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null |
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Herrera's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
|
[
"The snoring is loud.",
"The snoring occurs in bursts."
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Interpret figures of speech
|
Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.
|
The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
As quiet as a jackhammer suggests that the snoring is loud. A jackhammer is not quiet, and neither is Mr. Herrera's snoring.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Herrera's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
Options: (A) The snoring is loud. (B) The snoring occurs in bursts.
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
According to Mr. Herrera's kids, his snoring is as quiet as a jackhammer.
Options: (A) The snoring is loud. (B) The snoring occurs in bursts.
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Is this a sentence fragment?
During the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock from the mountain to create the monument.
|
[
"no",
"yes"
] |
B
|
yes or no
|
grade12
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
|
Identify sentence fragments
|
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.
A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.
Rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.
This fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.
The band I'm in.
This fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.
Because we have a concert in two weeks.
This fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.
|
This is a sentence fragment. It does not express a complete thought.
During the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock from the mountain to create the monument.
Here is one way to fix the sentence fragment:
During the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock were removed from the mountain to create the monument.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Is this a sentence fragment?
During the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock from the mountain to create the monument.
Options: (A) no (B) yes
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Is this a sentence fragment?
During the construction of Mount Rushmore, approximately eight hundred million pounds of rock from the mountain to create the monument.
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which correctly shows the title of a play?
|
[
"A breath of Fresh Air",
"A Breath of Fresh Air"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
language science
|
capitalization
|
Formatting
|
Capitalizing titles
|
In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or
|
Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word of is not important, so it should not be capitalized.
The correct title is A Breath of Fresh Air.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a play?
Options: (A) A breath of Fresh Air (B) A Breath of Fresh Air
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a play?
Options: (A) A breath of Fresh Air (B) A Breath of Fresh Air
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Based on this information, what is Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait?
|
[
"not having horns",
"having horns"
] |
A
|
In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H).
Daffodil is a cow from this group. Daffodil has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene.
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive
|
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.
|
Daffodil's genotype for the horns gene is HH. Daffodil's genotype of HH has only H allelles. The H allele is for not having horns. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.
To check this answer, consider whether Daffodil's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H). This means H is a dominant allele, and h is a recessive allele.
Daffodil's genotype of HH has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait must be not having horns.
|
Context: In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H).
Daffodil is a cow from this group. Daffodil has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait?
Options: (A) not having horns (B) having horns
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele for having horns (h) is recessive to the allele for not having horns (H).
Daffodil is a cow from this group. Daffodil has the homozygous genotype HH for the horns gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Daffodil's phenotype for the horns trait?
Options: (A) not having horns (B) having horns
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
A light spattering of raindrops fell upon the stadium, () the fans' cheeks.
|
[
"landing on",
"kissing"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade10
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Creative techniques
|
Use personification
|
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.
The trees danced in the wind.
The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.
|
Complete the sentence with the word kissing. It describes the raindrops as if they were people showing affection.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
A light spattering of raindrops fell upon the stadium, () the fans' cheeks.
Options: (A) landing on (B) kissing
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
A light spattering of raindrops fell upon the stadium, () the fans' cheeks.
Options: (A) landing on (B) kissing
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Complete the sentences.
Earthquakes start () Earth's surface. During an earthquake, ().
|
[
"above . . . the ground shakes",
"above . . . the ground gets colder",
"below . . . the ground shakes",
"below . . . the ground gets colder"
] |
C
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
literacy-in-science
|
Earth events
|
Changes to Earth's surface: earthquakes
|
When an earthquake happens, the ground shakes. The word earthquake comes from the words earth and quake. The word earth means ground, and the word quake means to shake.
All earthquakes start below Earth's surface.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentences.
Earthquakes start () Earth's surface. During an earthquake, ().
Options: (A) above . . . the ground shakes (B) above . . . the ground gets colder (C) below . . . the ground shakes (D) below . . . the ground gets colder
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentences.
Earthquakes start () Earth's surface. During an earthquake, ().
Options: (A) above . . . the ground shakes (B) above . . . the ground gets colder (C) below . . . the ground shakes (D) below . . . the ground gets colder
Answer: The answer is C.
|
|||
null |
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Ariel gazed at the ancient pug that seemed to sleep all day and noted, "You're an energetic puppy!"
|
[
"idiom",
"verbal irony"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Classify figures of speech
|
Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake.
A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.
The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.
The trees danced in the wind.
A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.
A great new broom is sweeping the nation.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.
|
The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
An energetic puppy shows verbal irony because an old, exhausted dog is far from an energetic puppy.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Ariel gazed at the ancient pug that seemed to sleep all day and noted, "You're an energetic puppy!"
Options: (A) idiom (B) verbal irony
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Ariel gazed at the ancient pug that seemed to sleep all day and noted, "You're an energetic puppy!"
Options: (A) idiom (B) verbal irony
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Michael dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.
|
[
"the Bible",
"British history"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Recall the source of an allusion
|
An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.
|
The source of the allusion prodigal son is the Bible.
In a Biblical parable, the prodigal son irresponsibly spends the inheritance given to him by his father. When he returns home, he expects to be shamed, but his father forgives him.
The allusion prodigal son means a person who behaves recklessly but later makes a repentant return.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Michael dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.
Options: (A) the Bible (B) British history
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Michael dropped out of college to travel the world, but a year later, the prodigal son returned home and re-enrolled.
Options: (A) the Bible (B) British history
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
What is the volume of a car's gas tank?
|
[
"40 milliliters",
"40 liters"
] |
B
|
Select the better estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of volume
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.
There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.
A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.
|
The better estimate for the volume of a car's gas tank is 40 liters.
40 milliliters is too little.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a car's gas tank?
Options: (A) 40 milliliters (B) 40 liters
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a car's gas tank?
Options: (A) 40 milliliters (B) 40 liters
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
What information supports the conclusion that Austen acquired this trait?
|
[
"Austen can cook food over a fire.",
"Austen learned how to build a fire at summer camp."
] |
B
|
Read the description of a trait.
Austen knows how to build a fire.
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Austen knows how to build a fire.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Austen acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Austen can cook food over a fire. (B) Austen learned how to build a fire at summer camp.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Austen knows how to build a fire.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Austen acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Austen can cook food over a fire. (B) Austen learned how to build a fire at summer camp.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which of the following is true about seeds?
|
[
"Seeds come in many shapes. But all seeds are black.",
"Seeds can come in many shapes and colors.",
"Seeds come in many colors. But all seeds are round."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Plants
|
Describe and construct flowering plant life cycles
|
Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?
First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower.
After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.
|
Seeds can be big or small. This coconut seed is big.
Seeds can be many different shapes. These maple seeds are long and flat.
Seeds can be many different colors. These mustard seeds are yellow.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following is true about seeds?
Options: (A) Seeds come in many shapes. But all seeds are black. (B) Seeds can come in many shapes and colors. (C) Seeds come in many colors. But all seeds are round.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following is true about seeds?
Options: (A) Seeds come in many shapes. But all seeds are black. (B) Seeds can come in many shapes and colors. (C) Seeds come in many colors. But all seeds are round.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?
|
[
"41°C",
"41°F"
] |
B
|
Select the better estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Estimate temperatures
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Temperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). Use the list below to compare the two units.
212°F | Water boils | 100°C
98.6°F | Body temperature | 37°C
68°F | Room temperature | 20°C
32°F | Water freezes | 0°C
|
The better estimate for the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day is 41°F.
41°C is too hot.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?
Options: (A) 41°C (B) 41°F
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the temperature of the air on a cold, rainy day?
Options: (A) 41°C (B) 41°F
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a ship that moved 555kilometers west in 10hours",
"a ship that moved 95kilometers south in 10hours",
"a ship that moved 460kilometers south in 10hours"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Force and motion
|
Compare the speeds of moving objects
|
An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.
|
Look at the distance each ship moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each ship moved does not affect its speed.
Notice that each ship moved for 10 hours. The ship that moved 95 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that ship must have moved at the lowest speed.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a ship that moved 555kilometers west in 10hours (B) a ship that moved 95kilometers south in 10hours (C) a ship that moved 460kilometers south in 10hours
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three ships. Which ship was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a ship that moved 555kilometers west in 10hours (B) a ship that moved 95kilometers south in 10hours (C) a ship that moved 460kilometers south in 10hours
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Based on this information, what is Sasha's phenotype for the fur length trait?
|
[
"Ff",
"short fur"
] |
B
|
In a group of dogs, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele F is for short fur, and the allele f is for long fur.
Sasha, a dog from this group, has short fur. Sasha has one allele for short fur and one allele for long fur.
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype
|
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
|
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Sasha's observable version of the fur length trait is short fur. So, Sasha's phenotype for the fur length trait is short fur.
|
Context: In a group of dogs, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele F is for short fur, and the allele f is for long fur.
Sasha, a dog from this group, has short fur. Sasha has one allele for short fur and one allele for long fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Sasha's phenotype for the fur length trait?
Options: (A) Ff (B) short fur
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: In a group of dogs, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele F is for short fur, and the allele f is for long fur.
