishable; English adverbs and adjectives are different words most of the time
6. Chinese questions are sentences with a special character added to the end; English question are sentences with a special word added to the front


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
what are the benefits of swimming?

### Response:
Swimming is a gravity-free, full-body cardio workout; swimmers can determine the intensity of the workout on their own with different exercise strategies. Swimming can improve your cardio level, get better heart-blood circulation, and have stronger lungs. Like any other sport or exercises, swimming also reduces stress, boosts mood, and helps with sleep quality. If you swim fast pace sprints, it can build muscles. On the other hand, if you swim steady-paced, long laps, it improves endurance and reduces your resting heart rate with practice.


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### Instruction:
Extract the population for Paris mentioned in the paragraph

### Input:
Paris (English: /ˈpærɪs/; French pronunciation: [paʁi] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023[2] in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi),[5] making it the fourth-most populated city in the European Union as well as the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022.[6] Since the 17th

### Response:
The official estimated population of Paris is 2,102,650 residents


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is Airsoft ?

### Response:
Airsoft is a recreational activity that replicates modern combat technics from the army and the police with replicas of real firearms that shoot biodegradable plastic pellets. It was invented in the late 70’s. Airsoft players are usually split in two teams. The goal of the game is to eliminate players of the opposite team by hitting them with a pellet.


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### Instruction:
What are some reasons not to live in far northern locations?

### Response:
Generally speaking, the further north you go, the colder it gets. Living in cold weather makes many things more complicated due to the need to have sources of heat everywhere you go. Far northern locations also have more extreme amounts of daylight. This makes it hard to know when it's nighttime in the summer, and in the winter, you might not see much sunlight at all. The lack of sunlight can increase depression and makes everyday activities more challenging. It is also harder to produce food in the cold and dark.


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### Instruction:
Name all of the field positions in baseball in a bulleted list.

### Response:
The names of the field positions in baseball are:
- Pitcher
- Catcher
- First Base
- Second Base
- Third Base
- Shortstop
- Right Field
- Center Field
- Left Field


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### Instruction:
Given this paragraph about computers, what is the first RISC system?

### Input:
Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design,[2] begun in 1975 by John Cocke and completed in 1980. The 801 developed out of an effort to build a 24-bit high-speed processor to use as the basis for a digital telephone switch. To reach their goal of switching 1 million calls per hour (300 per second) they calculated that the CPU

### Response:
The first RISC system was the IBM 801, started in 1975 and completed in 1980.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Tell me if these are types of rock or types of fungi: sedimentary, yeasts, mildews, metamorphic, igneous, smuts, rusts, molds.

### Response:
Types of rocks include: sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous. Types of fungi include: yeasts, mildews, smuts, rusts, molds.


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### Instruction:
What are a some nicknames for the name William?

### Response:
Will, Bill, Billy, Willy


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What would it be like to be a pirate?

### Response:
If you were a pirate, your mission would be to find treasure. The question is between the vastness and depth of the sea, how could you ever find such a treasure? There are no treasure maps. You could look in history books to find coordinates of where they believe ships have crashed in the past, take those coordinates, and search for those sites. However, you may find the site only to realize the boat never carried any treasure that could stand the test of time under the water. The treasure may have wasted away.


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### Instruction:
What is heterosis?

### Response:
Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. The heterotic offspring often has traits that are more than the simple addition of the parents' traits, and can be explained by Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance. Typical heterotic/hybrid traits of interest in agriculture are higher yield, quicker maturity, stability, drought tolerance, etc.


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### Instruction:
Give me a list of items I should bring to the beach this weekend.

### Response:
Here is a list of items you should bring to the beach this weekend:
1. Bathing Suit
2. Tent
3. Beers
4. Towels
5. Sandals
6. Sand Toys
7. Sand Blanket
8. Cooler


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What is success

### Response:
Satisfaction levels define the success, success defined for one person may not be true for other


Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is the main character of Naruto?

