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title: Material sintering-window comparison (PA12 / PA11 / TPU)
summary: Relative processing-window widths and handling differences across our powder family.
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> **DRAFT — PENDING HUMAN REVIEW.** Not served to agents until promoted into
> `source/` (top level). Numbers below are extracted from the cited papers by
> the 2026-07-16 deep-research pass and domain-checked, but adversarial
> verification is still in progress. Review before promotion.
# Material Windows Comparison
| Material | Sintering window | Notes for agents |
|---|---|---|
| PA12 / PA12 GF | ~20–25 °C (PA12/CF measured 21 °C) | The forgiving baseline; GF adds stiffness, narrows practical window slightly |
| PA11 | ~11 °C — HALF of PA12's | Far less bed-temp margin; nitrogen strongly recommended (air degrades faster per Formlabs); expect tighter tolerance to drift |
| TPU 90A | Wide, elastomer behavior | Different failure modes (elastic recovery vs curl); Formlabs runs it at ~50 % refresh |
| PP | ~16 °C measured | Reference only (not in our powder set) |
Sources: Materials 14:1169 survey; SSR-optimization study; Formlabs TDS/support.
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