Sasha, a dog from this group, has short fur. Sasha has one allele for short fur and one allele for long fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Sasha's phenotype for the fur length trait?
Options: (A) Ff (B) short fur
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Which is a compound sentence?
|
[
"Those carpenters use wood to build stairways and doorframes.",
"Our dog Rusty had rolled around in the mud, so we gave him a bath."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
language science
|
grammar
|
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
|
Is the sentence simple or compound?
|
A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.
The pitcher threw the ball to first base.
A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.
Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.
Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.
This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.
The singers bowed and walked off the stage.
This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.
This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.
|
The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.
Our dog Rusty had rolled around in the mud, so we gave him a bath.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) Those carpenters use wood to build stairways and doorframes. (B) Our dog Rusty had rolled around in the mud, so we gave him a bath.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) Those carpenters use wood to build stairways and doorframes. (B) Our dog Rusty had rolled around in the mud, so we gave him a bath.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
The shopper lifts each bag at the same speed. Which bag is lifted with a larger force?
|
[
"a bag holding 4 pounds of food",
"a bag holding 5 pounds of food"
] |
B
|
A shopper is buying food at the store. He fills two shopping bags. The shopping bags are the same size and shape.
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Force and motion
|
How do mass and force affect motion?
|
A force is a push or a pull.
A force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.
Forces can be different sizes.
Think about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.
|
Look for the shopping bag that is heavier.
A shopping bag holding 5 pounds of food is heavier than a shopping bag holding 4 pounds of food. So, the bag holding 5 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other bag.
|
Context: A shopper is buying food at the store. He fills two shopping bags. The shopping bags are the same size and shape.
Question: The shopper lifts each bag at the same speed. Which bag is lifted with a larger force?
Options: (A) a bag holding 4 pounds of food (B) a bag holding 5 pounds of food
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: A shopper is buying food at the store. He fills two shopping bags. The shopping bags are the same size and shape.
Question: The shopper lifts each bag at the same speed. Which bag is lifted with a larger force?
Options: (A) a bag holding 4 pounds of food (B) a bag holding 5 pounds of food
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
What information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?
|
[
"Rosa's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.",
"Rosa's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Rosa."
] |
B
|
Read the description of a trait.
Rosa has brown eyes.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Traits and heredity
|
Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Rosa has brown eyes.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Rosa's hair is the same color as her brown eyes. (B) Rosa's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Rosa.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Rosa has brown eyes.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Rosa's hair is the same color as her brown eyes. (B) Rosa's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Rosa.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Did you really vote for Richard as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?
|
[
"circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself",
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Developing and supporting arguments
|
Classify logical fallacies
|
A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
|
The text argues that Richard can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Richard can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Did you really vote for Richard as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?
Options: (A) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (B) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Did you really vote for Richard as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?
Options: (A) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (B) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Complete the sentence.
Salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
chemistry
|
Chemical reactions
|
Compare physical and chemical changes
|
Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Burning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
|
Salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a chemical change. The salt and vinegar change the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. This makes the penny look shiny again.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence.
Salt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a ().
Options: (A) physical change (B) chemical change
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Would you find the word import on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
ill - industry
|
[
"no",
"yes"
] |
B
|
yes or no
|
grade5
|
language science
|
reference-skills
|
Reference skills
|
Use guide words
|
Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.
|
Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since import is between the guide words ill - industry, it would be found on that page.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word import on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
ill - industry
Options: (A) no (B) yes
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word import on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
ill - industry
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What does the allusion in this text suggest?
Tyler seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.
|
[
"Tyler is successful at all that he does.",
"Tyler has a hands-on approach to his work."
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Interpret figures of speech
|
Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
|
The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.
The allusion the Midas touch suggests that Tyler is successful at all that he does. In Greek mythology, King Midas has the power to turn anything he touches into gold, easily creating value from nothing.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What does the allusion in this text suggest?
Tyler seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.
Options: (A) Tyler is successful at all that he does. (B) Tyler has a hands-on approach to his work.
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What does the allusion in this text suggest?
Tyler seems to have the Midas touch. Without any special experience or training, he launched a thriving business and then established a well-respected charity.
Options: (A) Tyler is successful at all that he does. (B) Tyler has a hands-on approach to his work.
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which is a complex sentence?
|
[
"According to many scholars, the 1798 publication of Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth began the romantic period in English literature.",
"Although presidential elections take place in early November, a president's term does not begin until the end of January."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
language science
|
grammar
|
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
|
Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?
|
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.
|
The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction although.
Although presidential elections take place in early November, a president's term does not begin until the end of January.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) According to many scholars, the 1798 publication of Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth began the romantic period in English literature. (B) Although presidential elections take place in early November, a president's term does not begin until the end of January.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) According to many scholars, the 1798 publication of Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth began the romantic period in English literature. (B) Although presidential elections take place in early November, a president's term does not begin until the end of January.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which word does not rhyme?
|
[
"slide",
"ride",
"made"
] |
C
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
language science
|
phonological-awareness
|
Rhyming
|
Which word does not rhyme?
|
Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.
The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.
The words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.
The words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.
|
The words slide and ride rhyme. They both end with the ide sound.
The word made does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) slide (B) ride (C) made
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which word does not rhyme?
Options: (A) slide (B) ride (C) made
Answer: The answer is C.
|
||
null |
Which greeting is correct for a letter?
|
[
"Dear Grandpa Tim,",
"Dear grandpa Tim,"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
language science
|
punctuation
|
Formatting
|
Greetings and closings of letters
|
A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory
|
The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandpa Tim is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Grandpa Tim, (B) Dear grandpa Tim,
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear Grandpa Tim, (B) Dear grandpa Tim,
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
What information supports the conclusion that Alec acquired this trait?
|
[
"Alec knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.",
"Alec learned how to knit in an after school program."
] |
B
|
Read the description of a trait.
Alec knows how to knit sweaters.
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Heredity
|
Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Alec knows how to knit sweaters.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Alec acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Alec knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn. (B) Alec learned how to knit in an after school program.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Alec knows how to knit sweaters.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Alec acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Alec knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn. (B) Alec learned how to knit in an after school program.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park," Noah remarked.
|
[
"Noah wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities.",
"Noah was upset about staying home."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade10
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Interpret figures of speech
|
Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.
|
The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.
Good luck ironically suggests that Noah was upset about staying home. Noah was actually unlucky because he couldn't join his friends at the water park.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park," Noah remarked.
Options: (A) Noah wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities. (B) Noah was upset about staying home.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What does the verbal irony in this text suggest?
"It was my good luck to have to study for a test while all my friends went to the water park," Noah remarked.
Options: (A) Noah wanted time to catch up on his responsibilities. (B) Noah was upset about staying home.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What do these two changes have in common?
cooking a pancake
rust forming on a bicycle frame
|
[
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] |
D
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
chemistry
|
Physical and chemical change
|
Compare physical and chemical changes
|
Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.
|
Step 1: Think about each change.
Cooking a pancake is a chemical change. Pancakes are made from pancake batter. A cooked pancake is a different type of matter than pancake batter. Pancake batter is wet and slippery. Cooked pancakes are fluffy and can be good to eat!
Rust forming on a bicycle frame is a chemical change. Oxygen in the air reacts with iron in the bicycle frame. The outside of the frame turns into a different type of matter called rust. Rust is reddish-brown and falls apart easily.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.
Both are caused by heating.
Cooking is caused by heating. But rust forming on a bicycle frame is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
cooking a pancake
rust forming on a bicycle frame
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.
|
Answer: The answer is D.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
cooking a pancake
rust forming on a bicycle frame
Options: (A) Both are caused by heating. (B) Both are caused by cooling. (C) Both are only physical changes. (D) Both are chemical changes.
Answer: The answer is D.
|
||
null |
Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
|
[
"Burmese pythons hatch from eggs with shells. They can grow to over 12 feet long! Their scaly, waterproof skin is brown and black.",
"Peregrine falcons are the fastest animals in the world! They use their wings to fly quickly and hunt prey. Peregrine falcons also have a beak and feathers. They hatch from eggs with speckled or spotted shells."
] |
B
|
Birds are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify birds:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Use evidence to classify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians
|
Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.
How do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.
|
To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.
Birds have the following traits:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells.
Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.
A Burmese python has the following traits:
It has scaly, waterproof skin.
It makes eggs with shells.
A Burmese python does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Burmese python is a reptile.
A peregrine falcon has the following traits:
It has feathers.
It has wings.
It has a beak.
It makes eggs with shells.
A peregrine falcon has the traits of a bird. A peregrine falcon is a bird.
|
Context: Birds are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify birds:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
Question: Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
Options: (A) Burmese pythons hatch from eggs with shells. They can grow to over 12 feet long! Their scaly, waterproof skin is brown and black. (B) Peregrine falcons are the fastest animals in the world! They use their wings to fly quickly and hunt prey. Peregrine falcons also have a beak and feathers. They hatch from eggs with speckled or spotted shells.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Birds are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify birds:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
Question: Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
Options: (A) Burmese pythons hatch from eggs with shells. They can grow to over 12 feet long! Their scaly, waterproof skin is brown and black. (B) Peregrine falcons are the fastest animals in the world! They use their wings to fly quickly and hunt prey. Peregrine falcons also have a beak and feathers. They hatch from eggs with speckled or spotted shells.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
It got down to 3°C in Athens, Greece, last night!