### Input:
Naruto[a] is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village. The story is told in two parts—the first set in Naruto's pre-teen years, and the second in his teens. The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri

### Response:
The main character of Naruto is Naruto Uzumaki, a shinobi of the Hidden Leaf Village. His dream in life is to become the Hokage, the strongest ninja in his village. However, he never achieves this, and dies in his battle again Pain, the leader of the Akatsuki, after attempting to avenge his mentor's death. He is then revived by Obito Uchiha using the rinnegan's powers, which can trade the user's life for another's. Naruto then returns to Pain and uses his infamous talk-no-jutsu to convince Pain to stop being evil, which succeeds.


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### Instruction:
Who is the winner of International Booker Prize 2022 ?

### Response:
Geetanjali Shree


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Who is Jon Snow's biological parents?

### Response:
While the answer has yet to be officially acknowledged in the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series, the "Game of Thrones" television show, which is based on the book series, revealed that Jon Snow is the son of the late Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark.


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### Instruction:
Which one of these do not belong to the group:  House, Cottage, School, Palace, Hut

### Response:
All except School are dwelling places.


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
What colors are on the United States of America flag?

### Response:
Red, white, blue


Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request.

### Instruction:
Give me a list of some underrated countries I've never travelled to.

### Response:
* Mongolia: This hidden gem doesn't get the attention that it needs. Known for Yak, nomad lifestyle, and Gorkhi Terelj National Park, country has a tons of things to offer.
* Ecuador: Many tourists comes to Ecuador but to visit popular Galapagos Islands. However, my doing so, they are missing all the goodness that this beautiful and filled with nature, country has to offer.
* Slovenia: If you are planning to visit the tourist beloved Croatia, then you might want to also involve its neighbouring country. Slovenia despite being small, has a magnificent Lake Bled and Triglav National Park. On the top, if you less crowded and affordable prices your wish, then it is a definite try.
* Laos: Although people are well acquainted with Thailand and Vietnam as countries in South East Asia, this small country is often overlooked. Not only this is a budget-friendly country, it has great waterfalls, caves and bunch of small islands that will definitely make worth a visit.


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### Instruction:
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Chrotta, Frula

### Response:
Chrotta is string, Frula is woodwind.


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### Instruction:
What is a mobile phone?

### Response:
A mobile phone is a device that lets the world (e.g. people, companies, friends, and family) stay in contact with each other.  They other capability such as text messaging, internet browsing, watching movies, reading news, navigation, and taking photos.  They service a core component in everyday living similar to refrigerators and microwaves.  They also serve as a way for people to interact with different social media platforms and entertainment.


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### Instruction:
What is the name of the world's oldest city?

### Response:
The city of Jericho, located near the Jordan River in Palestine, is the earliest known city and played an important role in the development of the Neolithic Revolution. Since 9000 BC, nomadic settlers have been drawn here by the warm temperatures, natural springs, and the land's suitability for cultivation.


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### Instruction:
Where did the 1951 French legislative election take place

### Input:
Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections.[1] Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.[1]

### Response:
The elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.


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### Instruction:
Classify each of the following as a liquid or solid: water, mailbox, soda, coffee, bush, grass, milk

### Response:
Water: Liquid
Mailbox: Solid
Soda: Liquid
Coffee: Liquid
Bush: Solid
Grass: Solid
Milk: Liquid


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### Instruction:
Who are some of the most famous weird fiction authors, who wrote in the early 20th century, aside from H. P. Lovecraft? And what is a good short story from each that I might like, if I like H. P. Lovecraft?

### Response:
Some well-regarded weird fiction authors from the early 20th century include Arthur Machen ("The White People"), Clark Ashton Smith ("The Vaults of Yoh-Vombis"), and Robert W. Chambers ("The Repairer of Reputations").


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### Instruction:
Think of a number of different ways you can get around Sydney.

### Response:
There are a number of modes of transport in Sydney. Sydney has a public transport network with trains and buses. There are also car share, taxi services, electric bikes and e-scooters that can be hired through mobile applications, and you can always walk between places if they are not too far apart.


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### Instruction:
What international trophy did the Club Africain football team won in 1971 ?

### Input:
Club Africain (Arabic: النادي الإفريقي) is a Tunisian football club based in Tunis that competes in the Tunisian Championship. It fields several sports teams, including football, handball, basketball, swimming and volleyball. The football team was the first Tunisian club to win an international trophy, when they won the Maghreb Cup Winners Cup in 1971. Twenty years later, in 1991, Club Africain became the

### Response:
The Maghreb Cup Winners Cup


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### Instruction:
List five titles by Ann M. Martin.

### Response:
Bummer Summer, Belle Teal, A Corner of the Universe, Ten Kids, No Pets, Everything for a Dog


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### Instruction:
Where is Urumqi?

### Response:
It's in the in the far northwest of China.


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### Instruction:
What university did Ted Ringwood join and what discipline did he follow ?

### Input:
Ted Ringwood was born in Kew, only child of Alfred Edward Ringwood. He attended Hawthorn West State School where he played cricket and Australian Rules football. In 1943 he was successful in gaining a scholarship to Geelong Grammar School where he boarded. On matriculation, he enrolled in Geology a science degree at the University of Melbourne where he held a Commonwealth Government Scholarship,

### Response:
Ted Ringwood joined the University of Melbourne and he took a Geology science degree


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### Instruction:
What are the official languages of Belgium?

### Response:
The official languages of Belgium are Dutch, spoken in Flanders, French, spoken in Wallonia, and German, spoken by the German-speaking Community.


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### Instruction:
Was Endless Nights released in November or December?

### Input:
Endless Nights in Aurora (Chinese: 極光之愛) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic drama film directed by Lee Szu-yuan. It stars Rainie Yang and Chris Wang. It was released on December 19, 2014.

Revolving around the romantic relationship of two generations, Alisha and her mother Xiao-feng, two parallel love stories are re-enacted across two and a half decades. With equally heated passion, the star-crossed lovers in different generations are faithfully attached

### Response:
December


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### Instruction:
The reduction in wild grain populations lead to what type of crop being cultivated?

### Input:
Around 4000 BCE, the Saharan climate started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace.[65] This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification. This, in turn, decreased the amount of land conducive to settlements and encouraged migrations of farming communities to the more tropical climate of West Africa.[65] During the first millennium BCE, a reduction in

### Response:
The reduction in wild grain populations lead to the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.


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### Instruction:
What are some tips for traveling with a toddler?

### Response:
Toddlers are innately adventurous. They like to explore new things, places and people as it stimulates their brain. With some planning, traveling with a toddler can actually be hugely rewarding. They make memories and get exposed to different cultures, developing more empathy and learning language early on. Here are some tips for making travel easy with a toddler:

1. Carry light weight activities they are currently into. For example, sticker books, coloring or puzzles.
2. Carry a lovey in your backpack/hand luggage.
3. Carry a few of their night time reading books.
4. Keep energy snacks handy at all times.
5. Use a carrier if you are going to be outdoors. For example, hiking or trekking.
6. Book a morning flight if it is over 7-8 hours. Book a flight during their nap time if shorter than 7-8 hours.
7. Ask for an upgrade at the airport.
8. Make them walk at the airport instead of using a stroller, that way they will get tired and sleep in the plane.


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### Instruction:
How long is a running ultra?

### Response:
The term ultra applies to any foot race longer than a marathon. Any foot race longer than 26.2 miles (or 42 kilometers) is considered an ultra marathon, or an "ultra". Some ultras are measured in distance. Common distances are 50 kilometers, 100 kilometers, and 100 miles. Other ultras are measured in time. In a timed ultra format, participants run as far as they can in a pre-determined amount of time. An example of common timed ultras is the 12 hour format, the 24 hour format, and the 48 hour format. A third category of ultra running races is called "Last Person Standing". These races repeat a 4.167 mile "yard" (loop) each hour until only one person can complete a yard by themselves. That person becomes "the last person standing".


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### Instruction:
Which country is the best at hockey?

### Response:
Canada is widely considered to be the strongest country in ice hockey. The National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level of competition in the world. About half of NHL players are Canadian.


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### Instruction:
What is the best movie of all time

### Response:
Shawshank Redemption


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### Instruction:
What car manufacturers were associated with American Muscle cars in the 1960s and 1970s?