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] |
A
|
Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
earth-science
|
Weather and climate
|
What's the difference between weather and climate?
|
The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.
|
Read the text carefully.
It got down to 3°C in Athens, Greece, last night!
This passage tells you about the temperature in Athens last night. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
|
Context: Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
It got down to 3°C in Athens, Greece, last night!
Options: (A) weather (B) climate
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
It got down to 3°C in Athens, Greece, last night!
Options: (A) weather (B) climate
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?
|
[
"compare-contrast",
"problem-solution"
] |
B
|
Read the text.
In the 1970s, architect I. M. Pei took on the difficult assignment of renovating and updating the beautiful Louvre Palace in Paris without overpowering the original building. The art museum in the centuries-old Louvre displayed Leonardo DaVinci's Mona Lisa and other famous works, but the building's layout was so confusing that tourists couldn't find the entrances. It also needed more restrooms and a bigger cafeteria. Pei designed a large central underground entrance and visitor center. He then added a glass pyramid above the entryway. Although Pei's design faced initial criticism, today the pyramid is considered a brilliant success—a landmark that complements the old palace without interfering with it.
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Text structure
|
Identify text structures
|
Authors use different text structures to organize their ideas in writing. Learning to identify these structures will help you to understand the relationships between ideas in informational texts. You can also use these structures to organize your own writing.
A cause-effect structure presents the causes and the effects of a particular event, trend, or situation. This structure often uses words and phrases such as because, since, as a result, due to, or consequently.
A compare-contrast structure presents similarities (comparisons) and differences (contrasts) between two or more things. This structure often uses words and phrases such as like, similarly, or in the same way (for comparing) or on the other hand, in contrast, or unlike (for contrasting).
A problem-solution structure presents a problem and suggests one or more possible solutions. This structure often uses words such as issue, question, puzzle, propose, and answer.
A sequential structure describes a series of events that happens in a certain order. This structure often uses specific dates and times or words such as first, next, during, finally, and while.
|
The text uses a problem-solution structure to show how architect I.M. Pei modernized the Louvre with an entrance that complemented the existing building. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a problem-solution structure. Notice the phrases difficult assignment and brilliant success.
|
Context: Read the text.
In the 1970s, architect I. M. Pei took on the difficult assignment of renovating and updating the beautiful Louvre Palace in Paris without overpowering the original building. The art museum in the centuries-old Louvre displayed Leonardo DaVinci's Mona Lisa and other famous works, but the building's layout was so confusing that tourists couldn't find the entrances. It also needed more restrooms and a bigger cafeteria. Pei designed a large central underground entrance and visitor center. He then added a glass pyramid above the entryway. Although Pei's design faced initial criticism, today the pyramid is considered a brilliant success—a landmark that complements the old palace without interfering with it.
Question: Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?
Options: (A) compare-contrast (B) problem-solution
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Read the text.
In the 1970s, architect I. M. Pei took on the difficult assignment of renovating and updating the beautiful Louvre Palace in Paris without overpowering the original building. The art museum in the centuries-old Louvre displayed Leonardo DaVinci's Mona Lisa and other famous works, but the building's layout was so confusing that tourists couldn't find the entrances. It also needed more restrooms and a bigger cafeteria. Pei designed a large central underground entrance and visitor center. He then added a glass pyramid above the entryway. Although Pei's design faced initial criticism, today the pyramid is considered a brilliant success—a landmark that complements the old palace without interfering with it.
Question: Which organizational structure does this text primarily use?
Options: (A) compare-contrast (B) problem-solution
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Don't ever get a ride from Mariana. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.
|
[
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something",
"circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Developing and supporting arguments
|
Classify logical fallacies
|
A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
|
The text argues that Mariana must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Mariana's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Mariana is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Don't ever get a ride from Mariana. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.
Options: (A) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Don't ever get a ride from Mariana. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.
Options: (A) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which greeting is correct for a letter?
|
[
"Dear dr. hoffman,",
"Dear Dr. Hoffman,"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
language science
|
punctuation
|
Formatting
|
Greetings and closings of letters
|
A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory
|
The second greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Dr. Hoffman is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear dr. hoffman, (B) Dear Dr. Hoffman,
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
Options: (A) Dear dr. hoffman, (B) Dear Dr. Hoffman,
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Based on this information, what is Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait?
|
[
"short fur",
"long fur"
] |
A
|
In a group of cats, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f).
Chanel is a cat from this group. Chanel has the homozygous genotype FF for the fur length gene.
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive
|
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene.
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene.
An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene.
The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers.
A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.
|
Chanel's genotype for the fur length gene is FF. Chanel's genotype of FF has only F allelles. The F allele is for short fur. So, Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait must be short fur.
To check this answer, consider whether Chanel's alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f). This means F is a dominant allele, and f is a recessive allele.
Chanel's genotype of FF has two dominant alleles. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait must be short fur.
|
Context: In a group of cats, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f).
Chanel is a cat from this group. Chanel has the homozygous genotype FF for the fur length gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait?
Options: (A) short fur (B) long fur
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: In a group of cats, some individuals have short fur and others have long fur. In this group, the gene for the fur length trait has two alleles. The allele for short fur (F) is dominant over the allele for long fur (f).
Chanel is a cat from this group. Chanel has the homozygous genotype FF for the fur length gene.
Question: Based on this information, what is Chanel's phenotype for the fur length trait?
Options: (A) short fur (B) long fur
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
What information supports the conclusion that Lee acquired this trait?
|
[
"Lee is most interested in human biology.",
"Lee learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting."
] |
B
|
Read the description of a trait.
Lee knows a lot about biology.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Traits and heredity
|
Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Lee knows a lot about biology.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Lee acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Lee is most interested in human biology. (B) Lee learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Lee knows a lot about biology.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Lee acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Lee is most interested in human biology. (B) Lee learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which organ coordinates muscle movement?
|
[
"lungs",
"heart",
"skeleton",
"brain"
] |
D
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Animals
|
Human organs and their functions
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which organ coordinates muscle movement?
Options: (A) lungs (B) heart (C) skeleton (D) brain
|
Answer: The answer is D.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which organ coordinates muscle movement?
Options: (A) lungs (B) heart (C) skeleton (D) brain
Answer: The answer is D.
|
||||
null |
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"black widow spider",
"bull ant",
"Yangtze alligator",
"atlas moth"
] |
C
|
Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Identify vertebrates and invertebrates
|
Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.
|
A bull ant is an insect. Like other insects, a bull ant is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A Yangtze alligator is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a Yangtze alligator is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
An atlas moth is an insect. Like other insects, an atlas moth is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
Like other spiders, a black widow spider is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
|
Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) black widow spider (B) bull ant (C) Yangtze alligator (D) atlas moth
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) black widow spider (B) bull ant (C) Yangtze alligator (D) atlas moth
Answer: The answer is C.
|
|
null |
Which object has the least thermal energy?
|
[
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 28°C",
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 22°C",
"a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 41°C"
] |
B
|
The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Heat and thermal energy
|
How is temperature related to thermal energy?
|
All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.
|
All three bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 22°C bowl of oatmeal is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.
|
Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the least thermal energy?
Options: (A) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 28°C (B) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 22°C (C) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 41°C
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.
Question: Which object has the least thermal energy?
Options: (A) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 28°C (B) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 22°C (C) a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 41°C
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
What is the mass of a can of soup?
|
[
"12 ounces",
"12 tons",
"12 pounds"
] |
A
|
Select the best estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose customary units of mass
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.
|
The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 12 ounces.
12 pounds and 12 tons are both too heavy.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a can of soup?
Options: (A) 12 ounces (B) 12 tons (C) 12 pounds
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a can of soup?
Options: (A) 12 ounces (B) 12 tons (C) 12 pounds
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Which figure of speech is used in this text?
The grave's a fine and private place,
But none, I think, do there embrace.
—Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"
|
[
"understatement",
"paradox"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade11
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Classify the figure of speech: review
|
Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.
We are united. We are powerful. We are winners.
Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.
I want to help, not to hurt.
Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.
Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?
Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.
Try to light the fire.
Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.
Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected.
Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.
As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.
|
The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.
None, I think, do there embrace is an understatement, since people who have died obviously can't do anything at all.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
The grave's a fine and private place,
But none, I think, do there embrace.
—Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"
Options: (A) understatement (B) paradox
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
The grave's a fine and private place,
But none, I think, do there embrace.
—Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"
Options: (A) understatement (B) paradox
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which is the most flexible?
|
[
"burlap sack",
"wax crayons",
"concrete steps"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Materials
|
Compare properties of materials
|
Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.
For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.
|
Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the burlap sack is the most flexible. If you twist burlap fabric, it will not break.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is the most flexible?
Options: (A) burlap sack (B) wax crayons (C) concrete steps
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is the most flexible?
Options: (A) burlap sack (B) wax crayons (C) concrete steps
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Easter is an important holiday in which religion?
|
[
"Hinduism",
"Christianity",
"Islam",
"Judaism"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
social science
|
culture
|
Cultural celebrations
|
Easter
|
Easter is an important holiday in Christianity. People who practice Christianity are called Christians.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Easter is an important holiday in which religion?