### Response:
Chevrolet, Ford, Dodge


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### Instruction:
How does a transistor amplify a signal?

### Response:
A transistor is a constructed from materials that behave as semiconductors--which is to say that these materials conduct electrical current but only when certain conditions are met. By combining these materials into a device called a transistor we are able to create an electronic component that will only conduct electricity when a small electric current is applied to the so-called Base pin of the transistor.

One obvious use of such behavior is to use the transistor as a switch--by applying or removing current to the base pin we are able to control whether the transistor conducts electricity via its collector and emitter pins. When no current is present at the Base pin the transistor will block electrical transmission through its emitter and collector pins.

Generally speaking, the electrical current required to control the transistor at the base pin is very small. Much larger currents can be transferred through the device through the collector and emitter pins. Thus, in effect, a transistor uses a very small input current to control the flow of a much larger current.

An audio signal, for example, is transmitted as a very low power electrical current--in it's original form it is too small to be able to drive a loudspeaker to make sounds that are audible to the human ear. To amplify this signal so that is usable for audio playback we can apply the audio signal to a transistor's base pin--this will allow a much larger current to flow between the emitter and collector pins and through the transistor. Since the flow of this large current will mirror the much smaller current of the audio signal we will have effectively created a much stronger version of the original input signal.


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### Instruction:
Given this series of navigation instructions, determine whether one would end up back at the starting point: Take 1 step. Take 2 steps. Take 3 steps. Turn around. Take 6 steps. Turn right.

### Response:
Well, I'd say yes and no. While the person would be at the starting point, he wouldn't be facing the same direction.


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### Instruction:
Why the certain animals called the big five ?

### Response:
These refer specifically to 5 most dangerous types of animals in Africa, that kill humans. They also sometimes referred to the 5 most dangerous types of animals to hunt in Africa.


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### Instruction:
"The Day the Music Died" refers to the tragic deaths of which artists?

### Response:
Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and The Big Bopper


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### Instruction:
Tell me which of the following are MLB teams: A's, Washing Machines, Ringed Tails, Giants, Yankees, Astros, Phillies, Cherries, Wild.

### Response:
A's, Giants, Yankees, Astros, Phillies.


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### Instruction:
Could you please help classify these cars as "compact" vs. "midsized"?
Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Honda Civic, Mazda3, Honda Accord, Toyota Corolla, Toyota Prius, Hyundai Sonata

### Response:
Yes, here is the list:
- Compact Cars: Honda Civic, Mazda3, Toyota Corolla, and Toyota Prius
- Midsized Cars: Toyota Camry, Nissan Altima, Honda Accord, Hyundai Sonata


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### Instruction:
Was there an industrial revolution during the middle ages?

### Response:
Most economic historians would argue that an industrial revolution would require widespread use of coal for heating, mechanical power generation, and metal making.  In that sense, there was no medieval industrial revolution.  However, widespread investment in windmills, water wheels, and canals did help the European economy grow and improve the living standards of the average medieval peasant.  Similarly, cross border trade in bulk commodities like wool and wine allowed for an international division of labor, with the associated improvement in productivity and living standards.  By the end of the Middle Ages, mechanical clocks had become ubiquitous: plenty of craftsmen had the precision metalworking skills to build these complex machines, and even more people could afford to buy them.  Not quire an industrial revolution, but certainly a prosperous society taking the first steps towards automation.


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### Instruction:
What is the difference between a microservice and an API?

### Response:
Microservices is an approach to building an application that breaks its functionality into modular components. APIs are part of an application that communicates with other applications.


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### Instruction:
Suppose you started at 0 degrees N, 0 degrees E on the earth. You started traveling due north, continuing straight for 2439 miles, turned 60 degrees counter-clockwise, traveled another 4878 miles, turned 60 degrees counter-clockwise traveled another 4878 miles, turned 60 degrees once again, and traveled another 4878 miles. At this point where would you be? Please explain the mathematics of how you came to your conclusion.

### Response:
You would be approximately 35 degrees S, 0 degrees E, or 2439 miles south of your starting position, assuming the earth is a sphere with a circumference of 24,901 miles. After traveling 2439 miles north, you would be at 35 degrees N, 0 degrees E. After turning 60 degrees counter clockwise and traveling 4878 miles, you would be at 35 degrees N, 90 degrees W. Turning 60 degrees counter-clockwise and traveling another 4878 miles, you would arrive at 35 degrees S, 90 degrees W. Finally turning 60 degrees counter-clockwise and traveling 2439 miles you would arrive at 35 degrees S, 0 degrees W. If you returned to your starting position, you will have traced out a spherical square.


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### Instruction:
Which of the following words are conjunctions, and which are prepositions: and, between, but, for, in, of, on, or, under, yet

### Response:
The following are conjunctions: and, but, or, yet
The following are prepositions: between, for, in, of, on, under


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### Instruction:
name some popular songs from the 1970's

### Response:
Stayin' Alive, Y.M.C.A, Let's Get it On, I'll be there and Let it be


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### Instruction:
Please extract the names of the 1990s films Adam Sandler was in separating them with commas.

### Input:
In 1993, Adam Sandler appeared in the film Coneheads with Farley, David Spade, Dan Aykroyd, Phil Hartman, and Jane Curtin. In 1994, he co-starred in Airheads with Brendan Fraser and Steve Buscemi.

Sandler starred in Billy Madison (1995) playing a grown man repeating grades 1–12 to earn back his father's respect and the right to inherit his father's multimillion-dollar hotel empire.

### Response:
The 1990s films Adam Sandler was in include: Coneheads, Airheads, Billy Madison, Bulletproof, Happy Gilmore, The Wedding Singer, The Waterboy.


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### Instruction:
Classify the cities as cities from 'India' or the 'US': Bangalore, Portland, Chicago, Hyderabad, Chennai, Little Rock, NYC, Pune, Gandhinagar, Champaign, Urbana.

### Response:
The classification in order is: India, US, US, India, India, US, US, India, India, US, US.


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### Instruction:
What is the difference between men's and women's lacrosse

### Response:
Men's lacrosse is a contact sport and the players wear helmets, shoulder pads, chest protection and elbow pads.  They also have a position of defense called Long Pole where they can defend from far away.  Women's lacrosse does not allow contact between players and the only required equipment is a mouth guard and goggles.  Women's lacrosse relies on the shooting space rule to protect players from potential injury instead of requiring them to wear additional equipment. Another difference is the field dimensions. The women’s field is 120 yards long and 70 yards wide, compared to the men’s field, which is slightly smaller at 110 yards long and 60 yards wide.  Lastly, men play with 9 field players whereas women play with 11.


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### Instruction:
Classify each of the following as either a state or a city: Los Angeles, California, Houston, Texas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Little Rock, Arkansas

### Response:
Los Angeles is a city California.
California is a state in the United States of America.
Houston is a city in Texas.
Texas is a state in the United States of America.
Santa Fe is a city in New Mexico.
New Mexico is a state in the United States of America.
Little Rock is a state in Arkansas.
Arkansas is a state in the United States of America.


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### Instruction:
What is family time?

### Response:
Family during is time where each person in the family is actively engaged in the same activity together.  Family activities like watching a movie together, eating a meal together, going to the circus together, exercising together, or going for a walk is all good family time.  During family time you can share what has been going on in your own life and learn about the other members of your family.  Family time is important to strengthen the bonds you all have with one another.


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### Instruction:
When did the Portuguese royal family move to Brazil?

### Response:
The Portuguese royal family, along with its court, servants and a library with more than 60,000 books, settled in Brazil between 1808 and 1821, having the first wave of migration starting on November 29th of 1807.


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### Instruction:
Classify the following into countries and cities:India, Mumbai, USA, Seattle, Germany, Berlin, United Kingdom, Australia, Tokyo, Sao Paulo

### Response:
The following are countries - India, USA, Germany, United Kingdom, Australia
The following are cities - Mumbai, Seattle, Berlin, Tokyo, Sao Paulo


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### Instruction:
What is the best way to build relationships?