Options: (A) Hinduism (B) Christianity (C) Islam (D) Judaism
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Easter is an important holiday in which religion?
Options: (A) Hinduism (B) Christianity (C) Islam (D) Judaism
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|||
null |
What kind of sentence is this?
Why is your position on sales tax so different from your stance toward related issues?
|
[
"interrogative",
"imperative",
"declarative"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade9
|
language science
|
punctuation
|
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
|
Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
|
There are four kinds of sentences.
A declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.
The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.
An imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.
For this assignment, use references to support your claims.
Don't drive so quickly in the construction zone!
An interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.
Given the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?
An exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.
I can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!
|
The sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Why is your position on sales tax so different from your stance toward related issues?
Options: (A) interrogative (B) imperative (C) declarative
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Why is your position on sales tax so different from your stance toward related issues?
Options: (A) interrogative (B) imperative (C) declarative
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which text uses the word can in its traditional sense?
|
[
"As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, \"Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?\"",
"As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, \"You can borrow my camera if you want.\""
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade9
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Word usage and nuance
|
Explore words with new or contested usages
|
Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.
When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.
Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.
The traditional usage above is considered more standard.
David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.
The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.
|
The first text uses can in its traditional sense: to have the ability to.
As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, "Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?"
The second text uses can in its nontraditional sense: to have permission to.
As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, "You can borrow my camera if you want."
Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word can because it is considered more standard.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word can in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, "Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?" (B) As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, "You can borrow my camera if you want."
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word can in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) As they observed the animals on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, "Did you know that cheetahs can run as fast as seventy-five miles per hour?" (B) As they observed the cheetahs on the open grassland, the wildlife photographer said to Kevin, "You can borrow my camera if you want."
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
The stars () as we gazed up in wonder.
|
[
"glowed",
"winked"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade10
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Creative techniques
|
Use personification
|
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.
The trees danced in the wind.
The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.
|
Complete the sentence with the word winked. It describes the stars as if they were people looking down and noticing us.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
The stars () as we gazed up in wonder.
Options: (A) glowed (B) winked
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
The stars () as we gazed up in wonder.
Options: (A) glowed (B) winked
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
pile - push
|
[
"pecan",
"pot"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
language science
|
reference-skills
|
Reference skills
|
Use guide words
|
Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.
|
Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since pot is between the guide words pile - push, it would be found on that page.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
pile - push
Options: (A) pecan (B) pot
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
pile - push
Options: (A) pecan (B) pot
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which change best matches the sentence?
An area becomes less wet and less green after years with no rain.
|
[
"drought",
"erosion",
"landslide"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
earth-science
|
Earth events
|
Classify changes to Earth's surface II
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which change best matches the sentence?
An area becomes less wet and less green after years with no rain.
Options: (A) drought (B) erosion (C) landslide
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which change best matches the sentence?
An area becomes less wet and less green after years with no rain.
Options: (A) drought (B) erosion (C) landslide
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||||
null |
Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?
|
[
"Patrick is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind.",
"The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested—restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews—but Patrick still finds it useful for finding new places to eat."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade12
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Word usage and nuance
|
Explore words with new or contested usages
|
Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.
When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.
Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.
The traditional usage above is considered more standard.
David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.
The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.
|
The first text uses disinterested in its traditional sense: unbiased or impartial.
The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested—restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews—but Patrick still finds it useful for finding new places to eat.
The second text uses disinterested in its nontraditional sense: uninterested or indifferent.
Patrick is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind.
Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word disinterested because it is considered more standard.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Patrick is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind. (B) The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested—restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews—but Patrick still finds it useful for finding new places to eat.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word disinterested in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) Patrick is disinterested in reading page after page of restaurant reviews on the Internet; he prefers to try out new restaurants for himself and make up his own mind. (B) The restaurant reviews on this website are not exactly disinterested—restaurants can pay to remove unflattering reviews—but Patrick still finds it useful for finding new places to eat.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which change better matches the sentence?
Water builds up in a city after heavy rain.
|
[
"drought",
"flood"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
natural science
|
earth-science
|
Earth events
|
Classify changes to Earth's surface
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which change better matches the sentence?
Water builds up in a city after heavy rain.
Options: (A) drought (B) flood
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which change better matches the sentence?
Water builds up in a city after heavy rain.
Options: (A) drought (B) flood
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||||
null |
Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
I don't trust Professor Chang's findings. Another researcher at her university was caught falsifying data. So, it's likely Professor Chang has, too.
|
[
"straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against",
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something",
"bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade10
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Developing and supporting arguments
|
Classify logical fallacies
|
A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations
slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
|
The text argues that Professor Chang's research is untrustworthy because someone else at her university was caught falsifying data. However, this isn't necessarily true. The practices of one researcher at a university do not necessarily reflect the practices of another researcher at the same university. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
I don't trust Professor Chang's findings. Another researcher at her university was caught falsifying data. So, it's likely Professor Chang has, too.
Options: (A) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against (B) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (C) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
I don't trust Professor Chang's findings. Another researcher at her university was caught falsifying data. So, it's likely Professor Chang has, too.
Options: (A) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against (B) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something (C) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Sappy love songs are Kryptonite to my otherwise stoic father.
|
[
"U.S. history",
"a comic"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade9
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Recall the source of an allusion
|
An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.
|
The source of the allusion Kryptonite is a comic.
Kryptonite, matter from Superman's home planet, is the only thing that can reduce the superhero's strength.
The allusion Kryptonite means a source of weakness.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Sappy love songs are Kryptonite to my otherwise stoic father.
Options: (A) U.S. history (B) a comic
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Sappy love songs are Kryptonite to my otherwise stoic father.
Options: (A) U.S. history (B) a comic
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
|
[
"105°F",
"95°F",
"70°F"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Weather and climate
|
Read a thermometer
|
A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is °.
Some thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.
This is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid.
There is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80°F.
|
Find the top of the red liquid.
Now look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 90 and 100. So, the temperature is 95°F.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
Options: (A) 105°F (B) 95°F (C) 70°F
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
Options: (A) 105°F (B) 95°F (C) 70°F
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which is a complex sentence?
|
[
"Despite their large size, grizzly bears can run at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour.",
"In the early morning, I drank tea by a spice stall as the Turkish bazaar came to life."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
language science
|
grammar
|
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
|
Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?
|
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.
|
The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.
In the early morning, I drank tea by a spice stall as the Turkish bazaar came to life.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) Despite their large size, grizzly bears can run at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour. (B) In the early morning, I drank tea by a spice stall as the Turkish bazaar came to life.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a complex sentence?
Options: (A) Despite their large size, grizzly bears can run at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour. (B) In the early morning, I drank tea by a spice stall as the Turkish bazaar came to life.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which tense does the sentence use?
We will miss you very much!
|
[
"past tense",
"future tense",
"present tense"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
language science
|
verbs
|
Verb tense
|
Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
|
Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go
|
The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, miss. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
We will miss you very much!
Options: (A) past tense (B) future tense (C) present tense
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
We will miss you very much!
Options: (A) past tense (B) future tense (C) present tense
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"pipevine swallowtail butterfly",
"ladybug",
"great blue heron",
"crown jellyfish"
] |
C
|
Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Identify vertebrates and invertebrates
|
Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.
|
A ladybug is an insect. Like other insects, a ladybug is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A great blue heron is a bird. Like other birds, a great blue heron is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
Like other jellyfishes, a crown jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.
A pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a pipevine swallowtail butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
|
Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) pipevine swallowtail butterfly (B) ladybug (C) great blue heron (D) crown jellyfish
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.
Question: Select the vertebrate.
Options: (A) pipevine swallowtail butterfly (B) ladybug (C) great blue heron (D) crown jellyfish
Answer: The answer is C.
|
|
null |
Based on this information, what is Jinx's genotype for the agouti fur gene?
|
[
"aa",
"not having agouti fur"
] |
A
|
This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Jinx, a cat from this group, does not have agouti fur. Jinx has two alleles for not having agouti fur.
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype
|
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
|
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Jinx has two alleles for not having agouti fur (a). So, Jinx's genotype for the agouti fur gene is aa.
|
Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Jinx, a cat from this group, does not have agouti fur. Jinx has two alleles for not having agouti fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Jinx's genotype for the agouti fur gene?
Options: (A) aa (B) not having agouti fur
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Jinx, a cat from this group, does not have agouti fur. Jinx has two alleles for not having agouti fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Jinx's genotype for the agouti fur gene?
Options: (A) aa (B) not having agouti fur
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
What is the mass of an elephant?
|
[
"6,090 kilograms",
"6,090 grams"
] |
A
|
Select the better estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of mass
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.
There are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.
A paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.
|
The better estimate for the mass of an elephant is 6,090 kilograms.
6,090 grams is too light.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of an elephant?
Options: (A) 6,090 kilograms (B) 6,090 grams
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the mass of an elephant?
Options: (A) 6,090 kilograms (B) 6,090 grams
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
What is the volume of a kiddie pool?
|
[
"275 gallons",
"275 cups",
"275 fluid ounces"
] |
A
|
Select the best estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose customary units of volume
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.
As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.
A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon.
|
The best estimate for the volume of a kiddie pool is 275 gallons.
275 fluid ounces and 275 cups are both too little.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a kiddie pool?
Options: (A) 275 gallons (B) 275 cups (C) 275 fluid ounces
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a kiddie pool?
Options: (A) 275 gallons (B) 275 cups (C) 275 fluid ounces
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Look at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?
men
|
[
"closed",
"open"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
language science
|
word-study
|
Short and long vowels
|
Is the syllable open or closed?
|
Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.
A closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.
desk: short e
kit / ten: short i / short e
An open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.
go: long o
he / ro: long e / long o
Some open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.
sky: long i
ba / by: long a / long e
|
The word men ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Look at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?
men
Options: (A) closed (B) open
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Look at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?
men
Options: (A) closed (B) open
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Based on this information, what is Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene?
|
[
"AA",
"having agouti fur"
] |
A
|
This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Oliver, a cat from this group, has agouti fur. Oliver has two alleles for having agouti fur.
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype
|
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
|
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. Oliver has two alleles for having agouti fur (A). So, Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene is AA.
|
Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Oliver, a cat from this group, has agouti fur. Oliver has two alleles for having agouti fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene?
Options: (A) AA (B) having agouti fur
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: This passage describes the agouti fur trait in cats:
In a group of cats, some individuals have agouti fur and others do not. In this group, the gene for the agouti fur trait has two alleles. The allele A is for having agouti fur, and the allele a is for not having agouti fur.
Oliver, a cat from this group, has agouti fur. Oliver has two alleles for having agouti fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Oliver's genotype for the agouti fur gene?
Options: (A) AA (B) having agouti fur
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Yesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Stanley playing against his former team captain, Richard.
|
[
"the Bible",
"a poem"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Recall the source of an allusion
|
An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.
|
The source of the allusion David and Goliath is the Bible.
In the Bible, a young man named David slays Goliath, a giant and champion warrior, using nothing more than a sling and a stone.
The allusion David and Goliath means involving unequal rivals.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Yesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Stanley playing against his former team captain, Richard.
Options: (A) the Bible (B) a poem
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Yesterday's tennis match was a classic David and Goliath story, with Stanley playing against his former team captain, Richard.
Options: (A) the Bible (B) a poem
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
What do these two changes have in common?
a piece of apple turning brown
bleaching clothes
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
natural science
|
chemistry
|
Chemical reactions
|
Compare physical and chemical changes
|
Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.
|
Step 1: Think about each change.
A piece of apple turning brown is a chemical change. The apple reacts with oxygen in the air and turns into a different type of matter.
If you scrape off the brown layer of the apple, the inside is still white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change didn't happen to that part of the apple.
Bleaching clothes is a chemical change. The bleach reacts with dark stains on the clothes. The reaction changes the stains into different types of matter that wash away easily.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.
Both are caused by heating.
Neither change is caused by heating.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
a piece of apple turning brown
bleaching clothes
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are caused by heating.
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
a piece of apple turning brown
bleaching clothes
Options: (A) Both are chemical changes. (B) Both are only physical changes. (C) Both are caused by cooling. (D) Both are caused by heating.
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Suppose Jayden decides to take a trip to Nevada. Which result would be a cost?
|
[
"Jayden will enjoy his trip to Nevada more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Connecticut.",
"Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut."
] |
B
|
Jayden is deciding whether to take a trip to Nevada or Connecticut. He wants to enjoy his trip. But he is also trying to save money.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
social science
|
economics
|
Basic economic principles
|
Costs and benefits
|
Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.
|
This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jayden wants or needs:
Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.
|
Context: Jayden is deciding whether to take a trip to Nevada or Connecticut. He wants to enjoy his trip. But he is also trying to save money.
Question: Suppose Jayden decides to take a trip to Nevada. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Jayden will enjoy his trip to Nevada more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Connecticut. (B) Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Jayden is deciding whether to take a trip to Nevada or Connecticut. He wants to enjoy his trip. But he is also trying to save money.
Question: Suppose Jayden decides to take a trip to Nevada. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Jayden will enjoy his trip to Nevada more than he would have enjoyed a trip to Connecticut. (B) Jayden will spend more money. Plane tickets for Jayden to get to Nevada are more expensive than tickets to Connecticut.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
How long is a hammer?
|
[
"24 centimeters",
"24 meters",
"24 millimeters",
"24 kilometers"
] |
A
|
Select the best estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.
|
The best estimate for the length of a hammer is 24 centimeters.
24 millimeters is too short. 24 meters and 24 kilometers are too long.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a hammer?
Options: (A) 24 centimeters (B) 24 meters (C) 24 millimeters (D) 24 kilometers
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a hammer?
Options: (A) 24 centimeters (B) 24 meters (C) 24 millimeters (D) 24 kilometers
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Assume all other forces on Kylie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kylie?
|
[
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kylie.",
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie."
] |
B
|
Kylie is sitting on a roller coaster cart as it reaches the bottom of a big loop. Earth's gravity is pulling down on Kylie with a force of 600N. The seat of the cart is pushing up on Kylie with a force of 1,200N.
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Velocity, acceleration, and forces
|
Balanced and unbalanced forces
|
A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object. Every force has a direction and a magnitude, or strength. If two forces act on an object in opposite directions, the forces are called opposing forces.
When opposing forces have the same magnitude, they are balanced. If all the forces on an object are balanced, there is no net force on the object.
When opposing forces have different magnitudes, the forces are unbalanced. If any forces on an object are unbalanced, there is a net force on the object.
|
To determine if there is a net force on Kylie, look at the forces:
Earth's gravity is pulling Kylie down with a force of 600 N.
The seat of the cart is pushing Kylie up with a force of 1,200 N.
The forces are in opposite directions, and the forces have different magnitudes: 600 N and 1,200 N. This means that the forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie.
|
Context: Kylie is sitting on a roller coaster cart as it reaches the bottom of a big loop. Earth's gravity is pulling down on Kylie with a force of 600N. The seat of the cart is pushing up on Kylie with a force of 1,200N.
Question: Assume all other forces on Kylie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kylie?
Options: (A) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kylie. (B) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Kylie is sitting on a roller coaster cart as it reaches the bottom of a big loop. Earth's gravity is pulling down on Kylie with a force of 600N. The seat of the cart is pushing up on Kylie with a force of 1,200N.
Question: Assume all other forces on Kylie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Kylie?
Options: (A) The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Kylie. (B) The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Kylie.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
|
[
"Graphite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.",
"A brick is made by humans. It is not a pure substance.",
"Quartz is formed in nature. It is a pure substance."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
earth-science
|
Rocks and minerals
|
Identify minerals using properties
|
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!
|
Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
A brick is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.
A brick is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.
So, a brick is not a mineral.
Quartz is a mineral.
Graphite is a mineral.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
Options: (A) Graphite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance. (B) A brick is made by humans. It is not a pure substance. (C) Quartz is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
Options: (A) Graphite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance. (B) A brick is made by humans. It is not a pure substance. (C) Quartz is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
How long is a bike path?
|
[
"3 centimeters",
"3 kilometers"
] |
B
|
Select the better estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of distance
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?
The number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.
Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.
There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.
There are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.
|
The better estimate for the length of a bike path is 3 kilometers.
3 centimeters is too short.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a bike path?
Options: (A) 3 centimeters (B) 3 kilometers
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a bike path?
Options: (A) 3 centimeters (B) 3 kilometers
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a speedboat that moved 890kilometers west in 10hours",
"a speedboat that moved 880kilometers north in 10hours",
"a speedboat that moved 360kilometers west in 10hours"
] |
C
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Force and motion
|
Compare the speeds of moving objects
|
An object's speed tells you how fast the object is moving. Speed depends on both distance and time.
Distance tells you how far the object has moved. One unit used to measure distance is the kilometer.
Time tells you how long the object has spent moving. One unit used to measure time is the hour.
Think about objects moving for the same amount of time. The object that is moving the slowest will go the shortest distance in that time. It is moving at the lowest speed.
|
Look at the distance each speedboat moved and the time it took to move that distance. The direction each speedboat moved does not affect its speed.
Notice that each speedboat moved for 10 hours. The speedboat that moved 360 kilometers moved the shortest distance in that time. So, that speedboat must have moved at the lowest speed.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a speedboat that moved 890kilometers west in 10hours (B) a speedboat that moved 880kilometers north in 10hours (C) a speedboat that moved 360kilometers west in 10hours
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Compare the motion of three speedboats. Which speedboat was moving at the lowest speed?
Options: (A) a speedboat that moved 890kilometers west in 10hours (B) a speedboat that moved 880kilometers north in 10hours (C) a speedboat that moved 360kilometers west in 10hours
Answer: The answer is C.
|
||
null |
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Regan has naturally dark skin.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Traits and heredity
|
Identify inherited and acquired traits
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.
|
Humans do not choose their skin color. Babies get their skin color from their parents. So, Regan's skin color is an inherited trait.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Regan has naturally dark skin.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Regan has naturally dark skin.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
How long is a leather belt?
|
[
"75 centimeters",
"75 meters"
] |
A
|
Select the better estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of distance
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?