### Response:
The best way to build relationships is to show people your most true authentic self.  Communicate clearly and honestly with integrity.  Show that you care for those people that you have strong relationships with by listening to them, giving honest opinions, and sharing your experiences openly with them.


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### Instruction:
Extract the names of the groups of islands located on the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma.

### Input:
These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo.

### Response:
Eastern Group, Central Group, Western Group


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### Instruction:
I want to take a skiing vacation.  Which of the following countries would be suitable for doing this: Switzerland, Cyprus, Kiribati, the United States, Haiti.

### Response:
Switzerland and the United States are suitable as skiing destinations.  Both countries have mountainous areas with world-renowned ski resorts.  The United States boasts skiing locations in multiple states, including Colorado, California, and Utah.  Switzerland also has some of the most popular ski locations in the world such as Davos.  Cyprus, Kiribati, and Haiti are not suitable skiing destinations, as none of these countries has high mountains that produce enough snow to ski.


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### Instruction:
Think up ways to clean a keyboard.

### Response:
Some ways to clean a keyboard: use a compressed air can to blow out dust, manually take off each key cap using a specialized key tool and wash them in soap and water, use a dusting brush that is designed for fitting in the keyboard grooves, use an antistatic dusting wipe.


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### Instruction:
Categorize the following as do's and don'ts when opening a new bank account:
research bank options
find the cheapest option
know what kinds of accounts they offer
know interest rates
understand discounts
open as many accounts as you can
talk to an advisor
go by hearsay

### Response:
Do's:
research bank options
know what kinds of accounts they offer
know interest rates
understand discounts
talk to an advisor

Dont's:
find the cheapest option
open as many accounts as you can
go by hearsay


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### Instruction:
What helped Argentina win the World Cup, considering they were not the strongest team on paper?

### Response:
Argentina in its run to the World Cup had a great track record of a continuous winning streak. It was complemented by the culture and passion for football infused in the country. The team played with a lot of passion and Lionel Messi was determined to create history.


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### Instruction:
What should you do when your rock climbing partner calls out "On Belay?"

### Response:
1. Check that their harness is properly buckled at the waist and doubled back.
2. Ensure the leg straps are properly bucked and doubled back. Check that the leg loops are not twisted.
3. Ensure a figure eight knot is tied at the end of the climbing rope, extending through both loops in the harness and has a fisherman's knot as a backup.
4. Check that your own harness is properly buckled around the waist, legs and that leg straps are not twisted.
5. Ensure the climbing rope is in your belay device, that a locking carabiner goes through both the belay device (and rope if an ATC device) and your belay loop on your harness. Ensure the carabiner is locked.
6. Ensure that you and your partner are on the same rope. Your partner should be on the side of the rope closest to the climbing wall.
7. After all safety checks are completed, then call out "On Belay!"


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### Instruction:
Did David Petrarca direct any episodes in the second season of Game of Thrones?

### Response:
Yes, David Petrarca directed two episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones: Garden of Bones and The Ghost of Harrenhal.


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### Instruction:
What are the most popular tropical travel destinations for people on the east coast of the United States?

### Response:
East Coasters enjoy visiting the Caribbean Islands for their tropical vacations. Popular countries to visit in the Caribbean include The Bahamas, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Aruba, Bermuda, and more. Additionally, East Coasters like to stay at tropical resorts in Mexico -- particularly in Cancun, Cozumel, Riviera Maya, Tulum, and more. Within the United States, the Florida Keys are a popular travel location for sunny beach days all year long.


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### Instruction:
What are the primary causes of obesity?

### Response:
The primary causes are eating significantly more calories than you burn daily, lack of exercise/movement, lack of sleep and increased stress, your genetic makeup.


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### Instruction:
Give me a bulleted list with 5 reasons why is Lyft's stock is underperforming Uber's.

### Response:
The following are 5 reasons Lyft's stock is underperforming Uber's:
1. Lyft is losing marketshare to Uber across all markets
2. Lyft has a bloated cost structure with very high stock based compensation costs
3. Lyft rides cost more than Uber's on average
4. Drivers make less on Lyft than Uber
5. Lyft hasn't launched a new product in multiple years