The number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.
Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.
There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.
There are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.
|
The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 75 centimeters.
75 meters is too long.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a leather belt?
Options: (A) 75 centimeters (B) 75 meters
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: How long is a leather belt?
Options: (A) 75 centimeters (B) 75 meters
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
What do these two changes have in common?
melting glass
cooking an egg
|
[
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
natural science
|
chemistry
|
Chemical reactions
|
Compare physical and chemical changes
|
Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.
In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.
In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.
|
Step 1: Think about each change.
Melting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.
Cooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Melting glass is a physical change. But cooking an egg is not.
Both are chemical changes.
Cooking an egg is a chemical change. But melting glass is not.
Both are caused by heating.
Both changes are caused by heating.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
melting glass
cooking an egg
Options: (A) Both are only physical changes. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are chemical changes. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What do these two changes have in common?
melting glass
cooking an egg
Options: (A) Both are only physical changes. (B) Both are caused by heating. (C) Both are chemical changes. (D) Both are caused by cooling.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
How long is a leather belt?
|
[
"70 kilometers",
"70 meters",
"70 centimeters"
] |
C
|
Select the best estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of distance
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.
|
The best estimate for the length of a leather belt is 70 centimeters.
70 meters and 70 kilometers are both too long.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a leather belt?
Options: (A) 70 kilometers (B) 70 meters (C) 70 centimeters
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: How long is a leather belt?
Options: (A) 70 kilometers (B) 70 meters (C) 70 centimeters
Answer: The answer is C.
|
|
null |
What is the mass of a goat?
|
[
"75 ounces",
"75 pounds",
"75 tons"
] |
B
|
Select the best estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose customary units of mass
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.
|
The best estimate for the mass of a goat is 75 pounds.
75 ounces is too light and 75 tons is too heavy.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a goat?
Options: (A) 75 ounces (B) 75 pounds (C) 75 tons
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Select the best estimate.
Question: What is the mass of a goat?
Options: (A) 75 ounces (B) 75 pounds (C) 75 tons
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Which text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?
|
[
"The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, which led to the institution of the Miranda warning, was quite unique in that it had significant implications for law enforcement. Only a handful of Supreme Court decisions have had such an impact on daily police procedure.",
"The Miranda warning, the reading of rights given to a suspect by police prior to questioning, is not unique to the United States; a number of other countries have equivalent rights, including Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, and Kazakhstan."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade9
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Word usage and nuance
|
Explore words with new or contested usages
|
Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.
When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.
Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.
The traditional usage above is considered more standard.
David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.
The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.
|
The second text uses unique in its traditional sense: being the only one of its kind.
The Miranda warning, the reading of rights given to a suspect by police prior to questioning, is not unique to the United States; a number of other countries have equivalent rights, including Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, and Kazakhstan.
The first text uses unique in its nontraditional sense: interesting or unusual. Miranda v. Arizona was one of a few Supreme Court cases to have implications for law enforcement, so it was not one of a kind in that respect. It may be helpful to remember that if unique is modified by an adverb—as in most unique, very unique, or quite unique—it is probably being used nontraditionally.
The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, which led to the institution of the Miranda warning, was quite unique in that it had significant implications for law enforcement. Only a handful of Supreme Court decisions have had such an impact on daily police procedure.
Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word unique because it is considered more standard.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, which led to the institution of the Miranda warning, was quite unique in that it had significant implications for law enforcement. Only a handful of Supreme Court decisions have had such an impact on daily police procedure. (B) The Miranda warning, the reading of rights given to a suspect by police prior to questioning, is not unique to the United States; a number of other countries have equivalent rights, including Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, and Kazakhstan.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which text uses the word unique in its traditional sense?
Options: (A) The Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, which led to the institution of the Miranda warning, was quite unique in that it had significant implications for law enforcement. Only a handful of Supreme Court decisions have had such an impact on daily police procedure. (B) The Miranda warning, the reading of rights given to a suspect by police prior to questioning, is not unique to the United States; a number of other countries have equivalent rights, including Australia, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, and Kazakhstan.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
The midday sun () the hikers.
|
[
"glared at",
"warmed"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade10
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Creative techniques
|
Use personification
|
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.
The trees danced in the wind.
The word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.
|
Complete the sentence with the phrase glared at. It describes the sun as if it were a person giving an angry look.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
The midday sun () the hikers.
Options: (A) glared at (B) warmed
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Complete the sentence so that it uses personification.
The midday sun () the hikers.
Options: (A) glared at (B) warmed
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
|
[
"Bob had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.",
"Bob's brother wasn't feeling well, so Bob had to stay home with him."
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade11
|
language science
|
writing-strategies
|
Pronouns
|
Identify vague pronoun references
|
When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
|
The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun he could refer to Bob or his brother.
Bob had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well.
The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
Bob's brother wasn't feeling well, so Bob had to stay home with him.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Bob had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well. (B) Bob's brother wasn't feeling well, so Bob had to stay home with him.
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
Options: (A) Bob had to stay home with his brother because he wasn't feeling well. (B) Bob's brother wasn't feeling well, so Bob had to stay home with him.
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which tense does the sentence use?
Ellie practices the drums in her family's garage.
|
[
"present tense",
"past tense",
"future tense"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
language science
|
verbs
|
Verb tense
|
Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
|
Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go
|
The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, practices. The verb ends in -s and tells you about something that is true or happening now.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Ellie practices the drums in her family's garage.
Options: (A) present tense (B) past tense (C) future tense
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Ellie practices the drums in her family's garage.
Options: (A) present tense (B) past tense (C) future tense
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Suppose Nancy decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?
|
[
"Nancy will get to watch the movie that she is more excited about.",
"Nancy will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister."
] |
B
|
Nancy is deciding whether to watch a comedy or an action movie. She would prefer to watch a comedy. But she also wants to watch a movie with her sister. Nancy's sister will only watch an action movie.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
social science
|
economics
|
Basic economic principles
|
Costs and benefits
|
Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.
|
This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Nancy wants or needs:
Nancy will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister.
|
Context: Nancy is deciding whether to watch a comedy or an action movie. She would prefer to watch a comedy. But she also wants to watch a movie with her sister. Nancy's sister will only watch an action movie.
Question: Suppose Nancy decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Nancy will get to watch the movie that she is more excited about. (B) Nancy will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Nancy is deciding whether to watch a comedy or an action movie. She would prefer to watch a comedy. But she also wants to watch a movie with her sister. Nancy's sister will only watch an action movie.
Question: Suppose Nancy decides to watch the comedy. Which result would be a cost?
Options: (A) Nancy will get to watch the movie that she is more excited about. (B) Nancy will give up the chance to watch a movie with her sister.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Camilla plays basketball.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] |
A
|
Hint: Playing basketball takes practice.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Traits and heredity
|
Identify inherited and acquired traits
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.
|
People are not born knowing how to play basketball. Instead, some people learn how to play basketball. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing basketball is an acquired trait.
|
Context: Hint: Playing basketball takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Camilla plays basketball.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Hint: Playing basketball takes practice.
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Camilla plays basketball.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Using only these supplies, which question can Haley investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off?",
"Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable?",
"Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?"
] |
A
|
Haley notices that her cell phone charges more quickly sometimes and more slowly other times. She wonders what factors affect how quickly a phone charges. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:
one cell phone
a two-foot-long charging cable
a five-foot-long charging cable
a stopwatch
a wall outlet
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
natural science
|
science-and-engineering-practices
|
Designing experiments
|
Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials
|
Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
|
Context: Haley notices that her cell phone charges more quickly sometimes and more slowly other times. She wonders what factors affect how quickly a phone charges. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:
one cell phone
a two-foot-long charging cable
a five-foot-long charging cable
a stopwatch
a wall outlet
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Haley investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off? (B) Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable? (C) Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Haley notices that her cell phone charges more quickly sometimes and more slowly other times. She wonders what factors affect how quickly a phone charges. So, she decides to design an experiment. She has the following supplies available:
one cell phone
a two-foot-long charging cable
a five-foot-long charging cable
a stopwatch
a wall outlet
Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Haley investigate with an experiment?
Options: (A) Does a cell phone charge more quickly when it is turned on or when it is turned off? (B) Does a tablet charge faster with a two-foot-long charging cable or a five-foot-long charging cable? (C) Does a cell phone charge faster when plugged into a wall outlet or into a computer?
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Clara told her friends that Farid was a typical Peter Pan type.
|
[
"a song",
"literature"
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
language science
|
figurative-language
|
Literary devices
|
Recall the source of an allusion
|
An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.
|
The source of the allusion Peter Pan is literature.
In a J. M. Barrie novel, the character Peter Pan retreats to Neverland and refuses to grow up.
The allusion Peter Pan means a person who won't take on adult responsibilities.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Clara told her friends that Farid was a typical Peter Pan type.
Options: (A) a song (B) literature
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Clara told her friends that Farid was a typical Peter Pan type.
Options: (A) a song (B) literature
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Which is harder?
|
[
"ceramic mug",
"cotton apron"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Materials
|
Compare properties of materials
|
Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
|
Hard is a property. A hard material keeps its shape when you press on it with your finger.
Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pushing on the material shown in each picture.
Of the choices, the ceramic mug is harder. If you press on a piece of ceramic, it will not change shape.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is harder?
Options: (A) ceramic mug (B) cotton apron
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is harder?
Options: (A) ceramic mug (B) cotton apron
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
What is the volume of a water balloon?
|
[
"485 milliliters",
"485 liters"
] |
A
|
Select the better estimate.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
units-and-measurement
|
Units and measurement
|
Choose metric units of volume
|
Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.
There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.
A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.
|
The better estimate for the volume of a water balloon is 485 milliliters.
485 liters is too much.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a water balloon?
Options: (A) 485 milliliters (B) 485 liters
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Select the better estimate.
Question: What is the volume of a water balloon?
Options: (A) 485 milliliters (B) 485 liters
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Which correctly shows the title of a magazine?
|
[
"Oceans of the Mind",
"oceans of the mind"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
language science
|
capitalization
|
Formatting
|
Capitalizing titles
|
In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or
|
Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.
The correct title is Oceans of the Mind.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a magazine?
Options: (A) Oceans of the Mind (B) oceans of the mind
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a magazine?
Options: (A) Oceans of the Mind (B) oceans of the mind
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?
|
[
"***You Can't Do That on Television***",
"\"You Can't Do That on Television\""
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
language science
|
punctuation
|
Formatting
|
Formatting titles
|
The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine"
|
A TV show should be in italics.
The correct title is **You Can't Do That on Television**.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?
Options: (A) ***You Can't Do That on Television*** (B) "You Can't Do That on Television"
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?
Options: (A) ***You Can't Do That on Television*** (B) "You Can't Do That on Television"
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Select the animal that does not have a backbone.
|
[
"leaf-curling spider",
"salmon"
] |
A
|
Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms do not have backbones.
|
closed choice
|
grade2
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Identify animals with and without backbones
|
Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.
Other animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body.
|
Like other spiders, a leaf-curling spider does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover.
A salmon is a fish. Like other fish, a salmon has a backbone.
|
Context: Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms do not have backbones.
Question: Select the animal that does not have a backbone.
Options: (A) leaf-curling spider (B) salmon
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms do not have backbones.
Question: Select the animal that does not have a backbone.
Options: (A) leaf-curling spider (B) salmon
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
|
[
"Chinese alligators live in lakes and streams in eastern China. They lay eggs with shells and live in underground burrows in the winter. Chinese alligators have scaly, waterproof skin.",
"Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean. They have two wings, feathers, and a beak. Blue-footed boobies lay eggs with pale blue shells. They keep the eggs warm with their large blue feet."
] |
B
|
Birds are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify birds:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Use evidence to classify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians
|
Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.
How do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.
|
To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.
Birds have the following traits:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells.
Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.
A Chinese alligator has the following traits:
It has scaly, waterproof skin.
It makes eggs with shells.
A Chinese alligator does not have all of the traits of a bird. A Chinese alligator is a reptile.
A blue-footed booby has the following traits:
It has feathers.
It has wings.
It has a beak.
It makes eggs with shells.
A blue-footed booby has the traits of a bird. A blue-footed booby is a bird.
|
Context: Birds are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify birds:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
Question: Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
Options: (A) Chinese alligators live in lakes and streams in eastern China. They lay eggs with shells and live in underground burrows in the winter. Chinese alligators have scaly, waterproof skin. (B) Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean. They have two wings, feathers, and a beak. Blue-footed boobies lay eggs with pale blue shells. They keep the eggs warm with their large blue feet.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Birds are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify birds:
They have feathers.
They have wings.
They have a beak.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
Question: Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
Options: (A) Chinese alligators live in lakes and streams in eastern China. They lay eggs with shells and live in underground burrows in the winter. Chinese alligators have scaly, waterproof skin. (B) Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean. They have two wings, feathers, and a beak. Blue-footed boobies lay eggs with pale blue shells. They keep the eggs warm with their large blue feet.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
What information supports the conclusion that Pablo acquired this trait?
|
[
"Pablo's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.",
"Pablo's brother has scars on both of his knees.",
"Pablo's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard."
] |
C
|
Read the description of a trait.
Pablo has a scar on his left knee.
|
closed choice
|
grade7
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Pablo has a scar on his left knee.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Pablo acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Pablo's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee. (B) Pablo's brother has scars on both of his knees. (C) Pablo's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard.
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Pablo has a scar on his left knee.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Pablo acquired this trait?
Options: (A) Pablo's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee. (B) Pablo's brother has scars on both of his knees. (C) Pablo's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard.
Answer: The answer is C.
|
||
null |
Choose the poem that uses repetition.
|
[
"Down, down, down!\nDown to the depths of the sea!\nShe sits at her wheel in the humming town,\nSinging most joyfully.",
"The poor old year died hard; for all the earth lay cold\nAnd bare beneath the wintry sky;\nWhile gray clouds scurried madly to the west,\nAnd hid the chill young moon from mortal sight."
] |
A
|
From Matthew Arnold, "The Forsaken Merman" and from Alice Ruth Moore, "New Year's Day"
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
language science
|
reading-comprehension
|
Poetry elements
|
Identify elements of poetry
|
Poetry is a special kind of writing. It has many elements that make it different from ordinary writing. Knowing these elements can help you talk about poetry, understand it better, and enjoy it more.
A poem rhymes when it has a pattern of words that end in the same sound.
End rhyme is when the rhymes appear at the end of a poem's lines.
Little Betty Blue,
Lost her holiday shoe.
—From Mother Goose
Internal rhyme is when at least one of the rhyming words appears inside the poem's lines.
Sweet dreams of pleasant streams.
—From William Blake, "A Cradle Song"
Rhythm is the pattern of strong and weak syllables, or stress, in a poem. You can recognize rhythm in a poem by listening to how it sounds. Poems with regular rhythm have a beat, like in music.
He watches from his mountain walls,
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
—From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle"
The syllables in bold are strong. We say them with more force than the other syllables. In this poem, every weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Each line sounds like da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM. To better hear the rhythm, try reading it aloud while clapping on each strong syllable.
Free verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern.
The old bridge has a wrinkled face.
He bends his back
For us to go over.
—From Hilda Conkling, "The Old Bridge"
The syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.
Repetition is when words, phrases, or whole lines are repeated.
The dainty flying squirrel
In vest of shining white,
In coat of silver gray,
And vest of shining white.
—Adapted from Mary E. Burt, "The Flying Squirrel"
Alliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together.
Where the wild men watched and waited
Wolves in the forest, and bears in the bush.
—From Bayard Taylor, "A Night with a Wolf"
Onomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about.
Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words:
Tlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear.
—From Alfred Noyes, "The Highwayman"
Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words:
Hark! the honey bee is humming.
—From Mary Howitt, "The Voice of Spring"
|
This poem uses repetition. It repeats words, phrases, or lines.
Down, down, down!
Down to the depths of the sea!
Singing most joyfully.
|
Context: From Matthew Arnold, "The Forsaken Merman" and from Alice Ruth Moore, "New Year's Day"
Question: Choose the poem that uses repetition.
Options: (A) Down, down, down!
Down to the depths of the sea!
She sits at her wheel in the humming town,
Singing most joyfully. (B) The poor old year died hard; for all the earth lay cold
And bare beneath the wintry sky;
While gray clouds scurried madly to the west,
And hid the chill young moon from mortal sight.
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: From Matthew Arnold, "The Forsaken Merman" and from Alice Ruth Moore, "New Year's Day"
Question: Choose the poem that uses repetition.
Options: (A) Down, down, down!
Down to the depths of the sea!
She sits at her wheel in the humming town,
Singing most joyfully. (B) The poor old year died hard; for all the earth lay cold
And bare beneath the wintry sky;
While gray clouds scurried madly to the west,
And hid the chill young moon from mortal sight.
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Complete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Paul.
|
[
"increased",
"stayed the same",
"decreased"
] |
C
|
Read the text about an object in motion.
Bridgette dropped a water balloon off a balcony. The water balloon fell toward her friend Paul, who was standing below the balcony.
|
closed choice
|
grade8
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Kinetic and potential energy
|
Identify changes in gravitational potential energy
|
Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.
The amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.
If the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.
When an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...
increases | increases
decreases | decreases
stays the same | stays the same
|
Think about how the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth changed.
Paul was lower than the balcony. As the water balloon fell toward Paul, the distance between the water balloon and the center of Earth decreased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth decreased as the water balloon fell toward Paul.
|
Context: Read the text about an object in motion.
Bridgette dropped a water balloon off a balcony. The water balloon fell toward her friend Paul, who was standing below the balcony.
Question: Complete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Paul.
Options: (A) increased (B) stayed the same (C) decreased
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: Read the text about an object in motion.
Bridgette dropped a water balloon off a balcony. The water balloon fell toward her friend Paul, who was standing below the balcony.
Question: Complete the statement. Assume that the water balloon's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the water balloon and Earth () as the water balloon fell toward Paul.
Options: (A) increased (B) stayed the same (C) decreased
Answer: The answer is C.
|
|
null |
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Manuel noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] |
A
|
Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
earth-science
|
Weather and climate
|
What's the difference between weather and climate?
|
The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.
|
Read the text carefully.
Manuel noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.
This passage tells you about the clouds Manuel saw last week. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.
|
Context: Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Manuel noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.
Options: (A) weather (B) climate
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.
Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Manuel noticed that the sky was filled with cumulus clouds every day last week.
Options: (A) weather (B) climate
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Which job does the circulatory system do?
|
[
"It breaks down food into small pieces.",
"It helps remove carbon dioxide waste from the body."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Animals
|
Body systems: circulation and respiration
|
To stay alive, animal cells must get water and oxygen. Animal cells also produce carbon dioxide, a waste that must be removed. An animal's respiratory and circulatory systems work together to do these jobs.
An animal's respiratory system is made up of organs that work together to bring in oxygen gas from the environment. The respiratory system also removes carbon dioxide gas from the animal's body. Some animals have lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the air. Other animals have gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water.
An animal's circulatory system is made up of organs that work together to move blood through its body. The heart pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body. As blood moves through blood vessels, it delivers oxygen, nutrients from food, and water to cells. Blood also absorbs waste, including carbon dioxide. When the blood is pumped into the lungs or gills, it releases carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen.
|
The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and water to cells. It also helps remove carbon dioxide waste.
The circulatory system does not break down food into small pieces. This job is done by the digestive system. After the digestive system breaks down food, blood vessels in the intestines absorb the nutrients from the food. The blood then carries the nutrients to cells throughout the body.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which job does the circulatory system do?
Options: (A) It breaks down food into small pieces. (B) It helps remove carbon dioxide waste from the body.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which job does the circulatory system do?
Options: (A) It breaks down food into small pieces. (B) It helps remove carbon dioxide waste from the body.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Would you find the word wild on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
well - word
|
[
"no",
"yes"
] |
B
|
yes or no
|
grade2
|
language science
|
reference-skills
|
Reference skills
|
Use guide words
|
Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
|
Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since wild is between the guide words well - word, it would be found on that page.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word wild on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
well - word
Options: (A) no (B) yes
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word wild on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
well - word
Options: (A) no (B) yes
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Reggie has a scar on his left hand.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] |
A
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Traits and heredity
|
Identify inherited and acquired traits
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.
|
Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Reggie has a scar on his left hand.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Reggie has a scar on his left hand.
Options: (A) acquired (B) inherited
Answer: The answer is A.
|
||
null |
Would you find the word mumble on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
medicine - mid
|
[
"yes",
"no"
] |
B
|
yes or no
|
grade4
|
language science
|
reference-skills
|
Reference skills
|
Use guide words
|
Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.
|
Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since mumble is not between the guide words medicine - mid, it would not be found on that page.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word mumble on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
medicine - mid
Options: (A) yes (B) no
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Would you find the word mumble on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
medicine - mid
Options: (A) yes (B) no
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
Select the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.
|
[
"African elephants have thin hair covering their body. Female elephants feed their offspring milk. Elephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader.",
"Gray tree frogs hatch from eggs without shells. They live underwater when they are tadpoles. They move onto land when they become adults. The moist skin of adult gray tree frogs can be green or gray. The color of their skin helps them hide on rocks or plants."
] |
B
|
Amphibians are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify amphibians:
They spend part of their lives in water and part on land.
They have moist skin.
They make eggs with no shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
|
closed choice
|
grade4
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Use evidence to classify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians
|
Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.
How do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.
|
To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.
Amphibians have the following traits:
They spend part of their lives in water and part on land.
They have moist skin.
They make eggs with no shells.
Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.
An African elephant has the following traits:
It feeds its offspring milk.
It has hair.
An African elephant does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. An African elephant is a mammal.
A gray tree frog has the following traits:
It spends part of its life in water and part on land.
It has moist skin.
It makes eggs with no shells.
A gray tree frog has the traits of an amphibian. A gray tree frog is an amphibian.
|
Context: Amphibians are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify amphibians:
They spend part of their lives in water and part on land.
They have moist skin.
They make eggs with no shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
Question: Select the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.
Options: (A) African elephants have thin hair covering their body. Female elephants feed their offspring milk. Elephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader. (B) Gray tree frogs hatch from eggs without shells. They live underwater when they are tadpoles. They move onto land when they become adults. The moist skin of adult gray tree frogs can be green or gray. The color of their skin helps them hide on rocks or plants.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Amphibians are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify amphibians:
They spend part of their lives in water and part on land.
They have moist skin.
They make eggs with no shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions.
Question: Select the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.
Options: (A) African elephants have thin hair covering their body. Female elephants feed their offspring milk. Elephants live in groups called herds. The oldest female in the herd is usually the leader. (B) Gray tree frogs hatch from eggs without shells. They live underwater when they are tadpoles. They move onto land when they become adults. The moist skin of adult gray tree frogs can be green or gray. The color of their skin helps them hide on rocks or plants.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Based on this information, what is Roxie's phenotype for the fur color trait?
|
[
"FF",
"black fur"
] |
B
|
In a group of Labrador retrievers, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for black fur, and the allele f is for brown fur.
Roxie, a Labrador retriever from this group, has black fur. Roxie has two alleles for black fur.
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype
|
All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.
|
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Roxie's observable version of the fur color trait is black fur. So, Roxie's phenotype for the fur color trait is black fur.
|
Context: In a group of Labrador retrievers, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for black fur, and the allele f is for brown fur.
Roxie, a Labrador retriever from this group, has black fur. Roxie has two alleles for black fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Roxie's phenotype for the fur color trait?
Options: (A) FF (B) black fur
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: In a group of Labrador retrievers, some individuals have black fur and others have brown fur. In this group, the gene for the fur color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for black fur, and the allele f is for brown fur.
Roxie, a Labrador retriever from this group, has black fur. Roxie has two alleles for black fur.
Question: Based on this information, what is Roxie's phenotype for the fur color trait?
Options: (A) FF (B) black fur
Answer: The answer is B.
|
|
null |
Select the invertebrate.
|
[
"macaw",
"domestic pig",
"giant wood wasp",
"tokay gecko"
] |
C
|
Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Classification
|
Identify vertebrates and invertebrates
|
Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.
|
A macaw is a bird. Like other birds, a macaw is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
A domestic pig is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic pig is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
A giant wood wasp is an insect. Like other insects, a giant wood wasp is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A tokay gecko is a reptile. Like other reptiles, a tokay gecko is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
|
Context: Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates.
Question: Select the invertebrate.
Options: (A) macaw (B) domestic pig (C) giant wood wasp (D) tokay gecko
|
Answer: The answer is C.
|
Context: Hint: Insects, spiders, and worms are invertebrates.
Question: Select the invertebrate.
Options: (A) macaw (B) domestic pig (C) giant wood wasp (D) tokay gecko
Answer: The answer is C.
|
|
null |
Which basketball has a higher temperature?
|
[
"the basketball with more thermal energy",
"the basketball with less thermal energy"
] |
A
|
Two basketballs are identical except for their thermal energies.
|
closed choice
|
grade5
|
natural science
|
physics
|
Heat and thermal energy
|
How are temperature and mass related to thermal energy?
|
Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.
The energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.
Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.
What happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.
|
The two basketballs are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the basketball with more thermal energy has a higher temperature.
|
Context: Two basketballs are identical except for their thermal energies.
Question: Which basketball has a higher temperature?
Options: (A) the basketball with more thermal energy (B) the basketball with less thermal energy
|
Answer: The answer is A.
|
Context: Two basketballs are identical except for their thermal energies.
Question: Which basketball has a higher temperature?
Options: (A) the basketball with more thermal energy (B) the basketball with less thermal energy
Answer: The answer is A.
|
|
null |
Which is a compound sentence?
|
[
"China grows most of the wheat in the world.",
"Mr. Everett cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Everett washes the car."
] |
B
|
closed choice
|
grade3
|
language science
|
grammar
|
Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
|
Is the sentence simple or compound?
|
A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.
The pitcher threw the ball to first base.
A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.
Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.
Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.
This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.
The singers bowed and walked off the stage.
This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.
This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.
|
The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction and.
Mr. Everett cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Everett washes the car.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) China grows most of the wheat in the world. (B) Mr. Everett cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Everett washes the car.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: N/A
Question: Which is a compound sentence?
Options: (A) China grows most of the wheat in the world. (B) Mr. Everett cleans the chimney, and Mrs. Everett washes the car.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
||
null |
What information supports the conclusion that Joy inherited this trait?
|
[
"Joy and her mother both wear their hair in braids.",
"Joy's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Joy."
] |
B
|
Read the description of a trait.
Joy has red hair.
|
closed choice
|
grade6
|
natural science
|
biology
|
Genes to traits
|
Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement
|
Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Joy has red hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Joy inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Joy and her mother both wear their hair in braids. (B) Joy's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Joy.
|
Answer: The answer is B.
|
Context: Read the description of a trait.
Joy has red hair.
Question: What information supports the conclusion that Joy inherited this trait?
Options: (A) Joy and her mother both wear their hair in braids. (B) Joy's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Joy.
Answer: The answer is B.
|
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